कमल

kamalá (romanization)
कमलः (nominative singular)
कमलौ (dual nominative)
कमला1 (dual nominative)
कमलाः (nominative plural)
कमलासः1 (nominative plural)
कमल (singular vocative)
कमलौ (dual vocative)
कमला1 (dual vocative)
कमलाः (plural vocative)
कमलासः1 (plural vocative)
कमलम् (accusative singular)
कमलौ (accusative dual)
कमला1 (accusative dual)
कमलान् (accusative plural)
कमलेन (instrumental singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कमलैः (instrumental plural)
कमलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कमलाय (dative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कमलेभ्यः (dative plural)
कमलात् (ablative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कमलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कमलस्य (genitive singular)
कमलयोः (dual genitive)
कमलानाम् (genitive plural)
कमले (locative singular)
कमलयोः (dual locative)
कमलेषु (locative plural)
कमला (nominative singular)
कमले (dual nominative)
कमलाः (nominative plural)
कमले (singular vocative)
कमले (dual vocative)
कमलाः (plural vocative)
कमलाम् (accusative singular)
कमले (accusative dual)
कमलाः (accusative plural)
कमलया (instrumental singular)
कमला1 (instrumental singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कमलाभिः (instrumental plural)
कमलायै (dative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कमलाभ्यः (dative plural)
कमलायाः (ablative singular)
कमलायै2 (ablative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कमलाभ्यः (ablative plural)
कमलायाः (genitive singular)
कमलायै2 (genitive singular)
कमलयोः (dual genitive)
कमलानाम् (genitive plural)
कमलायाम् (locative singular)
कमलयोः (dual locative)
कमलासु (locative plural)
कमलम् (nominative singular)
कमले (dual nominative)
कमलानि (nominative plural)
कमला1 (nominative plural)
कमल (singular vocative)
कमले (dual vocative)
कमलानि (plural vocative)
कमला1 (plural vocative)
कमलम् (accusative singular)
कमले (accusative dual)
कमलानि (accusative plural)
कमला1 (accusative plural)
कमलेन (instrumental singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कमलैः (instrumental plural)
कमलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कमलाय (dative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कमलेभ्यः (dative plural)
कमलात् (ablative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कमलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कमलस्य (genitive singular)
कमलयोः (dual genitive)
कमलानाम् (genitive plural)
कमले (locative singular)
कमलयोः (dual locative)
कमलेषु (locative plural)

Uncertain. Maybe derived from the noun sense “lotus”, but Mayrhofer considers this to be unlikely.


कृष्ण

head

कृष्ण • (kṛṣṇa) m

kṛṣṇa (romanization)
कृष्णः (nominative singular)
कृष्णौ (dual nominative)
कृष्णा1 (dual nominative)
कृष्णाः (nominative plural)
कृष्णासः1 (nominative plural)
कृष्ण (singular vocative)
कृष्णौ (dual vocative)
कृष्णा1 (dual vocative)
कृष्णाः (plural vocative)
कृष्णासः1 (plural vocative)
कृष्णम् (accusative singular)
कृष्णौ (accusative dual)
कृष्णा1 (accusative dual)
कृष्णान् (accusative plural)
कृष्णेन (instrumental singular)
कृष्णाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कृष्णैः (instrumental plural)
कृष्णेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कृष्णाय (dative singular)
कृष्णाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कृष्णेभ्यः (dative plural)
कृष्णात् (ablative singular)
कृष्णाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कृष्णेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कृष्णस्य (genitive singular)
कृष्णयोः (dual genitive)
कृष्णानाम् (genitive plural)
कृष्णे (locative singular)
कृष्णयोः (dual locative)
कृष्णेषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀳 (kaṇha), 𑀓𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀳 (kiṇha)

Assamese: কানু (kanu), কানাই (kanai)

Awadhi: कंधैया (kandhaiyā)

Bengali: কান (kano), কানাই (kanai)

Bhojpuri: 𑂍𑂰𑂢𑂹𑂯𑂰 (kānhā)

Gujarati: કાનો (kāno)

Hindi: कान्ह (kānha), कान्हा (kānhā)

⇒ Hindi: कन्हैया (kanhaiyā)

Maithili: 𑒏𑒰𑒢𑓂𑒯 (kānha)

Marathi: कान्हू (kānhū)

Odia: କାନ୍ହ (kānha)

Punjabi: ਕਾਨ੍ਹ੍ (kānh)

Sindhi: 𑊺𑋠𑋑𑋧 (kāno)

Sylheti: ꠇꠣꠘꠣꠁ (xanai)

→ Bengali: কেষ্ট (keśṭo) (semi-learned)

→ Bengali: কৃষ্ণ (kriśno) (learned)

→ English: Krishna

→ Gujarati: કૃષ્ણ (kŕṣṇ)

desc

→ Hindi: किषन (kiṣan), किशन (kiśan) (semi-learned)

→ Hindi: कृष्ण (kŕṣṇa), कृष्णा (kŕṣṇā) (learned)

→ Kannada: ಕೃಷ್ಣ (kṛṣṇa)

→ Odia: କୃଷ୍ଣ (krushṇa)

→ Malayalam: കൃഷ്ണ (kr̥ṣṇa)

→ Tamil: கிருஷ்ணா (kiruṣṇā), கண்ணன் (kaṇṇaṉ) (via Prakrit)

→ Telugu: కృష్ణ (kr̥ṣṇa), కృష్ణుడు (kr̥ṣṇuḍu)

→ Sinhalese: කෘෂ්ණ (kr̥ṣṇa)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥šnás (“black”), from Proto-Indo-European *kr̥snós (“black”).
Cognate with Proto-Slavic *čьrnъ (whence Old Church Slavonic чрънъ (črŭnŭ, “black”) (Glagolitic spelling ⱍⱃⱏⱀⱏ (črŭnŭ)), Russian чёрный (čórnyj), Bulgarian черен (čeren), Macedonian црн (crn), Czech černý, Polish czarny, Slovak čierny), Old Prussian kirsnan (“black”), Lithuanian kir̃snas.

cog

Krishna, name of a celebrated Avatar of the god Vishnu


कृष्ण

sa-noun

कृष्ण • (kṛ́ṣṇa or kṛṣṇá) stem, m

kṛ́ṣṇa (romanization)
kṛṣṇá (romanization)
कृष्णः (nominative singular)
कृष्णौ (dual nominative)
कृष्णा1 (dual nominative)
कृष्णाः (nominative plural)
कृष्णासः1 (nominative plural)
कृष्ण (singular vocative)
कृष्णौ (dual vocative)
कृष्णा1 (dual vocative)
कृष्णाः (plural vocative)
कृष्णासः1 (plural vocative)
कृष्णम् (accusative singular)
कृष्णौ (accusative dual)
कृष्णा1 (accusative dual)
कृष्णान् (accusative plural)
कृष्णेन (instrumental singular)
कृष्णाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कृष्णैः (instrumental plural)
कृष्णेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कृष्णाय (dative singular)
कृष्णाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कृष्णेभ्यः (dative plural)
कृष्णात् (ablative singular)
कृष्णाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कृष्णेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कृष्णस्य (genitive singular)
कृष्णयोः (dual genitive)
कृष्णानाम् (genitive plural)
कृष्णे (locative singular)
कृष्णयोः (dual locative)
कृष्णेषु (locative plural)
कृष्णः (nominative singular)
कृष्णौ (dual nominative)
कृष्णा1 (dual nominative)
कृष्णाः (nominative plural)
कृष्णासः1 (nominative plural)
कृष्ण (singular vocative)
कृष्णौ (dual vocative)
कृष्णा1 (dual vocative)
कृष्णाः (plural vocative)
कृष्णासः1 (plural vocative)
कृष्णम् (accusative singular)
कृष्णौ (accusative dual)
कृष्णा1 (accusative dual)
कृष्णान् (accusative plural)
कृष्णेन (instrumental singular)
कृष्णाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कृष्णैः (instrumental plural)
कृष्णेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कृष्णाय (dative singular)
कृष्णाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कृष्णेभ्यः (dative plural)
कृष्णात् (ablative singular)
कृष्णाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कृष्णेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कृष्णस्य (genitive singular)
कृष्णयोः (dual genitive)
कृष्णानाम् (genitive plural)
कृष्णे (locative singular)
कृष्णयोः (dual locative)
कृष्णेषु (locative plural)

waning period of the lunar phase from full moon to new moon


श्वेत

head

श्वेत • (śvetá)

śvetá (romanization)
श्वेतः (nominative singular)
श्वेतौ (dual nominative)
श्वेता1 (dual nominative)
श्वेताः (nominative plural)
श्वेतासः1 (nominative plural)
श्वेत (singular vocative)
श्वेतौ (dual vocative)
श्वेता1 (dual vocative)
श्वेताः (plural vocative)
श्वेतासः1 (plural vocative)
श्वेतम् (accusative singular)
श्वेतौ (accusative dual)
श्वेता1 (accusative dual)
श्वेतान् (accusative plural)
श्वेतेन (instrumental singular)
श्वेताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्वेतैः (instrumental plural)
श्वेतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
श्वेताय (dative singular)
श्वेताभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्वेतेभ्यः (dative plural)
श्वेतात् (ablative singular)
श्वेताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्वेतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्वेतस्य (genitive singular)
श्वेतयोः (dual genitive)
श्वेतानाम् (genitive plural)
श्वेते (locative singular)
श्वेतयोः (dual locative)
श्वेतेषु (locative plural)
श्वेता (nominative singular)
श्वेते (dual nominative)
श्वेताः (nominative plural)
श्वेते (singular vocative)
श्वेते (dual vocative)
श्वेताः (plural vocative)
श्वेताम् (accusative singular)
श्वेते (accusative dual)
श्वेताः (accusative plural)
श्वेतया (instrumental singular)
श्वेता1 (instrumental singular)
श्वेताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्वेताभिः (instrumental plural)
श्वेतायै (dative singular)
श्वेताभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्वेताभ्यः (dative plural)
श्वेतायाः (ablative singular)
श्वेतायै2 (ablative singular)
श्वेताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्वेताभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्वेतायाः (genitive singular)
श्वेतायै2 (genitive singular)
श्वेतयोः (dual genitive)
श्वेतानाम् (genitive plural)
श्वेतायाम् (locative singular)
श्वेतयोः (dual locative)
श्वेतासु (locative plural)
श्वेतम् (nominative singular)
श्वेते (dual nominative)
श्वेतानि (nominative plural)
श्वेता1 (nominative plural)
श्वेत (singular vocative)
श्वेते (dual vocative)
श्वेतानि (plural vocative)
श्वेता1 (plural vocative)
श्वेतम् (accusative singular)
श्वेते (accusative dual)
श्वेतानि (accusative plural)
श्वेता1 (accusative plural)
श्वेतेन (instrumental singular)
श्वेताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्वेतैः (instrumental plural)
श्वेतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
श्वेताय (dative singular)
श्वेताभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्वेतेभ्यः (dative plural)
श्वेतात् (ablative singular)
श्वेताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्वेतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्वेतस्य (genitive singular)
श्वेतयोः (dual genitive)
श्वेतानाम् (genitive plural)
श्वेते (locative singular)
श्वेतयोः (dual locative)
श्वेतेषु (locative plural)

→ Bengali: শ্বেত (śśet)

Dardic:

→ Khowar: اِشپیرو (išpéru)

→ Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑁂𑀅 (sea)

desctree

→ Pali: seta
→ Old Javanese: sita
→ Javanese: ꦱꦺꦠ (séta)

→ Gujarati: શ્વેત (śvet)

desc

→ Hindi: श्वेत (śvet), स्वेत (svet) — colloquial

→ Kannada: ಶ್ವೇತ (śvēta)

→ Malayalam: ശ്വേതം (śvētaṁ)

→ Old Javanese: śweta

→ Odia: ଶ୍ୱେତ (śwētå)

→ Odia: ଶ୍ୱେତ (śwētå)

→ Punjabi: ਚਿੱਟਾ (ciṭṭā), ਚਿਟਾ (ciṭā)

→ Tamil: சுவேதம் (cuvētam)

→ Telugu: శ్వేతము (śvētamu)

→ Thai: เศวต (swèet)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwaytás
Sanskrit श्वेत (śveta)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwaytás (“white”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt-ó-s, from *ḱweyt- (“bright; shine”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (spaēta), Persian سفید (safêd), Old Church Slavonic свѣтъ (světŭ), Russian свет (svet), Old English hwīt (whence English white). Related to Sanskrit श्वित्र (śvitrá).

etymon

शतं श्वेतास उक्षणो दिवि तारो न रोचन्ते ।

One hundred white bulls shine like the stars in the sky.

śataṃ śvetāsa ukṣaṇo divi tāro na rocante.


दिव्

head

दिव् • (div)

sa-root

दिव् • (div)


गन्ध

gandhá (romanization)
गन्धः (nominative singular)
गन्धौ (dual nominative)
गन्धा1 (dual nominative)
गन्धाः (nominative plural)
गन्धासः1 (nominative plural)
गन्ध (singular vocative)
गन्धौ (dual vocative)
गन्धा1 (dual vocative)
गन्धाः (plural vocative)
गन्धासः1 (plural vocative)
गन्धम् (accusative singular)
गन्धौ (accusative dual)
गन्धा1 (accusative dual)
गन्धान् (accusative plural)
गन्धेन (instrumental singular)
गन्धाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गन्धैः (instrumental plural)
गन्धेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गन्धाय (dative singular)
गन्धाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गन्धेभ्यः (dative plural)
गन्धात् (ablative singular)
गन्धाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गन्धेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गन्धस्य (genitive singular)
गन्धयोः (dual genitive)
गन्धानाम् (genitive plural)
गन्धे (locative singular)
गन्धयोः (dual locative)
गन्धेषु (locative plural)

Pali: gandha

Prakrit: 𑀕𑀁𑀥 (gaṃdha), 𑀕𑀁𑀥𑀬 (gaṃdhaya)

Central:

tooltip

reshaped by analogy or addition of morpheme

⇒ Hindustani: gãdhānā

desc

Hindi: गंधाना

Hindi: गंधाना

Urdu: گندھانا

Urdu: گندھانا

Eastern:

Assamese: গান্ধ (gandho)

Bengali: গন্ধানো (gondhanō), গন্ধ (gondho)

Northern:

Bhadrawahi: गन् (gan)

⇒ Nepali: गनाउनु (ganāunu)

Northwestern:

Punjabi: gandh

Gurmukhi script: ਗੰਧ

Shahmukhi script: گَن٘دھ

Southern:

Konkani: gā̃nda

Devanagari script: गांद

Latin script: gand

Devanagari script: गांद

Western:

⇒ Gujarati: ગંધાવું (gandhāvũ)

Romani: kandel, khandel

→ Indonesian: ganda

→ Lü: ᦅᧃᦒᦱ (kanthaa)

→ Hindustani: gandh

Hindi: गंध

Urdu: گندھ

→ Kannada: ಗಂಧ (gandha)

⇒ Malayalam: കെന്തുക (kentuka)

→ Marathi: गंध (gandha), गंधा (gandhā)

Punjabi: ਗੰਧ (gandh)

→ Tamil: கந்தம் (kantam)

→ Telugu: గంధము (gandhamu)

→ Tagalog: ganda

→ Thai: คันธะ (kan-tá)

/ˈɡɐn̪.d̪ʱɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *g(ʰ)andʰ- (“to smell”); further etymology unknown, and likely a borrowing, perhaps from the BMAC substrate. Alternative theories consider a relation to गध्य (gadhya, “to be seized or gained as booty”), citing a semantic parallel with सुरभि (surabhi, “sweet-smelling, fragrant”, literally “seizing pleasantly”) and its root रभ् (rabh, “to grasp”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬌 (gaⁱṇti, “stench”), 𐬛𐬎𐬲𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬌 (dužgaⁱṇti, “smelling badly”), Sogdian γnt (“stench”), Persian گنده (gande, “stench”), Northern Luri گںن (gən).


गौर

कडारादि कडारादि

(in comp. or ifc. g. कडारादि) white, yellowish, reddish, pale red


गौर

desctree

→ Old Javanese: gora
> Javanese: ꦒꦺꦴꦫ (gora) (inherited)

पार्वती पार्वती

(Hinduism) ‘brilliant Goddess’, शिव's wife पार्वती


काल

kāla (romanization)
कालः (nominative singular)
कालौ (dual nominative)
काला1 (dual nominative)
कालाः (nominative plural)
कालासः1 (nominative plural)
काल (singular vocative)
कालौ (dual vocative)
काला1 (dual vocative)
कालाः (plural vocative)
कालासः1 (plural vocative)
कालम् (accusative singular)
कालौ (accusative dual)
काला1 (accusative dual)
कालान् (accusative plural)
कालेन (instrumental singular)
कालाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कालैः (instrumental plural)
कालेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कालाय (dative singular)
कालाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कालेभ्यः (dative plural)
कालात् (ablative singular)
कालाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कालेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कालस्य (genitive singular)
कालयोः (dual genitive)
कालानाम् (genitive plural)
काले (locative singular)
कालयोः (dual locative)
कालेषु (locative plural)

Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *kār; compare Tamil கார் (kār, “black”), கரு (karu), Kannada ಕಾಡು (kāḍu, “blackness, black”), ಕಪ್ಪು (kappu).


रुधिर

rudhirá (romanization)
रुधिरः (nominative singular)
रुधिरौ (dual nominative)
रुधिरा1 (dual nominative)
रुधिराः (nominative plural)
रुधिरासः1 (nominative plural)
रुधिर (singular vocative)
रुधिरौ (dual vocative)
रुधिरा1 (dual vocative)
रुधिराः (plural vocative)
रुधिरासः1 (plural vocative)
रुधिरम् (accusative singular)
रुधिरौ (accusative dual)
रुधिरा1 (accusative dual)
रुधिरान् (accusative plural)
रुधिरेण (instrumental singular)
रुधिराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रुधिरैः (instrumental plural)
रुधिरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
रुधिराय (dative singular)
रुधिराभ्याम् (dative dual)
रुधिरेभ्यः (dative plural)
रुधिरात् (ablative singular)
रुधिराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रुधिरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रुधिरस्य (genitive singular)
रुधिरयोः (dual genitive)
रुधिराणाम् (genitive plural)
रुधिरे (locative singular)
रुधिरयोः (dual locative)
रुधिरेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hrudʰrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrudʰrás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰrós (“red”), from *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬙𐬀- (raoⁱδita-), Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós) Latin ruber, Tocharian A rtär, Tocharian B ratre, Old Church Slavonic рудъ (rudŭ), Lithuanian raúdas, Old English rēad (whence English red).
The epenthesis of -i- from expected *rudhrá is due to influence by रुधिक्रा (rudhikrā́).


रक्त

rakta (romanization)
रक्तः (nominative singular)
रक्तौ (dual nominative)
रक्ता1 (dual nominative)
रक्ताः (nominative plural)
रक्तासः1 (nominative plural)
रक्त (singular vocative)
रक्तौ (dual vocative)
रक्ता1 (dual vocative)
रक्ताः (plural vocative)
रक्तासः1 (plural vocative)
रक्तम् (accusative singular)
रक्तौ (accusative dual)
रक्ता1 (accusative dual)
रक्तान् (accusative plural)
रक्तेन (instrumental singular)
रक्ताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रक्तैः (instrumental plural)
रक्तेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
रक्ताय (dative singular)
रक्ताभ्याम् (dative dual)
रक्तेभ्यः (dative plural)
रक्तात् (ablative singular)
रक्ताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रक्तेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रक्तस्य (genitive singular)
रक्तयोः (dual genitive)
रक्तानाम् (genitive plural)
रक्ते (locative singular)
रक्तयोः (dual locative)
रक्तेषु (locative plural)

From the root verb रञ्ज् (rañj, “to redden”), from Proto-Indo-European *reg- (“to dye”). Cognate with Persian رخش (raxš), Sogdian [script needed] (rɣš- /raxš/, “Rakhsh”), Khwarezmian rxtk (raxtak, “red”), Mazanderani رش (raš, “red (of cattle)”), Northern Kurdish reş (“black”).

cog

name of a plant:
Rubia munjista L. (Indian madder)


श्याम

sa-adj

श्याम • (śyāmá) stem

śyāmá (romanization)
श्यामः (nominative singular)
श्यामौ (dual nominative)
श्यामा1 (dual nominative)
श्यामाः (nominative plural)
श्यामासः1 (nominative plural)
श्याम (singular vocative)
श्यामौ (dual vocative)
श्यामा1 (dual vocative)
श्यामाः (plural vocative)
श्यामासः1 (plural vocative)
श्यामम् (accusative singular)
श्यामौ (accusative dual)
श्यामा1 (accusative dual)
श्यामान् (accusative plural)
श्यामेन (instrumental singular)
श्यामाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्यामैः (instrumental plural)
श्यामेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
श्यामाय (dative singular)
श्यामाभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्यामेभ्यः (dative plural)
श्यामात् (ablative singular)
श्यामाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्यामेभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्यामस्य (genitive singular)
श्यामयोः (dual genitive)
श्यामानाम् (genitive plural)
श्यामे (locative singular)
श्यामयोः (dual locative)
श्यामेषु (locative plural)
श्यामा (nominative singular)
श्यामे (dual nominative)
श्यामाः (nominative plural)
श्यामे (singular vocative)
श्यामे (dual vocative)
श्यामाः (plural vocative)
श्यामाम् (accusative singular)
श्यामे (accusative dual)
श्यामाः (accusative plural)
श्यामया (instrumental singular)
श्यामा1 (instrumental singular)
श्यामाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्यामाभिः (instrumental plural)
श्यामायै (dative singular)
श्यामाभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्यामाभ्यः (dative plural)
श्यामायाः (ablative singular)
श्यामायै2 (ablative singular)
श्यामाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्यामाभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्यामायाः (genitive singular)
श्यामायै2 (genitive singular)
श्यामयोः (dual genitive)
श्यामानाम् (genitive plural)
श्यामायाम् (locative singular)
श्यामयोः (dual locative)
श्यामासु (locative plural)
श्यामम् (nominative singular)
श्यामे (dual nominative)
श्यामानि (nominative plural)
श्यामा1 (nominative plural)
श्याम (singular vocative)
श्यामे (dual vocative)
श्यामानि (plural vocative)
श्यामा1 (plural vocative)
श्यामम् (accusative singular)
श्यामे (accusative dual)
श्यामानि (accusative plural)
श्यामा1 (accusative plural)
श्यामेन (instrumental singular)
श्यामाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्यामैः (instrumental plural)
श्यामेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
श्यामाय (dative singular)
श्यामाभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्यामेभ्यः (dative plural)
श्यामात् (ablative singular)
श्यामाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्यामेभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्यामस्य (genitive singular)
श्यामयोः (dual genitive)
श्यामानाम् (genitive plural)
श्यामे (locative singular)
श्यामयोः (dual locative)
श्यामेषु (locative plural)

Pali: sāma

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀫 (sāma)

Gujarati: સામ (sām)

→ Gujarati: શ્યામ (śyām) (learned)

→ Hindi: श्याम (śyām) (learned)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćyaHmás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱyeh₁-mó-s (“black, dark”), from *(s)ḱeh₃- (“darkness, shadow”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬁𐬨𐬀 (sāma, “black”), Lithuanian šė̃mas (“blue-grey”). Compare also श्याव (śyāvá, “dark-brown, brown, dark-coloured, dark”). Historically connected with the root श्यै (śyai, “to freeze”).

inh

श्यामश्च त्वा मा शबलश्च प्रेषितौ यमस्य यौ पथिरक्षी श्वानौ ।

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 8.1.9

Let neither the black dog or the brown dog seize thee; those two warders of the way sent forth by Yama.

śyāmaśca tvā mā śabalaśca preṣitau yamasya yau pathirakṣī śvānau.

black, dark-coloured, dark blue or brown or grey or green, sable, having a dark or swarthy complexion (considered a mark of beauty)


कपि

kapi (romanization)
कपिः (nominative singular)
कपी (dual nominative)
कपयः (nominative plural)
कपे (singular vocative)
कपी (dual vocative)
कपयः (plural vocative)
कपिम् (accusative singular)
कपी (accusative dual)
कपीन् (accusative plural)
कपिना (instrumental singular)
कप्या1 (instrumental singular)
कपिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कपिभिः (instrumental plural)
कपये (dative singular)
कपिभ्याम् (dative dual)
कपिभ्यः (dative plural)
कपेः (ablative singular)
कप्यः1 (ablative singular)
कपिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कपिभ्यः (ablative plural)
कपेः (genitive singular)
कप्यः1 (genitive singular)
कप्योः (dual genitive)
कपीनाम् (genitive plural)
कपौ (locative singular)
कपा1 (locative singular)
कप्योः (dual locative)
कपिषु (locative plural)

Pali: kapi

A foreign Wanderwort, likely borrowed from a western substrate. The same Wanderwort may be reflected in Hebrew קוֹף (qōf), Akkadian uqūpu, Egyptian gfj, Middle Persian [script needed] (kpyk' /kabīg/), Ancient Greek κῆπος (kêpos, “long-tailed monkey”), and Proto-Germanic *apô (“ape, monkey”).


हरित्

harít (romanization)
हरित् (nominative singular)
हरितौ (dual nominative)
हरिता1 (dual nominative)
हरितः (nominative plural)
हरित् (singular vocative)
हरितौ (dual vocative)
हरिता1 (dual vocative)
हरितः (plural vocative)
हरितम् (accusative singular)
हरितौ (accusative dual)
हरिता1 (accusative dual)
हरितः (accusative plural)
हरिता (instrumental singular)
हरिद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हरिद्भिः (instrumental plural)
हरिते (dative singular)
हरिद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
हरिद्भ्यः (dative plural)
हरितः (ablative singular)
हरिद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
हरिद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
हरितः (genitive singular)
हरितोः (dual genitive)
हरिताम् (genitive plural)
हरिति (locative singular)
हरितोः (dual locative)
हरित्सु (locative plural)
हरित् (nominative singular)
हरितौ (dual nominative)
हरिता1 (dual nominative)
हरितः (nominative plural)
हरित् (singular vocative)
हरितौ (dual vocative)
हरिता1 (dual vocative)
हरितः (plural vocative)
हरितम् (accusative singular)
हरितौ (accusative dual)
हरिता1 (accusative dual)
हरितः (accusative plural)
हरिता (instrumental singular)
हरिद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हरिद्भिः (instrumental plural)
हरिते (dative singular)
हरिद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
हरिद्भ्यः (dative plural)
हरितः (ablative singular)
हरिद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
हरिद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
हरितः (genitive singular)
हरितोः (dual genitive)
हरिताम् (genitive plural)
हरिति (locative singular)
हरितोः (dual locative)
हरित्सु (locative plural)
हरित् (nominative singular)
हरिती (dual nominative)
हरिन्ति (nominative plural)
हरित् (singular vocative)
हरिती (dual vocative)
हरिन्ति (plural vocative)
हरित् (accusative singular)
हरिती (accusative dual)
हरिन्ति (accusative plural)
हरिता (instrumental singular)
हरिद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हरिद्भिः (instrumental plural)
हरिते (dative singular)
हरिद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
हरिद्भ्यः (dative plural)
हरितः (ablative singular)
हरिद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
हरिद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
हरितः (genitive singular)
हरितोः (dual genitive)
हरिताम् (genitive plural)
हरिति (locative singular)
हरितोः (dual locative)
हरित्सु (locative plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-
Proto-Indo-European *-is
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰárHiš
Sanskrit हरि (hari)
Sanskrit हरित् (harit)
From हरि (hári, “yellow, green”); see there for more.

etymon

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda


अरुण

aruṇá (romanization)
अरुणः (nominative singular)
अरुणौ (dual nominative)
अरुणा1 (dual nominative)
अरुणाः (nominative plural)
अरुणासः1 (nominative plural)
अरुण (singular vocative)
अरुणौ (dual vocative)
अरुणा1 (dual vocative)
अरुणाः (plural vocative)
अरुणासः1 (plural vocative)
अरुणम् (accusative singular)
अरुणौ (accusative dual)
अरुणा1 (accusative dual)
अरुणान् (accusative plural)
अरुणेन (instrumental singular)
अरुणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अरुणैः (instrumental plural)
अरुणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अरुणाय (dative singular)
अरुणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अरुणेभ्यः (dative plural)
अरुणात् (ablative singular)
अरुणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अरुणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अरुणस्य (genitive singular)
अरुणयोः (dual genitive)
अरुणानाम् (genitive plural)
अरुणे (locative singular)
अरुणयोः (dual locative)
अरुणेषु (locative plural)
अरुणा (nominative singular)
अरुणे (dual nominative)
अरुणाः (nominative plural)
अरुणे (singular vocative)
अरुणे (dual vocative)
अरुणाः (plural vocative)
अरुणाम् (accusative singular)
अरुणे (accusative dual)
अरुणाः (accusative plural)
अरुणया (instrumental singular)
अरुणा1 (instrumental singular)
अरुणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अरुणाभिः (instrumental plural)
अरुणायै (dative singular)
अरुणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अरुणाभ्यः (dative plural)
अरुणायाः (ablative singular)
अरुणायै2 (ablative singular)
अरुणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अरुणाभ्यः (ablative plural)
अरुणायाः (genitive singular)
अरुणायै2 (genitive singular)
अरुणयोः (dual genitive)
अरुणानाम् (genitive plural)
अरुणायाम् (locative singular)
अरुणयोः (dual locative)
अरुणासु (locative plural)
अरुणी (nominative singular)
अरुण्यौ (dual nominative)
अरुणी1 (dual nominative)
अरुण्यः (nominative plural)
अरुणीः1 (nominative plural)
अरुणि (singular vocative)
अरुण्यौ (dual vocative)
अरुणी1 (dual vocative)
अरुण्यः (plural vocative)
अरुणीः1 (plural vocative)
अरुणीम् (accusative singular)
अरुण्यौ (accusative dual)
अरुणी1 (accusative dual)
अरुणीः (accusative plural)
अरुण्या (instrumental singular)
अरुणीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अरुणीभिः (instrumental plural)
अरुण्यै (dative singular)
अरुणीभ्याम् (dative dual)
अरुणीभ्यः (dative plural)
अरुण्याः (ablative singular)
अरुण्यै2 (ablative singular)
अरुणीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अरुणीभ्यः (ablative plural)
अरुण्याः (genitive singular)
अरुण्यै2 (genitive singular)
अरुण्योः (dual genitive)
अरुणीनाम् (genitive plural)
अरुण्याम् (locative singular)
अरुण्योः (dual locative)
अरुणीषु (locative plural)
अरुणम् (nominative singular)
अरुणे (dual nominative)
अरुणानि (nominative plural)
अरुणा1 (nominative plural)
अरुण (singular vocative)
अरुणे (dual vocative)
अरुणानि (plural vocative)
अरुणा1 (plural vocative)
अरुणम् (accusative singular)
अरुणे (accusative dual)
अरुणानि (accusative plural)
अरुणा1 (accusative plural)
अरुणेन (instrumental singular)
अरुणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अरुणैः (instrumental plural)
अरुणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अरुणाय (dative singular)
अरुणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अरुणेभ्यः (dative plural)
अरुणात् (ablative singular)
अरुणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अरुणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अरुणस्य (genitive singular)
अरुणयोः (dual genitive)
अरुणानाम् (genitive plural)
अरुणे (locative singular)
अरुणयोः (dual locative)
अरुणेषु (locative plural)


अरुण

aruṇá (romanization)
अरुणः (nominative singular)
अरुणौ (dual nominative)
अरुणा1 (dual nominative)
अरुणाः (nominative plural)
अरुणासः1 (nominative plural)
अरुण (singular vocative)
अरुणौ (dual vocative)
अरुणा1 (dual vocative)
अरुणाः (plural vocative)
अरुणासः1 (plural vocative)
अरुणम् (accusative singular)
अरुणौ (accusative dual)
अरुणा1 (accusative dual)
अरुणान् (accusative plural)
अरुणेन (instrumental singular)
अरुणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अरुणैः (instrumental plural)
अरुणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अरुणाय (dative singular)
अरुणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अरुणेभ्यः (dative plural)
अरुणात् (ablative singular)
अरुणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अरुणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अरुणस्य (genitive singular)
अरुणयोः (dual genitive)
अरुणानाम् (genitive plural)
अरुणे (locative singular)
अरुणयोः (dual locative)
अरुणेषु (locative plural)

Malayalam: അരുൺ (aruṇ), അരുണൻ (aruṇaṉ)

→ Old Javanese: aruṇa

Telugu: అరుణము (aruṇamu)

Telugu: అరుణ (aruṇa)

Bengali: অরুণ (orun)

Thai: อรุณ (à-run)


पाण्डु

sa-noun

पाण्डु • (pāṇḍu) stem, m

Derived from a substrate language, from which *पण्ड्र (paṇḍra), पुण्ड्र (puṇḍra), पुण्ड्ररीक (puṇḍrarīka), and Prakrit 𑀧𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂 (paḍḍe) were also derived. Compare Malayalam പാണ്ട് (pāṇṭŭ, “albinoism”) and Santali ᱯᱳᱱᱰ (ponḍ).


कूर्म

kūrma (romanization)
कूर्मः (nominative singular)
कूर्मौ (dual nominative)
कूर्मा1 (dual nominative)
कूर्माः (nominative plural)
कूर्मासः1 (nominative plural)
कूर्म (singular vocative)
कूर्मौ (dual vocative)
कूर्मा1 (dual vocative)
कूर्माः (plural vocative)
कूर्मासः1 (plural vocative)
कूर्मम् (accusative singular)
कूर्मौ (accusative dual)
कूर्मा1 (accusative dual)
कूर्मान् (accusative plural)
कूर्मेण (instrumental singular)
कूर्माभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कूर्मैः (instrumental plural)
कूर्मेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कूर्माय (dative singular)
कूर्माभ्याम् (dative dual)
कूर्मेभ्यः (dative plural)
कूर्मात् (ablative singular)
कूर्माभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कूर्मेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कूर्मस्य (genitive singular)
कूर्मयोः (dual genitive)
कूर्माणाम् (genitive plural)
कूर्मे (locative singular)
कूर्मयोः (dual locative)
कूर्मेषु (locative plural)

Pali: kumma

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫 (kumma)

desc

⇒ Punjabi: ਕੱਛੂਕੁੰਮਾ (kacchūkummā, “tortoise”)

→ Tamil: கூர்மம் (kūrmam) (learned)

→ Telugu: కూర్మము (kūrmamu) (learned)

Given the unusual word structure and the semantic domain, probably a substrate loanword. Might be from the same family of words relating to "curved objects" with a ku- prefix as कुम्भ "water pot, pot"; कुण्ड or कुण्डी"water pot, pot"; कुम्बीर "crocodile"; कश्यप "tortoise, turtle"; कुष्माण्ड "pumpkin"; कूप "well"; कुब्ज "humpbacked"; and कलश "pitcher".

one of the outer winds of the body (causing the closing of the eyes)


मञ्जिष्ठ

sa-adj

मञ्जिष्ठ • (mañjiṣṭha) stem

Pali: mañjeṭṭha, mañjeṭṭhaka

Prakrit: 𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞 (maṃjiṭṭha)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani: majīṭā, maĩṭā

desc

Hindi: मजीठा, मैँटा

Hindi: मजीठा, मैँटा

Urdu: مَجِیٹَہ (majīṭa), مَیںٹَہ (ma͠iṭa)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Bihari: मजीठा (majīṭhā), मैँजीठा (maĩṭhā)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: mãjīṭhā, majīṭhā, majīṭhuṛ

Gurmukhi script: ਮਁਜੀਠਾ, ਮਜੀਠਾ, ਮਜੀਠੁਰ

Gurmukhi script: ਮਁਜੀਠਾ, ਮਜੀਠਾ, ਮਜੀਠੁਰ

Shahmukhi script: مَںجِیٹھَہ, مَجِیٹھَہ, مَجِیٹھُڑ

Sindhi: māñuṭho

Arabic script: مَاڃُٺو

Devanagari script: माञुठो

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: මදට (madaṭa)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Old Marathi: माजिठें (mājiṭheṃ)

From मञ्ज् (mañj, “to cleanse or be bright”).

very bright, bright red (as Indian madder)


केकर

kekara (romanization)
केकरः (nominative singular)
केकरौ (dual nominative)
केकरा1 (dual nominative)
केकराः (nominative plural)
केकरासः1 (nominative plural)
केकर (singular vocative)
केकरौ (dual vocative)
केकरा1 (dual vocative)
केकराः (plural vocative)
केकरासः1 (plural vocative)
केकरम् (accusative singular)
केकरौ (accusative dual)
केकरा1 (accusative dual)
केकरान् (accusative plural)
केकरेण (instrumental singular)
केकराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
केकरैः (instrumental plural)
केकरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
केकराय (dative singular)
केकराभ्याम् (dative dual)
केकरेभ्यः (dative plural)
केकरात् (ablative singular)
केकराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
केकरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
केकरस्य (genitive singular)
केकरयोः (dual genitive)
केकराणाम् (genitive plural)
केकरे (locative singular)
केकरयोः (dual locative)
केकरेषु (locative plural)
केकरा (nominative singular)
केकरे (dual nominative)
केकराः (nominative plural)
केकरे (singular vocative)
केकरे (dual vocative)
केकराः (plural vocative)
केकराम् (accusative singular)
केकरे (accusative dual)
केकराः (accusative plural)
केकरया (instrumental singular)
केकरा1 (instrumental singular)
केकराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
केकराभिः (instrumental plural)
केकरायै (dative singular)
केकराभ्याम् (dative dual)
केकराभ्यः (dative plural)
केकरायाः (ablative singular)
केकरायै2 (ablative singular)
केकराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
केकराभ्यः (ablative plural)
केकरायाः (genitive singular)
केकरायै2 (genitive singular)
केकरयोः (dual genitive)
केकराणाम् (genitive plural)
केकरायाम् (locative singular)
केकरयोः (dual locative)
केकरासु (locative plural)
केकरम् (nominative singular)
केकरे (dual nominative)
केकराणि (nominative plural)
केकरा1 (nominative plural)
केकर (singular vocative)
केकरे (dual vocative)
केकराणि (plural vocative)
केकरा1 (plural vocative)
केकरम् (accusative singular)
केकरे (accusative dual)
केकराणि (accusative plural)
केकरा1 (accusative plural)
केकरेण (instrumental singular)
केकराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
केकरैः (instrumental plural)
केकरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
केकराय (dative singular)
केकराभ्याम् (dative dual)
केकरेभ्यः (dative plural)
केकरात् (ablative singular)
केकराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
केकरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
केकरस्य (genitive singular)
केकरयोः (dual genitive)
केकराणाम् (genitive plural)
केकरे (locative singular)
केकरयोः (dual locative)
केकरेषु (locative plural)

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ikos (“one-eyed, blind”). Compare Latin caecus (“blind”), Irish caoch (“blind, purblind”), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍃 (haihs, “one eyed”),


बभ्रु

babhrú (romanization)
बभ्रुः (nominative singular)
बभ्रू (dual nominative)
बभ्रवः (nominative plural)
बभ्रो (singular vocative)
बभ्रू (dual vocative)
बभ्रवः (plural vocative)
बभ्रुम् (accusative singular)
बभ्रू (accusative dual)
बभ्रून् (accusative plural)
बभ्रुणा (instrumental singular)
बभ्र्वा1 (instrumental singular)
बभ्रुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बभ्रुभिः (instrumental plural)
बभ्रवे (dative singular)
बभ्रुभ्याम् (dative dual)
बभ्रुभ्यः (dative plural)
बभ्रोः (ablative singular)
बभ्रुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बभ्रुभ्यः (ablative plural)
बभ्रोः (genitive singular)
बभ्र्वोः (dual genitive)
बभ्रूणाम् (genitive plural)
बभ्रौ (locative singular)
बभ्र्वोः (dual locative)
बभ्रुषु (locative plural)
बभ्रूः (nominative singular)
बभ्र्वौ (dual nominative)
बभ्रू1 (dual nominative)
बभ्र्वः (nominative plural)
बभ्रूः1 (nominative plural)
बभ्रु (singular vocative)
बभ्र्वौ (dual vocative)
बभ्रू1 (dual vocative)
बभ्र्वः (plural vocative)
बभ्रूः1 (plural vocative)
बभ्रूम् (accusative singular)
बभ्र्वौ (accusative dual)
बभ्रू1 (accusative dual)
बभ्रूः (accusative plural)
बभ्र्वा (instrumental singular)
बभ्रूभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बभ्रूभिः (instrumental plural)
बभ्र्वै (dative singular)
बभ्रूभ्याम् (dative dual)
बभ्रूभ्यः (dative plural)
बभ्र्वाः (ablative singular)
बभ्र्वै2 (ablative singular)
बभ्रूभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बभ्रूभ्यः (ablative plural)
बभ्र्वाः (genitive singular)
बभ्र्वै2 (genitive singular)
बभ्र्वोः (dual genitive)
बभ्रूणाम् (genitive plural)
बभ्र्वाम् (locative singular)
बभ्र्वोः (dual locative)
बभ्रूषु (locative plural)
बभ्रु (nominative singular)
बभ्रुणी (dual nominative)
बभ्रूणि (nominative plural)
बभ्रु1 (nominative plural)
बभ्रू1 (nominative plural)
बभ्रु (singular vocative)
बभ्रो (singular vocative)
बभ्रुणी (dual vocative)
बभ्रूणि (plural vocative)
बभ्रु1 (plural vocative)
बभ्रू1 (plural vocative)
बभ्रु (accusative singular)
बभ्रुणी (accusative dual)
बभ्रूणि (accusative plural)
बभ्रु1 (accusative plural)
बभ्रू1 (accusative plural)
बभ्रुणा (instrumental singular)
बभ्र्वा1 (instrumental singular)
बभ्रुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बभ्रुभिः (instrumental plural)
बभ्रुणे (dative singular)
बभ्रवे1 (dative singular)
बभ्रुभ्याम् (dative dual)
बभ्रुभ्यः (dative plural)
बभ्रुणः (ablative singular)
बभ्रोः1 (ablative singular)
बभ्रुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बभ्रुभ्यः (ablative plural)
बभ्रुणः (genitive singular)
बभ्रोः1 (genitive singular)
बभ्रुणोः (dual genitive)
बभ्रूणाम् (genitive plural)
बभ्रुणि (locative singular)
बभ्रौ1 (locative singular)
बभ्रुणोः (dual locative)
बभ्रुषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰebʰrús (“brown”). See Etymology 2 for more.

ए॒ते अ॑सृग्रमा॒शवोऽति॒ ह्वरां॑सि ब॒भ्रव॑:।
सोमा॑ ऋ॒तस्य॒ धार॑या॥
eté asṛgramāśávóʼti hvárāṃsi babhráva:.
sómā ṛtásya dhā́rayā.

These swift-flowing tawny-coloured Soma juices, with a stream of water are let loose upon the rākṣasas.


श्याव

sa-adj

श्याव • (śyāvá) stem

śyāvá (romanization)
श्यावः (nominative singular)
श्यावौ (dual nominative)
श्यावा1 (dual nominative)
श्यावाः (nominative plural)
श्यावासः1 (nominative plural)
श्याव (singular vocative)
श्यावौ (dual vocative)
श्यावा1 (dual vocative)
श्यावाः (plural vocative)
श्यावासः1 (plural vocative)
श्यावम् (accusative singular)
श्यावौ (accusative dual)
श्यावा1 (accusative dual)
श्यावान् (accusative plural)
श्यावेन (instrumental singular)
श्यावाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्यावैः (instrumental plural)
श्यावेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
श्यावाय (dative singular)
श्यावाभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्यावेभ्यः (dative plural)
श्यावात् (ablative singular)
श्यावाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्यावेभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्यावस्य (genitive singular)
श्यावयोः (dual genitive)
श्यावानाम् (genitive plural)
श्यावे (locative singular)
श्यावयोः (dual locative)
श्यावेषु (locative plural)
श्यावा (nominative singular)
श्यावे (dual nominative)
श्यावाः (nominative plural)
श्यावे (singular vocative)
श्यावे (dual vocative)
श्यावाः (plural vocative)
श्यावाम् (accusative singular)
श्यावे (accusative dual)
श्यावाः (accusative plural)
श्यावया (instrumental singular)
श्यावा1 (instrumental singular)
श्यावाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्यावाभिः (instrumental plural)
श्यावायै (dative singular)
श्यावाभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्यावाभ्यः (dative plural)
श्यावायाः (ablative singular)
श्यावायै2 (ablative singular)
श्यावाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्यावाभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्यावायाः (genitive singular)
श्यावायै2 (genitive singular)
श्यावयोः (dual genitive)
श्यावानाम् (genitive plural)
श्यावायाम् (locative singular)
श्यावयोः (dual locative)
श्यावासु (locative plural)
श्यावम् (nominative singular)
श्यावे (dual nominative)
श्यावानि (nominative plural)
श्यावा1 (nominative plural)
श्याव (singular vocative)
श्यावे (dual vocative)
श्यावानि (plural vocative)
श्यावा1 (plural vocative)
श्यावम् (accusative singular)
श्यावे (accusative dual)
श्यावानि (accusative plural)
श्यावा1 (accusative plural)
श्यावेन (instrumental singular)
श्यावाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्यावैः (instrumental plural)
श्यावेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
श्यावाय (dative singular)
श्यावाभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्यावेभ्यः (dative plural)
श्यावात् (ablative singular)
श्यावाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्यावेभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्यावस्य (genitive singular)
श्यावयोः (dual genitive)
श्यावानाम् (genitive plural)
श्यावे (locative singular)
श्यावयोः (dual locative)
श्यावेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Khowar: ݰا (ṣa)

Ashokan Prakrit:

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: سائو / साओ (sāo, “green”)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćyaHwás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱyeh₁-wó-s (“dark; deep brown”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀 (siiāuua), Persian سیاه (siyâh, “black”), Russian сивый (sivyj, “grey”), Lithuanian šývas (“light grey”), Old English hīew (whence English hue).


श्याव

śyāva (romanization)
श्यावः (nominative singular)
श्यावौ (dual nominative)
श्यावा1 (dual nominative)
श्यावाः (nominative plural)
श्यावासः1 (nominative plural)
श्याव (singular vocative)
श्यावौ (dual vocative)
श्यावा1 (dual vocative)
श्यावाः (plural vocative)
श्यावासः1 (plural vocative)
श्यावम् (accusative singular)
श्यावौ (accusative dual)
श्यावा1 (accusative dual)
श्यावान् (accusative plural)
श्यावेन (instrumental singular)
श्यावाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्यावैः (instrumental plural)
श्यावेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
श्यावाय (dative singular)
श्यावाभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्यावेभ्यः (dative plural)
श्यावात् (ablative singular)
श्यावाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्यावेभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्यावस्य (genitive singular)
श्यावयोः (dual genitive)
श्यावानाम् (genitive plural)
श्यावे (locative singular)
श्यावयोः (dual locative)
श्यावेषु (locative plural)


असित

ásita (romanization)
असितः (nominative singular)
असितौ (dual nominative)
असिता1 (dual nominative)
असिताः (nominative plural)
असितासः1 (nominative plural)
असित (singular vocative)
असितौ (dual vocative)
असिता1 (dual vocative)
असिताः (plural vocative)
असितासः1 (plural vocative)
असितम् (accusative singular)
असितौ (accusative dual)
असिता1 (accusative dual)
असितान् (accusative plural)
असितेन (instrumental singular)
असिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
असितैः (instrumental plural)
असितेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
असिताय (dative singular)
असिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
असितेभ्यः (dative plural)
असितात् (ablative singular)
असिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
असितेभ्यः (ablative plural)
असितस्य (genitive singular)
असितयोः (dual genitive)
असितानाम् (genitive plural)
असिते (locative singular)
असितयोः (dual locative)
असितेषु (locative plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hásitas
Sanskrit असित (asita)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hásitas, further perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₂nsi- (“dark, black”). Cognate with Younger Avestan 𐬁𐬵𐬌𐬙𐬀 (āhita, “tainted, unclean”), Khotanese [script needed] (hätänai, “red”).
The Indo-European source is reconstructed based on a comparison with Hittite [script needed] (ḫa-an-za-na-aš /ḫanzana-/, “black; web”), and Ancient Greek ἄσις (ásis, “slime, mud”), but this is uncertain.


रोहित

róhita (romanization)
रोहितः (nominative singular)
रोहितौ (dual nominative)
रोहिता1 (dual nominative)
रोहिताः (nominative plural)
रोहितासः1 (nominative plural)
रोहित (singular vocative)
रोहितौ (dual vocative)
रोहिता1 (dual vocative)
रोहिताः (plural vocative)
रोहितासः1 (plural vocative)
रोहितम् (accusative singular)
रोहितौ (accusative dual)
रोहिता1 (accusative dual)
रोहितान् (accusative plural)
रोहितेन (instrumental singular)
रोहिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रोहितैः (instrumental plural)
रोहितेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
रोहिताय (dative singular)
रोहिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
रोहितेभ्यः (dative plural)
रोहितात् (ablative singular)
रोहिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रोहितेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रोहितस्य (genitive singular)
रोहितयोः (dual genitive)
रोहितानाम् (genitive plural)
रोहिते (locative singular)
रोहितयोः (dual locative)
रोहितेषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀭𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀅 (rohia)

Assamese: ৰৌ (rou)

Bengali: রুই (rui)

Bhojpuri: रोहू (rōhū)

Gujarati: રોહુ (rohu)

Hindi: रोहू (rohū), रेहू (rehū)

Marathi: रोही (rohī)

Odia: ରୋହି (rohi), ରୋଇ (roi), ରୁଇ (rui)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਰੋਹੂ (rohū)

Shahmukhi script: رہو (rohū)

Sylheti: ꠞꠃ (rou)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hráwdʰitas (“red”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬙𐬀 (raoⁱδita), English red. Also related to लोहित (lóhita), लोह (lohá) and रुधिर (rudhira, “red”).


नयनपुट

nayanapuṭa (romanization)
नयनपुटः (nominative singular)
नयनपुटौ (dual nominative)
नयनपुटाः (nominative plural)
नयनपुट (singular vocative)
नयनपुटौ (dual vocative)
नयनपुटाः (plural vocative)
नयनपुटम् (accusative singular)
नयनपुटौ (accusative dual)
नयनपुटान् (accusative plural)
नयनपुटेन (instrumental singular)
नयनपुटाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नयनपुटैः (instrumental plural)
नयनपुटाय (dative singular)
नयनपुटाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नयनपुटेभ्यः (dative plural)
नयनपुटात् (ablative singular)
नयनपुटाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नयनपुटेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नयनपुटस्य (genitive singular)
नयनपुटयोः (dual genitive)
नयनपुटानाम् (genitive plural)
नयनपुटे (locative singular)
नयनपुटयोः (dual locative)
नयनपुटेषु (locative plural)
नयनपुटम् (nominative singular)
नयनपुटे (dual nominative)
नयनपुटानि (nominative plural)
नयनपुट (singular vocative)
नयनपुटे (dual vocative)
नयनपुटानि (plural vocative)
नयनपुटम् (accusative singular)
नयनपुटे (accusative dual)
नयनपुटानि (accusative plural)
नयनपुटेन (instrumental singular)
नयनपुटाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नयनपुटैः (instrumental plural)
नयनपुटाय (dative singular)
नयनपुटाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नयनपुटेभ्यः (dative plural)
नयनपुटात् (ablative singular)
नयनपुटाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नयनपुटेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नयनपुटस्य (genitive singular)
नयनपुटयोः (dual genitive)
नयनपुटानाम् (genitive plural)
नयनपुटे (locative singular)
नयनपुटयोः (dual locative)
नयनपुटेषु (locative plural)

Compound of नयन (nayana, “eye”) + पुट (puṭa, “covering”); coined by Varāhamihira.


नेत्रच्छद

netracchada (romanization)
नेत्रच्छदः (nominative singular)
नेत्रच्छदौ (dual nominative)
नेत्रच्छदाः (nominative plural)
नेत्रच्छद (singular vocative)
नेत्रच्छदौ (dual vocative)
नेत्रच्छदाः (plural vocative)
नेत्रच्छदम् (accusative singular)
नेत्रच्छदौ (accusative dual)
नेत्रच्छदान् (accusative plural)
नेत्रच्छदेन (instrumental singular)
नेत्रच्छदाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नेत्रच्छदैः (instrumental plural)
नेत्रच्छदाय (dative singular)
नेत्रच्छदाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नेत्रच्छदेभ्यः (dative plural)
नेत्रच्छदात् (ablative singular)
नेत्रच्छदाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नेत्रच्छदेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नेत्रच्छदस्य (genitive singular)
नेत्रच्छदयोः (dual genitive)
नेत्रच्छदानाम् (genitive plural)
नेत्रच्छदे (locative singular)
नेत्रच्छदयोः (dual locative)
नेत्रच्छदेषु (locative plural)

/n̪eːt̪ˈɾɐt̪.t͡ɕʰɐ.d̪ɐ/

[n̪eːt̪ˈɾɐt̪̚.t͡ɕʰɐ.d̪ɐ]

Compound of नेत्र (netra, “eye”) + -च्- (-c-) + छद (chada, “covering”).


स्वद्

head

स्वद् • (svad)

sa-root

स्वद् • (svad)

From Proto-Indo-European *sweh₂d- (“sweet”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἡδῠ́ς (hēdús), ἡδονή (hēdonḗ, “delight, taste”) whence English hedonism; Latin suādeō, suavis; English sweet.


लोहित

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hráwdʰitas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬙𐬀 (raoⁱδita), English red. Doublet of रोहित (rohita). Also related to रुधिर (rudhira, “red”).

नी॒ल॒लो॒हि॒तं भ॑वति कृ॒त्यास॒क्तिर्व्य॑ज्यते ।
एध॑न्ते अस्या ज्ञा॒तयः॒ पति॑र्ब॒न्धेषु॑ बध्यते ॥
nīlalohitáṃ bhavati kṛtyā́saktírvyajyate.

She [the bride] is blue and red in hue; the female imp who clings close is driven away.
The kinsmen of this bride thrive well and her husband is securely bound by the bond [of marriage].

édhante asyā jñātáyaḥ pátirbandhéṣu badhyate.

स एकव्रात्योऽभवत्स धनुरादत्त तदेवेन्द्रधनुः ॥ नीलमस्योदरं लोहितं पृष्ठम् ॥
sa ekavrātyoʼbhavatsa dhanurādatta tadevendradhanuḥ. nīlamasyodaraṃ lohitaṃ pṛṣṭham.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 15.1

He became Chief Vrātya. He held a bow, even that Bow of Indra. His belly is dark-blue, his back is red.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda


लोहित

lóhita (romanization)
लोहितः (nominative singular)
लोहितौ (dual nominative)
लोहिता1 (dual nominative)
लोहिताः (nominative plural)
लोहितासः1 (nominative plural)
लोहित (singular vocative)
लोहितौ (dual vocative)
लोहिता1 (dual vocative)
लोहिताः (plural vocative)
लोहितासः1 (plural vocative)
लोहितम् (accusative singular)
लोहितौ (accusative dual)
लोहिता1 (accusative dual)
लोहितान् (accusative plural)
लोहितेन (instrumental singular)
लोहिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
लोहितैः (instrumental plural)
लोहितेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
लोहिताय (dative singular)
लोहिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
लोहितेभ्यः (dative plural)
लोहितात् (ablative singular)
लोहिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
लोहितेभ्यः (ablative plural)
लोहितस्य (genitive singular)
लोहितयोः (dual genitive)
लोहितानाम् (genitive plural)
लोहिते (locative singular)
लोहितयोः (dual locative)
लोहितेषु (locative plural)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਲੋਹੂ (lohū)

Sindhi: لوهوُ (lohū)

Dardic:

Kalasha: ḷúi

Khowar: لیے (ley)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀮𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀅 (lohia)

Marathi: लोही (lohī)

Gujarati: લોહી (lohī)

Pali: lohita

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindi: लहू (lahū)

Urdu: لَہُو (lahū)

Punjabi: ਲਹੂ (lahū)

desctree

Romani: lolo
Erromintxela: lolo
Tavringer Romani: lollo, lolo

c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa


कद्रु

kádru (romanization)
कद्रुः (nominative singular)
कद्रू (dual nominative)
कद्रवः (nominative plural)
कद्रो (singular vocative)
कद्रू (dual vocative)
कद्रवः (plural vocative)
कद्रुम् (accusative singular)
कद्रू (accusative dual)
कद्रून् (accusative plural)
कद्रुणा (instrumental singular)
कद्र्वा1 (instrumental singular)
कद्रुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कद्रुभिः (instrumental plural)
कद्रवे (dative singular)
कद्रुभ्याम् (dative dual)
कद्रुभ्यः (dative plural)
कद्रोः (ablative singular)
कद्रुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कद्रुभ्यः (ablative plural)
कद्रोः (genitive singular)
कद्र्वोः (dual genitive)
कद्रूणाम् (genitive plural)
कद्रौ (locative singular)
कद्र्वोः (dual locative)
कद्रुषु (locative plural)

→ Indonesian: kadru (learned)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *kádruṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kádruš, perhaps from the the BMAC substrate.


पिञ्जर

piñjara (romanization)
पिञ्जरः (nominative singular)
पिञ्जरौ (dual nominative)
पिञ्जरा1 (dual nominative)
पिञ्जराः (nominative plural)
पिञ्जरासः1 (nominative plural)
पिञ्जर (singular vocative)
पिञ्जरौ (dual vocative)
पिञ्जरा1 (dual vocative)
पिञ्जराः (plural vocative)
पिञ्जरासः1 (plural vocative)
पिञ्जरम् (accusative singular)
पिञ्जरौ (accusative dual)
पिञ्जरा1 (accusative dual)
पिञ्जरान् (accusative plural)
पिञ्जरेण (instrumental singular)
पिञ्जराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पिञ्जरैः (instrumental plural)
पिञ्जरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पिञ्जराय (dative singular)
पिञ्जराभ्याम् (dative dual)
पिञ्जरेभ्यः (dative plural)
पिञ्जरात् (ablative singular)
पिञ्जराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पिञ्जरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पिञ्जरस्य (genitive singular)
पिञ्जरयोः (dual genitive)
पिञ्जराणाम् (genitive plural)
पिञ्जरे (locative singular)
पिञ्जरयोः (dual locative)
पिञ्जरेषु (locative plural)
पिञ्जरा (nominative singular)
पिञ्जरे (dual nominative)
पिञ्जराः (nominative plural)
पिञ्जरे (singular vocative)
पिञ्जरे (dual vocative)
पिञ्जराः (plural vocative)
पिञ्जराम् (accusative singular)
पिञ्जरे (accusative dual)
पिञ्जराः (accusative plural)
पिञ्जरया (instrumental singular)
पिञ्जरा1 (instrumental singular)
पिञ्जराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पिञ्जराभिः (instrumental plural)
पिञ्जरायै (dative singular)
पिञ्जराभ्याम् (dative dual)
पिञ्जराभ्यः (dative plural)
पिञ्जरायाः (ablative singular)
पिञ्जरायै2 (ablative singular)
पिञ्जराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पिञ्जराभ्यः (ablative plural)
पिञ्जरायाः (genitive singular)
पिञ्जरायै2 (genitive singular)
पिञ्जरयोः (dual genitive)
पिञ्जराणाम् (genitive plural)
पिञ्जरायाम् (locative singular)
पिञ्जरयोः (dual locative)
पिञ्जरासु (locative plural)
पिञ्जरम् (nominative singular)
पिञ्जरे (dual nominative)
पिञ्जराणि (nominative plural)
पिञ्जरा1 (nominative plural)
पिञ्जर (singular vocative)
पिञ्जरे (dual vocative)
पिञ्जराणि (plural vocative)
पिञ्जरा1 (plural vocative)
पिञ्जरम् (accusative singular)
पिञ्जरे (accusative dual)
पिञ्जराणि (accusative plural)
पिञ्जरा1 (accusative plural)
पिञ्जरेण (instrumental singular)
पिञ्जराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पिञ्जरैः (instrumental plural)
पिञ्जरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पिञ्जराय (dative singular)
पिञ्जराभ्याम् (dative dual)
पिञ्जरेभ्यः (dative plural)
पिञ्जरात् (ablative singular)
पिञ्जराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पिञ्जरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पिञ्जरस्य (genitive singular)
पिञ्जरयोः (dual genitive)
पिञ्जराणाम् (genitive plural)
पिञ्जरे (locative singular)
पिञ्जरयोः (dual locative)
पिञ्जरेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *pingalás ~ pinȷ́arás (“tawny, reddish”), from Proto-Indo-European *peyǵ- ~ *pi-n-ǵ-, a variant of *peyḱ- (“to mark, paint; spot, color”), whence Latin pingō (“to decorate; to paint”). Compare also the dialectal variant पिङ्गल (piṅgalá), as well as Hurrian 𒉿𒅔𒅗𒊏𒀭𒉡 (pi-in-ka-ra-an-nu /pinkara-nnu/), an ancient borrowing from Mitanni Indo-Aryan.
The attestation of this word appears relatively late, i.e., in the Mahabharata, but the word itself existed in Vedic Sanskrit as evidenced by the attestation of the term शष्पिञ्जर (śaṣpíñjara, “yellow like young grass”) in Vedic.

cog

/ˈpiɲ.d͡ʑɐ.ɾɐ/

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

reddish-yellow, tawny; yellow, gold-colored


पिञ्जर

piñjara (romanization)
पिञ्जरः (nominative singular)
पिञ्जरौ (dual nominative)
पिञ्जरा1 (dual nominative)
पिञ्जराः (nominative plural)
पिञ्जरासः1 (nominative plural)
पिञ्जर (singular vocative)
पिञ्जरौ (dual vocative)
पिञ्जरा1 (dual vocative)
पिञ्जराः (plural vocative)
पिञ्जरासः1 (plural vocative)
पिञ्जरम् (accusative singular)
पिञ्जरौ (accusative dual)
पिञ्जरा1 (accusative dual)
पिञ्जरान् (accusative plural)
पिञ्जरेण (instrumental singular)
पिञ्जराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पिञ्जरैः (instrumental plural)
पिञ्जरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पिञ्जराय (dative singular)
पिञ्जराभ्याम् (dative dual)
पिञ्जरेभ्यः (dative plural)
पिञ्जरात् (ablative singular)
पिञ्जराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पिञ्जरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पिञ्जरस्य (genitive singular)
पिञ्जरयोः (dual genitive)
पिञ्जराणाम् (genitive plural)
पिञ्जरे (locative singular)
पिञ्जरयोः (dual locative)
पिञ्जरेषु (locative plural)

/ˈpiɲ.d͡ʑɐ.ɾɐ/


पिङ्ग

piṅga (romanization)
पिङ्गः (nominative singular)
पिङ्गौ (dual nominative)
पिङ्गा1 (dual nominative)
पिङ्गाः (nominative plural)
पिङ्गासः1 (nominative plural)
पिङ्ग (singular vocative)
पिङ्गौ (dual vocative)
पिङ्गा1 (dual vocative)
पिङ्गाः (plural vocative)
पिङ्गासः1 (plural vocative)
पिङ्गम् (accusative singular)
पिङ्गौ (accusative dual)
पिङ्गा1 (accusative dual)
पिङ्गान् (accusative plural)
पिङ्गेन (instrumental singular)
पिङ्गाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पिङ्गैः (instrumental plural)
पिङ्गेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पिङ्गाय (dative singular)
पिङ्गाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पिङ्गेभ्यः (dative plural)
पिङ्गात् (ablative singular)
पिङ्गाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पिङ्गेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पिङ्गस्य (genitive singular)
पिङ्गयोः (dual genitive)
पिङ्गानाम् (genitive plural)
पिङ्गे (locative singular)
पिङ्गयोः (dual locative)
पिङ्गेषु (locative plural)
पिङ्गा (nominative singular)
पिङ्गे (dual nominative)
पिङ्गाः (nominative plural)
पिङ्गे (singular vocative)
पिङ्गे (dual vocative)
पिङ्गाः (plural vocative)
पिङ्गाम् (accusative singular)
पिङ्गे (accusative dual)
पिङ्गाः (accusative plural)
पिङ्गया (instrumental singular)
पिङ्गा1 (instrumental singular)
पिङ्गाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पिङ्गाभिः (instrumental plural)
पिङ्गायै (dative singular)
पिङ्गाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पिङ्गाभ्यः (dative plural)
पिङ्गायाः (ablative singular)
पिङ्गायै2 (ablative singular)
पिङ्गाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पिङ्गाभ्यः (ablative plural)
पिङ्गायाः (genitive singular)
पिङ्गायै2 (genitive singular)
पिङ्गयोः (dual genitive)
पिङ्गानाम् (genitive plural)
पिङ्गायाम् (locative singular)
पिङ्गयोः (dual locative)
पिङ्गासु (locative plural)
पिङ्गम् (nominative singular)
पिङ्गे (dual nominative)
पिङ्गानि (nominative plural)
पिङ्गा1 (nominative plural)
पिङ्ग (singular vocative)
पिङ्गे (dual vocative)
पिङ्गानि (plural vocative)
पिङ्गा1 (plural vocative)
पिङ्गम् (accusative singular)
पिङ्गे (accusative dual)
पिङ्गानि (accusative plural)
पिङ्गा1 (accusative plural)
पिङ्गेन (instrumental singular)
पिङ्गाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पिङ्गैः (instrumental plural)
पिङ्गेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पिङ्गाय (dative singular)
पिङ्गाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पिङ्गेभ्यः (dative plural)
पिङ्गात् (ablative singular)
पिङ्गाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पिङ्गेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पिङ्गस्य (genitive singular)
पिङ्गयोः (dual genitive)
पिङ्गानाम् (genitive plural)
पिङ्गे (locative singular)
पिङ्गयोः (dual locative)
पिङ्गेषु (locative plural)

Derived from the root पिञ्ज् (piñj), from there uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *peyḱ- (“to mark, paint”).


नीललोहित

nīlalohitá (romanization)
नीललोहितः (nominative singular)
नीललोहितौ (dual nominative)
नीललोहिता1 (dual nominative)
नीललोहिताः (nominative plural)
नीललोहितासः1 (nominative plural)
नीललोहित (singular vocative)
नीललोहितौ (dual vocative)
नीललोहिता1 (dual vocative)
नीललोहिताः (plural vocative)
नीललोहितासः1 (plural vocative)
नीललोहितम् (accusative singular)
नीललोहितौ (accusative dual)
नीललोहिता1 (accusative dual)
नीललोहितान् (accusative plural)
नीललोहितेन (instrumental singular)
नीललोहिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नीललोहितैः (instrumental plural)
नीललोहितेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नीललोहिताय (dative singular)
नीललोहिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
नीललोहितेभ्यः (dative plural)
नीललोहितात् (ablative singular)
नीललोहिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नीललोहितेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नीललोहितस्य (genitive singular)
नीललोहितयोः (dual genitive)
नीललोहितानाम् (genitive plural)
नीललोहिते (locative singular)
नीललोहितयोः (dual locative)
नीललोहितेषु (locative plural)
नीललोहिता (nominative singular)
नीललोहिते (dual nominative)
नीललोहिताः (nominative plural)
नीललोहिते (singular vocative)
नीललोहिते (dual vocative)
नीललोहिताः (plural vocative)
नीललोहिताम् (accusative singular)
नीललोहिते (accusative dual)
नीललोहिताः (accusative plural)
नीललोहितया (instrumental singular)
नीललोहिता1 (instrumental singular)
नीललोहिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नीललोहिताभिः (instrumental plural)
नीललोहितायै (dative singular)
नीललोहिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
नीललोहिताभ्यः (dative plural)
नीललोहितायाः (ablative singular)
नीललोहितायै2 (ablative singular)
नीललोहिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नीललोहिताभ्यः (ablative plural)
नीललोहितायाः (genitive singular)
नीललोहितायै2 (genitive singular)
नीललोहितयोः (dual genitive)
नीललोहितानाम् (genitive plural)
नीललोहितायाम् (locative singular)
नीललोहितयोः (dual locative)
नीललोहितासु (locative plural)
नीललोहितम् (nominative singular)
नीललोहिते (dual nominative)
नीललोहितानि (nominative plural)
नीललोहिता1 (nominative plural)
नीललोहित (singular vocative)
नीललोहिते (dual vocative)
नीललोहितानि (plural vocative)
नीललोहिता1 (plural vocative)
नीललोहितम् (accusative singular)
नीललोहिते (accusative dual)
नीललोहितानि (accusative plural)
नीललोहिता1 (accusative plural)
नीललोहितेन (instrumental singular)
नीललोहिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नीललोहितैः (instrumental plural)
नीललोहितेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नीललोहिताय (dative singular)
नीललोहिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
नीललोहितेभ्यः (dative plural)
नीललोहितात् (ablative singular)
नीललोहिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नीललोहितेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नीललोहितस्य (genitive singular)
नीललोहितयोः (dual genitive)
नीललोहितानाम् (genitive plural)
नीललोहिते (locative singular)
नीललोहितयोः (dual locative)
नीललोहितेषु (locative plural)

From नील (nīla, “dark colour; dark blue”) + लोहित (lohita, “red”).

com

द्रापे॒ अन्ध॑सस्पते॒ दरि॑द्र॒न्-नील॑लोहित ।
ए॒षां पुरु॑षाणामे॒षां प॑शू॒नां मा भेर्माऽरो॒ मो ए॑षां॒ किञ्च॒नाम॑मत् ।
drā́pe ándhasaspate dáridran-nī́lalohita.

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) IV.5.10.1

O pursuer, O lord of the Soma plants, O waster, [you who are] red and blue,
Do not frighten or injure any of these people, or these cattle;
May none one of these be injured.

eṣā́ṃ púruṣāṇāmeṣā́ṃ paśūnā́ṃ mā́ bhérmā́ʼro mó eṣāṃ kíñcanā́mamat.


शिरःपीडा

sa-noun

शिरःपीडा • (śiraḥpīḍā) stem, f

śiraḥpīḍā (romanization)
शिरःपीडा (nominative singular)
शिरःपीडे (dual nominative)
शिरःपीडाः (nominative plural)
शिरःपीडे (singular vocative)
शिरःपीडे (dual vocative)
शिरःपीडाः (plural vocative)
शिरःपीडाम् (accusative singular)
शिरःपीडे (accusative dual)
शिरःपीडाः (accusative plural)
शिरःपीडया (instrumental singular)
शिरःपीडा1 (instrumental singular)
शिरःपीडाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शिरःपीडाभिः (instrumental plural)
शिरःपीडायै (dative singular)
शिरःपीडाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शिरःपीडाभ्यः (dative plural)
शिरःपीडायाः (ablative singular)
शिरःपीडायै2 (ablative singular)
शिरःपीडाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शिरःपीडाभ्यः (ablative plural)
शिरःपीडायाः (genitive singular)
शिरःपीडायै2 (genitive singular)
शिरःपीडयोः (dual genitive)
शिरःपीडानाम् (genitive plural)
शिरःपीडायाम् (locative singular)
शिरःपीडयोः (dual locative)
शिरःपीडासु (locative plural)

[ɕi.ɾɐɸ.piː.ɖɑː]

/ɕi.ɾɐhˈpiː.ɖɑː/

Compound of शिरः (śíraḥ, “head”) + पीडा (pīḍā́, “pain, ache”).


रौक्म

raukma (romanization)
रौक्मः (nominative singular)
रौक्मौ (dual nominative)
रौक्माः (nominative plural)
रौक्म (singular vocative)
रौक्मौ (dual vocative)
रौक्माः (plural vocative)
रौक्मम् (accusative singular)
रौक्मौ (accusative dual)
रौक्मान् (accusative plural)
रौक्मेण (instrumental singular)
रौक्माभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रौक्मैः (instrumental plural)
रौक्माय (dative singular)
रौक्माभ्याम् (dative dual)
रौक्मेभ्यः (dative plural)
रौक्मात् (ablative singular)
रौक्माभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रौक्मेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रौक्मस्य (genitive singular)
रौक्मयोः (dual genitive)
रौक्माणाम् (genitive plural)
रौक्मे (locative singular)
रौक्मयोः (dual locative)
रौक्मेषु (locative plural)
रौक्मी (nominative singular)
रौक्म्यौ (dual nominative)
रौक्म्यः (nominative plural)
रौक्मि (singular vocative)
रौक्म्यौ (dual vocative)
रौक्म्यः (plural vocative)
रौक्मीम् (accusative singular)
रौक्म्यौ (accusative dual)
रौक्मीः (accusative plural)
रौक्म्या (instrumental singular)
रौक्मीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रौक्मीभिः (instrumental plural)
रौक्म्यै (dative singular)
रौक्मीभ्याम् (dative dual)
रौक्मीभ्यः (dative plural)
रौक्म्याः (ablative singular)
रौक्मीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रौक्मीभ्यः (ablative plural)
रौक्म्याः (genitive singular)
रौक्म्योः (dual genitive)
रौक्मीणाम् (genitive plural)
रौक्म्याम् (locative singular)
रौक्म्योः (dual locative)
रौक्मीषु (locative plural)
रौक्मम् (nominative singular)
रौक्मे (dual nominative)
रौक्माणि (nominative plural)
रौक्म (singular vocative)
रौक्मे (dual vocative)
रौक्माणि (plural vocative)
रौक्मम् (accusative singular)
रौक्मे (accusative dual)
रौक्माणि (accusative plural)
रौक्मेण (instrumental singular)
रौक्माभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रौक्मैः (instrumental plural)
रौक्माय (dative singular)
रौक्माभ्याम् (dative dual)
रौक्मेभ्यः (dative plural)
रौक्मात् (ablative singular)
रौक्माभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रौक्मेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रौक्मस्य (genitive singular)
रौक्मयोः (dual genitive)
रौक्माणाम् (genitive plural)
रौक्मे (locative singular)
रौक्मयोः (dual locative)
रौक्मेषु (locative plural)

Vṛddhi derivative of रुक्म n (rukma, “gold”, literally “shining; bright; radiant”), from the root रुच् (ruc, “to shine”).

vrddhi

c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

उग्रसेनसुतः कंसः स्वसुः प्रियचिकीर्षया। रश्मीन् हयानां जग्राह रौक्मै रथशतैर्वृतः॥
ugrasenasutaḥ kaṃsaḥ svasuḥ priyacikīrṣayā. raśmīn hayānāṃ jagrāha raukmai rathaśatairvṛtaḥ.

c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 10.1.30

Kaṃsa, the son of King Ugrasena, in order to please his sister Devakī on the occasion of her marriage, took charge of the reins of the horses and became the chariot driver. He was surrounded by hundreds of golden chariots.

(Classical Sanskrit) golden (made of, adorned with, or of the colour of gold)


दूषीका

sa-noun

दूषीका • (dūṣī́kā) stem, f

dūṣī́kā (romanization)
दूषीका (nominative singular)
दूषीके (dual nominative)
दूषीकाः (nominative plural)
दूषीके (singular vocative)
दूषीके (dual vocative)
दूषीकाः (plural vocative)
दूषीकाम् (accusative singular)
दूषीके (accusative dual)
दूषीकाः (accusative plural)
दूषीकया (instrumental singular)
दूषीका1 (instrumental singular)
दूषीकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दूषीकाभिः (instrumental plural)
दूषीकायै (dative singular)
दूषीकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दूषीकाभ्यः (dative plural)
दूषीकायाः (ablative singular)
दूषीकायै2 (ablative singular)
दूषीकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दूषीकाभ्यः (ablative plural)
दूषीकायाः (genitive singular)
दूषीकायै2 (genitive singular)
दूषीकयोः (dual genitive)
दूषीकाणाम् (genitive plural)
दूषीकायाम् (locative singular)
दूषीकयोः (dual locative)
दूषीकासु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀤𑀽𑀲𑀺𑀆 (dūsiā)

/d̪uːˈʂiː.kɑː/

From the root दुष् (duṣ, “to spoil, become impure”).

sa-root

विधृ॑तिं॒ नाभ्या॑ धृ॒तँ रसे॑ना॒पो यू॒ष्णा मरी॑चीर्वि॒प्रुड्भि॑र्नीहा॒रमू॒ष्मणा॑ शी॒नं वस॑या॒ प्रुष्वा॒ अश्रु॑भिर्ह्रा॒दुनी॑र्दू॒षीका॑भिर्अ॒स्ना रक्षाँ॑सि चि॒त्राण्यङ्गै॒र्नक्षत्राणि रू॒पेण॑ पृथि॒वीं त्व॒चा जु॑म्ब॒काय॒ स्वाहा॑ ॥
vídhṛtiṃ nā́bhyā dhṛtám̐ rásenāpó yūṣṇā́ márīcīrviprúḍbhirnīhārámūṣmáṇā śīnáṃ vásayā prúṣvā áśrubhirhrādúnīrdūṣī́kābhirasnā́ rákṣām̐si citrā́ṇyáṅgairnákṣátrā́ṇí rūpéṇa pṛthivī́ṃ tvacā́ jumbakā́ya svā́hā.
I gratify Separation with his navel;
Butter with his flavour;
the Waters with his broth;
Sunbeams with his drops of fat;
Hoarfrost with his heat;
Ice with his marrow;
Hailstones with his tears;
Thunderbolts with his eye-rheum;

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Śukla-Yajurveda (Vājasenayi Saṃhitā) 25.9

Bright things with his limbs;
Stars with his beauty;
Earth with his skin.
All-hail to Jumbaka!


फल्गु

phalgú (romanization)
फल्गुः (nominative singular)
फल्गू (dual nominative)
फल्गवः (nominative plural)
फल्गो (singular vocative)
फल्गू (dual vocative)
फल्गवः (plural vocative)
फल्गुम् (accusative singular)
फल्गू (accusative dual)
फल्गून् (accusative plural)
फल्गुना (instrumental singular)
फल्ग्वा1 (instrumental singular)
फल्गुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
फल्गुभिः (instrumental plural)
फल्गवे (dative singular)
फल्गुभ्याम् (dative dual)
फल्गुभ्यः (dative plural)
फल्गोः (ablative singular)
फल्गुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
फल्गुभ्यः (ablative plural)
फल्गोः (genitive singular)
फल्ग्वोः (dual genitive)
फल्गूनाम् (genitive plural)
फल्गौ (locative singular)
फल्ग्वोः (dual locative)
फल्गुषु (locative plural)
फल्गुः (nominative singular)
फल्गू (dual nominative)
फल्गवः (nominative plural)
फल्गो (singular vocative)
फल्गू (dual vocative)
फल्गवः (plural vocative)
फल्गुम् (accusative singular)
फल्गू (accusative dual)
फल्गूः (accusative plural)
फल्ग्वा (instrumental singular)
फल्गुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
फल्गुभिः (instrumental plural)
फल्गवे (dative singular)
फल्ग्वै1 (dative singular)
फल्गुभ्याम् (dative dual)
फल्गुभ्यः (dative plural)
फल्गोः (ablative singular)
फल्ग्वाः1 (ablative singular)
फल्ग्वै2 (ablative singular)
फल्गुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
फल्गुभ्यः (ablative plural)
फल्गोः (genitive singular)
फल्ग्वाः1 (genitive singular)
फल्ग्वै2 (genitive singular)
फल्ग्वोः (dual genitive)
फल्गूनाम् (genitive plural)
फल्गौ (locative singular)
फल्ग्वाम्1 (locative singular)
फल्ग्वोः (dual locative)
फल्गुषु (locative plural)
फल्गूः (nominative singular)
फल्ग्वौ (dual nominative)
फल्गू1 (dual nominative)
फल्ग्वः (nominative plural)
फल्गूः1 (nominative plural)
फल्गु (singular vocative)
फल्ग्वौ (dual vocative)
फल्गू1 (dual vocative)
फल्ग्वः (plural vocative)
फल्गूः1 (plural vocative)
फल्गूम् (accusative singular)
फल्ग्वौ (accusative dual)
फल्गू1 (accusative dual)
फल्गूः (accusative plural)
फल्ग्वा (instrumental singular)
फल्गूभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
फल्गूभिः (instrumental plural)
फल्ग्वै (dative singular)
फल्गूभ्याम् (dative dual)
फल्गूभ्यः (dative plural)
फल्ग्वाः (ablative singular)
फल्ग्वै2 (ablative singular)
फल्गूभ्याम् (ablative dual)
फल्गूभ्यः (ablative plural)
फल्ग्वाः (genitive singular)
फल्ग्वै2 (genitive singular)
फल्ग्वोः (dual genitive)
फल्गूनाम् (genitive plural)
फल्ग्वाम् (locative singular)
फल्ग्वोः (dual locative)
फल्गूषु (locative plural)
फल्ग्वी (nominative singular)
फल्ग्व्यौ (dual nominative)
फल्ग्वी1 (dual nominative)
फल्ग्व्यः (nominative plural)
फल्ग्वीः1 (nominative plural)
फल्ग्वि (singular vocative)
फल्ग्व्यौ (dual vocative)
फल्ग्वी1 (dual vocative)
फल्ग्व्यः (plural vocative)
फल्ग्वीः1 (plural vocative)
फल्ग्वीम् (accusative singular)
फल्ग्व्यौ (accusative dual)
फल्ग्वी1 (accusative dual)
फल्ग्वीः (accusative plural)
फल्ग्व्या (instrumental singular)
फल्ग्वीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
फल्ग्वीभिः (instrumental plural)
फल्ग्व्यै (dative singular)
फल्ग्वीभ्याम् (dative dual)
फल्ग्वीभ्यः (dative plural)
फल्ग्व्याः (ablative singular)
फल्ग्व्यै2 (ablative singular)
फल्ग्वीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
फल्ग्वीभ्यः (ablative plural)
फल्ग्व्याः (genitive singular)
फल्ग्व्यै2 (genitive singular)
फल्ग्व्योः (dual genitive)
फल्ग्वीनाम् (genitive plural)
फल्ग्व्याम् (locative singular)
फल्ग्व्योः (dual locative)
फल्ग्वीषु (locative plural)
फल्गु (nominative singular)
फल्गुनी (dual nominative)
फल्गूनि (nominative plural)
फल्गु1 (nominative plural)
फल्गू1 (nominative plural)
फल्गु (singular vocative)
फल्गो (singular vocative)
फल्गुनी (dual vocative)
फल्गूनि (plural vocative)
फल्गु1 (plural vocative)
फल्गू1 (plural vocative)
फल्गु (accusative singular)
फल्गुनी (accusative dual)
फल्गूनि (accusative plural)
फल्गु1 (accusative plural)
फल्गू1 (accusative plural)
फल्गुना (instrumental singular)
फल्ग्वा1 (instrumental singular)
फल्गुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
फल्गुभिः (instrumental plural)
फल्गुने (dative singular)
फल्गवे1 (dative singular)
फल्गुभ्याम् (dative dual)
फल्गुभ्यः (dative plural)
फल्गुनः (ablative singular)
फल्गोः1 (ablative singular)
फल्गुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
फल्गुभ्यः (ablative plural)
फल्गुनः (genitive singular)
फल्गोः1 (genitive singular)
फल्गुनोः (dual genitive)
फल्गूनाम् (genitive plural)
फल्गुनि (locative singular)
फल्गौ1 (locative singular)
फल्गुनोः (dual locative)
फल्गुषु (locative plural)

Unknown, several possibilities are proposed. The original meaning appears to be "red".
* Connections with स्फुलिङ्ग (sphuliṅga, “spark”) and स्फुल् (sphul, “to throb”) are phonetically dubious.
* Derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)bʰel- (“to burst”) (with a -g- extention), possibly alongside फल (phala, “fruit”) and स्फुट् (sphuṭ, “burst”) (see there for more).
* Derived from Munda, whence Santali [script needed] (po̠dgo̠e, “reddish”) and probably पाटल (pāṭala, “pale red”).
* Of uncertain relation to Classical Syriac ܦܓܐ (phagga, “fig”) and Latin fīcus.


फल्गु

phalgú (romanization)
फल्गुः (nominative singular)
फल्गू (dual nominative)
फल्गवः (nominative plural)
फल्गो (singular vocative)
फल्गू (dual vocative)
फल्गवः (plural vocative)
फल्गुम् (accusative singular)
फल्गू (accusative dual)
फल्गूः (accusative plural)
फल्ग्वा (instrumental singular)
फल्गुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
फल्गुभिः (instrumental plural)
फल्गवे (dative singular)
फल्ग्वै1 (dative singular)
फल्गुभ्याम् (dative dual)
फल्गुभ्यः (dative plural)
फल्गोः (ablative singular)
फल्ग्वाः1 (ablative singular)
फल्ग्वै2 (ablative singular)
फल्गुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
फल्गुभ्यः (ablative plural)
फल्गोः (genitive singular)
फल्ग्वाः1 (genitive singular)
फल्ग्वै2 (genitive singular)
फल्ग्वोः (dual genitive)
फल्गूनाम् (genitive plural)
फल्गौ (locative singular)
फल्ग्वाम्1 (locative singular)
फल्ग्वोः (dual locative)
फल्गुषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

⇒ Phalura: phaág

Kashmiri: پھوگ (phōg)

Pali: phaggu

desc

Prakrit: 𑀨𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼 (phaggu, “spring festival”)

Hindi: फाग (phāg), फाक (phāk), फगुआ (phaguā)

Marathi: फाग (phāg)

Gujarati: ફાગ (phāg)

a red powder (usually of the root of wild ginger, coloured with sapan wood and thrown over one another by the Hindus at the Holi festival)