एक

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *éy?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háykas
Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háykas
Sanskrit एक (eka)
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háykas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háykas, from Proto-Indo-European *(H)óykos (“one, single”).


एक

éka (romanization)
एकम् (nominative singular)
एके (dual nominative)
एकानि (nominative plural)
एका1 (nominative plural)
एक (singular vocative)
एके (dual vocative)
एकानि (plural vocative)
एका1 (plural vocative)
एकम् (accusative singular)
एके (accusative dual)
एकानि (accusative plural)
एका1 (accusative plural)
एकेन (instrumental singular)
एकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
एकैः (instrumental plural)
एकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
एकाय (dative singular)
एकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
एकेभ्यः (dative plural)
एकात् (ablative singular)
एकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
एकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
एकस्य (genitive singular)
एकयोः (dual genitive)
एकानाम् (genitive plural)
एके (locative singular)
एकयोः (dual locative)
एकेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

desc

Kalami: [script needed] (ak), [script needed] (akh)

Gawar-Bati: یَک (yak)

Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (ak)

Kalasha: ek

Kashmiri:

Arabic script: اَکھ (akh)

Devanagari script: अख (akh)

Khowar: اِ (i)

Phalura: آکھ (āk), آ (ā)

Shina: ایٗک (aík)

Savi: [script needed] (yak), [script needed] (ek)

Shumashti: [script needed] (yek)

Tirahi: [script needed] (īk)

Torwali: [script needed] (ē), [script needed] (ēk)

Ushojo: اک (ak)

Eastern:

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: এক (ek), এ- (e-)

Bengali: এক (ek)

Bhojpuri: एगो (ēgō)

Maithili: एक (ēk)

Odia: ଏ (e)

Rohingya: [script needed] (ek)

Southern:

Elu:

Dhivehi: އެއް (ek̊)

Sinhalese: එක (eka)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: एक (ēk)

Marathi: एक (ek)

desctree

Pali: eka
→ Burmese: ဧက (eka.)
→ Khmer: ឯក (ʼaek)
→ Lao: ເອກ (ʼēk)
→ Thai: เอก (èek)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓 (ekka)
Apabhramsa: एक्क (ekka)
Central:
Old Hindi: एक (eka), इक (ika), हेक (heka)
Hindustani: ek
Hindi: एक
Urdu: ایک
Northern:
Garhwali: यक (yak)
Nepali: एक (ek)
Dogri:
Devanagari script: इक (ik)
Dogra script: 𑠂𑠊 (ika)
Northwestern:
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਇੱਕ (ikka)
Shahmukhi script: اِکّ (īkk)
Western:
Saurashtra: ꢫꣂꢔ꣄ (yōg)
Gujarati: એક (eka)
Romani: jekh, ekh, yek, ek, äk, ăc
Angloromani: yek
 (see there for further descendants)

Northern:

Sindhi: هڪ (hik)

desc

Lahnda: [script needed] (hekk), [script needed] (hikk)

Kumaoni: एक (ek)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: eka
Javanese: ꦲꦺꦏ (éka)
→ Balinese: ᬏᬓ (éka)

→ Kannada: ಏಕ (ēka)

→ Malay: ايک (eka)

Indonesian: eka

→ Malayalam: ഏക (ēka), ഏകം (ēkaṁ)

→ Santali: ᱮᱠᱚ (ekô)

→ Telugu: ఏకము (ēkamu)

→ Thai: เอก (èek)

→ Prasuni: [script needed] (ipin)

→ Waigali: [script needed] (ew)

unity, a unit (at the end of a compound)


अग्नि

agní (romanization)
अग्निः (nominative singular)
अग्नी (dual nominative)
अग्नयः (nominative plural)
अग्ने (singular vocative)
अग्नी (dual vocative)
अग्नयः (plural vocative)
अग्निम् (accusative singular)
अग्नी (accusative dual)
अग्नीन् (accusative plural)
अग्निना (instrumental singular)
अग्न्या1 (instrumental singular)
अग्निभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अग्निभिः (instrumental plural)
अग्नये (dative singular)
अग्निभ्याम् (dative dual)
अग्निभ्यः (dative plural)
अग्नेः (ablative singular)
अग्निभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अग्निभ्यः (ablative plural)
अग्नेः (genitive singular)
अग्न्योः (dual genitive)
अग्नीनाम् (genitive plural)
अग्नौ (locative singular)
अग्ना1 (locative singular)
अग्न्योः (dual locative)
अग्निषु (locative plural)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀅𑀕𑀺 (agi /aggi/) (see there for further descendants)

Dardic:

Kashmiri:

Arabic script: اۆگُن (ogun)

Devanagari script: ऒगुन (ogun)

Sharada script: 𑆏𑆓𑆶𑆤𑇀 (ogun)

Gandhari: 𐨀𐨒𐨁 (agi)

Pali: aggi (see there for further descendants)

→ Assamese: অগ্নি (ogni)

→ Bengali: অগ্নি (ogni) (learned)

→ English: Agni

→ Gujarati: અગ્નિ (agni)

→ Hindustani: (semi-learned)

Hindi: अगन (agan)

Urdu: اگن (agan)

→ Hindustani: (learned)

Hindi: अग्नि (agni)

Urdu: اگنی (agni)

→ Old Javanese: agni, gĕni (see there for further descendants)

→ Kannada: ಅಗ್ನಿ (agni)

→ Lao: ອັກຄະນີ (ʼak kha nī)

→ Old Marathi:

desc

Modi script: 𑘀𑘐𑘿𑘡 (agna), 𑘀𑘐𑘿𑘡𑘲 (agnī), 𑘀𑘕𑘿𑘗𑘲 (ajñī)

Devanagari script: अग्न (agna), अग्नि (agni), अज्ञी (ajñī)

→ Marwari: अगन (agan), अगनी (agnī) (semi-learned)

→ Odia: ଅଗ୍ନି (agni) (learned)

→ Russian: Агни́ (Agní)

→ Tamil: அக்கினி (akkiṉi), அக்னி (akṉi)

→ Malayalam: അഗ്നി (agni)

→ Telugu: అగ్ని (agni)

→ Thai: อัคนี (àk-ká-nii)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hagníṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hagníš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥gʷnís. Cognate with Latin ignis, Old Church Slavonic огнь (ognĭ), ⱁⰳⱀⱐ (ognĭ).


चन्द्र

candrá (romanization)
चन्द्रः (nominative singular)
चन्द्रौ (dual nominative)
चन्द्रा1 (dual nominative)
चन्द्राः (nominative plural)
चन्द्रासः1 (nominative plural)
चन्द्र (singular vocative)
चन्द्रौ (dual vocative)
चन्द्रा1 (dual vocative)
चन्द्राः (plural vocative)
चन्द्रासः1 (plural vocative)
चन्द्रम् (accusative singular)
चन्द्रौ (accusative dual)
चन्द्रा1 (accusative dual)
चन्द्रान् (accusative plural)
चन्द्रेण (instrumental singular)
चन्द्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चन्द्रैः (instrumental plural)
चन्द्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
चन्द्राय (dative singular)
चन्द्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
चन्द्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
चन्द्रात् (ablative singular)
चन्द्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चन्द्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
चन्द्रस्य (genitive singular)
चन्द्रयोः (dual genitive)
चन्द्राणाम् (genitive plural)
चन्द्रे (locative singular)
चन्द्रयोः (dual locative)
चन्द्रेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: ژۆندُر (ċondur)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ހަނދު (haⁿdu)

Sinhalese: හඳ (haⁿda)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: চান্দ (sand)

Bengali: চাঁদ (cãd)

Odia: ଚନ୍ଦ (cåndå)

Rohingya: san

Sylheti: ꠌꠣꠘ꠆ꠖ (sando)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: चंद्रु (candru)

Old Marathi: 𑘓𑘰𑘽𑘟 (cāṃda)

Marathi: चांद (cānda), चंद (canda)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀘𑀁𑀤 (caṃda)

Gujarati: ચાંદ (cā̃d)

Hindustani:

Hindi: चाँद (cā̃d), चांद (cānd)

Urdu: چاند (cānd)

Nepali: चाँद् (cā̃d)

Punjabi: ਚੰਦ (cand), ਚੰਨ (cann)

Marwari: चांद (cā̃d)

Sindhi: چَنڊُ (candu)

Pali: canda

→ Burmese: စန္ဒာ (canda), စန်း (can:)

→ Khmer: ព្រះច័ន្ទ (prĕəh can)

→ Assamese: চন্দ্ৰ (sondro) (learned)

→ Bengali: চন্দ্র (côndrô) (learned)

→ English: Chandra, Chander, Shandra (learned)

→ Burmese: စန္ဒြာ (candra) (learned)

→ Gujarati: ચંદ્ર (candra) (learned)

→ Thai: จันท์ (learned)

→ Hindustani: (learned)

Hindi: चन्द्र (candra), चन्दर (candar)

Urdu: چندر (candra)

→ Indonesian: candra (learned)

→ Kannada: ಚಂದ್ರ (candra) (learned)

→ Konkani: चन्द्र (candr) (learned)

→ Lao: ຈັນ (chan) (learned)

desctree

→ Malay: cendera (learned)
Indonesian: cendera

desc

→ Malayalam: ചന്ദ്രന് (candraṉ) (learned)

→ Marathi: चन्द्र (candra) (learned)

→ Nepali: चन्द्र (candra), चन्द्रमा (candramā) (learned)

→ Odia: ଚନ୍ଦ୍ର (cåndrå) (learned)

→ Punjabi: ਚੰਦ੍ਰ (candr), ਚੰਦਰ (candar) (learned)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: candra (learned)
Javanese: ꦕꦤ꧀ꦢꦿ (candra)
→ Balinese: ᬘᬦ᭄ᬤ᭄ᬭ (candra)

→ Shan: ၸၼ်ႇတႃႇ (tsàn tàa) (learned)

desc

→ Sinhalese: චන්ද්රයා (candrayā) (learned)

→ Lü: ᦶᦈᧃ (ṫsaen) (learned)

→ Tamil: சந்திரன் (cantiraṉ) (learned)

→ Telugu: చంద్రుడు (candruḍu) (learned)

→ Thai: จันทร์ (jan) (learned)

/t͡ɕɐn.dɾɐ́/

/t͡ɕɐn̪.d̪ɾɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *(s)ćandrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *(s)čandrás, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kand-. Doublet of श्चन्द्र (ścandrá, “shining, radiant”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κάνδαρος (kándaros, “charcoal”), Latin candeō, Old Armenian խանդ (xand). See also the root चन्द् (cand, “to shine, be bright, gladden”).

cog

name of one of the ancestors of the गौड (gauḍa) Brahmins


द्व

dvá (romanization)
द्वौ (dual nominative)
द्वा1 (dual nominative)
द्वौ (dual vocative)
द्वा1 (dual vocative)
द्वौ (accusative dual)
द्वा1 (accusative dual)
द्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
द्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
द्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
द्वयोः (dual genitive)
द्वयोः (dual locative)
द्वे (dual nominative)
द्वे (dual vocative)
द्वे (accusative dual)
द्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
द्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
द्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
द्वयोः (dual genitive)
द्वयोः (dual locative)
द्वे (dual nominative)
द्वे (dual vocative)
द्वे (accusative dual)
द्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
द्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
द्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
द्वयोः (dual genitive)
द्वयोः (dual locative)

Dardic:

Dameli: [script needed] (dū)

Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (dū)

Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (dū)

Kalami: [script needed] (dū)

Khowar: ݮُ (ǰu)

Kalasha: [script needed] (dū̆)

Kashmiri: زٕ (zụ)

Grangali: [script needed] (dū)

desc

Phalura: [script needed] (dō), [script needed] (dū)

Savi: [script needed] (dū)

Shina: دُو (du)

Kohistani Shina: دُو (dū)

Ushojo: دُو (dū)

Shumashti: [script needed] (dū)

Tirahi: [script needed] (dū)

Torwali: [script needed] (dū)

Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (dū)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: দুই (dui)

Bengali: দুই (dui)

Rohingya: dui

Bihari:

Maithili: दुइ (duɨ)

Bhojpuri: दुइ (dui)

→ Fiji Hindi: dui

Western:

Marwari: दुइ (dui)

Sindhi: ٻه (ḇa)

Kachchi: ٻه (ḇa)

Saurashtra: ꢣꢷ (dī)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ދެ (de)

Sinhalese: දෙක (deka)

Marathi: दोन (don), बे (be)

Konkani: दोनि (doni)

Northern:

Nepali: दुइ (dui)

Garhwali: द्वि (dvi)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀤𑁄 (do)

Awadhi: दुइ (dui)

Hindustani:

Hindi: दो (do)

Urdu: دو (do)

Punjabi: ਦੋ (do), ਦੁਇ (dui)

Domaaki: [script needed] (dui)

Romani: duj
Traveller Norwegian: dy

Pali: dve, duve

→ Thai: โท (too)

→ Malay: dwi

→ Telugu: ద్వయము (dvayamu)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dwáH
Sanskrit द्व (dva)
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dwáH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dwáH, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁. Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀 (duua), Ancient Greek δύο (dúo), Latin duo, Old English twā (whence English two), Serbo-Croatian, Slovene, Czech, Slovak dva, Russian два (dva), Polish dwa.


दश

dáśa (romanization)
दश (nominative plural)
दश (plural vocative)
दश (accusative plural)
दशभिः (instrumental plural)
दशभ्यः (dative plural)
दशभ्यः (ablative plural)
दशानाम् (genitive plural)
दशसु (locative plural)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀤𑀲 (dasa)

Fiji Hindi: das

Dardic:

Central Dardic:

Chitral:

Kalasha: daš

Khowar: جوش (ǰoš)

Kunar:

Dameli: [script needed] (daš)

Gawar-Shumashti:

Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (dɔš, daš)

Shumashti: [script needed] (däs)

Pashayi: دې (dē)

Eastern Dardic:

Kashmiri: دٔہ (dạh)

Kohistani:

Kohistani-Bashkari:

Bashkari-Torwali:

Kalami: دش (dəš)

Torwali: دش (dəš)

Indus Kohistani:

Kanyawali: [script needed] (däš)

Kohistani: [script needed] (daš)

desc

Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (daš(ə))

Tirahi: [script needed] (dah)

Shina:

Phalura-Savi:

Phalura: داش (dāš)

Savi:

Shina: دَئ (daï)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ދިހަ (diha)

Sinhalese: දහය (dahaya)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀤𑀰 (daśa)

Assamese: দহ (doh)

Bengali: দশ (doś)

Bishnupriya Manipuri: দশ (dôś)

Odia: ଦଶ (daśa)

Rohingya: doc

Sylheti: ꠖꠡ (dośo)

Pali: dasa

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀤𑀲 (dasa), 𑀤𑀳 (daha)

Konkani: धा (dhā)

Marathi: दहा (dahā)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀤𑀲 (dasa)

Gujarati: દશ (daś), દસ (das)

Old Hindi:

Hindustani:

Hindi: दस (das)

Urdu: دس (das)

Nepali: दस (das), दश (daś)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਦਸ (das)

Shahmukhi script: دس (das)

Marwari: दाह (dāh)

Romani: deś, desh (Anglicized), deš (Pan-Vlax)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: daśa (learned)
> Javanese: ꦢꦱ (dasa) (inherited)
→ Balinese: ᬤᬰ (dasa)

→ Khmer: ទស (tŭəh) (learned)

→ Malay: (learned)

Latin script: dasa

Arabic script: داسا

→ Malayalam: ദശം (daśaṁ) (learned)

→ Telugu: దశము (daśamu) (learned)

→ Thai: ทศ (tót) (learned)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dáća
Sanskrit दश (daśa)
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dáśa, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dáća, from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥. Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬯𐬀 (dasa), Ancient Greek δέκα (déka), Latin decem, Old English tīen (whence English ten).


चतुर्

head

चतुर् • (catúr)

catúr (romanization)
चत्वारः (nominative plural)
चत्वारः (plural vocative)
चतुरः (accusative plural)
चतूर्भिः (instrumental plural)
चतूर्भ्यः (dative plural)
चतूर्भ्यः (ablative plural)
चतुर्णाम् (genitive plural)
चतूर्षु (locative plural)
चतस्रः (nominative plural)
चतस्रः (plural vocative)
चतस्रः (accusative plural)
चतसृभिः (instrumental plural)
चतसृभ्यः (dative plural)
चतसृभ्यः (ablative plural)
चतसृणाम् (genitive plural)
चतसृषु (locative plural)
चत्वारि (nominative plural)
चत्वारि (plural vocative)
चत्वारि (accusative plural)
चतूर्भिः (instrumental plural)
चतूर्भ्यः (dative plural)
चतूर्भ्यः (ablative plural)
चतुर्णाम् (genitive plural)
चतूर्षु (locative plural)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀘𑀢𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀭𑁄 (catpāro) (Girnar)

Pali: catur

desc

→ Thai: จัตวา

→ Thai: จัตวา

→ Burmese: စတုတ္ထ (ca.tuthta.)

→ Malay: catur

Indonesian: catur

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀘𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀭𑁄 (cattāro), 𑀘𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀭𑀺 (cattāri) — feminine, 𑀘𑀉𑀭𑁄 (caüro)
Khasa Prakrit:
Nepali: चार (cār)
Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
Assamese: চাৰি (sari)
Bengali: চার (car)
Odia: ଚାରି (cāri)
Sylheti: ꠌꠣꠁꠞ (sair)
Maharastri Prakrit:
Marathi: चार (cār)
Helu Prakrit:
Sinhalese: හතර (hatara)
Dhivehi: ހަތަރު (hataru)
Sauraseni Prakrit:
Saurashtra: ꢗꢵꢬ꣄ (cār)
Domari: štares
Gujarati: ચાર (cār)
Hindi: चार (cār)
Punjabi: ਚਾਰ (cār)
Romani: śtar, shtar (Anglicized), štar (Pan-Vlax)
Sindhi: چارِ
Urdu: چار (cār)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres
Proto-Indo-Iranian *čatwā́ras
Sanskrit चतुर् (catur)
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ćatwā́ras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čatwā́ras, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres. Cognate with Avestan 𐬗𐬀𐬚𐬡𐬀𐬭 (caθβar), Old Armenian չորք (čʻorkʻ), Lithuanian keturi, Old Church Slavonic четꙑре (četyre), Latin quattuor, Old English feower (whence English four).


पञ्चन्

head

पञ्चन् • (páñcan)

páñcan (romanization)
पञ्च (nominative plural)
पञ्च (plural vocative)
पञ्च (accusative plural)
पञ्चभिः (instrumental plural)
पञ्चभ्यः (dative plural)
पञ्चभ्यः (ablative plural)
पञ्चानाम् (genitive plural)
पञ्चसु (locative plural)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀧𑀁𑀘 (paṃca) (see there for further descendants)

Dardic:

Kalasha: ponǰ

Kashmiri: پانٛژھ (pānċh)

Khowar: پونج (ponǰ)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ފަހެހް (faheh)

Sinhalese: පහ (paha)

desctree

Pali: pañca
→ Burmese: ပဉ္စ (panyca.)
→ Khmer: បញ្ច (bɑɑbɑñcɑɑ)
→ Lao: ປັນຈະ (pan cha)
→ Shan: ပဵၼ်ႇၸႃႉ (pàen tsâ̰a)
→ Thai: ปัญจ, เบญจ

→ Malay:

Latin script: panca

Arabic script: ڤنچا

/pɐ́ɲ.t͡ɕɐn/

/pɐɲ.t͡ɕɐn̪/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe
Proto-Indo-Iranian *pánča
Sanskrit पञ्चन् (pañcan)
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *pánća, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pánča, from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe. Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬧𐬗𐬀 (paṇca), Old Church Slavonic пѧть (pętĭ), Lithuanian penki, Albanian pesë, Ancient Greek πέντε (pénte), Latin quinque, Old English fīf (whence English five).


सप्तन्

head

सप्तन् • (saptán)

saptán (romanization)
सप्त (nominative plural)
सप्त (plural vocative)
सप्त (accusative plural)
सप्तभिः (instrumental plural)
सप्तभ्यः (dative plural)
सप्तभ्यः (ablative plural)
सप्तानाम् (genitive plural)
सप्तसु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: سَتھ (sath)

Pali: satta

Indonesian: sapta-

→ Malay: sapta, saptă, سڤتا

→ Telugu: సప్తము (saptamu)

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢 (satta) (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *saptá, from Proto-Indo-European *septḿ̥. Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬞𐬙𐬀 (hapta), Persian هفت (haft), Latin septem, Ancient Greek ἑπτά (heptá), and Old English seofon (whence English seven).

प्र सु व॑ आपो महि॒मान॑मुत्त॒मं का॒रुर्वो॑चाति॒ सद॑ने वि॒वस्व॑तः।
प्र स॒प्तस॑प्त त्रे॒धा हि च॑क्र॒मुः प्र सृत्व॑रीणा॒मति॒ सिन्धु॒रोज॑सा॥
prá sú va āpo mahimā́namuttamáṃ kārúrvocāti sádane vivásvataḥ.

Waters, the worshipper addresses to you excellent praise in the dwelling of the instrumental tutor of the rite;they flowed by sevens through the three worlds; but the Sindhu surpasses all the other streams in strength.

prá saptásapta tredhā́ hí cakramúḥ prá sṛ́tvarīṇāmáti síndhurójasā.


शत

शत • (śatá) n

śatá (romanization)
ī (romanization)
शतम् (nominative singular)
शते (dual nominative)
शतानि (nominative plural)
शता1 (nominative plural)
शत (singular vocative)
शते (dual vocative)
शतानि (plural vocative)
शता1 (plural vocative)
शतम् (accusative singular)
शते (accusative dual)
शतानि (accusative plural)
शता1 (accusative plural)
शतेन (instrumental singular)
शताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शतैः (instrumental plural)
शतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शताय (dative singular)
शताभ्याम् (dative dual)
शतेभ्यः (dative plural)
शतात् (ablative singular)
शताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शतस्य (genitive singular)
शतयोः (dual genitive)
शतानाम् (genitive plural)
शते (locative singular)
शतयोः (dual locative)
शतेषु (locative plural)
शतः (nominative singular)
शतौ (dual nominative)
शता1 (dual nominative)
शताः (nominative plural)
शतासः1 (nominative plural)
शत (singular vocative)
शतौ (dual vocative)
शता1 (dual vocative)
शताः (plural vocative)
शतासः1 (plural vocative)
शतम् (accusative singular)
शतौ (accusative dual)
शता1 (accusative dual)
शतान् (accusative plural)
शतेन (instrumental singular)
शताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शतैः (instrumental plural)
शतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शताय (dative singular)
शताभ्याम् (dative dual)
शतेभ्यः (dative plural)
शतात् (ablative singular)
शताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शतस्य (genitive singular)
शतयोः (dual genitive)
शतानाम् (genitive plural)
शते (locative singular)
शतयोः (dual locative)
शतेषु (locative plural)
शती (nominative singular)
शत्यौ (dual nominative)
शती1 (dual nominative)
शत्यः (nominative plural)
शतीः1 (nominative plural)
शति (singular vocative)
शत्यौ (dual vocative)
शती1 (dual vocative)
शत्यः (plural vocative)
शतीः1 (plural vocative)
शतीम् (accusative singular)
शत्यौ (accusative dual)
शती1 (accusative dual)
शतीः (accusative plural)
शत्या (instrumental singular)
शतीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शतीभिः (instrumental plural)
शत्यै (dative singular)
शतीभ्याम् (dative dual)
शतीभ्यः (dative plural)
शत्याः (ablative singular)
शत्यै2 (ablative singular)
शतीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शतीभ्यः (ablative plural)
शत्याः (genitive singular)
शत्यै2 (genitive singular)
शत्योः (dual genitive)
शतीनाम् (genitive plural)
शत्याम् (locative singular)
शत्योः (dual locative)
शतीषु (locative plural)

desctree

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀲𑀢 (sata)
Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀲𑀬 (saya)
Helu Prakrit: 𑀲𑀢 (sata), *𑀲𑀬 (*saya)
Dhivehi: ހިއަ (hia) (dialectal, archaic)
Sinhalese: සිය (siya)
Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀰𑀤 (śada)
Assamese: শ (xo)
Bengali: শ (śo)
Bhojpuri: सौ (sau)
Odia: ଶହ (śaha)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀅 (saa)
Konkani:
Devanagari script: -शे (-śe)
Kannada script: -ಶೆ (-śe)
Latin script: -xem
Old Marathi:
Devanagari script: श्ये (śye), सें (seṃ)
Modi script: 𑘫𑘿𑘧𑘹 (śye), 𑘭𑘹𑘽 (seṃ)
Marathi: -शे (-śe)
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀤 (sada)
Old Gujarati: सउ (saü)
Gujarati: સો (so)
Hindustani:
Hindi: सौ (sau)
Urdu: سو (sau)
Nepali: सय (saya)
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਸੌ (sau)
Shahmukhi script: سَو (sau)
Romani: śel, šel (Pan-Vlax), shel, șăl
Sindhi:
Arabic script: سؤ
Devanagari script: सउ

Dardic:

Kashmiri: ہَتھ (hath)

Shina: شل (śal)

→ Old Javanese: śata
Javanese: ꦱꦠ (sata)
→ Balinese: ᬰᬢ (sata)

Pali: sata

→ Bengali: শত (śot)

→ Rohingya: cót

→ Hindi: शत (śat)

→ Telugu: శతము (śatamu) (learned)

→⇒ Dhivehi: ސަތޭކަ (satēka)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śatám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćatám, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬀 (sata), Ancient Greek ἑκατόν (hekatón), Latin centum, Old Church Slavonic съто (sŭto), Lithuanian šimtas, Tocharian A känt, Old English hundred (whence English hundred), Finnish sata (borrowing from Indo-Iranian).


नव

त्रिणव त्रिणव#Sanskrit

in त्रिणव (tri-ṇava) and in compounds: nine


त्रि

head

त्रि • (trí) m

trí (romanization)
त्रयः (nominative plural)
त्रयः (plural vocative)
त्रीन् (accusative plural)
त्रिभिः (instrumental plural)
त्रिभ्यः (dative plural)
त्रिभ्यः (ablative plural)
त्रयाणाम् (genitive plural)
त्रीणाम् (Vedic genitive plural)
त्रिषु (locative plural)
तिष्रः (nominative plural)
तिष्रः (plural vocative)
तिष्रः (accusative plural)
तिसृभिः (instrumental plural)
तिसृभ्यः (dative plural)
तिसृभ्यः (ablative plural)
तिसृणाम् (genitive plural)
तिसॄणाम् (Vedic genitive plural)
तिसृषु (locative plural)
त्रीणि (nominative plural)
त्री (Vedic nominative plural)
त्रीणि (plural vocative)
त्री (Vedic plural vocative)
त्रीणि (accusative plural)
त्री (Vedic accusative plural)
त्रिभिः (instrumental plural)
त्रिभ्यः (dative plural)
त्रिभ्यः (ablative plural)
त्रयाणाम् (genitive plural)
त्रीणाम् (Vedic genitive plural)
त्रिषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun-m

trayāṇā́m,trīṇā́m¹

sa-decl-noun-f

tisṛṇā́m,tisṝṇā́m¹

sa-decl-noun-n

trī́ṇi,trī́¹

trī́ṇi,trī́¹

trī́ṇi,trī́¹

trayāṇā́m,trīṇā́m¹

q

< त्रीणि (trī́ṇi)

(< त्रीणि (trī́ṇi))

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀢𑀺𑀁𑀦𑀺 (tiṃni /tiṇṇi/) (< त्रीणि (trī́ṇi)) (see there for further descendants)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨩𐨆 (trayo) (< त्रयस् (tráyas)) (see there for further descendants)

Dardic:

desc

Ashkun: [script needed] (tre), [script needed] (tra)

Grangali: [script needed] (ṣlē)

Kalasha: [script needed] (trē)

Kashmiri: ترٛےٚ (tre)

Khowar: [script needed] (troi)

Shina: ڇے (c̣e)

Kohistani Shina: [script needed] (c̣ēĭ)

Shumashti: [script needed] (λyē)

Northern:

Bhadrawahi: ट्ळा (ṭḷā)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ތިން (tin̊)

Sinhalese: තුන (tuna)

Pali: ti

→ Burmese: တြိ (tri.)

→ Malay: tri, tri- / تري, تري-

Indonesian: tri

→ Tamil: திரி (tiri)

→ Thai: ตรี (dtrii), ไตร (dtrai)

→ Proto-Nuristani:

Kamkata-viri: [script needed] (tre)

Prasuni: [script needed] (chī), [script needed] (chhī)

Waigali: [script needed] (tre), [script needed] (trē)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *tráyas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tráyas, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes. Cognate with Latin trēs, Ancient Greek τρεῖς (treîs), Old English þrēo (whence English three).


नवन्

head

नवन् • (návan)

návan (romanization)
नव (nominative plural)
नव (plural vocative)
नव (accusative plural)
नवभिः (instrumental plural)
नवभ्यः (dative plural)
नवभ्यः (ablative plural)
नवानाम् (genitive plural)
नवसु (locative plural)

Helu Prakrit: 𑀦𑀯 (nava)

Dhivehi: ނުވަ (nuva)

Sinhalese: නවය (nawaya), නමය (namaya)

Khasa Prakrit:

Nepali: नौ (nau)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀦𑀯 (nava), Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀦𑀅 (naa)

Assamese: ন (no)

Bengali: নয় (noẏ), ন (no)

Bishnupriya Manipuri: নয় (nôi)

Hajong: নয় (nôy)

desc

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀦𑀯 (nava), 𑀡𑀯 (ṇava)?

Konkani: णव (ṇav)

Marathi: नऊ (naū)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਨੌਂ (naũ)

Pali: nava

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀦𑀯 (nava)

Fiji Hindi: nau

Gujarati: નવ (nav)

Saurashtra: ꢥꣁꢮ꣄ (nov)

Hindustani:

Hindi: नौ (nau)

Urdu: نو (nau)

→ Malay: nawa / ناوا

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hnáwa, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hnáwa, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥. Cognate with Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (nauua), Persian نه (noh), Pashto نه (nə), Northern Kurdish neh, Latin novem, Ancient Greek ἐννέα (ennéa), Old English niġon (whence English nine).


सप्त

head

सप्त • (saptá)

त्रिसप्त (trí-saptá) — 3 x 7 i.e. 21

सप्तन् सप्तन्#Sanskrit

(at the end of a compound) = सप्तन् (saptán, “seven”)

सप्तगुण (sapta-guṇa) — sevenfold

सप्तन् सप्तन्#Sanskrit

(in compounds) = सप्तन् (saptán, “seven”)


सहस्र

sahásra (romanization)
m (rare)
सहस्रम् (nominative singular)
सहस्रे (dual nominative)
सहस्राणि (nominative plural)
सहस्रा1 (nominative plural)
सहस्र (singular vocative)
सहस्रे (dual vocative)
सहस्राणि (plural vocative)
सहस्रा1 (plural vocative)
सहस्रम् (accusative singular)
सहस्रे (accusative dual)
सहस्राणि (accusative plural)
सहस्रा1 (accusative plural)
सहस्रेण (instrumental singular)
सहस्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सहस्रैः (instrumental plural)
सहस्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सहस्राय (dative singular)
सहस्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
सहस्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
सहस्रात् (ablative singular)
सहस्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सहस्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सहस्रस्य (genitive singular)
सहस्रयोः (dual genitive)
सहस्राणाम् (genitive plural)
सहस्रे (locative singular)
सहस्रयोः (dual locative)
सहस्रेषु (locative plural)
सहस्रः (nominative singular)
सहस्रौ (dual nominative)
सहस्रा1 (dual nominative)
सहस्राः (nominative plural)
सहस्रासः1 (nominative plural)
सहस्र (singular vocative)
सहस्रौ (dual vocative)
सहस्रा1 (dual vocative)
सहस्राः (plural vocative)
सहस्रासः1 (plural vocative)
सहस्रम् (accusative singular)
सहस्रौ (accusative dual)
सहस्रा1 (accusative dual)
सहस्रान् (accusative plural)
सहस्रेण (instrumental singular)
सहस्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सहस्रैः (instrumental plural)
सहस्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सहस्राय (dative singular)
सहस्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
सहस्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
सहस्रात् (ablative singular)
सहस्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सहस्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सहस्रस्य (genitive singular)
सहस्रयोः (dual genitive)
सहस्राणाम् (genitive plural)
सहस्रे (locative singular)
सहस्रयोः (dual locative)
सहस्रेषु (locative plural)

/sɐ.ɦɐ́s.ɾɐ/

/s̪ɐ.ɦɐs̪.ɾɐ/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes-
Proto-Indo-European *-lom
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéslom
Proto-Indo-Iranian *saȷ́ʰásram
Sanskrit सहस्र (sahasra)
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *saźʰásram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *saȷ́ʰásram (“thousand”), from Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-ǵʰéslom, from *ǵʰéslom. Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬢𐬭𐬀 (hazaŋra), Persian هزار (hezâr), Ancient Greek χίλιοι (khílioi), Latin mīlle.

etymon

प्र नू॒नं जा॑यताम॒यं मनु॒स्तोक्मे॑व रोहतु।
यः स॒हस्रं॑ श॒ताश्वं॑ स॒द्यो दा॒नाय॒ मंह॑ते॥
prá nūnáṃ jāyatāmayáṃ mánustókmeva rohatu.
yáḥ sahásraṃ śatā́śvaṃ sadyó dānā́ya máṃhate.
May this Manu (Sāvarṇi) quickly be born, may he increase like (well- watered) seed, who sends meat once a thousand and a hundred horses for a present.


विंशति

head

विं॒श॒ति • (viṃśatí)

विं॒श॒ति (canonical)
viṃśatí (romanization)
विंशतिः (nominative singular)
विंशती (dual nominative)
विंशतयः (nominative plural)
विंशते (singular vocative)
विंशती (dual vocative)
विंशतयः (plural vocative)
विंशतिम् (accusative singular)
विंशती (accusative dual)
विंशतीः (accusative plural)
विंशत्या (instrumental singular)
विंशती1 (instrumental singular)
विंशतिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विंशतिभिः (instrumental plural)
विंशतये (dative singular)
विंशत्यै2 (dative singular)
विंशती1 (dative singular)
विंशतिभ्याम् (dative dual)
विंशतिभ्यः (dative plural)
विंशतेः (ablative singular)
विंशत्याः2 (ablative singular)
विंशत्यै3 (ablative singular)
विंशतिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
विंशतिभ्यः (ablative plural)
विंशतेः (genitive singular)
विंशत्याः2 (genitive singular)
विंशत्यै3 (genitive singular)
विंशत्योः (dual genitive)
विंशतीनाम् (genitive plural)
विंशतौ (locative singular)
विंशत्याम्2 (locative singular)
विंशता1 (locative singular)
विंशत्योः (dual locative)
विंशतिषु (locative plural)

desctree

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀯𑀻𑀲𑀢𑀺 (vīsati)
Prakrit: 𑀯𑀻𑀲 (vīsa), 𑀯𑀻𑀲𑀤𑀺 (vīsadi) — Śaurasenī, 𑀯𑀻𑀲𑀇 (vīsaï) — Ardhamāgadhī, Māgadhī, Māhārāṣṭrī (see there for further descendants)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: وُہ (vuh)

Pali: vīsati

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁
Proto-Indo-European *dwi-
Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥
Proto-Indo-European *dwih₁ḱm̥ti
Proto-Indo-Iranian *HwiHćati
Sanskrit विं॒श॒ति (viṃśatí)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HwiHćati, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wih₁ḱm̥ti, from *dwih₁ḱm̥ti (“two-ten”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (vīsaⁱti), Persian بیست (bist), Old Armenian քսան (kʻsan), Latin vīgintī, Ancient Greek εἴκοσι (eíkosi).

etymon

विं॒श॒ति

inh+

विंशतिर् घटानाम्

विंशत्या हरिभिः

twenty, a score (with a noun either in genitive or in apposition, e.g.)


त्रिंशत्

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त्रिंशत् • (triṃśát)

triṃśát (romanization)
त्रिंशत् (nominative singular)
त्रिंशतौ (dual nominative)
त्रिंशता1 (dual nominative)
त्रिंशतः (nominative plural)
त्रिंशत् (singular vocative)
त्रिंशतौ (dual vocative)
त्रिंशता1 (dual vocative)
त्रिंशतः (plural vocative)
त्रिंशतम् (accusative singular)
त्रिंशतौ (accusative dual)
त्रिंशता1 (accusative dual)
त्रिंशतः (accusative plural)
त्रिंशता (instrumental singular)
त्रिंशद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
त्रिंशद्भिः (instrumental plural)
त्रिंशते (dative singular)
त्रिंशद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
त्रिंशद्भ्यः (dative plural)
त्रिंशतः (ablative singular)
त्रिंशद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
त्रिंशद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
त्रिंशतः (genitive singular)
त्रिंशतोः (dual genitive)
त्रिंशताम् (genitive plural)
त्रिंशति (locative singular)
त्रिंशतोः (dual locative)
त्रिंशत्सु (locative plural)

Pali: tiṃsa, tiṃsati

desc

Prakrit: 𑀢𑀻𑀲𑀁 (tīsaṃ), 𑀢𑀻𑀲𑀸 (tīsā), 𑀢𑀻𑀲𑀇𑀁 (tīsaïṃ) (see there for further descendants)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *tréyes
Proto-Indo-European *tri-
Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥
Proto-Indo-European *tridḱómt
Proto-Indo-Iranian *triHćát
Sanskrit त्रिंशत् (triṃśat)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *triHćát, from Proto-Indo-European *tridḱḿ̥t (“three-ten”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬚𐬭𐬌𐬯𐬀𐬙 (θrisat), Ancient Greek τριάκοντα (triákonta), Latin trīgintā.


चत्वारिंशत्

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चत्वारिंशत् • (catvāriṃśát) f

catvāriṃśát (romanization)
चत्वारिंशत् (nominative singular)
चत्वारिंशतौ (dual nominative)
चत्वारिंशता1 (dual nominative)
चत्वारिंशतः (nominative plural)
चत्वारिंशत् (singular vocative)
चत्वारिंशतौ (dual vocative)
चत्वारिंशता1 (dual vocative)
चत्वारिंशतः (plural vocative)
चत्वारिंशतम् (accusative singular)
चत्वारिंशतौ (accusative dual)
चत्वारिंशता1 (accusative dual)
चत्वारिंशतः (accusative plural)
चत्वारिंशता (instrumental singular)
चत्वारिंशद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चत्वारिंशद्भिः (instrumental plural)
चत्वारिंशते (dative singular)
चत्वारिंशद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
चत्वारिंशद्भ्यः (dative plural)
चत्वारिंशतः (ablative singular)
चत्वारिंशद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
चत्वारिंशद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
चत्वारिंशतः (genitive singular)
चत्वारिंशतोः (dual genitive)
चत्वारिंशताम् (genitive plural)
चत्वारिंशति (locative singular)
चत्वारिंशतोः (dual locative)
चत्वारिंशत्सु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: چاءِلِیہ

→ Proto-Nuristani:

Prasuni: žibeze

Pali: cattārīsaṁ, cattālīsaṁ, tālīsaṁ

desc

Prakrit: 𑀘𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀲𑀁 (cattālīsaṃ), 𑀘𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀲𑀸 (cattālīsā), 𑀘𑀸𑀆𑀮𑀻𑀲𑀁 (cāālīsaṃ), 𑀘𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀲 (cālīsa) (see there for further descendants)

/t͡ɕɐt.ʋɑː.ɾĩ.ɕɐ́t/

/t͡ɕɐt̪.ʋɑː.ɾĩ.ɕɐt̪/

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *ćatwārHśát, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čatwārHćát, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwr̥h₁ḱomt (“four-ten”). Cognate with Ancient Greek τετρώκοντα (tetrṓkonta), Latin quadrāgintā.


पञ्चाशत्

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पञ्चाशत् • (pañcāśát)

pañcāśát (romanization)
पञ्चाशत् (nominative singular)
पञ्चाशतौ (dual nominative)
पञ्चाशता1 (dual nominative)
पञ्चाशतः (nominative plural)
पञ्चाशत् (singular vocative)
पञ्चाशतौ (dual vocative)
पञ्चाशता1 (dual vocative)
पञ्चाशतः (plural vocative)
पञ्चाशतम् (accusative singular)
पञ्चाशतौ (accusative dual)
पञ्चाशता1 (accusative dual)
पञ्चाशतः (accusative plural)
पञ्चाशता (instrumental singular)
पञ्चाशद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पञ्चाशद्भिः (instrumental plural)
पञ्चाशते (dative singular)
पञ्चाशद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
पञ्चाशद्भ्यः (dative plural)
पञ्चाशतः (ablative singular)
पञ्चाशद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
पञ्चाशद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
पञ्चाशतः (genitive singular)
पञ्चाशतोः (dual genitive)
पञ्चाशताम् (genitive plural)
पञ्चाशति (locative singular)
पञ्चाशतोः (dual locative)
पञ्चाशत्सु (locative plural)

Niya Prakrit: 𐨤𐨎𐨕𐨭 (paṃcaśa)

Pali: paññāsa, paṇṇāsa

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀲 (paṇṇāsa) (see there for further descendants)

/pɐɲ.t͡ɕɑː.ɕɐ́t/

/pɐɲ.t͡ɕɑː.ɕɐt̪/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *pančaHćát (“fifty”), from Proto-Indo-European *penkʷeh₁dḱḿ̥t (“fifty”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬧𐬗𐬁𐬯𐬀𐬙 (paṇcāsat, “fifty”), Ancient Greek πεντήκοντα (pentḗkonta, “fifty”), Latin quīnquāgintā (“fifty”).

cog

आ विंशत्या त्रिंशता याह्यर्वाङा चत्वारिंशता हरिभिर्युजानः ।
आ पञ्चाशता सुरथेभिरिन्द्रा षष्ट्या सप्तत्या सोमपेयम् ॥
ā viṃśatyā triṃśatā yāhyarvāṅā catvāriṃśatā haribhiryujānaḥ.

O Indra, come hither having harnessed thy chariot with twenty or thirty or forty horses.
Come with fifty or sixty or seventy well trained horses, O Indra, to drink the Soma.

ā pañcāśatā surathebhirindrā ṣaṣṭyā saptatyā somapeyam.


सप्तम

Gandhari: 𐨯𐨟𐨨 (satama)

Niya Prakrit: 𐨯𐨟𐨎𐨨 (sataṃma)

desctree

Pali: sattama
→ Burmese: သတ္တမ (satta.ma.)

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀫 (sattama)

Khasa Prakrit:

Nepali: सातौं (sāta͠u)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: सातवें (sātvẽ)

Marathi: सातवे (sātve)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: ਸੱਤਵਾਂ (sattavā̃)

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: satõ

Arabic script: ستون

Devanagari script: सतों

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: સાતમું (sātmũ)

Hindustani: sātvā̃

Hindi: सातवाँ (sātvā̃)

Urdu: ساتواں (sātvā̃)

→ Bengali: সপ্তম (śoptom)

→ Kannada: ಸಪ್ತಮ (saptama)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *saptamás, from Proto-Indo-European *septm̥-mó-s, from *septḿ̥ (“seven”). Cognate with Latin septimus, Ancient Greek ἕβδομος (hébdomos), Ossetian ӕвдӕм (ævdæm), Khotanese 𑀳𑁄𑀤𑀫 (hodama), Persian هفتم (haftom).

inh+

षट् पदान्यनु नि क्रामति … सप्तमे पदे जुहोति
ṣaṭ padānyanu ni krāmati [...] saptame pade juhoti

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) VI.1.8

He walks six steps … in the seventh step, he offers the libation.

योऽस्य प्रथमो व्यानः सेयं भूमिः ॥
योऽस्य द्वितीयो व्यानस्तदन्तरिक्षम् ॥
योऽस्य तृतीयो व्यानः सा द्यौः ॥
योऽस्य चतुर्थो व्यानस्तानि नक्षत्राणि ॥
योऽस्य पञ्चमो व्यानस्त ऋतवः ॥
योऽस्य षष्ठो व्यानस्त आर्तवाः ॥
योऽस्य सप्तमो व्यानः स संवत्सरः ॥
yoʼsya prathamo vyānaḥ seyaṃ bhūmiḥ.
yoʼsya dvitīyo vyānastadantarikṣam.
yoʼsya tṛtīyo vyānaḥ sā dyauḥ.
yoʼsya caturtho vyānastāni nakṣatrāṇi.
yoʼsya pañcamo vyānasta ṛtavaḥ.
yoʼsya ṣaṣṭho vyānasta ārtavāḥ.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 15.17

His first diffused breath is this Earth.
His second diffused breath is that Firmament.
His third diffused breath is that Heaven.
His fourth diffused breath are those Constellations.
His fifth diffused breath are the Seasons.
His sixth diffused breath are the Season-groups.
His seventh diffused breath is the year.


अष्ट

head

अष्ट • (aṣṭá)

aṣṭá (romanization)
अष्टौ (nominative plural)
अष्ट (nominative plural)
अष्टौ (plural vocative)
अष्ट (plural vocative)
अष्टौ (accusative plural)
अष्ट (accusative plural)
अष्टाभिः (instrumental plural)
अष्टभिः (instrumental plural)
अष्टाभ्यः (dative plural)
अष्टभ्यः (dative plural)
अष्टाभ्यः (ablative plural)
अष्टभ्यः (ablative plural)
अष्टनाम् (genitive plural)
अष्टासु (locative plural)
अष्टसु (locative plural)

Pali: aṭṭha

Saraiki: اٹھ

Prakrit: 𑀅𑀝𑁆𑀞 (aṭṭha) (see there for further descendants)

→ Khmer: អស្តា (ʼahsdaa)

→ Malay: asta / استا

Indonesian: asta

desctree

→ Old Javanese: aṣṭa
→ Balinese: ᬅᬱ᭄ᬝ (asta, “eight”)

→ Telugu: అష్ట (aṣṭa)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Haštā́
Sanskrit अष्ट (aṣṭa)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Haštā́, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw. Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬀 (ašta), Persian هشت (hašt), Latvian astoņi, Ancient Greek ὀκτώ (oktṓ), Latin octō, Old English eahta (whence English eight).


षष्

ṣáṣ (romanization)
षट् (nominative plural)
षट् (plural vocative)
षट् (accusative plural)
षड्भिः (instrumental plural)
षड्भ्यः (dative plural)
षड्भ्यः (ablative plural)
षण्णाम् (genitive plural)
षट्सु (locative plural)

Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀙 (*cha), 𑀱 (ṣa)

Prakrit: 𑀙 (cha) (see there for further descendants)

Gandhari: 𐨮 (ṣa)

Pali: cha

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ṣwáṭṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *šwáćš, from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱs. Cognate with Avestan 𐬑𐬴𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬱 (xṣ̌uuaš), Persian شش (šeš), Old Armenian վեց (vecʻ), Tocharian B ṣkas, Old Church Slavonic шесть (šestĭ), Lithuanian šešì, Latin sex, Ancient Greek ἕξ (héx), Old English six (whence English six).

अरिषड्वर्ग

Arishadvargas, six enemies of the mind that trap a soul

षड्रिपु

six enemies of the mind that trap a soul; lust, anger, greed, ego, attachment, jealousy


द्वितीय

head

द्वितीय • (dvitī́ya)

dvitī́ya (romanization)
द्वितीयः (nominative singular)
द्वितीयौ (dual nominative)
द्वितीया1 (dual nominative)
द्वितीयाः (nominative plural)
द्वितीयासः1 (nominative plural)
द्वितीय (singular vocative)
द्वितीयौ (dual vocative)
द्वितीया1 (dual vocative)
द्वितीयाः (plural vocative)
द्वितीयासः1 (plural vocative)
द्वितीयम् (accusative singular)
द्वितीयौ (accusative dual)
द्वितीया1 (accusative dual)
द्वितीयान् (accusative plural)
द्वितीयेन (instrumental singular)
द्वितीयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
द्वितीयैः (instrumental plural)
द्वितीयेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
द्वितीयाय (dative singular)
द्वितीयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
द्वितीयेभ्यः (dative plural)
द्वितीयात् (ablative singular)
द्वितीयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
द्वितीयेभ्यः (ablative plural)
द्वितीयस्य (genitive singular)
द्वितीययोः (dual genitive)
द्वितीयानाम् (genitive plural)
द्वितीये (locative singular)
द्वितीययोः (dual locative)
द्वितीयेषु (locative plural)
द्वितीया (nominative singular)
द्वितीये (dual nominative)
द्वितीयाः (nominative plural)
द्वितीये (singular vocative)
द्वितीये (dual vocative)
द्वितीयाः (plural vocative)
द्वितीयाम् (accusative singular)
द्वितीये (accusative dual)
द्वितीयाः (accusative plural)
द्वितीयया (instrumental singular)
द्वितीया1 (instrumental singular)
द्वितीयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
द्वितीयाभिः (instrumental plural)
द्वितीयायै (dative singular)
द्वितीयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
द्वितीयाभ्यः (dative plural)
द्वितीयायाः (ablative singular)
द्वितीयायै2 (ablative singular)
द्वितीयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
द्वितीयाभ्यः (ablative plural)
द्वितीयायाः (genitive singular)
द्वितीयायै2 (genitive singular)
द्वितीययोः (dual genitive)
द्वितीयानाम् (genitive plural)
द्वितीयायाम् (locative singular)
द्वितीययोः (dual locative)
द्वितीयासु (locative plural)
द्वितीयम् (nominative singular)
द्वितीये (dual nominative)
द्वितीयानि (nominative plural)
द्वितीया1 (nominative plural)
द्वितीय (singular vocative)
द्वितीये (dual vocative)
द्वितीयानि (plural vocative)
द्वितीया1 (plural vocative)
द्वितीयम् (accusative singular)
द्वितीये (accusative dual)
द्वितीयानि (accusative plural)
द्वितीया1 (accusative plural)
द्वितीयेन (instrumental singular)
द्वितीयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
द्वितीयैः (instrumental plural)
द्वितीयेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
द्वितीयाय (dative singular)
द्वितीयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
द्वितीयेभ्यः (dative plural)
द्वितीयात् (ablative singular)
द्वितीयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
द्वितीयेभ्यः (ablative plural)
द्वितीयस्य (genitive singular)
द्वितीययोः (dual genitive)
द्वितीयानाम् (genitive plural)
द्वितीये (locative singular)
द्वितीययोः (dual locative)
द्वितीयेषु (locative plural)

Pali: dutiya

Burmese: ဒုတိယ (du.ti.ya.)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *dwitíyas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dwitíyas, from Proto-Indo-European *dwitíyos, from *dwi- (“two, apart”). Cognate with Albanian dytë.


पञ्चमी

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पञ्चमी • (pañcamī) f

द्रौपदी द्रौपदी

पाञ्चालि पाञ्चालि

name of द्रौपदी (who was the wife of 5 Pandavas; compare पाञ्चालि)


रथसप्तमी

name of the 7th day in the light half of the month आश्विन (so called as the beginning of a मन्व्-अन्तर when a new Sun ascended his car) (W.)


नवग्रह

Thai: นพเคราะห์ (nóp-pá-krɔ́)

the nine planets (i.e. sun, moon, 5 planets with राहु and केतु)


नवरत्न

→ Burmese: နဝရတ် (na.wa.rat)

→ English: navaratna

→ Hindi: नवरत्न (navratna)

desc

→ Khmer: នព្វរ័តន៍ (nuppĕəʼrŏət)

→ Khmer: នព្វរ័តន៍ (nuppĕəʼrŏət)

→ Thai: นพรัตน์

→ Thai: นพรัตน์

/n̪ɐ.ʋɐ.ɾɐt̪.n̪ɐ/

the nine precious gems (viz. pearl, ruby, topaz, diamond, emerald, lapis lazuli, coral, sapphire, and गो-मेध they are supposed to be related to the 9 planets) L. (cf. MWB. 528)

the 9 jewels (i.e. the 9 men of letters at the court of विक्रमादित्य, viz. धन्वन्तरि, क्षपणक, अमर-सिंह, शङ्कु, वेताल-भट्ट, घट-कर्पर, कालिदास, वर-रुचि, and वराह-मिहिर) L.


पञ्चक

consisting of 5, relating to 5, made of 5 &c.


दशरथ

/dɐ́.ɕɐ.ɾɐ.tʰɐ/

/d̪ɐ.ɕɐ.ɾɐ.t̪ʰɐ/

Compound of दश (dáśa, “ten”) + रथ (rátha, “chariot”).


षष्टि

head

षष्टि • (ṣaṣṭí) f

ṣaṣṭí (romanization)
षष्टिः (nominative singular)
षष्टी (dual nominative)
षष्टयः (nominative plural)
षष्टे (singular vocative)
षष्टी (dual vocative)
षष्टयः (plural vocative)
षष्टिम् (accusative singular)
षष्टी (accusative dual)
षष्टीः (accusative plural)
षष्ट्या (instrumental singular)
षष्टी1 (instrumental singular)
षष्टिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
षष्टिभिः (instrumental plural)
षष्टये (dative singular)
षष्ट्यै2 (dative singular)
षष्टी1 (dative singular)
षष्टिभ्याम् (dative dual)
षष्टिभ्यः (dative plural)
षष्टेः (ablative singular)
षष्ट्याः2 (ablative singular)
षष्ट्यै3 (ablative singular)
षष्टिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
षष्टिभ्यः (ablative plural)
षष्टेः (genitive singular)
षष्ट्याः2 (genitive singular)
षष्ट्यै3 (genitive singular)
षष्ट्योः (dual genitive)
षष्टीनाम् (genitive plural)
षष्टौ (locative singular)
षष्ट्याम्2 (locative singular)
षष्टा1 (locative singular)
षष्ट्योः (dual locative)
षष्टिषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: شیٹھ (śēṭh)

Punjabi: [script needed] (saṭṭhi)

desc

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀻 (saṭṭhī), 𑀲𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀺𑀁 (saṭṭhiṃ) (see there for further descendants)

→ Telugu: షష్టి (ṣaṣṭi) (learned)

From Proto-Indo-European *swéḱsdḱomt (“six-ten”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἑξήκοντα (hexḗkonta), Latin sexāgintā.


अष्टमी

(Hinduism) The eighth day in the lunar fortnight of Hindu calendar.


चतुर्थी

caturthī (romanization)
चतुर्थी (nominative singular)
चतुर्थ्यौ (dual nominative)
चतुर्थी1 (dual nominative)
चतुर्थ्यः (nominative plural)
चतुर्थीः1 (nominative plural)
चतुर्थि (singular vocative)
चतुर्थ्यौ (dual vocative)
चतुर्थी1 (dual vocative)
चतुर्थ्यः (plural vocative)
चतुर्थीः1 (plural vocative)
चतुर्थीम् (accusative singular)
चतुर्थ्यौ (accusative dual)
चतुर्थी1 (accusative dual)
चतुर्थीः (accusative plural)
चतुर्थ्या (instrumental singular)
चतुर्थीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चतुर्थीभिः (instrumental plural)
चतुर्थ्यै (dative singular)
चतुर्थीभ्याम् (dative dual)
चतुर्थीभ्यः (dative plural)
चतुर्थ्याः (ablative singular)
चतुर्थ्यै2 (ablative singular)
चतुर्थीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चतुर्थीभ्यः (ablative plural)
चतुर्थ्याः (genitive singular)
चतुर्थ्यै2 (genitive singular)
चतुर्थ्योः (dual genitive)
चतुर्थीनाम् (genitive plural)
चतुर्थ्याम् (locative singular)
चतुर्थ्योः (dual locative)
चतुर्थीषु (locative plural)

(Hinduism) The fourth day in the lunar fortnight of Hindu calendar.


दशमी

Thai: ทศมี (tót-sà-mii)

(Hinduism) The tenth day of lunar fortnight in Hindu calendar.


नवमी

(Hinduism) The ninth day of the lunar fortnight in Hindu calendar.


एकाग्रता

intentness in the pursuit of one object, close and undisturbed attention


चतुर्थ

caturthá (romanization)
चतुर्थः (nominative singular)
चतुर्थौ (dual nominative)
चतुर्था1 (dual nominative)
चतुर्थाः (nominative plural)
चतुर्थासः1 (nominative plural)
चतुर्थ (singular vocative)
चतुर्थौ (dual vocative)
चतुर्था1 (dual vocative)
चतुर्थाः (plural vocative)
चतुर्थासः1 (plural vocative)
चतुर्थम् (accusative singular)
चतुर्थौ (accusative dual)
चतुर्था1 (accusative dual)
चतुर्थान् (accusative plural)
चतुर्थेन (instrumental singular)
चतुर्थाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चतुर्थैः (instrumental plural)
चतुर्थेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
चतुर्थाय (dative singular)
चतुर्थाभ्याम् (dative dual)
चतुर्थेभ्यः (dative plural)
चतुर्थात् (ablative singular)
चतुर्थाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चतुर्थेभ्यः (ablative plural)
चतुर्थस्य (genitive singular)
चतुर्थयोः (dual genitive)
चतुर्थानाम् (genitive plural)
चतुर्थे (locative singular)
चतुर्थयोः (dual locative)
चतुर्थेषु (locative plural)
चतुर्थी (nominative singular)
चतुर्थ्यौ (dual nominative)
चतुर्थी1 (dual nominative)
चतुर्थ्यः (nominative plural)
चतुर्थीः1 (nominative plural)
चतुर्थि (singular vocative)
चतुर्थ्यौ (dual vocative)
चतुर्थी1 (dual vocative)
चतुर्थ्यः (plural vocative)
चतुर्थीः1 (plural vocative)
चतुर्थीम् (accusative singular)
चतुर्थ्यौ (accusative dual)
चतुर्थी1 (accusative dual)
चतुर्थीः (accusative plural)
चतुर्थ्या (instrumental singular)
चतुर्थीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चतुर्थीभिः (instrumental plural)
चतुर्थ्यै (dative singular)
चतुर्थीभ्याम् (dative dual)
चतुर्थीभ्यः (dative plural)
चतुर्थ्याः (ablative singular)
चतुर्थ्यै2 (ablative singular)
चतुर्थीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चतुर्थीभ्यः (ablative plural)
चतुर्थ्याः (genitive singular)
चतुर्थ्यै2 (genitive singular)
चतुर्थ्योः (dual genitive)
चतुर्थीनाम् (genitive plural)
चतुर्थ्याम् (locative singular)
चतुर्थ्योः (dual locative)
चतुर्थीषु (locative plural)
चतुर्थम् (nominative singular)
चतुर्थे (dual nominative)
चतुर्थानि (nominative plural)
चतुर्था1 (nominative plural)
चतुर्थ (singular vocative)
चतुर्थे (dual vocative)
चतुर्थानि (plural vocative)
चतुर्था1 (plural vocative)
चतुर्थम् (accusative singular)
चतुर्थे (accusative dual)
चतुर्थानि (accusative plural)
चतुर्था1 (accusative plural)
चतुर्थेन (instrumental singular)
चतुर्थाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चतुर्थैः (instrumental plural)
चतुर्थेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
चतुर्थाय (dative singular)
चतुर्थाभ्याम् (dative dual)
चतुर्थेभ्यः (dative plural)
चतुर्थात् (ablative singular)
चतुर्थाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चतुर्थेभ्यः (ablative plural)
चतुर्थस्य (genitive singular)
चतुर्थयोः (dual genitive)
चतुर्थानाम् (genitive plural)
चतुर्थे (locative singular)
चतुर्थयोः (dual locative)
चतुर्थेषु (locative plural)

Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀘𑀢𑀼𑀭𑁆𑀣 (*caturtha)

Niya Prakrit: 𐨕𐨟𐨂𐨪𐨿𐨠 (caturtha)

Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀘𑀢𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀣 (*catuttha)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀘𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀣 (caüttha)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀘𑀤𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀣 (caduttha)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀘𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀣 (cottha), 𑀘𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀣 (caüttha) (see there for further descendants)

Paisaci Prakrit:

desctree

Old Punjabi: ਚਉਥਾ (cauthā)
Punjabi: cauthā
Gurmukhi script: ਚੌਥਾ
Shahmukhi script: چَوتھا

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀘𑀤𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀣 (caduttha) (see there for further descendants)

Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀘𑀢𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞 (*catuṭṭha)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀘𑀉𑀝𑁆𑀞 (caüṭṭha)

Gandhari: 𐨕𐨡𐨂𐨳 (caduṭ́ha)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀘𑀤𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞 (caduṭṭha)

Pali: catuttha
→ Burmese: စတုတ္ထ (ca.tuthta.)

→ Assamese: চতুৰ্থ (soturtho)

→ Hindi: चतुर्थ (caturth)

→ Kannada: ಚತುರ್ಥ (caturtha)

/t͡ɕɐ.t̪uɾ.t̪ʰɐ/

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwr̥-th₂ó-s (“fourth”) from *kʷetwóres (“four”). Cognate with Ancient Greek τέτᾰρτος (tétărtos), Proto-Germanic *fedurþô (whence English fourth), Latin quārtus, Old East Slavic четвьртъ (četvĭrtŭ).

inh+

तद्यस्यैवं विद्वान् व्रात्यश्चतुर्थीं रात्रिमतिथिर्गृहे वसति । ये पुण्यानां पुण्या लोकास्तान् एव तेनाव रुन्धे ॥
tadyasyaivaṃ vidvān vrātyaścaturthīṃ rātrimatithirgṛhe vasati. ye puṇyānāṃ puṇyā lokāstān eva tenāva rundhe.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 15.13

He in whose house the wise Vrātya abides on the fourth night secures for himself thereby the holy realms of the Holy.


तुरीय

turī́ya (romanization)
तुरीयः (nominative singular)
तुरीयौ (dual nominative)
तुरीया1 (dual nominative)
तुरीयाः (nominative plural)
तुरीयासः1 (nominative plural)
तुरीय (singular vocative)
तुरीयौ (dual vocative)
तुरीया1 (dual vocative)
तुरीयाः (plural vocative)
तुरीयासः1 (plural vocative)
तुरीयम् (accusative singular)
तुरीयौ (accusative dual)
तुरीया1 (accusative dual)
तुरीयान् (accusative plural)
तुरीयेण (instrumental singular)
तुरीयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तुरीयैः (instrumental plural)
तुरीयेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तुरीयाय (dative singular)
तुरीयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तुरीयेभ्यः (dative plural)
तुरीयात् (ablative singular)
तुरीयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तुरीयेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तुरीयस्य (genitive singular)
तुरीययोः (dual genitive)
तुरीयाणाम् (genitive plural)
तुरीये (locative singular)
तुरीययोः (dual locative)
तुरीयेषु (locative plural)
तुरीया (nominative singular)
तुरीये (dual nominative)
तुरीयाः (nominative plural)
तुरीये (singular vocative)
तुरीये (dual vocative)
तुरीयाः (plural vocative)
तुरीयाम् (accusative singular)
तुरीये (accusative dual)
तुरीयाः (accusative plural)
तुरीयया (instrumental singular)
तुरीया1 (instrumental singular)
तुरीयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तुरीयाभिः (instrumental plural)
तुरीयायै (dative singular)
तुरीयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तुरीयाभ्यः (dative plural)
तुरीयायाः (ablative singular)
तुरीयायै2 (ablative singular)
तुरीयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तुरीयाभ्यः (ablative plural)
तुरीयायाः (genitive singular)
तुरीयायै2 (genitive singular)
तुरीययोः (dual genitive)
तुरीयाणाम् (genitive plural)
तुरीयायाम् (locative singular)
तुरीययोः (dual locative)
तुरीयासु (locative plural)
तुरीयम् (nominative singular)
तुरीये (dual nominative)
तुरीयाणि (nominative plural)
तुरीया1 (nominative plural)
तुरीय (singular vocative)
तुरीये (dual vocative)
तुरीयाणि (plural vocative)
तुरीया1 (plural vocative)
तुरीयम् (accusative singular)
तुरीये (accusative dual)
तुरीयाणि (accusative plural)
तुरीया1 (accusative plural)
तुरीयेण (instrumental singular)
तुरीयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तुरीयैः (instrumental plural)
तुरीयेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तुरीयाय (dative singular)
तुरीयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तुरीयेभ्यः (dative plural)
तुरीयात् (ablative singular)
तुरीयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तुरीयेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तुरीयस्य (genitive singular)
तुरीययोः (dual genitive)
तुरीयाणाम् (genitive plural)
तुरीये (locative singular)
तुरीययोः (dual locative)
तुरीयेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *turíHas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *turíHas, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷtur- + Proto-Indo-Iranian *-iHas. Cognate with Avestan 𐬙𐬏𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀 (tūⁱriia).


तुरीय

late 1st millennium BCE, Maitrāyaṇīya Upaniṣad

the fourth state of spirit (pure impersonal spirit or Brahman)


एकादश

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एकादश • (ékādaśa)

Dardic:

Dameli: yâš

Gawar-Bati: ǰāš

Indus Kohistani: اگالیش (agā́leš)

Kalami: íkyah

Kashmiri: کَہہ (kahh)

Phalura: اکاش (akā́š), اکوش (akōš)

Savi: yakā́š

Shumashti: zās

Tirahi: ikọ̄́

Torwali: agāš

→ Proto-Nuristani:

Ashkun: čanīs, činís

Kamkata-viri: yanīċ

Prasuni: züz, ǰūzu

Waigali: yāš, žāž, zas

Pali: ekadasa

desc

Prakrit: 𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀤𑀲 (egādasa), 𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀭𑀲 (egārasa)

Central:

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:

Awadhi: गेरा (gerā)

Fiji Hindi: gyaarah

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀭𑀲 (egārasa)

Domaaki: [script needed] (ekāi)

→ Shina: اکاء (ăkāĭ)

Hindustani:

Old Hindi:

Hindi: ग्यारह (gyārah), इगारह (igārah)

→ Dhivehi: އެގަރަ (egara)

Urdu: گْیَارَہ (gyārah), اِگَارَہ (igārah)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: এঘাৰ (eghar)

Bengali: এগারো (egarō)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: एगारह (ēgārah)

Maithili: एगारह (ēgārah)

Odia: ଏଗାର (egāra)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Kumaoni: इक्ला (iklā)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: एघार (eghār)

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: याह्रे (yāhre), यारे (yāre)

Churahi: याह्रा (yāhrā)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: yārā̃, giārā̃, nyārā

Gurmukhi script: ਯਾਰਾਂ, ਗਿਆਰਾਂ, ਨ੍ਯਾਰਾ

Gurmukhi script: ਯਾਰਾਂ, ਗਿਆਰਾਂ, ਨ੍ਯਾਰਾ

Shahmukhi script: یَارَاں, گِیاراں, نْیَارَہ

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: yārãhã, kārhã

Arabic script: ڪَارهَن, يَارَنھَن

Arabic script: ڪَارهَن, يَارَنھَن

Devanagari script: यारंहं, कारहं

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: එකළොස් (ekaḷos), එකළහ (ekaḷaha), එකොලස (ekolasa)

desctree

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀭𑀲 (egārasa)
Konkani: इक्रा (ikrā)
Marathi: अकरा (akrā)
Old Gujarati: इग्यार (igyāra)
Gujarati: અગિયાર (agiyār)
Saurashtra: ꢮꢶꢔ꣄ꢫꢵꢬꢸ (vigyāru), ꢮ꣄ꢫꢵꢬꢸ (vyāru)
Marwari: इगियारै (igiyārai)
Kachchi: ઇગ્યારો (igyāro)
Hindustani: gyārah
Hindi: ग्यारह
Urdu: گیارہ (gyārh)
Nepali: एघार (eghār)
Punjabi: ਗਿਆਰਾਂ (giārā̃)
Sindhi: يَارَنھَن, يَارَھَن / यारंहं (yārãhã)

Marathi: अकरा (akrā)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Old Gujarati: इग्यार (igyāra)

Gujarati: અગિયાર (agiyār)

Marwari: इगियारै (igiyārai)


द्वादश

head

द्वादश • (dvā́daśa)

Pali: dvādasa

Prakrit: 𑀩𑀸𑀭𑀲 (bārasa) (see there for further descendants)

/dʋɑ́ː.dɐ.ɕɐ/

/d̪ʋɑː.d̪ɐ.ɕɐ/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dwáH
Sanskrit द्व (dva)
Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dáća
Sanskrit दश (daśa)
Sanskrit द्वादश (dvādaśa)
From द्व (dvá) + दश (dáśa).


त्रयोदश

head

त्रयोदश • (tráyodaśa)

Dardic:

Dameli: [script needed] (troš)

Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (lowā̃š)

Grangali: [script needed] (ṣlewas)

Kashmiri: ترُواہ (truwāh)

desc

Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (lūi)

Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (trui)

Phalura: [script needed] (treš)

Savi: [script needed] (trewĩš)

Shina: [script needed] (c̣õi)

Shumashti: [script needed] (lāuas)

Southeast Pashayi: [script needed] (lūi)

Southwest Pashayi: [script needed] (tri)

Tirahi: [script needed] (tro)

Torwali: [script needed] (c̣eš)

Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (teherȭ)

Pali: terasa

Prakrit: 𑀢𑁂𑀭𑀲 (terasa) (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *tráyazdaśa (“thirteen”), from *tráyas (“three”) + *dáśa (“ten”). See त्रयः (tráyaḥ) and दश (dáśa).


चतुर्दश

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चतुर्दश • (cáturdaśa)

Dardic:

Chilisso: [script needed] (ċondΛš)

Dameli: čandḗš

desc

Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (ċudā́š), [script needed] (ċudáš)

Grangali: ċaudēs

Indus Kohistani: saundaš, ċaũdeš

Kamkata-viri: štruċ, štruiċ, štrēċ

Kashmiri: ژۆداہ

Kalami: čoundə, čōõ

Phalura: چندیش (čandḗš)

Savi: čadī́š

Shina: [script needed] (čondai), [script needed] (čahúndēī)

Domaaki: čaundaei

Shumashti: ċäudas

Tirahi: čauda

Torwali: [script needed] (čattḗš)

→ Proto-Nuristani:

Ashkun: ċodī́s, ċadī́s

Prasuni: čpulċ, čpluz

Waigali: čadēš, čadīš

Pali: catuddasa, coddasa, cuddasa

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀘𑁄𑀤𑀲 (codasa)

Prakrit: 𑀘𑀉𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀲 (caüddasa), 𑀲𑀉𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀲 (saüddasa) (see there for further descendants)

/t͡ɕɐ.t̪uɾ.d̪ɐ.ɕɐ/


पञ्चदश

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पञ्चदश • (páñcadaśa)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀧𑀁𑀘𑀤𑀲 (paṃcadasa)

desc

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀭𑀲 (paṇṇarasa), 𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀭𑀲 (paṇṇārasa), 𑀧𑀡𑀭𑀲 (paṇarasa) (see there for further descendants)

/pɐ́ɲ.t͡ɕɐ.dɐ.ɕɐ/

/pɐɲ.t͡ɕɐ.d̪ɐ.ɕɐ/

com

पञ्चन् (páñcan) + दश (dáśa)


सप्तदश

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सप्तदश • (saptádaśa)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindi: सत्रह (satrah)

Saurashtra: ꢱꢾꢡ꣄ꢡꢬ꣄ (settar)

[s̪ɐp̚.t̪ɐ.d̪ɐ.ɕɐ]

Compound of सप्तन् (saptán) + दश (dáśa).


अष्टादश

अष्टादश • (aṣṭā́daśa)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀅𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀸𑀮𑀰 (aṭṭhālaśa)

Early Assamese: অঠাৰ (oṭharo)

Assamese: ওঠৰ (üthoro), অঠাৰ (otharo)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindi: अठारह (aṭhārah)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: اَرٕداہ (arụdāh)

/ɐʂ.ʈɑ́ː.dɐ.ɕɐ/

/ɐʂ.ʈɑː.d̪ɐ.ɕɐ/


ऊनविंशति

ऊनविंशति • (ūnaviṃśáti)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: উনৈশ (unoix)

Bengali: উনিশ (uniś)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindi: उन्नीस (unnīs)

Hajong: উন্নিশ (unniś)

Sylheti: ꠃꠘ꠆ꠘꠤꠡ (unniś)

Abbreviated from एकोनविंशति (ekonaviṃśati), a compound of एक (éka) + ऊन (ūná) + विंशति (viṃśatí).

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एक (éka) + ऊन (ūná) + विंशति (viṃśatí)


एकविंशति

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एकविंशति • (ékaviṃśati)

Prakrit: 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀯𑀻𑀲 (ĕkkavīsa) (see there for further descendants)

Pali: ekavīsati

com

एक (éka) + विंशति (viṃśatí)


नवदश

/nɐ́.ʋɐ.dɐ.ɕɐ/

/n̪ɐ.ʋɐ.d̪ɐ.ɕɐ/


द्वाविंशति

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द्वाविंशति • (dvā́viṃśati)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Bengali: বাইশ (baiś)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Marathi: बावीस (bāvīs)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: બાવીસ (bāvīs)

Hindi: बाईस (bāīs)

Punjabi: ਬਾਈ (bāī)

→ Dhivehi: ބާވީސް (bāvīs)

/d̪ʋɑː.ʋĩ.ɕɐ.t̪i/

Compound of द्व (dvá) + विंशति (viṃśatí).


त्रयोविंशति

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त्रयोविंशति • (tráyoviṃśati)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: তেইছ (teis)

Bengali: তেইশ (teiś)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀢𑁂𑀯𑀻𑀲𑀁 (tevīsaṃ)

Marathi: तेवीस (tevīs)

Pali: tevīsa

→? Dhivehi: ތޭވީސް (tēvīs)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: ત્રેવીસ (trevīs)

Hindi: तेईस (teīs)

Nepali: तेइस (teis)

Punjabi: ਤੇਈ (teī)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *tráyaźwiHśati, from *tráyas (“three”) and *HwiHśatí (“twenty”). See त्रयः (tráyaḥ) and विंशति (viṃśatí).


चतुर्विंशति

चतुर्विंशति • (cáturviṃśati)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: ژۆوُہ (ċovuh)

Pali: catuvīsati

desc

Prakrit: 𑀘𑀉𑀯𑀻𑀲𑀇 (caüvīsaï), 𑀘𑀉𑀯𑀻𑀲 (caüvīsa), 𑀘𑁅𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀻𑀲 (cauvvīsa)

Central:

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:

Awadhi: चौबिस (caubis)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani: caubīs

Hindi: चौबीस

Urdu: چَوبِیس (caubīs)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: চৌবিশ (soubix)

Bengali: চব্বিশ (cobbiś)

Odia: ଚବିଶ (cabiśa)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Garhwali: चोबिस (cobis)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: चौबिस (caubis)

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: [script needed] (ċöbbi)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Lahnda: [script needed] (côvī), چوی (cavvī)

Punjabi: cauvī

Gurmukhi script: ਚੌਵੀ

Shahmukhi script: چَووِی

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: covīh

Arabic script: چووِيه

Devanagari script: चोवीह

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: සූවිස්ස (sūwissa)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Marathi: चव्वीस (ċavvīs), चोवीस (ċovīs)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: ચોવીસ (covīs)

→ Dhivehi: ސައުވީސް (sauvīs)

Compound of चतुर् (cátur) + विंशति (viṃśatí).

com+

चतुर्विꣳशतिम् अन्व् आह चतुर्विꣳशतिर् अर्धमासाः संवत्सरः

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) VI.8

Twenty-four (verses) he recites; (and) the year has twenty-four half-months.

caturviṃśatim anv āha caturviṃśatir ardhamāsāḥ saṃvatsaraḥ


पञ्चविंशति

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पञ्चविंशति • (páñcaviṃśati)

Hindi: पच्चीस (paccīs)

Saurashtra: ꢦꣁꢛ꣄ꢗꢷꢱ꣄ (poñcīs)

desc

Punjabi: پَن٘جھی (paṉjhī), پَچّی (paccī)

Pali: pañcavīsati, pañcavīsa

→ Dhivehi: ފަންސަވީސް (fan̊savīs)

/pɐ́ɲ.t͡ɕɐ.ʋĩ.ɕɐ.ti/

/pɐɲ.t͡ɕɐ.ʋĩ.ɕɐ.t̪i/

From पञ्चन् (páñcan) + विंशति (viṃśatí).

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पञ्चन् (páñcan) + विंशति (viṃśatí)


षड्विंशति

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षड्विं॑शति • (ṣáḍviṃśati)

षड्विं॑शति (canonical)
ṣáḍviṃśati (romanization)

desctree

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀲𑀟𑀼𑀯𑀻𑀲𑀢𑀺 (saḍuvīsati)
Prakrit: 𑀙𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀻𑀲 (chavvīsa) (see there for further descendants)

Pali: chabīsati

Dardic:

Kashmiri: शवुह् (śawuh)

/ʂɐ́ɖ.ʋĩ.ɕɐ.ti/

/ʂɐɖ.ʋĩ.ɕɐ.t̪i/

Etymology tree
Sanskrit षष् (ṣaṣ)
Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁
Proto-Indo-European *dwi-
Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥
Proto-Indo-European *dwih₁ḱm̥ti
Proto-Indo-Iranian *HwiHćati
Sanskrit विं॒श॒ति (viṃśatí)
Sanskrit षड्विंशति (ṣaḍviṃśati)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *ṣwáẓḍwiHśati, from *ṣwáṭṣ (“six”) and *HwiHśatí (“twenty”). See षष् (ṣáṣ) and विंशति (viṃśatí).

etymon

विं॒श॒ति>twenty


सप्तविंशति

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सप्तविंशति • (saptáviṃśati)

Pali: sattavīsati

→ Dhivehi: ހަތާވީސް (hatāvīs)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: سَتووُہ (satōvūh)

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀯𑀻𑀲 (sattāvīsa) (see there for further descendants)

From सप्तन् (saptán) + विंशति (viṃśatí).

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सप्तन् (saptán) + विंशति (viṃśatí)


अष्टाविंशति

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aṣṭā́viṃśati

अष्टाविंशति • (aṣṭā́viṃśati)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

desc

Gujarati: અઠ્યાવીસ (aṭhyāvīs), અઠ્ઠાવીસ (aṭhṭhāvīs)

Hindi: अट्ठाईस (aṭṭhāīs)

Hindi: अट्ठाईस (aṭṭhāīs)

Vaghri: અઠ્ઠાઈ (aṭhṭhāī)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: اَٹھووُہ (aṭhōvuh)

Pali: aṭṭhavīsati

→ Dhivehi: އަށާވީސް (aṣāvīs)

/ɐʂ.ʈɑ́ː.ʋĩ.ɕɐ.ti/

/ɐʂ.ʈɑː.ʋĩ.ɕɐ.t̪i/

From अष्ट (aṣṭá) + विंशति (viṃśatí).

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अष्ट (aṣṭá) + विंशति (viṃśatí)


नवविंशति

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नवविंशति • (návaviṃśati)

/n̪ɐ.ʋɐ.ʋĩ.ɕɐ.t̪i/

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नवन् (návan) + विंशति (viṃśatí)


ऊनत्रिंशत्

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ऊनत्रिंशत् • (ūnatriṃśát)

Hindi: उनतीस (untīs)

From ऊन (ūná) + त्रिंशत् (triṃśát).

com

ऊन (ūná) + त्रिंशत् (triṃśát)


सप्तति

saptatí (romanization)
सप्ततिः (nominative singular)
सप्तती (dual nominative)
सप्ततयः (nominative plural)
सप्तते (singular vocative)
सप्तती (dual vocative)
सप्ततयः (plural vocative)
सप्ततिम् (accusative singular)
सप्तती (accusative dual)
सप्ततीः (accusative plural)
सप्तत्या (instrumental singular)
सप्तती1 (instrumental singular)
सप्ततिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सप्ततिभिः (instrumental plural)
सप्ततये (dative singular)
सप्तत्यै2 (dative singular)
सप्तती1 (dative singular)
सप्ततिभ्याम् (dative dual)
सप्ततिभ्यः (dative plural)
सप्ततेः (ablative singular)
सप्तत्याः2 (ablative singular)
सप्तत्यै3 (ablative singular)
सप्ततिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सप्ततिभ्यः (ablative plural)
सप्ततेः (genitive singular)
सप्तत्याः2 (genitive singular)
सप्तत्यै3 (genitive singular)
सप्तत्योः (dual genitive)
सप्ततीनाम् (genitive plural)
सप्ततौ (locative singular)
सप्तत्याम्2 (locative singular)
सप्तता1 (locative singular)
सप्तत्योः (dual locative)
सप्ततिषु (locative plural)

Pali: sattati, sattari

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀢𑀺 (sattati), 𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀭𑀺 (sattari)

Kashmiri: سَتَتھ (satath)

Punjabi: ਸੱਤਰ (sattar)

Nepali: सत्तरी (sattarī)

Assamese: সত্তৰ (xottor)

Bengali: সত্তর (śottor)

Hindustani:

Hindi: सत्तर (sattar)

Urdu: ستر (sattar)

Gujarati: સિત્તેર (sitter)

Marathi: सत्तर (sattar)

Sinhalese: හැත්තෑව (hættǣwa)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *saptatí, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *saptatí, from Proto-Indo-European *septḿ̥dḱomt (“seven-ten”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἑβδομήκοντα (hebdomḗkonta), Latin septuāgintā.


अशीति

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अशीति • (aśītí) f

aśītí (romanization)
अशीतिः (nominative singular)
अशीती (dual nominative)
अशीतयः (nominative plural)
अशीते (singular vocative)
अशीती (dual vocative)
अशीतयः (plural vocative)
अशीतिम् (accusative singular)
अशीती (accusative dual)
अशीतीः (accusative plural)
अशीत्या (instrumental singular)
अशीती1 (instrumental singular)
अशीतिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अशीतिभिः (instrumental plural)
अशीतये (dative singular)
अशीत्यै2 (dative singular)
अशीती1 (dative singular)
अशीतिभ्याम् (dative dual)
अशीतिभ्यः (dative plural)
अशीतेः (ablative singular)
अशीत्याः2 (ablative singular)
अशीत्यै3 (ablative singular)
अशीतिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अशीतिभ्यः (ablative plural)
अशीतेः (genitive singular)
अशीत्याः2 (genitive singular)
अशीत्यै3 (genitive singular)
अशीत्योः (dual genitive)
अशीतीनाम् (genitive plural)
अशीतौ (locative singular)
अशीत्याम्2 (locative singular)
अशीता1 (locative singular)
अशीत्योः (dual locative)
अशीतिषु (locative plural)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *aśiHtíṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *aštaHtí, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtódḱomt (“eight-ten”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὀγδοήκοντα (ogdoḗkonta), Latin octōgintā.


नवति

navatí (romanization)
नवतिः (nominative singular)
नवती (dual nominative)
नवतयः (nominative plural)
नवते (singular vocative)
नवती (dual vocative)
नवतयः (plural vocative)
नवतिम् (accusative singular)
नवती (accusative dual)
नवतीः (accusative plural)
नवत्या (instrumental singular)
नवती1 (instrumental singular)
नवतिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नवतिभिः (instrumental plural)
नवतये (dative singular)
नवत्यै2 (dative singular)
नवती1 (dative singular)
नवतिभ्याम् (dative dual)
नवतिभ्यः (dative plural)
नवतेः (ablative singular)
नवत्याः2 (ablative singular)
नवत्यै3 (ablative singular)
नवतिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नवतिभ्यः (ablative plural)
नवतेः (genitive singular)
नवत्याः2 (genitive singular)
नवत्यै3 (genitive singular)
नवत्योः (dual genitive)
नवतीनाम् (genitive plural)
नवतौ (locative singular)
नवत्याम्2 (locative singular)
नवता1 (locative singular)
नवत्योः (dual locative)
नवतिषु (locative plural)

Pali: navuti

Prakrit: 𑀡𑀉𑀇 (ṇaüi) (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Kashmiri: نَمَتھ (namath) (semi-learned)

→ Marathi: नव्वद (navvad) (semi-learned)

→ Saurashtra: ꢥꢮꢣꢸ (navadu)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hnawatíṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hnawatí, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥dḱomt (“nine-ten”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐνενήκοντα (enenḗkonta), Latin nōnāgintā.


अर्क

arká (romanization)
अर्कः (nominative singular)
अर्कौ (dual nominative)
अर्का1 (dual nominative)
अर्काः (nominative plural)
अर्कासः1 (nominative plural)
अर्क (singular vocative)
अर्कौ (dual vocative)
अर्का1 (dual vocative)
अर्काः (plural vocative)
अर्कासः1 (plural vocative)
अर्कम् (accusative singular)
अर्कौ (accusative dual)
अर्का1 (accusative dual)
अर्कान् (accusative plural)
अर्केण (instrumental singular)
अर्काभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अर्कैः (instrumental plural)
अर्केभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अर्काय (dative singular)
अर्काभ्याम् (dative dual)
अर्केभ्यः (dative plural)
अर्कात् (ablative singular)
अर्काभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अर्केभ्यः (ablative plural)
अर्कस्य (genitive singular)
अर्कयोः (dual genitive)
अर्काणाम् (genitive plural)
अर्के (locative singular)
अर्कयोः (dual locative)
अर्केषु (locative plural)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਅੱਕ (akka)

Shahmukhi script: اکّ (akk)

→ Tamil: அருக்கன் (arukkaṉ)

→ Tocharian B: ārk


त्रयस्त्रिंशत्

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त्रयस्त्रिंशत् • (tráyastriṃśat)

Dardic:

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تیٚیہِ ترٕٛہ

Kashmiri: تیٚیہِ ترٕٛہ, तीत्र॒ह् (tītra॒h), तयत्र॒ह् (tayatra॒h)

Eastern:

Assamese: তেত্ৰিছ (tetris), তেত্ৰিশ (tetrix)

Bengali: তেত্রিশ (tetriś)

Pali: tettiṃsa

Prakrit: 𑀢𑁂𑀢𑀻𑀲 (tetīsa), 𑀢𑁂𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀲 (tĕttīsa), 𑀢𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀲 (tittīsa), 𑀢𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀲 (tittisa)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀢𑀸𑀬𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀲 (tāyattīsa)

Northern:

Bhalesi: तेत्त्री (téttrī)

Northwestern:

Punjabic:

Lahnda: [script needed] (tētrī)

Punjabi: ਤੇਤਰੇ (tetre)

Sindhi: [script needed] (ṭreṭrīha)

Western:

Gujarati: તેત્રીસ (tetrīs), તેત્રીશ (tetrīś)

/t̪ɾɐ.jɐs̪.t̪ɾĩ.ɕɐt̪/

त्रयस् (trayas, “three”) + त्रिंशत् (triṃśat, “thirty”).

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श्रु॒ष्टी॒वानो॒ हि दा॒शुषे॑ दे॒वा अ॑ग्ने॒ विचे॑तसः ।
तान् रो॑हिदश्व गिर्वण॒स् त्रय॑स्त्रिंशत॒म् आ व॑ह ॥
śruṣṭīvā́no hí dāśúṣe devā́ agne vícetasaḥ.

Agni, the Gods who understand give ear unto the worshipper:
Lord of Red Steeds, who lovest song, bring thou those Three-and-Thirty Gods.

tā́n rohidaśva girvaṇas tráyastriṃśatam ā́ vaha.


पञ्चचत्वारिंशत्

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पञ्चचत्वारिंशत् • (páñcacatvāriṃśat)

Central:

Hindi: पैंतालीस (pa͠itālīs)

Lakhimpuri Awadhi: पैंतालीस (pa͠itālīs)

Dardic:

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पा॑न्च़ता॑जी

Kashmiri: पा॑न्च़ता॑जी (pā॑nċatā॑jī)

Kashmiri: पा॑न्च़ता॑जी (pā॑nċatā॑jī)

Eastern:

Bengali: পঁয়তাল্লিশ (põẏotalliś)

Odia: ପଇଞ୍ଚାଳିଶ (paiñcāḷiśa), ପଞ୍ଚାଳିଶ (pañcāḷiśa)

Niya Prakrit: 𐨤𐨎𐨕𐨕𐨤𐨪𐨁𐨭 (paṃcacapariśa)

Northern:

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: पैतालिस (paitālis), पैंतालीस (pa͠itālīs)

Western Pahari:

Bhalesi: पंचतालि (panċtāli)

Northwestern:

Punjabic:

Lahnda: پینتالی (pễtālī)

Punjabi: ਪੈਂਤਾਲੀ (paintālī), ਪੰਜਤਾਲੀ (pañjtālī), ਪੰਤਾਲੀ (pantālī)

Sindhi: پنجيتاليهه (pañjetālīha)

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀘𑀆𑀮𑀻𑀲 (pacaālīsa), 𑀧𑀡𑀬𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀲 (paṇayālīsa), 𑀧𑀡𑀬𑀸𑀮 (paṇayāla)

Southern:

Insular:

Old Dhivehi: [script needed] (fansayāḷīs)

Old Sinhalese: [script needed] (pansālis)

Marathi: पंचेचाळ (pañcecāḷ), पंचेचाळीस (pañcecāḷīs), पंचेताळ (pañcetāḷ), पंचेताळीस (pañcetāḷīs), पस्ताळीस (pastāḷīs), पस्ताळ (pastāḷ)

Western:

Gujarati: પિસ્તાલીસ (pistālīs)

/pɐ́ɲ.t͡ɕɐ.t͡ɕɐt.ʋɑː.ɾĩ.ɕɐt/

/pɐɲ.t͡ɕɐ.t͡ɕɐt̪.ʋɑː.ɾĩ.ɕɐt̪/

पञ्च (pañca, “five”) + चत्वारिंशत् (catvāriṃśat, “forty”).

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षोडशात्मनो ऽकुरुत पञ्चचत्वारिंशद् इष्टकान्त् स नैव व्याप्नोन् न सप्तदशधा व्यभवत्

c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa 10.4.2.14

He made himself sixteen bodies of forty-five bricks each: he did not succeed. He did not develop seventeenfold.

ṣoḍaśātmano ʼkuruta pañcacatvāriṃśad iṣṭakānt sa naiva vyāpnon na saptadaśadhā vyabhavat


चतुर्गुण

cáturguṇa (romanization)
चतुर्गुणः (nominative singular)
चतुर्गुणौ (dual nominative)
चतुर्गुणा1 (dual nominative)
चतुर्गुणाः (nominative plural)
चतुर्गुणासः1 (nominative plural)
चतुर्गुण (singular vocative)
चतुर्गुणौ (dual vocative)
चतुर्गुणा1 (dual vocative)
चतुर्गुणाः (plural vocative)
चतुर्गुणासः1 (plural vocative)
चतुर्गुणम् (accusative singular)
चतुर्गुणौ (accusative dual)
चतुर्गुणा1 (accusative dual)
चतुर्गुणान् (accusative plural)
चतुर्गुणेन (instrumental singular)
चतुर्गुणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चतुर्गुणैः (instrumental plural)
चतुर्गुणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
चतुर्गुणाय (dative singular)
चतुर्गुणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
चतुर्गुणेभ्यः (dative plural)
चतुर्गुणात् (ablative singular)
चतुर्गुणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चतुर्गुणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
चतुर्गुणस्य (genitive singular)
चतुर्गुणयोः (dual genitive)
चतुर्गुणानाम् (genitive plural)
चतुर्गुणे (locative singular)
चतुर्गुणयोः (dual locative)
चतुर्गुणेषु (locative plural)
चतुर्गुणा (nominative singular)
चतुर्गुणे (dual nominative)
चतुर्गुणाः (nominative plural)
चतुर्गुणे (singular vocative)
चतुर्गुणे (dual vocative)
चतुर्गुणाः (plural vocative)
चतुर्गुणाम् (accusative singular)
चतुर्गुणे (accusative dual)
चतुर्गुणाः (accusative plural)
चतुर्गुणया (instrumental singular)
चतुर्गुणा1 (instrumental singular)
चतुर्गुणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चतुर्गुणाभिः (instrumental plural)
चतुर्गुणायै (dative singular)
चतुर्गुणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
चतुर्गुणाभ्यः (dative plural)
चतुर्गुणायाः (ablative singular)
चतुर्गुणायै2 (ablative singular)
चतुर्गुणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चतुर्गुणाभ्यः (ablative plural)
चतुर्गुणायाः (genitive singular)
चतुर्गुणायै2 (genitive singular)
चतुर्गुणयोः (dual genitive)
चतुर्गुणानाम् (genitive plural)
चतुर्गुणायाम् (locative singular)
चतुर्गुणयोः (dual locative)
चतुर्गुणासु (locative plural)
चतुर्गुणम् (nominative singular)
चतुर्गुणे (dual nominative)
चतुर्गुणानि (nominative plural)
चतुर्गुणा1 (nominative plural)
चतुर्गुण (singular vocative)
चतुर्गुणे (dual vocative)
चतुर्गुणानि (plural vocative)
चतुर्गुणा1 (plural vocative)
चतुर्गुणम् (accusative singular)
चतुर्गुणे (accusative dual)
चतुर्गुणानि (accusative plural)
चतुर्गुणा1 (accusative plural)
चतुर्गुणेन (instrumental singular)
चतुर्गुणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चतुर्गुणैः (instrumental plural)
चतुर्गुणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
चतुर्गुणाय (dative singular)
चतुर्गुणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
चतुर्गुणेभ्यः (dative plural)
चतुर्गुणात् (ablative singular)
चतुर्गुणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चतुर्गुणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
चतुर्गुणस्य (genitive singular)
चतुर्गुणयोः (dual genitive)
चतुर्गुणानाम् (genitive plural)
चतुर्गुणे (locative singular)
चतुर्गुणयोः (dual locative)
चतुर्गुणेषु (locative plural)

Pali: catugguṇa

Prakrit: 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡 (caügguṇa) (see there for further descendants)

→ Hindi: चतुर्गुण (caturguṇ)

→ Thai: จตุรคูณ (jà-dtù-rá-kuun)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres
Proto-Indo-Iranian *čatwā́ras
Sanskrit चतुर् (catur)
Sanskrit गुण (guṇa)
Sanskrit चतुर्गुण (caturguṇa)
Bahuvrīhi compound of चतुर् (catur, “four”) + गुण (guṇa, “times, fold”, in compounds).

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c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa

तथा चोक्तम्
आहारो द्विगुणः स्त्रीणां बुद्धिस्तासां चतुर्गुणा ।
षड्गुणो व्यवसायश्च कामश्चाष्टगुणः स्मृतः ॥
tathā coktam
āhāro dviguṇaḥ strīṇāṃ buddhistāsāṃ caturguṇā.

c. 800 CE – 950 CE, Nārāyaṇa, Hitopadeśa

Thus, it is said: livelihood of women is double, their intelligence is quadruple, their resolution is sextuple, and their desire is octuple.

ṣaḍguṇo vyavasāyaśca kāmaścāṣṭaguṇaḥ smṛtaḥ.


अष्टाचत्वारिंशत्

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अष्टाचत्वारिंशत् • (aṣṭā́catvāriṃśat)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: अरता॑जिह् (aratā॑jih)

Pali: aṭṭhacattārīsaṃ

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𑀅𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀘𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀲

Prakrit: 𑀅𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀘𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀲 (aṭṭhacattālīsa), 𑀅𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀢𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀲 (aṭṭhatālīsa), 𑀅𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀬𑀸𑀮 (aṭṭhayāla), 𑀅𑀟𑀬𑀸𑀮 (aḍayāla), 𑀅𑀟𑀬𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀲 (aḍayālīsa)

/ɐʂ.ʈɑ́ː.t͡ɕɐt.ʋɑː.ɾĩ.ɕɐt/

/ɐʂ.ʈɑː.t͡ɕɐt̪.ʋɑː.ɾĩ.ɕɐt̪/

अष्ट (aṣṭa, “eight”) + चत्वारिंशत् (catvāriṃśat, “forty”).

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पञ्चदशात्मनो ऽकुरुत अष्टाचत्वारिंशद् इष्टकान्त् स नैव व्याप्नोत्

c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa 10.4.2.13

He made himself fifteen bodies of forty-eight bricks each: he did not succeed.

pañcadaśātmano ʼkuruta aṣṭācatvāriṃśad iṣṭakānt sa naiva vyāpnot


पञ्चगुण

pañcaguṇa (romanization)
पञ्चगुणः (nominative singular)
पञ्चगुणौ (dual nominative)
पञ्चगुणा1 (dual nominative)
पञ्चगुणाः (nominative plural)
पञ्चगुणासः1 (nominative plural)
पञ्चगुण (singular vocative)
पञ्चगुणौ (dual vocative)
पञ्चगुणा1 (dual vocative)
पञ्चगुणाः (plural vocative)
पञ्चगुणासः1 (plural vocative)
पञ्चगुणम् (accusative singular)
पञ्चगुणौ (accusative dual)
पञ्चगुणा1 (accusative dual)
पञ्चगुणान् (accusative plural)
पञ्चगुणेन (instrumental singular)
पञ्चगुणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पञ्चगुणैः (instrumental plural)
पञ्चगुणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पञ्चगुणाय (dative singular)
पञ्चगुणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पञ्चगुणेभ्यः (dative plural)
पञ्चगुणात् (ablative singular)
पञ्चगुणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पञ्चगुणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पञ्चगुणस्य (genitive singular)
पञ्चगुणयोः (dual genitive)
पञ्चगुणानाम् (genitive plural)
पञ्चगुणे (locative singular)
पञ्चगुणयोः (dual locative)
पञ्चगुणेषु (locative plural)
पञ्चगुणा (nominative singular)
पञ्चगुणे (dual nominative)
पञ्चगुणाः (nominative plural)
पञ्चगुणे (singular vocative)
पञ्चगुणे (dual vocative)
पञ्चगुणाः (plural vocative)
पञ्चगुणाम् (accusative singular)
पञ्चगुणे (accusative dual)
पञ्चगुणाः (accusative plural)
पञ्चगुणया (instrumental singular)
पञ्चगुणा1 (instrumental singular)
पञ्चगुणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पञ्चगुणाभिः (instrumental plural)
पञ्चगुणायै (dative singular)
पञ्चगुणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पञ्चगुणाभ्यः (dative plural)
पञ्चगुणायाः (ablative singular)
पञ्चगुणायै2 (ablative singular)
पञ्चगुणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पञ्चगुणाभ्यः (ablative plural)
पञ्चगुणायाः (genitive singular)
पञ्चगुणायै2 (genitive singular)
पञ्चगुणयोः (dual genitive)
पञ्चगुणानाम् (genitive plural)
पञ्चगुणायाम् (locative singular)
पञ्चगुणयोः (dual locative)
पञ्चगुणासु (locative plural)
पञ्चगुणम् (nominative singular)
पञ्चगुणे (dual nominative)
पञ्चगुणानि (nominative plural)
पञ्चगुणा1 (nominative plural)
पञ्चगुण (singular vocative)
पञ्चगुणे (dual vocative)
पञ्चगुणानि (plural vocative)
पञ्चगुणा1 (plural vocative)
पञ्चगुणम् (accusative singular)
पञ्चगुणे (accusative dual)
पञ्चगुणानि (accusative plural)
पञ्चगुणा1 (accusative plural)
पञ्चगुणेन (instrumental singular)
पञ्चगुणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पञ्चगुणैः (instrumental plural)
पञ्चगुणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पञ्चगुणाय (dative singular)
पञ्चगुणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पञ्चगुणेभ्यः (dative plural)
पञ्चगुणात् (ablative singular)
पञ्चगुणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पञ्चगुणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पञ्चगुणस्य (genitive singular)
पञ्चगुणयोः (dual genitive)
पञ्चगुणानाम् (genitive plural)
पञ्चगुणे (locative singular)
पञ्चगुणयोः (dual locative)
पञ्चगुणेषु (locative plural)

/pɐɲ.t͡ɕɐ.ɡu.ɳɐ/

/pɐɲ.t͡ɕɐ.ɡu.ɳɐ/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe
Proto-Indo-Iranian *pánča
Sanskrit पञ्चन् (pañcan)
Sanskrit पञ्च (pañca)
Sanskrit गुण (guṇa)
Sanskrit पञ्चगुण (pañcaguṇa)
Bahuvrīhi compound of पञ्चन् (pañcan, “five”) + गुण (guṇa, “times, fold”, in compounds).