ज

já (romanization)
जः (nominative singular)
जौ (dual nominative)
जा1 (dual nominative)
जाः (nominative plural)
जासः1 (nominative plural)
ज (singular vocative)
जौ (dual vocative)
जा1 (dual vocative)
जाः (plural vocative)
जासः1 (plural vocative)
जम् (accusative singular)
जौ (accusative dual)
जा1 (accusative dual)
जान् (accusative plural)
जेन (instrumental singular)
जाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जैः (instrumental plural)
जेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
जाय (dative singular)
जाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जेभ्यः (dative plural)
जात् (ablative singular)
जाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जस्य (genitive singular)
जयोः (dual genitive)
जानाम् (genitive plural)
जे (locative singular)
जयोः (dual locative)
जेषु (locative plural)

पिशाच पिशाच#Sanskrit

a पिशाच (piśāca, “fiend, ogre, demon, imp, malevolent or devilish being”)


मातृ

mā́tṛ (romanization)
माता (nominative singular)
मातारौ (dual nominative)
मातारा1 (dual nominative)
मातारः (nominative plural)
मातः (singular vocative)
मातारौ (dual vocative)
मातारा1 (dual vocative)
मातारः (plural vocative)
मातारम् (accusative singular)
मातारौ (accusative dual)
मातारा1 (accusative dual)
मातॄन् (accusative plural)
मात्रा (instrumental singular)
मातृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मातृभिः (instrumental plural)
मात्रे (dative singular)
मातृभ्याम् (dative dual)
मातृभ्यः (dative plural)
मातुः (ablative singular)
मातृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मातृभ्यः (ablative plural)
मातुः (genitive singular)
मात्रोः (dual genitive)
मातॄणाम् (genitive plural)
मातरि (locative singular)
मात्रोः (dual locative)
मातृषु (locative plural)


पाणिनि

head

पाणिनि • (Pāṇini) m

Pāṇini (romanization)
पाणिनिः (nominative singular)
पाणिनी (dual nominative)
पाणिनयः (nominative plural)
पाणिने (singular vocative)
पाणिनी (dual vocative)
पाणिनयः (plural vocative)
पाणिनिम् (accusative singular)
पाणिनी (accusative dual)
पाणिनीन् (accusative plural)
पाणिनिना (instrumental singular)
पाणिनिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पाणिनिभिः (instrumental plural)
पाणिनये (dative singular)
पाणिनिभ्याम् (dative dual)
पाणिनिभ्यः (dative plural)
पाणिनेः (ablative singular)
पाणिनिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पाणिनिभ्यः (ablative plural)
पाणिनेः (genitive singular)
पाणिन्योः (dual genitive)
पाणिनीनाम् (genitive plural)
पाणिनौ (locative singular)
पाणिन्योः (dual locative)
पाणिनिषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine i-stem declension of पाणिनि

पाणिनिभ्याम्

पाणिनिभ्याम्

पाणिनिभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

पाणिनिभ्याम्

पाणिनिभ्याम्

पाणिनिभ्याम्

From पणिन (paṇina), from the root पण् (paṇ, “to buy, negotiate, praise”).


पत्नी

pátnī (romanization)
पति (masculine)
पत्नी (nominative singular)
पत्न्यौ (dual nominative)
पत्नी1 (dual nominative)
पत्न्यः (nominative plural)
पत्नीः1 (nominative plural)
पत्नि (singular vocative)
पत्न्यौ (dual vocative)
पत्नी1 (dual vocative)
पत्न्यः (plural vocative)
पत्नीः1 (plural vocative)
पत्नीम् (accusative singular)
पत्न्यौ (accusative dual)
पत्नी1 (accusative dual)
पत्नीः (accusative plural)
पत्न्या (instrumental singular)
पत्नीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पत्नीभिः (instrumental plural)
पत्न्यै (dative singular)
पत्नीभ्याम् (dative dual)
पत्नीभ्यः (dative plural)
पत्न्याः (ablative singular)
पत्न्यै2 (ablative singular)
पत्नीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पत्नीभ्यः (ablative plural)
पत्न्याः (genitive singular)
पत्न्यै2 (genitive singular)
पत्न्योः (dual genitive)
पत्नीनाम् (genitive plural)
पत्न्याम् (locative singular)
पत्न्योः (dual locative)
पत्नीषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻 (pattī)

→ Assamese: পত্নী (potni) (learned)

→ Bengali: পত্নী (potni) (learned)

→ Gujarati: પત્ની (patnī) (learned)

→ Hindustani: patnī (learned)

Hindi: पत्नी

Urdu: پتنی

→ Kannada: ಪತ್ನಿ (patni) (learned)

→ Malayalam: പത്നി (patni) (learned)

→ Marathi: पत्नी (patnī) (learned)

→ Nepali: पत्नी (patnī) (learned)

→ Odia: ପତ୍ନୀ (patni) (learned)

→ Punjabi: ਪਤਣੀ (patṇī) (learned)

→ Tamil: பத்தினி (pattiṉi) (learned)

→ Telugu: పత్ని (patni) (learned)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pátniH (“wife, mistress”), from Proto-Indo-European *pótnih₂ (“wife”), feminine of *pótis (“husband, lord, master”). Cognate with Avestan *𐬞𐬀𐬚𐬥𐬍 (*paθnī, attested in compounds), Ancient Greek πότνια (pótnia, “lady, mistress”), a title that was given to several goddesses.

cog

अव॒ स्यूमे॑व चिन्व॒ती म॒घोन्यु॒षा या॑ति॒ स्वस॑रस्य॒ पत्नी॑ ।
स्व१॒॑र्जन॑न्ती सु॒भगा॑ सु॒दंसा॒ आन्ता॑द्दि॒वः प॑प्रथ॒ आ पृ॑थि॒व्याः ॥
áva syū́meva cinvatī́ maghónyuṣā́ yāti svásarasya pátnī.

Letting her reins drop downward, Morning cometh, the wealthy Dame, the Lady of the dwelling;
Bringing forth light, the Wonderful, the Blessed hath spread her from the bounds of earth and heaven.

svàrjánantī subhágā sudáṃsā ā́ntāddiváḥ papratha ā́ pṛthivyā́ḥ.


पुरुष

púruṣa (romanization)
पुरुषः (nominative singular)
पुरुषौ (dual nominative)
पुरुषा1 (dual nominative)
पुरुषाः (nominative plural)
पुरुषासः1 (nominative plural)
पुरुष (singular vocative)
पुरुषौ (dual vocative)
पुरुषा1 (dual vocative)
पुरुषाः (plural vocative)
पुरुषासः1 (plural vocative)
पुरुषम् (accusative singular)
पुरुषौ (accusative dual)
पुरुषा1 (accusative dual)
पुरुषान् (accusative plural)
पुरुषेण (instrumental singular)
पुरुषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पुरुषैः (instrumental plural)
पुरुषेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पुरुषाय (dative singular)
पुरुषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पुरुषेभ्यः (dative plural)
पुरुषात् (ablative singular)
पुरुषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पुरुषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पुरुषस्य (genitive singular)
पुरुषयोः (dual genitive)
पुरुषाणाम् (genitive plural)
पुरुषे (locative singular)
पुरुषयोः (dual locative)
पुरुषेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha:

Arabic script: پوُروُشؕ

Latin script: púruṣ

Prakrits:

desctree

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀲 (pulisa)
Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀭𑀺𑀲 (purisa)
Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀰 (puliśa)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀭𑀺𑀲 (purisa)
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀭𑀺𑀲 (purisa)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਪੁਰਖ (purakh), ਪੁਰਸ਼ (puraś)

Shahmukhi script: پُرَکھ (purakh), پُرَش (puraś)

Hindustani:

Hindi: पुरुख (purukh)

Urdu: پُرُکھ (purukh)

→ Assamese: পুৰুষ (purux)

→ Bengali: পুরুষ (puruś)

→ Gujarati: પુરુષ (puruṣ)

→ Hindi: पुरुष (puruṣ)

→ Urdu: پرش (puruś)

→ Kannada: ಪುರುಷ (puruṣa)

→ Khmer: ប្រុស (proh)

→ Lao: ບຸຣຸດ (bu rut)

→ Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: पुरुख (purukha), पुरुष (puruṣa)

Modi script: 𑘢𑘳𑘨𑘳𑘏 (purukha), 𑘢𑘳𑘨𑘳𑘬 (puruṣa)

desc

→ Tamil: புருஷன் (puruṣaṉ, “husband, man, manhood, life, people”)

→ Telugu: పురుషుడు (puruṣuḍu)

→ Thai: บุรุษ (bù-rùt)

→ Sinhalese: පුරුෂ (puruṣa)

An alteration of *pū́rṣa (by analogy with mánuṣya), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pŕ̥Hṣas (“man”); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *perh₃- (“to produce, beget”). Cognate with Pali purisa, Ashokan Prakrit 𑀧𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀲 (pulisa, “man”), Magadhi Prakrit 𑀧𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀰 (puliśa). Further related to Latin pariō (“to spawn, to beget”).

der

हे॒तिः प॒क्षिणी॒ न द॑भात्य॒स्माना॒ष्ट्र्यां प॒दं कृ॑णुते अग्नि॒धाने॑।
शं नो॒ गोभ्य॑श्च॒ पुरु॑षेभ्यश्चास्तु॒ मा नो॑ हिंसीदि॒ह दे॑वाः क॒पोत॑:॥
hetíḥ pakṣíṇī ná dabhātyasmā́nāṣṭryā́ṃ padáṃ kṛṇute agnidhā́ne.

Let not the winged Arrow distract us: beside the fire-place, on the hearth it settles.
May, it bring welfare to our men and cattle: here let the Dove, ye Gods, forbear to harm us.

śáṃ no góbhyaśca púruṣebhyaścāstu mā́ no hiṃsīdihá devāḥ kapóta:.


चिकित्सक

sa-noun

चिकित्सक • (cikitsaka) stem, m (feminine चिकित्सिका)

cikitsaka (romanization)
चिकित्सिका (feminine)
चिकित्सकः (nominative singular)
चिकित्सकौ (dual nominative)
चिकित्सका1 (dual nominative)
चिकित्सकाः (nominative plural)
चिकित्सकासः1 (nominative plural)
चिकित्सक (singular vocative)
चिकित्सकौ (dual vocative)
चिकित्सका1 (dual vocative)
चिकित्सकाः (plural vocative)
चिकित्सकासः1 (plural vocative)
चिकित्सकम् (accusative singular)
चिकित्सकौ (accusative dual)
चिकित्सका1 (accusative dual)
चिकित्सकान् (accusative plural)
चिकित्सकेन (instrumental singular)
चिकित्सकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चिकित्सकैः (instrumental plural)
चिकित्सकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
चिकित्सकाय (dative singular)
चिकित्सकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
चिकित्सकेभ्यः (dative plural)
चिकित्सकात् (ablative singular)
चिकित्सकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चिकित्सकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
चिकित्सकस्य (genitive singular)
चिकित्सकयोः (dual genitive)
चिकित्सकानाम् (genitive plural)
चिकित्सके (locative singular)
चिकित्सकयोः (dual locative)
चिकित्सकेषु (locative plural)


कवि

kaví (romanization)
कविः (nominative singular)
कवी (dual nominative)
कवयः (nominative plural)
कवे (singular vocative)
कवी (dual vocative)
कवयः (plural vocative)
कविम् (accusative singular)
कवी (accusative dual)
कवीन् (accusative plural)
कविना (instrumental singular)
कव्या1 (instrumental singular)
कविभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कविभिः (instrumental plural)
कवये (dative singular)
कविभ्याम् (dative dual)
कविभ्यः (dative plural)
कवेः (ablative singular)
कव्यः1 (ablative singular)
कविभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कविभ्यः (ablative plural)
कवेः (genitive singular)
कव्यः1 (genitive singular)
कव्योः (dual genitive)
कवीनाम् (genitive plural)
कवौ (locative singular)
कवा1 (locative singular)
कव्योः (dual locative)
कविषु (locative plural)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀓𑀇 (kaï)

Pali: kavi

→ French: kawi

desctree

→ Old Javanese: kawi
Javanese: ꦏꦮꦶ (kawi, “Old Javanese; poet”)
→ Balinese: ᬓᬯᬶ (kawi, “Old Javanese”)

→ Russian: кави (kavi)

→ Bengali: কবি (kobi) (learned)

→ Chakma: 𑄇𑄧𑄝𑄨 (kabi) (learned)

→ Hindi: कवि (kavi) (learned)

→ Kannada: ಕವಿ (kavi) (learned)

→ Malay: kawi (learned)

→ Malayalam: കവി (kavi) (learned)

→ Marathi: कवि (kavi) (learned)

→ Punjabi: ਕਵੀ (kavī) (learned)

→ Tamil: கவி (kavi) (learned)

→ Telugu: కవి (kavi) (learned)

→ Thai: กวี (gà-wii) (learned)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *káwHiš (“seer, saint, poet”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kowh₁-i-s, from *(s)kewh₁- (“to observe, to perceive”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬌 (kauui), Ancient Greek κῦδος (kûdos), Latin caveō, Old Armenian ցուցանեմ (cʻucʻanem, “I show”) and English show.

cog

स मा॒तरा॒ सूर्ये॑णा कवी॒नाम्अवा॑सयद्रु॒जदद्रिं॑ गृणा॒नः। स्वा॒धीभि॒ॠक्व॑भिर्वावशा॒न उदु॒स्रिया॑णामसृजन्नि॒दान॑म्॥

Amid the sages, with the Sun he brightened the Parents: glorified, he burst the mountain;
And, roaring with the holy-thoughted singers, he loosed the bond that held the beams of Morning.

sá mātárā sū́ryeṇā kavīnā́mávāsayadrujádádriṃ gṛṇānáḥ. svādhī́bhiṝ́kvabhirvāvaśāná údusríyāṇāmasṛjannidā́nam.

thinker, intelligent man, man of understanding, leader


कवि

kaví (romanization)
कविः (nominative singular)
कवी (dual nominative)
कवयः (nominative plural)
कवे (singular vocative)
कवी (dual vocative)
कवयः (plural vocative)
कविम् (accusative singular)
कवी (accusative dual)
कवीन् (accusative plural)
कविना (instrumental singular)
कव्या1 (instrumental singular)
कविभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कविभिः (instrumental plural)
कवये (dative singular)
कविभ्याम् (dative dual)
कविभ्यः (dative plural)
कवेः (ablative singular)
कव्यः1 (ablative singular)
कविभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कविभ्यः (ablative plural)
कवेः (genitive singular)
कव्यः1 (genitive singular)
कव्योः (dual genitive)
कवीनाम् (genitive plural)
कवौ (locative singular)
कवा1 (locative singular)
कव्योः (dual locative)
कविषु (locative plural)
कविः (nominative singular)
कवी (dual nominative)
कवयः (nominative plural)
कवे (singular vocative)
कवी (dual vocative)
कवयः (plural vocative)
कविम् (accusative singular)
कवी (accusative dual)
कवीः (accusative plural)
कव्या (instrumental singular)
कवी1 (instrumental singular)
कविभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कविभिः (instrumental plural)
कवये (dative singular)
कव्यै2 (dative singular)
कवी1 (dative singular)
कविभ्याम् (dative dual)
कविभ्यः (dative plural)
कवेः (ablative singular)
कव्याः2 (ablative singular)
कव्यै3 (ablative singular)
कविभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कविभ्यः (ablative plural)
कवेः (genitive singular)
कव्याः2 (genitive singular)
कव्यै3 (genitive singular)
कव्योः (dual genitive)
कवीनाम् (genitive plural)
कवौ (locative singular)
कव्याम्2 (locative singular)
कवा1 (locative singular)
कव्योः (dual locative)
कविषु (locative plural)
कवि (nominative singular)
कविनी (dual nominative)
कवीनि (nominative plural)
कवि1 (nominative plural)
कवी1 (nominative plural)
कवि (singular vocative)
कवे (singular vocative)
कविनी (dual vocative)
कवीनि (plural vocative)
कवि1 (plural vocative)
कवी1 (plural vocative)
कवि (accusative singular)
कविनी (accusative dual)
कवीनि (accusative plural)
कवि1 (accusative plural)
कवी1 (accusative plural)
कविना (instrumental singular)
कव्या1 (instrumental singular)
कविभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कविभिः (instrumental plural)
कविने (dative singular)
कवये1 (dative singular)
कविभ्याम् (dative dual)
कविभ्यः (dative plural)
कविनः (ablative singular)
कवेः1 (ablative singular)
कविभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कविभ्यः (ablative plural)
कविनः (genitive singular)
कवेः1 (genitive singular)
कविनोः (dual genitive)
कवीनाम् (genitive plural)
कविनि (locative singular)
कवौ1 (locative singular)
कवा1 (locative singular)
कविनोः (dual locative)
कविषु (locative plural)

पु॒रां भि॒न्दुर्युवा॑ क॒विर्अमि॑तौजा अजायत।
इन्द्रो॒ विश्व॑स्य॒ कर्म॑णो ध॒र्ता व॒ज्री पु॑रुष्टु॒तः॥
purā́ṃ bhindúryúvā kavírámitaujā ajāyata.
índro víśvasya kármaṇo dhartā́ vajrī́ puruṣṭutáḥ.
Crusher of forts, the young, the wise, of strength unmeasured, was he born

Sustainer of each sacred rite, Indra, the Thunderer, much-extolled.

gifted with insight, intelligent, knowing, enlightened, wise, sensible, prudent, skilful, cunning


पुत्री

putrī (romanization)
पुत्री (nominative singular)
पुत्र्यौ (dual nominative)
पुत्री1 (dual nominative)
पुत्र्यः (nominative plural)
पुत्रीः1 (nominative plural)
पुत्रि (singular vocative)
पुत्र्यौ (dual vocative)
पुत्री1 (dual vocative)
पुत्र्यः (plural vocative)
पुत्रीः1 (plural vocative)
पुत्रीम् (accusative singular)
पुत्र्यौ (accusative dual)
पुत्री1 (accusative dual)
पुत्रीः (accusative plural)
पुत्र्या (instrumental singular)
पुत्रीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पुत्रीभिः (instrumental plural)
पुत्र्यै (dative singular)
पुत्रीभ्याम् (dative dual)
पुत्रीभ्यः (dative plural)
पुत्र्याः (ablative singular)
पुत्र्यै2 (ablative singular)
पुत्रीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पुत्रीभ्यः (ablative plural)
पुत्र्याः (genitive singular)
पुत्र्यै2 (genitive singular)
पुत्र्योः (dual genitive)
पुत्रीणाम् (genitive plural)
पुत्र्याम् (locative singular)
पुत्र्योः (dual locative)
पुत्रीषु (locative plural)

Punjabi: ਪੁੱਤਰੀ (puttarī)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: पुत्री (putrī)

Urdu: پتری (putrī)

→ Bengali: পুত্রী (putri)

→ Khmer: បុត្រី (botrey)

→ Malayalam: പുത്രി (putri)

→ Malay: puteri

Indonesian: putri

→ Telugu: పుత్రిక f (putrika)

→ Thai: บุตรี (bùt-dtrii)


भ्रातृ

bhrā́tṛ (romanization)
भ्राता (nominative singular)
भ्रातरौ (dual nominative)
भ्रातरा1 (dual nominative)
भ्रातरः (nominative plural)
भ्रातः (singular vocative)
भ्रातरौ (dual vocative)
भ्रातरा1 (dual vocative)
भ्रातरः (plural vocative)
भ्रातरम् (accusative singular)
भ्रातरौ (accusative dual)
भ्रातरा1 (accusative dual)
भ्रातॄन् (accusative plural)
भ्रात्रा (instrumental singular)
भ्रातृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भ्रातृभिः (instrumental plural)
भ्रात्रे (dative singular)
भ्रातृभ्याम् (dative dual)
भ्रातृभ्यः (dative plural)
भ्रातुः (ablative singular)
भ्रातृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भ्रातृभ्यः (ablative plural)
भ्रातुः (genitive singular)
भ्रात्रोः (dual genitive)
भ्रातॄणाम् (genitive plural)
भ्रातरि (locative singular)
भ्रात्रोः (dual locative)
भ्रातृषु (locative plural)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀪𑀸𑀢𑀼 (bhātu)

desc

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀪𑀸𑀆 (bhāā), 𑀪𑀸𑀇 (bhāi), 𑀪𑀸𑀇𑀓 (bhāika)

Old Bengali:

Bengali: ভাই (bhai), ভাইয়া (bhaiẏa)

Sylheti: ꠜꠣꠁ (bái)

Kamarupi Prakrit: 𑀪𑀸𑀆 (bhāā), 𑀪𑀸𑀇 (bhāi)

desctree

Early Assamese: ভাই (bhai)
Assamese: ভাই (bhai)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀪𑀸𑀉 (bhāu)
Konkani: bhāv
Devanagari script: भाव
Kannada script: ಭಾವ್
Latin script: bhav
Old Marathi:
Devanagari script: भाउ (bhāu), भाव (bhāva)
Modi script: 𑘥𑘰𑘄 (bhāu), 𑘥𑘰𑘪 (bhāva)
Marathi: भाऊ (bhāū)

desc

Niya Prakrit: 𐨧𐨿𐨪𐨟 (bhrata), 𐨧𐨿𐨪𐨟𐨂 (bhratu)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਭਾਈ (bhāī) / بھائی (bhā'ī)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀪𑀸𑀆 (bhāā), 𑀪𑀸𑀇 (bhāi)

desctree

Old Gujarati: भाई (bhāī)
Gujarati: ભાઈ (bhāī)

Old Hindi:

Hindi: भाई (bhāī)

Urdu: بھائی (bhāī)

→ English: bhai

Romani: phral (see there for further descendants)

Dardic

Kashmiri: بوے (bōē)

Pali: bhātar

→ Bengali: ভ্রাতা (bhrata)

desc

→ Hindi: भ्राता (bhrātā), भ्रातृ (bhrātŕ)

→ Telugu: భ్రాత (bhrāta)

/bʱɾɑ́ː.tr̩/

/ˈbʱɾɑː.t̪r̩/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰráHtā (“brother”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr (“brother”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬠𐬭𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 (brātar), Ancient Greek φρᾱ́τηρ (phrā́tēr), Latin frater, Persian برادر (barâdar), Proto-Slavic *bràtrъ, English brother.

(by extension) kinsman, relative
cousin (especially paternal cousin)


स्वसृ

svásṛ (romanization)
स्वसा (nominative singular)
स्वसारौ (dual nominative)
स्वसारा1 (dual nominative)
स्वसारः (nominative plural)
स्वसः (singular vocative)
स्वसारौ (dual vocative)
स्वसारा1 (dual vocative)
स्वसारः (plural vocative)
स्वसारम् (accusative singular)
स्वसारौ (accusative dual)
स्वसारा1 (accusative dual)
स्वसॄः (accusative plural)
स्वस्रा (instrumental singular)
स्वसृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्वसृभिः (instrumental plural)
स्वस्रे (dative singular)
स्वसृभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्वसृभ्यः (dative plural)
स्वसुः (ablative singular)
स्वसृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्वसृभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्वसुः (genitive singular)
स्वस्रोः (dual genitive)
स्वसॄणाम् (genitive plural)
स्वसरि (locative singular)
स्वस्रोः (dual locative)
स्वसृषु (locative plural)
स्वसा (nominative singular)
स्वसे (dual nominative)
स्वसाः (nominative plural)
स्वसे (singular vocative)
स्वसे (dual vocative)
स्वसाः (plural vocative)
स्वसाम् (accusative singular)
स्वसे (accusative dual)
स्वसाः (accusative plural)
स्वसया (instrumental singular)
स्वसा1 (instrumental singular)
स्वसाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्वसाभिः (instrumental plural)
स्वसायै (dative singular)
स्वसाभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्वसाभ्यः (dative plural)
स्वसायाः (ablative singular)
स्वसायै2 (ablative singular)
स्वसाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्वसाभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्वसायाः (genitive singular)
स्वसायै2 (genitive singular)
स्वसयोः (dual genitive)
स्वसानाम् (genitive plural)
स्वसायाम् (locative singular)
स्वसयोः (dual locative)
स्वसासु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Dameli: [script needed] (pas)

Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (sasī)

Grangali: [script needed] (pas)

Kalami: [script needed] (išpō)

Khowar: اِسپُسار (ispusár)

Kohistani Shina: [script needed] (săs)

Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (sawō)

Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (sāī)

Shina: [script needed] (sa)

Shumashti: [script needed] (pas)

Tirahi: [script needed] (spas)

Torwali: شُو (šū)

Gandhari: 𐨯𐨿𐨤𐨯𐨂 (spasu)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀲𑀸 (sasā)

→ Bengali: স্বসা (swasā)

/ˈs̪ʋɐ.s̪r̩/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *swásā (“sister”), from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr (“sister”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬀𐬭 (xᵛaŋhar), Persian خواهر (xwâhar), Latin soror, Old Prussian swestro, Old Church Slavonic сестра (sestra), Tocharian A ṣar, Old English sweoster (whence English sister).

अप॒ स्वसु॑र्उ॒षसो॒ नग्जि॑हीते रि॒णक्ति॑ कृ॒ष्णीर॑रु॒षाय॒ पन्था॑म्।
अश्वा॑मघा॒ गोम॑घा वां हुवेम॒ दिवा॒ नक्तं॒ शरु॑म॒स्मद्यु॑योतम्॥
ápa svásuruṣáso nágjihīte riṇákti kṛṣṇī́raruṣā́ya pánthām.

The Night retireth from the Dawn her Sister; the Dark one yieldeth to the Red her pathway.
Let us invoke you rich in steeds and cattle - by day and night keep far from us the arrow.

áśvāmaghā gómaghā vāṃ huvema dívā náktaṃ śárumasmádyuyotam.


पितृ

pitṛ́ (romanization)
पिता (nominative singular)
पितरौ (dual nominative)
पितरा1 (dual nominative)
पितरः (nominative plural)
पितः (singular vocative)
पितरौ (dual vocative)
पितरा1 (dual vocative)
पितरः (plural vocative)
पितरम् (accusative singular)
पितरौ (accusative dual)
पितरा1 (accusative dual)
पितॄन् (accusative plural)
पितरः (accusative plural)
पित्रा (instrumental singular)
पितृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पितृभिः (instrumental plural)
पित्रे (dative singular)
पितृभ्याम् (dative dual)
पितृभ्यः (dative plural)
पितुः (ablative singular)
पितृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पितृभ्यः (ablative plural)
पितुः (genitive singular)
पित्रोः (dual genitive)
पितॄणाम् (genitive plural)
पितरि (locative singular)
पित्रोः (dual locative)
पितृषु (locative plural)

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: පියා (piyā)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Odia: ପିଅର (piara)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਪਿੱਤਰ (pittar)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani: piu

Hindi: पिउ

Urdu: پِئُ

Pali: pitar

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *pHtā́ (“father”), from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr (“father”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬌𐬙𐬀𐬭 (pitar), Latin pater, Ancient Greek πᾰτήρ (patḗr), Old Armenian հայր (hayr), Old Persian 𐎱𐎡𐎫𐎠 (p-i-t-a /pitā/) (whence Persian پدر (pedar)), Old English fæder (whence English father).

आ तत् ते दस्र मन्तुमः पूषन्न् अवो वृणीमहे ।
येन पितॄन् अचोदयः ॥
ā tat te dasra mantumaḥ pūṣann avo vṛṇīmahe.
yena pitṝn acodayaḥ.

Wise Pūṣan, Wonder-Worker, we claim of thee now the aid wherewith thou furtheredst our ancestors of old.

(in the plural) paternal ancestor; forefather

देवमनुष्या दिशो व्यभजन्त प्राचीं देवा दक्षिणा पितरः प्रतीचीम् मनुष्या उदीचीꣳ रुद्राः । यत् प्राचीनवꣳशं करोति देवलोकम् एव तद् यजमान उपावर्तते परि श्रयति । अन्तर्हितो हि देवलोको मनुष्यलोकात् ।

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) VI.1.1

The gods and the men divided the quarters [of the world]; the gods (obtained) the eastern, the Pitrs (obtained) the southern, men (obtained) the western, the Rudras (obtained) the northern. In that, he makes a hall with beams pointing east, the worshipper approaches the world of the gods. He covers it over, for the world of the gods is hidden from the world of men.

devamanuṣyā diśo vyabhajanta prācīṃ devā dakṣiṇā pitaraḥ pratīcīm manuṣyā udīcīṃ rudrāḥ. yat prācīnavaṃśaṃ karoti devalokam eva tad yajamāna upāvartate pari śrayati. antarhito hi devaloko manuṣyalokāt.

The Pitrs; spirits of the deceased ancestors venerated in the Vedic religion


देवर

devará (romanization)
देवरः (nominative singular)
देवरौ (dual nominative)
देवरा1 (dual nominative)
देवराः (nominative plural)
देवरासः1 (nominative plural)
देवर (singular vocative)
देवरौ (dual vocative)
देवरा1 (dual vocative)
देवराः (plural vocative)
देवरासः1 (plural vocative)
देवरम् (accusative singular)
देवरौ (accusative dual)
देवरा1 (accusative dual)
देवरान् (accusative plural)
देवरेण (instrumental singular)
देवराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
देवरैः (instrumental plural)
देवरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
देवराय (dative singular)
देवराभ्याम् (dative dual)
देवरेभ्यः (dative plural)
देवरात् (ablative singular)
देवराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
देवरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
देवरस्य (genitive singular)
देवरयोः (dual genitive)
देवराणाम् (genitive plural)
देवरे (locative singular)
देवरयोः (dual locative)
देवरेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: diór

Kashmiri: درُٛے

Bengali: দেবর (debor)

Gujarati: દિયર (diyar)

Hindi: देवर (devar)

Marathi: देवर (devar)

Nepali: देवर (dewar)

Punjabi: ਦਿਓਰ (diora)

→ Telugu: దేవరుడు (dēvaruḍu)

Urdu: دیور (devar)

/dɐj.ʋɐ.ɾɐ́/

/ˈd̪eː.ʋɐ.ɾɐ/

Derived from देवृ (devṛ); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dayh₂wḗr (“brother in law”).

inh

woman's brother-in-law, husband's brother


ग्ना

gnā́ (romanization)
gnáas (Vedic)
ग्नाः (nominative singular)
ग्नौ (dual nominative)
ग्ना1 (dual nominative)
ग्नाः (nominative plural)
ग्नाः (singular vocative)
ग्नौ (dual vocative)
ग्ना1 (dual vocative)
ग्नाः (plural vocative)
ग्नाम् (accusative singular)
ग्नौ (accusative dual)
ग्ना1 (accusative dual)
ग्नाः (accusative plural)
ग्नः2 (accusative plural)
ग्ना (instrumental singular)
ग्नाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ग्नाभिः (instrumental plural)
ग्ने (dative singular)
ग्नाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ग्नाभ्यः (dative plural)
ग्नः (ablative singular)
ग्नाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ग्नाभ्यः (ablative plural)
ग्नः (genitive singular)
ग्नोः (dual genitive)
ग्नानाम् (genitive plural)
ग्नाम्2 (genitive plural)
ग्नि (locative singular)
ग्नोः (dual locative)
ग्नासु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *gnáHs, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gnáHs, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷnéh₂-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬆𐬥𐬀 (gəna), English queen. Doublet of जनि (jáni).


दुहितृ

duhitṛ́ (romanization)
दुह् (root)
दुहिता (nominative singular)
दुहितरौ (dual nominative)
दुहितरा1 (dual nominative)
दुहितरः (nominative plural)
दुहितः (singular vocative)
दुहितरौ (dual vocative)
दुहितरा1 (dual vocative)
दुहितरः (plural vocative)
दुहितरम् (accusative singular)
दुहितरौ (accusative dual)
दुहितरा1 (accusative dual)
दुहितॄः (accusative plural)
दुहित्रा (instrumental singular)
दुहितृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दुहितृभिः (instrumental plural)
दुहित्रे (dative singular)
दुहितृभ्याम् (dative dual)
दुहितृभ्यः (dative plural)
दुहितुः (ablative singular)
दुहितृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दुहितृभ्यः (ablative plural)
दुहितुः (genitive singular)
दुहित्रोः (dual genitive)
दुहितॄणाम् (genitive plural)
दुहितरि (locative singular)
दुहित्रोः (dual locative)
दुहितृषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: čhu

Gandhari: 𐨢𐨁𐨡 (dhida)

Niya Prakrit: 𐨢𐨁𐨟𐨂 (dhitu)

Prakrit: 𑀥𑀽𑀆 (dhūā) (see there for further descendants)

Pali: duhitā, dhītar, dhītā

→ Bengali: দুহিতা (duhita)

→ Hindi: दुहितृ (duhitŕ)

→ Telugu: దుహిత (duhita)

→ Malayalam: ദുഹിതാ (duhitā)

→ Kannada: ದುಹಿತೆ (duhite)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰewgʰ-?
Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr?
Proto-Indo-European *dʰugh₂tḗr
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰúgʰHtā
Sanskrit दुहितृ (duhitṛ)
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dúźʰitā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰuǰʰitā, from an earlier *dʰúgʰHtā (“daughter”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰugh₂tḗr (“daughter”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬔𐬆𐬛𐬀𐬭 (dugədar), Persian دختر (doxtar), Ancient Greek θυγάτηρ (thugátēr), English daughter.

etymon

त्वं त्येभि॒र् आ ग॑हि॒ वाजे॑भिर् दुहितर् दिवः।
अ॒स्मे र॒यिं नि धा॑रय॥
tváṃ tyébhir ā́ gahi vā́jebhir duhitar divaḥ.

Daughter of heaven, approach with these viands, and perpetuate our wealth


जनि

jáni (romanization)
जनिः (nominative singular)
जनी (dual nominative)
जनयः (nominative plural)
जने (singular vocative)
जनी (dual vocative)
जनयः (plural vocative)
जनिम् (accusative singular)
जनी (accusative dual)
जनीः (accusative plural)
जन्या (instrumental singular)
जनी1 (instrumental singular)
जनिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जनिभिः (instrumental plural)
जनये (dative singular)
जन्यै2 (dative singular)
जनी1 (dative singular)
जनिभ्याम् (dative dual)
जनिभ्यः (dative plural)
जनेः (ablative singular)
जन्याः2 (ablative singular)
जन्यै3 (ablative singular)
जनिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जनिभ्यः (ablative plural)
जन्युर् (genitive singular)
जन्योः (dual genitive)
जनीनाम् (genitive plural)
जनौ (locative singular)
जन्याम्2 (locative singular)
जना1 (locative singular)
जन्योः (dual locative)
जनिषु (locative plural)

The sense “woman” is from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰánHiš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn (“woman”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬘𐬇𐬥𐬌 (jə̄ni), 𐬘𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌 (jaⁱni, “woman”), Persian زن (zan),
Central Kurdish ژن (jin), Ancient Greek γῠνή (gunḗ) (whence English gyno-), English queen. Doublet of ग्ना (gnā́).
The sense “birth”, which has been conflated with the word for “woman”, is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to give birth”), whence also जन (jana, “people”), जनस् (janas, “race”), जनिमन् (janiman, “birth”), etc.


शिरस्

śíras (romanization)
शिरः (nominative singular)
शिरसी (dual nominative)
शिरांसि (nominative plural)
शिरः (singular vocative)
शिरसी (dual vocative)
शिरांसि (plural vocative)
शिरः (accusative singular)
शिरसी (accusative dual)
शिरांसि (accusative plural)
शिरसा (instrumental singular)
शिरोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शिरोभिः (instrumental plural)
शिरसे (dative singular)
शिरोभ्याम् (dative dual)
शिरोभ्यः (dative plural)
शिरसः (ablative singular)
शिरोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शिरोभ्यः (ablative plural)
शिरसः (genitive singular)
शिरसोः (dual genitive)
शिरसाम् (genitive plural)
शिरसि (locative singular)
शिरसोः (dual locative)
शिरःसु (locative plural)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀭 (sira)

Awadhi: सिर (sir)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: [script needed] (hīrü)

desc

Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (šīr)

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: සිර (sira)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀭 (sira)

Assamese: সিৰ (xir)

Bengali: শির (śir)

Maithili: सिर (sir)

Odia: ସିର (sira)

Pali: siras

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀭 (sira)

Garhwali: सिर (sir)

Gujarati: સિર (sir)

Hindustani:

Hindi: सिर (sir)

Urdu: سر (sir)

Kumaoni: सिर (sir)

Nepali: सिर (sira)

Punjabi: ਸਿਰ (sir)

Romani: śero
→ Hungarian: séró

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćŕ̥Has, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱŕ̥h₂-os, from *ḱerh₂- (“head”); see there for more. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬁𐬭𐬀 (sāra), Latin cerebrum.


अथर्वन्

átharvan (romanization)
अथर्वा (nominative singular)
अथर्वाणौ (dual nominative)
अथर्वाणा1 (dual nominative)
अथर्वाणः (nominative plural)
अथर्वन् (singular vocative)
अथर्वाणौ (dual vocative)
अथर्वाणा1 (dual vocative)
अथर्वाणः (plural vocative)
अथर्वाणम् (accusative singular)
अथर्वाणौ (accusative dual)
अथर्वाणा1 (accusative dual)
अथर्वणः (accusative plural)
अथर्वणा (instrumental singular)
अथर्वभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अथर्वभिः (instrumental plural)
अथर्वणे (dative singular)
अथर्वभ्याम् (dative dual)
अथर्वभ्यः (dative plural)
अथर्वणः (ablative singular)
अथर्वभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अथर्वभ्यः (ablative plural)
अथर्वणः (genitive singular)
अथर्वणोः (dual genitive)
अथर्वणाम् (genitive plural)
अथर्वणि (locative singular)
अथर्वन्1 (locative singular)
अथर्वणोः (dual locative)
अथर्वसु (locative plural)

/ɐ́.tʰɐɾ.ʋɐn/

/ɐˈt̪ʰɐɾ.ʋɐn̪/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *átʰarwā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *átʰarwā (“priest”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬁𐬚𐬭𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬥 (āθrauuan). Ultimate origin unknown. Some scholars suggest it derives from the BMAC substrate.

a priest who has to do with fire and Soma


यातृ

yā́tṛ (romanization)
याता (nominative singular)
यातरौ (dual nominative)
यातरा1 (dual nominative)
यातरः (nominative plural)
यातः (singular vocative)
यातरौ (dual vocative)
यातरा1 (dual vocative)
यातरः (plural vocative)
यातरम् (accusative singular)
यातरौ (accusative dual)
यातरा1 (accusative dual)
यातॄः (accusative plural)
यात्रा (instrumental singular)
यातृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यातृभिः (instrumental plural)
यात्रे (dative singular)
यातृभ्याम् (dative dual)
यातृभ्यः (dative plural)
यातुः (ablative singular)
यातृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यातृभ्यः (ablative plural)
यातुः (genitive singular)
यात्रोः (dual genitive)
यातॄणाम् (genitive plural)
यातरि (locative singular)
यात्रोः (dual locative)
यातृषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀚𑀸𑀉𑀬𑀸 (jāuyā)

Magadhi Prakrit:

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *HyáHtā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HyáHtā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁yn̥h₂tēr. Cognate with Latin janitrīcēs, Ancient Greek ἐνάτηρ (enátēr).

co-sister-in-law, husband’s brother’s wife


जाया

jāyā́ (romanization)
जाया (nominative singular)
जाये (dual nominative)
जायाः (nominative plural)
जाये (singular vocative)
जाये (dual vocative)
जायाः (plural vocative)
जायाम् (accusative singular)
जाये (accusative dual)
जायाः (accusative plural)
जायया (instrumental singular)
जाया1 (instrumental singular)
जायाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जायाभिः (instrumental plural)
जायायै (dative singular)
जायाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जायाभ्यः (dative plural)
जायायाः (ablative singular)
जायायै2 (ablative singular)
जायाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जायाभ्यः (ablative plural)
जायायाः (genitive singular)
जायायै2 (genitive singular)
जाययोः (dual genitive)
जायानाम् (genitive plural)
जायायाम् (locative singular)
जाययोः (dual locative)
जायासु (locative plural)

Pali: jāyā

Prakrit: 𑀚𑀸𑀬𑀸 (jāyā)

Gujarati: જાઈ (jāī)

Hindustani: jā

Hindi: जा

Urdu: جا

Kumaoni: जै (jai)

→ Thai: ชายา (chaa-yaa, “royal wife”)

/ˈd͡ʑɑː.jɑː/

Exact origin obscure, but ultimately from either Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to beget, produce”) (thus literally “one who begets”) or *ǵemH- (“to marry”).

जार

ȷ́ā́ra, ȷ́ārá

suitor, paramour, lover, intimate companion

जामि

female relative; daughter-in-law; consanguinity


देवृ

devṛ́ (romanization)
देवा (nominative singular)
देवरौ (dual nominative)
देवरा1 (dual nominative)
देवरः (nominative plural)
देवः (singular vocative)
देवरौ (dual vocative)
देवरा1 (dual vocative)
देवरः (plural vocative)
देवरम् (accusative singular)
देवरौ (accusative dual)
देवरा1 (accusative dual)
देवॄन् (accusative plural)
देव्रा (instrumental singular)
देवृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
देवृभिः (instrumental plural)
देव्रे (dative singular)
देवृभ्याम् (dative dual)
देवृभ्यः (dative plural)
देवुः (ablative singular)
देवृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
देवृभ्यः (ablative plural)
देवुः (genitive singular)
देव्रोः (dual genitive)
देवॄणाम् (genitive plural)
देवरि (locative singular)
देव्रोः (dual locative)
देवृषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dayHwár (“brother-in-law”), from Proto-Indo-European *dayh₂wḗr (“brother-in-law, husband’s brother”). Cognate with Latin levir, Ancient Greek δᾱήρ (dāḗr), Old English tācor, Russian де́верь (déverʹ), Lithuanian dieveris.

inh

स॒म्राज्ञी॒ श्वशु॑रे भव स॒म्राज्ञी॑ श्व॒श्र्वां भ॑व।
नना॑न्दरि स॒म्राज्ञी॑ भव स॒म्राज्ञी॒ अधि॑ दे॒वृषु॑॥
samrā́jñī śváśure bhava samrā́jñī śvaśrvā́ṃ bhava.

Be a queen to your father-in-law, be a queen to your mother-in-law, be a queen to your husband's sister, be a queen to your husband's brothers.

nánāndari samrā́jñī bhava samrā́jñī ádhi devṛ́ṣu.

woman's brother-in-law, husband's brother (especially his younger brother)


श्वशुर

śváśura (romanization)
श्वशुरः (nominative singular)
श्वशुरौ (dual nominative)
श्वशुरा1 (dual nominative)
श्वशुराः (nominative plural)
श्वशुरासः1 (nominative plural)
श्वशुर (singular vocative)
श्वशुरौ (dual vocative)
श्वशुरा1 (dual vocative)
श्वशुराः (plural vocative)
श्वशुरासः1 (plural vocative)
श्वशुरम् (accusative singular)
श्वशुरौ (accusative dual)
श्वशुरा1 (accusative dual)
श्वशुरान् (accusative plural)
श्वशुरेण (instrumental singular)
श्वशुराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्वशुरैः (instrumental plural)
श्वशुरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
श्वशुराय (dative singular)
श्वशुराभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्वशुरेभ्यः (dative plural)
श्वशुरात् (ablative singular)
श्वशुराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्वशुरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्वशुरस्य (genitive singular)
श्वशुरयोः (dual genitive)
श्वशुराणाम् (genitive plural)
श्वशुरे (locative singular)
श्वशुरयोः (dual locative)
श्वशुरेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: išpášur

Khowar: اِشپَشُر (išpašúr)

desc

Kashmiri: ہِہُر (hihur), ہیُٛہُر (hyuhur)

q

from unassimilated Sanskrit <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">*स्वशुर</i> (svaśura)

Gandhari: 𐨯𐨿𐨤𐨭𐨂𐨪 (spaśura) (from unassimilated Sanskrit *स्वशुर (svaśura))

Pali: sasura

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀲𑀼𑀭 (sasura), 𑀲𑀼𑀲𑀼𑀭 (susura)
Central:
Hindustani:
Hindi: ससुर (sasur)
Urdu: سُسَر (susar)
Eastern:
Bengali-Assamese:
Assamese: শহুৰ (xohur)
Bengali: শ্বশুর (śśośur), শউর (śour), হউর (hour)
Sylheti: ꠢꠃꠞ (hoúr)
Odia: ଶ୍ୱଶୁର (śwaśura)
Northern:
Nepali: ससुरा (sasurā)
Northwestern:
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਸਹੁਰਾ (sahurā)
Shahmukhi script: سَوہرا (sauhrā)
Western:
Gujarati: સસરો (sasro)
Romani: sastro

→ Telugu: శ్వశురుడు (śvaśuruḍu)

/ɕʋɐ́.ɕu.ɾɐ/

/ˈɕʋɐ.ɕu.ɾɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *swáćuras, from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱuros (“father-in-law”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἑκυρός (hekurós), Latin socer, Old English sweor.

सा वसु॒ दध॑ती॒ श्वशु॑राय॒ वय॒ उषो॒ यदि॒ वष्ट्यन्ति॑गृहात् ।
अस्तं॑ ननक्षे॒ यस्मि॑ञ्चा॒कन्दिवा॒ नक्तं॑ श्नथि॒ता वै॑त॒सेन॑ ॥
sā́ vásu dádhatī śváśurāya váya úṣo yádi váṣṭyántigṛhāt.

Giving her husband's father life and riches, from the neighbouring dwelling, when her lover craved her,
She sought the home wherein she found her pleasure, accepting day and night her husband's embraces.

ástaṃ nanakṣe yásmiñcākándívā náktaṃ śnathitā́ vaitaséna.

father-in-law (either the husband's or the wife's father)


कुमार

kumārá (romanization)
कुमारः (nominative singular)
कुमारौ (dual nominative)
कुमारा1 (dual nominative)
कुमाराः (nominative plural)
कुमारासः1 (nominative plural)
कुमार (singular vocative)
कुमारौ (dual vocative)
कुमारा1 (dual vocative)
कुमाराः (plural vocative)
कुमारासः1 (plural vocative)
कुमारम् (accusative singular)
कुमारौ (accusative dual)
कुमारा1 (accusative dual)
कुमारान् (accusative plural)
कुमारेण (instrumental singular)
कुमाराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कुमारैः (instrumental plural)
कुमारेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कुमाराय (dative singular)
कुमाराभ्याम् (dative dual)
कुमारेभ्यः (dative plural)
कुमारात् (ablative singular)
कुमाराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कुमारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कुमारस्य (genitive singular)
कुमारयोः (dual genitive)
कुमाराणाम् (genitive plural)
कुमारे (locative singular)
कुमारयोः (dual locative)
कुमारेषु (locative plural)

Assamese: কোঁৱৰ (kü̃or)

→ Khmer: កុមារ (ko’maa)

→ Malayalam: കുമാരൻ (kumāraṉ)

→ Punjabi: ਕੁਮਾਰ (kumār) (learned)

→ Tamil: குமாரன் (kumāraṉ)

→ Telugu: కుమారుడు (kumāruḍu)

→ Thai: กุมาร (gù-maan)

Of uncertain origin.
Perhaps from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ku-ma- (“tender, young”) (with *ku denoting "small and weak") and cognate with Persian کودک (kudak, “child”), deriving further from a hypothetical Proto-Indo-European *ku-mo- (“small, weak”) and possibly connected to Ancient Greek σκύμνος (skúmnos, “cub, whelp”), Lithuanian kumẽlė (“mare”), and Latvian kumeļš (“foal”).
Another theory takes the word as a compound of कु- (ku-, “intensifying prefix”) + a form of म्लै (mlai, “to fade, wither, decay, be languid or exhausted”).
Finally, Kuiper considers the word as borrowed from Dravidian.


अकृता

ákṛtā (romanization)
अकृता (nominative singular)
अकृते (dual nominative)
अकृताः (nominative plural)
अकृते (singular vocative)
अकृते (dual vocative)
अकृताः (plural vocative)
अकृताम् (accusative singular)
अकृते (accusative dual)
अकृताः (accusative plural)
अकृतया (instrumental singular)
अकृताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अकृताभिः (instrumental plural)
अकृतायै (dative singular)
अकृताभ्याम् (dative dual)
अकृताभ्यः (dative plural)
अकृतायाः (ablative singular)
अकृताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अकृताभ्यः (ablative plural)
अकृतायाः (genitive singular)
अकृतयोः (dual genitive)
अकृतानाम् (genitive plural)
अकृतायाम् (locative singular)
अकृतयोः (dual locative)
अकृतासु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ā-stem declension of अकृता

पुत्रिका पुत्रिका#Sanskrit

a daughter who has not been made पुत्रिका (putrikā), or a sharer in the privileges of a son


नर

nára (romanization)
नरः (nominative singular)
नरौ (dual nominative)
नरा1 (dual nominative)
नराः (nominative plural)
नरासः1 (nominative plural)
नर (singular vocative)
नरौ (dual vocative)
नरा1 (dual vocative)
नराः (plural vocative)
नरासः1 (plural vocative)
नरम् (accusative singular)
नरौ (accusative dual)
नरा1 (accusative dual)
नरान् (accusative plural)
नरेण (instrumental singular)
नराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नरैः (instrumental plural)
नरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नराय (dative singular)
नराभ्याम् (dative dual)
नरेभ्यः (dative plural)
नरात् (ablative singular)
नराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नरस्य (genitive singular)
नरयोः (dual genitive)
नराणाम् (genitive plural)
नरे (locative singular)
नरयोः (dual locative)
नरेषु (locative plural)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀡𑀭 (ṇara)

Pali: nara

→ Khmer: នរ (nɔɔ)

→ Thai: นร (nɔɔ-rá-)

→ Hindi: नर (nar)

→ Urdu: نر

→ Old Javanese: nara

→ Balinese: ᬦᬭ (nara)

→ Indonesian: nara, nara-

→ Marathi: नर (nar)

→ Kannada: ನರ (nara)

→ Telugu: నరుడు (naruḍu)

→ Malayalam: നരൻ (naraṉ)

→ Bengali: নর (nor)

Adapted to the regular a-stem declension from earlier r-stem noun नृ (nṛ́), which is inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hnā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hnā́, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἀνήρ (anḗr), Persian نر (nar), Old Armenian այր (ayr).

तद॑स्य प्रि॒यम॒भि पाथो॑ अश्यां॒ नरो॒ यत्र॑ देव॒यवो॒ मद॑न्ति।
उ॒रु॒क्र॒मस्य॒ स हि बन्धु॑रि॒त्था विष्णो॑: प॒दे प॑र॒मे मध्व॒ उत्स॑:॥
tádasya priyámabhí pā́tho aśyāṃ náro yátra devayávo mádanti.
urukramásya sá hí bándhuritthā́ víṣṇo: padé paramé mádhva útsa:.

Might I reach that dear cattle-pen of his, where men seeking the gods find elation, for exactly that is the bond to the wide-striding one: the wellspring of mead in the highest step of Viṣṇu.


ननान्दृ

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀡𑀡𑀁𑀤𑀸 (ṇaṇaṃdā)

Marathi: नणंद (naṇanda)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਨਨਾਣ (nanāṇ)

Pali: nanandar

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀡𑀡𑀁𑀤𑀸 (ṇaṇaṃdā)

Gujarati: નણંદ (naṇand)

Hindustani:

Hindi: ननद (nanad)

Urdu: نَنْد (nand) / نَنَنْد (nanand) (dated)

Nepali: नन्द (nanda)

Sindhi: نِڻُن / निणुन

Bengali: ননদ (nonod)

Assamese: ননন্দ (nonondo)

Sinhalese: නෑනා (nǣnā)

/n̪ɐˈn̪ɑːn̪.d̪r̩/

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda


श्वश्रू

sa-noun

श्वश्रू • (śvaśrū́) stem, f

śvaśrū́ (romanization)
श्वश्रूः (nominative singular)
श्वश्र्वौ (dual nominative)
श्वश्रू1 (dual nominative)
श्वश्र्वः (nominative plural)
श्वश्रूः1 (nominative plural)
श्वश्रु (singular vocative)
श्वश्र्वौ (dual vocative)
श्वश्रू1 (dual vocative)
श्वश्र्वः (plural vocative)
श्वश्रूः1 (plural vocative)
श्वश्रूम् (accusative singular)
श्वश्र्वौ (accusative dual)
श्वश्रू1 (accusative dual)
श्वश्रूः (accusative plural)
श्वश्र्वा (instrumental singular)
श्वश्रूभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्वश्रूभिः (instrumental plural)
श्वश्र्वै (dative singular)
श्वश्रूभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्वश्रूभ्यः (dative plural)
श्वश्र्वाः (ablative singular)
श्वश्र्वै2 (ablative singular)
श्वश्रूभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्वश्रूभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्वश्र्वाः (genitive singular)
श्वश्र्वै2 (genitive singular)
श्वश्र्वोः (dual genitive)
श्वश्रूणाम् (genitive plural)
श्वश्र्वाम् (locative singular)
श्वश्र्वोः (dual locative)
श्वश्रूषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: isprés

Kashmiri: ہَش (haś)

Khowar: اِشپرےشى (išpréši)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Early Assamese: শাশু (śaśu)

Assamese: শাহু (xahu)

Bengali: শাশুড়ি (śaśuṛi)

desctree

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀲𑀽 (sāsū)
Old Marathi:
Devanagari script: सासु (sāsu)
Modi script: 𑘭𑘰𑘭𑘳 (sāsu)
Marathi: सासू (sāsū)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸੱਸ (sassa)

Shahmukhi script: سَسّ (sass)

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi:

Arabic script: سَسُ

Devanagari script: ससु

Pali: sassū

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀏 (sāsue)

Gurjara Apabhramsa:

Gujarati: સાસુ (sāsu)

Sauraseni Apabhramsa:

Hindustani:

Hindi: सास (sās)

Urdu: ساس (sās)

Romani: sasuj

→ Bengali: শ্বশ্রূ (śśosru)

→ Telugu: శ్వశ్రువు (śvaśruvu)

→ Tamil: ஶ்வஶ்ரூ (śvaśrū) (learned)

desc

→ Odia: ଶ୍ବଶ୍ରୁ (śbaśru), ଶାଶୁ (śāśu)

→ Odia: ଶ୍ବଶ୍ରୁ (śbaśru), ଶାଶୁ (śāśu)

→ Malayalam: ശ്വശ്രു (śvaśru)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *swaćrúH, from Proto-Indo-European *sweḱrúh₂ (“mother-in-law”). Cognate with Latin socrus, Old Armenian սկեսուր (skesur), Ancient Greek ἑκυρά (hekurá).

द्वेष्टि॑ श्व॒श्रूर् अप॑ जा॒या रु॑णद्धि॒ न ना॑थि॒तो वि॑न्दते मर्डि॒तार॑म् ।
अश्व॑स्येव॒ जर॑तो॒ वस्न्य॑स्य॒ नाहं वि॑न्दामि कित॒वस्य॒ भोग॑म् ॥
dvéṣṭi śvaśrū́r ápa jāyā́ ruṇaddhi ná nāthitó vindate marḍitā́ram.

[Due to my gambling addiction,] My wife holds me aloof; my mother-in-law hates me: the wretched man finds none to give him comfort.
My gambling habit is like a costly horse grown old and feeble: I find no profit in it.

áśvasyeva járato vásnyasya nā́háṃ vindāmi kitavásya bhógam.

a mother-in-law (either the wife's or the husband's mother)


नप्तृ

sa-noun

नप्तृ • (náptṛ) stem, m (feminine नप्त्री)

náptṛ (romanization)
नप्त्री (feminine)
नप्ता (nominative singular)
नप्तारौ (dual nominative)
नप्तारा1 (dual nominative)
नप्तारः (nominative plural)
नप्तः (singular vocative)
नप्तारौ (dual vocative)
नप्तारा1 (dual vocative)
नप्तारः (plural vocative)
नप्तारम् (accusative singular)
नप्तारौ (accusative dual)
नप्तारा1 (accusative dual)
नप्तॄन् (accusative plural)
नप्त्रा (instrumental singular)
नप्तृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नप्तृभिः (instrumental plural)
नप्त्रे (dative singular)
नप्तृभ्याम् (dative dual)
नप्तृभ्यः (dative plural)
नप्तुः (ablative singular)
नप्तृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नप्तृभ्यः (ablative plural)
नप्तुः (genitive singular)
नप्त्रोः (dual genitive)
नप्तॄणाम् (genitive plural)
नप्तरि (locative singular)
नप्त्रोः (dual locative)
नप्तृषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *népōts. Cognate with Old Persian 𐎴𐎱𐎠 (napā), Latin nepōs, Ancient Greek ἀνεψιός (anepsiós) and Old English nefa, influenced by other kinship terms suffixed with -तृ (-tṛ) (from Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr) like मातृ (mā́tṛ, mātṛ́). Doublet of नपात् (nápāt).


नपात्

नपात् • (nápāt) stem, m (feminine नप्ती)

nápāt (romanization)
नप्ती (feminine)
नपात् (nominative singular)
नपातौ (dual nominative)
नपाता1 (dual nominative)
नपातः (nominative plural)
नपात् (singular vocative)
नपातौ (dual vocative)
नपाता1 (dual vocative)
नपातः (plural vocative)
नपातम् (accusative singular)
नपातौ (accusative dual)
नपाता1 (accusative dual)
नपातः (accusative plural)
नपाता (instrumental singular)
नपाद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नपाद्भिः (instrumental plural)
नपाते (dative singular)
नपाद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
नपाद्भ्यः (dative plural)
नपातः (ablative singular)
नपाद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
नपाद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
नपातः (genitive singular)
नपातोः (dual genitive)
नपाताम् (genitive plural)
नपाति (locative singular)
नपातोः (dual locative)
नपात्सु (locative plural)

/ˈn̪ɐ.pɑːt̪/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *nápāts (“grandson, descendant”), from Proto-Indo-European *népōts (“descendant, nephew”). Cognates include Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬞𐬁𐬝 (napāt̰), Old Persian 𐎴𐎱𐎠 (n-p-a /napā/), Latin nepōs, Ancient Greek ἀνεψιός (anepsiós), Old English nefa (whence English neve).

inh

grandson (in later language restricted to this sense)


राम

rāma (romanization)
रामम् (nominative singular)
रामे (dual nominative)
रामाणि (nominative plural)
रामा1 (nominative plural)
राम (singular vocative)
रामे (dual vocative)
रामाणि (plural vocative)
रामा1 (plural vocative)
रामम् (accusative singular)
रामे (accusative dual)
रामाणि (accusative plural)
रामा1 (accusative plural)
रामेण (instrumental singular)
रामाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रामैः (instrumental plural)
रामेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
रामाय (dative singular)
रामाभ्याम् (dative dual)
रामेभ्यः (dative plural)
रामात् (ablative singular)
रामाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रामेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रामस्य (genitive singular)
रामयोः (dual genitive)
रामाणाम् (genitive plural)
रामे (locative singular)
रामयोः (dual locative)
रामेषु (locative plural)

Unknown; possibly related to Old English rōmig (“sooty”), presuming Proto-Indo-European *HreH-mó-s. Monier considers it to be a derivation from रम् (ram, “to enjoy; to stay”).

Chenopodium album
Chenopodium album#Translingual


राम

rāma (romanization)
रामः (nominative singular)
रामौ (dual nominative)
रामाः (nominative plural)
राम (singular vocative)
रामौ (dual vocative)
रामाः (plural vocative)
रामम् (accusative singular)
रामौ (accusative dual)
रामान् (accusative plural)
रामेण (instrumental singular)
रामाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रामैः (instrumental plural)
रामाय (dative singular)
रामाभ्याम् (dative dual)
रामेभ्यः (dative plural)
रामात् (ablative singular)
रामाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रामेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रामस्य (genitive singular)
रामयोः (dual genitive)
रामाणाम् (genitive plural)
रामे (locative singular)
रामयोः (dual locative)
रामेषु (locative plural)

→ Bengali: রাম (ram)

→ Burmese: ရာမ (rama.)

→ Chinese: 羅摩／罗摩 (Luómó)

→ Hindi: राम (rām)

→ Khmer: រាម (riəm)

→ Lao: ຣາມ (rām)

→ Malayalam: രാമൻ (rāmaṉ)

→ Marathi: राम (rām)

→ Nepali: राम (rām)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: rāma
Javanese: ꦫꦩ (rama)
→ Indonesian: rama, romo (semantic loan)
→ Balinese: ᬭᬵᬫ (rama)

→ Odia: ରାମ (rāma)

→ Punjabi: ਰਾਮ (rām)

→ Sinhalese: රාම (rāma)

→ Tamil: இராமர் (irāmar)

→ Telugu: రాముఁడు (rāmun̆ḍu)

→ Thai: ราม (raam)

अद्य गच्छामहे राम सिद्धाश्रममनुत्तमम्।
तदाश्रमपदं तात तवाप्येतद्यथा मम॥
adya gacchāmahe rāma siddhāśramamanuttamam.
tadāśramapadaṃ tāta tavāpyetadyathā mama.

O child this asrama is the same to you as it is to me (treat this as your own).

O Rāma, now let's go to the unparalleled Siddhashrama.

(Hinduism) Rāma, son of Dasharatha and Kausalya, an avatar of Vishnu.

name of various mythical personages in the Vedas.


राजकुमार

rāja-kumāra (romanization)
राजकुमारः (nominative singular)
राजकुमारौ (dual nominative)
राजकुमाराः (nominative plural)
राजकुमार (singular vocative)
राजकुमारौ (dual vocative)
राजकुमाराः (plural vocative)
राजकुमारम् (accusative singular)
राजकुमारौ (accusative dual)
राजकुमारान् (accusative plural)
राजकुमारेण (instrumental singular)
राजकुमाराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
राजकुमारैः (instrumental plural)
राजकुमाराय (dative singular)
राजकुमाराभ्याम् (dative dual)
राजकुमारेभ्यः (dative plural)
राजकुमारात् (ablative singular)
राजकुमाराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
राजकुमारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
राजकुमारस्य (genitive singular)
राजकुमारयोः (dual genitive)
राजकुमाराणाम् (genitive plural)
राजकुमारे (locative singular)
राजकुमारयोः (dual locative)
राजकुमारेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of राजकुमार

राजकुमाराभ्याम्

राजकुमाराभ्याम्

राजकुमारेभ्यः

राजकुमाराभ्याम्

राजकुमारेभ्यः

राजकुमाराणाम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

राजकुमाराभ्याम्

राजकुमाराभ्याम्

राजकुमारेभ्यः

राजकुमाराभ्याम्

राजकुमारेभ्यः

राजकुमाराणाम्

Hindi: राजकुमार (rājkumār)

Thai: ราชกุมาร (rachakuman)

/ɾɑː.d͡ʑɐ.ku.mɑː.ɾɐ/

/ɾɑː.d͡ʑɐ.kuˈmɑː.ɾɐ/


तनूज

head

तनूज • (tanū́-já)

tanū́-já (romanization)
तनूजः (nominative singular)
तनूजौ (dual nominative)
तनूजाः (nominative plural)
तनूज (singular vocative)
तनूजौ (dual vocative)
तनूजाः (plural vocative)
तनूजम् (accusative singular)
तनूजौ (accusative dual)
तनूजान् (accusative plural)
तनूजेन (instrumental singular)
तनूजाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तनूजैः (instrumental plural)
तनूजाय (dative singular)
तनूजाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तनूजेभ्यः (dative plural)
तनूजात् (ablative singular)
तनूजाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तनूजेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तनूजस्य (genitive singular)
तनूजयोः (dual genitive)
तनूजानाम् (genitive plural)
तनूजे (locative singular)
तनूजयोः (dual locative)
तनूजेषु (locative plural)
तनूजा (nominative singular)
तनूजे (dual nominative)
तनूजाः (nominative plural)
तनूजे (singular vocative)
तनूजे (dual vocative)
तनूजाः (plural vocative)
तनूजाम् (accusative singular)
तनूजे (accusative dual)
तनूजाः (accusative plural)
तनूजया (instrumental singular)
तनूजाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तनूजाभिः (instrumental plural)
तनूजायै (dative singular)
तनूजाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तनूजाभ्यः (dative plural)
तनूजायाः (ablative singular)
तनूजाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तनूजाभ्यः (ablative plural)
तनूजायाः (genitive singular)
तनूजयोः (dual genitive)
तनूजानाम् (genitive plural)
तनूजायाम् (locative singular)
तनूजयोः (dual locative)
तनूजासु (locative plural)
तनूजम् (nominative singular)
तनूजे (dual nominative)
तनूजानि (nominative plural)
तनूज (singular vocative)
तनूजे (dual vocative)
तनूजानि (plural vocative)
तनूजम् (accusative singular)
तनूजे (accusative dual)
तनूजानि (accusative plural)
तनूजेन (instrumental singular)
तनूजाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तनूजैः (instrumental plural)
तनूजाय (dative singular)
तनूजाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तनूजेभ्यः (dative plural)
तनूजात् (ablative singular)
तनूजाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तनूजेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तनूजस्य (genitive singular)
तनूजयोः (dual genitive)
तनूजानाम् (genitive plural)
तनूजे (locative singular)
तनूजयोः (dual locative)
तनूजेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of तनूज

Feminine ā-stem declension of तनूज

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">तनूज</i>

produced or born on or from the body, bodily


वाणिज

vāṇijá (romanization)
वाणिजः (nominative singular)
वाणिजौ (dual nominative)
वाणिजा1 (dual nominative)
वाणिजाः (nominative plural)
वाणिजासः1 (nominative plural)
वाणिज (singular vocative)
वाणिजौ (dual vocative)
वाणिजा1 (dual vocative)
वाणिजाः (plural vocative)
वाणिजासः1 (plural vocative)
वाणिजम् (accusative singular)
वाणिजौ (accusative dual)
वाणिजा1 (accusative dual)
वाणिजान् (accusative plural)
वाणिजेन (instrumental singular)
वाणिजाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वाणिजैः (instrumental plural)
वाणिजेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वाणिजाय (dative singular)
वाणिजाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वाणिजेभ्यः (dative plural)
वाणिजात् (ablative singular)
वाणिजाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वाणिजेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वाणिजस्य (genitive singular)
वाणिजयोः (dual genitive)
वाणिजानाम् (genitive plural)
वाणिजे (locative singular)
वाणिजयोः (dual locative)
वाणिजेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

desc

Kashmiri: वोञु॒ (wōñu॒), वाञुरु॒ (wāñuru॒)

Pali: vāṇija, vāṇijaka

Prakrit: 𑀯𑀸𑀡𑀺𑀅 (vāṇia), 𑀯𑀸𑀡𑀺𑀅𑀬 (vāṇiaya)

Bengali: বানিয়া (baniẏa), বেনে (bene)

Konkani: वाणि (vāṇi)

Old Gujarati: वाणीउ (vāṇīu), वाणीडु (vāṇīḍu)

Gujarati: વાણિયો (vāṇiyo)

→ Arabic: بَنِيَان (baniyān)

→ Portuguese: baniano
→ English: banyan

→ Spanish: baniano

→ Swahili: baniani

Marathi: वाणी (vāṇī)

Marwari: 𑅪𑅐𑅧𑅢𑅛õ (banṇjõ)

Punjabi: ਬਾਨਿਆ (bāniā)

Sinhalese: වේණඳ (wēṇaⁿda), වේණේඳ (wēṇēⁿda), වේණද (wēṇada), වේඏඅඳ (wēl̥aⁿda), වේඏඒඳ (wēl̥ēⁿda)

Sindhi: 𑋛𑋠𑋌𑋪𑋘𑋠𑋌𑋢 (vāṇyāṇī), 𑋛𑋠𑋅𑋠𑋌𑋢 (vāñāṇī)

Urdu: بنيان (baniyān, “vest, undershirt”)

/ʋɑː.ɳi.d͡ʑɐ́/

/ˈʋɑː.ɳi.d͡ʑɐ/

Vṛddhi derivative of वणिज् (vaṇíj, “merchant, trader”).

vrd

(mythology) the submarine fire (supposed to be at the south-pole)


कलम

kalama (romanization)
कलमः (nominative singular)
कलमौ (dual nominative)
कलमा1 (dual nominative)
कलमाः (nominative plural)
कलमासः1 (nominative plural)
कलम (singular vocative)
कलमौ (dual vocative)
कलमा1 (dual vocative)
कलमाः (plural vocative)
कलमासः1 (plural vocative)
कलमम् (accusative singular)
कलमौ (accusative dual)
कलमा1 (accusative dual)
कलमान् (accusative plural)
कलमेन (instrumental singular)
कलमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कलमैः (instrumental plural)
कलमेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कलमाय (dative singular)
कलमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कलमेभ्यः (dative plural)
कलमात् (ablative singular)
कलमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कलमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कलमस्य (genitive singular)
कलमयोः (dual genitive)
कलमानाम् (genitive plural)
कलमे (locative singular)
कलमयोः (dual locative)
कलमेषु (locative plural)

According to the Uṇādi-sūtra, iv, p.84, from the root √kal (“to sound”).

a sort of rice (sown in May and June and ripening in December or January)


कलम

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos, “reed”).


कलम

Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *kaḷ-.


वणिज्

vaṇíj (romanization)
वणिक् (nominative singular)
वणिजौ (dual nominative)
वणिजा1 (dual nominative)
वणिजः (nominative plural)
वणिक् (singular vocative)
वणिजौ (dual vocative)
वणिजा1 (dual vocative)
वणिजः (plural vocative)
वणिजम् (accusative singular)
वणिजौ (accusative dual)
वणिजा1 (accusative dual)
वणिजः (accusative plural)
वणिजा (instrumental singular)
वणिग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वणिग्भिः (instrumental plural)
वणिजे (dative singular)
वणिग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
वणिग्भ्यः (dative plural)
वणिजः (ablative singular)
वणिग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
वणिग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
वणिजः (genitive singular)
वणिजोः (dual genitive)
वणिजाम् (genitive plural)
वणिजि (locative singular)
वणिजोः (dual locative)
वणिक्षु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀯𑀡𑀺 (vaṇi)

Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *wen(h₁)-h₂ǵ-, composed of *wenh₁- (“to win”) + *h₂eǵ- (“to drive, lead”). Compare वनोति (vanóti), particularly in the meaning “to acquire”, and अजति (ájati, “to drive”), respectively.

550 CE, Varāhamihira, Bṛhat Saṃhitā

(astrology, astronomy) the zodiacal sign Libra


करण

karaṇa (romanization)
करणः (nominative singular)
करणौ (dual nominative)
करणा1 (dual nominative)
करणाः (nominative plural)
करणासः1 (nominative plural)
करण (singular vocative)
करणौ (dual vocative)
करणा1 (dual vocative)
करणाः (plural vocative)
करणासः1 (plural vocative)
करणम् (accusative singular)
करणौ (accusative dual)
करणा1 (accusative dual)
करणान् (accusative plural)
करणेन (instrumental singular)
करणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
करणैः (instrumental plural)
करणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
करणाय (dative singular)
करणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
करणेभ्यः (dative plural)
करणात् (ablative singular)
करणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
करणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
करणस्य (genitive singular)
करणयोः (dual genitive)
करणानाम् (genitive plural)
करणे (locative singular)
करणयोः (dual locative)
करणेषु (locative plural)

desctree

→ Arabic: كَرَّانِيّ (karrāniyy)
→ Swahili: karani
→ Kikuyu: karani
→ Malagasy:

→ Malay: kerani / کراني, Malay: kerana

Indonesian: kerani

→ Tagalog: kawaní

→ Tamil: கிரானி (kirāṉi)

Derived from the root कृ (kṛ) + -अन (-ana).


मलिक

malika (romanization)
मलिकः (nominative singular)
मलिकौ (dual nominative)
मलिकाः (nominative plural)
मलिक (singular vocative)
मलिकौ (dual vocative)
मलिकाः (plural vocative)
मलिकम् (accusative singular)
मलिकौ (accusative dual)
मलिकान् (accusative plural)
मलिकेन (instrumental singular)
मलिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मलिकैः (instrumental plural)
मलिकाय (dative singular)
मलिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मलिकेभ्यः (dative plural)
मलिकात् (ablative singular)
मलिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मलिकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मलिकस्य (genitive singular)
मलिकयोः (dual genitive)
मलिकानाम् (genitive plural)
मलिके (locative singular)
मलिकयोः (dual locative)
मलिकेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of मलिक


चीन

cīna (romanization)
चीनः (nominative singular)
चीनौ (dual nominative)
चीना1 (dual nominative)
चीनाः (nominative plural)
चीनासः1 (nominative plural)
चीन (singular vocative)
चीनौ (dual vocative)
चीना1 (dual vocative)
चीनाः (plural vocative)
चीनासः1 (plural vocative)
चीनम् (accusative singular)
चीनौ (accusative dual)
चीना1 (accusative dual)
चीनान् (accusative plural)
चीनेन (instrumental singular)
चीनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चीनैः (instrumental plural)
चीनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
चीनाय (dative singular)
चीनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
चीनेभ्यः (dative plural)
चीनात् (ablative singular)
चीनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चीनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
चीनस्य (genitive singular)
चीनयोः (dual genitive)
चीनानाम् (genitive plural)
चीने (locative singular)
चीनयोः (dual locative)
चीनेषु (locative plural)

Niya Prakrit: 𐨕𐨁𐨣 (cina), 𐨕𐨁𐨎𐨣 (ciṃna)

→ Middle Persian: 𐭰𐭩𐭭 (čīn)

Classical Persian: چین (čīn)

Dari: چین (čīn)

Iranian Persian: چین (čin)

Tajik: Чин (Čin)

desc

→ Arabic: اَلصِّين (aṣ-ṣīn)

→ Arabic: اَلصِّين (aṣ-ṣīn)

→ Ancient Greek: Θῖνα (Thîna), Θῖναι (Thînai), Σῖναι (Sînai), Τζίνιστα (Tzínista)

→ Latin: Sinae

→ Portuguese: China

→ Italian: Cina

→ Sardinian: Cina

→ English: China

→ Middle Chinese: 支那 (MC tsye na)

Chinese: 支那 (Zhīnà)

→ Japanese: 支那 (しな, shina)

→ Korean: 지나 (jina)

→ Vietnamese: Chi Na

→ Malay: Cina

Indonesian: Cina

→ Malayalam: ചീന (cīna)

→ Telugu: చీనా (cīnā)

→ Kannada: ಚೀನಾ (cīnā)

/ˈt͡ɕiː.n̪ɐ/

Uncertain, but usually held to derive from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin) (sm Qín, mc d͡ziɪn, oc *zin, "Qin"), the westernmost ancient Chinese state. Other theories have been proposed, including derivation from 晉／晋 (jìn) (sm Jìn, mc t͡siɪn, oc *ʔsins, "Jin"), another important ancient state; 荊／荆 (jīng) (sm Jīng, mc kˠiæŋ, oc *keŋ, "Chu"), the southernmost ancient Chinese state; or Zina, the endonym of the people of the Yelang kingdom. See "Names of China" and "Chinas" at Wikipedia.

पौण्ड्रकाश्चौड्रद्रविडाः काम्बोजा यवनाः शकाः ।
पारदापह्लवाश्चीनाः किराता दरदाः खशाः ॥
pauṇḍrakāścauḍradraviḍāḥ kāmbojā yavanāḥ śakāḥ.
pāradāpahlavāścīnāḥ kirātā daradāḥ khaśāḥ.
the Paundrakas, the Kodas, the Dravidas, the Kambojas, the Yavanas, the Sakas,

the Paradas, the Pahlavas, the Cinas, the Kiratas, the Daradas, and the Khasas.

तस्य चीनैः किरातैश्च काञ्चनैरिव संवृतम् ।
बभौ बलमनाधृष्यं कर्णिकारवनं यथा ॥
tasya cīnaiḥ kirātaiśca kāñcanairiva saṃvṛtam.
babhau balamanādhṛṣyaṃ karṇikāravanaṃ yathā.
Thronged with the Cīnas and the Kirātas, all as if (clad in) gold,

His unassailable army radiated (a splendour) like a forest of bayur trees.

c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 4.44.14

c. 200 CE, Lalitavistara Sūtra

c. 600 BCE – 200 BCE, Caraka

550 CE, Varāhamihira, Bṛhat Saṃhitā

the Cīna or China (name of a people attested in classical literature, often identified as the Chinese)


सहोदर

sahodara (romanization)
सहोदरः (nominative singular)
सहोदरौ (dual nominative)
सहोदरा1 (dual nominative)
सहोदराः (nominative plural)
सहोदरासः1 (nominative plural)
सहोदर (singular vocative)
सहोदरौ (dual vocative)
सहोदरा1 (dual vocative)
सहोदराः (plural vocative)
सहोदरासः1 (plural vocative)
सहोदरम् (accusative singular)
सहोदरौ (accusative dual)
सहोदरा1 (accusative dual)
सहोदरान् (accusative plural)
सहोदरेण (instrumental singular)
सहोदराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सहोदरैः (instrumental plural)
सहोदरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सहोदराय (dative singular)
सहोदराभ्याम् (dative dual)
सहोदरेभ्यः (dative plural)
सहोदरात् (ablative singular)
सहोदराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सहोदरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सहोदरस्य (genitive singular)
सहोदरयोः (dual genitive)
सहोदराणाम् (genitive plural)
सहोदरे (locative singular)
सहोदरयोः (dual locative)
सहोदरेषु (locative plural)
सहोदरा (nominative singular)
सहोदरे (dual nominative)
सहोदराः (nominative plural)
सहोदरे (singular vocative)
सहोदरे (dual vocative)
सहोदराः (plural vocative)
सहोदराम् (accusative singular)
सहोदरे (accusative dual)
सहोदराः (accusative plural)
सहोदरया (instrumental singular)
सहोदरा1 (instrumental singular)
सहोदराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सहोदराभिः (instrumental plural)
सहोदरायै (dative singular)
सहोदराभ्याम् (dative dual)
सहोदराभ्यः (dative plural)
सहोदरायाः (ablative singular)
सहोदरायै2 (ablative singular)
सहोदराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सहोदराभ्यः (ablative plural)
सहोदरायाः (genitive singular)
सहोदरायै2 (genitive singular)
सहोदरयोः (dual genitive)
सहोदराणाम् (genitive plural)
सहोदरायाम् (locative singular)
सहोदरयोः (dual locative)
सहोदरासु (locative plural)
सहोदरी (nominative singular)
सहोदर्यौ (dual nominative)
सहोदरी1 (dual nominative)
सहोदर्यः (nominative plural)
सहोदरीः1 (nominative plural)
सहोदरि (singular vocative)
सहोदर्यौ (dual vocative)
सहोदरी1 (dual vocative)
सहोदर्यः (plural vocative)
सहोदरीः1 (plural vocative)
सहोदरीम् (accusative singular)
सहोदर्यौ (accusative dual)
सहोदरी1 (accusative dual)
सहोदरीः (accusative plural)
सहोदर्या (instrumental singular)
सहोदरीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सहोदरीभिः (instrumental plural)
सहोदर्यै (dative singular)
सहोदरीभ्याम् (dative dual)
सहोदरीभ्यः (dative plural)
सहोदर्याः (ablative singular)
सहोदर्यै2 (ablative singular)
सहोदरीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सहोदरीभ्यः (ablative plural)
सहोदर्याः (genitive singular)
सहोदर्यै2 (genitive singular)
सहोदर्योः (dual genitive)
सहोदरीणाम् (genitive plural)
सहोदर्याम् (locative singular)
सहोदर्योः (dual locative)
सहोदरीषु (locative plural)
सहोदरम् (nominative singular)
सहोदरे (dual nominative)
सहोदराणि (nominative plural)
सहोदरा1 (nominative plural)
सहोदर (singular vocative)
सहोदरे (dual vocative)
सहोदराणि (plural vocative)
सहोदरा1 (plural vocative)
सहोदरम् (accusative singular)
सहोदरे (accusative dual)
सहोदराणि (accusative plural)
सहोदरा1 (accusative plural)
सहोदरेण (instrumental singular)
सहोदराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सहोदरैः (instrumental plural)
सहोदरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सहोदराय (dative singular)
सहोदराभ्याम् (dative dual)
सहोदरेभ्यः (dative plural)
सहोदरात् (ablative singular)
सहोदराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सहोदरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सहोदरस्य (genitive singular)
सहोदरयोः (dual genitive)
सहोदराणाम् (genitive plural)
सहोदरे (locative singular)
सहोदरयोः (dual locative)
सहोदरेषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀳𑁄𑀅𑀭 (sahoara), 𑀲𑀳𑁄𑀅𑀭𑀻 (sahoarī)

Hindustani:

Hindi: सहोवर (sahovar)

Urdu: سَہووَر (sahovar)

Sinhalese: සොහොයුරා (sohoyurā), සොහොයුරී (sohoyurī)

Borrowings

→ Assamese: সহোদৰ (xohüdor) (learned)

→ Bengali: সহোদর (śohōdor) (learned)

→ Hindustani: (learned)

Hindi: सहोदर (sahodar)

Urdu: سَہودَر (sahodar)

→ Kannada: ಸಹೋದರ (sahōdara) (learned)

→ Malayalam: സഹോദരൻ (sahōdaraṉ) (learned)

→ Marathi: सहोदर (sahodar) (learned)

→ Sinhalese: සහෝදර (sahōdara) (learned)

→ Tamil: சகோதரன் (cakōtaraṉ) (learned)

→ Telugu: సహోదరుడు (sahōdaruḍu) (learned)

/s̪ɐˈɦoː.d̪ɐ.ɾɐ/

Tatpuruṣa compound of सह (saha) + उदर (udara)


विश्पति

viś-páti (romanization)
विश्पतिः (nominative singular)
विश्पती (dual nominative)
विश्पतयः (nominative plural)
विश्पते (singular vocative)
विश्पती (dual vocative)
विश्पतयः (plural vocative)
विश्पतिम् (accusative singular)
विश्पती (accusative dual)
विश्पतीन् (accusative plural)
विश्पतिना (instrumental singular)
विश्पत्या1 (instrumental singular)
विश्पतिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विश्पतिभिः (instrumental plural)
विश्पतये (dative singular)
विश्पतिभ्याम् (dative dual)
विश्पतिभ्यः (dative plural)
विश्पतेः (ablative singular)
विश्पत्यः1 (ablative singular)
विश्पतिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
विश्पतिभ्यः (ablative plural)
विश्पतेः (genitive singular)
विश्पत्यः1 (genitive singular)
विश्पत्योः (dual genitive)
विश्पतीनाम् (genitive plural)
विश्पतौ (locative singular)
विश्पता1 (locative singular)
विश्पत्योः (dual locative)
विश्पतिषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *wiśpátiṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wićpátiš, from Proto-Indo-European *wiḱpótis.
Cognate with Lithuanian viẽšpats (“lord”), Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (vīspaⁱti, “chief of a tribe”), Old Prussian waispattin (“mistress of a house”), probably Albanian zot (“lord, master”).

cog

RV 7.7.4c
सद्यो अध्वरे रथिरं जनन्त मानुषासो विचेतसो य एषाम |
विशामधायि विश्पतिर्दुरोणे.अग्निर्मन्द्रो मधुवचा रतावा ||
sadyo adhvare rathiraṃ jananta mānuṣāso vicetaso ya eṣām |
viśāmadhāyi viśpatirduroṇe agnirmandro madhuvacā ṛtāvā ||
Forthwith the men, the best of these for wisdom, have made him leader in the solemn worship.
As Lord in homes of men is Agni stablished, the Holy One, the joyous, sweetly speaking.

the chief of a settlement or tribe, lord of the house or of the people (also applied to Agni and Indra) (RV., AV., TS.)


कालिदास

head

कालिदास • (Kālidā́sa) m

Kālidā́sa (romanization)
कालिदासः (nominative singular)
कालिदासौ (dual nominative)
कालिदासाः (nominative plural)
कालिदास (singular vocative)
कालिदासौ (dual vocative)
कालिदासाः (plural vocative)
कालिदासम् (accusative singular)
कालिदासौ (accusative dual)
कालिदासान् (accusative plural)
कालिदासेन (instrumental singular)
कालिदासाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कालिदासैः (instrumental plural)
कालिदासाय (dative singular)
कालिदासाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कालिदासेभ्यः (dative plural)
कालिदासात् (ablative singular)
कालिदासाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कालिदासेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कालिदासस्य (genitive singular)
कालिदासयोः (dual genitive)
कालिदासानाम् (genitive plural)
कालिदासे (locative singular)
कालिदासयोः (dual locative)
कालिदासेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of कालिदास

कालिदासाभ्याम्

कालिदासाभ्याम्

कालिदासेभ्यः

कालिदासाभ्याम्

कालिदासेभ्यः

कालिदासानाम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

कालिदासाभ्याम्

कालिदासाभ्याम्

कालिदासेभ्यः

कालिदासाभ्याम्

कालिदासेभ्यः

कालिदासानाम्

काली (kālī, “Kali, a Hindu goddess”) + दास (dāsa, “slave”)


अश्वत्थ

aśvatthá (romanization)
अश्वत्थः (nominative singular)
अश्वत्थौ (dual nominative)
अश्वत्था1 (dual nominative)
अश्वत्थाः (nominative plural)
अश्वत्थासः1 (nominative plural)
अश्वत्थ (singular vocative)
अश्वत्थौ (dual vocative)
अश्वत्था1 (dual vocative)
अश्वत्थाः (plural vocative)
अश्वत्थासः1 (plural vocative)
अश्वत्थम् (accusative singular)
अश्वत्थौ (accusative dual)
अश्वत्था1 (accusative dual)
अश्वत्थान् (accusative plural)
अश्वत्थेन (instrumental singular)
अश्वत्थाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अश्वत्थैः (instrumental plural)
अश्वत्थेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अश्वत्थाय (dative singular)
अश्वत्थाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अश्वत्थेभ्यः (dative plural)
अश्वत्थात् (ablative singular)
अश्वत्थाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अश्वत्थेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अश्वत्थस्य (genitive singular)
अश्वत्थयोः (dual genitive)
अश्वत्थानाम् (genitive plural)
अश्वत्थे (locative singular)
अश्वत्थयोः (dual locative)
अश्वत्थेषु (locative plural)

desc

Prakrit: 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀣 (assattha), 𑀆𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀣 (āsattha), 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀣 (assŏttha), 𑀅𑀁𑀲𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀣 (aṃsŏttha), 𑀆𑀲𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀣 (āsŏttha)

Assamese: আঁহত (ãhot)

Pali: assattha

⇒ Bengali: অশোত (ośōt), আশোত (aśōt)

→ Bengali: অশ্বত্থ (ośśottho) (learned)

→ Sinhalese: අශ්වත්ථ (aśwattha) (learned)

/ɐɕ.ʋɐt.tʰɐ́/

[ɐɕ.ʋɐt̚.tʰɐ́]

/ɐɕˈʋɐt̪.t̪ʰɐ/

[ɐɕˈʋɐt̪̚.t̪ʰɐ]

Uncertain. The plausible etymologies proposed in the literature are:
* Per Turner, from a substrate term that has been Sanskritised + -त्थ (-ttha, “wood”), a suffix also found in कपित्थ (kapittha, “bael tree”), डित्थ (ḍittha, “wooden elephant”), and डवित्थ (ḍavittha, “wooden antelope”). In this case, the first element is probably not अश्व (aśva, “horse”).
* Per Mayrhofer, compare Proto-Iranian *HacwaHastiš (“alfalfa, lucerne”, literally “horse food”). If truly cognate, the Sanskrit term must have originally been *अश्व-द्-थ (aśva-d-tha), but it is not easy to reconcile the suffix with expected Proto-Indo-European *h₁éd-t-is (“food”), nor is the ashvattha tree typically used as horse food. The expected cognate of the Iranic term would be *अश्वत्ति (aśvatti).
Mayrhofer lists some other attempted Indo-European etymologies, none of which are convincing:
* Per Adalbert Kuhn and quoted by Uhlenbeck, a Prakritism from अश्व (aśva, “horse”) + स्थ (stha, “stand”). This etymology arises from a story in the Brāhmaṇas about the tree being a receptacle for the horse-form of the god अग्नि (agni), and thus probably a post-hoc explanation.
* Per Fay, a compound from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ékʷeh₂ (“water”) + *dh₃tós (“given”).
* Per Lassen, a Prakritism from अ- (a-) + स्वस्थ (svastha), i.e. "not self-dependent", referring to the continual shivering of its leaves. Emeneau supports this etymology but rather in reference to the tree's epiphytism; he later withdrew his support and instead favoured a substrate borrowing.
Compare also the given name अश्वत्थाम (aśvatthāma).

com

550 CE, Varāhamihira, Bṛhat Saṃhitā


अतिथि

átithi (romanization)
अतिथिः (nominative singular)
अतिथी (dual nominative)
अतिथयः (nominative plural)
अतिथे (singular vocative)
अतिथी (dual vocative)
अतिथयः (plural vocative)
अतिथिम् (accusative singular)
अतिथी (accusative dual)
अतिथीन् (accusative plural)
अतिथिना (instrumental singular)
अतिथ्या1 (instrumental singular)
अतिथिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अतिथिभिः (instrumental plural)
अतिथये (dative singular)
अतिथिभ्याम् (dative dual)
अतिथिभ्यः (dative plural)
अतिथेः (ablative singular)
अतिथ्यः1 (ablative singular)
अतिथिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अतिथिभ्यः (ablative plural)
अतिथेः (genitive singular)
अतिथ्यः1 (genitive singular)
अतिथ्योः (dual genitive)
अतिथीनाम् (genitive plural)
अतिथौ (locative singular)
अतिथा1 (locative singular)
अतिथ्योः (dual locative)
अतिथिषु (locative plural)

Pali: atithi

→ Bengali: অতিথি (otithi)

→ Khmer: អតិថិ (ʼaʼtetheʼ)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *atHthi- (“guest”), and cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬌 (asti, “guest”). Further origin is unclear; the word is traditionally taken as a derivative of अत् (at, “to go constantly”), but this is not certain, and Lubotsky disagrees with this derivation. Schwartz and Malkiel instead propose a relation with व्यथ् (vyath, “to waver”).

yád vā́ átithipatir átithīn parivíṣya gr̥hā́n upodáity avabhŕ̥tham evá tád upā́vaiti


वैद्य

vaidya (romanization)
वैद्यः (nominative singular)
वैद्यौ (dual nominative)
वैद्या1 (dual nominative)
वैद्याः (nominative plural)
वैद्यासः1 (nominative plural)
वैद्य (singular vocative)
वैद्यौ (dual vocative)
वैद्या1 (dual vocative)
वैद्याः (plural vocative)
वैद्यासः1 (plural vocative)
वैद्यम् (accusative singular)
वैद्यौ (accusative dual)
वैद्या1 (accusative dual)
वैद्यान् (accusative plural)
वैद्येन (instrumental singular)
वैद्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वैद्यैः (instrumental plural)
वैद्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वैद्याय (dative singular)
वैद्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
वैद्येभ्यः (dative plural)
वैद्यात् (ablative singular)
वैद्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वैद्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
वैद्यस्य (genitive singular)
वैद्ययोः (dual genitive)
वैद्यानाम् (genitive plural)
वैद्ये (locative singular)
वैद्ययोः (dual locative)
वैद्येषु (locative plural)

Pali: vejja

Prakrit: 𑀯𑁂𑀚𑁆𑀚 (vĕjja)

Assamese: বেজ (bez)

Middle Bengali: বেজ (beja)

desc

Odia: ବେଜ (beja), ବେଜୁ (beju), ବେଜୁଡ଼ (bejuṛa), ବେଜୁଡ଼ୁ (bejuṛu), ବେଜି (beji)

Sindhi: vej̄u

Arabic script: ويڄُ

Devanagari script: वेॼु

Sinhalese: වෙදා (wedā)

→ Assamese: বৈদ্য (boiiddo) (learned)

→ Bengali: বৈদ্য (bōiddo) (learned)

→ English: vaidya

→ Hindi: वैद्य (vaidya) (learned)

→ Kannada: ವೈದ್ಯ (vaidya) (learned)

→ Malayalam: വൈദ്യം (vaidyaṁ)

→ Marathi: वैद्य (vaidya) (learned)

→ Nepali: वैद्य (vaidya) (learned)

→ Sinhalese: වෛද්ය (waidya) (learned)

→ Tamil: வயித்தியன் (vayittiyaṉ), வைத்தியன் (vaittiyaṉ)

→ Old Javanese: waidya

→ Telugu: వైద్యము (vaidyamu), వైద్యుడు (vaidyuḍu)

Vrddhi derivative of वेद (véda) with a -य (-ya) extension, From the root विद् (vid)

वैद्यमानिन्

thinking oneself a physician, pretending to be a physician

वैद्यशास्त्र

text-book for physicians, treatise on the preparation of medicines

follower of the Vedas, well-versed in the Vedas


कलत्र

kalatra (romanization)
कलत्रम् (nominative singular)
कलत्रे (dual nominative)
कलत्राणि (nominative plural)
कलत्रा1 (nominative plural)
कलत्र (singular vocative)
कलत्रे (dual vocative)
कलत्राणि (plural vocative)
कलत्रा1 (plural vocative)
कलत्रम् (accusative singular)
कलत्रे (accusative dual)
कलत्राणि (accusative plural)
कलत्रा1 (accusative plural)
कलत्रेण (instrumental singular)
कलत्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कलत्रैः (instrumental plural)
कलत्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कलत्राय (dative singular)
कलत्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
कलत्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
कलत्रात् (ablative singular)
कलत्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कलत्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कलत्रस्य (genitive singular)
कलत्रयोः (dual genitive)
कलत्राणाम् (genitive plural)
कलत्रे (locative singular)
कलत्रयोः (dual locative)
कलत्रेषु (locative plural)

Telugu: కళత్రము (kaḷatramu)

/kɐˈl̪ɐt̪.ɾɐ/


जनक

janaka (romanization)
जनकः (nominative singular)
जनकौ (dual nominative)
जनका1 (dual nominative)
जनकाः (nominative plural)
जनकासः1 (nominative plural)
जनक (singular vocative)
जनकौ (dual vocative)
जनका1 (dual vocative)
जनकाः (plural vocative)
जनकासः1 (plural vocative)
जनकम् (accusative singular)
जनकौ (accusative dual)
जनका1 (accusative dual)
जनकान् (accusative plural)
जनकेन (instrumental singular)
जनकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जनकैः (instrumental plural)
जनकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
जनकाय (dative singular)
जनकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जनकेभ्यः (dative plural)
जनकात् (ablative singular)
जनकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जनकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जनकस्य (genitive singular)
जनकयोः (dual genitive)
जनकानाम् (genitive plural)
जनके (locative singular)
जनकयोः (dual locative)
जनकेषु (locative plural)

/ˈd͡ʑɐ.n̪ɐ.kɐ/

From the root जन् (jan, “to give birth”) + -अक (-aka), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to beget”).


जननी

jananī (romanization)
जननी (nominative singular)
जनन्यौ (dual nominative)
जननी1 (dual nominative)
जनन्यः (nominative plural)
जननीः1 (nominative plural)
जननि (singular vocative)
जनन्यौ (dual vocative)
जननी1 (dual vocative)
जनन्यः (plural vocative)
जननीः1 (plural vocative)
जननीम् (accusative singular)
जनन्यौ (accusative dual)
जननी1 (accusative dual)
जननीः (accusative plural)
जनन्या (instrumental singular)
जननीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जननीभिः (instrumental plural)
जनन्यै (dative singular)
जननीभ्याम् (dative dual)
जननीभ्यः (dative plural)
जनन्याः (ablative singular)
जनन्यै2 (ablative singular)
जननीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जननीभ्यः (ablative plural)
जनन्याः (genitive singular)
जनन्यै2 (genitive singular)
जनन्योः (dual genitive)
जननीनाम् (genitive plural)
जनन्याम् (locative singular)
जनन्योः (dual locative)
जननीषु (locative plural)

/ˈd͡ʑɐ.n̪ɐ.n̪iː/

From the root जन् (jan, “to give birth”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to beget”).


नन्दिनी

nandinī (romanization)
नन्दिनी (nominative singular)
नन्दिन्यौ (dual nominative)
नन्दिनी1 (dual nominative)
नन्दिन्यः (nominative plural)
नन्दिनीः1 (nominative plural)
नन्दिनि (singular vocative)
नन्दिन्यौ (dual vocative)
नन्दिनी1 (dual vocative)
नन्दिन्यः (plural vocative)
नन्दिनीः1 (plural vocative)
नन्दिनीम् (accusative singular)
नन्दिन्यौ (accusative dual)
नन्दिनी1 (accusative dual)
नन्दिनीः (accusative plural)
नन्दिन्या (instrumental singular)
नन्दिनीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नन्दिनीभिः (instrumental plural)
नन्दिन्यै (dative singular)
नन्दिनीभ्याम् (dative dual)
नन्दिनीभ्यः (dative plural)
नन्दिन्याः (ablative singular)
नन्दिन्यै2 (ablative singular)
नन्दिनीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नन्दिनीभ्यः (ablative plural)
नन्दिन्याः (genitive singular)
नन्दिन्यै2 (genitive singular)
नन्दिन्योः (dual genitive)
नन्दिनीनाम् (genitive plural)
नन्दिन्याम् (locative singular)
नन्दिन्योः (dual locative)
नन्दिनीषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: नंदिनी (nandinī)

→ Malayalam: നന്ദിനി (nandini)

From the root नन्द् (nand, “to rejoice, delight”).


नन्दिनी

nandinī (romanization)
नन्दिनी (nominative singular)
नन्दिनि (singular vocative)
नन्दिनीम् (accusative singular)
नन्दिन्या (instrumental singular)
नन्दिन्यै (dative singular)
नन्दिन्याः (ablative singular)
नन्दिन्यै1 (ablative singular)
नन्दिन्याः (genitive singular)
नन्दिन्यै1 (genitive singular)
नन्दिन्याम् (locative singular)


ईश

īśá (romanization)
ईशः (nominative singular)
ईशौ (dual nominative)
ईशा1 (dual nominative)
ईशाः (nominative plural)
ईशासः1 (nominative plural)
ईश (singular vocative)
ईशौ (dual vocative)
ईशा1 (dual vocative)
ईशाः (plural vocative)
ईशासः1 (plural vocative)
ईशम् (accusative singular)
ईशौ (accusative dual)
ईशा1 (accusative dual)
ईशान् (accusative plural)
ईशेन (instrumental singular)
ईशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ईशैः (instrumental plural)
ईशेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ईशाय (dative singular)
ईशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ईशेभ्यः (dative plural)
ईशात् (ablative singular)
ईशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ईशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ईशस्य (genitive singular)
ईशयोः (dual genitive)
ईशानाम् (genitive plural)
ईशे (locative singular)
ईशयोः (dual locative)
ईशेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *HiHśás, form Proto-Indo-Iranian *HiHćás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyḱ- (“to own; ability, possession”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬁- (aēšā-, “ability, possessions”), Tocharian B aik- (“to know”), and Proto-Germanic *aiganą (Whence English own, Danish eje).
The Sanskrit root is ईश् (īś). See also ईश्वर (īśvará).

सुरेश

a lord of the gods, name of a god, of Indra


घोष

ghóṣa (romanization)
घोषः (nominative singular)
घोषौ (dual nominative)
घोषा1 (dual nominative)
घोषाः (nominative plural)
घोषासः1 (nominative plural)
घोष (singular vocative)
घोषौ (dual vocative)
घोषा1 (dual vocative)
घोषाः (plural vocative)
घोषासः1 (plural vocative)
घोषम् (accusative singular)
घोषौ (accusative dual)
घोषा1 (accusative dual)
घोषान् (accusative plural)
घोषेण (instrumental singular)
घोषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
घोषैः (instrumental plural)
घोषेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
घोषाय (dative singular)
घोषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
घोषेभ्यः (dative plural)
घोषात् (ablative singular)
घोषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
घोषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
घोषस्य (genitive singular)
घोषयोः (dual genitive)
घोषाणाम् (genitive plural)
घोषे (locative singular)
घोषयोः (dual locative)
घोषेषु (locative plural)

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: ගොස (gosa)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀖𑁄𑀲 (ghosa)

Old Marathi: घोसा (ghosā)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Sindhi: گۇهو (gūho)

Punjabi: ਘੋ (gho)

Pali: ghosa

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀖𑁄𑀲 (ghosa)

Hindustani:

Hindi: घोस (ghos)

Urdu: گهوس (ghos)

→ Assamese: ঘোষ (ghüx) (learned)

→ Bengali: ঘোষ (ghōś) (learned)

→ Hindustani: (learned)

Hindi: घोष (ghoṣ)

Urdu: گھوش (ghoṣ)

→ Malayalam: ഘോഷം (ghōṣaṁ) (learned)

desctree

→ Old Marathi: 𑘑𑘻𑘬 (ghoṣa) (learned)
Marathi: घोष (ghoṣ)

→ Odia: ଘୋଷ (ghosha) (learned)

→ Tamil: கோஷம் (kōṣam), கோடம் (kōṭam)

→ Telugu: ఘోష (ghōṣa) (learned)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *gʰáwṣas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰáwšas (“noise, sound”) (compare Persian گوش (gôš)), from Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰéw-sos, from *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰew- (“to heed, perceive”). Probably cognate with Proto-Germanic *gaumō (“heed, attention”).

cog

the whizzing or whir of a bowstring, crackling of fire, singing in the ear


मैथिली

→ English: Maithili

→ Maithili: मैथिली (maithilī)

→ Marathi: मैथिली (maithilī)


लता

latā (romanization)
लता (nominative singular)
लते (dual nominative)
लताः (nominative plural)
लते (singular vocative)
लते (dual vocative)
लताः (plural vocative)
लताम् (accusative singular)
लते (accusative dual)
लताः (accusative plural)
लतया (instrumental singular)
लता1 (instrumental singular)
लताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
लताभिः (instrumental plural)
लतायै (dative singular)
लताभ्याम् (dative dual)
लताभ्यः (dative plural)
लतायाः (ablative singular)
लतायै2 (ablative singular)
लताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
लताभ्यः (ablative plural)
लतायाः (genitive singular)
लतायै2 (genitive singular)
लतयोः (dual genitive)
लतानाम् (genitive plural)
लतायाम् (locative singular)
लतयोः (dual locative)
लतासु (locative plural)

Assamese: লেৱা (lewa)

→ Khmer: លតា (lea’daa)

→ Tamil: லதை (latai)

→ Telugu: లత (lata)

Possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ln̥téh₂, zero-grade variant of *lentéh₂ (“linden, lime(-wood)”); if so, cognate with Proto-Germanic *lindō (“linden”) (whence English linden), Proto-Balto-Slavic *lentā́ˀ (Lithuanian lentà (“(linden) board”), Russian лут (lut, “(linden) bast”)) and Albanian lëndë (“wood, material”), as well as perhaps Latin lentus (“pliable; slow”).


अनस्

ánas (romanization)
अनः (nominative singular)
अनसी (dual nominative)
अनांसि (nominative plural)
अनः (singular vocative)
अनसी (dual vocative)
अनांसि (plural vocative)
अनः (accusative singular)
अनसी (accusative dual)
अनांसि (accusative plural)
अनसा (instrumental singular)
अनोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अनोभिः (instrumental plural)
अनसे (dative singular)
अनोभ्याम् (dative dual)
अनोभ्यः (dative plural)
अनसः (ablative singular)
अनोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अनोभ्यः (ablative plural)
अनसः (genitive singular)
अनसोः (dual genitive)
अनसाम् (genitive plural)
अनसि (locative singular)
अनसोः (dual locative)
अनःसु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hánas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hánas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃énh₂os (“load; burden”), from *h₃enh₂- (“to onerate; to charge”) + *-os. Cognate with Latin onus. Compare English onerous, a Latin borrowing.


मातामही

Tamil: மாதாமகி (mātāmaki)

maternal grandmother
maternal grandmother


मातामह

Tamil: மாதாமகர் (mātāmakar)

maternal grandfather
maternal grandfather


पितामही

paternal grandmother
paternal grandmother


प्रपितामह

prapitāmaha (romanization)
प्रपितामहः (nominative singular)
प्रपितामहौ (dual nominative)
प्रपितामहाः (nominative plural)
प्रपितामह (singular vocative)
प्रपितामहौ (dual vocative)
प्रपितामहाः (plural vocative)
प्रपितामहम् (accusative singular)
प्रपितामहौ (accusative dual)
प्रपितामहान् (accusative plural)
प्रपितामहेन (instrumental singular)
प्रपितामहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रपितामहैः (instrumental plural)
प्रपितामहाय (dative singular)
प्रपितामहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रपितामहेभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रपितामहात् (ablative singular)
प्रपितामहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रपितामहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रपितामहस्य (genitive singular)
प्रपितामहयोः (dual genitive)
प्रपितामहानाम् (genitive plural)
प्रपितामहे (locative singular)
प्रपितामहयोः (dual locative)
प्रपितामहेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of प्रपितामह

प्रपितामहान्

प्रपितामहाभ्याम्

प्रपितामहाभ्याम्

प्रपितामहेभ्यः

प्रपितामहात्

प्रपितामहाभ्याम्

प्रपितामहेभ्यः

प्रपितामहस्य

प्रपितामहयोः

प्रपितामहानाम्

प्रपितामहयोः

प्रपितामहेषु

sa-decl-noun/cell

प्रपितामहस्य

प्रपितामहान्

प्रपितामहाभ्याम्

प्रपितामहाभ्याम्

प्रपितामहेभ्यः

प्रपितामहात्

प्रपितामहाभ्याम्

प्रपितामहेभ्यः

प्रपितामहस्य

प्रपितामहयोः

प्रपितामहानाम्

प्रपितामहयोः

प्रपितामहेषु


पितामह

pitāmahá (romanization)
पितामहः (nominative singular)
पितामहौ (dual nominative)
पितामहा1 (dual nominative)
पितामहाः (nominative plural)
पितामहासः1 (nominative plural)
पितामह (singular vocative)
पितामहौ (dual vocative)
पितामहा1 (dual vocative)
पितामहाः (plural vocative)
पितामहासः1 (plural vocative)
पितामहम् (accusative singular)
पितामहौ (accusative dual)
पितामहा1 (accusative dual)
पितामहान् (accusative plural)
पितामहेन (instrumental singular)
पितामहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पितामहैः (instrumental plural)
पितामहेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पितामहाय (dative singular)
पितामहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पितामहेभ्यः (dative plural)
पितामहात् (ablative singular)
पितामहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पितामहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पितामहस्य (genitive singular)
पितामहयोः (dual genitive)
पितामहानाम् (genitive plural)
पितामहे (locative singular)
पितामहयोः (dual locative)
पितामहेषु (locative plural)

पितृ (pitṛ́, “father”) + मह (mahá, “great”).

com

paternal grandfather
paternal grandfather


पौत्र

desc

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀧𑁄𑀢 (pota /potta/), 𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀭 (potra)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢 (potta)

desctree

⇒ Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀧𑁄𑀢𑀓 (potaka /pottaka/)
Sauraseni Prakrit: *𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢-𑀕 (*potta-ga)
Hindustani:
Hindi: पोता (potā)
Urdu: پوتا (potā)

Paisaci Prakrit:

desc

Punjabi: ਪੋਤਾ (potā /potta/), ਪੋਤਰਾ (potrā)

→ Gujarati: પૌત્ર (pautra)

→ Hindi: पौत्र (pautra)

→ Bengali: পৌত্র (pōutro)

→ Odia: ପୌତ୍ର (pautra)

⇒ Telugu: పౌత్రుడు (pautruḍu)


अध्यापक

adhyāpaka (romanization)
अध्यापकः (nominative singular)
अध्यापकौ (dual nominative)
अध्यापका1 (dual nominative)
अध्यापकाः (nominative plural)
अध्यापकासः1 (nominative plural)
अध्यापक (singular vocative)
अध्यापकौ (dual vocative)
अध्यापका1 (dual vocative)
अध्यापकाः (plural vocative)
अध्यापकासः1 (plural vocative)
अध्यापकम् (accusative singular)
अध्यापकौ (accusative dual)
अध्यापका1 (accusative dual)
अध्यापकान् (accusative plural)
अध्यापकेन (instrumental singular)
अध्यापकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अध्यापकैः (instrumental plural)
अध्यापकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अध्यापकाय (dative singular)
अध्यापकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अध्यापकेभ्यः (dative plural)
अध्यापकात् (ablative singular)
अध्यापकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अध्यापकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अध्यापकस्य (genitive singular)
अध्यापकयोः (dual genitive)
अध्यापकानाम् (genitive plural)
अध्यापके (locative singular)
अध्यापकयोः (dual locative)
अध्यापकेषु (locative plural)

/ɐd̪ʱˈjɑː.pɐ.kɐ/

अहं अध्यापकः अस्मि।

अध्यापकः इदानीम् आगमिष्यति।

गणितस्य अध्यापकः अस्ति वा पश्यतु।


राहुल

→ English: Rahul

→ Hindi: राहुल (rāhul)

→ Marathi: राहुल (rāhul)

/ˈɾɑː.ɦu.l̪ɐ/


भगिनी

bhaginī (romanization)
भगिनी (nominative singular)
भगिन्यौ (dual nominative)
भगिनी1 (dual nominative)
भगिन्यः (nominative plural)
भगिनीः1 (nominative plural)
भगिनि (singular vocative)
भगिन्यौ (dual vocative)
भगिनी1 (dual vocative)
भगिन्यः (plural vocative)
भगिनीः1 (plural vocative)
भगिनीम् (accusative singular)
भगिन्यौ (accusative dual)
भगिनी1 (accusative dual)
भगिनीः (accusative plural)
भगिन्या (instrumental singular)
भगिनीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भगिनीभिः (instrumental plural)
भगिन्यै (dative singular)
भगिनीभ्याम् (dative dual)
भगिनीभ्यः (dative plural)
भगिन्याः (ablative singular)
भगिन्यै2 (ablative singular)
भगिनीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भगिनीभ्यः (ablative plural)
भगिन्याः (genitive singular)
भगिन्यै2 (genitive singular)
भगिन्योः (dual genitive)
भगिनीनाम् (genitive plural)
भगिन्याम् (locative singular)
भगिन्योः (dual locative)
भगिनीषु (locative plural)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀪𑀇𑀡𑀺 (bhaïṇi)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: بیٚنہِ (beni)

Gandhari: 𐨧𐨒𐨁𐨣𐨁 (bhagini)

Magadhi Prakrit: *𑀪𑁃𑀡𑀻 (*bhaiṇī), *𑀩𑀳𑀺𑀡𑀻 (*bahiṇī)

Early Assamese: বহিনী (bohinī), *ভৈনী (bhoinī)

Assamese: বৈনী (boini), বনী (boni), ভনী (bhoni)

Middle Bengali: বহিন (bohin), ভইনী (bhoini), ভইন (bhoin)

Bengali: বহিন (bohin), বইন (boin), বোন (bōn)

→ Bengali: ভগিনী (bhogini)

Kamta: বৈনী (boini)

Sylheti: ꠜꠂꠘ (boin)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀪𑁃𑀡𑀻 (bhaiṇī), 𑀩𑀳𑀺𑀡𑀻 (bahiṇī)

Konkani: भैण (bhaiṇ)

Old Marathi: बहिणी (bahiṇī)

Marathi: बहीण (bahīṇ)

→ Old Javanese: [script needed] (bhaginī)

Pali: bhaginī

→ Khmer: ភគិនី (phɔɔkinii)

→ Lao: ພະຄິນີ (pha khi nī)

→ Thai: ภคินี

→ Thai: ภคินี

Sauraseni Prakrit: *𑀪𑁃𑀡𑀻 (*bhaiṇī), *𑀩𑀳𑀺𑀡𑀻 (*bahiṇī)

Old Gujarati: बहिन (bahina)

Dhundari: भैण

Gujarati: બહેન (bahen)

Malvi: भेन (bhen)

Mewari: बेन (ben), बहिन (bahin)

Kachchi: ભેણ (bheṇ)

Hindi: बहन (bahan)

→ Hindi: भगिनी (bhaginī)

Punjabi: ਭੈਣ (bhaiṇ)

desctree

Romani: phen, pheny, phej, phey
Angloromani: pen, pan, pey

Marwari: भैण (bhaiṇ)

Khasa Prakrit:

Nepali: बहिनी (bahinī)

→ Tamil: பகினி (pakiṉi)

→ Telugu: భగిని (bhagini)

→ Malayalam: ഭഗിനി (bhagini)

Of uncertain origin. Has been connected to भग (bhaga) in both the "good fortune" and "vulva" senses (the latter sense is considered to be specialized from the former sense). However, Ghurye rejects connections to भग (bhaga) and the related भाग (bhāga, “luck, fortune”), as well as to भ्रातृ (bhrātṛ, “brother”), as fanciful. Descendant terms in attested Middle Indo-Aryan and most Neo Indo-Aryan languages start with the syllable bah-, which presupposes Old Indo-Aryan *bagh-, making a derivation from an unattested form *बघिनी (baghinī) plausible; due to the unlikelihood of a metathesis of
initial aspiration in Indo-Aryan, the attested form may postdate the unattested one.


शक

śaka (romanization)
शकः (nominative singular)
शकौ (dual nominative)
शका1 (dual nominative)
शकाः (nominative plural)
शकासः1 (nominative plural)
शक (singular vocative)
शकौ (dual vocative)
शका1 (dual vocative)
शकाः (plural vocative)
शकासः1 (plural vocative)
शकम् (accusative singular)
शकौ (accusative dual)
शका1 (accusative dual)
शकान् (accusative plural)
शकेन (instrumental singular)
शकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शकैः (instrumental plural)
शकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शकाय (dative singular)
शकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शकेभ्यः (dative plural)
शकात् (ablative singular)
शकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शकस्य (genitive singular)
शकयोः (dual genitive)
शकानाम् (genitive plural)
शके (locative singular)
शकयोः (dual locative)
शकेषु (locative plural)

→ English: Saka

→ Hindi: शक (śak)

Borrowed from Old Persian 𐎿𐎣𐎠 (s-k-a /Sakā/, “Scythian”), from 𐎿𐎣 (s-k /Saka/, “Scythia”), from Scythian.


अशोक

desctree

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀅𑀲𑁄𑀓 (asoka)
→ English: Asoka

→ Bhojpuri: अशोक (aśōk)

→ English: Ashoka, Aśoka

→ Hindi: अशोक (aśok)
→ English: Ashok

→ Marathi: अशोक (aśok)

From अ- (a-, “un-, not”) + शोक (śoka, “grief”).

af

Ashoka (an emperor of the Mauryan Empire)


कृषक

kṛṣaka (romanization)
कृषकः (nominative singular)
कृषकौ (dual nominative)
कृषकाः (nominative plural)
कृषक (singular vocative)
कृषकौ (dual vocative)
कृषकाः (plural vocative)
कृषकम् (accusative singular)
कृषकौ (accusative dual)
कृषकान् (accusative plural)
कृषकेण (instrumental singular)
कृषकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कृषकैः (instrumental plural)
कृषकाय (dative singular)
कृषकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कृषकेभ्यः (dative plural)
कृषकात् (ablative singular)
कृषकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कृषकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कृषकस्य (genitive singular)
कृषकयोः (dual genitive)
कृषकाणाम् (genitive plural)
कृषके (locative singular)
कृषकयोः (dual locative)
कृषकेषु (locative plural)

From the root कृष् (kṛṣ, “to plough”) + -अक (-aka).

sa-root

रोहन्तु सर्वशस्यानि काले देवः प्रवर्षतु ।
सुस्था भवन्तु कृषका धनधान्यसमृद्धिभिः ॥
rohantu sarvaśasyāni kāle devaḥ pravarṣatu.

May all the crops grow, may the Deva make it rain in time.
May the farmers be happy with abundance of wealth and crops.

susthā bhavantu kṛṣakā dhanadhānyasamṛddhibhiḥ.


गणक

gáṇaka (romanization)
गणकः (nominative singular)
गणकौ (dual nominative)
गणका1 (dual nominative)
गणकाः (nominative plural)
गणकासः1 (nominative plural)
गणक (singular vocative)
गणकौ (dual vocative)
गणका1 (dual vocative)
गणकाः (plural vocative)
गणकासः1 (plural vocative)
गणकम् (accusative singular)
गणकौ (accusative dual)
गणका1 (accusative dual)
गणकान् (accusative plural)
गणकेन (instrumental singular)
गणकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गणकैः (instrumental plural)
गणकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गणकाय (dative singular)
गणकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गणकेभ्यः (dative plural)
गणकात् (ablative singular)
गणकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गणकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गणकस्य (genitive singular)
गणकयोः (dual genitive)
गणकानाम् (genitive plural)
गणके (locative singular)
गणकयोः (dual locative)
गणकेषु (locative plural)

From the root गण् (gaṇ, “to calculate, count”) + -अक (-aka).

sa-root

(New Sanskrit, neologism) a calculator machine, a computer


स्वामिन्

svāmín (romanization)
स्वामी (nominative singular)
स्वामिनौ (dual nominative)
स्वामिना1 (dual nominative)
स्वामिनः (nominative plural)
स्वामिन् (singular vocative)
स्वामिनौ (dual vocative)
स्वामिना1 (dual vocative)
स्वामिनः (plural vocative)
स्वामिनम् (accusative singular)
स्वामिनौ (accusative dual)
स्वामिना1 (accusative dual)
स्वामिनः (accusative plural)
स्वामिना (instrumental singular)
स्वामिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्वामिभिः (instrumental plural)
स्वामिने (dative singular)
स्वामिभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्वामिभ्यः (dative plural)
स्वामिनः (ablative singular)
स्वामिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्वामिभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्वामिनः (genitive singular)
स्वामिनोः (dual genitive)
स्वामिनाम् (genitive plural)
स्वामिनि (locative singular)
स्वामिनोः (dual locative)
स्वामिषु (locative plural)

desctree

Pali: sāmin, sāmiya, suvāmin
→ Tamil: சாமி (cāmi)
→ Khmer: សាមី (saaməy) (learned)
→ Lü: ᦉᦱᦙᦲ (ṡaamii) (learned)
→ Malay: sami (learned)
Indonesian: sami
→ Thai: สามี (sǎa-mii) (learned); → สมี (sà-mǐi) (learned)

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀁𑀇 (sāṃi)

Hindustani:

Hindi: साँई (sā̃ī)

Marathi: साई (sāī)

Middle Bengali: সাঞি (śãi)

Bengali: সাঁই (śãi)

desc

→ Bengali: সোয়ামি (śoami) (semi-learned)

→ Bengali: স্বামী (śami) (learned)

desctree

→ Hindi: स्वामी (svāmī) (learned)
→ English: swami
→ Malay: suami

→ Malay: suami (learned)

Indonesian: suami

→ Tamil: சுவாமி (cuvāmi) (learned)

→ Telugu: స్వామి (svāmi) (learned)

→ Thai: สวามี (sà-wǎa-mii) (learned)

From Proto-Indo-European *s(u)w-o- (“one's own”), from *swé (“self”).

inh

an owner, proprietor, master, lord or owner of (genitive, locative, or comp.) (Mn. MBh. &c)

a chief, commander (of an army) (Vikr. Subh.)

a king, prince (in drama used as a form of address, same as देव (deva))

a spiritual, preceptor, learned Brahman or Pandit (used as a title)


छेदि

chédi (romanization)
छेदिः (nominative singular)
छेदी (dual nominative)
छेदयः (nominative plural)
छेदे (singular vocative)
छेदी (dual vocative)
छेदयः (plural vocative)
छेदिम् (accusative singular)
छेदी (accusative dual)
छेदीन् (accusative plural)
छेदिना (instrumental singular)
छेद्या1 (instrumental singular)
छेदिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
छेदिभिः (instrumental plural)
छेदये (dative singular)
छेदिभ्याम् (dative dual)
छेदिभ्यः (dative plural)
छेदेः (ablative singular)
छेद्यः1 (ablative singular)
छेदिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
छेदिभ्यः (ablative plural)
छेदेः (genitive singular)
छेद्यः1 (genitive singular)
छेद्योः (dual genitive)
छेदीनाम् (genitive plural)
छेदौ (locative singular)
छेदा1 (locative singular)
छेद्योः (dual locative)
छेदिषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ćśáydiṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sčáydiš, from Proto-Indo-European *skéydt (“cut off”), the aorist of *skeyd- (“to split”). Cognate with Russian цеди́ть (cedítʹ, “to strain, to filter”), Ancient Greek σχίζω (skhízō), Latin scindō.


सौचिक

saucika (romanization)
सौचिकः (nominative singular)
सौचिकौ (dual nominative)
सौचिका1 (dual nominative)
सौचिकाः (nominative plural)
सौचिकासः1 (nominative plural)
सौचिक (singular vocative)
सौचिकौ (dual vocative)
सौचिका1 (dual vocative)
सौचिकाः (plural vocative)
सौचिकासः1 (plural vocative)
सौचिकम् (accusative singular)
सौचिकौ (accusative dual)
सौचिका1 (accusative dual)
सौचिकान् (accusative plural)
सौचिकेन (instrumental singular)
सौचिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सौचिकैः (instrumental plural)
सौचिकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सौचिकाय (dative singular)
सौचिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सौचिकेभ्यः (dative plural)
सौचिकात् (ablative singular)
सौचिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सौचिकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सौचिकस्य (genitive singular)
सौचिकयोः (dual genitive)
सौचिकानाम् (genitive plural)
सौचिके (locative singular)
सौचिकयोः (dual locative)
सौचिकेषु (locative plural)

From सूचि (sūci, “needle, pointed object”) + -क (-ka).

af

सौचिकः वस्त्रं सीव्यति।


तत

tatá (romanization)
ततः (nominative singular)
ततौ (dual nominative)
तता1 (dual nominative)
तताः (nominative plural)
ततासः1 (nominative plural)
तत (singular vocative)
ततौ (dual vocative)
तता1 (dual vocative)
तताः (plural vocative)
ततासः1 (plural vocative)
ततम् (accusative singular)
ततौ (accusative dual)
तता1 (accusative dual)
ततान् (accusative plural)
ततेन (instrumental singular)
तताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ततैः (instrumental plural)
ततेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तताय (dative singular)
तताभ्याम् (dative dual)
ततेभ्यः (dative plural)
ततात् (ablative singular)
तताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ततेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ततस्य (genitive singular)
ततयोः (dual genitive)
ततानाम् (genitive plural)
तते (locative singular)
ततयोः (dual locative)
ततेषु (locative plural)
तता (nominative singular)
तते (dual nominative)
तताः (nominative plural)
तते (singular vocative)
तते (dual vocative)
तताः (plural vocative)
तताम् (accusative singular)
तते (accusative dual)
तताः (accusative plural)
ततया (instrumental singular)
तता1 (instrumental singular)
तताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तताभिः (instrumental plural)
ततायै (dative singular)
तताभ्याम् (dative dual)
तताभ्यः (dative plural)
ततायाः (ablative singular)
ततायै2 (ablative singular)
तताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तताभ्यः (ablative plural)
ततायाः (genitive singular)
ततायै2 (genitive singular)
ततयोः (dual genitive)
ततानाम् (genitive plural)
ततायाम् (locative singular)
ततयोः (dual locative)
ततासु (locative plural)
ततम् (nominative singular)
तते (dual nominative)
ततानि (nominative plural)
तता1 (nominative plural)
तत (singular vocative)
तते (dual vocative)
ततानि (plural vocative)
तता1 (plural vocative)
ततम् (accusative singular)
तते (accusative dual)
ततानि (accusative plural)
तता1 (accusative plural)
ततेन (instrumental singular)
तताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ततैः (instrumental plural)
ततेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तताय (dative singular)
तताभ्याम् (dative dual)
ततेभ्यः (dative plural)
ततात् (ablative singular)
तताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ततेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ततस्य (genitive singular)
ततयोः (dual genitive)
ततानाम् (genitive plural)
तते (locative singular)
ततयोः (dual locative)
ततेषु (locative plural)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀢𑀬 (taya)

From Proto-Indo-European *tn̥tós (“stretched, extended”), from *ten- (“to stretch, extend”). Cognate with Ancient Greek τᾰτός (tatós), Latin tentus.


तत

tatá (romanization)
ततः (nominative singular)
ततौ (dual nominative)
तता1 (dual nominative)
तताः (nominative plural)
ततासः1 (nominative plural)
तत (singular vocative)
ततौ (dual vocative)
तता1 (dual vocative)
तताः (plural vocative)
ततासः1 (plural vocative)
ततम् (accusative singular)
ततौ (accusative dual)
तता1 (accusative dual)
ततान् (accusative plural)
ततेन (instrumental singular)
तताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ततैः (instrumental plural)
ततेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तताय (dative singular)
तताभ्याम् (dative dual)
ततेभ्यः (dative plural)
ततात् (ablative singular)
तताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ततेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ततस्य (genitive singular)
ततयोः (dual genitive)
ततानाम् (genitive plural)
तते (locative singular)
ततयोः (dual locative)
ततेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *tata-, imitative of baby talk. Compare Latin tata, Ancient Greek τατᾶ (tatâ).

कारुरहं ततो भिषगुपलप्रक्षिणी नना।
नानाधियोवसूयवो अनु घा इव तस्थिमेन्द्रायेन्दो परि स्रव॥
kārurahaṃ tato bhiṣagupalaprakṣiṇī nanā.

I am a poet, my father is a physician and my mother lays corn upon the stones.
Striving for wealth, with varied plans, we follow our desires like kine. Flow, Indu, flow for Indra's sake.

nānādhiyovasūyavo anu ghā iva tasthimendrāyendo pari srava.