पुष्प

púṣpa (romanization)
पुष्पम् (nominative singular)
पुष्पे (dual nominative)
पुष्पाणि (nominative plural)
पुष्पा1 (nominative plural)
पुष्प (singular vocative)
पुष्पे (dual vocative)
पुष्पाणि (plural vocative)
पुष्पा1 (plural vocative)
पुष्पम् (accusative singular)
पुष्पे (accusative dual)
पुष्पाणि (accusative plural)
पुष्पा1 (accusative plural)
पुष्पेण (instrumental singular)
पुष्पाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पुष्पैः (instrumental plural)
पुष्पेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पुष्पाय (dative singular)
पुष्पाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पुष्पेभ्यः (dative plural)
पुष्पात् (ablative singular)
पुष्पाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पुष्पेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पुष्पस्य (genitive singular)
पुष्पयोः (dual genitive)
पुष्पाणाम् (genitive plural)
पुष्पे (locative singular)
पुष्पयोः (dual locative)
पुष्पेषु (locative plural)

Pali: puppha

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨 (puppha) (see there for further descendants)

→ Bengali: পুষ্প (puśpo)

→ Gujarati: પુષ્પ (puṣp)

→ Hindi: पुष्प (puṣp)

→ Indonesian: puspa

→ Malayalam: പുഷ്പം (puṣpaṁ)

→ Marathi: पुष्प (puṣpa)

→ Sundanese: ᮕᮥᮞ᮪ᮕ (puspa)

desc

→ Tamil: புட்பம் (puṭpam), புஷ்பம் (puṣpam)

⇒ Telugu: పుష్పము (puṣpamu)

→ Thai: บุษบา (bùt-sà-baa)


अपस्मार

apasmāra (romanization)
अपस्मारः (nominative singular)
अपस्मारौ (dual nominative)
अपस्माराः (nominative plural)
अपस्मार (singular vocative)
अपस्मारौ (dual vocative)
अपस्माराः (plural vocative)
अपस्मारम् (accusative singular)
अपस्मारौ (accusative dual)
अपस्मारान् (accusative plural)
अपस्मारेण (instrumental singular)
अपस्माराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अपस्मारैः (instrumental plural)
अपस्माराय (dative singular)
अपस्माराभ्याम् (dative dual)
अपस्मारेभ्यः (dative plural)
अपस्मारात् (ablative singular)
अपस्माराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अपस्मारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अपस्मारस्य (genitive singular)
अपस्मारयोः (dual genitive)
अपस्माराणाम् (genitive plural)
अपस्मारे (locative singular)
अपस्मारयोः (dual locative)
अपस्मारेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of अपस्मार

अपस्माराभ्याम्

अपस्माराभ्याम्

अपस्मारेभ्यः

अपस्माराभ्याम्

अपस्मारेभ्यः

अपस्माराणाम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

अपस्माराभ्याम्

अपस्माराभ्याम्

अपस्मारेभ्यः

अपस्माराभ्याम्

अपस्मारेभ्यः

अपस्माराणाम्

Hindi: अपस्मार (apasmār)

→ Tocharian B: apasmār


रोग

róga (romanization)
रोगः (nominative singular)
रोगौ (dual nominative)
रोगा1 (dual nominative)
रोगाः (nominative plural)
रोगासः1 (nominative plural)
रोग (singular vocative)
रोगौ (dual vocative)
रोगा1 (dual vocative)
रोगाः (plural vocative)
रोगासः1 (plural vocative)
रोगम् (accusative singular)
रोगौ (accusative dual)
रोगा1 (accusative dual)
रोगान् (accusative plural)
रोगेण (instrumental singular)
रोगाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रोगैः (instrumental plural)
रोगेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
रोगाय (dative singular)
रोगाभ्याम् (dative dual)
रोगेभ्यः (dative plural)
रोगात् (ablative singular)
रोगाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रोगेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रोगस्य (genitive singular)
रोगयोः (dual genitive)
रोगाणाम् (genitive plural)
रोगे (locative singular)
रोगयोः (dual locative)
रोगेषु (locative plural)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀭𑁄𑀅 (roa)

Pali: roga

→ Bengali: রোগ (rōg)

→ Burmese: ရောဂါ (rau:ga) (or borrowed from Pali)

→ Kannada: ರೋಗ (rōga)

→ Khmer: រោគ (rook)

→ Lao: ໂລກ (lōk)

→ Malayalam: രോഗം (rōgaṁ)

→ Sinhalese: රෝග (rōga)

→ Tamil: ரோகம் (rōkam)

→ Telugu: రోగము (rōgamu)

→ Thai: โรค (rôok)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *lewg-
Sanskrit रोग (roga)From Proto-Indo-European *lewg-. Compare रुजति (rujati), from the same root.

etymon

हृद्-रोगं मम सूर्य हरिमाणं च नाशय ॥
hṛd-rogaṃ mama sūrya harimāṇaṃ ca nāśaya.
O Sūrya remove my heart's disease, take from me this my yellow hue [jaundice].

तदास्रावस्य भेषजं तदु रोगम्अनीनशत्॥

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 2.3.3

This is the cure for morbid flow, this driveth the malady away.

tadāsrāvasya bheṣajaṃ tadu rogamanīnaśat.

‘breaking up of strength’; disease, infirmity, sickness, ache


अरुण

aruṇá (romanization)
अरुणः (nominative singular)
अरुणौ (dual nominative)
अरुणा1 (dual nominative)
अरुणाः (nominative plural)
अरुणासः1 (nominative plural)
अरुण (singular vocative)
अरुणौ (dual vocative)
अरुणा1 (dual vocative)
अरुणाः (plural vocative)
अरुणासः1 (plural vocative)
अरुणम् (accusative singular)
अरुणौ (accusative dual)
अरुणा1 (accusative dual)
अरुणान् (accusative plural)
अरुणेन (instrumental singular)
अरुणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अरुणैः (instrumental plural)
अरुणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अरुणाय (dative singular)
अरुणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अरुणेभ्यः (dative plural)
अरुणात् (ablative singular)
अरुणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अरुणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अरुणस्य (genitive singular)
अरुणयोः (dual genitive)
अरुणानाम् (genitive plural)
अरुणे (locative singular)
अरुणयोः (dual locative)
अरुणेषु (locative plural)

Malayalam: അരുൺ (aruṇ), അരുണൻ (aruṇaṉ)

→ Old Javanese: aruṇa

Telugu: అరుణము (aruṇamu)

Telugu: అరుణ (aruṇa)

Bengali: অরুণ (orun)

Thai: อรุณ (à-run)

(pathology) a kind of leprosy, with red spots and insensibility of the skin


जम्बुल

unk

unknown

a kind of disease of the outer ear (Suśr. i, 16, 25, and 35)


कुष्ठ

kúṣṭha (romanization)
कुष्ठः (nominative singular)
कुष्ठौ (dual nominative)
कुष्ठा1 (dual nominative)
कुष्ठाः (nominative plural)
कुष्ठासः1 (nominative plural)
कुष्ठ (singular vocative)
कुष्ठौ (dual vocative)
कुष्ठा1 (dual vocative)
कुष्ठाः (plural vocative)
कुष्ठासः1 (plural vocative)
कुष्ठम् (accusative singular)
कुष्ठौ (accusative dual)
कुष्ठा1 (accusative dual)
कुष्ठान् (accusative plural)
कुष्ठेन (instrumental singular)
कुष्ठाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कुष्ठैः (instrumental plural)
कुष्ठेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कुष्ठाय (dative singular)
कुष्ठाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कुष्ठेभ्यः (dative plural)
कुष्ठात् (ablative singular)
कुष्ठाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कुष्ठेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कुष्ठस्य (genitive singular)
कुष्ठयोः (dual genitive)
कुष्ठानाम् (genitive plural)
कुष्ठे (locative singular)
कुष्ठयोः (dual locative)
कुष्ठेषु (locative plural)
कुष्ठम् (nominative singular)
कुष्ठे (dual nominative)
कुष्ठानि (nominative plural)
कुष्ठा1 (nominative plural)
कुष्ठ (singular vocative)
कुष्ठे (dual vocative)
कुष्ठानि (plural vocative)
कुष्ठा1 (plural vocative)
कुष्ठम् (accusative singular)
कुष्ठे (accusative dual)
कुष्ठानि (accusative plural)
कुष्ठा1 (accusative plural)
कुष्ठेन (instrumental singular)
कुष्ठाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कुष्ठैः (instrumental plural)
कुष्ठेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कुष्ठाय (dative singular)
कुष्ठाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कुष्ठेभ्यः (dative plural)
कुष्ठात् (ablative singular)
कुष्ठाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कुष्ठेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कुष्ठस्य (genitive singular)
कुष्ठयोः (dual genitive)
कुष्ठानाम् (genitive plural)
कुष्ठे (locative singular)
कुष्ठयोः (dual locative)
कुष्ठेषु (locative plural)

→ Middle Armenian: քուշտ (kʻušt)

Pali: kuṭṭha, koṭṭha

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀓𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞 (kuṭṭha)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞 (kuṭṭha)

Hindi: कुट (kuṭ)

desc

→ Ancient Greek: κόστος (kóstos), κόστον (kóston)

desctree

→ Arabic: قُسْط (qusṭ)
→ Middle Armenian: ղուստ (ġust), խուստ (xust), կոստ (kost), կօստ (kōst)
→ Coptic: ⲕⲟⲩⲥ̅ⲧ (kous̅t)

desc

→ Ge'ez: ቈስጥ (ḳʷäsṭ), ቈስጤ (ḳʷäsṭe), ቍስጥ (ḳʷəsṭ), ቁስጥ (ḳusṭ)

→ Classical Syriac: ܩܘܫܬܐ (qōštā)

→ Latin: costus, costum

→ Czech: kost

⇒ German: Kostwurz

→ Russian: кост (kost)

→ Tamil: கோஷ்டம் (kōṣṭam)

→ Tamil: கோஷ்டம் (kōṣṭam)

→ Tocharian B: kuṣṭa (learned)

Monier claims कु- (ku-) + स्थ (stha).
Perhaps related to कुठिक (kuṭhika).

तक्मन् तक्मन्#Sanskrit

crepe ginger; Hellenia speciosa (syn. Costus speciosus), traditionally used to cure तक्मन् (takman, “a skin disease”)


कुष्ठ

kuṣṭha (romanization)
कुष्ठम् (nominative singular)
कुष्ठे (dual nominative)
कुष्ठानि (nominative plural)
कुष्ठा1 (nominative plural)
कुष्ठ (singular vocative)
कुष्ठे (dual vocative)
कुष्ठानि (plural vocative)
कुष्ठा1 (plural vocative)
कुष्ठम् (accusative singular)
कुष्ठे (accusative dual)
कुष्ठानि (accusative plural)
कुष्ठा1 (accusative plural)
कुष्ठेन (instrumental singular)
कुष्ठाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कुष्ठैः (instrumental plural)
कुष्ठेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कुष्ठाय (dative singular)
कुष्ठाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कुष्ठेभ्यः (dative plural)
कुष्ठात् (ablative singular)
कुष्ठाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कुष्ठेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कुष्ठस्य (genitive singular)
कुष्ठयोः (dual genitive)
कुष्ठानाम् (genitive plural)
कुष्ठे (locative singular)
कुष्ठयोः (dual locative)
कुष्ठेषु (locative plural)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀞 (koṭṭha)

Gujarati: કોઢ (koḍh)

Hindi: कोढ़ (koṛh)

Prakrit: 𑀓𑁄𑀠 (koḍha)

Old Punjabi: ਕੋੜ੍ਹੁ (koṛhu)

→ Indonesian: kusta (learned)

→ Magahi: 𑂍𑂷𑂀𑂜 (kõṛh)

→ Malayalam: കുഷ്ഠം (kuṣṭhaṁ)

→ Tocharian B: kuṣṭh (learned)


बस्तिकोप

(pathology) cystitis ― inflammation of the urinary bladder


यक्ष्म

yákṣma (romanization)
यक्ष्मः (nominative singular)
यक्ष्मौ (dual nominative)
यक्ष्मा1 (dual nominative)
यक्ष्माः (nominative plural)
यक्ष्मासः1 (nominative plural)
यक्ष्म (singular vocative)
यक्ष्मौ (dual vocative)
यक्ष्मा1 (dual vocative)
यक्ष्माः (plural vocative)
यक्ष्मासः1 (plural vocative)
यक्ष्मम् (accusative singular)
यक्ष्मौ (accusative dual)
यक्ष्मा1 (accusative dual)
यक्ष्मान् (accusative plural)
यक्ष्मेण (instrumental singular)
यक्ष्माभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यक्ष्मैः (instrumental plural)
यक्ष्मेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
यक्ष्माय (dative singular)
यक्ष्माभ्याम् (dative dual)
यक्ष्मेभ्यः (dative plural)
यक्ष्मात् (ablative singular)
यक्ष्माभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यक्ष्मेभ्यः (ablative plural)
यक्ष्मस्य (genitive singular)
यक्ष्मयोः (dual genitive)
यक्ष्माणाम् (genitive plural)
यक्ष्मे (locative singular)
यक्ष्मयोः (dual locative)
यक्ष्मेषु (locative plural)

Connected with the root यक्ष् (yakṣ, “to appear”), referring to the phenomenon of signs and symptoms appearing on the onset of illnesses and diseases. This semantic development probably happened in Proto-Indo-Iranian; compare Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬯𐬐𐬀 (yaska, “illness”), which underwent metathesis due to taboo distortion. The Proto-Indo-Iranian term is *yakš ~ *yask.

यक्ष्मं मतस्नाभ्यां यक्नः प्लाशिभ्यो वि वृहामि ते ॥

From kidneys, liver, and from the spleen, I drive thy malady away.

yakṣmaṃ matasnābhyāṃ yaknaḥ plāśibhyo vi vṛhāmi te.

illness, disease, sickness
pulmonary disease; tuberculosis


गलगण्ड

galagaṇḍa (romanization)
गलगण्डः (nominative singular)
गलगण्डौ (dual nominative)
गलगण्डाः (nominative plural)
गलगण्ड (singular vocative)
गलगण्डौ (dual vocative)
गलगण्डाः (plural vocative)
गलगण्डम् (accusative singular)
गलगण्डौ (accusative dual)
गलगण्डान् (accusative plural)
गलगण्डेन (instrumental singular)
गलगण्डाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गलगण्डैः (instrumental plural)
गलगण्डाय (dative singular)
गलगण्डाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गलगण्डेभ्यः (dative plural)
गलगण्डात् (ablative singular)
गलगण्डाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गलगण्डेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गलगण्डस्य (genitive singular)
गलगण्डयोः (dual genitive)
गलगण्डानाम् (genitive plural)
गलगण्डे (locative singular)
गलगण्डयोः (dual locative)
गलगण्डेषु (locative plural)

/ɡɐ.l̪ɐˈɡɐɳ.ɖɐ/

Tatpuruṣa compound of गल (gala, “throat”) + गण्ड (gaṇḍa, “goitre”).

com

यस्य श्लेष्मा प्रकुपितो गलबाह्येऽवतिष्ठते ।शनैः संजनयेच्छोफं गलगण्डोऽस्य जायते ॥

c. 600 BCE – 200 BCE, Caraka, Caraka Saṃhitā 1.18.21

When the provoked phlegm in the body gets localised outside the throat, it produces chronic swelling there and causes goitre.

yasya śleṣmā prakupito galabāhyeʼvatiṣṭhate.śanaiḥ saṃjanayecchophaṃ galagaṇḍoʼsya jāyate.

निबद्धः श्वयथुर्यस्य मुष्कवल्लम्बते गले । महान् वा यदि वा ह्रस्वो गलगण्डं तमादिशेत् ॥

c. 600 BCE – 600 CE, Suśruta, Suśruta Saṃhitā 2.11.29

A pendant swelling, whether large or small, occurring in the throat region and resembling the scrotum in shape is called goitre.

nibaddhaḥ śvayathuryasya muṣkavallambate gale. mahān vā yadi vā hrasvo galagaṇḍaṃ tamādiśet.


उदावर्त

→ Tocharian B: udāvart

Related to Sanskrit उदावर्ता (udāvartā). .