कमल

kamalá (romanization)
कमलः (nominative singular)
कमलौ (dual nominative)
कमला1 (dual nominative)
कमलाः (nominative plural)
कमलासः1 (nominative plural)
कमल (singular vocative)
कमलौ (dual vocative)
कमला1 (dual vocative)
कमलाः (plural vocative)
कमलासः1 (plural vocative)
कमलम् (accusative singular)
कमलौ (accusative dual)
कमला1 (accusative dual)
कमलान् (accusative plural)
कमलेन (instrumental singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कमलैः (instrumental plural)
कमलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कमलाय (dative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कमलेभ्यः (dative plural)
कमलात् (ablative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कमलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कमलस्य (genitive singular)
कमलयोः (dual genitive)
कमलानाम् (genitive plural)
कमले (locative singular)
कमलयोः (dual locative)
कमलेषु (locative plural)
कमला (nominative singular)
कमले (dual nominative)
कमलाः (nominative plural)
कमले (singular vocative)
कमले (dual vocative)
कमलाः (plural vocative)
कमलाम् (accusative singular)
कमले (accusative dual)
कमलाः (accusative plural)
कमलया (instrumental singular)
कमला1 (instrumental singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कमलाभिः (instrumental plural)
कमलायै (dative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कमलाभ्यः (dative plural)
कमलायाः (ablative singular)
कमलायै2 (ablative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कमलाभ्यः (ablative plural)
कमलायाः (genitive singular)
कमलायै2 (genitive singular)
कमलयोः (dual genitive)
कमलानाम् (genitive plural)
कमलायाम् (locative singular)
कमलयोः (dual locative)
कमलासु (locative plural)
कमलम् (nominative singular)
कमले (dual nominative)
कमलानि (nominative plural)
कमला1 (nominative plural)
कमल (singular vocative)
कमले (dual vocative)
कमलानि (plural vocative)
कमला1 (plural vocative)
कमलम् (accusative singular)
कमले (accusative dual)
कमलानि (accusative plural)
कमला1 (accusative plural)
कमलेन (instrumental singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कमलैः (instrumental plural)
कमलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कमलाय (dative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कमलेभ्यः (dative plural)
कमलात् (ablative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कमलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कमलस्य (genitive singular)
कमलयोः (dual genitive)
कमलानाम् (genitive plural)
कमले (locative singular)
कमलयोः (dual locative)
कमलेषु (locative plural)

Uncertain. Maybe derived from the noun sense “lotus”, but Mayrhofer considers this to be unlikely.


संधि

saṃdhí (romanization)
संधिः (nominative singular)
संधी (dual nominative)
संधयः (nominative plural)
संधे (singular vocative)
संधी (dual vocative)
संधयः (plural vocative)
संधिम् (accusative singular)
संधी (accusative dual)
संधीन् (accusative plural)
संधिना (instrumental singular)
संधिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संधिभिः (instrumental plural)
संधये (dative singular)
संधिभ्याम् (dative dual)
संधिभ्यः (dative plural)
संधेः (ablative singular)
संधिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संधिभ्यः (ablative plural)
संधेः (genitive singular)
संध्योः (dual genitive)
संधीनाम् (genitive plural)
संधौ (locative singular)
संध्योः (dual locative)
संधिषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine i-stem declension of संधि

→ English: sandhi

→ Marathi: संधी (sandhī)

→ Tamil: சந்தி (canti)


कृष्ण

head

कृष्ण • (kṛṣṇa) m

kṛṣṇa (romanization)
कृष्णः (nominative singular)
कृष्णौ (dual nominative)
कृष्णा1 (dual nominative)
कृष्णाः (nominative plural)
कृष्णासः1 (nominative plural)
कृष्ण (singular vocative)
कृष्णौ (dual vocative)
कृष्णा1 (dual vocative)
कृष्णाः (plural vocative)
कृष्णासः1 (plural vocative)
कृष्णम् (accusative singular)
कृष्णौ (accusative dual)
कृष्णा1 (accusative dual)
कृष्णान् (accusative plural)
कृष्णेन (instrumental singular)
कृष्णाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कृष्णैः (instrumental plural)
कृष्णेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कृष्णाय (dative singular)
कृष्णाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कृष्णेभ्यः (dative plural)
कृष्णात् (ablative singular)
कृष्णाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कृष्णेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कृष्णस्य (genitive singular)
कृष्णयोः (dual genitive)
कृष्णानाम् (genitive plural)
कृष्णे (locative singular)
कृष्णयोः (dual locative)
कृष्णेषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀳 (kaṇha), 𑀓𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀳 (kiṇha)

Assamese: কানু (kanu), কানাই (kanai)

Awadhi: कंधैया (kandhaiyā)

Bengali: কান (kano), কানাই (kanai)

Bhojpuri: 𑂍𑂰𑂢𑂹𑂯𑂰 (kānhā)

Gujarati: કાનો (kāno)

Hindi: कान्ह (kānha), कान्हा (kānhā)

⇒ Hindi: कन्हैया (kanhaiyā)

Maithili: 𑒏𑒰𑒢𑓂𑒯 (kānha)

Marathi: कान्हू (kānhū)

Odia: କାନ୍ହ (kānha)

Punjabi: ਕਾਨ੍ਹ੍ (kānh)

Sindhi: 𑊺𑋠𑋑𑋧 (kāno)

Sylheti: ꠇꠣꠘꠣꠁ (xanai)

→ Bengali: কেষ্ট (keśṭo) (semi-learned)

→ Bengali: কৃষ্ণ (kriśno) (learned)

→ English: Krishna

→ Gujarati: કૃષ્ણ (kŕṣṇ)

desc

→ Hindi: किषन (kiṣan), किशन (kiśan) (semi-learned)

→ Hindi: कृष्ण (kŕṣṇa), कृष्णा (kŕṣṇā) (learned)

→ Kannada: ಕೃಷ್ಣ (kṛṣṇa)

→ Odia: କୃଷ୍ଣ (krushṇa)

→ Malayalam: കൃഷ്ണ (kr̥ṣṇa)

→ Tamil: கிருஷ்ணா (kiruṣṇā), கண்ணன் (kaṇṇaṉ) (via Prakrit)

→ Telugu: కృష్ణ (kr̥ṣṇa), కృష్ణుడు (kr̥ṣṇuḍu)

→ Sinhalese: කෘෂ්ණ (kr̥ṣṇa)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥šnás (“black”), from Proto-Indo-European *kr̥snós (“black”).
Cognate with Proto-Slavic *čьrnъ (whence Old Church Slavonic чрънъ (črŭnŭ, “black”) (Glagolitic spelling ⱍⱃⱏⱀⱏ (črŭnŭ)), Russian чёрный (čórnyj), Bulgarian черен (čeren), Macedonian црн (crn), Czech černý, Polish czarny, Slovak čierny), Old Prussian kirsnan (“black”), Lithuanian kir̃snas.

cog

Krishna, name of a celebrated Avatar of the god Vishnu


कृष्ण

sa-noun

कृष्ण • (kṛ́ṣṇa or kṛṣṇá) stem, m

kṛ́ṣṇa (romanization)
kṛṣṇá (romanization)
कृष्णः (nominative singular)
कृष्णौ (dual nominative)
कृष्णा1 (dual nominative)
कृष्णाः (nominative plural)
कृष्णासः1 (nominative plural)
कृष्ण (singular vocative)
कृष्णौ (dual vocative)
कृष्णा1 (dual vocative)
कृष्णाः (plural vocative)
कृष्णासः1 (plural vocative)
कृष्णम् (accusative singular)
कृष्णौ (accusative dual)
कृष्णा1 (accusative dual)
कृष्णान् (accusative plural)
कृष्णेन (instrumental singular)
कृष्णाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कृष्णैः (instrumental plural)
कृष्णेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कृष्णाय (dative singular)
कृष्णाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कृष्णेभ्यः (dative plural)
कृष्णात् (ablative singular)
कृष्णाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कृष्णेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कृष्णस्य (genitive singular)
कृष्णयोः (dual genitive)
कृष्णानाम् (genitive plural)
कृष्णे (locative singular)
कृष्णयोः (dual locative)
कृष्णेषु (locative plural)
कृष्णः (nominative singular)
कृष्णौ (dual nominative)
कृष्णा1 (dual nominative)
कृष्णाः (nominative plural)
कृष्णासः1 (nominative plural)
कृष्ण (singular vocative)
कृष्णौ (dual vocative)
कृष्णा1 (dual vocative)
कृष्णाः (plural vocative)
कृष्णासः1 (plural vocative)
कृष्णम् (accusative singular)
कृष्णौ (accusative dual)
कृष्णा1 (accusative dual)
कृष्णान् (accusative plural)
कृष्णेन (instrumental singular)
कृष्णाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कृष्णैः (instrumental plural)
कृष्णेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कृष्णाय (dative singular)
कृष्णाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कृष्णेभ्यः (dative plural)
कृष्णात् (ablative singular)
कृष्णाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कृष्णेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कृष्णस्य (genitive singular)
कृष्णयोः (dual genitive)
कृष्णानाम् (genitive plural)
कृष्णे (locative singular)
कृष्णयोः (dual locative)
कृष्णेषु (locative plural)

waning period of the lunar phase from full moon to new moon


श्वेत

head

श्वेत • (śvetá)

śvetá (romanization)
श्वेतः (nominative singular)
श्वेतौ (dual nominative)
श्वेता1 (dual nominative)
श्वेताः (nominative plural)
श्वेतासः1 (nominative plural)
श्वेत (singular vocative)
श्वेतौ (dual vocative)
श्वेता1 (dual vocative)
श्वेताः (plural vocative)
श्वेतासः1 (plural vocative)
श्वेतम् (accusative singular)
श्वेतौ (accusative dual)
श्वेता1 (accusative dual)
श्वेतान् (accusative plural)
श्वेतेन (instrumental singular)
श्वेताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्वेतैः (instrumental plural)
श्वेतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
श्वेताय (dative singular)
श्वेताभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्वेतेभ्यः (dative plural)
श्वेतात् (ablative singular)
श्वेताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्वेतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्वेतस्य (genitive singular)
श्वेतयोः (dual genitive)
श्वेतानाम् (genitive plural)
श्वेते (locative singular)
श्वेतयोः (dual locative)
श्वेतेषु (locative plural)
श्वेता (nominative singular)
श्वेते (dual nominative)
श्वेताः (nominative plural)
श्वेते (singular vocative)
श्वेते (dual vocative)
श्वेताः (plural vocative)
श्वेताम् (accusative singular)
श्वेते (accusative dual)
श्वेताः (accusative plural)
श्वेतया (instrumental singular)
श्वेता1 (instrumental singular)
श्वेताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्वेताभिः (instrumental plural)
श्वेतायै (dative singular)
श्वेताभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्वेताभ्यः (dative plural)
श्वेतायाः (ablative singular)
श्वेतायै2 (ablative singular)
श्वेताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्वेताभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्वेतायाः (genitive singular)
श्वेतायै2 (genitive singular)
श्वेतयोः (dual genitive)
श्वेतानाम् (genitive plural)
श्वेतायाम् (locative singular)
श्वेतयोः (dual locative)
श्वेतासु (locative plural)
श्वेतम् (nominative singular)
श्वेते (dual nominative)
श्वेतानि (nominative plural)
श्वेता1 (nominative plural)
श्वेत (singular vocative)
श्वेते (dual vocative)
श्वेतानि (plural vocative)
श्वेता1 (plural vocative)
श्वेतम् (accusative singular)
श्वेते (accusative dual)
श्वेतानि (accusative plural)
श्वेता1 (accusative plural)
श्वेतेन (instrumental singular)
श्वेताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्वेतैः (instrumental plural)
श्वेतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
श्वेताय (dative singular)
श्वेताभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्वेतेभ्यः (dative plural)
श्वेतात् (ablative singular)
श्वेताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्वेतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्वेतस्य (genitive singular)
श्वेतयोः (dual genitive)
श्वेतानाम् (genitive plural)
श्वेते (locative singular)
श्वेतयोः (dual locative)
श्वेतेषु (locative plural)

Bengali: শ্বেত (śśet)

Dardic:

Khowar: اِشپیرو (išpéru)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑁂𑀅 (sea)

desctree

Pali: seta
→ Old Javanese: sita
Javanese: ꦱꦺꦠ (séta)

→ Gujarati: શ્વેત (śvet)

desc

→ Hindi: श्वेत (śvet), स्वेत (svet) — colloquial

→ Kannada: ಶ್ವೇತ (śvēta)

→ Malayalam: ശ്വേതം (śvētaṁ)

→ Old Javanese: śweta

→ Punjabi: ਚਿੱਟਾ (ciṭṭā)

→ Tamil: சுவேதம் (cuvētam)

→ Telugu: శ్వేతము (śvētamu)

→ Thai: เศวต (swèet)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwaytás
Sanskrit श्वेत (śveta)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwaytás (“white”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt-ó-s, from *ḱweyt- (“bright; shine”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (spaēta), Persian سفید (safêd), Old Church Slavonic свѣтъ (světŭ), Russian свет (svet), Old English hwīt (whence English white). Related to Sanskrit श्वित्र (śvitrá).

etymon

शतं श्वेतास उक्षणो दिवि तारो न रोचन्ते ।

One hundred white bulls shine like the stars in the sky.

śataṃ śvetāsa ukṣaṇo divi tāro na rocante.


दिव्

head

दिव् • (div)

sa-root

दिव् • (div)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *diHw- ~ *dyuH- (“to endeavour”), see further दीव् (dīv).


दिव्

head

दिव् • (div)

sa-root

दिव् • (div)


अभ्र

abhrá (romanization)
अभ्रम् (nominative singular)
अभ्रे (dual nominative)
अभ्राणि (nominative plural)
अभ्रा1 (nominative plural)
अभ्र (singular vocative)
अभ्रे (dual vocative)
अभ्राणि (plural vocative)
अभ्रा1 (plural vocative)
अभ्रम् (accusative singular)
अभ्रे (accusative dual)
अभ्राणि (accusative plural)
अभ्रा1 (accusative plural)
अभ्रेण (instrumental singular)
अभ्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अभ्रैः (instrumental plural)
अभ्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अभ्राय (dative singular)
अभ्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
अभ्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
अभ्रात् (ablative singular)
अभ्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अभ्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अभ्रस्य (genitive singular)
अभ्रयोः (dual genitive)
अभ्राणाम् (genitive plural)
अभ्रे (locative singular)
अभ्रयोः (dual locative)
अभ्रेषु (locative plural)
अभ्रः (nominative singular)
अभ्रौ (dual nominative)
अभ्रा1 (dual nominative)
अभ्राः (nominative plural)
अभ्रासः1 (nominative plural)
अभ्र (singular vocative)
अभ्रौ (dual vocative)
अभ्रा1 (dual vocative)
अभ्राः (plural vocative)
अभ्रासः1 (plural vocative)
अभ्रम् (accusative singular)
अभ्रौ (accusative dual)
अभ्रा1 (accusative dual)
अभ्रान् (accusative plural)
अभ्रेण (instrumental singular)
अभ्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अभ्रैः (instrumental plural)
अभ्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अभ्राय (dative singular)
अभ्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
अभ्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
अभ्रात् (ablative singular)
अभ्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अभ्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अभ्रस्य (genitive singular)
अभ्रयोः (dual genitive)
अभ्राणाम् (genitive plural)
अभ्रे (locative singular)
अभ्रयोः (dual locative)
अभ्रेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri:

Arabic script: اوٚبُر (obur)

Devanagari script: ऒबुर (obur)

Pali: abbha, ambu, ambha

Prakrit: 𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪 (abbha)

Gujarati: આભ (ābha)

Hindi: आभ (ābh)

Marwari: आभौ (ābhau)

→ Bengali: অভ্র (obhro) (learned)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *abʰrás (“cloud”), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥bʰrós. Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬡𐬭𐬀 (aβra), Persian ابر (abr), Latin imber and Ancient Greek ἀφρός (aphrós).


देह

déha (romanization)
देहः (nominative singular)
देहौ (dual nominative)
देहा1 (dual nominative)
देहाः (nominative plural)
देहासः1 (nominative plural)
देह (singular vocative)
देहौ (dual vocative)
देहा1 (dual vocative)
देहाः (plural vocative)
देहासः1 (plural vocative)
देहम् (accusative singular)
देहौ (accusative dual)
देहा1 (accusative dual)
देहान् (accusative plural)
देहेन (instrumental singular)
देहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
देहैः (instrumental plural)
देहेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
देहाय (dative singular)
देहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
देहेभ्यः (dative plural)
देहात् (ablative singular)
देहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
देहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
देहस्य (genitive singular)
देहयोः (dual genitive)
देहानाम् (genitive plural)
देहे (locative singular)
देहयोः (dual locative)
देहेषु (locative plural)
देहम् (nominative singular)
देहे (dual nominative)
देहानि (nominative plural)
देहा1 (nominative plural)
देह (singular vocative)
देहे (dual vocative)
देहानि (plural vocative)
देहा1 (plural vocative)
देहम् (accusative singular)
देहे (accusative dual)
देहानि (accusative plural)
देहा1 (accusative plural)
देहेन (instrumental singular)
देहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
देहैः (instrumental plural)
देहेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
देहाय (dative singular)
देहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
देहेभ्यः (dative plural)
देहात् (ablative singular)
देहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
देहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
देहस्य (genitive singular)
देहयोः (dual genitive)
देहानाम् (genitive plural)
देहे (locative singular)
देहयोः (dual locative)
देहेषु (locative plural)

→ Assamese: দেহা (deha) (semi-learned)

→ Bengali: দেহ (deho)

→ Hindi: देह (deh)

→ Kannada: ದೇಹ (dēha)

→ Malayalam: ദേഹം (dēhaṁ)

→ Marathi: देह (deh)

→ Sinhalese: දේහය (dēhaya)

→ Tamil: தேகம் (tēkam)

→ Telugu: దేహము (dēhamu)

→ Urdu: دیہ (deh)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *dáyźʰas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰáyȷ́ʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéyǵʰ-o-s, from *dʰeyǵʰ- (“to mold, to knead”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬰𐬀 (daēza), Ancient Greek τεῖχος (teîkhos), English dough, Latin fingō (whence English figure, fiction etc).


मस्तिष्क

desc

→ Bengali: মস্তিষ্ক (mostiśko) (learned)

→ Malayalam: മസ്തിഷ്കം (mastiṣkaṁ)

→ Hindi: मस्तिष्क (mastiṣk)

→ Telugu: మస్తిష్కం (mastiṣkaṁ)


शरीर

śarīra (romanization)
शरीरम् (nominative singular)
शरीरे (dual nominative)
शरीराणि (nominative plural)
शरीरा1 (nominative plural)
शरीर (singular vocative)
शरीरे (dual vocative)
शरीराणि (plural vocative)
शरीरा1 (plural vocative)
शरीरम् (accusative singular)
शरीरे (accusative dual)
शरीराणि (accusative plural)
शरीरा1 (accusative plural)
शरीरेण (instrumental singular)
शरीराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शरीरैः (instrumental plural)
शरीरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शरीराय (dative singular)
शरीराभ्याम् (dative dual)
शरीरेभ्यः (dative plural)
शरीरात् (ablative singular)
शरीराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शरीरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शरीरस्य (genitive singular)
शरीरयोः (dual genitive)
शरीराणाम् (genitive plural)
शरीरे (locative singular)
शरीरयोः (dual locative)
शरीरेषु (locative plural)

→ Kannada: ಶರೀರ (śarīra)

Pali: sarīra

→ Burmese: သရီရ (sa.rira.)

→ Bengali: শরীর (śorir)

→ Chinese: 舍利 (shèlì, shělì)

→ Japanese: 舎利 (shari)

→ English: śarīra

→ Gujarati: શરીર (śarīr)

→ Hindi: शरीर (śarīr)

→ Javanese: slira

→ Marathi: शरीर (śarīr)

→ Nepali: शरीर (śarīra)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: śarīra
Javanese: ꦱꦫꦶꦫ (sarira)
→ Indonesian: sarira
→ Balinese: ᬰᬭᬷᬭ (sarira), ᬰ᭄ᬭᬷᬭ (srira)

→ Punjabi: ਸਰੀਰ (sarīr)

→ Sinhalese: ශරීරය (śarīraya)

→ Telugu: శరీరము (śarīramu)

→ Tamil: சரீரம் (carīram)

Probably derived from शॄ (śṝ, “to crush, rend; to be worn out”).


दण्ड

daṇḍá (romanization)
दण्डः (nominative singular)
दण्डौ (dual nominative)
दण्डा1 (dual nominative)
दण्डाः (nominative plural)
दण्डासः1 (nominative plural)
दण्ड (singular vocative)
दण्डौ (dual vocative)
दण्डा1 (dual vocative)
दण्डाः (plural vocative)
दण्डासः1 (plural vocative)
दण्डम् (accusative singular)
दण्डौ (accusative dual)
दण्डा1 (accusative dual)
दण्डान् (accusative plural)
दण्डेन (instrumental singular)
दण्डाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दण्डैः (instrumental plural)
दण्डेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दण्डाय (dative singular)
दण्डाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दण्डेभ्यः (dative plural)
दण्डात् (ablative singular)
दण्डाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दण्डेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दण्डस्य (genitive singular)
दण्डयोः (dual genitive)
दण्डानाम् (genitive plural)
दण्डे (locative singular)
दण्डयोः (dual locative)
दण्डेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

desc

Gawar-Bati: ڈݨڈ (ḍaṇḍ), ڈوݨڈیک (dōṇḍī́k), ڈیݨڈی (ḍḗṇḍī)

Kashmiri: دَن (dan), دۆنُ (donu), ڈَنڈُ (ḍanḍu)

Shina: دوݨ (do̯ṇŭ), ڈونی (ḍṓnī)

Shumashti: dä̃ṛä

Torwali: دن (dan)

Wotapuri-Katarqalai: ḍōn

→ Proto-Nuristani:

Ashkun: dōṇ

Kamkata-viri: duṇ, ḍun, ḍen

Prasuni: ḍuṇḍu, ḍuṇḍū́

Waigali: dūṇ, ḍūṇíṅ, deṇḍī́

Pali: daṇḍa, daṇḍaka

Prakrit: 𑀤𑀀𑀟 (dam̐ḍa), 𑀟𑀀𑀟𑀟𑀀𑀟𑀬 (ḍam̐ḍaḍam̐ḍaya)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Awadhi: डाँड़ (ḍā̃ṛ), डाँड़ु (ḍā̃ṛu), डाँड़ा (ḍā̃ṛā)

Gujarati: દાઁડો (dām̐ḍo), ડાઁડો (ḍām̐ḍo), દાઁડી (dām̐ḍī), ડાઁડી (ḍām̐ḍī)

Hindustani: dā̃ḍ, ḍā̃ḍ, ḍā̃ṛ, daṇḍā, ḍaṇḍā, ḍā̃ḍā, ḍā̃ṛā, ḍaṇḍī, ḍā̃ḍī

Hindi: दाँड, डाँड, डाँड़, दंडा, डंडा, डाँडा, डाँड़ा, डंडी, डाँडी

Urdu: دَاںڈ (dā̃ḍ), ڈَاںڈ (ḍā̃ḍ), ڈَاںڑ (ḍā̃ṛ), دَنڈَا, ڈَنڈَا, ڈَاںڈَا (ḍā̃ḍā), ڈَاںڑَا (ḍā̃ṛā), ڈَنڈِی (ḍanḍī), ڈَاںڈِی (ḍā̃ḍī)

Romani: ran

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: ডাঁৰ (dãr), ডাঁৰা (dãra), ডাঁৰি (dãri), ডঁৰ (dõr)

Bengali: ডান্ডা (ḍanḍa), দাঁড় (dãṛ), দাঁড়ি (dãṛi), ডাঁড় (ḍãṛ), ডাঁড়ি (ḍãṛi)

Bihari: डाँड़ (ḍā̃ṛ)

Bihari: डाँड़ (ḍā̃ṛ)

Bhojpuri: डाँड़ (ḍā̃ṛ)

Maithili: डाँड़ (ḍā̃ṛ), डाँड़ि (ḍā̃ṛɨ), डाँड़ब (ḍā̃ṛab)

Odia: ଡାଣ୍ଡ (ḍāṇḍa), ଡାଁଡ଼ (ḍā̃ṛa), ଦାଣ୍ଡି (dāṇḍi), ଦଣ୍ଡା (daṇḍā), ଦଣ୍ଡି (daṇḍi)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Garhwali: डाँड (ḍā̃ḍ)

Kumaoni: दान (dān), डान (ḍān), डाँड़ (ḍā̃ṛ), डानो (ḍāno), डानी (ḍānī), डाण (ḍāṇ)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: डाँण (ḍā̃ṇ), डाँणो (ḍā̃ṇo), डाँणि (ḍā̃ṇi)

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: डन्न (ḍann), डन्नो (ḍanno), डन्नी (ḍannī)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ދަނޑި (daⁿḍi)

Sinhalese: දණ්ඩ (daṇḍa)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: dāṇḍāro

Devanagari script: दांडारो (dāṇḍāro)

Latin script: dannddarô

Kannada script: ದಾಂಡಾರೊ

Marathi: दाँड (dŏṇḍa), दाँड (dŏṇḍa)

Western:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: dann, ḍann, ḍannā, ḍannī

Gurmukhi script: ਦੰਨ, ਡੰਨ, ਡੰਨਾ, ਡੰਨੀ

Shahmukhi script: دَنّ, ڈَنّ, ڈَنَّا, ڈَنِّی

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: ḍ̠anu, ḍ̠ano, ḍ̠anī, ḍ̠aṇḍu, ḍ̠aṇḍo

Arabic script: ڏَنُ, ڏَنو, ڏَنِي, ڏَڻڊُ, ڏَڻڊو

Devanagari script: ॾनु, ॾनो, ॾनी, ॾंडु, ॾंडो

→ Assamese: দণ্ড (dondo)

→ Bengali: দণ্ড (donḍo)

→ Burmese: ဒဏ် (dan)

→ Hindustani: daṇḍ

Hindi: दंड

Urdu: دَنڈ

→ Indonesian: denda

→ Khmer: ទណ្ឌ (tŏən)

→ Lao: ທັນ (than)

→ Malayalam: ദണ്ഡം (daṇḍaṁ)

→ Malay: denda

→ Pali: daṇḍa

→ Romani: rran

→ Sindhi: ڏَنڊُ, ड॒ण्डु

→ Sindhi: ڏَنڊُ, ड॒ण्डु

→ Tamil: தண்டம் (taṇṭam)

→ Telugu: దండము (daṇḍamu)

→ Thai: ทัณฑ์ (than)

→ Urdu:

Borrowed from substrate language. Kuiper argues for a loanword from Munda; compare Mundari ଦାଣ୍ଡି (dāṇḍi, “small stick”), Santali ᱫᱚᱬᱴᱚ (dôṇṭô, “thick stick, club”), ᱫᱚᱬᱴᱤᱴᱤᱛ (dôṇṭiṭit, “stem of mushrooms”), ᱫᱚᱬᱰᱤ (dôṇḍi, “stick, staff, stalk”). Likewise, Southworth suggests a Dravidian substratum, compare Malayalam തണ്ട് (taṇṭŭ, “stick, club”).
Alternatively, but less likely, a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”), whence दारु (dā́ru), and thus cognate with Ancient Greek δένδρον (déndron, “tree”), but both this and that Greek word are phonologically difficult to explain.


शिश्न

śiśná (romanization)
शिश्नः (nominative singular)
शिश्नौ (dual nominative)
शिश्ना1 (dual nominative)
शिश्नाः (nominative plural)
शिश्नासः1 (nominative plural)
शिश्न (singular vocative)
शिश्नौ (dual vocative)
शिश्ना1 (dual vocative)
शिश्नाः (plural vocative)
शिश्नासः1 (plural vocative)
शिश्नम् (accusative singular)
शिश्नौ (accusative dual)
शिश्ना1 (accusative dual)
शिश्नान् (accusative plural)
शिश्नेन (instrumental singular)
शिश्नाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शिश्नैः (instrumental plural)
शिश्नेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शिश्नाय (dative singular)
शिश्नाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शिश्नेभ्यः (dative plural)
शिश्नात् (ablative singular)
शिश्नाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शिश्नेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शिश्नस्य (genitive singular)
शिश्नयोः (dual genitive)
शिश्नानाम् (genitive plural)
शिश्ने (locative singular)
शिश्नयोः (dual locative)
शिश्नेषु (locative plural)
शिश्नम् (nominative singular)
शिश्ने (dual nominative)
शिश्नानि (nominative plural)
शिश्ना1 (nominative plural)
शिश्न (singular vocative)
शिश्ने (dual vocative)
शिश्नानि (plural vocative)
शिश्ना1 (plural vocative)
शिश्नम् (accusative singular)
शिश्ने (accusative dual)
शिश्नानि (accusative plural)
शिश्ना1 (accusative plural)
शिश्नेन (instrumental singular)
शिश्नाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शिश्नैः (instrumental plural)
शिश्नेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शिश्नाय (dative singular)
शिश्नाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शिश्नेभ्यः (dative plural)
शिश्नात् (ablative singular)
शिश्नाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शिश्नेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शिश्नस्य (genitive singular)
शिश्नयोः (dual genitive)
शिश्नानाम् (genitive plural)
शिश्ने (locative singular)
शिश्नयोः (dual locative)
शिश्नेषु (locative plural)

→ Bengali: শিশ্ন (śiśno)

→ Hindi: शिश्न (śiśna)

→ Gujarati: શિશ્ન (śiśna)

→ Kannada: ಶಿಶ್ನ (śiśna)

→ Telugu: శిశ్నము (śiśnamu)

→ Malayalam: ശിശ്നം (śiśnaṁ)

→ Urdu: ششن (śiśna)

Reduplication of the root श्नथ् (śnath, “to pierce”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćnatʰ- (“to strike, to pierce”). Related to Avestan 𐬯𐬥𐬀𐬚𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬌 (snaθəṇti, “to strike”).


स्तन

stána (romanization)
स्तनः (nominative singular)
स्तनौ (dual nominative)
स्तना1 (dual nominative)
स्तनाः (nominative plural)
स्तनासः1 (nominative plural)
स्तन (singular vocative)
स्तनौ (dual vocative)
स्तना1 (dual vocative)
स्तनाः (plural vocative)
स्तनासः1 (plural vocative)
स्तनम् (accusative singular)
स्तनौ (accusative dual)
स्तना1 (accusative dual)
स्तनान् (accusative plural)
स्तनेन (instrumental singular)
स्तनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्तनैः (instrumental plural)
स्तनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
स्तनाय (dative singular)
स्तनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्तनेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्तनात् (ablative singular)
स्तनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्तनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्तनस्य (genitive singular)
स्तनयोः (dual genitive)
स्तनानाम् (genitive plural)
स्तने (locative singular)
स्तनयोः (dual locative)
स्तनेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: تھَن (than)

Pali: thana, thanaka

Prakrit: 𑀣𑀡 (thaṇa)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀣𑀡 (thaṇa)

Awadhi: थन (than)

Hindustani: than

Hindi: थन

Urdu: تھَن (than)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Middle Bengali: থন (thon)

Bihari:

Maithili: थन (than)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Garhwali: थण (thaṇ)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: थन (than)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: thaṇ, than

Gurmukhi script: ਥਣ, ਥਨ

Shahmukhi script: تھَݨ, تھَن

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: thaṇu

Arabic script: ٿَڻُ

Devanagari script: थणु

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ތިނަ (tina)

Sinhalese: තනය (tanaya)

→ Hindustani: stan

Hindi: स्तन

Urdu: ستَن

→ Kannada: ಸ್ತನ (stana)

→ Marathi: स्तन (stan) (learned)

→ Telugu: స్తనము (stanamu)

/ˈs̪t̪ɐ.n̪ɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *(p)stánas, from Proto-Indo-European *pstón-o-s (“breast”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬟𐬱𐬙𐬁𐬥𐬀 (fštāna, “breast of a woman”) and Persian پستان (pestân, “breast”), Proto-Germanic *spenô (“nipple”), Ancient Greek στήνιον (stḗnion, “breast, chest”), Irish sine (“nipple”), Lithuanian spenys (“(animal) teats”) and Tocharian B päścane (“pair of breasts”).

the nipple (of the female or the male breast)


हृदय

hṛ́daya (romanization)
हृदयम् (nominative singular)
हृदये (dual nominative)
हृदयानि (nominative plural)
हृदया1 (nominative plural)
हृदय (singular vocative)
हृदये (dual vocative)
हृदयानि (plural vocative)
हृदया1 (plural vocative)
हृदयम् (accusative singular)
हृदये (accusative dual)
हृदयानि (accusative plural)
हृदया1 (accusative plural)
हृदयेन (instrumental singular)
हृदयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हृदयैः (instrumental plural)
हृदयेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
हृदयाय (dative singular)
हृदयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
हृदयेभ्यः (dative plural)
हृदयात् (ablative singular)
हृदयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हृदयेभ्यः (ablative plural)
हृदयस्य (genitive singular)
हृदययोः (dual genitive)
हृदयानाम् (genitive plural)
हृदये (locative singular)
हृदययोः (dual locative)
हृदयेषु (locative plural)

desc

Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀅𑀅 (hiaa), 𑀳𑀟𑀓 (haḍaka), 𑀳𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓 (haḍakka)

Assamese: হিয়া (hia)

Bengali: হিয়া (hiẏa)

Hindi: हिया (hiyā)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀳𑀮𑀅 (halaa)

Paisaci Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀢𑀅 (hitaa), 𑀳𑀺𑀢𑀧 (hitapa)

Gandhari: 𐨱𐨁𐨡𐨩 (hidaya)

→ Old Marathi: हृदा (hṛdā)

desctree

Pali: hadaya
→ Lao: ຫະໄທ (ha thai)
→ Thai: หทัย

Punjabi: ਹਿਰਦਾ (hirdā), ਹੀਆ (hīā)

Romani: ilo

→ Assamese: হৃদয় (hridoy)

→ Bengali: হৃদয় (hridoẏ)

→ Hindi: हृदय (hŕday)

→ Old Javanese: hṛdaya
> Javanese: ꦲꦽꦢꦪ (hredaya), ꦮꦂꦢꦪ (wardaya), ꦢꦪ (daya) (inherited)
→ Balinese: ᬳᬺᬤᬬ (hredaya)

→ Old Javanese: darya, daya

→ Marathi: हृदय (hŕday)

→ Tamil: இதயம் (itayam)

→ Telugu: హృదయము (hr̥dayamu)

→ Thai: หฤทัย (hà-rʉ́-tai)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱerd-
Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗrder.
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayam
Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayam, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥d-, oblique case stem of *ḱḗr (“heart”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛 (zərəd); Ancient Greek καρδίᾱ (kardíā) → English cardiac; Hittite 𒆠𒅕 (kir), Old Church Slavonic срьдьцє (srĭdĭce), Lithuanian širdìs; Latin cors, cord- → English cordial; Old English heorte (whence English heart).

etymon

यां पू॑षन्ब्रह्म॒चोद॑नी॒मारां॒ बिभ॑र्ष्याघृणे ।
तया॑ समस्य॒ हृद॑य॒मा रि॑ख किकि॒रा कृ॑णु ॥
yā́ṃ pūṣanbrahmacódanīmā́rāṃ bíbharṣyāghṛṇe.
táyā samasya hṛ́dayamā́ rikha kikirā́ kṛṇu.

Resplendent Pūṣan, with that food-propelling goad which you bear, abrade the heart of every miser, and render it relaxed.


गन्ध

gandhá (romanization)
गन्धः (nominative singular)
गन्धौ (dual nominative)
गन्धा1 (dual nominative)
गन्धाः (nominative plural)
गन्धासः1 (nominative plural)
गन्ध (singular vocative)
गन्धौ (dual vocative)
गन्धा1 (dual vocative)
गन्धाः (plural vocative)
गन्धासः1 (plural vocative)
गन्धम् (accusative singular)
गन्धौ (accusative dual)
गन्धा1 (accusative dual)
गन्धान् (accusative plural)
गन्धेन (instrumental singular)
गन्धाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गन्धैः (instrumental plural)
गन्धेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गन्धाय (dative singular)
गन्धाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गन्धेभ्यः (dative plural)
गन्धात् (ablative singular)
गन्धाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गन्धेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गन्धस्य (genitive singular)
गन्धयोः (dual genitive)
गन्धानाम् (genitive plural)
गन्धे (locative singular)
गन्धयोः (dual locative)
गन्धेषु (locative plural)

Pali: gandha

Prakrit: 𑀕𑀁𑀥 (gaṃdha), 𑀕𑀁𑀥𑀬 (gaṃdhaya)

Central:

tooltip

reshaped by analogy or addition of morpheme

⇒ Hindustani: gãdhānā

desc

Hindi: गंधाना

Hindi: गंधाना

Urdu: گندھانا

Urdu: گندھانا

Eastern:

Assamese: গান্ধ (gandho)

Bengali: গন্ধানো (gondhanō)

Northern:

Bhadrawahi: गन् (gan)

⇒ Nepali: गनाउनु (ganāunu)

Northwestern:

Punjabi: gandh

Gurmukhi script: ਗੰਧ

Shahmukhi script: گَن٘دھ

Southern:

Konkani: gā̃nda

Devanagari script: गांद

Latin script: gand

Devanagari script: गांद

Western:

⇒ Gujarati: ગંધાવું (gandhāvũ)

Romani: kandel, khandel

→ Indonesian: ganda

→ Lü: ᦅᧃᦒᦱ (kanthaa)

→ Hindustani: gandh

Hindi: गंध

Urdu: گندھ

→ Kannada: ಗಂಧ (gandha)

⇒ Malayalam: കെന്തുക (kentuka)

→ Marathi: गंध (gandha), गंधा (gandhā)

Punjabi: ਗੰਧ (gandh)

→ Tamil: கந்தம் (kantam)

→ Telugu: గంధము (gandhamu)

→ Tagalog: ganda

→ Thai: คันธะ (kan-tá)

/ˈɡɐn̪.d̪ʱɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *g(ʰ)andʰ- (“to smell”); further etymology unknown, and likely a borrowing, perhaps from the BMAC substrate. Alternative theories consider a relation to गध्य (gadhya, “to be seized or gained as booty”), citing a semantic parallel with सुरभि (surabhi, “sweet-smelling, fragrant”, literally “seizing pleasantly”) and its root रभ् (rabh, “to grasp”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬌 (gaⁱṇti, “stench”), 𐬛𐬎𐬲𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬌 (dužgaⁱṇti, “smelling badly”), Sogdian γnt (“stench”), Persian گنده (gande, “stench”), Northern Luri گںن (gən).


ललाट

lalā́ṭa (romanization)
ललाटम् (nominative singular)
ललाटे (dual nominative)
ललाटानि (nominative plural)
ललाटा1 (nominative plural)
ललाट (singular vocative)
ललाटे (dual vocative)
ललाटानि (plural vocative)
ललाटा1 (plural vocative)
ललाटम् (accusative singular)
ललाटे (accusative dual)
ललाटानि (accusative plural)
ललाटा1 (accusative plural)
ललाटेन (instrumental singular)
ललाटाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ललाटैः (instrumental plural)
ललाटेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ललाटाय (dative singular)
ललाटाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ललाटेभ्यः (dative plural)
ललाटात् (ablative singular)
ललाटाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ललाटेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ललाटस्य (genitive singular)
ललाटयोः (dual genitive)
ललाटानाम् (genitive plural)
ललाटे (locative singular)
ललाटयोः (dual locative)
ललाटेषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: ललाट (lalāṭ)

→ Telugu: లలాటము (lalāṭamu)

/lɐ.lɑ́ː.ʈɐ/

/l̪ɐˈl̪ɑː.ʈɐ/


गौर

कडारादि कडारादि

(in comp. or ifc. g. कडारादि) white, yellowish, reddish, pale red


गौर

desctree

→ Old Javanese: gora
> Javanese: ꦒꦺꦴꦫ (gora) (inherited)

पार्वती पार्वती

(Hinduism) ‘brilliant Goddess’, शिव's wife पार्वती


चर्मन्

cárman (romanization)
चर्म (nominative singular)
चर्मणी (dual nominative)
चर्माणि (nominative plural)
चर्म1 (nominative plural)
चर्मा1 (nominative plural)
चर्मन् (singular vocative)
चर्म (singular vocative)
चर्मणी (dual vocative)
चर्माणि (plural vocative)
चर्म1 (plural vocative)
चर्मा1 (plural vocative)
चर्म (accusative singular)
चर्मणी (accusative dual)
चर्माणि (accusative plural)
चर्म1 (accusative plural)
चर्मा1 (accusative plural)
चर्मणा (instrumental singular)
चर्मभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चर्मभिः (instrumental plural)
चर्मणे (dative singular)
चर्मभ्याम् (dative dual)
चर्मभ्यः (dative plural)
चर्मणः (ablative singular)
चर्मभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चर्मभ्यः (ablative plural)
चर्मणः (genitive singular)
चर्मणोः (dual genitive)
चर्मणाम् (genitive plural)
चर्मणि (locative singular)
चर्मन्1 (locative singular)
चर्मणोः (dual locative)
चर्मसु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: ċam

Arabic script: ژَم

Devanagari script: च़म

Phalura:

Latin script: čáam

Arabic script: چام

Torwali: چم (čam)

Pali: camma
→ Khmer: ចម្ម (cam)

Prakrit: 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫 (camma) (see there for further descendants)

Bengali: চাম (cam)

Bengali: চিমসা (cimośa)

Rohingya: samra, sam

Assamese: চৰ্ম (sormo)

Bengali: চর্ম (cormo)

Gujarati: ચર્મ (carma)

Hindustani: carm

Hindi: चर्म

Urdu: چَرْم

Kannada: ಚರ್ಮ (carma)

Malayalam: ചർമ്മം (caṟmmaṁ)

Old Marathi: carma

Devanagari script: चर्म

Modi script: 𑘓𑘨𑘿𑘦

Odia: ଚର୍ମ (carma)

Punjabi: caram

Gurmukhi script: ਚਰਮ

Shahmukhi script: چَرَم

Tamil: சருமம் (carumam)

Telugu: చర్మము (carmamu)

Sinhalese: චර්මය (carmaya)

/t͡ɕɐ́ɾ.mɐn/

/ˈt͡ɕɐɾ.mɐn̪/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *čárma, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kérmn̥ (“skin, hide, pelt”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬗𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬥 (car^əman), Old Persian 𐎨𐎼𐎶𐎴 (c-r-m-n /carman/) (whence Persian چرم (čarm)), Latin corium (“skin”), Proto-Slavic *kora (“bark”).

inh

निश् चर्म॑ण ऋभवो॒ गाम॑पिंशत॒ सं व॒त्सेना॑सृजता मा॒तरं॒ पुनः॑ ।
níś cármaṇa ṛbhavo gā́mapiṃśata sáṃ vatsénāsṛjatā mātáraṃ púnaḥ.

Out of skin, O Ṛbhus, once ye formed a cow, and brought the mother close unto her calf again.


जिह्वा

jihvā́ (romanization)
जिह्वा (nominative singular)
जिह्वे (dual nominative)
जिह्वाः (nominative plural)
जिह्वे (singular vocative)
जिह्वे (dual vocative)
जिह्वाः (plural vocative)
जिह्वाम् (accusative singular)
जिह्वे (accusative dual)
जिह्वाः (accusative plural)
जिह्वया (instrumental singular)
जिह्वा1 (instrumental singular)
जिह्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जिह्वाभिः (instrumental plural)
जिह्वायै (dative singular)
जिह्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जिह्वाभ्यः (dative plural)
जिह्वायाः (ablative singular)
जिह्वायै2 (ablative singular)
जिह्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जिह्वाभ्यः (ablative plural)
जिह्वायाः (genitive singular)
जिह्वायै2 (genitive singular)
जिह्वयोः (dual genitive)
जिह्वानाम् (genitive plural)
जिह्वायाम् (locative singular)
जिह्वयोः (dual locative)
जिह्वासु (locative plural)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (jibbhā)

Awadhi: जीभ (jībh)

Dardic:

Dameli: ژِپ (žip)

Domaaki: جِبا (ǰiba)

desc

Gawar-Bati: زِپ (zib), [script needed] (zip)

Grangali: زِپ (zip)

Indus Kohistani: زِیب (zīb)

Kalami: جِب (ǰib)

Kalasha: ǰip (جِپ)

Kashmiri: زؠو (zyav)

Kohistani Shina: جِب (ǰib)

Northeast Pashayi: زِیپ (zīp)

Northwest Pashayi: جِب (ǰib)

Phalura: جھِپ (ǰhip)

Savi: ژِبا (žiba)

Shina: جِپ (ǰip)

Shumashti: زِیب (zīb)

Tirahi: جُب (ǰub)

Torwali: جِیب (ǰīb)

Wotapuri-Katarqalai: زِب (zib)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ދޫ (dū)

Sinhalese: දිව (diwa)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (jibbhā)

Assamese: জিভা (zibha)

Bengali: জিভ (jibh)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: जीभि (jībhi)

Magahi: 𑂔𑂲𑂦 (jībh)

Maithili: जीहा (jīhā)

Mymensinghiya: জিবলা (zibla)

Odia: ଜିଭ (jibha)

Sylheti: ꠎꠤꠙꠞꠣ (zifra)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (jibbhā)

Konkani: जीभ (jībh)

Old Marathi: जीभ (jībha)

Marathi: जीभ (jībh)

Pali: jivhā

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (jibbhā)

Garhwali: जीभ (jībh)

Gujarati: જીભ (jībh)

Hindustani:

Hindi: जीभ (jībh)

Urdu: جیبھ (jībh)

Kumaoni: जीभ (jībh)

Nepali: जिब्रो (jibro)

Punjabi: ਜੀਭ (jībh), ਜਿੱਭ (jibbha)

desctree

Romani: ćhib (“tongue; language”)
Caló: chipí

Sindhi: جڀا (jibhā)

/d͡ʑiɦ.ʋɑ́ː/

/ˈd͡ʑiɦ.ʋɑː/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́iźʰwáH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH (compare Kamkata-viri dić, Avestan 𐬵𐬌𐬰𐬎𐬎𐬁 (hizuuā), Persian زبان (zabân)), from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (whence Old Armenian լեզու (lezu), Gothic 𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉 (tuggō), Latin lingua, Old Church Slavonic ѩзꙑкъ, Old Prussian insuwis, English tongue).


आस्य

āsyà (romanization)
आस्यम् (nominative singular)
आस्ये (dual nominative)
आस्यानि (nominative plural)
आस्या1 (nominative plural)
आस्य (singular vocative)
आस्ये (dual vocative)
आस्यानि (plural vocative)
आस्या1 (plural vocative)
आस्यम् (accusative singular)
आस्ये (accusative dual)
आस्यानि (accusative plural)
आस्या1 (accusative plural)
आस्येन (instrumental singular)
आस्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आस्यैः (instrumental plural)
आस्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
आस्याय (dative singular)
आस्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
आस्येभ्यः (dative plural)
आस्यात् (ablative singular)
आस्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आस्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
आस्यस्य (genitive singular)
आस्ययोः (dual genitive)
आस्यानाम् (genitive plural)
आस्ये (locative singular)
आस्ययोः (dual locative)
आस्येषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalami: آئیں (ā̃y)

Kashmiri:

Arabic script: ٲس (ạ̄s)

Devanagari script: ॴस (ạ̄s)

Prakrit: 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (assa)


मृत

mṛta (romanization)
मृतम् (nominative singular)
मृते (dual nominative)
मृतानि (nominative plural)
मृता1 (nominative plural)
मृत (singular vocative)
मृते (dual vocative)
मृतानि (plural vocative)
मृता1 (plural vocative)
मृतम् (accusative singular)
मृते (accusative dual)
मृतानि (accusative plural)
मृता1 (accusative plural)
मृतेन (instrumental singular)
मृताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मृतैः (instrumental plural)
मृतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मृताय (dative singular)
मृताभ्याम् (dative dual)
मृतेभ्यः (dative plural)
मृतात् (ablative singular)
मृताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मृतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मृतस्य (genitive singular)
मृतयोः (dual genitive)
मृतानाम् (genitive plural)
मृते (locative singular)
मृतयोः (dual locative)
मृतेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *mr̥tás (“dead”), from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥tós (“dead”), from *mer- (“to die”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀 (mər^əta), Latin mortuus, Ancient Greek βροτός (brotós), Persian مرده (morde). Equivalent to मृ (mṛ) + -त (-ta).

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata


शिरस्

śíras (romanization)
शिरः (nominative singular)
शिरसी (dual nominative)
शिरांसि (nominative plural)
शिरः (singular vocative)
शिरसी (dual vocative)
शिरांसि (plural vocative)
शिरः (accusative singular)
शिरसी (accusative dual)
शिरांसि (accusative plural)
शिरसा (instrumental singular)
शिरोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शिरोभिः (instrumental plural)
शिरसे (dative singular)
शिरोभ्याम् (dative dual)
शिरोभ्यः (dative plural)
शिरसः (ablative singular)
शिरोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शिरोभ्यः (ablative plural)
शिरसः (genitive singular)
शिरसोः (dual genitive)
शिरसाम् (genitive plural)
शिरसि (locative singular)
शिरसोः (dual locative)
शिरःसु (locative plural)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀭 (sira)

Awadhi: सिर (sir)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: [script needed] (hīrü)

desc

Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (šīr)

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: සිර (sira)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀭 (sira)

Assamese: সিৰ (xir)

Bengali: শির (śir)

Maithili: सिर (sir)

Odia: ସିର (sira)

Pali: siras

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀭 (sira)

Garhwali: सिर (sir)

Gujarati: સિર (sir)

Hindustani:

Hindi: सिर (sir)

Urdu: سر (sir)

Kumaoni: सिर (sir)

Nepali: सिर (sira)

Punjabi: ਸਿਰ (sir)

Romani: śero
→ Hungarian: séró

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćŕ̥Has, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱŕ̥h₂-os, from *ḱerh₂- (“head”); see there for more. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬁𐬭𐬀 (sāra), Latin cerebrum.

इ॒दं ह्यन्वोज॑सा सु॒तं रा॑धानां पते । पिबा॒ त्व१॒॑स्य गि॑र्वणः ॥ यस्ते॒ अनु॑ स्व॒धामस॑त्सु॒ते नि य॑च्छ त॒न्वं॑ । स त्वा॑ ममत्तु सो॒म्यं ॥ प्र ते॑ अश्नोतु कु॒क्ष्योः प्रेन्द्र॒ ब्रह्म॑णा॒ शिरः॑ । प्र बा॒हू शू॑र॒ राध॑से ॥

So, Lord of affluent gifts, this juice hath been pressed for thee with strength. Drink of it, thou who lovest song. Incline thy body to this juice which suits thy Godlike nature well. May it cheer thee who lovest it. Brave Indra, let it work through both thy flanks, and through thy head by prayer, and through thine arms, to prosper us.

idáṃ hyánvójasā sutáṃ rādhānāṃ pate. píbā tvàsyá girvaṇaḥ. yáste ánu svadhā́másatsuté ní yaccha tanvàṃ. sá tvā mamattu somyáṃ. prá te aśnotu kukṣyóḥ préndra bráhmaṇā śíraḥ. prá bāhū́ śūra rā́dhase.


अक्षि

ákṣi (romanization)
अक्षि (nominative singular)
अक्षिणी (dual nominative)
अक्षीणि (nominative plural)
अक्षि1 (nominative plural)
अक्षी1 (nominative plural)
अक्षि (singular vocative)
अक्षे (singular vocative)
अक्षिणी (dual vocative)
अक्षीणि (plural vocative)
अक्षि1 (plural vocative)
अक्षी1 (plural vocative)
अक्षि (accusative singular)
अक्षिणी (accusative dual)
अक्षीणि (accusative plural)
अक्षि1 (accusative plural)
अक्षी1 (accusative plural)
अक्षिणा (instrumental singular)
अक्ष्या1 (instrumental singular)
अक्षिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अक्षिभिः (instrumental plural)
अक्षिणे (dative singular)
अक्षये1 (dative singular)
अक्षिभ्याम् (dative dual)
अक्षिभ्यः (dative plural)
अक्षिणः (ablative singular)
अक्षेः1 (ablative singular)
अक्षिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अक्षिभ्यः (ablative plural)
अक्षिणः (genitive singular)
अक्षेः1 (genitive singular)
अक्षिणोः (dual genitive)
अक्षीणाम् (genitive plural)
अक्षिणि (locative singular)
अक्षौ1 (locative singular)
अक्षा1 (locative singular)
अक्षिणोः (dual locative)
अक्षिषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalami: اڄ (ac̣)

Kalasha: eč

Kashmiri: أچھ (ạch)

>? Khowar: غیچ (ġeč)

Phalura: ac̣híi

Shina: اَڇھی (aċhī)

Pali: akkhi

Prakrit: 𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺 (akkhi), 𑀅𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺 (acchi) (see there for further descendants)

→ Bengali: অক্ষি (okkhi) (learned)

→ Malayalam: അക്ഷി (akṣi) (learned)

→ Tamil: அக்கு (akku)

→ Telugu: అక్షి (akṣi) (learned)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hákši
Sanskrit अक्षि (akṣi)
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hákṣi, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hákši, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs (“eye”), from *h₃ekʷ-. Cognate with Latin oculus, Ancient Greek ὄσσε (ósse), Old Armenian ակն (akn) and աչք (ačʻkʻ), Old English ēage (whence English eye).


अस्थि

ásthi (romanization)
अस्थि (nominative singular)
अस्थिनी (dual nominative)
अस्थीनि (nominative plural)
अस्थि1 (nominative plural)
अस्थी1 (nominative plural)
अस्थि (singular vocative)
अस्थे (singular vocative)
अस्थिनी (dual vocative)
अस्थीनि (plural vocative)
अस्थि1 (plural vocative)
अस्थी1 (plural vocative)
अस्थि (accusative singular)
अस्थिनी (accusative dual)
अस्थीनि (accusative plural)
अस्थि1 (accusative plural)
अस्थी1 (accusative plural)
अस्थिना (instrumental singular)
अस्थ्या1 (instrumental singular)
अस्थिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अस्थिभिः (instrumental plural)
अस्थिने (dative singular)
अस्थये1 (dative singular)
अस्थिभ्याम् (dative dual)
अस्थिभ्यः (dative plural)
अस्थिनः (ablative singular)
अस्थेः1 (ablative singular)
अस्थिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अस्थिभ्यः (ablative plural)
अस्थिनः (genitive singular)
अस्थेः1 (genitive singular)
अस्थिनोः (dual genitive)
अस्थीनाम् (genitive plural)
अस्थिनि (locative singular)
अस्थौ1 (locative singular)
अस्था1 (locative singular)
अस्थिनोः (dual locative)
अस्थिषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: aṭhí

Khowar: استی (astī)

Pali: atthi

Prakrit: 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺 (atthi)

→ Bengali: অস্থি (osthi)

→ Hindi: अस्थि (asthi)

→ Kannada: ಅಸ್ಥಿ (asthi)

→ Old Javanese: asthi

→ Punjabi: ਅਸਥੀ (asathī)

→ Telugu: అస్థి (asthi)

→ Urdu: استھ (asthi)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hástʰi (“bone”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁i, from *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὀστέον (ostéon), Latin os, Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬙 (ast), Persian است (ast), Old Armenian ոսկր (oskr).


जम्भ

jámbha (romanization)
जम्भः (nominative singular)
जम्भौ (dual nominative)
जम्भा1 (dual nominative)
जम्भाः (nominative plural)
जम्भासः1 (nominative plural)
जम्भ (singular vocative)
जम्भौ (dual vocative)
जम्भा1 (dual vocative)
जम्भाः (plural vocative)
जम्भासः1 (plural vocative)
जम्भम् (accusative singular)
जम्भौ (accusative dual)
जम्भा1 (accusative dual)
जम्भान् (accusative plural)
जम्भेन (instrumental singular)
जम्भाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जम्भैः (instrumental plural)
जम्भेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
जम्भाय (dative singular)
जम्भाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जम्भेभ्यः (dative plural)
जम्भात् (ablative singular)
जम्भाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जम्भेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जम्भस्य (genitive singular)
जम्भयोः (dual genitive)
जम्भानाम् (genitive plural)
जम्भे (locative singular)
जम्भयोः (dual locative)
जम्भेषु (locative plural)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Bengali: জাবর (jabor)

inc-ext

Maharastri Prakrit: (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀟- (-ḍa-) + -𑀓- (-ka-))

Old Marathi:

Marathi: जबडा (jabḍā)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਜਬਾੜਾ (jabāṛā)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

desctree

Romani: ćham (“cheek”)
Angloromani: cham

Sauraseni Prakrit: (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀟- (-ḍa-) + -𑀓- (-ka-))

Sauraseni Apabhramsa:

Old Hindi:

Hindustani:

Hindi: जबड़ा (jabṛā)

Urdu: جَبْڑَا (jabṛā)

→ Hindi: जंभ (jambh) (learned)

/d͡ʑɐ́m.bʱɐ/

/ˈd͡ʑɐm.bʱɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ámbʰas (“tooth, jaw”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵómbʰos (“tooth”). Cognate with Pashto ژامه (žā́ma, “jaw”), Ancient Greek γόμφος (gómphos).

inh

सद्यो जातस्य ददृशानमोजो यदस्य वातो अनुवाति शोचिः।
वृणक्ति तिग्मामतसेषु जिह्वां स्थिरा चिदन्ना दयते वि जम्भैः॥
sadyo jātasya dadṛśānamojo yadasya vāto anuvāti śociḥ.

Yet newly born, his vigour is apparent when the wind blows upon his fiery splendour,
His sharpened tongue he layeth on the brushwood, and with his teeth even solid food consumeth.

vṛṇakti tigmāmataseṣu jihvāṃ sthirā cidannā dayate vi jambhaiḥ.


असृज्

ásṛj (romanization)
असृक् (nominative singular)
असृजौ (dual nominative)
असृजा1 (dual nominative)
असृजः (nominative plural)
असृक् (singular vocative)
असृजौ (dual vocative)
असृजा1 (dual vocative)
असृजः (plural vocative)
असृजम् (accusative singular)
असृजौ (accusative dual)
असृजा1 (accusative dual)
असृजः (accusative plural)
असृजा (instrumental singular)
असृग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
असृग्भिः (instrumental plural)
असृजे (dative singular)
असृग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
असृग्भ्यः (dative plural)
असृजः (ablative singular)
असृग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
असृग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
असृजः (genitive singular)
असृजोः (dual genitive)
असृजाम् (genitive plural)
असृजि (locative singular)
असृजोः (dual locative)
असृक्षु (locative plural)
असृक् (nominative singular)
असृजी (dual nominative)
असृञ्जि (nominative plural)
असृक् (singular vocative)
असृजी (dual vocative)
असृञ्जि (plural vocative)
असृक् (accusative singular)
असृजी (accusative dual)
असृञ्जि (accusative plural)
असृजा (instrumental singular)
असृग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
असृग्भिः (instrumental plural)
असृजे (dative singular)
असृग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
असृग्भ्यः (dative plural)
असृजः (ablative singular)
असृग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
असृग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
असृजः (genitive singular)
असृजोः (dual genitive)
असृजाम् (genitive plural)
असृजि (locative singular)
असृजोः (dual locative)
असृक्षु (locative plural)

/ˈɐ.s̪r̩d͡ʑ/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HásHr̥, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”). Cognate with Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒄯 (ēšḫar), Ancient Greek ἔαρ (éar), Old Armenian արիւն (ariwn) and perhaps Latin sanguis.


ओष्ठ

óṣṭha (romanization)
ओष्ठः (nominative singular)
ओष्ठौ (dual nominative)
ओष्ठा1 (dual nominative)
ओष्ठाः (nominative plural)
ओष्ठासः1 (nominative plural)
ओष्ठ (singular vocative)
ओष्ठौ (dual vocative)
ओष्ठा1 (dual vocative)
ओष्ठाः (plural vocative)
ओष्ठासः1 (plural vocative)
ओष्ठम् (accusative singular)
ओष्ठौ (accusative dual)
ओष्ठा1 (accusative dual)
ओष्ठान् (accusative plural)
ओष्ठेन (instrumental singular)
ओष्ठाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ओष्ठैः (instrumental plural)
ओष्ठेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ओष्ठाय (dative singular)
ओष्ठाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ओष्ठेभ्यः (dative plural)
ओष्ठात् (ablative singular)
ओष्ठाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ओष्ठेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ओष्ठस्य (genitive singular)
ओष्ठयोः (dual genitive)
ओष्ठानाम् (genitive plural)
ओष्ठे (locative singular)
ओष्ठयोः (dual locative)
ओष्ठेषु (locative plural)

Pali: oṭṭha

Dardic:

Kashmiri: वुठ (wuṭh)

desc

Prakrit: 𑀑𑀝𑁆𑀞 (ŏṭṭha), 𑀉𑀝𑁆𑀞 (uṭṭha), 𑀳𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀞 (hŏṭṭha), 𑀳𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞 (huṭṭha)

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: ඔට (oṭa)

Khasa Prakrit:

Nepali: ओठ् (oṭh)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: ওঁঠ (ü̃th)

Odia: ଓଠ (oṭha)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: वोंट (voṇṭa)

Marathi: ओठ (oṭh), ओंठ (oṇṭha)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਹੋਠ (hoṭh), Punjabi: ਹੋਂਠ (hoṇṭh)

Pali: oṭṭha

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Domari: ōšt

Gujarati: હોઠ (hoṭh)

Hindustani:

Hindi: होंठ (hõṭh)

Urdu: ہونٹ (honṭ)

Romani: uśt

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háwštʰas (“lip”), from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *h₃éh₁os (“mouth”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬙𐬀(-𐬗𐬀) (aošta(-ca), “upper lip”), 𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬙𐬭𐬀 (aoštra, “two lips”), Proto-Slavic *ūstà (“lip, mouth”). See also आस् (ā́s, “mouth”).


ओष्ठ

(botany) Coccinia grandis (to whose red fruits lips are commonly compared)


हस्त

hásta (romanization)
हस्तः (nominative singular)
हस्तौ (dual nominative)
हस्ता1 (dual nominative)
हस्ताः (nominative plural)
हस्तासः1 (nominative plural)
हस्त (singular vocative)
हस्तौ (dual vocative)
हस्ता1 (dual vocative)
हस्ताः (plural vocative)
हस्तासः1 (plural vocative)
हस्तम् (accusative singular)
हस्तौ (accusative dual)
हस्ता1 (accusative dual)
हस्तान् (accusative plural)
हस्तेन (instrumental singular)
हस्ताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हस्तैः (instrumental plural)
हस्तेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
हस्ताय (dative singular)
हस्ताभ्याम् (dative dual)
हस्तेभ्यः (dative plural)
हस्तात् (ablative singular)
हस्ताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हस्तेभ्यः (ablative plural)
हस्तस्य (genitive singular)
हस्तयोः (dual genitive)
हस्तानाम् (genitive plural)
हस्ते (locative singular)
हस्तयोः (dual locative)
हस्तेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: اَتھٕ (athụ)

Khowar: ہوست (host)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: އަތް (at̊), އަތްތިލަ (at̊tila)

Sinhalese: අත (ata)

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣 (hattha)
Central Indo-Aryan:
Old Gujarati: हाथ (hātha)
Gujarati: હાથ (hāth)
Malvi: हात (hāt)
Nimadi: हाथ (hāth)
Hindustani: hāth
Hindi: हाथ
Urdu: ہاتھ (hāth)
Romani: vast
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
Awadhi: हाँथ (hā̃th)
Early Assamese: হাথ (hatho)
Assamese: হাত (hat)
Old Bengali: হাথ (hātha)
Bengali: হাত (hat)
Chakma: 𑄦𑄖𑄴 (hāt)
Rohingya: hát
Sylheti: ꠀꠔ (at)
Bihari:
Bhojpuri: हाथ (hāth)
Maithili: हाथ (hāth)
Odia: ହାତ (hāta)
Insular Indo-Aryan:
Dhivehi: އަތް (at̊), އަތްތިލަ (at̊tila)
Sinhalese: අත (ata)
Northern Indo-Aryan:
Garhwali: हाथ (hāth)
Nepali: हात (hāt)
Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
Kachchi: હથ (hath)
Punjabi: hatth
Gurmukhi script: ਹੱਥ
Shahmukhi script: ہَتھّ
Sindhi:
Arabic script: هَٿُ
Devanagari script: हथु
Southern Indo-Aryan:
Konkani: hāt
Devanagari script: हात
Kannada script: ಹಾತ್
Latin script: hat
Old Marathi: hatha, hāṭa, hāta, hātha
Modi script: 𑘮𑘞, 𑘮𑘰𑘘, 𑘮𑘰𑘝, 𑘮𑘰𑘞
Devanagari script: हथ, हाट, हात, हाथ
Marathi: हात (hāt)

Pali: hattha
→ Khmer: ហត្ថ (hat)
→ Thai: หัตถ์

→ Hindi: हस्त (hast)

→ Kannada: ಹಸ್ತ (hasta)

→ Malay: hasta

Indonesian: hasta

→ Malayalam: ഹസ്തം (hastaṁ)

→ Old Javanese: hasta
Javanese: ꦲꦱ꧀ꦠ (asta)
→ Balinese: ᬳᬲ᭄ᬢ (asta, “hand”)

→ Old Marathi:

Modi script: 𑘮𑘭𑘿𑘝 (hasta)

Devanagari script: हस्त (hasta)

→ Tamil: அஸ்தம் (astam), அத்தம் (attam)

→ Telugu: హస్తము (hastamu)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰós-tos
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas
Sanskrit हस्त (hasta)Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰós-tos.
Cognate with Old Persian 𐎭𐎿𐎫 (d-s-t /dasta/) (whence modern Persian دست (dast)), Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀 (zasta, “hand”), Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír, “hand”), Latin hir (“hand”).

etymon

the forearm (a measure of length from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger)


अंस

áṃsa (romanization)
अंसः (nominative singular)
अंसौ (dual nominative)
अंसा1 (dual nominative)
अंसाः (nominative plural)
अंसासः1 (nominative plural)
अंस (singular vocative)
अंसौ (dual vocative)
अंसा1 (dual vocative)
अंसाः (plural vocative)
अंसासः1 (plural vocative)
अंसम् (accusative singular)
अंसौ (accusative dual)
अंसा1 (accusative dual)
अंसान् (accusative plural)
अंसेन (instrumental singular)
अंसाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अंसैः (instrumental plural)
अंसेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अंसाय (dative singular)
अंसाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अंसेभ्यः (dative plural)
अंसात् (ablative singular)
अंसाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अंसेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अंसस्य (genitive singular)
अंसयोः (dual genitive)
अंसानाम् (genitive plural)
अंसे (locative singular)
अंसयोः (dual locative)
अंसेषु (locative plural)

Pali: aṃsa

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀲 (aṃsa)

Hindi: हाँस (hā̃s)

→ Odia: ଅଂସ (aṁsa)

→ Marathi: अंश (auśa)

→ Tamil: அம்ஸம் (amsam)

→ Telugu: అంసము (aṁsamu)

→ Malayalam: അംസം (aṁsaṁ)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂óms-o-s (“shoulder”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὦμος (ômos, “shoulder”), Latin umerus (“shoulder”) (whence English humerus); Gothic 𐌰𐌼𐍃 (ams, “shoulder”).

ऋष्टयो वो मरुतो अंसयोर्अधि सह ओजो बाह्वोर्वो बलं हितम्।

Borne on both shoulders, O ye Maruts, are your spears: within your arms is laid your energy and strength.

ṛṣṭayo vo maruto aṃsayoradhi saha ojo bāhvorvo balaṃ hitam.


जानु

jā́nu (romanization)
जानु (nominative singular)
जानुनी (dual nominative)
जानूनि (nominative plural)
जानु1 (nominative plural)
जानू1 (nominative plural)
जानु (singular vocative)
जानो (singular vocative)
जानुनी (dual vocative)
जानूनि (plural vocative)
जानु1 (plural vocative)
जानू1 (plural vocative)
जानु (accusative singular)
जानुनी (accusative dual)
जानूनि (accusative plural)
जानु1 (accusative plural)
जानू1 (accusative plural)
जानुना (instrumental singular)
जान्वा1 (instrumental singular)
जानुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जानुभिः (instrumental plural)
जानुने (dative singular)
जानवे1 (dative singular)
जान्वे1 (dative singular)
जानुभ्याम् (dative dual)
जानुभ्यः (dative plural)
जानुनः (ablative singular)
जानोः1 (ablative singular)
जान्वः1 (ablative singular)
जानुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जानुभ्यः (ablative plural)
जानुनः (genitive singular)
जानोः1 (genitive singular)
जान्वः1 (genitive singular)
जानुनोः (dual genitive)
जानूनाम् (genitive plural)
जानुनि (locative singular)
जानौ1 (locative singular)
जानुनोः (dual locative)
जानुषु (locative plural)

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: දන (dana)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Lahnda:

Khetrani: [script needed] (jā̃ṇu)

Pali: jānu

→ Telugu: జానువు (jānuvu)

/ˈd͡ʑɑː.n̪u/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ā́nu (“knee”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵónu (“knee”).
Cognate with Old Armenian ծունգք (cungkʻ), Ancient Greek γόνυ (gónu, “knee”), Latin genu (“knee”), Avestan 𐬰𐬁𐬥𐬎 (zānu), Persian زانو (zânu), Old English cnēow (whence English knee)).

आच्या जानु दक्षिणतो निषद्येमं यज्ञमभि गृणीत विश्वे ।
मा हिंसिष्ट पितरः केन चिन्नो यद्व आगः पुरुषता कराम ॥
ācyā jānu dakṣiṇato niṣadyemaṃ yajñamabhi gṛṇīta viśve.

Bowing your bended knees and seated southward, accept this sacrifice of ours with favour.
Punish us not for any sin, O Fathers, which we through human frailty have committed.

mā hiṃsiṣṭa pitaraḥ kena cinno yadva āgaḥ puruṣatā karāma.


अक्ष

ákṣa (romanization)
अक्षः (nominative singular)
अक्षौ (dual nominative)
अक्षा1 (dual nominative)
अक्षाः (nominative plural)
अक्षासः1 (nominative plural)
अक्ष (singular vocative)
अक्षौ (dual vocative)
अक्षा1 (dual vocative)
अक्षाः (plural vocative)
अक्षासः1 (plural vocative)
अक्षम् (accusative singular)
अक्षौ (accusative dual)
अक्षा1 (accusative dual)
अक्षान् (accusative plural)
अक्षेण (instrumental singular)
अक्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अक्षैः (instrumental plural)
अक्षेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अक्षाय (dative singular)
अक्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अक्षेभ्यः (dative plural)
अक्षात् (ablative singular)
अक्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अक्षेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अक्षस्य (genitive singular)
अक्षयोः (dual genitive)
अक्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
अक्षे (locative singular)
अक्षयोः (dual locative)
अक्षेषु (locative plural)

Pali: akkha

Prakrit: 𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔 (akkha)

Eastern:

Bihari: अखौत (akhaut), अखौता (akhautā)

Odia: ଅଖ (akha)

Southern:

desc

Marathi: आस (ās), आंस (āusa), आंख (āṅkha)

→ Gujarati: આંસ (ā̃sa)

Sinhalese: අක (aka), අකුව (akuwa)

Western:

Gujarati: આંક (ā̃ka)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háṭṣas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćšas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs-. Cognate with Latin axis.


यकृत्

yákṛt (romanization)
यकृत् (nominative singular)
यकृत् (accusative singular)
यक्ना (instrumental singular)
यक्नः (ablative singular)
यकृतः (ablative singular)
यक्नः (genitive singular)
यकृति (locative singular)

Dardic: (< यकन् (yákan))

Kalami: [script needed] (yān)

Kalasha: žạ́ŋgu

Khowar: ݰیغُن (ṣéġun)

Kohistani Shina: [script needed] (yū̃)

Shina: [script needed] (yum)

Torwali: [script needed] (ǰogō)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀚𑀕 (jaga)

Marathi: जरंडी (jaraṇḍī, “hepatitis”)

Pali: yaka, yakana

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀚𑀕 (jaga)

Kumaoni: जिकुडो (jikuṛo)

Sindhi: जेरो (jero)

→ Kannada: ಯಕೃತ್ತು (yakṛttu)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hyákr̥ (“liver”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hyékʷr̥ (“liver”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬫𐬁𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬆 (yākar^ə), Persian جگر (jegar), Latin iecur, Ancient Greek ἧπαρ (hêpar), Old Armenian լեարդ (leard).

यक्ष्मं मतस्नाभ्यां यक्नः प्लाशिभ्यो वि वृहामि ते ॥

From kidneys, liver, and from the spleen, I drive thy malady away.

yakṣmaṃ matasnābhyāṃ yaknaḥ plāśibhyo vi vṛhāmi te.


कल

kala (romanization)
कलम् (nominative singular)
कले (dual nominative)
कलानि (nominative plural)
कल (singular vocative)
कले (dual vocative)
कलानि (plural vocative)
कलम् (accusative singular)
कले (accusative dual)
कलानि (accusative plural)
कलेन (instrumental singular)
कलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कलैः (instrumental plural)
कलाय (dative singular)
कलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कलेभ्यः (dative plural)
कलात् (ablative singular)
कलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कलस्य (genitive singular)
कलयोः (dual genitive)
कलानाम् (genitive plural)
कले (locative singular)
कलयोः (dual locative)
कलेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">कल</i>


क्षीर

kṣīrá (romanization)
क्षीरम् (nominative singular)
क्षीरे (dual nominative)
क्षीराणि (nominative plural)
क्षीरा1 (nominative plural)
क्षीर (singular vocative)
क्षीरे (dual vocative)
क्षीराणि (plural vocative)
क्षीरा1 (plural vocative)
क्षीरम् (accusative singular)
क्षीरे (accusative dual)
क्षीराणि (accusative plural)
क्षीरा1 (accusative plural)
क्षीरेण (instrumental singular)
क्षीराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
क्षीरैः (instrumental plural)
क्षीरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
क्षीराय (dative singular)
क्षीराभ्याम् (dative dual)
क्षीरेभ्यः (dative plural)
क्षीरात् (ablative singular)
क्षीराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
क्षीरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
क्षीरस्य (genitive singular)
क्षीरयोः (dual genitive)
क्षीराणाम् (genitive plural)
क्षीरे (locative singular)
क्षीरयोः (dual locative)
क्षीरेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Dameli: [script needed] (c̣hīr)

Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (c̣hir)

desc

Kalami: [script needed] (c̣hīr, “milk, udder”)

Kalasha: č̣hir

Khowar: ݯھیر (c̣hír)

Phalura: ڇھیر (c̣hīr)

Savi: [script needed] (c̣hir)

Shumashti: [script needed] (c̣hīr)

Torwali: ڇھی (c̣hī)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit: 𑀓𑀺𑀭𑀺 (kiri)

Dhivehi: ކިރު (kiru)

Sinhalese: කිරි (kiri)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀔𑀻𑀭 (khīra)

Marathi: खीर (khīr), शिरें (śirẽ, “caudle for puerperal women of coconut milk”)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Nepali: खीर (khīra)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀔𑀻𑀭 (khīra)

Assamese: খীৰ (khir)

Bengali: ক্ষীর (khir), খীর (khir)

Odia: ଖିରି (khiri), ଖିର (khira, “milk, juice from trees”), ଖିରା (khirā, “inspissated milk”)

Sylheti: ꠈꠤꠞ (kír)

Western:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਖੀਰ (khīr)

Lahnda: کھِیر (khīr)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: کِيرُ

Devanagari script: खीरु

Pali: khīra

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀔𑀻𑀭 (khīra)

Domaaki: [script needed] (c̣hīr)

Gujarati: ખીરું (khīrũ)

Hindustani:

Hindi: खीर (khīr)

Urdu: کھیر (khīr)

>? Romani: khil

→ Proto-Nuristani:

Waigali: [script needed] (c̣hīr, “sour milk”)

→ Telugu: క్షీరము (kṣīramu) (learned)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšiHrám
Sanskrit क्षीर (kṣīra)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšiHrám (“milk”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬌𐬛- (xšuuid-), Northern Kurdish şîr, Persian شیر (šir), Zazaki şıd, şıt. Originally thought to be from Proto-Indo-European *swēyd- (“milk”), but Lubotsky claims a borrowing from the BMAC substrate.

etymon

पावमानीर्यो अध्येत्यृषिभिः सम्भृतं रसम् ।
तस्मै सरस्वती दुहे क्षीरं सर्पिर्मधूदकम् ॥
pāvamānīryo adhyetyṛṣibhiḥ sambhṛtaṃ rasam.
tasmai sarasvatī duhe kṣīraṃ sarpirmadhūdakam.
Whoever reads the essence stored by saints, the Pavamani hymns,

Sarasvatī draws forth for him water and butter, milk and meath.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda


दुःस्वप्न

duḥsvápna (romanization)
दुःस्वप्नः (nominative singular)
दुःस्वप्नौ (dual nominative)
दुःस्वप्ना1 (dual nominative)
दुःस्वप्नाः (nominative plural)
दुःस्वप्नासः1 (nominative plural)
दुःस्वप्न (singular vocative)
दुःस्वप्नौ (dual vocative)
दुःस्वप्ना1 (dual vocative)
दुःस्वप्नाः (plural vocative)
दुःस्वप्नासः1 (plural vocative)
दुःस्वप्नम् (accusative singular)
दुःस्वप्नौ (accusative dual)
दुःस्वप्ना1 (accusative dual)
दुःस्वप्नान् (accusative plural)
दुःस्वप्नेन (instrumental singular)
दुःस्वप्नाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दुःस्वप्नैः (instrumental plural)
दुःस्वप्नेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दुःस्वप्नाय (dative singular)
दुःस्वप्नाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दुःस्वप्नेभ्यः (dative plural)
दुःस्वप्नात् (ablative singular)
दुःस्वप्नाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दुःस्वप्नेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दुःस्वप्नस्य (genitive singular)
दुःस्वप्नयोः (dual genitive)
दुःस्वप्नानाम् (genitive plural)
दुःस्वप्ने (locative singular)
दुःस्वप्नयोः (dual locative)
दुःस्वप्नेषु (locative plural)

desc

→ Hindi: दुःस्वप्न (duḥsvapna) (learned)

→ Kannada: ದುಃಸ್ವಪ್ನ (duḥsvapna) (learned)

→ Marathi: दुःस्वप्न (duḥsvapna) (learned)

From दुस्- (dus-, “bad”) + स्वप्न (svápna, “dream”)


शिर

śira (romanization)
शिरः (nominative singular)
शिरौ (dual nominative)
शिरा1 (dual nominative)
शिराः (nominative plural)
शिरासः1 (nominative plural)
शिर (singular vocative)
शिरौ (dual vocative)
शिरा1 (dual vocative)
शिराः (plural vocative)
शिरासः1 (plural vocative)
शिरम् (accusative singular)
शिरौ (accusative dual)
शिरा1 (accusative dual)
शिरान् (accusative plural)
शिरेण (instrumental singular)
शिराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शिरैः (instrumental plural)
शिरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शिराय (dative singular)
शिराभ्याम् (dative dual)
शिरेभ्यः (dative plural)
शिरात् (ablative singular)
शिराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शिरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शिरस्य (genitive singular)
शिरयोः (dual genitive)
शिराणाम् (genitive plural)
शिरे (locative singular)
शिरयोः (dual locative)
शिरेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Pashayi: šero

desc

Kashmiri: ह्यरि॒ (hyari॒), हीरू॒ (hīrū॒)

desctree

Old Javanese: śirah
Javanese: ꦱꦶꦫꦃ (sirah)
→ Sundanese: ᮞᮤᮛᮂ (sirah)
→ Balinese: ᬰᬶᬭᬄ → ᬲᬶᬭᬄ (sirah)

Pali: sira

→ Sinhalese: සිර (sira)

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀭 (sira)

Punjabi: ਸਿਰ (sir), ਸਿਰੀ (sirī)

Sindhi: 𑋝𑋡𑋙𑋣 (siru), 𑋝𑋡𑋙𑋢 (sirī)

West Pahāṛī: śir,śirī

Churahi: 𑚧𑚮𑚤

Kumaoni: सिर

Nepali: सिर (sira)

Assamese: শিৰ (xir)

Bengali: শির (śir)

Odia: ଶିର (śira)

Maithili: 𑒮𑒱𑒩 (sira)

Awadhi: 𑂮𑂱𑂩

desc

Hindi: सिर (sir), सिरा (sirā), सिरी (sirī)

Gujarati: સિર (sir)

Marathi: 𑘫𑘲𑘨 (śīr), 𑘫𑘲𑘨 (śīr)

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“head”); see there for more. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬀 (sara).


अण्ड

aṇḍá (romanization)
अण्डः (nominative singular)
अण्डौ (dual nominative)
अण्डाः (nominative plural)
अण्ड (singular vocative)
अण्डौ (dual vocative)
अण्डाः (plural vocative)
अण्डम् (accusative singular)
अण्डौ (accusative dual)
अण्डान् (accusative plural)
अण्डेन (instrumental singular)
अण्डाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अण्डैः (instrumental plural)
अण्डाय (dative singular)
अण्डाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अण्डेभ्यः (dative plural)
अण्डात् (ablative singular)
अण्डाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अण्डेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अण्डस्य (genitive singular)
अण्डयोः (dual genitive)
अण्डानाम् (genitive plural)
अण्डे (locative singular)
अण्डयोः (dual locative)
अण्डेषु (locative plural)
अण्डम् (nominative singular)
अण्डे (dual nominative)
अण्डानि (nominative plural)
अण्ड (singular vocative)
अण्डे (dual vocative)
अण्डानि (plural vocative)
अण्डम् (accusative singular)
अण्डे (accusative dual)
अण्डानि (accusative plural)
अण्डेन (instrumental singular)
अण्डाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अण्डैः (instrumental plural)
अण्डाय (dative singular)
अण्डाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अण्डेभ्यः (dative plural)
अण्डात् (ablative singular)
अण्डाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अण्डेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अण्डस्य (genitive singular)
अण्डयोः (dual genitive)
अण्डानाम् (genitive plural)
अण्डे (locative singular)
अण्डयोः (dual locative)
अण्डेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of अण्ड

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">अण्ड</i>

Ashokan Prakrit:

Bengali: আঁড় (ãṛ), আণ্ডা (anḍa)

Konkani: अंड (aṇḍa), अंडें (aṇḍẽ)

Punjabi: ਆਂਡਾੱ (āṇḍā)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀟 (aṃḍa)

desc

Hindi: अंडा (aṇḍā), आँड़ (ā̃ṛ)

Hindi: अंडा (aṇḍā), आँड़ (ā̃ṛ)

Old Gujarati:

Gujarati: ઈંડું (ī̃ḍũ)

Romani: anro

Dardic:

Kalasha: ónḍrak (“egg”)

Kunar:

Gawar-Bati: aṇḍa

Shumashti: aṛa

Pashayi:

Northeast Pashayi: āndō (Kurangali)

Northwest Pashayi: āṇḍā (Laurowani)

Southeast Pashayi: ãṛa (Wegali)

Pali: aṇḍa

→ Bengali: অণ্ড (onḍo)

→ Kannada: ಅಂಡ (aṇḍa)

→ Malayalam: അണ്ഡം (aṇḍaṁ)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: aṇḍa (“egg; world egg”)
→ Balinese: ᬅᬡ᭄ᬥ (anda, “egg”)

→ Tamil: அண்டம் (aṇṭam)

→ Telugu: అండము (aṇḍamu)

From an earlier Vedic Sanskrit आण्ड (āṇḍá).


पुष्प

púṣpa (romanization)
पुष्पम् (nominative singular)
पुष्पे (dual nominative)
पुष्पाणि (nominative plural)
पुष्पा1 (nominative plural)
पुष्प (singular vocative)
पुष्पे (dual vocative)
पुष्पाणि (plural vocative)
पुष्पा1 (plural vocative)
पुष्पम् (accusative singular)
पुष्पे (accusative dual)
पुष्पाणि (accusative plural)
पुष्पा1 (accusative plural)
पुष्पेण (instrumental singular)
पुष्पाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पुष्पैः (instrumental plural)
पुष्पेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पुष्पाय (dative singular)
पुष्पाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पुष्पेभ्यः (dative plural)
पुष्पात् (ablative singular)
पुष्पाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पुष्पेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पुष्पस्य (genitive singular)
पुष्पयोः (dual genitive)
पुष्पाणाम् (genitive plural)
पुष्पे (locative singular)
पुष्पयोः (dual locative)
पुष्पेषु (locative plural)

Pali: puppha

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨 (puppha) (see there for further descendants)

→ Bengali: পুষ্প (puśpo)

→ Gujarati: પુષ્પ (puṣp)

→ Hindi: पुष्प (puṣp)

→ Indonesian: puspa

→ Malayalam: പുഷ്പം (puṣpaṁ)

→ Marathi: पुष्प (puṣpa)

→ Sundanese: ᮕᮥᮞ᮪ᮕ (puspa)

desc

→ Tamil: புட்பம் (puṭpam), புஷ்பம் (puṣpam)

⇒ Telugu: పుష్పము (puṣpamu)

→ Thai: บุษบา (bùt-sà-baa)


कर्ण

kárṇa (romanization)
कर्णः (nominative singular)
कर्णौ (dual nominative)
कर्णाः (nominative plural)
कर्ण (singular vocative)
कर्णौ (dual vocative)
कर्णाः (plural vocative)
कर्णम् (accusative singular)
कर्णौ (accusative dual)
कर्णान् (accusative plural)
कर्णेन (instrumental singular)
कर्णाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कर्णैः (instrumental plural)
कर्णाय (dative singular)
कर्णाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कर्णेभ्यः (dative plural)
कर्णात् (ablative singular)
कर्णाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कर्णेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कर्णस्य (genitive singular)
कर्णयोः (dual genitive)
कर्णानाम् (genitive plural)
कर्णे (locative singular)
कर्णयोः (dual locative)
कर्णेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of कर्ण

Dardic:

Grangali: kō̃

Indus Kohistani: kaṇa, kān

Kalami: kan

Kalasha: kọ̃

Kashmiri: کَن (kan), کَنّ

Phalura: کاݨ (kāṇ)

Shina: کون (kon), کوݨ (koṇí)

Kohistani Shina: کݨ (kuṇ), کءاݨ (kuāṇə)

→ Domaaki: کون (kon)

Shumashti: kō̃ṛ

Tirahi: kana

Torwali: کان (kaṇ)

Wotapuri-Katarqalai: kanə, kan

Pali: kaṇṇa

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡 (kaṇṇa)
Central:
Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
Awadhi: कान (kān)
Sauraseni Prakrit:
Hindustani: kān
Hindi: कान
Urdu: کان (kān)
Romani: kan
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
Avahattha: 𑖎𑖜𑖿𑖜 (kaṇṇa)
Bengali-Assamese:
Assamese: কাণ (kan), কান (kan)
Bengali: কান (kan)
Hajong: কান
Bihari:
Bhojpuri: kān
Devanagari script: कान
Kaithi script: 𑂍𑂰𑂢
Magahi: kān
Devanagari script: कान
Kaithi script: 𑂍𑂰𑂢
Maithili: kān
Devanagari script: कान
Tirhuta script: 𑒏𑒰𑒢
Odia: କାନ (kāna)
Northern:
Khasa Prakrit:
Central Pahari:
Kumaoni: कान (kān)
Eastern Pahari:
Nepali: कान (kān)
Western Pahari:
Bhadrawahi: कन्न (kann)
Chambeali: कन्न (kann)
Northwestern:
Paisaci Prakrit:
Takka Apabhramsa:
Lahnda: کَنّ (kann), کَن (kan)
Punjabi: kann
Gurmukhi script: ਕੰਨ
Shahmukhi script: کَنّ
Vracada Apabhramsa:
Sindhi: kanu
Arabic script: ڪَنُ
Devanagari script: कनु
Kachchi: કન (kan)
Southern:
Helu Prakrit:
⇒ Dhivehi: ކަންފަތް (kan̊fat̊)
Sinhalese: කන (kana), කණ (kaṇa)
Maharastri Prakrit:
Konkani: kānu
Devanagari script: कानु
Latin script: kanu
Kannada script: ಕಾನು
Old Marathi: kāna
Modi script: 𑘎𑘰𑘡
Devanagari script: कान
Marathi: कान (kān)
Western:
Sauraseni Prakrit:
Old Gujarati: कान (kāna)
Gujarati: કાન (kān)
Old Marwari: कान (kān)

→ Bengali: কর্ণ (korno)

→ English: Karna

→ Hindi: कर्ण (karṇ)

→ Old Javanese: karṇa
> Javanese: ꦏꦂꦤ (karna) (inherited)
→ Balinese: ᬓᬃᬡ (karna)

⇒ Tamil: கன்னம் (kaṉṉam)

⇒ Malayalam: കർണ്ണം (kaṟṇṇaṁ)

desc

⇒ Telugu: కర్ణుడు (karṇuḍu), కర్ణము (karṇamu)

→ Thai: กรรณ (gan)

Of uncertain origin.
Likely related to Persian کر (kar, “deaf”), and perhaps to Old Church Slavonic крънъ (krŭnŭ, “mutilated (esp. of the ears and nose)”); however, Fraenkel's presupposition that "defect of the ear" was the original meaning of the common root and that Sanskrit later developed the more basal meaning of "ear" from the "defect" meaning is suspect.
Pischel takes the original meaning as "point, spike"; under this view, कर्णक (karṇaka, “lateral protrusion; fork”) could be related. However, a convincing etymological path for this has not been found.
Zupitsa connects this with Russian Church Slavonic črĕnъ, from a common root meaning "handle, grip".
Finally, others have connected this word to शृणोति (śṛṇóti, “to listen, hear”).


तनू

tanū́ (romanization)
tánū (romanization)
तनूः (nominative singular)
तनू (dual nominative)
तन्वा (dual nominative)
तनुवौ (dual nominative)
तन्वौ (dual nominative)
तन्वः (nominative plural)
तनुवः (nominative plural)
तनु (singular vocative)
तन्वौ (dual vocative)
तनू1 (dual vocative)
तन्वः (plural vocative)
तनूः1 (plural vocative)
तन्वम् (accusative singular)
तनुवम् (accusative singular)
तन्वौ (accusative dual)
तनू1 (accusative dual)
तन्वः (accusative plural)
तनुवा (instrumental singular)
तनूभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तनूभिः (instrumental plural)
तन्वै (dative singular)
तनूभ्याम् (dative dual)
तनूभ्यः (dative plural)
तन्वः (ablative singular)
तनूभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तनूभ्यः (ablative plural)
तन्वः (genitive singular)
तन्वोः (dual genitive)
तनूनाम् (genitive plural)
तन्वि (locative singular)
तन्वी (locative singular)
तन्वाम् (locative singular)
तन्वोः (dual locative)
तनूषु (locative plural)

Pali: tanu

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀢𑀡𑀽 (taṇū)
Marathi: तन (tan)
Hindustani:
Hindi: तन (tan)
Urdu: تن (tan)
Punjabi: ਤੰਨ (tanna)

→ Kannada: ತನುವು (tanuvu)

→ Telugu: తనువు (tanuvu)

→ Thai: ตนุ

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *tanúHs (“body, self”), from Proto-Indo-European *tenuh₂- (“body”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬙𐬀𐬥𐬎 (tanu, “body, self”), Old Persian 𐎫𐎵𐎢𐏁 (t-nu-u-š /tanūš/). The reflexive use is an Indo-Iranian innovation.

inh

अप॑श्यं त्वा॒ मन॑सा॒ दीध्या॑नां॒ स्वायां॑ त॒नू ऋत्व्ये॒ नाध॑मानां ।
उप॒ मामु॒च्चा यु॑व॒तिर्ब॑भूयाः॒ प्र जा॑यस्व प्र॒जया॑ पुत्रकामे ॥
ápaśyaṃ tvā mánasā dī́dhyānāṃ svā́yāṃ tanū́ ṛ́tvye nā́dhamānāṃ.

I saw thee pondering in thine heart, and praying that in due time thy body might be fruitful.
Come as a youthful woman, rise to meet me: spread in thine offspring, thou who cravest children.

úpa mā́muccā́ yuvatírbabhūyāḥ prá jāyasva prajáyā putrakāme.


वायु

vāyú (romanization)
वा (root)
वायुः (nominative singular)
वायू (dual nominative)
वायवः (nominative plural)
वायो (singular vocative)
वायू (dual vocative)
वायवः (plural vocative)
वायुम् (accusative singular)
वायू (accusative dual)
वायून् (accusative plural)
वायुना (instrumental singular)
वाय्वा1 (instrumental singular)
वायुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वायुभिः (instrumental plural)
वायवे (dative singular)
वाय्वे1 (dative singular)
वायुभ्याम् (dative dual)
वायुभ्यः (dative plural)
वायोः (ablative singular)
वाय्वः1 (ablative singular)
वायुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वायुभ्यः (ablative plural)
वायोः (genitive singular)
वाय्वः1 (genitive singular)
वाय्वोः (dual genitive)
वायूनाम् (genitive plural)
वायौ (locative singular)
वाय्वोः (dual locative)
वायुषु (locative plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁-der.
Proto-Indo-Iranian *HwaHyúš
Sanskrit वायु (vāyu)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HwaHyúš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁yús (“wind, air”), from *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬎 (vaiiu), Lithuanian vejas.

inh

(medicine) the windy humour or any morbid affection of it


पाद

pā́da (romanization)
पादः (nominative singular)
पादौ (dual nominative)
पादा1 (dual nominative)
पादाः (nominative plural)
पादासः1 (nominative plural)
पाद (singular vocative)
पादौ (dual vocative)
पादा1 (dual vocative)
पादाः (plural vocative)
पादासः1 (plural vocative)
पादम् (accusative singular)
पादौ (accusative dual)
पादा1 (accusative dual)
पादान् (accusative plural)
पादेन (instrumental singular)
पादाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पादैः (instrumental plural)
पादेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पादाय (dative singular)
पादाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पादेभ्यः (dative plural)
पादात् (ablative singular)
पादाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पादेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पादस्य (genitive singular)
पादयोः (dual genitive)
पादानाम् (genitive plural)
पादे (locative singular)
पादयोः (dual locative)
पादेषु (locative plural)

→ Old Javanese: pāda

Formed from पादम् (pādam), the accusative singular of पद् (pád, “foot”).


पार्ष्णि

sa-noun

पार्ष्णि • (pā́rṣṇi) stem, f

pā́rṣṇi (romanization)
पार्ष्णिः (nominative singular)
पार्ष्णी (dual nominative)
पार्ष्णयः (nominative plural)
पार्ष्णे (singular vocative)
पार्ष्णी (dual vocative)
पार्ष्णयः (plural vocative)
पार्ष्णिम् (accusative singular)
पार्ष्णी (accusative dual)
पार्ष्णीः (accusative plural)
पार्ष्ण्या (instrumental singular)
पार्ष्णी1 (instrumental singular)
पार्ष्णिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पार्ष्णिभिः (instrumental plural)
पार्ष्णये (dative singular)
पार्ष्ण्यै2 (dative singular)
पार्ष्णी1 (dative singular)
पार्ष्णिभ्याम् (dative dual)
पार्ष्णिभ्यः (dative plural)
पार्ष्णेः (ablative singular)
पार्ष्ण्याः2 (ablative singular)
पार्ष्ण्यै3 (ablative singular)
पार्ष्णिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पार्ष्णिभ्यः (ablative plural)
पार्ष्णेः (genitive singular)
पार्ष्ण्याः2 (genitive singular)
पार्ष्ण्यै3 (genitive singular)
पार्ष्ण्योः (dual genitive)
पार्ष्णीनाम् (genitive plural)
पार्ष्णौ (locative singular)
पार्ष्ण्याम्2 (locative singular)
पार्ष्णा1 (locative singular)
पार्ष्ण्योः (dual locative)
पार्ष्णिषु (locative plural)

Kalasha: paṣní

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *pā́rṣṇiṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pā́ršniš, from Proto-Indo-European *tpḗrsneh₂ (“heel”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πτέρνη (ptérnē), Latin perna, Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌶𐌽𐌰 (fairzna), Persian پاشنه (pâšne).

the extremity of the fore-axle to which the outside horses of a four-horse chariot are attached (the two inner horses being harnessed to the धुर् (dhúr), or chariot-pole)


क्लोमन्

klóman (romanization)
क्लोमा (nominative singular)
क्लोमानौ (dual nominative)
क्लोमाना1 (dual nominative)
क्लोमानः (nominative plural)
क्लोमन् (singular vocative)
क्लोमानौ (dual vocative)
क्लोमाना1 (dual vocative)
क्लोमानः (plural vocative)
क्लोमानम् (accusative singular)
क्लोमानौ (accusative dual)
क्लोमाना1 (accusative dual)
क्लोम्नः (accusative plural)
क्लोम्ना (instrumental singular)
क्लोमभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
क्लोमभिः (instrumental plural)
क्लोम्ने (dative singular)
क्लोमभ्याम् (dative dual)
क्लोमभ्यः (dative plural)
क्लोम्नः (ablative singular)
क्लोमभ्याम् (ablative dual)
क्लोमभ्यः (ablative plural)
क्लोम्नः (genitive singular)
क्लोम्नोः (dual genitive)
क्लोम्नाम् (genitive plural)
क्लोम्नि (locative singular)
क्लोमनि (locative singular)
क्लोमन्1 (locative singular)
क्लोम्नोः (dual locative)
क्लोमसु (locative plural)
क्लोम (nominative singular)
क्लोम्नी (dual nominative)
क्लोमनी (dual nominative)
क्लोमानि (nominative plural)
क्लोम1 (nominative plural)
क्लोमा1 (nominative plural)
क्लोमन् (singular vocative)
क्लोम (singular vocative)
क्लोम्नी (dual vocative)
क्लोमनी (dual vocative)
क्लोमानि (plural vocative)
क्लोम1 (plural vocative)
क्लोमा1 (plural vocative)
क्लोम (accusative singular)
क्लोम्नी (accusative dual)
क्लोमनी (accusative dual)
क्लोमानि (accusative plural)
क्लोम1 (accusative plural)
क्लोमा1 (accusative plural)
क्लोम्ना (instrumental singular)
क्लोमभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
क्लोमभिः (instrumental plural)
क्लोम्ने (dative singular)
क्लोमभ्याम् (dative dual)
क्लोमभ्यः (dative plural)
क्लोम्नः (ablative singular)
क्लोमभ्याम् (ablative dual)
क्लोमभ्यः (ablative plural)
क्लोम्नः (genitive singular)
क्लोम्नोः (dual genitive)
क्लोम्नाम् (genitive plural)
क्लोम्नि (locative singular)
क्लोमनि (locative singular)
क्लोमन्1 (locative singular)
क्लोम्नोः (dual locative)
क्लोमसु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: króma

From Proto-Indo-European *pléwmō. Compare Ancient Greek πλεύμων (pleúmōn), Latin pulmō, Old Church Slavonic плюща (pljušta). The shift *p > k is an innovation, possibly within Indo-Aryan.

हृदयात्ते परि क्लोम्नो हलीक्ष्णात्पार्श्वाभ्याम् ।
यक्ष्मं मतस्नाभ्यां प्लीह्नो यक्नस्ते वि वृहामसि ॥
hṛdayātte pari klomno halīkṣṇātpārśvābhyām.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 2.33.3

Forth from thy heart and from thy lungs, from thy gall-bladder and thy sides,
From kidneys, spleen and liver thy malady we uproot.

yakṣmaṃ matasnābhyāṃ plīhno yaknaste vi vṛhāmasi.


पायु

pā́yu (romanization)
पायुः (nominative singular)
पायू (dual nominative)
पायवः (nominative plural)
पायो (singular vocative)
पायू (dual vocative)
पायवः (plural vocative)
पायुम् (accusative singular)
पायू (accusative dual)
पायून् (accusative plural)
पायुना (instrumental singular)
पाय्वा1 (instrumental singular)
पायुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पायुभिः (instrumental plural)
पायवे (dative singular)
पाय्वे1 (dative singular)
पायुभ्याम् (dative dual)
पायुभ्यः (dative plural)
पायोः (ablative singular)
पाय्वः1 (ablative singular)
पायुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पायुभ्यः (ablative plural)
पायोः (genitive singular)
पाय्वः1 (genitive singular)
पाय्वोः (dual genitive)
पायूनाम् (genitive plural)
पायौ (locative singular)
पाय्वोः (dual locative)
पायुषु (locative plural)


पर्दते

sa-verb

पर्दते • (pardate) third-singular indicative (class 1, type A, root पर्द्)

pardate (romanization)
पर्द् (root)
पर्दते (present)
पर्दते (indicative singular third-person)
पर्देते (dual indicative third-person)
पर्दन्ते (indicative plural third-person)
पर्दसे (indicative second-person singular)
पर्देथे (dual indicative second-person)
पर्दध्वे (indicative plural second-person)
पर्दे (first-person indicative singular)
पर्दावहे (dual first-person indicative)
पर्दामहे (first-person indicative plural)
पर्दताम् (imperative singular third-person)
पर्देताम् (dual imperative third-person)
पर्दन्ताम् (imperative plural third-person)
पर्दस्व (imperative second-person singular)
पर्देथाम् (dual imperative second-person)
पर्दध्वम् (imperative plural second-person)
पर्दै (first-person imperative singular)
पर्दावहै (dual first-person imperative)
पर्दामहै (first-person imperative plural)
पर्देत (imperative singular third-person)
पर्देयाताम् (dual imperative third-person)
पर्देरन् (imperative plural third-person)
पर्देथाः (imperative second-person singular)
पर्देयाथाम् (dual imperative second-person)
पर्देध्वम् (imperative plural second-person)
पर्देय (first-person imperative singular)
पर्देवहि (dual first-person imperative)
पर्देमहि (first-person imperative plural)
पर्दाते (singular subjunctive third-person)
पर्दातै (singular subjunctive third-person)
पर्दैते (dual subjunctive third-person)
पर्दन्त (plural subjunctive third-person)
पर्दान्तै (plural subjunctive third-person)
पर्दासे (second-person singular subjunctive)
पर्दासै (second-person singular subjunctive)
पर्दैथे (dual second-person subjunctive)
पर्दाध्वै (plural second-person subjunctive)
पर्दै (first-person singular subjunctive)
पर्दावहै (dual first-person subjunctive)
पर्दामहै (first-person plural subjunctive)
पर्दमान (participle)
पर्दत (imperfect)
पर्दत (indicative singular third-person)
पर्देताम् (dual indicative third-person)
पर्दन्त (indicative plural third-person)
पर्दथाः (indicative second-person singular)
पर्देथाम् (dual indicative second-person)
पर्दध्वम् (indicative plural second-person)
पर्दे (first-person indicative singular)
पर्दावहि (dual first-person indicative)
पर्दामहि (first-person indicative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: पदुन् (padun)

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: පඩිනවා (paḍinawā)

Khasa Prakrit:

Nepali: पाद्नु (pādnu)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: পাদ (pad)

Bengali: পাদা (pada)

Maithili: pādab

Devanagari script: पादब

Tirhuta script: 𑒣𑒰𑒠𑒥

desc

Odia: ପାଡ଼ିବା (pāṛibā)

Odia: ପାଡ଼ିବା (pāṛibā)

Sylheti: ꠙꠣꠖꠣ (fada)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: pādce

Devanagari script: पाद्चे

Kannada script: ಪಾದ್ಚೆ

Latin script: padce

Marathi: पादणे (pādṇe)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: paddaṇā

Gurmukhi script: ਪੱਦਣਾ

Shahmukhi script: پَدّݨا

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi:

Arabic script: پَڏَڻُ

Devanagari script: पॾणु

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gurjara Apabhramsa:

Gujarati: પાદવું (pādvũ)

Marwari: पादणौ (pādṇau)

Sauraseni Apabhramsa:

Hindustani: pādnā

Hindi: पादना (pādnā)

Urdu: پَادْنَا (pādnā)

Urdu: پَادْنَا (pādnā)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *párdatay, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *párdatay, from Proto-Indo-European *pérdetor, from *perd- (“to fart”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πέρδομαι (pérdomai), Lithuanian pérsti, Old English feortan (whence fart).


शुप्ति

śúpti (romanization)
शुप्तिः (nominative singular)
शुप्ती (dual nominative)
शुप्तयः (nominative plural)
शुप्ते (singular vocative)
शुप्ती (dual vocative)
शुप्तयः (plural vocative)
शुप्तिम् (accusative singular)
शुप्ती (accusative dual)
शुप्तीः (accusative plural)
शुप्त्या (instrumental singular)
शुप्ती1 (instrumental singular)
शुप्तिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शुप्तिभिः (instrumental plural)
शुप्तये (dative singular)
शुप्त्यै2 (dative singular)
शुप्ती1 (dative singular)
शुप्तिभ्याम् (dative dual)
शुप्तिभ्यः (dative plural)
शुप्तेः (ablative singular)
शुप्त्याः2 (ablative singular)
शुप्त्यै3 (ablative singular)
शुप्तिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शुप्तिभ्यः (ablative plural)
शुप्तेः (genitive singular)
शुप्त्याः2 (genitive singular)
शुप्त्यै3 (genitive singular)
शुप्त्योः (dual genitive)
शुप्तीनाम् (genitive plural)
शुप्तौ (locative singular)
शुप्त्याम्2 (locative singular)
शुप्ता1 (locative singular)
शुप्त्योः (dual locative)
शुप्तिषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćúptiš, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱúp-ti-s. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬎𐬞𐬙𐬌 (supti).


नासा

nā́sā (romanization)
नासा (nominative singular)
नासे (dual nominative)
नासाः (nominative plural)
नासे (singular vocative)
नासे (dual vocative)
नासाः (plural vocative)
नासाम् (accusative singular)
नासे (accusative dual)
नासाः (accusative plural)
नासया (instrumental singular)
नासा1 (instrumental singular)
नासाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नासाभिः (instrumental plural)
नासायै (dative singular)
नासाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नासाभ्यः (dative plural)
नासायाः (ablative singular)
नासायै2 (ablative singular)
नासाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नासाभ्यः (ablative plural)
नासायाः (genitive singular)
नासायै2 (genitive singular)
नासयोः (dual genitive)
नासानाम् (genitive plural)
नासायाम् (locative singular)
नासयोः (dual locative)
नासासु (locative plural)

Pali: nāsā

Punjabi: ਨਾਸ (nās, “nostril”)

Kashmiri: نَس (nas), नस (nas)

/ˈn̪ɑː.s̪ɑː/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *náHsaH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *náHsaH, from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s- (“nose”). Cognate with Latin nāsus (“nose”), Russian нос (nos), Old English nosu (whence English nose).

a plant of species Justicia gendarussa (syn. Gendarussa vulgaris)


कोश

kóśa (romanization)
कोशः (nominative singular)
कोशौ (dual nominative)
कोशा1 (dual nominative)
कोशाः (nominative plural)
कोशासः1 (nominative plural)
कोश (singular vocative)
कोशौ (dual vocative)
कोशा1 (dual vocative)
कोशाः (plural vocative)
कोशासः1 (plural vocative)
कोशम् (accusative singular)
कोशौ (accusative dual)
कोशा1 (accusative dual)
कोशान् (accusative plural)
कोशेन (instrumental singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कोशैः (instrumental plural)
कोशेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कोशाय (dative singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कोशेभ्यः (dative plural)
कोशात् (ablative singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कोशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कोशस्य (genitive singular)
कोशयोः (dual genitive)
कोशानाम् (genitive plural)
कोशे (locative singular)
कोशयोः (dual locative)
कोशेषु (locative plural)
कोशम् (nominative singular)
कोशे (dual nominative)
कोशानि (nominative plural)
कोशा1 (nominative plural)
कोश (singular vocative)
कोशे (dual vocative)
कोशानि (plural vocative)
कोशा1 (plural vocative)
कोशम् (accusative singular)
कोशे (accusative dual)
कोशानि (accusative plural)
कोशा1 (accusative plural)
कोशेन (instrumental singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कोशैः (instrumental plural)
कोशेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कोशाय (dative singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कोशेभ्यः (dative plural)
कोशात् (ablative singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कोशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कोशस्य (genitive singular)
कोशयोः (dual genitive)
कोशानाम् (genitive plural)
कोशे (locative singular)
कोशयोः (dual locative)
कोशेषु (locative plural)

→ Assamese: কোশ (küx)

→ Bengali: কোশ (kōś), কোষ (kōś)

→ English: kosha

→ Hindi: कोश (koś)

→ Malay: kosa

Indonesian: kosa

Nepali: कोश् (koś) / कोसो (koso)

→ Odia: କୋଷ (kosha)

Sindhi: ڪوشُ

→ Tamil: கோசம் (kōcam)

→ Telugu: కోశము (kōśamu)

→ Thai: โกศ (gòot)

Pali: kosa

→ Punjabi: ਕੋਸ਼ (koś, “store, glossary, lexicon”)

Probably from the verb कुश्यति (kuśyati, “to embrace, enfold”), related to कुक्षि (kukṣí, “belly, interior”) and कोष्ठ (koṣṭha, “viscera of the body”), or from Proto-Indo-Iranian *káwćas, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kówH-ḱo-s. Compare Kamkata-viri kuć, kyuć, Lithuanian káušas.


मल

mála (romanization)
m in later language (also)
मलम् (nominative singular)
मले (dual nominative)
मलानि (nominative plural)
मला1 (nominative plural)
मल (singular vocative)
मले (dual vocative)
मलानि (plural vocative)
मला1 (plural vocative)
मलम् (accusative singular)
मले (accusative dual)
मलानि (accusative plural)
मला1 (accusative plural)
मलेन (instrumental singular)
मलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मलैः (instrumental plural)
मलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मलाय (dative singular)
मलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मलेभ्यः (dative plural)
मलात् (ablative singular)
मलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मलस्य (genitive singular)
मलयोः (dual genitive)
मलानाम् (genitive plural)
मले (locative singular)
मलयोः (dual locative)
मलेषु (locative plural)
मलः (nominative singular)
मलौ (dual nominative)
मला1 (dual nominative)
मलाः (nominative plural)
मलासः1 (nominative plural)
मल (singular vocative)
मलौ (dual vocative)
मला1 (dual vocative)
मलाः (plural vocative)
मलासः1 (plural vocative)
मलम् (accusative singular)
मलौ (accusative dual)
मला1 (accusative dual)
मलान् (accusative plural)
मलेन (instrumental singular)
मलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मलैः (instrumental plural)
मलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मलाय (dative singular)
मलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मलेभ्यः (dative plural)
मलात् (ablative singular)
मलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मलस्य (genitive singular)
मलयोः (dual genitive)
मलानाम् (genitive plural)
मले (locative singular)
मलयोः (dual locative)
मलेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *málas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *málas, from Proto-Indo-European *mélh₂-os, from *melh₂- (“black”). Cognate with Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas), Old Prussian melne.

(medicine) any bodily excretion or secretion (especially those of the dhatus, described as phlegm from chyle, bile from the blood, nose mucus and ear wax from the flesh, perspiration from the fat, nails and hair from the bones, rheum of the eye from the brain)


मणि

maṇí (romanization)
मणिः (nominative singular)
मणी (dual nominative)
मणयः (nominative plural)
मणे (singular vocative)
मणी (dual vocative)
मणयः (plural vocative)
मणिम् (accusative singular)
मणी (accusative dual)
मणीन् (accusative plural)
मणिना (instrumental singular)
मण्या1 (instrumental singular)
मणिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मणिभिः (instrumental plural)
मणये (dative singular)
मणिभ्याम् (dative dual)
मणिभ्यः (dative plural)
मणेः (ablative singular)
मण्यः1 (ablative singular)
मणिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मणिभ्यः (ablative plural)
मणेः (genitive singular)
मण्यः1 (genitive singular)
मण्योः (dual genitive)
मणीनाम् (genitive plural)
मणौ (locative singular)
मणा1 (locative singular)
मण्योः (dual locative)
मणिषु (locative plural)

Pali: maṇi

→ Burmese: မဏိ (ma.ni.)

→ Hindi: मणि (maṇi)

→ Malayalam: മണി (maṇi)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: maṇi, maṇik
Javanese: ꦩꦤꦶꦏ꧀ (manik)
→ Balinese: ᬫᬡᬷᬓ᭄ (manik)

→ Tamil: மணி (maṇi)

→ Telugu: మణి (maṇi)

→ Urdu: منی (manī)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *maníṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *maníš, from Proto-Indo-European *mon-is (“ornament, jewel”), from *mon- (“neck”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬎-𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌 (zar^ənu-maⁱni, “with a golden neck ornament”), Latin monile (“jewel”), Old Norse men (“necklace”), Old English mene (“necklace”).

cog

𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬎-𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌

c. 600 BCE – 600 CE, Suśruta, Suśruta Saṃhitā


विहार

vihāra (romanization)
विहारः (nominative singular)
विहारौ (dual nominative)
विहारा1 (dual nominative)
विहाराः (nominative plural)
विहारासः1 (nominative plural)
विहार (singular vocative)
विहारौ (dual vocative)
विहारा1 (dual vocative)
विहाराः (plural vocative)
विहारासः1 (plural vocative)
विहारम् (accusative singular)
विहारौ (accusative dual)
विहारा1 (accusative dual)
विहारान् (accusative plural)
विहारेण (instrumental singular)
विहाराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विहारैः (instrumental plural)
विहारेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
विहाराय (dative singular)
विहाराभ्याम् (dative dual)
विहारेभ्यः (dative plural)
विहारात् (ablative singular)
विहाराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
विहारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
विहारस्य (genitive singular)
विहारयोः (dual genitive)
विहाराणाम् (genitive plural)
विहारे (locative singular)
विहारयोः (dual locative)
विहारेषु (locative plural)

Bengali: বিহার (bihar)

Hindi: बिहार (bihār)

→ English: vihara

→ Burmese: ဝိဟာရ (wi.hara.)

→ Khmer: វិហារ (vihiə)

→ Javanese: ꦮꦶꦲꦫ (wihara)

→ Indonesian: wihara

→ Lao: ວິຫານ (wi hān)

→ Lü: ᦞᦲᦠᦱᧃ (viiḣaan)

→ Malay: biara

Indonesian: biara

→ Northern Thai: ᩅᩥᩉᩣ᩠ᩁ

Sinhalese: විහාර (wihāra)

→ Thai: วิหาร (wí-hǎan)

From वि- (vi-, suffix indicating distribution, opposition or arrangement) + हार (hāra, “bearing, carrying”, from हर (hara)).

af

from <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">हर</i> (hara)

(at the end of a compound) delighting in


अपस्मार

apasmāra (romanization)
अपस्मारः (nominative singular)
अपस्मारौ (dual nominative)
अपस्माराः (nominative plural)
अपस्मार (singular vocative)
अपस्मारौ (dual vocative)
अपस्माराः (plural vocative)
अपस्मारम् (accusative singular)
अपस्मारौ (accusative dual)
अपस्मारान् (accusative plural)
अपस्मारेण (instrumental singular)
अपस्माराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अपस्मारैः (instrumental plural)
अपस्माराय (dative singular)
अपस्माराभ्याम् (dative dual)
अपस्मारेभ्यः (dative plural)
अपस्मारात् (ablative singular)
अपस्माराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अपस्मारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अपस्मारस्य (genitive singular)
अपस्मारयोः (dual genitive)
अपस्माराणाम् (genitive plural)
अपस्मारे (locative singular)
अपस्मारयोः (dual locative)
अपस्मारेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of अपस्मार

अपस्माराभ्याम्

अपस्माराभ्याम्

अपस्मारेभ्यः

अपस्माराभ्याम्

अपस्मारेभ्यः

अपस्माराणाम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

अपस्माराभ्याम्

अपस्माराभ्याम्

अपस्मारेभ्यः

अपस्माराभ्याम्

अपस्मारेभ्यः

अपस्माराणाम्

Hindi: अपस्मार (apasmār)

→ Tocharian B: apasmār


गञ्जा

gañjā (romanization)
गञ्जा (nominative singular)
गञ्जे (dual nominative)
गञ्जाः (nominative plural)
गञ्जे (singular vocative)
गञ्जे (dual vocative)
गञ्जाः (plural vocative)
गञ्जाम् (accusative singular)
गञ्जे (accusative dual)
गञ्जाः (accusative plural)
गञ्जया (instrumental singular)
गञ्जाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गञ्जाभिः (instrumental plural)
गञ्जायै (dative singular)
गञ्जाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गञ्जाभ्यः (dative plural)
गञ्जायाः (ablative singular)
गञ्जाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गञ्जाभ्यः (ablative plural)
गञ्जायाः (genitive singular)
गञ्जयोः (dual genitive)
गञ्जानाम् (genitive plural)
गञ्जायाम् (locative singular)
गञ्जयोः (dual locative)
गञ्जासु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ā-stem declension of गञ्जा

Bengali: গাঁজা (gãja)

Gujarati: ગાંજો (gā̃jo)

Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: गांजा (gāñjā), गाँजा (gāñjā)

Hindi: गांजा (gāñjā), गाँजा (gāñjā) (see there for further descendants)

Urdu: گَانْجَا (gānjā)

Urdu: گَانْجَا (gānjā)

Nepali: गाँजा (gā̃jā)

→ Indonesian: ganja

→ Kannada: ಗಾಂಜಾ (gāñjā)

→ Khmer: កញ្ឆា (kɑɑkɑñchaa)

→ Lao: ກັນຊາ (kan sā)

→ Malay: ganja

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਗਾਂਜਾ (gāñjā)

Shahmukhi script: گَانْجَا (gānjā)

→ Tamil: கஞ்சா (kañcā), கஞ்சாவை (kañcāvai)

→ Malayalam: കഞ്ചാവ് (kañcāvŭ)

→ Telugu: గంజాయి (gañjāyi)

→ Thai: กัญชา (gan-chaa)

→ Vietnamese: cần sa

/ˈɡɐɲ.d͡ʑɑː/

Unknown. Perhaps related to गृञ्ज (gṛñja, “type of plant”), गृञ्जन (gṛñjana, “turnip”), गार्जर (gārjara, “carrot”).


अङ्गुरि

aṅgúri (romanization)
अङ्गुरिः (nominative singular)
अङ्गुरी (dual nominative)
अङ्गुरयः (nominative plural)
अङ्गुरे (singular vocative)
अङ्गुरी (dual vocative)
अङ्गुरयः (plural vocative)
अङ्गुरिम् (accusative singular)
अङ्गुरी (accusative dual)
अङ्गुरीः (accusative plural)
अङ्गुर्या (instrumental singular)
अङ्गुरी1 (instrumental singular)
अङ्गुरिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अङ्गुरिभिः (instrumental plural)
अङ्गुरये (dative singular)
अङ्गुर्यै2 (dative singular)
अङ्गुरी1 (dative singular)
अङ्गुरिभ्याम् (dative dual)
अङ्गुरिभ्यः (dative plural)
अङ्गुरेः (ablative singular)
अङ्गुर्याः2 (ablative singular)
अङ्गुर्यै3 (ablative singular)
अङ्गुरिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अङ्गुरिभ्यः (ablative plural)
अङ्गुरेः (genitive singular)
अङ्गुर्याः2 (genitive singular)
अङ्गुर्यै3 (genitive singular)
अङ्गुर्योः (dual genitive)
अङ्गुरीणाम् (genitive plural)
अङ्गुरौ (locative singular)
अङ्गुर्याम्2 (locative singular)
अङ्गुरा1 (locative singular)
अङ्गुर्योः (dual locative)
अङ्गुरिषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hanguri-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng-ul- (“joint?”), *h₂engulos, from *h₂eng-, *ang- (“corner, hirn”). Cognates include Latin angulus (“corner, angle”), Old High German enchil (“ankle, joint”) and Old Church Slavonic ѫгълъ (ǫgŭlŭ, “angle”).


मस्त

masta (romanization)
मस्तः (nominative singular)
मस्तौ (dual nominative)
मस्ताः (nominative plural)
मस्त (singular vocative)
मस्तौ (dual vocative)
मस्ताः (plural vocative)
मस्तम् (accusative singular)
मस्तौ (accusative dual)
मस्तान् (accusative plural)
मस्तेन (instrumental singular)
मस्ताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मस्तैः (instrumental plural)
मस्ताय (dative singular)
मस्ताभ्याम् (dative dual)
मस्तेभ्यः (dative plural)
मस्तात् (ablative singular)
मस्ताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मस्तेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मस्तस्य (genitive singular)
मस्तयोः (dual genitive)
मस्तानाम् (genitive plural)
मस्ते (locative singular)
मस्तयोः (dual locative)
मस्तेषु (locative plural)
मस्तम् (nominative singular)
मस्ते (dual nominative)
मस्तानि (nominative plural)
मस्त (singular vocative)
मस्ते (dual vocative)
मस्तानि (plural vocative)
मस्तम् (accusative singular)
मस्ते (accusative dual)
मस्तानि (accusative plural)
मस्तेन (instrumental singular)
मस्ताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मस्तैः (instrumental plural)
मस्ताय (dative singular)
मस्ताभ्याम् (dative dual)
मस्तेभ्यः (dative plural)
मस्तात् (ablative singular)
मस्ताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मस्तेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मस्तस्य (genitive singular)
मस्तयोः (dual genitive)
मस्तानाम् (genitive plural)
मस्ते (locative singular)
मस्तयोः (dual locative)
मस्तेषु (locative plural)

Pali: mattha

Prakrit: 𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣 (mattha) (see there for further descendants)

दण्डकमण्डलुमण्डितहस्तः सुललिततिलकविभूषितमस्तः ।

His hands adorned with a stick and a kamandalu, his beautiful forehead decorated with a tilak […]


मुख

múkha (romanization)
मुखम् (nominative singular)
मुखे (dual nominative)
मुखानि (nominative plural)
मुखा1 (nominative plural)
मुख (singular vocative)
मुखे (dual vocative)
मुखानि (plural vocative)
मुखा1 (plural vocative)
मुखम् (accusative singular)
मुखे (accusative dual)
मुखानि (accusative plural)
मुखा1 (accusative plural)
मुखेन (instrumental singular)
मुखाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मुखैः (instrumental plural)
मुखेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मुखाय (dative singular)
मुखाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मुखेभ्यः (dative plural)
मुखात् (ablative singular)
मुखाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मुखेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मुखस्य (genitive singular)
मुखयोः (dual genitive)
मुखानाम् (genitive plural)
मुखे (locative singular)
मुखयोः (dual locative)
मुखेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Khowar: موخ (mux)

Shina: مُک (muk)

Assamese: মুহ (muh)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀳 (muha)

Old Marathi: 𑘦𑘳𑘮 (muha)

desctree

Pali: mukha
→ Burmese: မုခ် (muhk)
→ Shan: မုၵ်ႈ (mūk)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀳 (muha)

Gujarati: મોં (mõ)

Hindi: मुँह (mũh)

Punjabi: ਮੂੰਹ (mū̃h) / مُون٘ہہ (mūṉh)

Romani: muj

→ Assamese: মুখ (mukh)

→ Bengali: মুখ (mukh)

→ Gujarati: મુખ (mukh)

→ Hindi: मुख (mukh)

→ Kannada: ಮುಖ (mukha)

→ Khmer: មុខ (muk)

→ Malay: muka

Indonesian: muka

→ Malayalam: മുഖം (mukhaṁ)

→ Old Marathi: 𑘦𑘳𑘏 (mukha)
Marathi: मुख (mukh)

→ Nepali: मुख (mukh)

→ Punjabi: ਮੁਖ (mukh)

→ Marwari:

Devanagari script: मुखड़ौ (mukhṛau)

desc

Mahajani script: 𑅬𑅒𑅖𑅲𑅒 (mukhṛu /mukhṛau/)

→ Tamil: முகம் (mukam)

→ Tagalog: mukhâ

→ Telugu: ముఖము (mukhamu)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *múkʰam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *múkʰam, from earlier *múkHam, with further origin uncertain.
According to Pokorny, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian and not related to Proto-Indo-European *mū- (“lips, muzzle”) (Proto-Germanic *mūlō, English mutter, Latin muttiō).
However, Mayrhofer considers an Indo-European derivation to be more likely, taking Proto-Indo-European *mu- to mean "a vocal gesture for pressed lips", and compares Ancient Greek μῠχός (mukhós, “innermost part of a place”), μῦθος (mûthos, “word”), and German Maul (“mouth (of an animal)”). According to him, the possibility of a borrowing from Dravidian (compare Tamil முகம் (mukam, “face”)) or "pan-Asiatic" is possible but unlikely due to the root's presence in Vedic texts and Iranian languages.


मण्डल

máṇḍala (romanization)
मण्डलम् (nominative singular)
मण्डले (dual nominative)
मण्डलानि (nominative plural)
मण्डला1 (nominative plural)
मण्डल (singular vocative)
मण्डले (dual vocative)
मण्डलानि (plural vocative)
मण्डला1 (plural vocative)
मण्डलम् (accusative singular)
मण्डले (accusative dual)
मण्डलानि (accusative plural)
मण्डला1 (accusative plural)
मण्डलेन (instrumental singular)
मण्डलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मण्डलैः (instrumental plural)
मण्डलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मण्डलाय (dative singular)
मण्डलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मण्डलेभ्यः (dative plural)
मण्डलात् (ablative singular)
मण्डलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मण्डलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मण्डलस्य (genitive singular)
मण्डलयोः (dual genitive)
मण्डलानाम् (genitive plural)
मण्डले (locative singular)
मण्डलयोः (dual locative)
मण्डलेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: māṇḍal (“coffin”), māṇḍau

Kashmiri: manḍul (“circle”)

Devanagari script: मन्डुल

Arabic script: مانڈل

Pali: maṇḍala

Prakrit: 𑀫𑀁𑀟𑀮 (maṃḍala) (see there for further descendants)

→ Bengali: মণ্ডল (monḍol) (learned)

→ Hindi: मंडल (maṇḍal) (learned)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: maṇḍala
Javanese: ꦩꦤ꧀ꦝꦭ (mandhala), ꦩꦤ꧀ꦢꦭ (mandala)
→ Balinese: ᬫᬡ᭄ᬟᬮ (mandala)

→ Punjabi: ਮੰਡਲ (maṇḍal) (learned)

→ Tamil: மண்டலம் (maṇṭalam) (learned)

→ Thai: มณฑล (mon-ton)

/mɐ́ɳ.ɖɐ.lɐ/

/ˈmɐɳ.ɖɐ.l̪ɐ/

Unknown. Several theories have been proposed:
* Mayrhofer and Turner agree on *मण्ड (maṇḍa, “round”) + -ल (-la), based on the lexeme found in the Classical compounds नौमण्ड (naumaṇḍa, “chief part of a ship”), मण्डचरवन्त् (maṇḍacaravant, “as if going in a circle; having a noose (?)”). Further etymology is unknown, but Dardic descendants may support a non-retroflexed *मन्द (manda) as the ultimate source.
** Mayrhofer proposes the following Indo-European cognates: Proto-Slavic *mǫdo (“testicle”) if the retroflexion is spontaneous, or Old Irish mell (“ball”) (> modern Irish meall) if we assume l-induced retroflexion of *mel-nd- under Fortunatov's law.
** Burrow, later supported by Turner, proposes borrowing from Proto-Dravidian *maṇḍ- (“to be bent”), with cognates Tamil மண்டி (maṇṭi, “kneeling”), முடலை (muṭalai, “ball, globe”).
* Tedesco proposes वृत्त (vṛtta, “round”) + -ल (-la), undergoing Prakrit-like sound changes via ad-hoc intermediate *वट्टल (vaṭṭala) > *वण्टल (vaṇṭala) > *वण्डल (vaṇḍala). He furthermore proposes initial v- > m- as a common Middle Indo-Aryan sound change; see मुण्ड (muṇḍa, “bald”) for more. Turner rejects this etymology on phonological grounds.
* Borrowed from substrate language. Compare Nihali मौड्ढारी (moḍḍhārī, “triangle”), for the "triangle" sense in the Caturvargacintāmaṇi.

(also in the plural) a sort of cutaneous eruption or leprosy with circular spot


काल

kāla (romanization)
कालः (nominative singular)
कालौ (dual nominative)
काला1 (dual nominative)
कालाः (nominative plural)
कालासः1 (nominative plural)
काल (singular vocative)
कालौ (dual vocative)
काला1 (dual vocative)
कालाः (plural vocative)
कालासः1 (plural vocative)
कालम् (accusative singular)
कालौ (accusative dual)
काला1 (accusative dual)
कालान् (accusative plural)
कालेन (instrumental singular)
कालाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कालैः (instrumental plural)
कालेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कालाय (dative singular)
कालाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कालेभ्यः (dative plural)
कालात् (ablative singular)
कालाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कालेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कालस्य (genitive singular)
कालयोः (dual genitive)
कालानाम् (genitive plural)
काले (locative singular)
कालयोः (dual locative)
कालेषु (locative plural)

Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *kār; compare Tamil கார் (kār, “black”), கரு (karu), Kannada ಕಾಡು (kāḍu, “blackness, black”), ಕಪ್ಪು (kappu).