गङ्गा

gaṅgā (romanization)
गङ्गा (nominative singular)
गङ्गे (singular vocative)
गङ्गाम् (accusative singular)
गङ्गया (instrumental singular)
गङ्गा1 (instrumental singular)
गङ्गायै (dative singular)
गङ्गायाः (ablative singular)
गङ्गायै2 (ablative singular)
गङ्गायाः (genitive singular)
गङ्गायै2 (genitive singular)
गङ्गायाम् (locative singular)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Γάγγης (Gángēs)
Greek: Γάγγης (Gángis)
→ Latin: Gangēs
→ English: Ganges
French: Gange
→ Arabic: الْغَانْج (al-ḡānj)
→ Iranian Persian: گانْژ (gânž)
→ Turkish: Ganj
Italian: Gange
→ Polish: Ganges
Portuguese: Ganges
Spanish: Ganges
→ Old Armenian: Գանգէս (Gangēs)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀕𑀁𑀕𑀸 (gaṃgā)

Old Awadhi: 𑂏𑂰𑂀𑂏 (gām̐ga)

→ Assamese: গংগা (goṅga)

→ Bengali: গঙ্গা (goṅga)

→ Czech: Ganga

→ Dhivehi: ގަންގާ (gan̊gā)

→ Gujarati: ગંગા (gaṅgā)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: गंगा (gaṅgā)

Urdu: گَن٘گا (gaṅgā)

→ Kannada: ಗಂಗಾ (gaṅgā)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Early Assamese: গাঙ্গ (gaṅgo)

Assamese: গাং (gaṅ)

Bengali: গাং (gaṅ)

Chakma: 𑄉𑄧𑄋 (gaṅā)

Sylheti: ꠉꠣꠋ (gaṅ)

→ Malayalam: ഗംഗ (gaṅga)

→ Marathi: गंगा (gaṅgā)

→ Middle Chinese: 恆伽 (MC hong gja)

Chinese: 恆伽 /恒伽 (Hénggā)

→ Japanese: 恒河 (こうが, kōga)

→ Korean: 항하 (hangha) (恒河)

→ Vietnamese: Hằng

→ Middle Persian:

Classical Persian: گَنْگ (gang)

Iranian Persian: گَنْگ (gang)

Tajik: Ганг (Gang)

→ Arabic: الْكَنْك (al-kank)

→ Ottoman Turkish: كنك (Geng)

Turkish: Geng

→ Old Javanese:

Javanese: ꦒꦁꦒ (gangga)

→ Old Tamil:

Tamil: கங்கை (kaṅkai)

→ Odia: ଗଙ୍ଗା (gaṅgā)

Pali: gaṅgā

→ Burmese: ဂင်္ဂါ (gangga)

→ Khmer: គង្គា (kŭəngkiə)

→ Lao: ກັງກາ (kang kā)

→ Thai: คงคา (kong-kaa)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਗੰਗਾ (gaṅgā)

Shahmukhi script: گَن٘گا (gaṉgā)

→ Sindhi: گنگا

→ Sinhalese: ගංගා (gaṁgā)

→ Telugu: గంగ (gaṅga)

Probably from the root गम् (gam, “to go, move”), literally meaning "swift-goer". If a folk etymology, perhaps alternatively of substrate origin.


सरस्वती

sárasvatī (romanization)
सरस्वती (nominative singular)
सरस्वति (singular vocative)
सरस्वतीम् (accusative singular)
सरस्वत्या (instrumental singular)
सरस्वत्यै (dative singular)
सरस्वत्याः (ablative singular)
सरस्वत्यै1 (ablative singular)
सरस्वत्याः (genitive singular)
सरस्वत्यै1 (genitive singular)
सरस्वत्याम् (locative singular)

/s̪ɐ.ɾɐs̪.ʋɐ.t̪iː/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *SáraswatiH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *SáraswatiH, from Proto-Indo-European *sélos. Equivalent to सरस् (sáras, “pond”) + -वती (-vatī, “-ful”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬑𐬬𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬍 (haraxvaⁱtī), a region described to be rich in rivers, Old Persian 𐏃𐎼𐎢𐎺𐎫 (h-r-u-v-t /harauvati/), the Helmand river system.

cog

प्र क्षोद॑सा॒ धाय॑सा सस्र ए॒षा सर॑स्वती ध॒रुण॒माय॑सी॒ पूः ।
प्र॒बाब॑धाना र॒थ्ये॑व याति॒ विश्वा॑ अ॒पो म॑हि॒ना सिन्धु॑र॒न्याः ॥
prá kṣódasā dhā́yasā sasra eṣā́ sárasvatī dharúṇamā́yasī pū́ḥ.
prabā́badhānā rathyèva yāti víśvā apó mahinā́ síndhuranyā́ḥ.

This Sarasvatī, firm as a city made of metal, flows rapidly with all sustaining water, sweeping away in it might all other waters, as a charioteer clears the road.

(history, geography) the Saraswati river, of which only a small stream remains as the Ghaggar River


मणि

maṇí (romanization)
मणिः (nominative singular)
मणी (dual nominative)
मणयः (nominative plural)
मणे (singular vocative)
मणी (dual vocative)
मणयः (plural vocative)
मणिम् (accusative singular)
मणी (accusative dual)
मणीन् (accusative plural)
मणिना (instrumental singular)
मण्या1 (instrumental singular)
मणिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मणिभिः (instrumental plural)
मणये (dative singular)
मणिभ्याम् (dative dual)
मणिभ्यः (dative plural)
मणेः (ablative singular)
मण्यः1 (ablative singular)
मणिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मणिभ्यः (ablative plural)
मणेः (genitive singular)
मण्यः1 (genitive singular)
मण्योः (dual genitive)
मणीनाम् (genitive plural)
मणौ (locative singular)
मणा1 (locative singular)
मण्योः (dual locative)
मणिषु (locative plural)

Pali: maṇi

→ Burmese: မဏိ (ma.ni.)

→ Hindi: मणि (maṇi)

→ Malayalam: മണി (maṇi)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: maṇi, maṇik
Javanese: ꦩꦤꦶꦏ꧀ (manik)
→ Balinese: ᬫᬡᬷᬓ᭄ (manik)

→ Tamil: மணி (maṇi)

→ Telugu: మణి (maṇi)

→ Urdu: منی (manī)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *maníṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *maníš, from Proto-Indo-European *mon-is (“ornament, jewel”), from *mon- (“neck”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬎-𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌 (zar^ənu-maⁱni, “with a golden neck ornament”), Latin monile (“jewel”), Old Norse men (“necklace”), Old English mene (“necklace”).

cog

𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬎-𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

jewel, gem, pearl; any ornament or amulet, globule, crystal


मण्डल

मण्ड॑ल (canonical)
máṇḍala (romanization)
मण्डलम् (nominative singular)
मण्डले (dual nominative)
मण्डलानि (nominative plural)
मण्डला1 (nominative plural)
मण्डल (singular vocative)
मण्डले (dual vocative)
मण्डलानि (plural vocative)
मण्डला1 (plural vocative)
मण्डलम् (accusative singular)
मण्डले (accusative dual)
मण्डलानि (accusative plural)
मण्डला1 (accusative plural)
मण्डलेन (instrumental singular)
मण्डलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मण्डलैः (instrumental plural)
मण्डलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मण्डलाय (dative singular)
मण्डलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मण्डलेभ्यः (dative plural)
मण्डलात् (ablative singular)
मण्डलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मण्डलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मण्डलस्य (genitive singular)
मण्डलयोः (dual genitive)
मण्डलानाम् (genitive plural)
मण्डले (locative singular)
मण्डलयोः (dual locative)
मण्डलेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: māṇḍal (“coffin”), māṇḍau

Kashmiri:

Arabic script: مانڈُل (mānḍul)

desc

Devanagari script: मन्डुल (manḍul, “circle”)

Pali: maṇḍala

Prakrit: 𑀫𑀁𑀟𑀮 (maṃḍala) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed terms

→ Bengali: মণ্ডল (monḍol) (learned)

→ Hindi: मंडल (maṇḍal) (learned)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: maṇḍala
Javanese: ꦩꦤ꧀ꦝꦭ (mandhala), ꦩꦤ꧀ꦢꦭ (mandala)
→ Balinese: ᬫᬡ᭄ᬟᬮ (mandala)

→ Punjabi: ਮੰਡਲ (maṇḍal) (learned)

→ Tamil: மண்டலம் (maṇṭalam) (learned)

→ Thai: มณฑล (mon-ton)

/mɐ́ɳ.ɖɐ.lɐ/

/mɐɳ.ɖɐ.l̪ɐ/

Etymology tree
Sanskrit *मण्ड (maṇḍa)?
Sanskrit -ल (-la)?
Sanskrit मण्ड॑ल (máṇḍala)
Unknown. Several theories have been proposed:
* Mayrhofer and Turner agree on *मण्ड (maṇḍa, “round”) + -ल (-la), based on the lexeme found in the Classical compounds नौमण्ड (naumaṇḍa, “chief part of a ship”), मण्डचरवन्त् (maṇḍacaravant, “as if going in a circle; having a noose (?)”). Further etymology is unknown, but Dardic descendants may support a non-retroflexed *मन्द (manda) as the ultimate source.
** Mayrhofer proposes the following Indo-European cognates: Proto-Slavic *mǫdo (“testicle”) if the retroflexion is spontaneous, or Old Irish mell (“ball”) (> modern Irish meall) if we assume l-induced retroflexion of *mel-nd- under Fortunatov's law.
** Burrow, later supported by Turner, proposes borrowing from Proto-Dravidian *maṇḍ- (“to be bent”), with cognates Tamil மண்டி (maṇṭi, “kneeling”), முடலை (muṭalai, “ball, globe”).
* Tedesco proposes वृत्त (vṛtta, “round”) + -ल (-la), undergoing Prakrit-like sound changes via ad-hoc intermediate *वट्टल (vaṭṭala) > *वण्टल (vaṇṭala) > *वण्डल (vaṇḍala). He furthermore proposes initial v- > m- as a common Middle Indo-Aryan sound change; see मुण्ड (muṇḍa, “bald”) for more. Turner rejects this etymology on phonological grounds.
* Borrowed from substrate language. Compare Nihali मौड्ढारी (moḍḍhārī, “triangle”), for the "triangle" sense in the Caturvargacintāmaṇi.

etymon

मण्ड॑ल

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

(geography) district, arrondissement, territory, province, country

maṇḍalin

मण्डलिन् (maṇḍalin, “chief, leader”, literally “possessor of the territory”)


रुधिर

rudhirá (romanization)
रुधिरः (nominative singular)
रुधिरौ (dual nominative)
रुधिरा1 (dual nominative)
रुधिराः (nominative plural)
रुधिरासः1 (nominative plural)
रुधिर (singular vocative)
रुधिरौ (dual vocative)
रुधिरा1 (dual vocative)
रुधिराः (plural vocative)
रुधिरासः1 (plural vocative)
रुधिरम् (accusative singular)
रुधिरौ (accusative dual)
रुधिरा1 (accusative dual)
रुधिरान् (accusative plural)
रुधिरेण (instrumental singular)
रुधिराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रुधिरैः (instrumental plural)
रुधिरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
रुधिराय (dative singular)
रुधिराभ्याम् (dative dual)
रुधिरेभ्यः (dative plural)
रुधिरात् (ablative singular)
रुधिराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रुधिरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रुधिरस्य (genitive singular)
रुधिरयोः (dual genitive)
रुधिराणाम् (genitive plural)
रुधिरे (locative singular)
रुधिरयोः (dual locative)
रुधिरेषु (locative plural)
रुधिरा (nominative singular)
रुधिरे (dual nominative)
रुधिराः (nominative plural)
रुधिरे (singular vocative)
रुधिरे (dual vocative)
रुधिराः (plural vocative)
रुधिराम् (accusative singular)
रुधिरे (accusative dual)
रुधिराः (accusative plural)
रुधिरया (instrumental singular)
रुधिरा1 (instrumental singular)
रुधिराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रुधिराभिः (instrumental plural)
रुधिरायै (dative singular)
रुधिराभ्याम् (dative dual)
रुधिराभ्यः (dative plural)
रुधिरायाः (ablative singular)
रुधिरायै2 (ablative singular)
रुधिराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रुधिराभ्यः (ablative plural)
रुधिरायाः (genitive singular)
रुधिरायै2 (genitive singular)
रुधिरयोः (dual genitive)
रुधिराणाम् (genitive plural)
रुधिरायाम् (locative singular)
रुधिरयोः (dual locative)
रुधिरासु (locative plural)
रुधिरम् (nominative singular)
रुधिरे (dual nominative)
रुधिराणि (nominative plural)
रुधिरा1 (nominative plural)
रुधिर (singular vocative)
रुधिरे (dual vocative)
रुधिराणि (plural vocative)
रुधिरा1 (plural vocative)
रुधिरम् (accusative singular)
रुधिरे (accusative dual)
रुधिराणि (accusative plural)
रुधिरा1 (accusative plural)
रुधिरेण (instrumental singular)
रुधिराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रुधिरैः (instrumental plural)
रुधिरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
रुधिराय (dative singular)
रुधिराभ्याम् (dative dual)
रुधिरेभ्यः (dative plural)
रुधिरात् (ablative singular)
रुधिराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रुधिरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रुधिरस्य (genitive singular)
रुधिरयोः (dual genitive)
रुधिराणाम् (genitive plural)
रुधिरे (locative singular)
रुधिरयोः (dual locative)
रुधिरेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hrudʰrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrudʰrás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰrós (“red”), from *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬙𐬀- (raoⁱδita-), Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós) Latin ruber, Tocharian A rtär, Tocharian B ratre, Old Church Slavonic рудъ (rudŭ), Lithuanian raúdas, Old English rēad (whence English red).
The epenthesis of -i- from expected *rudhrá is due to influence by रुधिक्रा (rudhikrā́).


वज्र

vájra (romanization)
वज्रम् (nominative singular)
वज्रे (dual nominative)
वज्राणि (nominative plural)
वज्रा1 (nominative plural)
वज्र (singular vocative)
वज्रे (dual vocative)
वज्राणि (plural vocative)
वज्रा1 (plural vocative)
वज्रम् (accusative singular)
वज्रे (accusative dual)
वज्राणि (accusative plural)
वज्रा1 (accusative plural)
वज्रेण (instrumental singular)
वज्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वज्रैः (instrumental plural)
वज्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वज्राय (dative singular)
वज्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
वज्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
वज्रात् (ablative singular)
वज्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वज्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वज्रस्य (genitive singular)
वज्रयोः (dual genitive)
वज्राणाम् (genitive plural)
वज्रे (locative singular)
वज्रयोः (dual locative)
वज्रेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *wáȷ́ras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wáȷ́ras, from Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“strong, lively”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬰𐬭𐬀 (vazra, “mace; main weapon of Mithra”), Persian گرز (“club, mace”), Northern Sami: veahčir (“hammer”), Erzya: узере (uzere, “axe”). Compare also Old Armenian վարզ (varz, “mace”), an Iranian borrowing.

cog

वाक्यवज्र वाक्यवज्र#Sanskrit

वाग्वज्र वाग्वज्र#Sanskrit

denunciation in strong language (compared to thunder) (R., Sāh., Pratāp.) (compare वाक्यवज्र (vākya-vajra) and वाग्वज्र (vāg-vajra))


रत्न

rátna (romanization)
रत्नम् (nominative singular)
रत्ने (dual nominative)
रत्नानि (nominative plural)
रत्ना1 (nominative plural)
रत्न (singular vocative)
रत्ने (dual vocative)
रत्नानि (plural vocative)
रत्ना1 (plural vocative)
रत्नम् (accusative singular)
रत्ने (accusative dual)
रत्नानि (accusative plural)
रत्ना1 (accusative plural)
रत्नेन (instrumental singular)
रत्नाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रत्नैः (instrumental plural)
रत्नेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
रत्नाय (dative singular)
रत्नाभ्याम् (dative dual)
रत्नेभ्यः (dative plural)
रत्नात् (ablative singular)
रत्नाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रत्नेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रत्नस्य (genitive singular)
रत्नयोः (dual genitive)
रत्नानाम् (genitive plural)
रत्ने (locative singular)
रत्नयोः (dual locative)
रत्नेषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: रत्न (ratna)

→ Malayalam: രത്നം (ratnaṁ)

→ Marathi: रत्न (ratna)

→ Nepali: रत्न (ratna)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: ratna
> Javanese: ꦫꦠ꧀ꦤ (ratna), ꦉꦠ꧀ꦤ (retna) (inherited)

Pali: ratana

→ Burmese: ရတနာ (ra.ta.na)

→ Khmer: រត្ន (rɔɔrŭətnɔɔ)

→ Thai: รัตนะ (rát-dtà-ná)

→ Punjabi: ਰਤਨ (ratan)

desc

→ Tamil: இரத்தினம் (irattiṉam), ரத்தினம் (rattiṉam)

→ Telugu: రత్నము (ratnamu)

गोमेद गोमेद#Sanskrit

jewel, gem, treasure, precious stone (the nine jewel are pearl, ruby, topaz, diamond, emerald, lapis lazuli, coral, sapphire, गोमेद (gomeda); hence ratna is a name for the number 9; but according to some 14) (Mn. MBh. etc.)


नेत्र

netra (romanization)
नेत्रम् (nominative singular)
नेत्रे (dual nominative)
नेत्राणि (nominative plural)
नेत्रा1 (nominative plural)
नेत्र (singular vocative)
नेत्रे (dual vocative)
नेत्राणि (plural vocative)
नेत्रा1 (plural vocative)
नेत्रम् (accusative singular)
नेत्रे (accusative dual)
नेत्राणि (accusative plural)
नेत्रा1 (accusative plural)
नेत्रेण (instrumental singular)
नेत्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नेत्रैः (instrumental plural)
नेत्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नेत्राय (dative singular)
नेत्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
नेत्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
नेत्रात् (ablative singular)
नेत्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नेत्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नेत्रस्य (genitive singular)
नेत्रयोः (dual genitive)
नेत्राणाम् (genitive plural)
नेत्रे (locative singular)
नेत्रयोः (dual locative)
नेत्रेषु (locative plural)
नेत्रः (nominative singular)
नेत्रौ (dual nominative)
नेत्रा1 (dual nominative)
नेत्राः (nominative plural)
नेत्रासः1 (nominative plural)
नेत्र (singular vocative)
नेत्रौ (dual vocative)
नेत्रा1 (dual vocative)
नेत्राः (plural vocative)
नेत्रासः1 (plural vocative)
नेत्रम् (accusative singular)
नेत्रौ (accusative dual)
नेत्रा1 (accusative dual)
नेत्रान् (accusative plural)
नेत्रेण (instrumental singular)
नेत्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नेत्रैः (instrumental plural)
नेत्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नेत्राय (dative singular)
नेत्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
नेत्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
नेत्रात् (ablative singular)
नेत्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नेत्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नेत्रस्य (genitive singular)
नेत्रयोः (dual genitive)
नेत्राणाम् (genitive plural)
नेत्रे (locative singular)
नेत्रयोः (dual locative)
नेत्रेषु (locative plural)

Pali: netta

→ Bengali: নেত্র (netro)

→ Hindi: नेत्र (netra)

→ Indonesian: netra

→ Malayalam: നേത്രം (nētraṁ)

→ Marathi:

Devanagari script: नेत्र (netra)

Modi script: 𑘡𑘹𑘝𑘿𑘨 (netra)

→ Odia: ନେତ୍ର (nētrå)

→ Telugu: నేత్రము (nētramu)


रामसेतु

rāmasetu (romanization)
रामसेतुः (nominative singular)
रामसेतू (dual nominative)
रामसेतवः (nominative plural)
रामसेतो (singular vocative)
रामसेतू (dual vocative)
रामसेतवः (plural vocative)
रामसेतुम् (accusative singular)
रामसेतू (accusative dual)
रामसेतून् (accusative plural)
रामसेतुना (instrumental singular)
रामसेतुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रामसेतुभिः (instrumental plural)
रामसेतवे (dative singular)
रामसेतुभ्याम् (dative dual)
रामसेतुभ्यः (dative plural)
रामसेतोः (ablative singular)
रामसेतुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रामसेतुभ्यः (ablative plural)
रामसेतोः (genitive singular)
रामसेत्वोः (dual genitive)
रामसेतूनाम् (genitive plural)
रामसेतौ (locative singular)
रामसेत्वोः (dual locative)
रामसेतुषु (locative plural)

Compound of राम (rāma, “Rama”) + सेतु (setu, “bridge”).


मरकत

marakata (romanization)
मरकतम् (nominative singular)
मरकते (dual nominative)
मरकतानि (nominative plural)
मरकत (singular vocative)
मरकते (dual vocative)
मरकतानि (plural vocative)
मरकतम् (accusative singular)
मरकते (accusative dual)
मरकतानि (accusative plural)
मरकतेन (instrumental singular)
मरकताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मरकतैः (instrumental plural)
मरकताय (dative singular)
मरकताभ्याम् (dative dual)
मरकतेभ्यः (dative plural)
मरकतात् (ablative singular)
मरकताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मरकतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मरकतस्य (genitive singular)
मरकतयोः (dual genitive)
मरकतानाम् (genitive plural)
मरकते (locative singular)
मरकतयोः (dual locative)
मरकतेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">मरकत</i>

Ashokan Prakrit:

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑀭𑀕𑀬 (maragaya)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀭𑀕𑀅 (maragaa)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀭𑀕𑀤 (maragada)

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: මරා (marā)

→ Hindi: मरकत (markat)

desc

→ Khmer: មរកត (mĕəʼrĕəʼkɑt)

→ Khmer: មរកត (mĕəʼrĕəʼkɑt)

→ Malayalam: മരതകം (maratakaṁ)

→ Mongolian:

Cyrillic script: маргад (margad)

Mongolian script: ᠮᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳ (marɣad)

→ Tamil: மரகதம் (marakatam)

→ Telugu: మరకతము (marakatamu)

→ Thai: มรกต (mɔɔ-rá-gòt)

→ Tibetan: མར་གད (mar gad)

From Semitic. See also Ancient Greek σμάραγδος (smáragdos).


नवरत्न

→ Burmese: နဝရတ် (na.wa.rat)

→ English: navaratna

→ Hindi: नवरत्न (navratna)

→ Khmer: នព្វរ័តន៍ (nuppĕəʼrŏət)

→ Khmer: នព្វរ័តន៍ (nuppĕəʼrŏət)

→ Thai: นพรัตน์

→ Thai: นพรัตน์

/n̪ɐ.ʋɐ.ɾɐt̪.n̪ɐ/

the nine precious gems (viz. pearl, ruby, topaz, diamond, emerald, lapis lazuli, coral, sapphire, and गो-मेध they are supposed to be related to the 9 planets) L. (cf. MWB. 528)

the 9 jewels (i.e. the 9 men of letters at the court of विक्रमादित्य, viz. धन्वन्तरि, क्षपणक, अमर-सिंह, शङ्कु, वेताल-भट्ट, घट-कर्पर, कालिदास, वर-रुचि, and वराह-मिहिर) L.


यमुना

yamunā (romanization)
यमुना (nominative singular)
यमुने (singular vocative)
यमुनाम् (accusative singular)
यमुनया (instrumental singular)
यमुना1 (instrumental singular)
यमुनायै (dative singular)
यमुनायाः (ablative singular)
यमुनायै2 (ablative singular)
यमुनायाः (genitive singular)
यमुनायै2 (genitive singular)
यमुनायाम् (locative singular)


मञ्जरी

From मञ्ज् (mañj, “to cleanse or be bright”).


मौक्तिक

mauktika (romanization)
मौक्तिकः (nominative singular)
मौक्तिकौ (dual nominative)
मौक्तिकाः (nominative plural)
मौक्तिक (singular vocative)
मौक्तिकौ (dual vocative)
मौक्तिकाः (plural vocative)
मौक्तिकम् (accusative singular)
मौक्तिकौ (accusative dual)
मौक्तिकान् (accusative plural)
मौक्तिकेन (instrumental singular)
मौक्तिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मौक्तिकैः (instrumental plural)
मौक्तिकाय (dative singular)
मौक्तिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मौक्तिकेभ्यः (dative plural)
मौक्तिकात् (ablative singular)
मौक्तिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मौक्तिकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मौक्तिकस्य (genitive singular)
मौक्तिकयोः (dual genitive)
मौक्तिकानाम् (genitive plural)
मौक्तिके (locative singular)
मौक्तिकयोः (dual locative)
मौक्तिकेषु (locative plural)
मौक्तिकम् (nominative singular)
मौक्तिके (dual nominative)
मौक्तिकानि (nominative plural)
मौक्तिक (singular vocative)
मौक्तिके (dual vocative)
मौक्तिकानि (plural vocative)
मौक्तिकम् (accusative singular)
मौक्तिके (accusative dual)
मौक्तिकानि (accusative plural)
मौक्तिकेन (instrumental singular)
मौक्तिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मौक्तिकैः (instrumental plural)
मौक्तिकाय (dative singular)
मौक्तिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मौक्तिकेभ्यः (dative plural)
मौक्तिकात् (ablative singular)
मौक्तिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मौक्तिकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मौक्तिकस्य (genitive singular)
मौक्तिकयोः (dual genitive)
मौक्तिकानाम् (genitive plural)
मौक्तिके (locative singular)
मौक्तिकयोः (dual locative)
मौक्तिकेषु (locative plural)

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀫𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀅 (mŏttia), 𑀫𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀅 (muttia), 𑀫𑁴𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬 (mŏttiya) — Jain Māhārāṣṭrī
Ahirani: मोती (motī)
Sauraseni Apabhramsa: मोत्तिउ (mottiu)
Braj: मोती (motī)
Hindustani: motī
Hindi: मोती
Urdu: موتِی (motī)
→? Tibetan: མུ་ཏིག (mu tig)
Assamese: মোতি (müti)
Middle Bengali: মুতি (muti)
Bengali: মোতি (mōti) (< Hindustani موتِی (motī) / मोती (motī))
Dogri: motī
Devanagari script: मोती
Dogra script: 𑠢𑠵𑠙𑠮
Old Gujarati: मोती (motī)
Gojri: موتی (motī)
Gujarati: મોતી (motī)
Malvi: मोती (motī)
Marwari:
Devanagari script: मोती (motī)
Mahajani script: 𑅬𑅔𑅣𑅑 (moti)
Kachchi: મોતી (motī)
Konkani: motī̃
Devanagari script: मोतीं
Kannada script: ಮೊತಿಂ
Latin script: motim
Maithili: mōti
Devanagari script: मोति
Tirhuta script: 𑒧𑒼𑒞𑒱
Old Marathi: motī
Devanagari script: मोती
Modi script: 𑘦𑘻𑘝𑘲
Marathi: मोती (motī)
Nepali: मोती (motī)
Odia: ମୋତି (moti)
Old Punjabi: ਮੋਤੀ (motī)
Punjabi: motī
Gurmukhi script: ਮੋਤੀ
Shahmukhi script: موتی
Sindhi: motī
Arabic script: موتِي
Devanagari script: मोती
Khudabadi script: 𑋗𑋧𑋍𑋢

→ Hindi: मौक्तिक (mauktik) (learned)

→ Kannada: ಮೌಕ್ತಿಕ (mauktika) (learned)

From मुक्त (mukta, “pearl”) + -इक (-ika, diminutive).


इरावती

irāvatī (romanization)
इरावती (nominative singular)
इरावत्यौ (dual nominative)
इरावती1 (dual nominative)
इरावत्यः (nominative plural)
इरावतीः1 (nominative plural)
इरावति (singular vocative)
इरावत्यौ (dual vocative)
इरावती1 (dual vocative)
इरावत्यः (plural vocative)
इरावतीः1 (plural vocative)
इरावतीम् (accusative singular)
इरावत्यौ (accusative dual)
इरावती1 (accusative dual)
इरावतीः (accusative plural)
इरावत्या (instrumental singular)
इरावतीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
इरावतीभिः (instrumental plural)
इरावत्यै (dative singular)
इरावतीभ्याम् (dative dual)
इरावतीभ्यः (dative plural)
इरावत्याः (ablative singular)
इरावत्यै2 (ablative singular)
इरावतीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
इरावतीभ्यः (ablative plural)
इरावत्याः (genitive singular)
इरावत्यै2 (genitive singular)
इरावत्योः (dual genitive)
इरावतीनाम् (genitive plural)
इरावत्याम् (locative singular)
इरावत्योः (dual locative)
इरावतीषु (locative plural)

→ Burmese: ဧရာဝတီ (erawa.ti)

→ English: Irrawaddy

→ Khmer: ឥរាវតី (ʼiraavĕəʼtəy)

/í.ɾɑː.ʋɐ.tiː/

(geography) Ravi (a river in India and Pakistan)


गोवर्धन

govardhana (romanization)
गोवर्धनः (nominative singular)
गोवर्धनौ (dual nominative)
गोवर्धना1 (dual nominative)
गोवर्धनाः (nominative plural)
गोवर्धनासः1 (nominative plural)
गोवर्धन (singular vocative)
गोवर्धनौ (dual vocative)
गोवर्धना1 (dual vocative)
गोवर्धनाः (plural vocative)
गोवर्धनासः1 (plural vocative)
गोवर्धनम् (accusative singular)
गोवर्धनौ (accusative dual)
गोवर्धना1 (accusative dual)
गोवर्धनान् (accusative plural)
गोवर्धनेन (instrumental singular)
गोवर्धनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गोवर्धनैः (instrumental plural)
गोवर्धनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गोवर्धनाय (dative singular)
गोवर्धनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गोवर्धनेभ्यः (dative plural)
गोवर्धनात् (ablative singular)
गोवर्धनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गोवर्धनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गोवर्धनस्य (genitive singular)
गोवर्धनयोः (dual genitive)
गोवर्धनानाम् (genitive plural)
गोवर्धने (locative singular)
गोवर्धनयोः (dual locative)
गोवर्धनेषु (locative plural)

/ɡɐw.ʋɐɾ.dʱɐ.nɐ/

/ɡoː.ʋɐɾ.d̪ʱɐ.n̪ɐ/

Compound of गो (gó, “cow”) + वर्धन (vardhana, “thriving, prosperous”)

com+

(geography) Govardhana, a sacred hill in Mathura district.


माणिक्य

Central:

Hindustani: mānik

Hindi: मानिक

Urdu: مانِک

Eastern:

Assamese: মাণিক (manik)

Bengali: মানিক (manik)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: मानिक (mānik)

Maithili: मानिक (mānik)

Odia: ମାଣିକ (māṇika)

Northern:

Kumaoni: माणिक (mā̃ṛ̃ik)

Northwestern:

Punjabi: mānak

Gurmukhi script: ਮਾਣਕ

Shahmukhi script: مانک

Sindhi: māṇiku|, māṇikī

Arabic script: ماڻِڪُ, ماڻِڪِي

Devanagari script: माणिकु, माणिकी

Southern:

Marathi: माणीक (māṇīk), माणकी (māṇkī)

Sinhalese: මැණික (mæṇika)

Western:

Gujarati: માણેક (māṇek)

Borrowings

→ Bengali: মাণিক্য (manikko) (learned)

→ Hindustani: (learned)

Hindi: माणिक्य (māṇikya)

Urdu: مانِکیَ (mānikya)

→ Kannada: ಮಾಣಿಕ್ಯ (māṇikya) (learned)

desc

→ Malayalam: മാണിക്യം (māṇikyaṁ) (learned)

→ Marathi: माणिक्य (māṇikya) (learned)

→ Odia: ମାଣିକ୍ୟ (māṇikya) (learned)

→ Tamil: மாணிக்கம் (māṇikkam) (learned)

→ Telugu: మాణిక్యము (māṇikyamu) (learned)


वितस्ता

vitástā (romanization)
वितस्ता (nominative singular)
वितस्ते (singular vocative)
वितस्ताम् (accusative singular)
वितस्तया (instrumental singular)
वितस्ता1 (instrumental singular)
वितस्तायै (dative singular)
वितस्तायाः (ablative singular)
वितस्तायै2 (ablative singular)
वितस्तायाः (genitive singular)
वितस्तायै2 (genitive singular)
वितस्तायाम् (locative singular)

(geography) Jhelum (a river in India and Pakistan)


शुतुद्री

sa-prop

शुतुद्री • (śútudrī) stem, f

śútudrī (romanization)
शुतुद्री (nominative singular)
शुतुद्रि (singular vocative)
शुतुद्रीम् (accusative singular)
शुतुद्र्या (instrumental singular)
शुतुद्र्यै (dative singular)
शुतुद्र्याः (ablative singular)
शुतुद्र्यै1 (ablative singular)
शुतुद्र्याः (genitive singular)
शुतुद्र्यै1 (genitive singular)
शुतुद्र्याम् (locative singular)

(geography) Sutlej (a river in China, India and Pakistan)


परुष्णी

परुष्णी • (páruṣṇī) stem, f

páruṣṇī (romanization)
परुष्णी (nominative singular)
परुष्ण्यौ (dual nominative)
परुष्णी1 (dual nominative)
परुष्ण्यः (nominative plural)
परुष्णीः1 (nominative plural)
परुष्णि (singular vocative)
परुष्ण्यौ (dual vocative)
परुष्णी1 (dual vocative)
परुष्ण्यः (plural vocative)
परुष्णीः1 (plural vocative)
परुष्णीम् (accusative singular)
परुष्ण्यौ (accusative dual)
परुष्णी1 (accusative dual)
परुष्णीः (accusative plural)
परुष्ण्या (instrumental singular)
परुष्णीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
परुष्णीभिः (instrumental plural)
परुष्ण्यै (dative singular)
परुष्णीभ्याम् (dative dual)
परुष्णीभ्यः (dative plural)
परुष्ण्याः (ablative singular)
परुष्ण्यै2 (ablative singular)
परुष्णीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
परुष्णीभ्यः (ablative plural)
परुष्ण्याः (genitive singular)
परुष्ण्यै2 (genitive singular)
परुष्ण्योः (dual genitive)
परुष्णीनाम् (genitive plural)
परुष्ण्याम् (locative singular)
परुष्ण्योः (dual locative)
परुष्णीषु (locative plural)


आर्जीकीया

आर्जीकीया • (ā́rjīkīya) stem, f

ā́rjīkīya (romanization)
आर्जीकीया (nominative singular)
आर्जीकीये (singular vocative)
आर्जीकीयाम् (accusative singular)
आर्जीकीयया (instrumental singular)
आर्जीकीया1 (instrumental singular)
आर्जीकीयायै (dative singular)
आर्जीकीयायाः (ablative singular)
आर्जीकीयायै2 (ablative singular)
आर्जीकीयायाः (genitive singular)
आर्जीकीयायै2 (genitive singular)
आर्जीकीयायाम् (locative singular)

/ɑ́ːɾ.d͡ʑiː.kiː.jɑː/


सुषोमा

suṣómā (romanization)
सुषोमा (nominative singular)
सुषोमे (singular vocative)
सुषोमाम् (accusative singular)
सुषोमया (instrumental singular)
सुषोमा1 (instrumental singular)
सुषोमायै (dative singular)
सुषोमायाः (ablative singular)
सुषोमायै2 (ablative singular)
सुषोमायाः (genitive singular)
सुषोमायै2 (genitive singular)
सुषोमायाम् (locative singular)


श्रीहट्ट

sa-proper noun

श्रीहट्ट • (śrīhaṭṭa) stem, ?

→ Bengali: শ্রীহট্ট (srihoṭṭo)

desc

→ Hindi: श्रीहट्ट (śrīhaṭṭ)

→ Hindi: श्रीहट्ट (śrīhaṭṭ)

Sylheti: ꠍꠤꠞꠤꠢꠐ (sírihoṭ)

From श्री (śrī, “Beautiful”) + हट्ट (haṭṭa, “Hut”).