महाराष्ट्र

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महाराष्ट्र • (mahārā́ṣṭra)

Prakrit: 𑀫𑀭𑀳𑀝𑁆𑀞 (marahaṭṭha) (see there for further descendants)

Assamese: মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ (moharastro)

Bengali: মহারাষ্ট্র (moharaśṭro)

Gujarati: મહારાષ્ટ્ર (mahārāṣṭra)

Hindustani: mahārāṣṭra

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Hindi: महाराष्ट्र

Hindi: महाराष्ट्र

Urdu: مہاراشٹر

Urdu: مہاراشٹر

Kannada: ಮಹಾರಾಷ್ಟ್ರ (mahārāṣṭra)

Marathi: महाराष्ट्र (mahārāṣṭra)

Newar: महाराष्ट्र (mahārāṣṭra)

Newar: महाराष्ट्र (mahārāṣṭra)

Telugu: మహారాష్ట్ర (mahārāṣṭra)

/mɐ.ɦɑː.ɾɑːʂ.ʈɾɐ/

/mɐ.ɦɑːˈɾɑːʂ.ʈɾɐ/

Uncertain. Possibly from महा- (mahā-), combining form of महत् (mahat, “great”) + राष्ट्र (rāṣṭra, “nation, dominion; Rashtrakuta”), a dynasty that once ruled the area), a clan known as राष्ट्रिक (rāṣṭrika) (found in some of King Ashoka’s inscriptions) or रथ (ratha, “chariot”). Possibly, the original name was associated with the Sanskrit word for “nation” or “dominion” via folk etymology.

Maharashtra (a state in western India; capital: Mumbai)


अजर्बैजान

/ɐ.d͡ʑɐɾ.bɑjˈd͡ʑɑː.n̪ɐ/

(New Sanskrit) Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus, Asia and Europe)


नेपाल

nepāla (romanization)
नेपालः (nominative singular)
नेपालौ (dual nominative)
नेपाला1 (dual nominative)
नेपालाः (nominative plural)
नेपालासः1 (nominative plural)
नेपाल (singular vocative)
नेपालौ (dual vocative)
नेपाला1 (dual vocative)
नेपालाः (plural vocative)
नेपालासः1 (plural vocative)
नेपालम् (accusative singular)
नेपालौ (accusative dual)
नेपाला1 (accusative dual)
नेपालान् (accusative plural)
नेपालेन (instrumental singular)
नेपालाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नेपालैः (instrumental plural)
नेपालेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नेपालाय (dative singular)
नेपालाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नेपालेभ्यः (dative plural)
नेपालात् (ablative singular)
नेपालाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नेपालेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नेपालस्य (genitive singular)
नेपालयोः (dual genitive)
नेपालानाम् (genitive plural)
नेपाले (locative singular)
नेपालयोः (dual locative)
नेपालेषु (locative plural)

/n̪eːˈpɑː.l̪ɐ/

Sometimes explained as a Sanskritization of Prakrit 𑀡𑁂𑀯𑀸𑀮 (ṇevāla), compare Newar नेवाः (newā:, “Newar”). Others regard the Sanskrit form as older. Perhaps ultimately of Sino-Tibetan origin. More on Wikipedia.
Popular etymologies derive it from compounds like ने (ne, “a chief”) + पाल (pāla, “cherishing”).

compound

Nepal (an ancient kingdom in South Asia, roughly coextensive with modern Nepal)


सुख

sukhá (romanization)
सुखः (nominative singular)
सुखौ (dual nominative)
सुखाः (nominative plural)
सुख (singular vocative)
सुखौ (dual vocative)
सुखाः (plural vocative)
सुखम् (accusative singular)
सुखौ (accusative dual)
सुखान् (accusative plural)
सुखेन (instrumental singular)
सुखाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सुखैः (instrumental plural)
सुखाय (dative singular)
सुखाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सुखेभ्यः (dative plural)
सुखात् (ablative singular)
सुखाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सुखेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सुखस्य (genitive singular)
सुखयोः (dual genitive)
सुखानाम् (genitive plural)
सुखे (locative singular)
सुखयोः (dual locative)
सुखेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of सुख

Said to be from सु- (su-) + ख (kha), and to mean originally "having a good axle-hole"; but probably reborrowed from a Prakrit form of earlier सुस्थ (sustha), from सु- (su-) + स्थ (stha); compare दुःख (duḥkha).


माया

māyā́ (romanization)
माया (nominative singular)
माये (singular vocative)
मायाम् (accusative singular)
मायया (instrumental singular)
माया1 (instrumental singular)
मायायै (dative singular)
मायायाः (ablative singular)
मायायै2 (ablative singular)
मायायाः (genitive singular)
मायायै2 (genitive singular)
मायायाम् (locative singular)

→ English: Maya

From मा (mā, “measure, magic, binding, fettering”).


जापान

jāpāna (romanization)
जापानः (nominative singular)
जापान (singular vocative)
जापानम् (accusative singular)
जापानेन (instrumental singular)
जापानाय (dative singular)
जापानात् (ablative singular)
जापानस्य (genitive singular)
जापाने (locative singular)

/d͡ʑɑːˈpɑː.n̪ɐ/

Etymology tree
Hokkien 日本／Ji̍t-púnbor.
Malay Jepangbor.
Portuguese Japãobor.
Malay Jepangbor.
Dutch Japanbor.
English Japanbor.
Hindi जापान (jāpān)bor.
Sanskrit जापान (jāpāna)
Borrowed from Hindi जापान (jāpān), from English Japan.

etymon

(New Sanskrit) Japan (a country in East Asia)


ब्रह्मदेश

head

ब्रह्मदेश • (brahmadeśa)

Myanmar, Burma (a country in Southeast Asia)


सिंहपुर

siṃhápura (romanization)
सिंहपुरम् (nominative singular)
सिंहपुरे (dual nominative)
सिंहपुराणि (nominative plural)
सिंहपुरा1 (nominative plural)
सिंहपुर (singular vocative)
सिंहपुरे (dual vocative)
सिंहपुराणि (plural vocative)
सिंहपुरा1 (plural vocative)
सिंहपुरम् (accusative singular)
सिंहपुरे (accusative dual)
सिंहपुराणि (accusative plural)
सिंहपुरा1 (accusative plural)
सिंहपुरेण (instrumental singular)
सिंहपुराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सिंहपुरैः (instrumental plural)
सिंहपुरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सिंहपुराय (dative singular)
सिंहपुराभ्याम् (dative dual)
सिंहपुरेभ्यः (dative plural)
सिंहपुरात् (ablative singular)
सिंहपुराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सिंहपुरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सिंहपुरस्य (genitive singular)
सिंहपुरयोः (dual genitive)
सिंहपुराणाम् (genitive plural)
सिंहपुरे (locative singular)
सिंहपुरयोः (dual locative)
सिंहपुरेषु (locative plural)

Compound of सिंह (siṃhá, “lion”) + पुर (pura, “city”).

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Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony)


वाराणसी

sa-prop

वाराणसी • (vārāṇasī) stem, f

vārāṇasī (romanization)
वाराणसी (nominative singular)
वाराणसि (singular vocative)
वाराणसीम् (accusative singular)
वाराणस्या (instrumental singular)
वाराणस्यै (dative singular)
वाराणस्याः (ablative singular)
वाराणस्याः (genitive singular)
वाराणस्याम् (locative singular)

/ʋɑːˈɾɑː.ɳɐ.s̪iː/


अयोध्या

ayodhyā (romanization)
अयोध्या (nominative singular)
अयोध्ये (dual nominative)
अयोध्याः (nominative plural)
अयोध्ये (singular vocative)
अयोध्ये (dual vocative)
अयोध्याः (plural vocative)
अयोध्याम् (accusative singular)
अयोध्ये (accusative dual)
अयोध्याः (accusative plural)
अयोध्यया (instrumental singular)
अयोध्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अयोध्याभिः (instrumental plural)
अयोध्यायै (dative singular)
अयोध्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
अयोध्याभ्यः (dative plural)
अयोध्यायाः (ablative singular)
अयोध्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अयोध्याभ्यः (ablative plural)
अयोध्यायाः (genitive singular)
अयोध्ययोः (dual genitive)
अयोध्यानाम् (genitive plural)
अयोध्यायाम् (locative singular)
अयोध्ययोः (dual locative)
अयोध्यासु (locative plural)

→ Bengali: অযোধ্যা (ojōddha) (learned)

→ Gujarati: અયોધ્યા (ayodhyā) (learned)

→ Hindi: अयोध्या (ayodhyā) (learned)

→ Kannada: ಅಯೋಧ್ಯೆ (ayōdhye)

→ Khmer: អយុធ្យា (ʼɑɑyuthyiə) (learned)

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→ Malayalam: അയോദ്ധ്യ (ayōddhya), അയോധ്യ (ayōdhya)

→ Marathi: अयोध्या (ayodhyā) (learned)

→ Tamil: அயோத்தி (ayōtti)

→ Telugu: అయోధ్య (ayōdhya) (learned)

desctree

→ Thai: อยุธยา (à-yút-tá-yaa) (learned)
→ Burmese: အယုဓျာ (a.yu.dhya)
→ Burmese: ယိုးဒယား (yui:da.ya:)
→ Thai: โยดะยา (yoo-dà-yaa)

/ɐˈjoːd̪ʱ.jɑː/

Compound of अ- (a-, “un-”) + योध्य (yodhya, “subdue”) + आ (ā, feminine suffix), literally “unsubduable citadel”.

com+

A city, the administrative headquarters of Ayodhya district, Uttar Pradesh, India, on the bank of the Sarayu river.

(Hinduism, historical) A legendary city, the ancient capital of Kosala kingdom, and birthplace of Rāma.


राजधानी

rā́jadhānī (romanization)
राजधानी (nominative singular)
राजधान्यौ (dual nominative)
राजधानी1 (dual nominative)
राजधान्यः (nominative plural)
राजधानीः1 (nominative plural)
राजधानि (singular vocative)
राजधान्यौ (dual vocative)
राजधानी1 (dual vocative)
राजधान्यः (plural vocative)
राजधानीः1 (plural vocative)
राजधानीम् (accusative singular)
राजधान्यौ (accusative dual)
राजधानी1 (accusative dual)
राजधानीः (accusative plural)
राजधान्या (instrumental singular)
राजधानीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
राजधानीभिः (instrumental plural)
राजधान्यै (dative singular)
राजधानीभ्याम् (dative dual)
राजधानीभ्यः (dative plural)
राजधान्याः (ablative singular)
राजधान्यै2 (ablative singular)
राजधानीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
राजधानीभ्यः (ablative plural)
राजधान्याः (genitive singular)
राजधान्यै2 (genitive singular)
राजधान्योः (dual genitive)
राजधानीनाम् (genitive plural)
राजधान्याम् (locative singular)
राजधान्योः (dual locative)
राजधानीषु (locative plural)

/ɾɑ́ː.d͡ʑɐ.dʱɑː.niː/

/ɾɑː.d͡ʑɐˈd̪ʱɑː.n̪iː/

Compound of राज (rā́ja, “chief”) + धानी (dhānī, “holding”).


मौर्य

maurya (romanization)
मौर्यः (nominative singular)
मौर्यौ (dual nominative)
मौर्या1 (dual nominative)
मौर्याः (nominative plural)
मौर्यासः1 (nominative plural)
मौर्य (singular vocative)
मौर्यौ (dual vocative)
मौर्या1 (dual vocative)
मौर्याः (plural vocative)
मौर्यासः1 (plural vocative)
मौर्यम् (accusative singular)
मौर्यौ (accusative dual)
मौर्या1 (accusative dual)
मौर्यान् (accusative plural)
मौर्येण (instrumental singular)
मौर्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मौर्यैः (instrumental plural)
मौर्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मौर्याय (dative singular)
मौर्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
मौर्येभ्यः (dative plural)
मौर्यात् (ablative singular)
मौर्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मौर्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
मौर्यस्य (genitive singular)
मौर्ययोः (dual genitive)
मौर्याणाम् (genitive plural)
मौर्ये (locative singular)
मौर्ययोः (dual locative)
मौर्येषु (locative plural)

→ Bhojpuri: मौर्य (maurya)

→ English: Maurya

→ Hindi: मौर्य (maurya)

→ Marathi: मौर्य (maurya)

→ Nepali: मौर्य (maurya)

Originally an adjective form of मयूर (mayū́ra, “peacock”)

Maurya, Mauryan Empire (an ancient empire in present-day India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nepal)


हस्तिनापुर

hastināpúra (romanization)
हस्तिनापुरः (nominative singular)
हस्तिनापुरौ (dual nominative)
हस्तिनापुरा1 (dual nominative)
हस्तिनापुराः (nominative plural)
हस्तिनापुरासः1 (nominative plural)
हस्तिनापुर (singular vocative)
हस्तिनापुरौ (dual vocative)
हस्तिनापुरा1 (dual vocative)
हस्तिनापुराः (plural vocative)
हस्तिनापुरासः1 (plural vocative)
हस्तिनापुरम् (accusative singular)
हस्तिनापुरौ (accusative dual)
हस्तिनापुरा1 (accusative dual)
हस्तिनापुरान् (accusative plural)
हस्तिनापुरेण (instrumental singular)
हस्तिनापुराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हस्तिनापुरैः (instrumental plural)
हस्तिनापुरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
हस्तिनापुराय (dative singular)
हस्तिनापुराभ्याम् (dative dual)
हस्तिनापुरेभ्यः (dative plural)
हस्तिनापुरात् (ablative singular)
हस्तिनापुराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हस्तिनापुरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
हस्तिनापुरस्य (genitive singular)
हस्तिनापुरयोः (dual genitive)
हस्तिनापुराणाम् (genitive plural)
हस्तिनापुरे (locative singular)
हस्तिनापुरयोः (dual locative)
हस्तिनापुरेषु (locative plural)

Compound of हस्तिना (hastínā, “elephants”) + पुर (púra, “city”).

(Hinduism, historical) A legendary city, the ancient capital of Kuru kingdom.


भोट

bhoṭa (romanization)
भोटः (nominative singular)
भोटौ (dual nominative)
भोटाः (nominative plural)
भोट (singular vocative)
भोटौ (dual vocative)
भोटाः (plural vocative)
भोटम् (accusative singular)
भोटौ (accusative dual)
भोटान् (accusative plural)
भोटेन (instrumental singular)
भोटाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भोटैः (instrumental plural)
भोटाय (dative singular)
भोटाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भोटेभ्यः (dative plural)
भोटात् (ablative singular)
भोटाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भोटेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भोटस्य (genitive singular)
भोटयोः (dual genitive)
भोटानाम् (genitive plural)
भोटे (locative singular)
भोटयोः (dual locative)
भोटेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of भोट

[ˈbʱoː.ʈɐhɐ̆]


तक्षशिला

takṣaśilā (romanization)
तक्षशिला (nominative singular)
तक्षशिले (dual nominative)
तक्षशिलाः (nominative plural)
तक्षशिले (singular vocative)
तक्षशिले (dual vocative)
तक्षशिलाः (plural vocative)
तक्षशिलाम् (accusative singular)
तक्षशिले (accusative dual)
तक्षशिलाः (accusative plural)
तक्षशिलया (instrumental singular)
तक्षशिलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तक्षशिलाभिः (instrumental plural)
तक्षशिलायै (dative singular)
तक्षशिलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तक्षशिलाभ्यः (dative plural)
तक्षशिलायाः (ablative singular)
तक्षशिलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तक्षशिलाभ्यः (ablative plural)
तक्षशिलायाः (genitive singular)
तक्षशिलयोः (dual genitive)
तक्षशिलानाम् (genitive plural)
तक्षशिलायाम् (locative singular)
तक्षशिलयोः (dual locative)
तक्षशिलासु (locative plural)

desc

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀢𑀔𑀲𑀺𑀮𑀸 (takhasilā /takkhasilā/)

Gandhari: 𐨟𐨐𐨿𐨮𐨭𐨁𐨫 (takṣaśila)

desctree

Pali: Takkasilā
→ Burmese: တက္ကသိုလ် (takka.suil)
Pa'o Karen: တက္ကသိုလ်ႏ
→ Shan: တၵ်ႈၵသူဝ်ႇ (tāk kǎ sò) / တၵ်ႉၵသူဝ်ႇ (tâ̰k kǎ sò)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਤਕਸ਼ਿਲਾ (takśilā)

Shahmukhi script: ٹیکسلا (ṭekslā)

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Urdu: ٹیکسلا

Urdu: ٹیکسلا

→ Ancient Greek: Τάξιλα (Táxila)

→ English: Taxila

→ Latin: Taxila

→ Gujarati: તક્ષશિલા (takṣaśilā)

→ Hindi: तक्षशिला (takṣaśilā)

→ Maithili: तक्षशिला (takṣaśilā)

→ Marathi: तक्षशिला (takṣaśilā)

→ Nepali: तक्षशिला (takṣaśilā)

/ˈt̪ɐk.ʂɐ.ɕi.l̪ɑː/

Compound of तक्ष (takṣa, “cutter”) + शिला (śilā, “stone”).

com+

Taxila (an ancient city and archaeological site in the modern province of Punjab, Pakistan)

Taxila (a modern city in Rawalpindi district, Punjab, Pakistan)


शर्मण्यदेश

śarmaṇyadeśa (romanization)
शर्मण्यदेशः (nominative singular)
शर्मण्यदेशौ (dual nominative)
शर्मण्यदेशाः (nominative plural)
शर्मण्यदेश (singular vocative)
शर्मण्यदेशौ (dual vocative)
शर्मण्यदेशाः (plural vocative)
शर्मण्यदेशम् (accusative singular)
शर्मण्यदेशौ (accusative dual)
शर्मण्यदेशान् (accusative plural)
शर्मण्यदेशेन (instrumental singular)
शर्मण्यदेशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शर्मण्यदेशैः (instrumental plural)
शर्मण्यदेशाय (dative singular)
शर्मण्यदेशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शर्मण्यदेशेभ्यः (dative plural)
शर्मण्यदेशात् (ablative singular)
शर्मण्यदेशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शर्मण्यदेशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शर्मण्यदेशस्य (genitive singular)
शर्मण्यदेशयोः (dual genitive)
शर्मण्यदेशानाम् (genitive plural)
शर्मण्यदेशे (locative singular)
शर्मण्यदेशयोः (dual locative)
शर्मण्यदेशेषु (locative plural)

/ɕɐɾ.mɐɳ.jɐˈd̪eː.ɕɐ/

From शर्मण्य (śarmaṇya, “German”) + देश (deśa, “country”).

com

1940, Yajñeśvara Cimaṇṇa Bhaṭṭa, Ārya-vidyā Sudhākaraḥ [Compendium of Hindu Culture and Philosophy], Moti Lal Banarsi Dass:

(New Sanskrit) Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


पुष्कलावती

→ Bengali: পুষ্কলাবতী (puśkolaboti)

→ Hindi: पुष्कलावती (puṣkalāvatī)

→ Marathi: पुष्कलावती (puṣkalāvatī)

→ Urdu: پشکلاوتی (puṣkalāvatī)

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa#English

Pushkalavati (the ancient capital of Gandhara kingdom, near Charsadda in modern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)


द्वारका

dvārakā (romanization)
द्वारका (nominative singular)
द्वारके (dual nominative)
द्वारकाः (nominative plural)
द्वारके (singular vocative)
द्वारके (dual vocative)
द्वारकाः (plural vocative)
द्वारकाम् (accusative singular)
द्वारके (accusative dual)
द्वारकाः (accusative plural)
द्वारकया (instrumental singular)
द्वारकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
द्वारकाभिः (instrumental plural)
द्वारकायै (dative singular)
द्वारकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
द्वारकाभ्यः (dative plural)
द्वारकायाः (ablative singular)
द्वारकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
द्वारकाभ्यः (ablative plural)
द्वारकायाः (genitive singular)
द्वारकयोः (dual genitive)
द्वारकाणाम् (genitive plural)
द्वारकायाम् (locative singular)
द्वारकयोः (dual locative)
द्वारकासु (locative plural)
द्वारका (nominative singular)
द्वारके (dual nominative)
द्वारकाः (nominative plural)
द्वारके (singular vocative)
द्वारके (dual vocative)
द्वारकाः (plural vocative)
द्वारकाम् (accusative singular)
द्वारके (accusative dual)
द्वारकाः (accusative plural)
द्वारकया (instrumental singular)
द्वारकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
द्वारकाभिः (instrumental plural)
द्वारकायै (dative singular)
द्वारकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
द्वारकाभ्यः (dative plural)
द्वारकायाः (ablative singular)
द्वारकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
द्वारकाभ्यः (ablative plural)
द्वारकायाः (genitive singular)
द्वारकयोः (dual genitive)
द्वारकाणाम् (genitive plural)
द्वारकायाम् (locative singular)
द्वारकयोः (dual locative)
द्वारकासु (locative plural)

→ Bhojpuri: द्वारका (dvārᵊkā)

→ English: Dwarka

→ Hindi: द्वारका (dvārkā)

→ Marathi: द्वारका (dvārkā)

→ Nepali: द्वारका (dwārkā)

/ˈd̪ʋɑː.ɾɐ.kɑː/


लुम्बिनी

→ Bhojpuri: लुम्बिनी (lumbinī)

→ English: Lumbini

→ Hindi: लुम्बिनी (lumbinī)

→ Lao: ລຸມພິນີ (lum phi nī)

→ Marathi: लुम्बिनी (lumbinī)

→ Nepali: लुम्बिनी (lumbinī)

desc

→ Thai: ลุมพินี

→ Thai: ลุมพินี


जाबालिपुर

jābālipura (romanization)
जाबालिपुरम् (nominative singular)
जाबालिपुरे (dual nominative)
जाबालिपुराणि (nominative plural)
जाबालिपुरा1 (nominative plural)
जाबालिपुर (singular vocative)
जाबालिपुरे (dual vocative)
जाबालिपुराणि (plural vocative)
जाबालिपुरा1 (plural vocative)
जाबालिपुरम् (accusative singular)
जाबालिपुरे (accusative dual)
जाबालिपुराणि (accusative plural)
जाबालिपुरा1 (accusative plural)
जाबालिपुरेण (instrumental singular)
जाबालिपुराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जाबालिपुरैः (instrumental plural)
जाबालिपुरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
जाबालिपुराय (dative singular)
जाबालिपुराभ्याम् (dative dual)
जाबालिपुरेभ्यः (dative plural)
जाबालिपुरात् (ablative singular)
जाबालिपुराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जाबालिपुरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जाबालिपुरस्य (genitive singular)
जाबालिपुरयोः (dual genitive)
जाबालिपुराणाम् (genitive plural)
जाबालिपुरे (locative singular)
जाबालिपुरयोः (dual locative)
जाबालिपुरेषु (locative plural)

→ Arabic: جَابَلْبُور (jābalbūr)

Bengali: জবলপুর (joblopur)

Chinese:

→ Mandarin: 賈巴爾普爾／贾巴尔普尔 (Jiǎbā'ěrpǔ'ěr)

Hindustani

Hindi: जबलपुर (jabalpur)

Urdu: جَبَلْپُور (jabalpūr)

→ Japanese: ジャバルプル (Jabarupuru)

→ Polish: Jabalpur, Dżabalpur

→ Russian: Джабалпу́р (Džabalpúr)

→ Ukrainian: Джабалпу́р (Džabalpúr)

Compound of जाबालि (jābāli, “sage Jaabaali”) + पुर (pura, “town, city”).

com+

Jabalpur, Jubbulpore (a city in Madhya Pradesh, India), named after a Hindu saint & philosopher, who meditated on the banks of Narmada River.


पाटलिपुत्र

desctree

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀧𑀸𑀝𑀮𑀺𑀧𑀼𑀢 (pāṭaliputa /pāṭaliputta/)
Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀧𑀸𑀟𑀮𑀺𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀢 (pāḍaliutta)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀧𑀸𑀟𑀮𑀺𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀢 (pāḍaliutta), 𑀧𑀸𑀟𑀮𑀺𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (pāḍaliputta)
Paisaci Prakrit: 𑀧𑀸𑀝𑀮𑀺𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (pāṭaliputta)

→ Ancient Greek: Παλιμβόθρα (Palimbóthra)
→ Latin: Palimbothra

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పాటలీపుత్రము

⇒ Telugu: పాటలీపుత్రము (pāṭalīputramu)

Compound of पाटलि (pāṭali) + पुत्र (putra); the first element is perhaps related to पाटल (pāṭala). Previously known by names like पाटलिग्राम (pāṭaligrāma) and पाटलिपुर (pāṭalipura).

com+

Pataliputra (the ancient capital of the Magadha kingdom; modern Patna)

𑀧𑀸𑀟𑀮𑀺𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀅

Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀧𑀸𑀝𑀮𑀺𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢-𑀓 (*pāṭaliputta-ka)


लण्ड्र

laṇḍra (romanization)
लण्ड्रः (nominative singular)
लण्ड्र (singular vocative)
लण्ड्रम् (accusative singular)
लण्ड्रेण (instrumental singular)
लण्ड्राय (dative singular)
लण्ड्रात् (ablative singular)
लण्ड्रस्य (genitive singular)
लण्ड्रे (locative singular)

From French Londres, ultimately from Latin Londinium.

(New Sanskrit) London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; capital city of England)


बाङ्गलादेश

sa-proper noun

बाङ्गलादेश • (bāṅgalādeśa) stem, m

bāṅgalādeśa (romanization)
बाङ्गलादेशः (nominative singular)
बाङ्गलादेश (singular vocative)
बाङ्गलादेशम् (accusative singular)
बाङ्गलादेशेन (instrumental singular)
बाङ्गलादेशाय (dative singular)
बाङ्गलादेशात् (ablative singular)
बाङ्गलादेशस्य (genitive singular)
बाङ्गलादेशे (locative singular)

/bɑːŋ.ɡɐ.l̪ɑːˈd̪eː.ɕɐ/

Borrowed from Hindi बांग्लादेश (bāṅglādeś).

bor+

बाङ्ग्लादेशस्य कस्यचन अनामकवेः बङ्गभाषीयं काव्यं “सोनारबङ्गभूमे”ऽनूदितम्।

2001, Chandrabhushan Jha, दिल्लीस्था विंशशताब्दीयाः संस्कृत-रचनाकाराः [20ᵗʰ century Sanskrit authors of Delhi], New Delhi: Delhi Sanskrit Academy, →OCLC, page 81:

A poem in Bengali language “Sonārabaṅgabhūme”, of some anonymous poet of Bangladesh, is translated.

bāṅglādeśasya kasyacana anāmakaveḥ baṅgabhāṣīyaṃ kāvyaṃ “sonārabaṅgabhūme”ʼnūditam.

(New Sanskrit) Bangladesh (a country in South Asia)

sa:बाङ्गलादेश


सुराष्ट्र

sa-proper noun

सुराष्ट्र • (súrāṣṭra) stem, m

súrāṣṭra (romanization)
सुराष्ट्रः (nominative singular)
सुराष्ट्रौ (dual nominative)
सुराष्ट्रा1 (dual nominative)
सुराष्ट्राः (nominative plural)
सुराष्ट्रासः1 (nominative plural)
सुराष्ट्र (singular vocative)
सुराष्ट्रौ (dual vocative)
सुराष्ट्रा1 (dual vocative)
सुराष्ट्राः (plural vocative)
सुराष्ट्रासः1 (plural vocative)
सुराष्ट्रम् (accusative singular)
सुराष्ट्रौ (accusative dual)
सुराष्ट्रा1 (accusative dual)
सुराष्ट्रान् (accusative plural)
सुराष्ट्रेण (instrumental singular)
सुराष्ट्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सुराष्ट्रैः (instrumental plural)
सुराष्ट्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सुराष्ट्राय (dative singular)
सुराष्ट्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
सुराष्ट्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
सुराष्ट्रात् (ablative singular)
सुराष्ट्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सुराष्ट्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सुराष्ट्रस्य (genitive singular)
सुराष्ट्रयोः (dual genitive)
सुराष्ट्राणाम् (genitive plural)
सुराष्ट्रे (locative singular)
सुराष्ट्रयोः (dual locative)
सुराष्ट्रेषु (locative plural)

Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀲𑀼𑀭𑀱𑁆𑀝 (*suraṣṭa)

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀭𑀝𑁆𑀞 (suraṭṭha)

Gurjara Apabhramsa: सुरट्ठु (suraṭṭhu)

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→ Ancient Greek: Συραστρηνή (Surastrēnḗ)

→ Middle Chinese: 蘇剌佗 (MC su lat da|tha)

/sú.ɾɑːʂ.ʈɾɐ/

/s̪uˈɾɑːʂ.ʈɾɐ/

From सु- (su-, “good”) + राष्ट्र (rāṣṭra, “realm, dominion”).

af

An ancient Indian polity (janapada) located in the region.


ताम्रपर्णी

tāmraparṇī (romanization)
ताम्रपर्णी (nominative singular)
ताम्रपर्ण्यौ (dual nominative)
ताम्रपर्णी1 (dual nominative)
ताम्रपर्ण्यः (nominative plural)
ताम्रपर्णीः1 (nominative plural)
ताम्रपर्णि (singular vocative)
ताम्रपर्ण्यौ (dual vocative)
ताम्रपर्णी1 (dual vocative)
ताम्रपर्ण्यः (plural vocative)
ताम्रपर्णीः1 (plural vocative)
ताम्रपर्णीम् (accusative singular)
ताम्रपर्ण्यौ (accusative dual)
ताम्रपर्णी1 (accusative dual)
ताम्रपर्णीः (accusative plural)
ताम्रपर्ण्या (instrumental singular)
ताम्रपर्णीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ताम्रपर्णीभिः (instrumental plural)
ताम्रपर्ण्यै (dative singular)
ताम्रपर्णीभ्याम् (dative dual)
ताम्रपर्णीभ्यः (dative plural)
ताम्रपर्ण्याः (ablative singular)
ताम्रपर्ण्यै2 (ablative singular)
ताम्रपर्णीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ताम्रपर्णीभ्यः (ablative plural)
ताम्रपर्ण्याः (genitive singular)
ताम्रपर्ण्यै2 (genitive singular)
ताम्रपर्ण्योः (dual genitive)
ताम्रपर्णीनाम् (genitive plural)
ताम्रपर्ण्याम् (locative singular)
ताम्रपर्ण्योः (dual locative)
ताम्रपर्णीषु (locative plural)

desctree

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀢𑀁𑀩𑀧𑀁𑀦𑀺 (taṃbapaṃni), 𑀢𑀁𑀩𑀧𑀁𑀡𑀺 (taṃbapaṃṇi), 𑀢𑀁𑀩𑀧𑀡𑀺 (taṃbapaṇi)
→ Ancient Greek: Ταπροβάνη (Taprobánē), Ταπροβανᾶ (Taprobanâ), Ταπροβανῆ (Taprobanê)
→ Latin: Tāprobanē, Tāprobana
→ Old English: Deprobane
→ Portuguese: Taprobana (learned)

Pali: tambapaṇṇī

→ Sinhalese: තම්බපණ්ණිය (tambapaṇṇiya)

→ Tamil: தாமிரபரணி (tāmiraparaṇi)

→ English: Thamirabarani

/t̪ɑːm.ɾɐˈpɐɾ.ɳiː/

From ताम्र (tāmra, “copper”) + पर्ण (parṇa, “leaf”) + -ई (-ī).
Some suppose the "town in Sri Lanka" sense to be a hypercorrect form of *ताम्रवर्णी (tāmravarṇī, literally “copper-coloured”), but the Ashokan Prakrit forms make this problematic.


अमेरिकायाः संयुक्तराज्यानि

sa-proper noun

अमेरिकायाः संयुक्तराज्यानि • (amerikāyāḥ saṃyuktarājyāni) stem, n

/ɐ.meː.ɾiˈkɑː.jɑːh s̪ɐ̃.juk.t̪ɐ.ɾɑːd͡ʑˈjɑː.n̪i/

[ɐ.meː.ɾiˈkɑː.jɑːhɑ̆ s̪ɐ̃.juk̚.t̪ɐ.ɾɑːd͡ʑˈjɑː.n̪i]

Calque of English United States of America

calque

United States of America
United States of America#English

(New Sanskrit) United States of America (a country in North America)

sa:अमेरिकायाः संयुक्तराज्यानि

en-अमेरिकायाः_संयुक्तराज्यानि-sa-name-6DbKFMqU


केनडा

/ˈkeː.n̪ɐ.ɖɑː/

Borrowed from English Canada, from Laurentian kanata (“village, settlement”).

der

(New Sanskrit) Canada (a country in North America)


प्रयज्ञ

prayajña (romanization)
प्रयज्ञः (nominative singular)
प्रयज्ञौ (dual nominative)
प्रयज्ञा1 (dual nominative)
प्रयज्ञाः (nominative plural)
प्रयज्ञासः1 (nominative plural)
प्रयज्ञ (singular vocative)
प्रयज्ञौ (dual vocative)
प्रयज्ञा1 (dual vocative)
प्रयज्ञाः (plural vocative)
प्रयज्ञासः1 (plural vocative)
प्रयज्ञम् (accusative singular)
प्रयज्ञौ (accusative dual)
प्रयज्ञा1 (accusative dual)
प्रयज्ञान् (accusative plural)
प्रयज्ञेन (instrumental singular)
प्रयज्ञाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रयज्ञैः (instrumental plural)
प्रयज्ञेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
प्रयज्ञाय (dative singular)
प्रयज्ञाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रयज्ञेभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रयज्ञात् (ablative singular)
प्रयज्ञाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रयज्ञेभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रयज्ञस्य (genitive singular)
प्रयज्ञयोः (dual genitive)
प्रयज्ञानाम् (genitive plural)
प्रयज्ञे (locative singular)
प्रयज्ञयोः (dual locative)
प्रयज्ञेषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: प्रयाग (prayāg)

/pɾɐ.jɐd͡ʑ.ɲɐ́/

/pɾɐˈjɐd͡ʑ.ɲɐ/

Compound of प्र- (pra-, “fore-”) + यज्ञ (yajñá, “offering”).

com+

Prayagraj (a city in Uttar Pradesh, India)


मठग्राम

maṭhagrāma (romanization)
मठग्रामः (nominative singular)
मठग्रामौ (dual nominative)
मठग्रामाः (nominative plural)
मठग्राम (singular vocative)
मठग्रामौ (dual vocative)
मठग्रामाः (plural vocative)
मठग्रामम् (accusative singular)
मठग्रामौ (accusative dual)
मठग्रामान् (accusative plural)
मठग्रामेण (instrumental singular)
मठग्रामाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मठग्रामैः (instrumental plural)
मठग्रामाय (dative singular)
मठग्रामाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मठग्रामेभ्यः (dative plural)
मठग्रामात् (ablative singular)
मठग्रामाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मठग्रामेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मठग्रामस्य (genitive singular)
मठग्रामयोः (dual genitive)
मठग्रामाणाम् (genitive plural)
मठग्रामे (locative singular)
मठग्रामयोः (dual locative)
मठग्रामेषु (locative plural)

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Prakrit: *𑀫𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀸𑀫 (*maṭṭhaggāma), *𑀫𑀟𑁆𑀠𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀸𑀫 (*maḍḍhaggāma)

Konkani:

Devanagari script: मडगांव (maḍgāuva)

Kannada script: ಮಡಗಾಂವ್ (maḍagāṃv)

Latin script: Moddganv

Marathi: मडगाव (maḍgāv)

/mɐ.ʈʰɐɡˈɾɑː.mɐ/

Tatpuruṣa compound of मठ (maṭha) + ग्राम (grāma), literally “village of monastries”.

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मठग्रामं तथा चान्ये गोमांताख्ये च पर्वते

1876, Joseph Gerson Cunha, Notes on the History and Antiquities of Chaul and Bassein, Thacker, Vining & Company, page 125:

[…] Maṭhagrāma and on the mountain known as Gomanta

maṭhagrāmaṃ tathā cānye gomāṃtākhye ca parvate


इन्द्रपुर

indrapura (romanization)
इन्द्रपुरम् (nominative singular)
इन्द्रपुरे (dual nominative)
इन्द्रपुराणि (nominative plural)
इन्द्रपुर (singular vocative)
इन्द्रपुरे (dual vocative)
इन्द्रपुराणि (plural vocative)
इन्द्रपुरम् (accusative singular)
इन्द्रपुरे (accusative dual)
इन्द्रपुराणि (accusative plural)
इन्द्रपुरेण (instrumental singular)
इन्द्रपुराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
इन्द्रपुरैः (instrumental plural)
इन्द्रपुराय (dative singular)
इन्द्रपुराभ्याम् (dative dual)
इन्द्रपुरेभ्यः (dative plural)
इन्द्रपुरात् (ablative singular)
इन्द्रपुराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
इन्द्रपुरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
इन्द्रपुरस्य (genitive singular)
इन्द्रपुरयोः (dual genitive)
इन्द्रपुराणाम् (genitive plural)
इन्द्रपुरे (locative singular)
इन्द्रपुरयोः (dual locative)
इन्द्रपुरेषु (locative plural)

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Prakrit: 𑀇𑀁𑀤𑀧𑀼𑀭 (iṃdapura)
Hindustani: indaur
Hindi: इंदौर, इन्दौर
Urdu: اِنْدَور
→ Malayalam: ഇന്ദോർ (indōṟ)
Gujarati: ઈંદોર (īndor)
Marathi:
Devanagari script: इंदूर (indūr)
Modi script: 𑘃𑘽𑘟𑘳𑘨 (īndur)
→ Malayalam: ഇന്ദൂരം (indūraṁ)

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→ Khmer: ឥន្ទ្របុរៈ (ʼĕnôtrôbŏréaʼ)

→ Khmer: ឥន្ទ្របុរៈ (ʼĕnôtrôbŏréaʼ)

⇒ Malay:

(سياك سري) ايندراڤورا

سياك سري ايندراڤورا

Arabic script: (سياك سري) ايندراڤورا

Arabic script: (سياك سري) ايندراڤورا

Latin script: (Siak Sri) Inderapura

Tatpuruṣa compound of इन्द्र (indra) + पुर (pura), literally “Indra's city”.

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इन्द्रपुरे नगरे विक्रमसिंहनामा राजपुत्रस्तस्य सहचरी रतनादेवी ।

1889, Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Dissertationen, volume 16, page 13:

In the city of Indrapura, there was a prince named Vikram Singh and his companion was Ratna Devi.

indrapure nagare vikramasiṃhanāmā rājaputrastasya sahacarī ratanādevī.

जैन उपाश्रयः इन्द्रपुरं (इन्दौर) (म.प्र.)

1970, Śubhaśīlagaṇi, Śatruñjayakalpavṛtti (Āgamoddhārakagranthamālā, no. 41), →LCCN:

jaina upāśrayaḥ indrapuraṃ (indaura) (ma.pra.)

Indore (a city in Madhya Pradesh, India)