ईड्

īḍ (romanization)
ईट् (nominative singular)
ईडौ (dual nominative)
ईडा1 (dual nominative)
ईडः (nominative plural)
ईडम् (accusative singular)
ईडौ (accusative dual)
ईडा1 (accusative dual)
ईडः (accusative plural)
ईडा (instrumental singular)
ईड्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ईड्भिः (instrumental plural)
ईडे (dative singular)
ईड्भ्याम् (dative dual)
ईड्भ्यः (dative plural)
ईडः (ablative singular)
ईड्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
ईड्भ्यः (ablative plural)
ईडः (genitive singular)
ईडोः (dual genitive)
ईडाम् (genitive plural)
ईडि (locative singular)
ईडोः (dual locative)
ईट्सु (locative plural)
ईट् (singular vocative)
ईडौ (dual vocative)
ईडा1 (dual vocative)
ईडः (plural vocative)
ईळ् (alternative Vedic)

From Vedic Sanskrit ईळ् (īḷ), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hayẓḍ-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hayžd-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eysd-.

c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda


ईड्

īḍ (romanization)
ईळ् (alternative Vedic)


क्रम्

head

क्रम् • (kram)

sa-root

क्रम् • (kram)

A re-analyzing of Proto-Indo-Iranian *krā́mHti as a Sanskritic root; see there for more.


यभ्

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hyabʰ-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hyabʰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃yebʰ- (“to copulate” < “to enter, penetrate”).


व्यवस्था

head

व्यवस्था • (vyavasthā)

sa-root

व्यवस्था • (vyavasthā)

/ʋjɐ.ʋɐs.tʰɑː/

/ʋjɐ.ʋɐs̪.t̪ʰɑː/


व्यवस्था

vyavasthā (romanization)
व्यवस्था (nominative singular)
व्यवस्थे (dual nominative)
व्यवस्थाः (nominative plural)
व्यवस्थाम् (accusative singular)
व्यवस्थे (accusative dual)
व्यवस्थाः (accusative plural)
व्यवस्थया (instrumental singular)
व्यवस्था1 (instrumental singular)
व्यवस्थाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
व्यवस्थाभिः (instrumental plural)
व्यवस्थायै (dative singular)
व्यवस्थाभ्याम् (dative dual)
व्यवस्थाभ्यः (dative plural)
व्यवस्थायाः (ablative singular)
व्यवस्थायै2 (ablative singular)
व्यवस्थाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
व्यवस्थाभ्यः (ablative plural)
व्यवस्थायाः (genitive singular)
व्यवस्थायै2 (genitive singular)
व्यवस्थयोः (dual genitive)
व्यवस्थानाम् (genitive plural)
व्यवस्थायाम् (locative singular)
व्यवस्थयोः (dual locative)
व्यवस्थासु (locative plural)
व्यवस्थे (singular vocative)
व्यवस्थे (dual vocative)
व्यवस्थाः (plural vocative)

/ʋjɐ.ʋɐs.tʰɑː/

/ʋjɐ.ʋɐs̪.t̪ʰɑː/


श्रु

head

श्रु • (śru)

sa-root

श्रु • (śru)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew-
Sanskrit श्रु (śru)
From Proto-Indo-European *ḱlu-, zero-grade of *ḱlew- (“to hear”).


वश्

From Proto-Indo-European *weḱ- (“to wish”).

to desire, wish, long for, be fond of, like


सि

si (romanization)
सा (alternative)
सय् (alternative)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *saH- (“to bind, fasten, fetter”), from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂ey- (“to bind”). Cognate with Hittite [script needed] (iš-hi-an-zi, “they bind”), Latvian sìet (“to bind”).


हन्

hán (romanization)
हा (nominative singular)
हानौ (dual nominative)
हाना1 (dual nominative)
हानः (nominative plural)
हानम् (accusative singular)
हानौ (accusative dual)
हाना1 (accusative dual)
ह्नः (accusative plural)
ह्ना (instrumental singular)
हभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हभिः (instrumental plural)
ह्ने (dative singular)
हभ्याम् (dative dual)
हभ्यः (dative plural)
ह्नः (ablative singular)
हभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हभ्यः (ablative plural)
ह्नः (genitive singular)
ह्नोः (dual genitive)
ह्नाम् (genitive plural)
ह्नि (locative singular)
हनि (locative singular)
हन्1 (locative singular)
ह्नोः (dual locative)
हसु (locative plural)
हन् (singular vocative)
हानौ (dual vocative)
हाना1 (dual vocative)
हानः (plural vocative)
घ्नी (nominative singular)
घ्न्यौ (dual nominative)
घ्न्यः (nominative plural)
घ्नीः (nominative plural)
घ्नीम् (accusative singular)
घ्न्यौ (accusative dual)
घ्नीः (accusative plural)
घ्न्या (instrumental singular)
घ्नीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
घ्नीभिः (instrumental plural)
घ्न्यै (dative singular)
घ्नीभ्याम् (dative dual)
घ्नीभ्यः (dative plural)
घ्न्याः (ablative singular)
घ्नाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
घ्नीभ्यः (ablative plural)
घ्न्याः (genitive singular)
घ्नीभ्याम् (dual genitive)
घ्नीनाम् (genitive plural)
घ्न्याम् (locative singular)
घ्न्योः (dual locative)
घ्नीषु (locative plural)
घ्नि (singular vocative)
घ्न्यौ (dual vocative)
घ्न्यः (plural vocative)
ह (nominative singular)
ह्नी (dual nominative)
हनी (dual nominative)
हानि (nominative plural)
ह1 (nominative plural)
हा1 (nominative plural)
ह (accusative singular)
ह्नी (accusative dual)
हनी (accusative dual)
हानि (accusative plural)
ह1 (accusative plural)
हा1 (accusative plural)
ह्ना (instrumental singular)
हभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हभिः (instrumental plural)
ह्ने (dative singular)
हभ्याम् (dative dual)
हभ्यः (dative plural)
ह्नः (ablative singular)
हभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हभ्यः (ablative plural)
ह्नः (genitive singular)
ह्नोः (dual genitive)
ह्नाम् (genitive plural)
ह्नि (locative singular)
हनि (locative singular)
हन्1 (locative singular)
ह्नोः (dual locative)
हसु (locative plural)
हन् (singular vocative)
ह (singular vocative)
ह्नी (dual vocative)
हनी (dual vocative)
हानि (plural vocative)
ह1 (plural vocative)
हा1 (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰʰā́, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰḗn, from the root *gʷʰen- (“to strike, slay”).

(at the end of a compound) killing, striking, slaying


नी

nī (romanization)
नि (alternative)
नय् (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *neyH-. Compare Avestan 𐬌𐬙𐬈𐬫𐬀𐬥 (iteyan, “to bring, lead”), Old Persian 𐎠𐎴𐎹 (a-n-y /anaya/, “he was leading, bringing”), Middle Persian [script needed] (nītan, “to lead, drive”), Hittite 𒈾𒄿𒉈 (nāine, “to guide”).


सन्

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *sanH-, from Proto-Indo-European *senh₂- (“to seek, accomplish, work on, succeed”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἀνύω (anúō, “cause, accomplish”), the source of English authentic (see αὐθέντης (authéntēs)), as well as Hittite [script needed] (sanh-, “to intend; to strive for; to seek”).

cog

to gain for another, procure, bestow, give, distribute

(middle voice) to be successful, be granted or fulfilled

(desiderative) to wish to acquire or obtain

(desiderative) to wish to procure or bestow


परिषद्

pariṣád (romanization)
परिषत् (nominative singular)
परिषदौ (dual nominative)
परिषदा1 (dual nominative)
परिषदः (nominative plural)
परिषदम् (accusative singular)
परिषदौ (accusative dual)
परिषदा1 (accusative dual)
परिषदः (accusative plural)
परिषदा (instrumental singular)
परिषद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
परिषद्भिः (instrumental plural)
परिषदे (dative singular)
परिषद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
परिषद्भ्यः (dative plural)
परिषदः (ablative singular)
परिषद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
परिषद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
परिषदः (genitive singular)
परिषदोः (dual genitive)
परिषदाम् (genitive plural)
परिषदि (locative singular)
परिषदोः (dual locative)
परिषत्सु (locative plural)
परिषत् (singular vocative)
परिषदौ (dual vocative)
परिषदा1 (dual vocative)
परिषदः (plural vocative)
पर्षद् (alternative)
परिषद (alternative)

English: parishad

Burmese: ပရိသတ် (pa.ri.sat)

Lao: ບໍລິສັດ (bǭ li sat)

Thai: บริษัท (bɔɔ-rí-sàt)

परि- (pari-) + सद् (sad, “to sit down before”, root)

prefix

अथ उत्थाय जलम् स्पृष्ट्वा भरतो वाक्यम् अब्रवीत् ।
शृण्वन्तु मे परिषदो मन्त्रिणः श्रेणयः तथा ॥
atha utthāya jalam spṛṣṭvā bharato vākyam abravīt.

2005 translation by K. M. K. Murthy
Thereafter, Bharata rose, touched water and spoke as follows: "Let the audience, including ministers and the guild of traders hear me also."

śṛṇvantu me pariṣado mantriṇaḥ śreṇayaḥ tathā.

assembly, meeting, group, council; audience


परिषद्

head

परिषद् • (pariṣad)

sa-root

परिषद् • (pariṣad)


दा

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *daH-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *daH-, from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂- (“to share, divide”).


वस्

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ews- (“to become light; to dawn”).

(with दूरे (dūre)) to drive away by shining


वस्

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to dwell, reside”).


स्तन्

head

स्तन् • (stan)

sa-root

स्तन् • (stan)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)tenh₂- (“to thunder”).


कू

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *kew-. Cognate with Lithuanian kaukti, and possibly English howl and Ancient Greek κωκῡ́ω (kōkū́ō, “shriek, wail”).


गा

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gaH-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₂- (“to step”).


भिषज्

bhiṣáj (romanization)
भिषक् (nominative singular)
भिषजौ (dual nominative)
भिषजा (dual nominative)
भिषजः (nominative plural)
भिषक् (singular vocative)
भिषजौ (dual vocative)
भिषजा (dual vocative)
भिषजम् (accusative singular)
भिषजौ (accusative dual)
भिषजा (accusative dual)
भिषजः (accusative plural)
भिषजा (instrumental singular)
भिषग्भिः (instrumental plural)
भिषजे (dative singular)
भिषग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
भिषजः (genitive singular)
भिषजाम् (genitive plural)
भिषजि (locative singular)

/bʱi.ʂɐ́d͡ʑ/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰišáȷ́ (“physician, healer”), from the root *bʰiš- (“medicine, healing”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬠𐬌𐬱𐬀𐬰- (bišaz-), Northern Kurdish bijişk (“doctor”), Persian پزشک (pezešk, “doctor”).

inh

उत त्या दैव्या भिषजा शं नः करतो अश्विना ।
युयुयातामितो रपो अप स्रिधः ॥
uta tyā daivyā bhiṣajā śaṃ naḥ karato aśvinā.
yuyuyātāmito rapo apa sridhaḥ.

May they remove iniquity and chase our foes.

And may the Aśvins, the divine Pair of Physicians, send us health:


भिषज्

head

भिषज् • (bhiṣaj)

/bʱi.ʂɐ́d͡ʑ/


परी

परी • (parī)

sa-root

परी • (parī)

to go or flow round, circumambulate, surround, include, grasp, span


व्याख्या

head

व्याख्या • (vyākhyā)

sa-root

व्याख्या • (vyākhyā)

/ʋjɑːkʰ.jɑː/

/ʋjɑːkʰ.jɑː/

to explain in detail, tell in full, discuss


व्याख्या

vyākhyā (romanization)
व्याख्या (nominative singular)
व्याख्ये (dual nominative)
व्याख्याः (nominative plural)
व्याख्याम् (accusative singular)
व्याख्ये (accusative dual)
व्याख्याः (accusative plural)
व्याख्यया (instrumental singular)
व्याख्या1 (instrumental singular)
व्याख्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
व्याख्याभिः (instrumental plural)
व्याख्यायै (dative singular)
व्याख्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
व्याख्याभ्यः (dative plural)
व्याख्यायाः (ablative singular)
व्याख्यायै2 (ablative singular)
व्याख्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
व्याख्याभ्यः (ablative plural)
व्याख्यायाः (genitive singular)
व्याख्यायै2 (genitive singular)
व्याख्ययोः (dual genitive)
व्याख्यानाम् (genitive plural)
व्याख्यायाम् (locative singular)
व्याख्ययोः (dual locative)
व्याख्यासु (locative plural)
व्याख्ये (singular vocative)
व्याख्ये (dual vocative)
व्याख्याः (plural vocative)

/ʋjɑːkʰ.jɑː/

/ʋjɑːkʰ.jɑː/

explanation, exposition, gloss, comment, paraphrase


लभ्

labh (romanization)
रभ् (alternative)
रम्भ् (alternative)
लम्भ् (alternative)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *labʰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *lebʰ- (“to work, harvest, gain, profit”). Compare perhaps Lithuanian lõbis (“treasure, wealth”), Ancient Greek λᾰ́φῡρᾰ (lắphūră, “spoils of war, booty”).


विदा

head

विदा • (vidā)

sa-root

विदा • (vidā)


स्पृध्

spṛ́dh (romanization)
स्पृत् (nominative singular)
स्पृधौ (dual nominative)
स्पृधा1 (dual nominative)
स्पृधः (nominative plural)
स्पृधम् (accusative singular)
स्पृधौ (accusative dual)
स्पृधा1 (accusative dual)
स्पृधः (accusative plural)
स्पृधा (instrumental singular)
स्पृद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्पृद्भिः (instrumental plural)
स्पृधे (dative singular)
स्पृद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
स्पृद्भ्यः (dative plural)
स्पृधः (ablative singular)
स्पृद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्पृद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
स्पृधः (genitive singular)
स्पृधोः (dual genitive)
स्पृधाम् (genitive plural)
स्पृधि (locative singular)
स्पृधोः (dual locative)
स्पृत्सु (locative plural)
स्पृत् (singular vocative)
स्पृधौ (dual vocative)
स्पृधा1 (dual vocative)
स्पृधः (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *spŕ̥dʰ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *spŕ̥dʰ, from Proto-Indo-European *spŕ̥dʰ, from the root *sperdʰ-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛𐬁 (spərədā), Hittite [script needed] (iš-par-zi-zi /išpartzi/), Proto-Germanic *spurdz.


क्षुध्

kṣúdh (romanization)
क्षुत् (nominative singular)
क्षुधौ (dual nominative)
क्षुधा1 (dual nominative)
क्षुधः (nominative plural)
क्षुधम् (accusative singular)
क्षुधौ (accusative dual)
क्षुधा1 (accusative dual)
क्षुधः (accusative plural)
क्षुधा (instrumental singular)
क्षुद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
क्षुद्भिः (instrumental plural)
क्षुधे (dative singular)
क्षुद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
क्षुद्भ्यः (dative plural)
क्षुधः (ablative singular)
क्षुद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
क्षुद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
क्षुधः (genitive singular)
क्षुधोः (dual genitive)
क्षुधाम् (genitive plural)
क्षुधि (locative singular)
क्षुधोः (dual locative)
क्षुत्सु (locative plural)
क्षुत् (singular vocative)
क्षुधौ (dual vocative)
क्षुधा1 (dual vocative)
क्षुधः (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćšudʰ- (“hunger; to be hungry”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬱𐬎𐬜𐬆𐬨 (šuδəm, “hunger”), Middle Persian [script needed] (šwd, “hunger”), Ossetian суд (sud, “hunger”).


क्षुध्

head

क्षुध् • (kṣudh)

sa-root

क्षुध् • (kṣudh)

→ Kannada: ಕ್ಷುತ್ತು (kṣuttu)

→ Tamil: க்ஷுத்து (kṣuttu)

→ Telugu: క్షుత్తు (kṣuttu)


द्रुह्

drúh (romanization)
ध्रुक् (nominative singular)
द्रुहौ (dual nominative)
द्रुहा1 (dual nominative)
द्रुहः (nominative plural)
द्रुहम् (accusative singular)
द्रुहौ (accusative dual)
द्रुहा1 (accusative dual)
द्रुहः (accusative plural)
द्रुहा (instrumental singular)
ध्रुग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ध्रुग्भिः (instrumental plural)
द्रुहे (dative singular)
ध्रुग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
ध्रुग्भ्यः (dative plural)
द्रुहः (ablative singular)
ध्रुग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
ध्रुग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
द्रुहः (genitive singular)
द्रुहोः (dual genitive)
द्रुहाम् (genitive plural)
द्रुहि (locative singular)
द्रुहोः (dual locative)
ध्रुक्षु (locative plural)
ध्रुक् (singular vocative)
द्रुहौ (dual vocative)
द्रुहा1 (dual vocative)
द्रुहः (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰrúkš ~ *dʰrúǰʰás (“deceit, offence”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰréwgʰ-s ~ *dʰrugʰ-és, from *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive, mislead”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬘 (druj, “lie”).


तृ

tṛ́ (romanization)
ता (nominative singular)
तारौ (dual nominative)
तारा1 (dual nominative)
तारः (nominative plural)
तारम् (accusative singular)
तारौ (accusative dual)
तारा1 (accusative dual)
तॄः (accusative plural)
त्रा (instrumental singular)
तृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तृभिः (instrumental plural)
त्रे (dative singular)
तृभ्याम् (dative dual)
तृभ्यः (dative plural)
तुः (ablative singular)
तृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तृभ्यः (ablative plural)
तुः (genitive singular)
त्रोः (dual genitive)
तॄणाम् (genitive plural)
तरि (locative singular)
त्रोः (dual locative)
तृषु (locative plural)
तः (singular vocative)
तारौ (dual vocative)
तारा1 (dual vocative)
तारः (plural vocative)
स्तृ (alternative)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr (“star”). Cognates include Latin stella, Ancient Greek ἀστήρ (astḗr) and Old English steorra (modern English star). See also स्तृ (stṛ́), तारा (tārā).

शतं श्वेतास उक्षणो दिवि तारो न रोचन्ते ।

One hundred white bulls shine like the stars in the sky.

śataṃ śvetāsa ukṣaṇo divi tāro na rocante.


पू

From Proto-Indo-European *pewH-. Cognate with Latin pūrus.

(middle voice) to purify one's self, be or become clear or bright


छिद्

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *skeyd- (“to split, divide”). Cognate with schism and shit.

to cut off, amputate, cut through, hew, chop, split, pierce

(causative) to cut off; to cause to cut off or through


छिद्

chid (romanization)
छित् (nominative singular)
छिदौ (dual nominative)
छिदा1 (dual nominative)
छिदः (nominative plural)
छिदम् (accusative singular)
छिदौ (accusative dual)
छिदा1 (accusative dual)
छिदः (accusative plural)
छिदा (instrumental singular)
छिद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
छिद्भिः (instrumental plural)
छिदे (dative singular)
छिद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
छिद्भ्यः (dative plural)
छिदः (ablative singular)
छिद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
छिद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
छिदः (genitive singular)
छिदोः (dual genitive)
छिदाम् (genitive plural)
छिदि (locative singular)
छिदोः (dual locative)
छित्सु (locative plural)
छित् (singular vocative)
छिदौ (dual vocative)
छिदा1 (dual vocative)
छिदः (plural vocative)
छित् (nominative singular)
छिदौ (dual nominative)
छिदा1 (dual nominative)
छिदः (nominative plural)
छिदम् (accusative singular)
छिदौ (accusative dual)
छिदा1 (accusative dual)
छिदः (accusative plural)
छिदा (instrumental singular)
छिद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
छिद्भिः (instrumental plural)
छिदे (dative singular)
छिद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
छिद्भ्यः (dative plural)
छिदः (ablative singular)
छिद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
छिद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
छिदः (genitive singular)
छिदोः (dual genitive)
छिदाम् (genitive plural)
छिदि (locative singular)
छिदोः (dual locative)
छित्सु (locative plural)
छित् (singular vocative)
छिदौ (dual vocative)
छिदा1 (dual vocative)
छिदः (plural vocative)
छित् (nominative singular)
छिदी (dual nominative)
छिन्दि (nominative plural)
छित् (accusative singular)
छिदी (accusative dual)
छिन्दि (accusative plural)
छिदा (instrumental singular)
छिद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
छिद्भिः (instrumental plural)
छिदे (dative singular)
छिद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
छिद्भ्यः (dative plural)
छिदः (ablative singular)
छिद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
छिद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
छिदः (genitive singular)
छिदोः (dual genitive)
छिदाम् (genitive plural)
छिदि (locative singular)
छिदोः (dual locative)
छित्सु (locative plural)
छित् (singular vocative)
छिदी (dual vocative)
छिन्दि (plural vocative)


स्पश्

spáś (romanization)
पश् (root)
स्पट् (nominative singular)
स्पशौ (dual nominative)
स्पशा1 (dual nominative)
स्पशः (nominative plural)
स्पशम् (accusative singular)
स्पशौ (accusative dual)
स्पशा1 (accusative dual)
स्पशः (accusative plural)
स्पशा (instrumental singular)
स्पड्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्पड्भिः (instrumental plural)
स्पशे (dative singular)
स्पड्भ्याम् (dative dual)
स्पड्भ्यः (dative plural)
स्पशः (ablative singular)
स्पड्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्पड्भ्यः (ablative plural)
स्पशः (genitive singular)
स्पशोः (dual genitive)
स्पशाम् (genitive plural)
स्पशि (locative singular)
स्पशोः (dual locative)
स्पट्सु (locative plural)
स्पट् (singular vocative)
स्पशौ (dual vocative)
स्पशा1 (dual vocative)
स्पशः (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *speḱ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *spéḱs
Proto-Indo-Iranian *spáćš
Sanskrit स्पश् (spaś)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *spáṭṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *spáćš, from Proto-Indo-European *spéḱs (“spy; watcher, observer”), from *speḱ- (“to see”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬯 (spas, “spy”), Latin au-spex, haru-spex. Also related to English spy.

inh

प्र वः॒ स्पळ् अ॑क्रन्त् सुवि॒ताय॑ दा॒वने ऽर्चा॑ दि॒वे प्र पृ॑थि॒व्या ऋ॒तं भ॑रे ।
उ॒क्षन्ते॒ अश्वा॒न् तरु॑षन्त॒ आ रजो ऽनु॒ स्वं भा॒नुं श्र॑थयन्ते अर्ण॒वैः ॥
prá vaḥ spáḷ akrant suvitā́ya dāváné ʼrcā divé prá pṛthivyā́ ṛtáṃ bhare.

Your spy has called to you to give prosperity. I sing to Heaven and Earth and offer worship.
They [the Maruts] bathe their horses and hasten through the skies: they spread abroad their radiance through the sea of cloud.

ukṣánte áśvān táruṣanta ā́ rájó ʼnu sváṃ bhānúṃ śrathayante arṇavaíḥ.

बिभ्र॑द् द्रा॒पिं हि॑र॒ण्ययं॒ वरु॑णो वस्त नि॒र्णिज॑म् ।
परि॒ स्पशो॒ नि षे॑दिरे ॥
bíbhrad drāpíṃ hiraṇyáyaṃ váruṇo vasta nirṇíjam.
pári spáśo ní ṣedire.

Varuṇa, wearing a golden armour, hath clad himself in a shining robe.

a spy; one who looks or beholds; a watcher


स्पश्

head

स्पश् • (spaś)

sa-root

स्पश् • (spaś)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ḱ-
Sanskrit स्पश् (spaś)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *(s)paHś-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *(s)paHć-, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)peh₂ḱ-.

inh+

alternative form of पश् (paś, “to bind”)


क्षु

kṣú (romanization)
क्षु (nominative singular)
क्षुणी (dual nominative)
क्षूणि (nominative plural)
क्षु1 (nominative plural)
क्षू1 (nominative plural)
क्षु (accusative singular)
क्षुणी (accusative dual)
क्षूणि (accusative plural)
क्षु1 (accusative plural)
क्षू1 (accusative plural)
क्षुणा (instrumental singular)
क्ष्वा1 (instrumental singular)
क्षुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
क्षुभिः (instrumental plural)
क्षुणे (dative singular)
क्षवे1 (dative singular)
क्षुभ्याम् (dative dual)
क्षुभ्यः (dative plural)
क्षुणः (ablative singular)
क्षोः1 (ablative singular)
क्षुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
क्षुभ्यः (ablative plural)
क्षुणः (genitive singular)
क्षोः1 (genitive singular)
क्षुणोः (dual genitive)
क्ष्वोः1 (dual genitive)
क्षूणाम् (genitive plural)
क्षुणि (locative singular)
क्षौ1 (locative singular)
क्षुणोः (dual locative)
क्ष्वोः1 (dual locative)
क्षुषु (locative plural)
क्षु (singular vocative)
क्षो (singular vocative)
क्षुणी (dual vocative)
क्षूणि (plural vocative)
क्षु1 (plural vocative)
क्षू1 (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *kṣú, from a zero-grade derivative of Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰas- (“to eat”).

c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda


क्षु

head

क्षु • (kṣu)

sa-root

क्षु • (kṣu)

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *ksew- or *skew- (“to sneeze”).


मिह्

míh (romanization)
मिक् (nominative singular)
मिहौ (dual nominative)
मिहा1 (dual nominative)
मिहः (nominative plural)
मिहम् (accusative singular)
मिहौ (accusative dual)
मिहा1 (accusative dual)
मिहः (accusative plural)
मिहा (instrumental singular)
मिग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मिग्भिः (instrumental plural)
मिहे (dative singular)
मिग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
मिग्भ्यः (dative plural)
मिहः (ablative singular)
मिग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
मिग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
मिहः (genitive singular)
मिहोः (dual genitive)
मिहाम् (genitive plural)
मिहि (locative singular)
मिहोः (dual locative)
मिक्षु (locative plural)
मिक् (singular vocative)
मिहौ (dual vocative)
मिहा1 (dual vocative)
मिहः (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hmíkš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃mígʰs, from *h₃meygʰ- (“fog, mist, cloud”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὀμίχλη (omíkhlē, “fog, mist”), Lithuanian miglà (“mist, haze”), English mist. Also related to मेघ (meghá, “cloud”).

cog

वपन्ति मरुतो मिहं प्र वेपयन्ति पर्वतान् ।

The Maruts spread the mist abroad and make mountains rock and reel

vapanti maruto mihaṃ pra vepayanti parvatān.


युध्

yúdh (romanization)
युत् (nominative singular)
युधौ (dual nominative)
युधा1 (dual nominative)
युधः (nominative plural)
युधम् (accusative singular)
युधौ (accusative dual)
युधा1 (accusative dual)
युधः (accusative plural)
युधा (instrumental singular)
युद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
युद्भिः (instrumental plural)
युधे (dative singular)
युद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
युद्भ्यः (dative plural)
युधः (ablative singular)
युद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
युद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
युधः (genitive singular)
युधोः (dual genitive)
युधाम् (genitive plural)
युधि (locative singular)
युधोः (dual locative)
युत्सु (locative plural)
युत् (singular vocative)
युधौ (dual vocative)
युधा1 (dual vocative)
युधः (plural vocative)
योध् (alternative)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hyúts, from Proto-Indo-European *Hyúdʰs.

अषा॑ळ्हं यु॒त्सु पृत॑नासु॒ पप्रिं॑ स्व॒र्षाम॒प्सां वृ॒जन॑स्य गो॒पाम् ।
भ॒रे॒षु॒जां सु॑क्षि॒तिं सु॒श्रव॑सं॒ जय॑न्तं॒ त्वामनु॑ मदेम सोम ॥
áṣāḷhaṃ yutsú pṛ́tanāsu pápriṃ svarṣā́mapsā́ṃ vṛjánasya gopā́m.

Invincible in fight, saver in battles, guard of our camp, winner of light and water,
Born amid hymns, well-housed, exceeding famous, victor, in thee will we rejoice, O Soma.

bhareṣujā́ṃ sukṣitíṃ suśrávasaṃ jáyantaṃ tvā́mánu madema soma.


युध्

yudh (romanization)
युत् (nominative singular)
युधौ (dual nominative)
युधा1 (dual nominative)
युधः (nominative plural)
युधम् (accusative singular)
युधौ (accusative dual)
युधा1 (accusative dual)
युधः (accusative plural)
युधा (instrumental singular)
युद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
युद्भिः (instrumental plural)
युधे (dative singular)
युद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
युद्भ्यः (dative plural)
युधः (ablative singular)
युद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
युद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
युधः (genitive singular)
युधोः (dual genitive)
युधाम् (genitive plural)
युधि (locative singular)
युधोः (dual locative)
युत्सु (locative plural)
युत् (singular vocative)
युधौ (dual vocative)
युधा1 (dual vocative)
युधः (plural vocative)
योध् (alternative)


इष्

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hiṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hiś, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eys-.
Cognate with Proto-Slavic *jьskati (“to seek”), Latin aestimō (“to value, estimate”) and English ask.

to desire, wish, long for, request, particularly:

to desire, wish, long for, request
to intend or be about to do

to desire, wish, long for, request
to strive to obtain

to desire, wish, long for, request
to ask for

to desire, wish, long for, request
to assent, be favourable, concede

to desire, wish, long for, request
to choose

(passive voice) to be wanted, particularly:


इष्

Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hiṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hiṣ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eysh₂- (“to power, drive”).

inh

to send out or off, stream out, pour out, discharge


नृत्

head

नृत् • (nṛt)

sa-root

नृत् • (nṛt)

Of uncertain origin. According to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ner- (“to twist, turn”), and cognate with English narrow. However, Mayrhofer does not mention this derivation at all, and prefers to derive the root from a t-extension of Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr (“power, vital energy; man”).


धृ

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dʰar-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰar-, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold, support”).

inh

हि॒र॒ण्य॒ग॒र्भः सम॑वर्त॒ताग्रे॑ भू॒तस्य॑ जा॒तः पति॒रेक॑ आसीत् ।
स दा॑धार पृथि॒वीं द्यामु॒तेमां कस्मै॑ दे॒वाय॑ ह॒विषा॑ विधेम ॥
hiraṇyagarbháḥ sámavartatā́gre bhūtásya jātáḥ pátiréka āsīt.
sá dādhāra pṛthivī́ṃ dyā́mutémā́ṃ kásmai devā́ya havíṣā vidhema.

he upheld this earth and heaven-- let us offer worship with an oblation to the divine.

Hiraṇyagarbha was present at the beginning; when born, he was the sole lord of created beings;


मुच्

head

मुच् • (muc)

sa-root

मुच् • (muc)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *(s)mewk-
Sanskrit मुच् (muc)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *mawk-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *(s)mawk-, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mewk- (“to release, slip”).


मुच्

muc (romanization)
मुक् (nominative singular)
मुचौ (dual nominative)
मुचा1 (dual nominative)
मुचः (nominative plural)
मुचम् (accusative singular)
मुचौ (accusative dual)
मुचा1 (accusative dual)
मुचः (accusative plural)
मुचा (instrumental singular)
मुग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मुग्भिः (instrumental plural)
मुचे (dative singular)
मुग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
मुग्भ्यः (dative plural)
मुचः (ablative singular)
मुग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
मुग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
मुचः (genitive singular)
मुचोः (dual genitive)
मुचाम् (genitive plural)
मुचि (locative singular)
मुचोः (dual locative)
मुक्षु (locative plural)
मुक् (singular vocative)
मुचौ (dual vocative)
मुचा1 (dual vocative)
मुचः (plural vocative)
मुक् (nominative singular)
मुचौ (dual nominative)
मुचा1 (dual nominative)
मुचः (nominative plural)
मुचम् (accusative singular)
मुचौ (accusative dual)
मुचा1 (accusative dual)
मुचः (accusative plural)
मुचा (instrumental singular)
मुग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मुग्भिः (instrumental plural)
मुचे (dative singular)
मुग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
मुग्भ्यः (dative plural)
मुचः (ablative singular)
मुग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
मुग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
मुचः (genitive singular)
मुचोः (dual genitive)
मुचाम् (genitive plural)
मुचि (locative singular)
मुचोः (dual locative)
मुक्षु (locative plural)
मुक् (singular vocative)
मुचौ (dual vocative)
मुचा1 (dual vocative)
मुचः (plural vocative)
मुक् (nominative singular)
मुची (dual nominative)
मुञ्चि (nominative plural)
मुक् (accusative singular)
मुची (accusative dual)
मुञ्चि (accusative plural)
मुचा (instrumental singular)
मुग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मुग्भिः (instrumental plural)
मुचे (dative singular)
मुग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
मुग्भ्यः (dative plural)
मुचः (ablative singular)
मुग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
मुग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
मुचः (genitive singular)
मुचोः (dual genitive)
मुचाम् (genitive plural)
मुचि (locative singular)
मुचोः (dual locative)
मुक्षु (locative plural)
मुक् (singular vocative)
मुची (dual vocative)
मुञ्चि (plural vocative)

letting go or letting fall, dropping, discharging, shooting, sending


मुच्

muc (romanization)
मुक् (nominative singular)
मुचौ (dual nominative)
मुचा1 (dual nominative)
मुचः (nominative plural)
मुचम् (accusative singular)
मुचौ (accusative dual)
मुचा1 (accusative dual)
मुचः (accusative plural)
मुचा (instrumental singular)
मुग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मुग्भिः (instrumental plural)
मुचे (dative singular)
मुग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
मुग्भ्यः (dative plural)
मुचः (ablative singular)
मुग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
मुग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
मुचः (genitive singular)
मुचोः (dual genitive)
मुचाम् (genitive plural)
मुचि (locative singular)
मुचोः (dual locative)
मुक्षु (locative plural)
मुक् (singular vocative)
मुचौ (dual vocative)
मुचा1 (dual vocative)
मुचः (plural vocative)


मुच्

head

मुच् • (muc)

sa-root

मुच् • (muc)

alternative form of मच् (mac, “to cheat, deceive”)


इङ्ग्

head

इङ्ग् • (iṅg)

sa-root

इङ्ग् • (iṅg)


कुट्ट्

head

कुट्ट् • (kuṭṭ)

sa-root

कुट्ट् • (kuṭṭ)

Likely from Dravidian. Compare Tamil குட்டு (kuṭṭu, “knock, pound, strike”).


त्रप्

head

त्रप् • (trap)

sa-root

त्रप् • (trap)

From Proto-Indo-European *trep- (“to turn, bow the head (in shame)”).
Cognates include Latin turpis (“foul, base”) whence English turpitude, Latin trepidus (“nervous, agitated”) whence English intrepid.


त्रै

Related to Avestan 𐬚𐬭𐬁 (θrā, “to protect”, root). Further etymology unclear.

to protect, preserve, cherish, defend, rescue


चुद्

head

चुद् • (cud)

sa-root

चुद् • (cud)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewd- (“to shoot, propel, throw”). Cognate with Persian چست (čost, “quick, active”), Russian кида́ть (kidátʹ), Old English sċēotan (whence English shoot), Greek σπεύδω, σπουδάζω (spévdo, spoudázo), Latin cudo.

cog

σπεύδω, σπουδάζω


इरस्

iras (romanization)
इरः (nominative singular)
इरसी (dual nominative)
इरांसि (nominative plural)
इरः (accusative singular)
इरसी (accusative dual)
इरांसि (accusative plural)
इरसा (instrumental singular)
इरोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
इरोभिः (instrumental plural)
इरसे (dative singular)
इरोभ्याम् (dative dual)
इरोभ्यः (dative plural)
इरसः (ablative singular)
इरोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
इरोभ्यः (ablative plural)
इरसः (genitive singular)
इरसोः (dual genitive)
इरसाम् (genitive plural)
इरसि (locative singular)
इरसोः (dual locative)
इरःसु (locative plural)
इरः (singular vocative)
इरसी (dual vocative)
इरांसि (plural vocative)


इरस्

to be ill-affected towards (dative case)


वल्

Of uncertain origin.
Traditionally derived directly from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, round”). However, due to the chronologically late attestation of the root, this is unlikely.
Tedesco derives the root from वृत् (vṛt, “to turn, rotate”); connections to तोरण (toraṇa, “an arch”), वलि (vali, “a wrinkle”), वलय (valaya, “a bracelet, circle”), and वेल्ल् (vell, “to shake about, sway”) have also been proposed.


शू

śū (romanization)
श्वि (alternative)
शव् (alternative)

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁- (“to swell”).


गृध्

head

गृध् • (gṛdh)

sa-root

गृध् • (gṛdh)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾eldʰ-
Sanskrit गृध् (gṛdh)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾eldʰ- (“to be greedy, hungry”). Cognates include Proto-Slavic *gȏldъ (“hunger”), whence Russian го́лод (gólod). English greed is a false cognate.

inh+

Arthur Anthony Macdonell
William Dwight Whitney


जस्

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *(s)gʷes-
Sanskrit जस् (jas)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *(s)gʷes-.


शुम्भ्

head

शुम्भ् • (śumbh)

sa-root

शुम्भ् • (śumbh)

From a nasal infixed form of Proto-Indo-European *ḱewbʰ- (“pretty”), an extension of *ḱew- (“to shine”).


घिण्ण्

head

घिण्ण् • (ghiṇṇ)

sa-root

घिण्ण् • (ghiṇṇ)

ghiṇṇ (romanization)
घुण्ण् (alternative)
घृण्ण् (alternative)

Based on घिण्णते (ghiṇṇate), a sanskritization of a variant form of Prakrit गण्हइ (gaṇhaï) with assimilated gh- (for which compare Marathi घेणे (gheṇe)). Ultimately from Sanskrit गृह्णाति (gṛhṇā́ti).


घुण्

head

घुण् • (ghuṇ)

sa-root

घुण् • (ghuṇ)


घूर्ण्

head

घूर्ण् • (ghūrṇ)

sa-root

घूर्ण् • (ghūrṇ)

Of uncertain origin.
Perhaps from an adjective घूर्ण (ghūrṇa) reanalyzed as a root, with *घूर् (ghūr) being the original form; via this derivation, forms a set of roots with घृ (ghṛ, “to sprinkle, drizzle”) and घ्रा (ghrā, “to smell, perceive”).
Older sources connected the root to Dravidian; compare Kannada ಕುಣಿ (kuṇi, “to dance”). However, this is now considered obsolete.

to waver, move to and fro, shake, be agitated, roll about


पॄ

pṝ (romanization)
पृ (alternative)
पृण् (alternative)
पूर् (alternative)
पर् (alternative)
प्रा (alternative)

From Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πλήθω (plḗthō, “to fill”), πληθώρη (plēthṓrē, “fullness”) whence English plethora, πολῠ́ς (polŭ́s, “many”) whence English poly-; Latin pleō (“fill”), plenus (“full”) whence English replenish etc, Latin plūs, German viel (“a lot”), English fill.


पॄ

From Proto-Indo-European *perh₃- (“to give, provide”). Cognate with Persian پاره (pâre, “torn; piece, part”), Ancient Greek ἔπορον (époron, “give, grant”), Old Irish ernaid (“to bestow, grant”).

cog

to grant abundantly, bestow on, present with


पृ

Likely a specialized usage of पृ in the "fill up" or "further" senses described under Etymologies 2 and 3.

to be busy or active (mostly with prefix वि- (vi-) + आ- (ā-) or only with आ- (ā-)).


पृ

पृणोति पृणोति#Sanskrit

to bring over or to (acc.), bring out of, deliver from (abl.), rescue, save, protect (with पृणोति (pṛṇoti)), escort, further, promote


निज्

head

निज् • (nij)

sa-root

निज् • (nij)

From Proto-Indo-European *neygʷ- (“to cleanse, wash”). Cognate with Ancient Greek νίζω (nízō), Old Irish nigid.


विज्

head

विज् • (vij)

sa-root

विज् • (vij)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *wayȷ́-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wayǰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *weyg-.


विष्

head

विष् • (viṣ)

sa-root

विष् • (viṣ)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁- (“to chase, pursue”). Other theories derive the root from Proto-Indo-European *weys- (“to spread, increase, produce”).

inh

to have done with, i.e. overcome, subdue, rule


घृ

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer-
Sanskrit घृ (ghṛ)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”).


एध्

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ-
Sanskrit एध् (edh)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Haydʰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ-.


स्पर्ध्

head

स्पर्ध् • (spardh)

sa-root

स्पर्ध् • (spardh)

स्पृध् स्पृध्#Sanskrit


गाध्

head

गाध् • (gādh)

sa-root

गाध् • (gādh)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₂-der.?
Sanskrit गा॒ध (gādhá)bf.
Sanskrit गाध् (gādh)
Back-formation from गा॒ध (gādhá), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₂-.


नाध्

head

नाध् • (nādh)

sa-root

नाध् • (nādh)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *naHdʰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *neh₃dʰ-, related to आध्र (ādhra, “poor, destitute”) and perhaps Ancient Greek νωθρός (nōthrós, “sluggish, slothful”). Influenced नाथ् (nāth), but not etymologically related to it, contrary to Monier-Williams and Whitney.


नाथ्

head

नाथ् • (nāth)

sa-root

नाथ् • (nāth)

Denominalized root from नाथ (nātha, “refuge; protector”); see there for more.

to seek aid, approach with prayers or requests

(ātmanepada only) to bless, wish well, give blessings to someone


स्कुन्द्

head

स्कुन्द् • (skund)

sa-root

स्कुन्द् • (skund)

स्कन्द् स्कन्द्#Sanskrit


वन्द्

head

वन्द् • (vand)

sa-root

वन्द् • (vand)

Possibly related to वद् (vad, “to speak”).


मन्द्

head

मन्द् • (mand)

sa-root

मन्द् • (mand)

Phonetic variant of मद् (mad, “to rejoice”); see there for more.

to rejoice, be glad or delighted, be drunk or intoxicated

to gladden, exhilarate, intoxicate, inflame, inspirit


मन्द्

head

मन्द् • (mand)

sa-root

मन्द् • (mand)


स्पन्द्

head

स्पन्द् • (spand)

sa-root

स्पन्द् • (spand)

Uncertain. Probably Proto-Indo-European *sphend- (“to quiver”). Compare Ancient Greek σφενδόνη (sphendónē, “sling”).

cog

to vibrate, quake, palpitate, throb with life


क्लिन्द्

head

क्लिन्द् • (klind)

sa-root

क्लिन्द् • (klind)


मुद्

mud (romanization)
मुद् (root)
मुत् (nominative singular)
मुदौ (dual nominative)
मुदा1 (dual nominative)
मुदः (nominative plural)
मुदम् (accusative singular)
मुदौ (accusative dual)
मुदा1 (accusative dual)
मुदः (accusative plural)
मुदा (instrumental singular)
मुद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मुद्भिः (instrumental plural)
मुदे (dative singular)
मुद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
मुद्भ्यः (dative plural)
मुदः (ablative singular)
मुद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
मुद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
मुदः (genitive singular)
मुदोः (dual genitive)
मुदाम् (genitive plural)
मुदि (locative singular)
मुदोः (dual locative)
मुत्सु (locative plural)
मुत् (singular vocative)
मुदौ (dual vocative)
मुदा1 (dual vocative)
मुदः (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *mewd- (“to become happy”), whence also Lithuanian mudrùs.


स्वद्

head

स्वद् • (svad)

sa-root

स्वद् • (svad)

From Proto-Indo-European *sweh₂d- (“sweet”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἡδῠ́ς (hēdŭ́s), ἡδονή (hēdonḗ, “delight, taste”) whence English hedonism; Latin suādeō, suavis; English sweet.


स्वर्द्

head

स्वर्द् • (svard)

sa-root

स्वर्द् • (svard)


ऊर्द्

head

ऊर्द् • (ūrd)

sa-root

ऊर्द् • (ūrd)


क्लन्द्

head

क्लन्द् • (kland)

sa-root

क्लन्द् • (kland)


रुध्

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *rawdʰ- (“to obstruct”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *lewdʰ- (“idem”); compare Welsh arlludd (“obstacle”).

inh

to shut up, lock or block up, close up, shut or close


क्षण्

head

क्षण् • (kṣaṇ)

sa-root

क्षण् • (kṣaṇ)

From Proto-Indo-European *tḱen- (“strike”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κτείνω (kteínō, “kill, slay”).

cog

क्षन् क्षन्#Sanskrit


क्षिण्

head

क्षिण् • (kṣiṇ)

sa-root

क्षिण् • (kṣiṇ)


तृण्

head

तृण् • (tṛṇ)

sa-root

तृण् • (tṛṇ)


घृण्

head

घृण् • (ghṛṇ)

sa-root

घृण् • (ghṛṇ)


वन्

Often seen as conflation of Proto-Indo-European *wen- (“to conquer, win”) and Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to love, wish”), but whether there really was a semantic difference between the aniṭ- and seṭ-forms is doubtful. Cognate with Latin venus, venēnum whence English venom, Latin venia, veneror (“venerate”); English wish, win, wean, wont, wonder.


चित्

head

चित् • (cit)

sa-root

चित् • (cit)

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷeyt- (“to perceive, observe”), t-extension of *kʷey- (whence चि (ci, “to observe”)).


उपसंगम्

to approach together, to join in approaching (someone).


हुर्छ्

head

हुर्छ् • (hurch)

sa-root

हुर्छ् • (hurch)

हूर्छ् हूर्छ्#Sanskrit


ह्वृ

head

ह्वृ • (hvṛ)

sa-root

ह्वृ • (hvṛ)

hvṛ (romanization)
ह्वॄ (alternative)
ह्रु (alternative)
ह्वल् (alternative)
हुस् (alternative)
हुर् (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰwel- (“to lie, deceive, bend”); cognate with Ancient Greek φῆλος (phêlos, “deceitful”), Proto-Slavic *zъlъ, Avestan 𐬰𐬎𐬭𐬀𐬵 (zurah, “injustice”), Lithuanian žulas (“rough”), Latvian zveļu (“to turn aside”). Doublet of ह्वल् (hval) and हुस् (hus).

cog

to deviate or diverge from the right line


स्वृ

head

स्वृ • (svṛ)

sa-root

स्वृ • (svṛ)

स्वर् स्वर्#Sanskrit

alternative form of स्वर् (svar, “to sound”)


पश्य्

head

पश्य् • (paśy)

Suppletive root of दृश् (dṛś): to see, look


उष्

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ews- (“to burn”). Cognate with Ancient Greek εὕω (heúō), Latin ūrō.

ओषांचकार

oṣā́ṃcakā́ra


सस्

From Proto-Indo-European *ses-. Cognate to Hittite [Term?] (/šešzi/).


दुह्

dúh (romanization)
दुह् (root)
धुक् (nominative singular)
दुहौ (dual nominative)
दुहा1 (dual nominative)
दुहः (nominative plural)
दुहम् (accusative singular)
दुहौ (accusative dual)
दुहा1 (accusative dual)
दुहः (accusative plural)
दुहा (instrumental singular)
धुग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
धुग्भिः (instrumental plural)
दुहे (dative singular)
धुग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
धुग्भ्यः (dative plural)
दुहः (ablative singular)
धुग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
धुग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
दुहः (genitive singular)
दुहोः (dual genitive)
दुहाम् (genitive plural)
दुहि (locative singular)
दुहोः (dual locative)
धुक्षु (locative plural)
धुक् (singular vocative)
दुहौ (dual vocative)
दुहा1 (dual vocative)
दुहः (plural vocative)
धुक् (nominative singular)
दुहौ (dual nominative)
दुहा1 (dual nominative)
दुहः (nominative plural)
दुहम् (accusative singular)
दुहौ (accusative dual)
दुहा1 (accusative dual)
दुहः (accusative plural)
दुहा (instrumental singular)
धुग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
धुग्भिः (instrumental plural)
दुहे (dative singular)
धुग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
धुग्भ्यः (dative plural)
दुहः (ablative singular)
धुग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
धुग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
दुहः (genitive singular)
दुहोः (dual genitive)
दुहाम् (genitive plural)
दुहि (locative singular)
दुहोः (dual locative)
धुक्षु (locative plural)
धुक् (singular vocative)
दुहौ (dual vocative)
दुहा1 (dual vocative)
दुहः (plural vocative)
धुक् (nominative singular)
दुही (dual nominative)
दुंहि (nominative plural)
धुक् (accusative singular)
दुही (accusative dual)
दुंहि (accusative plural)
दुहा (instrumental singular)
धुग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
धुग्भिः (instrumental plural)
दुहे (dative singular)
धुग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
धुग्भ्यः (dative plural)
दुहः (ablative singular)
धुग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
धुग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
दुहः (genitive singular)
दुहोः (dual genitive)
दुहाम् (genitive plural)
दुहि (locative singular)
दुहोः (dual locative)
धुक्षु (locative plural)
धुक् (singular vocative)
दुही (dual vocative)
दुंहि (plural vocative)
दोघ् (alternative)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰawgʰ- (“to (draw) milk”), traditionally derived further from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewgʰ- (“to yield, to produce”), and compared with German taugen (“to be fit”), though Cheung and Mayrhofer note that the semantic shifts present in the descendants are nontrivial.

inh

(at the end of a compound) yielding, granting


लिह्

head

लिह् • (lih)

lih (romanization)
लिट् (nominative singular)
लिहौ (dual nominative)
लिहा1 (dual nominative)
लिहः (nominative plural)
लिहम् (accusative singular)
लिहौ (accusative dual)
लिहा1 (accusative dual)
लिहः (accusative plural)
लिहा (instrumental singular)
लिड्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
लिड्भिः (instrumental plural)
लिहे (dative singular)
लिड्भ्याम् (dative dual)
लिड्भ्यः (dative plural)
लिहः (ablative singular)
लिड्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
लिड्भ्यः (ablative plural)
लिहः (genitive singular)
लिहोः (dual genitive)
लिहाम् (genitive plural)
लिहि (locative singular)
लिहोः (dual locative)
लिट्सु (locative plural)
लिट् (singular vocative)
लिहौ (dual vocative)
लिहा1 (dual vocative)
लिहः (plural vocative)
लिट् (nominative singular)
लिहौ (dual nominative)
लिहा1 (dual nominative)
लिहः (nominative plural)
लिहम् (accusative singular)
लिहौ (accusative dual)
लिहा1 (accusative dual)
लिहः (accusative plural)
लिहा (instrumental singular)
लिड्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
लिड्भिः (instrumental plural)
लिहे (dative singular)
लिड्भ्याम् (dative dual)
लिड्भ्यः (dative plural)
लिहः (ablative singular)
लिड्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
लिड्भ्यः (ablative plural)
लिहः (genitive singular)
लिहोः (dual genitive)
लिहाम् (genitive plural)
लिहि (locative singular)
लिहोः (dual locative)
लिट्सु (locative plural)
लिट् (singular vocative)
लिहौ (dual vocative)
लिहा1 (dual vocative)
लिहः (plural vocative)
लिट् (nominative singular)
लिही (dual nominative)
लिंहि (nominative plural)
लिट् (accusative singular)
लिही (accusative dual)
लिंहि (accusative plural)
लिहा (instrumental singular)
लिड्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
लिड्भिः (instrumental plural)
लिहे (dative singular)
लिड्भ्याम् (dative dual)
लिड्भ्यः (dative plural)
लिहः (ablative singular)
लिड्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
लिड्भ्यः (ablative plural)
लिहः (genitive singular)
लिहोः (dual genitive)
लिहाम् (genitive plural)
लिहि (locative singular)
लिहोः (dual locative)
लिट्सु (locative plural)
लिट् (singular vocative)
लिही (dual vocative)
लिंहि (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *líṭṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *líćš, from Proto-Indo-European *líǵʰs, from *leyǵʰ- (“to lick”).


सू

sū (romanization)
सु (alternative)
सव् (alternative)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *suH-, from Proto-Indo-European *súHs, from *sewH- (“to give birth, to bear a child”).

to beget, procreate, bring forth, bear, produce, yield


सू

sū́ (romanization)
सूः (nominative singular)
सुवौ (dual nominative)
सुवः (nominative plural)
सुवम् (accusative singular)
सुवौ (accusative dual)
सुवः (accusative plural)
सुवा (instrumental singular)
सूभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सूभिः (instrumental plural)
सुवे (dative singular)
सुवै1 (dative singular)
सूभ्याम् (dative dual)
सूभ्यः (dative plural)
सुवः (ablative singular)
सुवाः1 (ablative singular)
सुवै2 (ablative singular)
सूभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सूभ्यः (ablative plural)
सुवः (genitive singular)
सुवाः1 (genitive singular)
सुवै2 (genitive singular)
सुवोः (dual genitive)
सुवाम् (genitive plural)
सूनाम्1 (genitive plural)
सुवि (locative singular)
सुवाम्1 (locative singular)
सुवोः (dual locative)
सूषु (locative plural)
सूः (singular vocative)
सुवौ (dual vocative)
सुवः (plural vocative)
सूः (nominative singular)
सुवौ (dual nominative)
सुवः (nominative plural)
सुवम् (accusative singular)
सुवौ (accusative dual)
सुवः (accusative plural)
सुवा (instrumental singular)
सूभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सूभिः (instrumental plural)
सुवे (dative singular)
सुवै1 (dative singular)
सूभ्याम् (dative dual)
सूभ्यः (dative plural)
सुवः (ablative singular)
सुवाः1 (ablative singular)
सुवै2 (ablative singular)
सूभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सूभ्यः (ablative plural)
सुवः (genitive singular)
सुवाः1 (genitive singular)
सुवै2 (genitive singular)
सुवोः (dual genitive)
सुवाम् (genitive plural)
सूनाम्1 (genitive plural)
सुवि (locative singular)
सुवाम्1 (locative singular)
सुवोः (dual locative)
सूषु (locative plural)
सूः (singular vocative)
सुवौ (dual vocative)
सुवः (plural vocative)
सु (alternative)
सव् (alternative)


सू

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *sawH-, from Proto-Indo-European *sewH- (“to push (forth)”). Cognate with Hittite [script needed] (šu-ú-iz-zi, “to push (away), shove, cast off”), Old Irish soïd (“to turn”).

cog

to set in motion, urge, impel, vivify, create, produce


पुंस्

púṃs (romanization)
पुमान् (nominative singular)
पुमांसौ (dual nominative)
पुमांसा  (Vedic) (dual nominative)
पुमांसः (nominative plural)
पुमन् (singular vocative)
पुमः  (Rigvedic) (singular vocative)
पुमांसौ (dual vocative)
पुमांसा  (Vedic) (dual vocative)
पुमांसः (plural vocative)
पुमांसम् (accusative singular)
पुमांसौ (accusative dual)
पुमांसा  (Vedic) (accusative dual)
पुंसः (accusative plural)
पुंसा (instrumental singular)
पुम्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पुम्भिः (instrumental plural)
पुंसे (dative singular)
पुम्भ्याम् (dative dual)
पुम्भ्यः (dative plural)
पुंसः (ablative singular)
पुम्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
पुम्भ्यः (ablative plural)
पुंसः (genitive singular)
पुंसोः (dual genitive)
पुंसाम् (genitive plural)
पुंसि (locative singular)
पुंसोः (dual locative)
पुंसु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *péwmōs ~ *pumsés. Related to Latin pūbēs.

c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda

c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata


म्ना

head

म्ना • (mnā)

sa-root

म्ना • (mnā)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *mnaH-, from Proto-Indo-European *mn-eh₂-.


वृत्

head

वृत् • (vṛt)

sa-root

वृत् • (vṛt)

From Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”).

चक्रवर्तिन्

whose wheels roll everywhere unobstructed; emperor, sovereign of the world

वर्तनि

circumference or felly of a wheel; track of a wheel; path

वर्ती

wrap, bandage, wick, streak, object rolled round

वृत्ति

rolling, way of life, state, existing, being in, business, wages, livelihood

अनुवृत्

follow, pursue, resemble, obey, assent, respect

प्रवृत्

to assume (an office), embrace (a duty), to be promoted


मृ

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *mar-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mar-, from Proto-Indo-European *mer-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬭- (mar-), Persian مردن (mordan), Northern Kurdish mirin, مردن (mirdin), Old Armenian մեռանիմ (meṙanim), Old Church Slavonic мрѣти (mrěti), Lithuanian mirti, Latin morior.

मार

slaying, killing, destroying; pestilence

मारण

death, slaughter, killing; destruction; slayer


परिवृत्

head

परिवृत् • (parivṛt)

sa-root

परिवृत् • (parivṛt)

Compound of परि- (pari-, “around”) + वृत् (vṛt, “to turn”).


अभिज्ञा

abhijñā (romanization)
अभिज्ञा (nominative singular)
अभिज्ञे (dual nominative)
अभिज्ञाः (nominative plural)
अभिज्ञाम् (accusative singular)
अभिज्ञे (accusative dual)
अभिज्ञाः (accusative plural)
अभिज्ञया (instrumental singular)
अभिज्ञाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अभिज्ञाभिः (instrumental plural)
अभिज्ञायै (dative singular)
अभिज्ञाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अभिज्ञाभ्यः (dative plural)
अभिज्ञायाः (ablative singular)
अभिज्ञाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अभिज्ञाभ्यः (ablative plural)
अभिज्ञायाः (genitive singular)
अभिज्ञयोः (dual genitive)
अभिज्ञानाम् (genitive plural)
अभिज्ञायाम् (locative singular)
अभिज्ञयोः (dual locative)
अभिज्ञासु (locative plural)
अभिज्ञे (singular vocative)
अभिज्ञे (dual vocative)
अभिज्ञाः (plural vocative)

/ɐ.bʱid͡ʑ.ɲɑː/


दम्

dám (romanization)
दन् (nominative singular)
दमी (dual nominative)
दमि (nominative plural)
दन् (accusative singular)
दमी (accusative dual)
दमि (accusative plural)
दमा (instrumental singular)
दन्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दन्भिः (instrumental plural)
दमे (dative singular)
दन्भ्याम् (dative dual)
दन्भ्यः (dative plural)
दमः (ablative singular)
दन्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
दन्भ्यः (ablative plural)
दमः (genitive singular)
दमोः (dual genitive)
दमाम् (genitive plural)
दमि (locative singular)
दमोः (dual locative)
दन्सु (locative plural)
दन् (singular vocative)
दमी (dual vocative)
दमि (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dám from Proto-Indo-European *dṓm (“house”). Cognate with Russian дом (dom), Ancient Greek δῶ (dô), Latin domus, English timber.

अस्याजरासो दमामरित्रा अर्चद्धूमासो अग्नयः पावकाः।

His are the fires, eternal, purifying, that make the houses move, whose smoke is shining

asyājarāso damāmaritrā arcaddhūmāso agnayaḥ pāvakāḥ.


दम्

From Proto-Indo-European *demh₂- (“to tame, domesticate”)

der

दम

दान्त (dāntá, “tamed, broken in, restrained, subdued”)


युज्

head

युज् • (yuj)

sa-root

युज् • (yuj)

From Proto-Indo-European *yewg- (“to join, yoke”). Cognate with Latin iungō whence English junction, join; Ancient Greek ζεύγνῡμῐ (zeúgnūmĭ, “to yoke”); English yoke.

युग

yoke, team, couple, brace; generation, age

योजन

yoking; harnessing; yojana (unit of distance)

योग्या

preparation, contrivance; exercise, practice; straps, traces

to make ready, prepare, arrange, fit out, set to work, use, employ, apply

to turn or direct or fix or concentrate (the mind, thoughts) upon

to join, unite, connect, add, bring together (to be attached, cleave to)

to bring into possession of, furnish or endow with


भस्

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *bʰes- (“to rub, grind”).


यज्

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hyaȷ́-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hyaȷ́-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁yaǵ- (“to sacrifice, worship”).


जू

jū (romanization)
जु (alternative)
जव् (alternative)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́awH- (“to quicken, to hasten, to impel, hurry”), possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root *ǵewH- (“force, drive”). Cognate with Middle Persian [script needed] (zwt' /zūd/) (whence Persian زود (zud, “early”)), Classical Persian زور (zōr, “force, strength”), and Avestan 𐬰𐬆𐬎𐬎𐬍𐬱𐬙𐬌𐬌𐬀 (zəuuīštiia, “quickest”). Possible Indo-European cognates include Old Norse keyra (“drive”) and Proto-Slavic *žurìti (“to rage”).


जू

jū́ (romanization)
जूः (nominative singular)
जुवौ (dual nominative)
जुवः (nominative plural)
जुवम् (accusative singular)
जुवौ (accusative dual)
जुवः (accusative plural)
जुवा (instrumental singular)
जूभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जूभिः (instrumental plural)
जुवे (dative singular)
जुवै1 (dative singular)
जूभ्याम् (dative dual)
जूभ्यः (dative plural)
जुवः (ablative singular)
जुवाः1 (ablative singular)
जुवै2 (ablative singular)
जूभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जूभ्यः (ablative plural)
जुवः (genitive singular)
जुवाः1 (genitive singular)
जुवै2 (genitive singular)
जुवोः (dual genitive)
जुवाम् (genitive plural)
जूनाम्1 (genitive plural)
जुवि (locative singular)
जुवाम्1 (locative singular)
जुवोः (dual locative)
जूषु (locative plural)
जूः (singular vocative)
जुवौ (dual vocative)
जुवः (plural vocative)
जूः (nominative singular)
जुवौ (dual nominative)
जुवः (nominative plural)
जुवम् (accusative singular)
जुवौ (accusative dual)
जुवः (accusative plural)
जुवा (instrumental singular)
जूभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जूभिः (instrumental plural)
जुवे (dative singular)
जुवै1 (dative singular)
जूभ्याम् (dative dual)
जूभ्यः (dative plural)
जुवः (ablative singular)
जुवाः1 (ablative singular)
जुवै2 (ablative singular)
जूभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जूभ्यः (ablative plural)
जुवः (genitive singular)
जुवाः1 (genitive singular)
जुवै2 (genitive singular)
जुवोः (dual genitive)
जुवाम् (genitive plural)
जूनाम्1 (genitive plural)
जुवि (locative singular)
जुवाम्1 (locative singular)
जुवोः (dual locative)
जूषु (locative plural)
जूः (singular vocative)
जुवौ (dual vocative)
जुवः (plural vocative)
जु (nominative singular)
जुनी (dual nominative)
जूनि (nominative plural)
जु1 (nominative plural)
जू1 (nominative plural)
जु (accusative singular)
जुनी (accusative dual)
जूनि (accusative plural)
जु1 (accusative plural)
जू1 (accusative plural)
जुना (instrumental singular)
ज्वा1 (instrumental singular)
जुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जुभिः (instrumental plural)
जुने (dative singular)
जवे (dative singular)
ज्वे1 (dative singular)
जुभ्याम् (dative dual)
जुभ्यः (dative plural)
जुनः (ablative singular)
जोः (ablative singular)
ज्वः1 (ablative singular)
जुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जुभ्यः (ablative plural)
जुनः (genitive singular)
जोः (genitive singular)
ज्वः1 (genitive singular)
जुनोः (dual genitive)
ज्वोः (dual genitive)
जूनाम् (genitive plural)
जुनि (locative singular)
जौ (locative singular)
जुनोः (dual locative)
ज्वोः (dual locative)
जुषु (locative plural)
जु (singular vocative)
जो (singular vocative)
जुनी (dual vocative)
जूनि (plural vocative)
जु1 (plural vocative)
जू1 (plural vocative)
जु (alternative)
जव् (alternative)


जू

jū (romanization)
जूः (nominative singular)
जुवौ (dual nominative)
जुवः (nominative plural)
जुवम् (accusative singular)
जुवौ (accusative dual)
जुवः (accusative plural)
जुवा (instrumental singular)
जूभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जूभिः (instrumental plural)
जुवे (dative singular)
जुवै1 (dative singular)
जूभ्याम् (dative dual)
जूभ्यः (dative plural)
जुवः (ablative singular)
जुवाः1 (ablative singular)
जुवै2 (ablative singular)
जूभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जूभ्यः (ablative plural)
जुवः (genitive singular)
जुवाः1 (genitive singular)
जुवै2 (genitive singular)
जुवोः (dual genitive)
जुवाम् (genitive plural)
जूनाम्1 (genitive plural)
जुवि (locative singular)
जुवाम्1 (locative singular)
जुवोः (dual locative)
जूषु (locative plural)
जूः (singular vocative)
जुवौ (dual vocative)
जुवः (plural vocative)
जु (alternative)
जव् (alternative)

a spot on the forehead (?) of horses and oxen


वी

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *wíH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wíH, from Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁-.

to go, move, approach (either as a friend i.e. ‘seek or take eagerly, grasp, seize, accept, enjoy’, or as an enemy i.e. ‘fall upon, attack, assail, visit, punish, avenge’)


वी

vī́ (romanization)
वीः (nominative singular)
वियौ (dual nominative)
वियः (nominative plural)
वियम् (accusative singular)
वियौ (accusative dual)
वियः (accusative plural)
विया (instrumental singular)
वीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वीभिः (instrumental plural)
विये (dative singular)
वियै1 (dative singular)
वीभ्याम् (dative dual)
वीभ्यः (dative plural)
वियः (ablative singular)
वियाः1 (ablative singular)
वियै2 (ablative singular)
वीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वीभ्यः (ablative plural)
वियः (genitive singular)
वियाः1 (genitive singular)
वियै2 (genitive singular)
वियोः (dual genitive)
वियाम् (genitive plural)
वीनाम्1 (genitive plural)
वियि (locative singular)
वियाम्1 (locative singular)
वियोः (dual locative)
वीषु (locative plural)
वीः (singular vocative)
वियौ (dual vocative)
वियः (plural vocative)
वीः (nominative singular)
वियौ (dual nominative)
वियः (nominative plural)
वियम् (accusative singular)
वियौ (accusative dual)
वियः (accusative plural)
विया (instrumental singular)
वीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वीभिः (instrumental plural)
विये (dative singular)
वियै1 (dative singular)
वीभ्याम् (dative dual)
वीभ्यः (dative plural)
वियः (ablative singular)
वियाः1 (ablative singular)
वियै2 (ablative singular)
वीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वीभ्यः (ablative plural)
वियः (genitive singular)
वियाः1 (genitive singular)
वियै2 (genitive singular)
वियोः (dual genitive)
वियाम् (genitive plural)
वीनाम्1 (genitive plural)
वियि (locative singular)
वियाम्1 (locative singular)
वियोः (dual locative)
वीषु (locative plural)
वीः (singular vocative)
वियौ (dual vocative)
वियः (plural vocative)
वीः (nominative singular)
वियौ (dual nominative)
वियः (nominative plural)
वियम् (accusative singular)
वियौ (accusative dual)
वियः (accusative plural)
विया (instrumental singular)
वीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वीभिः (instrumental plural)
विये (dative singular)
वियै1 (dative singular)
वीभ्याम् (dative dual)
वीभ्यः (dative plural)
वियः (ablative singular)
वियाः1 (ablative singular)
वियै2 (ablative singular)
वीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वीभ्यः (ablative plural)
वियः (genitive singular)
वियाः1 (genitive singular)
वियै2 (genitive singular)
वियोः (dual genitive)
वियाम् (genitive plural)
वीनाम्1 (genitive plural)
वियि (locative singular)
वियाम्1 (locative singular)
वियोः (dual locative)
वीषु (locative plural)
वीः (singular vocative)
वियौ (dual vocative)
वियः (plural vocative)
वय् (alternative)


प्सा

head

प्सा • (psā)

From भस् (bhas), whence बप्सति (bápsati).


राध्

राध् • (rādh)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *HraHdʰ-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HraHdʰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *Hreh₁dʰ- (“to think, arrange, accomplish”).

inh

to succeed, accomplish, perform, be accomplished, prosper, thrive, flourish

राद्ध

accomplished, perfected; successful, fortunate

राधस्

favor, bounty; munificence; success; wealth, power

राध्य

to be accomplished, won, propitiated, worshipped


टङ्क्

head

टङ्क् • (ṭaṅk)

sa-root

टङ्क् • (ṭaṅk)

(with उद् (ud)) to scrape, scratch, bore out, or pierce through.


जॄ

jṝ (romanization)
जर् (alternative)
जुर् (alternative)
जृ (alternative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵerh₂-
Sanskrit जॄ (jṝ)
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́arH-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́arH-, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵerh₂-.


सु

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *saw-, from Proto-Indo-European *sewh₁- (“to press, push forth; juice, liquid, rain”). Cognate with Hittite [script needed] (šu-ú-ez-zi /šuwezi/, “to push (away), shove, cast off”), Younger Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬥𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬙𐬌 (hunaoⁱti, “to press”), Lithuanian sáuja (handful), Proto-West Germanic *sauw (“juice”), Old Irish suth (“juice, milk”).

cog

to press out, extract (especially the juice from the soma plant for libations)

to distill, prepare (wines, spirits, etc.)


सम्पद्

to be produced, be brought forth, be born, arise


सम्पद्

sampád (romanization)
सम्पत् (nominative singular)
सम्पदौ (dual nominative)
सम्पदः (nominative plural)
सम्पदम् (accusative singular)
सम्पदौ (accusative dual)
सम्पदः (accusative plural)
सम्पदा (instrumental singular)
सम्पद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सम्पद्भिः (instrumental plural)
सम्पदे (dative singular)
सम्पद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
सम्पद्भ्यः (dative plural)
सम्पदः (ablative singular)
सम्पद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
सम्पद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
सम्पदः (genitive singular)
सम्पदोः (dual genitive)
सम्पदाम् (genitive plural)
सम्पदि (locative singular)
सम्पदोः (dual locative)
सम्पत्सु (locative plural)
सम्पत् (singular vocative)
सम्पदौ (dual vocative)
सम्पदः (plural vocative)


गुह्

head

गुह् • (guh)

sa-root

गुह् • (guh)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰawȷ́ʰ- (“to hide, conceal”). See गूहति (gūhati) for cognates.


गुह्

gúh (romanization)
घुट् (nominative singular)
गुहौ (dual nominative)
गुहा1 (dual nominative)
गुहः (nominative plural)
गुहम् (accusative singular)
गुहौ (accusative dual)
गुहा1 (accusative dual)
गुहः (accusative plural)
गुहा (instrumental singular)
घुड्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
घुड्भिः (instrumental plural)
गुहे (dative singular)
घुड्भ्याम् (dative dual)
घुड्भ्यः (dative plural)
गुहः (ablative singular)
घुड्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
घुड्भ्यः (ablative plural)
गुहः (genitive singular)
गुहोः (dual genitive)
गुहाम् (genitive plural)
गुहि (locative singular)
गुहोः (dual locative)
घुट्सु (locative plural)
घुट् (singular vocative)
गुहौ (dual vocative)
गुहा1 (dual vocative)
गुहः (plural vocative)

प्रि॒या प॒दानि॑ प॒श्वो नि पा॑हि वि॒श्वायु॑रग्ने गु॒हा गुहं॑ गाः ॥

O Agni, guard the spots which cattle love: thou, life of all, hast gone from lair to lair.

priyā́ padā́ni paśvó ní pāhi viśvā́yuragne guhā́ gúhaṃ gāḥ.


आजि

ājí (romanization)
अज् (root)
आजिः (nominative singular)
आजी (dual nominative)
आजयः (nominative plural)
आजिम् (accusative singular)
आजी (accusative dual)
आजीन् (accusative plural)
आजिना (instrumental singular)
आज्या1 (instrumental singular)
आजिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आजिभिः (instrumental plural)
आजये (dative singular)
आजिभ्याम् (dative dual)
आजिभ्यः (dative plural)
आजेः (ablative singular)
आज्यः1 (ablative singular)
आजिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आजिभ्यः (ablative plural)
आजेः (genitive singular)
आज्यः1 (genitive singular)
आज्योः (dual genitive)
आजीनाम् (genitive plural)
आजौ (locative singular)
आजा1 (locative singular)
आज्योः (dual locative)
आजिषु (locative plural)
आजे (singular vocative)
आजी (dual vocative)
आजयः (plural vocative)
आजिः (nominative singular)
आजी (dual nominative)
आजयः (nominative plural)
आजिम् (accusative singular)
आजी (accusative dual)
आजीः (accusative plural)
आज्या (instrumental singular)
आजी1 (instrumental singular)
आजिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आजिभिः (instrumental plural)
आजये (dative singular)
आज्यै2 (dative singular)
आजी1 (dative singular)
आजिभ्याम् (dative dual)
आजिभ्यः (dative plural)
आजेः (ablative singular)
आज्याः2 (ablative singular)
आज्यै3 (ablative singular)
आजिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आजिभ्यः (ablative plural)
आजेः (genitive singular)
आज्याः2 (genitive singular)
आज्यै3 (genitive singular)
आज्योः (dual genitive)
आजीनाम् (genitive plural)
आजौ (locative singular)
आज्याम्2 (locative singular)
आजा1 (locative singular)
आज्योः (dual locative)
आजिषु (locative plural)
आजे (singular vocative)
आजी (dual vocative)
आजयः (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- (“to drive”).


फल्

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)bʰel- (“to swell”); see Etymology 1 for more.


दह्

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn”).


समि

From सम्- (sam-, “together with”) + इ (i, “to go”).

pre

to come together in sexual union, cohabit


अञ्च्

head

अञ्च् • (añc)

sa-root

अञ्च् • (añc)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hanč-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enk-.

अन्वञ्च्

→ अनूक (anūka)


संदिह्

head

संदिह् • (saṃdih)

sa-root

संदिह् • (saṃdih)

From Proto-Indo-European *som- (“together, wholly”) + *dʰeyǵʰ- (“to knead, shape”). Equivalent to सम्- (sam-) + दिह् (dih).

inh

to make indistinct or uncertain, confuse, perplex


शम्

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱemh₂- (“to toil, to exert oneself”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κάμνω (kámnō, “to labour, to work hard”).

cog

to become tired, finish, stop, come to an end, rest, be quiet, calm, satisfied or contented

(middle voice) to toil at, fatigue or exert one's self (especially in performing ritual acts)

(causative) to appease, allay, alleviate, pacify, calm, soothe, settle


दिह्

head

दिह् • (dih)

sa-root

दिह् • (dih)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰayǰʰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ- (“to knead, shape”). Cognates include Latin fingō (“shape, fashion”) whence English figment, figure, fiction etc., Proto-Iranian *paridayjah whence (via Ancient Greek) English paradise, and dough.


प्रेष्

head

प्रेष् • (preṣ)

sa-root

प्रेष् • (preṣ)

to send word, send a message to a person


प्रेष्

préṣ (romanization)
प्रेट् (nominative singular)
प्रेषौ (dual nominative)
प्रेषा1 (dual nominative)
प्रेषः (nominative plural)
प्रेषम् (accusative singular)
प्रेषौ (accusative dual)
प्रेषा1 (accusative dual)
प्रेषः (accusative plural)
प्रेषा (instrumental singular)
प्रेड्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रेड्भिः (instrumental plural)
प्रेषे (dative singular)
प्रेड्भ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रेड्भ्यः (dative plural)
प्रेषः (ablative singular)
प्रेड्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रेड्भ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रेषः (genitive singular)
प्रेषोः (dual genitive)
प्रेषाम् (genitive plural)
प्रेषि (locative singular)
प्रेषोः (dual locative)
प्रेट्सु (locative plural)
प्रेट् (singular vocative)
प्रेषौ (dual vocative)
प्रेषा1 (dual vocative)
प्रेषः (plural vocative)


मूर्छ्

head

मूर्छ् • (mūrch)

sa-root

मूर्छ् • (mūrch)

mūrch (romanization)
मुर्छ् (alternative)
मूर्च्छ् (alternative)

Likely from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥H-tó-, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥tós (“mortal”), and often compared to Ancient Greek βρότος (brótos, “blood from a wound”); blood (a sign of mortality) spreads out from a wound and coagulates (congeals) on the wound. Mayrhofer accepts that the laryngeal dropped under special phonetic conditions in the root's supposed descendants. According to Machek, also related to Czech smrksnouti se (“to shrink”).

cog

to become solid, thicken, congeal, assume shape or substance or consistency, expand, increase, grow, become or be vehement or intense or strong

to have power or take effect upon (locative case)

to grow stiff or rigid, faint, swoon, become senseless or stupid or unconscious

to cause to settle into a fixed or solid form, shape

to cause to sound loudly, play (a musical instrument)


मुर्छ्

head

मुर्छ् • (murch)

sa-root

मुर्छ् • (murch)

मूर्छ् मूर्छ्#Sanskrit


मूर्च्छ्

head

मूर्च्छ् • (mūrcch)

sa-root

मूर्च्छ् • (mūrcch)

[muːɾt̚t͡ɕʰ]

/muːɾt̪t͡ɕʰ/

[muːɾt̪̚t͡ɕʰ]

मूर्छ् मूर्छ्#Sanskrit


केल्

head

केल् • (kel)

sa-root

केल् • (kel)


व्यायम्

head

व्यायम् • (vyāyam)

sa-root

व्यायम् • (vyāyam)

to struggle or contend about (locative case)

fight together, make efforts, strive, endeavour

to cause to stretch out or struggle, make great effort or exertion, take exercise


आयम्

head

आयम् • (āyam)

sa-root

आयम् • (āyam)

to stretch one's self or be stretched or strained


पराशॄ

head

पराशॄ • (parāśṝ)

sa-root

पराशॄ • (parāśṝ)

/pɐ.ɾɑː.ɕr̩ː/

/pɐ.ɾɑː.ɕr̩ː/


शॄ

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“to break”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀 (asar^əta, “unbroken”), 𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬌 (sari, “piece, fragment”), Ancient Greek κεραΐζω (keraḯzō, “I tear, destroy”), ακέραιος (akéraios, “whole, intact”), Old Irish do·cer (“he fell”), Tocharian B kärnau (“disabled”).

cog

to be crushed, broken, rent or shattered


संयुज्

head

संयुज् • (saṃyuj)

sa-root

संयुज् • (saṃyuj)


अर्ह्

head

अर्ह् • (arh)

sa-root

अर्ह् • (arh)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂elgʷʰ- (“to be worth; value; gain”). See अर्हति (arhati) and अर्घ (argha, “price, value”) for more.

अर्ह

meriting, deserving, worthy of; obliged, allowed; proper, fit

to be obliged or required to do anything (accusative)


समस्

From सम्- (sam-, “together”) + अस् (as, “throw”).

pre

to throw or put together, add, combine, compound, mix, mingle, connect

to be put together or combined (passive voice)

(grammar) to be compounded, form a compound


कम्

Denominative based on काम॑ (kā́ma, “wish”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *káHmas, from Proto-Indo-European *kóh₂-mo-s, from *keh₂- (“to desire, wish”), whence also का (kā) and कन् (kan, “to be satisfied”). Compare also चक् (cak, “to be satisfied”).


उद्गॄ

head

उद्गॄ • (udgṝ)

sa-root

उद्गॄ • (udgṝ)


यम्

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *yam-, from Proto-Indo-European *yem- (“to hold”).

to give up one’s self to, be faithful to, obey


अलंकृ

head

अलंकृ • (alaṃkṛ)

sa-root

अलंकृ • (alaṃkṛ)

to impede, check, violate (genitive case)


शप्

Likely cognate with Hittite [Term?] (/kappilalli-/, “to curse; hated, loathed”).


खिद्

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂eyd- (“to cut, hew”), whence also Latin caedō (“to cut, strike”).


भर्त्स्

head

भर्त्स् • (bharts)

sa-root

भर्त्स् • (bharts)

to menace, threaten, abuse, revile, deride


खेल्

Sanskritization of Prakrit खेलइ (khelaï) of uncertain origin. See there for more. Related to क्ष्वेल् (kṣvel, “to leap, jump, play”), क्रीड् (krīḍ, “to play; to jest”), and केल् (kel, “to sport”).

to shake, move to and fro, swing, tremble


खिट्

head

खिट् • (khiṭ)

sa-root

खिट् • (khiṭ)

to terrify, alarm, frighten, surprise, scare away


आञ्छ्

head

आञ्छ् • (āñch)

sa-root

आञ्छ् • (āñch)

Uncertain. Artificial coinage, maybe abstracted from a *-sḱéti present of the root अम् (am, “to seize”).

to stretch, draw into the right position, set (a bone or leg)


लाञ्छ्

head

लाञ्छ् • (lāñch)

sa-root

लाञ्छ् • (lāñch)


प्यै

pyai (romanization)
प्याय् (alternative)

to increase, enlarge, make fat or comfortable


प्याय्

head

प्याय् • (pyāy)

sa-root

प्याय् • (pyāy)


पी

pī (romanization)
पय् (alternative)
पि (alternative)
पिन्व् (alternative)
प्यै (alternative)

to swell, overflow, be exuberant, abound, increase, grow

to fatten, cause to swell or be exuberant, surfeit


पी

From the zero grade *ph₃- of Proto-Indo-European *peh₃- (“to drink”).


श्वस्

head

श्वस् • (śvas)

sa-root

श्वस् • (śvas)

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱwes- (“to pant, puff, sigh”). Cognate with Old Norse hvæsa (“to hiss”), English wheeze, and Latin queror (“to complain”), whence English quarrel.


आरिफ्

head

आरिफ् • (āriph)

sa-root

आरिफ् • (āriph)


ज्युत्

head

ज्युत् • (jyut)

sa-root

ज्युत् • (jyut)


द्युत्

head

द्युत् • (dyut)

sa-root

द्युत् • (dyut)

dyut (romanization)
द्योत् (alternative)

Sanskrit: ज्युत् (jyut) (via Prakrit)

An extension of the Proto-Indo-European root *dyew- (“to be bright, shine”).

to shine, glitter, be bright or brilliant

to cause to appear, make clear or manifest, express, mean


हिक्क्

head

हिक्क् • (hikk)

sa-root

हिक्क् • (hikk)


सञ्ज्

head

सञ्ज् • (sañj)

sa-root

सञ्ज् • (sañj)

From Proto-Indo-European *seg-, *seng- (“to fasten, attach, touch”). Cognate with Lithuanian sègti (“to fasten, to pin”), Latvian segt (“to cover”), Proto-Slavic *sę̄gnǫ̀ti (“to reach”).


तड्

(astronomy) to obscure or eclipse partially


किट्

head

किट् • (kiṭ)

sa-root

किट् • (kiṭ)


प्रतिमन्

to render back in return or in reply, contrast with

to honour, esteem, approve, consider, regard


यत्

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *yat- (“to reach, take position”), from Proto-Indo-European *yet- (“to bring, conform, support”); cognate with Persian فریاد (faryâd, “cry, shout”), Latin nītor (“support oneself, brace oneself”), Tocharian A yät- (“to adorn”), Ancient Greek ὅσιος (hósios, “just, fair”).

cog

to place in order, marshal, join, connect

to keep pace, be in line, rival or vie with


तल्

Probably invented as a source for तल (tála), which is from Proto-Indo-European *telh₂- (“bottom, ground”).


तल्

From earlier Vedic Sanskrit तॄ (tṝ), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *terh₂-.


कठ्

head

कठ् • (kaṭh)

sa-root

कठ् • (kaṭh)

Has been compared to Ancient Greek κρατερός (kraterós, “strong”) and Old Irish calath (“firm”), but the phonetic variation of the words grouped under this root is difficult to reconcile. In light of this, perhaps borrowed from Dravidian; compare Tamil கட்டு (kaṭṭu, “to build, harden”). Note also Nepali करा (karā, “hard, rough”).


चम्

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷem- (“to swallow”).


भञ्ज्

head

भञ्ज् • (bhañj)

sa-root

भञ्ज् • (bhañj)

→ Punjabi: ਭਾਂਜ (bhāñj)

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeng-, nasal-infixed form of *bʰeg- (“to break”).

to break into, make a breach in (a fortress, with accusative)

to rout, put to flight, defeat (an army)

to check, arrest, suspend, frustrate, disappoint


सज्ज्

head

सज्ज् • (sajj)

sa-root

सज्ज् • (sajj)


कम्प्

head

कम्प् • (kamp)

sa-root

कम्प् • (kamp)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em-p- (“to bend”) from *kh₂em- (“to bend, curve”).


उच्छ्वस्

head

उच्छ्वस् • (ucchvas)

sa-root

उच्छ्वस् • (ucchvas)

/ut̪.t͡ɕʰʋɐs̪/

[ut̪̚.t͡ɕʰʋɐs̪]

Derived from उद्- (ud-, “upwards”) + श्वस् (śvas, “to breathe”).

pre

to breathe again, get breath, recover, rest


उन्नम्

head

उन्नम् • (unnam)

sa-root

उन्नम् • (unnam)

to bend upwards, raise one's self, rise, ascend


संलक्ष्

head

संलक्ष् • (saṃlakṣ)

sa-root

संलक्ष् • (saṃlakṣ)

/s̪ɐ̃.l̪ɐkʂ/

to observe, see, perceive, feel, hear, learn

to be marked or observed or perceived, appear


पठ्

head

पठ् • (paṭh)

sa-root

पठ् • (paṭh)

From पठति (paṭhati, “reads”). See there for more.

to read or repeat aloud, recite, rehearse

to repeat or pronounce the name of a god, to invoke

to read or repeat or recite to one's self, to peruse, study

to teach, cite, quote, mention, express, declare


क्षुभ्

head

क्षुभ् • (kṣubh)

sa-root

क्षुभ् • (kṣubh)

From Proto-Indo-European *k⁽ʷ⁾sewbʰ- (“shake”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *xybàti (“to sway, perturb”).

cog

to shake, tremble, be agitated or disturbed, be unsteady, waver, stumble

चुक्षोभयिषु

*चुक्षोभयिषति (cukṣobhayiṣati, “to wish/intend to disturb/shake/waver”, desiderative)


आयत्

head

आयत् • (āyat)

sa-root

आयत् • (āyat)


संलग्

head

संलग् • (saṃlag)

sa-root

संलग् • (saṃlag)


संस्कृ

head

संस्कृ • (saṃskṛ)

sa-root

संस्कृ • (saṃskṛ)

saṃskṛ (romanization)
संकृ (alternative)

संस्कार

putting together, forming well, making perfect

संस्कृत

put together, well constructed; Sanskrit

to put together, form well, join together, compose

to prepare, make ready, dress, cook (food)

to form or arrange according to sacred precept, consecrate, hallow

to adorn, embellish, refine, elaborate, make perfect


खणखणाय

/kʰɐ.ɳɐ.kʰɐ.ɳɑː.jɐ/

/kʰɐ.ɳɐ.kʰɐ.ɳɑː.jɐ/

to utter or give out any peculiar sound, tick, tinkle, crack


संधा

head

संधा • (saṃdhā)

sa-root

संधा • (saṃdhā)

saṃdhā (romanization)
सन्धा (alternative)

From सम्- (sam-, “together”) + धा (dhā, “to put, place”, root). Related to Proto-Balto-Slavic *sámdas, whence Proto-Slavic *sǫdъ (court of law).

pre

to join, bring together, unite, combine, put together, compound, mix


सन्धा

head

सन्धा • (sandhā)

sa-root

सन्धा • (sandhā)


आशी

From आ- (ā-) + शी (śī, “to sleep”, root).


छृद्

head

छृद् • (chṛd)

sa-root

छृद् • (chṛd)


शिष्

head

शिष् • (śiṣ)

sa-root

शिष् • (śiṣ)

No certain cognates outside of Indo-Iranian. Compare Avestan 𐬯𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬰𐬛𐬀𐬝 (siiazdat̰, “should move away”). Possibly inherited from Proto-Indo-European *ḱeys- (“to leave behind”).


विशिष्

head

विशिष् • (viśiṣ)

sa-root

विशिष् • (viśiṣ)

to distinguish, make distinct or different, particularise, specify, define

to be pre-eminent, excel, be better than or best among


लिङ्ग्

head

लिङ्ग् • (liṅg)

sa-root

लिङ्ग् • (liṅg)


परिणी

head

परिणी • (pariṇī)

sa-root

परिणी • (pariṇī)

to lead a bride and bridegroom round the sacrificial fire


आविश्

head

आविश् • (āviś)

sa-root

आविश् • (āviś)

From आ- (ā-) + विश् (viś, “to enter, to be absorbed”, root).


समाविश्

head

समाविश् • (samāviś)

sa-root

समाविश् • (samāviś)

to go or fall into any state or condition


दु

From Proto-Indo-European *deh₂w- (“to burn”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δαίω (daíō, “kindle”), and perhaps related to Latin duellum, bellum (“war”).


आपद्

head

आपद् • (āpad)

sa-root

आपद् • (āpad)


आपद्

āpad (romanization)
आपत् (nominative singular)
आपदौ (dual nominative)
आपदा1 (dual nominative)
आपदः (nominative plural)
आपदम् (accusative singular)
आपदौ (accusative dual)
आपदा1 (accusative dual)
आपदः (accusative plural)
आपदा (instrumental singular)
आपद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आपद्भिः (instrumental plural)
आपदे (dative singular)
आपद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
आपद्भ्यः (dative plural)
आपदः (ablative singular)
आपद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
आपद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
आपदः (genitive singular)
आपदोः (dual genitive)
आपदाम् (genitive plural)
आपदि (locative singular)
आपदोः (dual locative)
आपत्सु (locative plural)
आपत् (singular vocative)
आपदौ (dual vocative)
आपदा1 (dual vocative)
आपदः (plural vocative)

→ Malayalam: ആപത്ത് (āpattŭ)

→ Tamil: ஆபத்து (āpattu)

Pali: āpadā (with locative singular Pali: āpāsu)

Prakrit: 𑀆𑀯𑀬𑀸 f (āvayā), 𑀆𑀯𑀇 (āvaï)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Old Hindi: आई (āī, “doom, destruction”)

(in the instrumental आपदा (āpadā)) through mistake or error, unintentionally


भिद्

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to split”).


व्यध्

Related to Proto-Iranian *vaiδa-, and traditionally considered to be inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HwyadʰH- (“to cut, pierce”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wyedʰh₁- (“to separate, divide”). However, considered by Cheung and, with reservation, Mayrhofer, to be from Proto-Indo-European *wyedʰ- (“to shoot, take aim, hit, wound”). Compare Old Armenian վէրք (vērkʻ, “wound”), an Iranian borrowing, as well as certain Germanic forms like Old English wītan (“to blame, reproach”) and German entwischen (“to escape, flee”), which Cheung derives from *wyedʰ- rather than *h₁wyedʰh₁-.

cog

(astronomy) to fix the position of a heavenly body


शुभ्

head

शुभ् • (śubh)

sa-root

शुभ् • (śubh)

śubh (romanization)
शुम्भ् (alternative)
शोभ् (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćubʰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewbʰ- (“pretty”), an extension of *ḱew- (“to shine”). See शुभ्र (śubhra, “bright, beautiful”) for more.


शुभ्

śúbh (romanization)
शुप् (nominative singular)
शुभौ (dual nominative)
शुभा1 (dual nominative)
शुभः (nominative plural)
शुभम् (accusative singular)
शुभौ (accusative dual)
शुभा1 (accusative dual)
शुभः (accusative plural)
शुभा (instrumental singular)
शुब्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शुब्भिः (instrumental plural)
शुभे (dative singular)
शुब्भ्याम् (dative dual)
शुब्भ्यः (dative plural)
शुभः (ablative singular)
शुब्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
शुब्भ्यः (ablative plural)
शुभः (genitive singular)
शुभोः (dual genitive)
शुभाम् (genitive plural)
शुभि (locative singular)
शुभोः (dual locative)
शुप्सु (locative plural)
शुप् (singular vocative)
शुभौ (dual vocative)
शुभा1 (dual vocative)
शुभः (plural vocative)


रु

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃rewH- (“to shout, roar”). Cognate with Latin rūmor (“noise”), raucus.


श्नथ्

head

श्नथ् • (śnath)

sa-root

श्नथ् • (śnath)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćnatʰ- (“to strike, pierce”).


वृध्

head

वृध् • (vṛdh)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hwardʰ-
Sanskrit वृध् (vṛdh)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hwardʰ-, from a possible Proto-Indo-European root *Hwerdʰ- of uncertain further origin.
Schindler, citing Krisch, takes the root as a metathesis of Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow, rise”), whence रोधति (rodhati, “to grow, sprout”). Alternative theories include a connection to Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“to rule; strong”). The root may have been contaminated by semantically similar roots such as the one underlying अर्ध् (ardh, “to prosper”). See rose for more.


मंह्

head

मंह् • (maṃh)

sa-root

मंह् • (maṃh)


वीज्

head

वीज् • (vīj)

sa-root

वीज् • (vīj)

vīj (romanization)
व्यज् (alternative)
वीजय् (alternative)

Denominal root from व्यजन (vyajana, “fan”); see there for more.


शिक्ष्

head

शिक्ष् • (śikṣ)

sa-root

शिक्ष् • (śikṣ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱek-der.
Sanskrit शिक्ष् (śikṣ)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćikš-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱek- (“to be able, capable”). Desiderative of शक् (śak, “to be able”); see there for more.


क्रीड्

head

क्रीड् • (krīḍ)

sa-root

क्रीड् • (krīḍ)

krīḍ (romanization)
क्रीळ् (alternative)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *kriẓḍ-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *križd-, of uncertain further origin. Mayrhofer traces the root back to a Proto-Indo-European *krisd- (“to move about, frolic”), and tentatively compares Old Norse hrista (“to shake”), but this is semantically tenuous.


अट्

aṭ (romanization)
अण्ठ् (alternative)
अठ् (alternative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂et-
Sanskrit अत् (at)
Sanskrit अट् (aṭ)
Sanskritization of a popular pronunciation of the Vedic root अत् (at, “to go constantly, walk, run”). अण्ठ् (aṇṭh) is a Buddhist-preferred variant of अट् (aṭ).

etymon

(frequently used of religious mendicants) to roam, wander about

अटन

roaming about, act or habit of wandering about

अटाय

to enter upon a roaming life, become a religious mendicant

अट्या

roaming about, one of the ten faults resulting from an excessive fondness for pleasure


अर्थ्

head

अर्थ् • (arth)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ert-.

अत्यर्थ

beyond the proper worth: exorbitant, excessive

अन्वर्थ

following in meaning; intelligible, clear

अर्थ

cause, motive, reason; advantage, utility; thing, object; substance, wealth; etc

अर्थघ्न

destroying advantage, causing loss or damage

अर्थचर्या

doing business, promoting another's affais

अर्थतस्

in fact, really, truly; for the profit of

अर्थद

conferring advantage, profitable, munificent

अर्थदान

donation of money, present; a present given with a (selfish) purpose

अर्थबन्ध

a word or sentence (binding the sense together)

अर्थमात्र

property, money; being only the matter itself

अर्थहीन

deprived of wealth, poor; meaningless, nonsensical

अर्थात्

according to the sense, that is to say, as a matter of fact

गुर्वर्थ

deep meaning, important; anything related to one's guru

गुर्वर्थम्

for or on account of one's guru; for one's parents

व्यर्थ

useless, unprofitable, vain, unavailing; devoid of property or money; unmeaning, inconsistent

समर्थ

connected in se+nse, having a similar object; ability


अधी

head

अधी • (adhī́)

sa-root

अधी • (adhī́)

to go over, study, to learn from (a teacher's mouth)


शास्

head

शास् • (śās)

sa-root

शास् • (śās)

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₁s- (“to teach, indicate; instruct”). Compare Albanian them (“to say”).

शास्त्र

order, command, precept, rule; instruction, teaching


भज्

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-
Sanskrit भज् (bhaj)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰag-, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g- (“to divide, distribute, allot”). See also भजति (bhájati) and भग (bhága).

inh

to divide, distribute, allot, apportion, share


कन्

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kanH- (“to love, take pleasure in”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *kenh₂- (“to be pleased, enjoy”), infixed nasal stem of *keh₂- (“to like, wish”).


अम्

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃emh₃- (“to seize, take hold; swear”). Cognate with Old Norse ama (“to bother, wound”) and possibly Latin amō (“to love”).


अव्

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ewH- (“to help, protect”). Cognate with Latin iuvō (“to help”), Old Irish con·oí (“to protect, preserve”).


आप्

Pali: ap

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁ep-
Sanskrit आप् (āp)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hap-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ep- (“to take, seize”); compare perhaps Hittite 𒂊𒅁𒍣 (e-ep-zi /ʔéptsi/, “seizes”), 𒉺𒀀𒄿 (pa-a-i /pāi/, “gives, hands over, pays”), as well as Latin apīscor (“I try to seize”) and co-epī (“I have started, undertaken”).


इल्

Likely from Proto-Indo-European *h₁elh₂- (“to drive, move, go”). Compare Ancient Greek ἐλαύνω (elaúnō, “to drive”), Latin alacer (“lively, active, brisk”), Proto-Germanic *alaną (“to spurn, drive”), *lanō (“lane”)).


ईक्ष्

head

ईक्ष् • (īkṣ)

sa-root

ईक्ष् • (īkṣ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷsder.
Sanskrit ईक्ष् (īkṣ)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₃i-h₃kʷs, a secondary present formation of *h₃ókʷs (“eye”), the latter whence अक्षि (akṣi, “eye”).

ईक्षेण्य

to be seen, to be beheld; deserving of notice


उक्ष्

head

उक्ष् • (ukṣ)

sa-root

उक्ष् • (ukṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *wegʷ- (“wet, moist”).


कष्

A colloquial form of the root कृष् (kṛṣ, “to draw, pull, drag”). Pokorny's original derivation from a supposed Proto-Indo-European *kars- (“to scratch, scrape, rub”) (for which he cites Proto-Slavic *korsta (“scab”), Lithuanian karsiu (“to comb”), and English harsh) is obsolete.


कास्

head

कास् • (kās)

sa-root

कास् • (kās)

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₂s- (“to cough”). Compare कासते (kāsate, “to cough”).
Cognate with Latvian kāss, Russian ка́шель (kášelʹ), Irish casacht, Old English hwōsan.


कृष्

head

कृष् • (kṛṣ)

sa-root

कृष् • (kṛṣ)

kṛṣ (romanization)
कर्ष् (alternative)
कष् (alternative)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *karṣ-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *karš-, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷels- (“to pull, drag, turn”).

inh

to pull to and fro; to cause pain, torture, torment


क्रन्द्

head

क्रन्द् • (krand)

sa-root

क्रन्द् • (krand)

krand (romanization)
क्लन्द् (alternative)
क्लिन्द् (alternative)
क्लद् (alternative)

Backformed from Proto-Indo-Iranian *krándati, from Proto-Indo-European *kléh₁-nd-, from *kelh₁- (“to call, cry, shout”).


क्रुश्

head

क्रुश् • (kruś)

sa-root

क्रुश् • (kruś)

kruś (romanization)
क्रोश् (alternative)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *krawć- (“to cry, to call out”), ultimately of onomatopoeic origin. Cognate with Persian خروشیدن (xorušidan).


क्वथ्

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *kweth₂- (“to boil, foam”). Cognate with Latvian kūsāt (“to boil”), Old English hwaþerian (“to foam, surge, roar”), Swedish hvå (“foam”). See also kvass.


क्षद्

head

क्षद् • (kṣad)

sa-root

क्षद् • (kṣad)

क्षत्तृ

a carver, one who cuts or carves or divides anything


क्षर्

head

क्षर् • (kṣar)

sa-root

क्षर् • (kṣar)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰer-
Proto-Indo-Aryan *gẓʰar-
Sanskrit क्षर् (kṣar)
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *gẓʰar-.


क्षि

head

क्षि • (kṣi)

sa-root

क्षि • (kṣi)

From Proto-Indo-European *tk-éh₁- (“acquisition”), from Proto-Indo-European *tek- (“to take by the hand; to receive, obtain”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κτάομαι (ktáomai, “to get, acquire”), Persian شاه (šâh, “king, shah”).

cog

to possess, have power over, rule, govern, be master of


क्षि

head

क्षि • (kṣi)

sa-root

क्षि • (kṣi)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *tḱey- (“to settle, dwell”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κτίζω (ktízō, “to people; to establish”), English home.


क्षि

head

क्षि • (kṣi)

sa-root

क्षि • (kṣi)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *gẓʰi-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gžʰi-, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰey- (“to perish, destroy”).


क्षिप्

head

क्षिप् • (kṣip)

sa-root

क्षिप् • (kṣip)

kṣip (romanization)
क्षेप् (alternative)

From Proto-Indo-European *ksweybʰ- (“to throw”).

inh

to utter abusive words, insult, revile, abuse


ख्या

head

ख्या • (khyā)

sa-root

ख्या • (khyā)

Phonetic variant of क्शा (kśā), related to काश् (kāś), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeḱ-.

(passive voice) to be named, be known, be announced to


गर्ह्

head

गर्ह् • (garh)

sa-root

गर्ह् • (garh)


गै

From Proto-Indo-European *geH- (“to sing, cry”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬁𐬚𐬁 (gāθā, “form of strophe, metre, namely the collections of Zarathustra's songs, the Gathas”).


गाह्

head

गाह् • (gāh)

sa-root

गाह् • (gāh)

Primarily inherited from Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷʰ⁾eh₂ǵʰ- / *gʷʰāh₂ǵʰ- (“to wade”); cognate with Persian آغاز (âġâz, “beginning, start”), Slovene gáziti (“to wade”). Forms with गभ्- (gabh-) or गम्भ्- (gambh-) are from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₂bʰ- (“to submerge”).

inh

*g⁽ʷʰ⁾eh₂ǵʰ-

inh+

*g⁽ʷʰ⁾eh₂ǵʰ-


गुप्

head

गुप् • (gup)

sa-root

गुप् • (gup)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit गोपा (gopā)
Sanskrit गुप् (gup)
Back-formation from गोपा (gopā́, “protector of cows; protector, guardian”), whence also गोपायति (gopāyáti, “to guard”).


ग्रन्थ्

head

ग्रन्थ् • (granth)

sa-root

ग्रन्थ् • (granth)

granth (romanization)
ग्रथ् (alternative)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *grantH- (“to tie (a knot)”), cognate to Persian گره (gereh, “knot”), with further origin uncertain. The traditional derivation from Proto-Indo-European *gre(n)tH- (“to tie”) (itself a hypothetical extension of Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to twist”)) would make the root cognate with Proto-Germanic *kradô (“wicker basket”), whence English cradle; however, this is not certain, as the Germanic word could very well be of substrate origin instead.

inh

to string together, arrange, connect in a regular series

to string words together, compose (a literary work)


ग्रस्

head

ग्रस् • (gras)

sa-root

ग्रस् • (gras)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷerh₃- (“to swallow, devour”).


ग्लै

Unclear. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH-.

to languid or weary, feel tired or exhausted


घस्

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰas- (“to eat, gorge”), of unknown origin, with numerous unconvincing attempts to connect the root to terms including Latin hostia (“sacrifice”) and Tocharian B kest (“hunger”). Within Iranian, cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬵 (gah, “to gorge”), Pashto غاښ (ǧâx̌, “tooth”).


घुष्

head

घुष् • (ghuṣ)

sa-root

घुष् • (ghuṣ)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰew-.


घ्रा

head

घ्रा • (ghrā)

sa-root

घ्रा • (ghrā)

Of uncertain origin.
Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *gʰʷreh₂, whence Ancient Greek ὀσφραινομαι (osphrainomai, “I smell, perceive”) (compare Greek όσφρηση (ósfrisi, “(sense of) smell”); however, this is controversial.
Alternatively, Seebold compares the root to Old English brǣþ (“smell; steam”), whence English breath.
Another theory compares the root to Latin frōns (“brow, front”); noses are frontal organs responsible for smelling and breathing.


चिन्त्

head

चिन्त् • (cint)

sa-root

चिन्त् • (cint)

A nasal-infixed variant of चित् (cit); see there for more.


चेष्ट्

head

चेष्ट् • (ceṣṭ)

sa-root

चेष्ट् • (ceṣṭ)


च्यु

head

च्यु • (cyu)

sa-root

च्यु • (cyu)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kyew-
Sanskrit च्यु (cyu)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čyaw-, from Proto-Indo-European *kyew- (“to set in motion”). Cognate with Old Armenian չու (čʻu, “journey, road”) and չուեմ (čʻuem, “to set out”), whence Armenian չվել (čʻvel, “to migrate (of birds, a group)”), Northern Kurdish çûn (“to go”), Classical Persian شدن (šudan, “to go”), and Ancient Greek σεύω (seúō, “put in quick motion, drive”).

cog

to move to and fro, stir, go away, turn off


च्युत्

head

च्युत् • (cyut)

sa-root

च्युत् • (cyut)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit श्चुत् (ścut)
Sanskrit च्युत् (cyut)
Post-Vedic variant of श्चुत् (ścut). See there for more.

etymon

श्चुत् श्चुत्#Sanskrit


च्युत्

cyut (romanization)
च्युत् (root)
च्युत् (nominative singular)
च्युतौ (dual nominative)
च्युता1 (dual nominative)
च्युतः (nominative plural)
च्युतम् (accusative singular)
च्युतौ (accusative dual)
च्युता1 (accusative dual)
च्युतः (accusative plural)
च्युता (instrumental singular)
च्युद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
च्युद्भिः (instrumental plural)
च्युते (dative singular)
च्युद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
च्युद्भ्यः (dative plural)
च्युतः (ablative singular)
च्युद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
च्युद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
च्युतः (genitive singular)
च्युतोः (dual genitive)
च्युताम् (genitive plural)
च्युति (locative singular)
च्युतोः (dual locative)
च्युत्सु (locative plural)
च्युत् (singular vocative)
च्युतौ (dual vocative)
च्युता1 (dual vocative)
च्युतः (plural vocative)
च्युत् (nominative singular)
च्युतौ (dual nominative)
च्युता1 (dual nominative)
च्युतः (nominative plural)
च्युतम् (accusative singular)
च्युतौ (accusative dual)
च्युता1 (accusative dual)
च्युतः (accusative plural)
च्युता (instrumental singular)
च्युद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
च्युद्भिः (instrumental plural)
च्युते (dative singular)
च्युद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
च्युद्भ्यः (dative plural)
च्युतः (ablative singular)
च्युद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
च्युद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
च्युतः (genitive singular)
च्युतोः (dual genitive)
च्युताम् (genitive plural)
च्युति (locative singular)
च्युतोः (dual locative)
च्युत्सु (locative plural)
च्युत् (singular vocative)
च्युतौ (dual vocative)
च्युता1 (dual vocative)
च्युतः (plural vocative)
च्युत् (nominative singular)
च्युती (dual nominative)
च्युन्ति (nominative plural)
च्युत् (accusative singular)
च्युती (accusative dual)
च्युन्ति (accusative plural)
च्युता (instrumental singular)
च्युद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
च्युद्भिः (instrumental plural)
च्युते (dative singular)
च्युद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
च्युद्भ्यः (dative plural)
च्युतः (ablative singular)
च्युद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
च्युद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
च्युतः (genitive singular)
च्युतोः (dual genitive)
च्युताम् (genitive plural)
च्युति (locative singular)
च्युतोः (dual locative)
च्युत्सु (locative plural)
च्युत् (singular vocative)
च्युती (dual vocative)
च्युन्ति (plural vocative)

मधुच्युत्


छद्

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *śćad-, related to Prasuni vëzëlë (“goatskin boot, shoe”) (< *upascāda), with further origin uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃- (“darkness”); compare English shade and shadow. Compare also Old English hæteru (“clothing”).


छन्द्

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śćand-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *śćand-, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱend-.


जप्

to whisper, mutter, utter in a low voice, especially prayers or incantations


जम्भ्

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵembʰ- (“to bite”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *zǫ̑bъ (“tooth”) whence Polish ząb, and English comb.


जुष्

head

जुष् • (juṣ)

sa-root

जुष् • (juṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵews- (“to taste, try”). Cognates include Latin gustus, Persian دوست (dust, “friend”), Old English ċēosan (whence English choose).

जुष्ट

juṣṭá or júṣṭa


जृम्भ्

head

जृम्भ् • (jṛmbh)

sa-root

जृम्भ् • (jṛmbh)


तक्ष्

head

तक्ष् • (takṣ)

sa-root

तक्ष् • (takṣ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *teḱ-
Proto-Indo-European *tetḱ-
Sanskrit तक्ष् (takṣ)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *taṭṣ-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *taćš-, from Proto-Indo-European *tetḱ- (“to hew, create”). Cognate with Latin texō (“to weave”) (whence English text, textile), Ancient Greek τέχνη (tékhnē) (whence English techno-), and Serbo-Croatian те̏сла (tesla, “adze”). See also तक्षन् (takṣan, “carpenter”).


तुज्

head

तुज् • (tuj)

sa-root

तुज् • (tuj)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to push, hit”).
Cognate with Proto-Germanic *stukkaz (“stump, stick”) whence English stock.


तुल्

head

तुल् • (tul)

sa-root

तुल् • (tul)

From Proto-Indo-European *telh₂- (“to bear, undergo, endure”).
Cognate with Ancient Greek τᾰ́λαντον (tắlanton, “balance, scale”) whence English talent, Latin tolerō (“bear, endure”) whence English tolerate. Further possible cognates include Ancient Greek Ἄτλας (Átlas, “the 'bearer' of heaven”) and therefore Ἀτλαντίς (Atlantís).


तृद्

head

तृद् • (tṛd)

sa-root

तृद् • (tṛd)

From Proto-Indo-European *terd- (“to drill, bore, split”); compare Lithuanian trandė́ti (“to thresh, grind, (of worms) to bite”) and trandi̇̀s (“woodworm”), as well as Old Church Slavonic тродь (trodĭ, “tree sponge”).


तृप्

head

तृप् • (tṛp)

sa-root

तृप् • (tṛp)

From Proto-Indo-European *terp- (“to satisfy”).


तृष्

head

तृष् • (tṛṣ)

sa-root

तृष् • (tṛṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *ters- (“dry”). Cognates include Latin torrēns (“scorching”) whence English torrent, Latin terra and English thirst.


तृह्

head

तृह् • (tṛh)

sa-root

तृह् • (tṛh)

Probably from Proto-Indo-Aryan *(s)tarjʰ, from Proto-Indo-European *sterģʰ; compare Hittite [script needed] (istark-, “to become sick”) and [script needed] (istarni(n)k-, “to torment, make sick”). Also compare Latin tergeō.


त्यज्

head

त्यज् • (tyaj)

sa-root

त्यज् • (tyaj)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *tyegʷ- (“to leave alone, give up; retreat”).


त्रस्

head

त्रस् • (tras)

sa-root

त्रस् • (tras)

From Proto-Indo-European *tres- (“to tremble (with fear)”). Cognate with Latin terreō whence English terror, terrible, etc.


त्वर्

head

त्वर् • (tvar)

sa-root

त्वर् • (tvar)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to stir, agitate”). Cognate with English stir, steer and possibly storm, as well as perhaps Ancient Greek ὀτρῡ́νω (otrū́nō, “to stir up, rouse; to hasten”).


दक्ष्

head

दक्ष् • (dakṣ)

sa-root

दक्ष् • (dakṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *deḱs- (“right side, dexter”).
Cognates include Ancient Greek δεξῐός (dexĭós, “right(hand), fortunate, able”), Old Church Slavonic деснъ (desnŭ, “right(side)”).


दभ्

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰebʰ- (“to harm, deceive”). Cognate with Persian فریفتن (fariftan, “to deceive”), Old Armenian դաւ (daw, “deceit, conspiracy”) (an Iranian borrowing), Hittite [script needed] (tepnu-, “to decrease, to humble”), and perhaps Ancient Greek ἀτέμβω (atémbō, “to maltreat; to be bereft of”).


दाश्

head

दाश् • (dāś)

sa-root

दाश् • (dāś)

From Proto-Indo-European *deḱ- (“to take, offer”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δόξᾰ (dóxă, “opinion, judgement”) whence English orthodox etc., Ancient Greek δόγμᾰ (dógmă), Latin decet (“fitting”) whence English decent, Latin decus whence decorum, Latin discō (“learn”), Latin doceō (“teach”) whence English doctrine etc., Latin dignus.


दिश्

head

दिश् • (diś)

sa-root

दिश् • (diś)

From Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to point out, show”). Cognates include Ancient Greek δείκνῡμῐ (deíknūmĭ, “show, point out”), δεῖγμᾰ (deîgmă, “sample, pattern”) whence English paradigm, Ancient Greek δῐ́κη (dĭ́kē, “custom; order, law”), Latin dicō and dictum whence English dictate etc., Latin index (“pointer, indicator”), Latin digitus (“pointer, finger”), English token and teach.

cog

to produce, bring forward (as witness in court)


दिश्

díś (romanization)
दिक् (nominative singular)
दिशौ (dual nominative)
दिशा1 (dual nominative)
दिशः (nominative plural)
दिशम् (accusative singular)
दिशौ (accusative dual)
दिशा1 (accusative dual)
दिशः (accusative plural)
दिशा (instrumental singular)
दिग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दिग्भिः (instrumental plural)
दिशे (dative singular)
दिग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
दिग्भ्यः (dative plural)
दिशः (ablative singular)
दिग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
दिग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
दिशः (genitive singular)
दिशोः (dual genitive)
दिशाम् (genitive plural)
दिशि (locative singular)
दिशोः (dual locative)
दिक्षु (locative plural)
दिक् (singular vocative)
दिशौ (dual vocative)
दिशा1 (dual vocative)
दिशः (plural vocative)


दीक्ष्

head

दीक्ष् • (dīkṣ)

sa-root

दीक्ष् • (dīkṣ)

A desiderative form of दाश् (dāś) from Proto-Indo-European *deḱ- (“to take, offer”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δόξᾰ (dóxă, “opinion, judgement”) whence English orthodox etc., Ancient Greek δόγμᾰ (dógmă), Latin decet (“fitting”) whence English decent, Latin decus whence decorum, Latin discō (“learn”) whence English disciple etc., Latin doceō (“teach”) whence English doctrine etc., Latin dignus.

दीक्षितृ

consecrator, initiator; instructor; spiritual father


दी

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *deyh₁-
Sanskrit दी (dī)
From Proto-Indo-European *deyh₁- (“to chase (away)”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δῐ́ω (dĭ́ō, “flee”), Lithuanian dainà (“song”).


दुष्

head

दुष् • (duṣ)

sa-root

दुष् • (duṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *dus- (“bad”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-) whence English dys-.


दृप्

head

दृप् • (dṛp)

sa-root

दृप् • (dṛp)

to be extravagant, wild, arrogant, proud


दृभ्

head

दृभ् • (dṛbh)

sa-root

दृभ् • (dṛbh)

From Proto-Indo-European *derbʰ- (“to spin, twist”). Cognate with Lithuanian darbas (“bunch of leaves”), Proto-Germanic *tarbijaną (“to wind, spin”) whence English (topsy)-turvy, and turf.

cog

to string or tie together, tie in a bunch


द्रा

head

द्रा • (drā)

sa-root

द्रा • (drā)

From Proto-Indo-European *dreh₂- (“to run”); compare Ancient Greek αποδιδράσκω (apodidráskō, “to depart secretly, escape”), as well as Proto-Germanic *trudaną (“to tread”).

cog

दरिद्र

running hither and thither, in need or poor


द्विष्

head

द्विष् • (dviṣ)

sa-root

द्विष् • (dviṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *dweys- from *dwey- (“to fear”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δεινός (deinós, “fearful”) whence English dino-, Latin dīrus whence English dire.


द्विष्

dvíṣ (romanization)
द्विट् (nominative singular)
द्विषौ (dual nominative)
द्विषा1 (dual nominative)
द्विषः (nominative plural)
द्विषम् (accusative singular)
द्विषौ (accusative dual)
द्विषा1 (accusative dual)
द्विषः (accusative plural)
द्विषा (instrumental singular)
द्विड्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
द्विड्भिः (instrumental plural)
द्विषे (dative singular)
द्विड्भ्याम् (dative dual)
द्विड्भ्यः (dative plural)
द्विषः (ablative singular)
द्विड्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
द्विड्भ्यः (ablative plural)
द्विषः (genitive singular)
द्विषोः (dual genitive)
द्विषाम् (genitive plural)
द्विषि (locative singular)
द्विषोः (dual locative)
द्विट्सु (locative plural)
द्विट् (singular vocative)
द्विषौ (dual vocative)
द्विषा1 (dual vocative)
द्विषः (plural vocative)