नारङ्ग

nāraṅga (romanization)
नारङ्गः (nominative singular)
नारङ्गौ (dual nominative)
नारङ्गाः (nominative plural)
नारङ्ग (singular vocative)
नारङ्गौ (dual vocative)
नारङ्गाः (plural vocative)
नारङ्गम् (accusative singular)
नारङ्गौ (accusative dual)
नारङ्गान् (accusative plural)
नारङ्गेण (instrumental singular)
नारङ्गाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नारङ्गैः (instrumental plural)
नारङ्गाय (dative singular)
नारङ्गाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नारङ्गेभ्यः (dative plural)
नारङ्गात् (ablative singular)
नारङ्गाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नारङ्गेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नारङ्गस्य (genitive singular)
नारङ्गयोः (dual genitive)
नारङ्गाणाम् (genitive plural)
नारङ्गे (locative singular)
नारङ्गयोः (dual locative)
नारङ्गेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of नारङ्ग

नारङ्गाभ्याम्

नारङ्गाभ्याम्

नारङ्गाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

नारङ्गाभ्याम्

नारङ्गाभ्याम्

नारङ्गाभ्याम्

Gujarati: નારંગી (nāraṅgī)

Hindi: नारंगी (nāraṅgī)

Nepali: नारङ्गि (nāraṅgi)

Punjabi: ਨਾਰੰਗੀ (nāraṅgī)

Urdu: نارنگی (nāraṅgī)

desctree

→ Classical Persian: نَارَنْگْ (nārang)
→ Arabic: نَارَنْج (nāranj)
→⇒ Byzantine Greek: νεράντζιον (nerántzion), νεράντζιν (nerántzin), νεράντζι (nerántzi), νεράτζι (nerátzi), ἐράντζι (erántzi)
Greek: νεράντζι (nerántzi), νεράτζι (nerátzi)
Pontic Greek: νεράντζιν (nerántzin), αναράντζιν (anarántzin), ανάραντζιν (anárantzin), αναράντζ' (anarántz') — Trapezounta, αραράντζι (ararántzi), νεράντζι (nerántzi) — Oinoe
→ Laz: არანძი (aranżi), არარანცი (araranʒi) — Khopa, ანძი (anżi) — Vitse
→ Middle Armenian: նարանճ (naranč)
→ Classical Persian: نَارَنْج (nāranj)
→ Azerbaijani: narınc
→ Gujarati: નારંજ (nārañj)
→ Middle Armenian: նարինջ (narinǰ)
Armenian: նարինջ (narinǰ)
→ Portuguese: laranja
→ Spanish: naranja
→ Alcozauca Mixtec: láxa
→ Guaraní: narã
→ Italian: narancia
→ Hungarian: narancs
⇒ Italian: arancia
→ Old Occitan: auranja
Occitan: irange
→ Old French: orenge
French: orange
→ Breton: orañjez
→ Belarusian: ара́нжавы (aránžavy)
→ Bulgarian: ора́нжев (oránžev)
→ German: Orange
Haitian Creole: zoranj
→ Latvian: oranžs
Louisiana Creole: zoranj
→ Low German: Orange
→ Luxembourgish: Orange
→ Norwegian: oransje
→ Romanian: oranj
→ Russian: ора́нжевый (oránževyj)
→ Swedish: orange
Norman: orange, oraunge
→ Middle English: orenge, orange
English: orange
→ Esperanto: oranĝo
→ Japanese: オレンジ (orenji)
→ Kashubian: orendż (Canada, United States)
→ Korean: 오렌지 (orenji)
→ Makah: ʔo·linčas
→ Malay: oren
→ Marshallese: oran
→ Southeastern Tepehuan: naraankas
→ Tagalog: narangha
→ Tetelcingo Nahuatl: alöxöx
→ Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl: naranja
→ Ottoman Turkish: نارنج (narenc, narenç)
Turkish: narenc
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Latin script: nàrānča, nàrāndža
Cyrillic script: на̀ра̄нча, на̀ра̄нџа

Borrowed from Dravidian; compare Tamil நார்த்தங்காய் (nārttaṅkāy, “citron”) (itself a compound of நரந்தம் (narantam, “fragrance”) and காய் (kāy, “fruit”)), as well as Tamil நாரங்காய் (nāraṅkāy), Telugu నారంగము (nāraṅgamu), Malayalam നാരങ്ങ (nāraṅṅa), Kannada ನಾರಂಗಿ (nāraṅgi). Attested form ca. the 4th century (Sushruta Samhita).
Possibly derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer *lŋaam (“sweet”) (Shorto 2006, #1322, Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Bahnaric: *ʔŋaːm (Sidwell, 2011) and Proto-Khasian: *ŋiam (Sidwell, 2012).
Another alternate source is possible as derived from 'nāga-raṅga-' (coloured like lead-oxide) as seen in Monier Williams and Boehtlingk and Roth Greater Sanskrit Dictionary.

cog

நார்த்தங்காய்

Tamil நாரங்காய் (nāraṅkāy)


व्रीहि

vrīhí (romanization)
व्रीहिः (nominative singular)
व्रीही (dual nominative)
व्रीहयः (nominative plural)
व्रीहे (singular vocative)
व्रीही (dual vocative)
व्रीहयः (plural vocative)
व्रीहिम् (accusative singular)
व्रीही (accusative dual)
व्रीहीन् (accusative plural)
व्रीहिणा (instrumental singular)
व्रीह्या1 (instrumental singular)
व्रीहिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
व्रीहिभिः (instrumental plural)
व्रीहये (dative singular)
व्रीहिभ्याम् (dative dual)
व्रीहिभ्यः (dative plural)
व्रीहेः (ablative singular)
व्रीह्यः1 (ablative singular)
व्रीहिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
व्रीहिभ्यः (ablative plural)
व्रीहेः (genitive singular)
व्रीह्यः1 (genitive singular)
व्रीह्योः (dual genitive)
व्रीहीणाम् (genitive plural)
व्रीहौ (locative singular)
व्रीहा1 (locative singular)
व्रीह्योः (dual locative)
व्रीहिषु (locative plural)

Sinhalese: වී (wī)

Dhivehi: ވީ (vī)

Either a borrowing from a Dravidian language (compare Proto-Dravidian *wariñci (“rice”)) or, according to Witzel, borrowed from an unknown South Asian, possibly Austroasiatic, source such as Proto-Mon-Khmer *sruʔ (“paddy rice”) (whence probably Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ras and Proto-Austronesian *bəʀas), with the Dravidian word being an independent borrowing of another variant. Related words are found in Iranian, Ancient Greek and Semitic. See Middle Persian blnc for more.


प्लुषि

plúṣi (romanization)
प्लुषिः (nominative singular)
प्लुषी (dual nominative)
प्लुषयः (nominative plural)
प्लुषे (singular vocative)
प्लुषी (dual vocative)
प्लुषयः (plural vocative)
प्लुषिम् (accusative singular)
प्लुषी (accusative dual)
प्लुषीन् (accusative plural)
प्लुषिणा (instrumental singular)
प्लुष्या1 (instrumental singular)
प्लुषिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्लुषिभिः (instrumental plural)
प्लुषये (dative singular)
प्लुषिभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्लुषिभ्यः (dative plural)
प्लुषेः (ablative singular)
प्लुष्यः1 (ablative singular)
प्लुषिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्लुषिभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्लुषेः (genitive singular)
प्लुष्यः1 (genitive singular)
प्लुष्योः (dual genitive)
प्लुषीणाम् (genitive plural)
प्लुषौ (locative singular)
प्लुषा1 (locative singular)
प्लुष्योः (dual locative)
प्लुषिषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Khowar: پُلُوݰوُ (pulúṣu)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *plúṣiṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *plúšiš, from Proto-Indo-European *plúsis (“flea”). Cognate with Latin pūlex, Ancient Greek ψύλλα (psúlla), Old English flēa (whence English flea).

a prajā́pataye púruṣān hastínā ā́labʰate vācé plúṣīn


पुलक

pulaka (romanization)
पुलकः (nominative singular)
पुलकौ (dual nominative)
पुलकाः (nominative plural)
पुलक (singular vocative)
पुलकौ (dual vocative)
पुलकाः (plural vocative)
पुलकम् (accusative singular)
पुलकौ (accusative dual)
पुलकान् (accusative plural)
पुलकेन (instrumental singular)
पुलकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पुलकैः (instrumental plural)
पुलकाय (dative singular)
पुलकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पुलकेभ्यः (dative plural)
पुलकात् (ablative singular)
पुलकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पुलकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पुलकस्य (genitive singular)
पुलकयोः (dual genitive)
पुलकानाम् (genitive plural)
पुलके (locative singular)
पुलकयोः (dual locative)
पुलकेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of पुलक

From Proto-Indo-European *pulu- (“hair”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πυλεών (puleṓn, “wreathe, circlet”), Irish ulcha (“beard”), etc.

cog

(in the plural) erection or bristling of the hairs of the body (considered to be occasioned by delight or rapture rather than by fear)


पुलक

pulaka (romanization)
पुलकम् (nominative singular)
पुलके (dual nominative)
पुलकानि (nominative plural)
पुलक (singular vocative)
पुलके (dual vocative)
पुलकानि (plural vocative)
पुलकम् (accusative singular)
पुलके (accusative dual)
पुलकानि (accusative plural)
पुलकेन (instrumental singular)
पुलकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पुलकैः (instrumental plural)
पुलकाय (dative singular)
पुलकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पुलकेभ्यः (dative plural)
पुलकात् (ablative singular)
पुलकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पुलकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पुलकस्य (genitive singular)
पुलकयोः (dual genitive)
पुलकानाम् (genitive plural)
पुलके (locative singular)
पुलकयोः (dual locative)
पुलकेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">पुलक</i>


पृथु

pṛthú (romanization)
पृथुः (nominative singular)
पृथू (dual nominative)
पृथवः (nominative plural)
पृथो (singular vocative)
पृथू (dual vocative)
पृथवः (plural vocative)
पृथुम् (accusative singular)
पृथू (accusative dual)
पृथूः (accusative plural)
पृथ्वा (instrumental singular)
पृथुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पृथुभिः (instrumental plural)
पृथवे (dative singular)
पृथ्वै1 (dative singular)
पृथुभ्याम् (dative dual)
पृथुभ्यः (dative plural)
पृथोः (ablative singular)
पृथ्वाः1 (ablative singular)
पृथ्वै2 (ablative singular)
पृथुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पृथुभ्यः (ablative plural)
पृथोः (genitive singular)
पृथ्वाः1 (genitive singular)
पृथ्वै2 (genitive singular)
पृथ्वोः (dual genitive)
पृथूनाम् (genitive plural)
पृथौ (locative singular)
पृथ्वाम्1 (locative singular)
पृथ्वोः (dual locative)
पृथुषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

desc

Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (piṛik, “palm of hand”)

Southeast Pashayi: [script needed] (peṛek, “palm of hand”)

Shumashti: [script needed] (piṛik)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *pr̥tʰúṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pr̥tʰúš, from Proto-Indo-European *pléth₂us, from *pleth₂- (“flat”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬚𐬎 (pər^əθu), Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús), Old Armenian յաղթ (yałtʻ), English flat.

(botany) Nigella sativa var. sativa, syn. Nigella indica


अहि

áhi (romanization)
अहिः (nominative singular)
अही (dual nominative)
अहयः (nominative plural)
अहे (singular vocative)
अही (dual vocative)
अहयः (plural vocative)
अहिम् (accusative singular)
अही (accusative dual)
अहीन् (accusative plural)
अहिना (instrumental singular)
अह्या1 (instrumental singular)
अहिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अहिभिः (instrumental plural)
अहये (dative singular)
अहिभ्याम् (dative dual)
अहिभ्यः (dative plural)
अहेः (ablative singular)
अह्यः1 (ablative singular)
अहिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अहिभ्यः (ablative plural)
अहेः (genitive singular)
अह्यः1 (genitive singular)
अह्योः (dual genitive)
अहीनाम् (genitive plural)
अहौ (locative singular)
अहा1 (locative singular)
अह्योः (dual locative)
अहिषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Khowar: آیی (ayí)

Pali: ahi

→ Assamese: অহি (ohi)

→ Bengali: অহি (ohi)

→ Marathi: अहि (ahi)

→ Tamil: அகி (aki)

→ Telugu: అహి (ahi)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háǰʰiš (“snake, serpent”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ógʷʰis (“snake”). Cognates include Avestan 𐬀𐬲𐬌 (aži), Ancient Greek ὄφις (óphis), Old Armenian իժ (iž).

inh

the serpent of the sky, the demon Vritra


नव

náva (romanization)
नवः (nominative singular)
नवौ (dual nominative)
नवा1 (dual nominative)
नवाः (nominative plural)
नवासः1 (nominative plural)
नव (singular vocative)
नवौ (dual vocative)
नवा1 (dual vocative)
नवाः (plural vocative)
नवासः1 (plural vocative)
नवम् (accusative singular)
नवौ (accusative dual)
नवा1 (accusative dual)
नवान् (accusative plural)
नवेन (instrumental singular)
नवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नवैः (instrumental plural)
नवेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नवाय (dative singular)
नवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नवेभ्यः (dative plural)
नवात् (ablative singular)
नवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नवेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नवस्य (genitive singular)
नवयोः (dual genitive)
नवानाम् (genitive plural)
नवे (locative singular)
नवयोः (dual locative)
नवेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *náwas (“new”), from Proto-Indo-European *néwos.
Cognates
Cognate with Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (nauua), Persian نو (now), Ancient Greek νέος (néos), Latin novus, Tocharian B ñuwe, Old Church Slavonic новъ (novŭ), Old English nīewe (whence English new).


पूर

pūra (romanization)
पूरम् (nominative singular)
पूरे (dual nominative)
पूराणि (nominative plural)
पूरा1 (nominative plural)
पूर (singular vocative)
पूरे (dual vocative)
पूराणि (plural vocative)
पूरा1 (plural vocative)
पूरम् (accusative singular)
पूरे (accusative dual)
पूराणि (accusative plural)
पूरा1 (accusative plural)
पूरेण (instrumental singular)
पूराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पूरैः (instrumental plural)
पूरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पूराय (dative singular)
पूराभ्याम् (dative dual)
पूरेभ्यः (dative plural)
पूरात् (ablative singular)
पूराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पूरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पूरस्य (genitive singular)
पूरयोः (dual genitive)
पूराणाम् (genitive plural)
पूरे (locative singular)
पूरयोः (dual locative)
पूरेषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀽𑀭 (pūra)

Pali: pūra

From the root पॄ (pṝ). See also पूरक (pūraka) for more descendants.


तित्तिरि

tittíri (romanization)
तित्तिरिः (nominative singular)
तित्तिरी (dual nominative)
तित्तिरयः (nominative plural)
तित्तिरे (singular vocative)
तित्तिरी (dual vocative)
तित्तिरयः (plural vocative)
तित्तिरिम् (accusative singular)
तित्तिरी (accusative dual)
तित्तिरीन् (accusative plural)
तित्तिरिणा (instrumental singular)
तित्तिरिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तित्तिरिभिः (instrumental plural)
तित्तिरये (dative singular)
तित्तिरिभ्याम् (dative dual)
तित्तिरिभ्यः (dative plural)
तित्तिरेः (ablative singular)
तित्तिरिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तित्तिरिभ्यः (ablative plural)
तित्तिरेः (genitive singular)
तित्तिर्योः (dual genitive)
तित्तिरीणाम् (genitive plural)
तित्तिरौ (locative singular)
तित्तिर्योः (dual locative)
तित्तिरिषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine i-stem declension of तित्तिरि

तित्तिरिभ्याम्

तित्तिरिभ्याम्

तित्तिरिभ्यः

तित्तिरिभ्याम्

तित्तिरिभ्यः

तित्तिरीणाम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

तित्तिरिभ्याम्

तित्तिरिभ्याम्

तित्तिरिभ्यः

तित्तिरिभ्याम्

तित्तिरिभ्यः

तित्तिरीणाम्


शारि

śā́ri (romanization)
शारिः (nominative singular)
शारी (dual nominative)
शारयः (nominative plural)
शारे (singular vocative)
शारी (dual vocative)
शारयः (plural vocative)
शारिम् (accusative singular)
शारी (accusative dual)
शारीः (accusative plural)
शार्या (instrumental singular)
शारिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शारिभिः (instrumental plural)
शार्यै (dative singular)
शारये (dative singular)
शारिभ्याम् (dative dual)
शारिभ्यः (dative plural)
शार्याः (ablative singular)
शारेः (ablative singular)
शारिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शारिभ्यः (ablative plural)
शार्याः (genitive singular)
शारेः (genitive singular)
शार्योः (dual genitive)
शारीनाम् (genitive plural)
शार्याम् (locative singular)
शारौ (locative singular)
शार्योः (dual locative)
शारिषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine i-stem declension of शारि

शार्यै / शारये

शार्याः / शारेः

शार्याः / शारेः

शार्याम् / शारौ

sa-decl-noun/cell

शार्याः / शारेः

शार्यै / शारये

शार्याः / शारेः

शार्याः / शारेः

शार्याम् / शारौ

Gracula religiosa
Gracula religiosa#Translingual

a particular bird (commonly called myna, either Gracula religiosa or Turdus salica)


शारि

śā́ri (romanization)
शारिः (nominative singular)
शारी (dual nominative)
शारयः (nominative plural)
शारे (singular vocative)
शारी (dual vocative)
शारयः (plural vocative)
शारिम् (accusative singular)
शारी (accusative dual)
शारीन् (accusative plural)
शारिना (instrumental singular)
शारिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शारिभिः (instrumental plural)
शारये (dative singular)
शारिभ्याम् (dative dual)
शारिभ्यः (dative plural)
शारेः (ablative singular)
शारिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शारिभ्यः (ablative plural)
शारेः (genitive singular)
शार्योः (dual genitive)
शारीनाम् (genitive plural)
शारौ (locative singular)
शार्योः (dual locative)
शारिषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine i-stem declension of शारि

(chess) chessman, piece at chess (or at a kind of draughts)


तित्तिर

tittirá (romanization)
तित्तिरः (nominative singular)
तित्तिरौ (dual nominative)
तित्तिरा1 (dual nominative)
तित्तिराः (nominative plural)
तित्तिरासः1 (nominative plural)
तित्तिर (singular vocative)
तित्तिरौ (dual vocative)
तित्तिरा1 (dual vocative)
तित्तिराः (plural vocative)
तित्तिरासः1 (plural vocative)
तित्तिरम् (accusative singular)
तित्तिरौ (accusative dual)
तित्तिरा1 (accusative dual)
तित्तिरान् (accusative plural)
तित्तिरेण (instrumental singular)
तित्तिराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तित्तिरैः (instrumental plural)
तित्तिरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तित्तिराय (dative singular)
तित्तिराभ्याम् (dative dual)
तित्तिरेभ्यः (dative plural)
तित्तिरात् (ablative singular)
तित्तिराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तित्तिरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तित्तिरस्य (genitive singular)
तित्तिरयोः (dual genitive)
तित्तिराणाम् (genitive plural)
तित्तिरे (locative singular)
तित्तिरयोः (dual locative)
तित्तिरेषु (locative plural)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:

Bhojpuri: तीतर (tītar)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: তিতৰ (titor), তিতৌ (titou)

Bengali: তিতির (titir), টিটির (ṭiṭir)

Sylheti: ꠔꠤꠔꠞ (titor)

Maharastri Prakrit:

desc

Old Marathi: तीतीर (tītīra), तीतुर (tītura)

Marathi: तितर (titar)

Pali: tittira

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀢𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀭 (tittira)

Gujarati: તીતર (tītar)

Hindi: तीतर (tītar)

Nepali: तितर (titar)

Punjabi: ਤਿੱਤਰ (tittar)

From Proto-Indo-European *teter (“grouse”). Cognate with Ancient Greek τετράων (tetráōn), Latin turtur, Old Armenian տատրակ (tatrak).


प्रियङ्गु

priyáṅgu (romanization)
प्रियङ्गुः (nominative singular)
प्रियङ्गू (dual nominative)
प्रियङ्गवः (nominative plural)
प्रियङ्गो (singular vocative)
प्रियङ्गू (dual vocative)
प्रियङ्गवः (plural vocative)
प्रियङ्गुम् (accusative singular)
प्रियङ्गू (accusative dual)
प्रियङ्गून् (accusative plural)
प्रियङ्गुणा (instrumental singular)
प्रियङ्गुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रियङ्गुभिः (instrumental plural)
प्रियङ्गवे (dative singular)
प्रियङ्गुभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रियङ्गुभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रियङ्गोः (ablative singular)
प्रियङ्गुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रियङ्गुभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रियङ्गोः (genitive singular)
प्रियङ्ग्वोः (dual genitive)
प्रियङ्गूणाम् (genitive plural)
प्रियङ्गौ (locative singular)
प्रियङ्ग्वोः (dual locative)
प्रियङ्गुषु (locative plural)
प्रियङ्गुः (nominative singular)
प्रियङ्गू (dual nominative)
प्रियङ्गवः (nominative plural)
प्रियङ्गो (singular vocative)
प्रियङ्गू (dual vocative)
प्रियङ्गवः (plural vocative)
प्रियङ्गुम् (accusative singular)
प्रियङ्गू (accusative dual)
प्रियङ्गूः (accusative plural)
प्रियङ्ग्वा (instrumental singular)
प्रियङ्गुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रियङ्गुभिः (instrumental plural)
प्रियङ्ग्वै (dative singular)
प्रियङ्गवे (dative singular)
प्रियङ्गुभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रियङ्गुभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रियङ्गुवाः (ablative singular)
प्रियङ्गोः (ablative singular)
प्रियङ्गुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रियङ्गुभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रियङ्गुवाः (genitive singular)
प्रियङ्गोः (genitive singular)
प्रियङ्ग्वोः (dual genitive)
प्रियङ्गूणाम् (genitive plural)
प्रियङ्ग्वाम् (locative singular)
प्रियङ्गौ (locative singular)
प्रियङ्ग्वोः (dual locative)
प्रियङ्गुषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine u-stem declension of प्रियङ्गु

प्रियङ्गुभ्याम्

प्रियङ्गुभिः

प्रियङ्गुभ्याम्

प्रियङ्गुभ्यः

प्रियङ्गुभ्याम्

प्रियङ्गुभ्यः

प्रियङ्ग्वोः

प्रियङ्गूणाम्

प्रियङ्ग्वोः

sa-decl-noun/cell

प्रियङ्गुभ्याम्

प्रियङ्गुभिः

प्रियङ्गुभ्याम्

प्रियङ्गुभ्यः

प्रियङ्गुभ्याम्

प्रियङ्गुभ्यः

प्रियङ्ग्वोः

प्रियङ्गूणाम्

प्रियङ्ग्वोः

sa-decl-noun

Feminine u-stem declension of प्रियङ्गु

प्रियङ्गुभ्याम्

प्रियङ्गुभिः

प्रियङ्ग्वै / प्रियङ्गवे

प्रियङ्गुभ्याम्

प्रियङ्गुभ्यः

प्रियङ्गुवाः/ प्रियङ्गोः

प्रियङ्गुभ्याम्

प्रियङ्गुभ्यः

प्रियङ्गुवाः/ प्रियङ्गोः

प्रियङ्ग्वोः

प्रियङ्गूणाम्

प्रियङ्ग्वाम् / प्रियङ्गौ

प्रियङ्ग्वोः

sa-decl-noun/cell

प्रियङ्गुवाः/ प्रियङ्गोः

प्रियङ्गुभ्याम्

प्रियङ्गुभिः

प्रियङ्ग्वै / प्रियङ्गवे

प्रियङ्गुभ्याम्

प्रियङ्गुभ्यः

प्रियङ्गुवाः/ प्रियङ्गोः

प्रियङ्गुभ्याम्

प्रियङ्गुभ्यः

प्रियङ्गुवाः/ प्रियङ्गोः

प्रियङ्ग्वोः

प्रियङ्गूणाम्

प्रियङ्ग्वाम् / प्रियङ्गौ

प्रियङ्ग्वोः

Setaria italica
Setaria italica#Translingual

Brassica juncea
Brassica juncea#Translingual

Indian mustard (Brassica juncea, syn. Sinapis ramosa)


धूम

dhūmá (romanization)
धूमः (nominative singular)
धूमौ (dual nominative)
धूमा1 (dual nominative)
धूमाः (nominative plural)
धूमासः1 (nominative plural)
धूम (singular vocative)
धूमौ (dual vocative)
धूमा1 (dual vocative)
धूमाः (plural vocative)
धूमासः1 (plural vocative)
धूमम् (accusative singular)
धूमौ (accusative dual)
धूमा1 (accusative dual)
धूमान् (accusative plural)
धूमेन (instrumental singular)
धूमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
धूमैः (instrumental plural)
धूमेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
धूमाय (dative singular)
धूमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
धूमेभ्यः (dative plural)
धूमात् (ablative singular)
धूमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
धूमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
धूमस्य (genitive singular)
धूमयोः (dual genitive)
धूमानाम् (genitive plural)
धूमे (locative singular)
धूमयोः (dual locative)
धूमेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Dameli: [script needed] (dum)

Domaaki: [script needed] (dūm)

Kalami: [script needed] (dum)

Grangali: [script needed] (dum)

Kalasha: thum (thum)

Kohistani Shina: [script needed] (dūm)

desc

Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (dhūm)

Shina: [script needed] (dum)

Shumashti: [script needed] (dūm)

Tirahi: [script needed] (dhung)

Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (dum)

Kashmiri: دٕہ (dụh)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ދުން (dun̊)

Sinhalese: දුම (duma)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀥𑀽𑀫 (dhūma)

Assamese: ধোঁৱা (dhü̃a)

Bengali: ধোঁয়া (dhō̃ẇa)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: धूआँ (dhūā̃)

Maithili: धूआँ (dhūā̃)

Odia: ଧୂଆଁ (dhuā̃)

Sylheti: ꠗꠥꠝꠣ (dúma)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: دھواں (dhū̃ā̃) / ਧੂੰਆਂ (dhū̃ā̃)

Pali: dhūma

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀥𑀽𑀫 (dhūma)

Garhwali: धुवाँ (dhuvā̃)

Gujarati: ધૂમ (dhūm)

Hindustani:

Hindi: धूआँ (dhūā̃)

Urdu: دھواں (dhūā̃)

Kumaoni: धूवाँ (dhūvā̃)

Nepali: धुवाँ (dhuwā̃)

Romani: thuv

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-
Proto-Indo-European *-mós
Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰuHmás
Sanskrit धूम (dhūma)
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dʰuHmás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰuHmás (“smoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”). Cognate with Ancient Greek θυμός (thumós), Latin fūmus, Old Church Slavonic дꙑмъ (dymŭ).

etymon

श॒क॒मयं॑ धू॒मम्आ॒राद॑पश्यं विषू॒वता॑ प॒र ए॒नाव॑रेण।
उ॒क्षाणं॒ पृश्नि॑मपचन्त वी॒रास्तानि॒ धर्मा॑णि प्रथ॒मान्या॑सन्॥
śakamáyaṃ dhūmámārā́dapaśyaṃ viṣūvátā pará enā́vareṇa.

I saw from far away the smoke of fuel with spires that rose on high over that beneath it.
The Mighty Men have dressed the spotted bullock. These were the customs in the days aforetime

ukṣā́ṇaṃ pṛ́śnimapacanta vīrā́stā́ni dhármāṇi prathamā́nyāsan.

अनेन पञ्चवटी दर्शनेन अन्तर्लीनस्य दुःखाग्नेर् अद्योद्दामं ज्वलिष्यतः।
उत्पीड इव धूमस्य मोहः प्रागावृनोति माम्॥
anena pañcavaṭī darśanena antarlīnasya duḥkhāgner adyoddāmaṃ jvaliṣyataḥ.

600 CE, Uttararāmacarita (Rama's Last Act), Prelude to act III

The sight of Panchavati rekindles now the fire of sorrow that had long been dormant in my heart but first, like a dense pall of smoke, a delirium envelops me.

utpīḍa iva dhūmasya mohaḥ prāgāvṛnoti mām.


पुण्डरीक

sa-noun

पुण्डरीक • (puṇḍárīka) stem, n

puṇḍárīka (romanization)
पुण्डरीकम् (nominative singular)
पुण्डरीके (dual nominative)
पुण्डरीकाणि (nominative plural)
पुण्डरीका1 (nominative plural)
पुण्डरीक (singular vocative)
पुण्डरीके (dual vocative)
पुण्डरीकाणि (plural vocative)
पुण्डरीका1 (plural vocative)
पुण्डरीकम् (accusative singular)
पुण्डरीके (accusative dual)
पुण्डरीकाणि (accusative plural)
पुण्डरीका1 (accusative plural)
पुण्डरीकेण (instrumental singular)
पुण्डरीकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पुण्डरीकैः (instrumental plural)
पुण्डरीकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पुण्डरीकाय (dative singular)
पुण्डरीकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पुण्डरीकेभ्यः (dative plural)
पुण्डरीकात् (ablative singular)
पुण्डरीकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पुण्डरीकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पुण्डरीकस्य (genitive singular)
पुण्डरीकयोः (dual genitive)
पुण्डरीकाणाम् (genitive plural)
पुण्डरीके (locative singular)
पुण्डरीकयोः (dual locative)
पुण्डरीकेषु (locative plural)


पुण्डरीक

पुण्डरीक • (puṇḍárīka) stem, m

puṇḍárīka (romanization)
पुण्डरीकः (nominative singular)
पुण्डरीकौ (dual nominative)
पुण्डरीका1 (dual nominative)
पुण्डरीकाः (nominative plural)
पुण्डरीकासः1 (nominative plural)
पुण्डरीक (singular vocative)
पुण्डरीकौ (dual vocative)
पुण्डरीका1 (dual vocative)
पुण्डरीकाः (plural vocative)
पुण्डरीकासः1 (plural vocative)
पुण्डरीकम् (accusative singular)
पुण्डरीकौ (accusative dual)
पुण्डरीका1 (accusative dual)
पुण्डरीकान् (accusative plural)
पुण्डरीकेण (instrumental singular)
पुण्डरीकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पुण्डरीकैः (instrumental plural)
पुण्डरीकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पुण्डरीकाय (dative singular)
पुण्डरीकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पुण्डरीकेभ्यः (dative plural)
पुण्डरीकात् (ablative singular)
पुण्डरीकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पुण्डरीकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पुण्डरीकस्य (genitive singular)
पुण्डरीकयोः (dual genitive)
पुण्डरीकाणाम् (genitive plural)
पुण्डरीके (locative singular)
पुण्डरीकयोः (dual locative)
पुण्डरीकेषु (locative plural)


जाङ्गल

head

जाङ्गल • (jāṅgala)

jāṅgala (romanization)
जाङ्गलः (nominative singular)
जाङ्गलौ (dual nominative)
जाङ्गलाः (nominative plural)
जाङ्गल (singular vocative)
जाङ्गलौ (dual vocative)
जाङ्गलाः (plural vocative)
जाङ्गलम् (accusative singular)
जाङ्गलौ (accusative dual)
जाङ्गलान् (accusative plural)
जाङ्गलेन (instrumental singular)
जाङ्गलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जाङ्गलैः (instrumental plural)
जाङ्गलाय (dative singular)
जाङ्गलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जाङ्गलेभ्यः (dative plural)
जाङ्गलात् (ablative singular)
जाङ्गलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जाङ्गलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जाङ्गलस्य (genitive singular)
जाङ्गलयोः (dual genitive)
जाङ्गलानाम् (genitive plural)
जाङ्गले (locative singular)
जाङ्गलयोः (dual locative)
जाङ्गलेषु (locative plural)
जाङ्गला (nominative singular)
जाङ्गले (dual nominative)
जाङ्गलाः (nominative plural)
जाङ्गले (singular vocative)
जाङ्गले (dual vocative)
जाङ्गलाः (plural vocative)
जाङ्गलाम् (accusative singular)
जाङ्गले (accusative dual)
जाङ्गलाः (accusative plural)
जाङ्गलया (instrumental singular)
जाङ्गलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जाङ्गलाभिः (instrumental plural)
जाङ्गलायै (dative singular)
जाङ्गलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जाङ्गलाभ्यः (dative plural)
जाङ्गलायाः (ablative singular)
जाङ्गलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जाङ्गलाभ्यः (ablative plural)
जाङ्गलायाः (genitive singular)
जाङ्गलयोः (dual genitive)
जाङ्गलानाम् (genitive plural)
जाङ्गलायाम् (locative singular)
जाङ्गलयोः (dual locative)
जाङ्गलासु (locative plural)
जाङ्गलम् (nominative singular)
जाङ्गले (dual nominative)
जाङ्गलानि (nominative plural)
जाङ्गल (singular vocative)
जाङ्गले (dual vocative)
जाङ्गलानि (plural vocative)
जाङ्गलम् (accusative singular)
जाङ्गले (accusative dual)
जाङ्गलानि (accusative plural)
जाङ्गलेन (instrumental singular)
जाङ्गलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जाङ्गलैः (instrumental plural)
जाङ्गलाय (dative singular)
जाङ्गलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जाङ्गलेभ्यः (dative plural)
जाङ्गलात् (ablative singular)
जाङ्गलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जाङ्गलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जाङ्गलस्य (genitive singular)
जाङ्गलयोः (dual genitive)
जाङ्गलानाम् (genitive plural)
जाङ्गले (locative singular)
जाङ्गलयोः (dual locative)
जाङ्गलेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of जाङ्गल

जाङ्गलाभ्याम्

जाङ्गलाभ्याम्

जाङ्गलाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

जाङ्गलाभ्याम्

जाङ्गलाभ्याम्

जाङ्गलाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ā-stem declension of जाङ्गल

जाङ्गलाभ्याम्

जाङ्गलाभ्याम्

जाङ्गलाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

जाङ्गलाभ्याम्

जाङ्गलाभ्याम्

जाङ्गलाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">जाङ्गल</i>

जाङ्गलाभ्याम्

जाङ्गलाभ्याम्

जाङ्गलाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

जाङ्गलाभ्याम्

जाङ्गलाभ्याम्

जाङ्गलाभ्याम्

Punjabi: جھَنگ (Jhang)

→ Urdu: جھنگ (Jhang)

made of arid wood, coming from wild deer


देवदासी

devá-dāsī (romanization)
देवदासी (nominative singular)
देवदास्यौ (dual nominative)
देवदास्यः (nominative plural)
देवदासि (singular vocative)
देवदास्यौ (dual vocative)
देवदास्यः (plural vocative)
देवदासीम् (accusative singular)
देवदास्यौ (accusative dual)
देवदासीः (accusative plural)
देवदास्या (instrumental singular)
देवदासीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
देवदासीभिः (instrumental plural)
देवदास्यै (dative singular)
देवदासीभ्याम् (dative dual)
देवदासीभ्यः (dative plural)
देवदास्याः (ablative singular)
देवदासीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
देवदासीभ्यः (ablative plural)
देवदास्याः (genitive singular)
देवदास्योः (dual genitive)
देवदासीनाम् (genitive plural)
देवदास्याम् (locative singular)
देवदास्योः (dual locative)
देवदासीषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ī-stem declension of देवदासी

देवदासीभ्याम्

देवदासीभ्याम्

देवदासीभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

देवदासीभ्याम्

देवदासीभ्याम्

देवदासीभ्याम्

Compound of देव (devá, “deity, god”) and दासी (dāsī, “a female servant or slave”).


कर्कट

karkaṭa (romanization)
कर्कटः (nominative singular)
कर्कटौ (dual nominative)
कर्कटा1 (dual nominative)
कर्कटाः (nominative plural)
कर्कटासः1 (nominative plural)
कर्कट (singular vocative)
कर्कटौ (dual vocative)
कर्कटा1 (dual vocative)
कर्कटाः (plural vocative)
कर्कटासः1 (plural vocative)
कर्कटम् (accusative singular)
कर्कटौ (accusative dual)
कर्कटा1 (accusative dual)
कर्कटान् (accusative plural)
कर्कटेन (instrumental singular)
कर्कटाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कर्कटैः (instrumental plural)
कर्कटेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कर्कटाय (dative singular)
कर्कटाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कर्कटेभ्यः (dative plural)
कर्कटात् (ablative singular)
कर्कटाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कर्कटेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कर्कटस्य (genitive singular)
कर्कटयोः (dual genitive)
कर्कटानाम् (genitive plural)
कर्कटे (locative singular)
कर्कटयोः (dual locative)
कर्कटेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Tirahi: [script needed] (kaṅgarā́)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: කකුළුවා (kakuḷuwā)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀓𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟 (kakkaḍa)

Old Marathi:

Marathi: खेकडा (khekḍā)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀓𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟 (kakkaḍa)

Early Assamese: কাঙ্কৰা (kaṅkora)

Middle Assamese: কঁকৰা (kõkora)

desc

Assamese: কেঁকোৰা (kẽküra), কাঁক্ৰা (kãkra) (Kamrupi dialect)

→ Bodo (India): खांख्राय (kangkray)

→ Dimasa: khangkrai

Old Bengali: কাংকডা (kāṃkaḍā)

Middle Bengali: কাঁকড়া (kãkoṛa)

Bengali: কাঁকড়া (kãkṛa)

Sylheti: ꠇꠣꠇꠠꠣ (xaxoṛa)

Kamta: কাঁকৰা (kãkora)

Odia: କାଂକଡ଼ା (kāṅkaṛā), କାକାଡ଼ା (kākāṛā)

Pali: kakkaṭaka

→ Khmer: កក្កដា (kakkaʼdaa)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟 (kakkaḍa)

Hindustani:

Hindi: केकड़ (kekaṛ), केकड़ा (kekṛā)

Urdu: کےکَڑ (kekaṛ), کیکڑا

Punjabi: ਕੇਕੜਾ (kekṛā)

Lahnda: [script needed] (kakkaṛ)

Western:

Sindhi:

Devanagari script: केकड़ो

Arabic script: ڪڪڙ

→ Bengali: কর্কট (korkoṭ)

→ Dhivehi: ކަރުކަށަ (karukaṣa)

→ Telugu: కర్కటము (karkaṭamu)

→ Thai: กรกฎ (gɔɔ-rá-gòt)

→ Tibetan: ཀརྐ་ཊ (krka ṭa)

→ Burmese: ကရကဋ် (ka.ra.kat)

→ Classical Newar: कखडि

Newar: कःलि (ka:li)

/ˈkɐɾ.kɐ.ʈɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *karkartas, according to Pokorny, related to कर्कर (karkara, “hard”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂er- (“hard”) (see also Welsh crach (“crust”), Proto-Slavic *rakъ (“crayfish”)). Latin cancer and Ancient Greek καρκίνος (karkínos, “crab”) could also be related, but this is uncertain.
More likely from a substrate language, and possibly cognate with Santali ᱠᱟᱴᱠᱚᱢ (kaṭkôm); however, this is uncertain, as the latter could also be from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₁aam. However, the Santali word is definitely not borrowed from Sanskrit; and a borrowing from Munda languages into Sanskrit is not verifiable.

cog

the curved end of the beam of a balance (to which the strings supporting the scale are attached)


लाक्षा

sa-noun

लाक्षा • (lākṣā) stem, f

lākṣā (romanization)
लाक्षा (nominative singular)
लाक्षे (dual nominative)
लाक्षाः (nominative plural)
लाक्षे (singular vocative)
लाक्षे (dual vocative)
लाक्षाः (plural vocative)
लाक्षाम् (accusative singular)
लाक्षे (accusative dual)
लाक्षाः (accusative plural)
लाक्षया (instrumental singular)
लाक्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
लाक्षाभिः (instrumental plural)
लाक्षायै (dative singular)
लाक्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
लाक्षाभ्यः (dative plural)
लाक्षायाः (ablative singular)
लाक्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
लाक्षाभ्यः (ablative plural)
लाक्षायाः (genitive singular)
लाक्षयोः (dual genitive)
लाक्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
लाक्षायाम् (locative singular)
लाक्षयोः (dual locative)
लाक्षासु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ā-stem declension of लाक्षा

लाक्षाभ्याम्

लाक्षाभ्याम्

लाक्षाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

लाक्षाभ्याम्

लाक्षाभ्याम्

लाक्षाभ्याम्

Uncertain. Suggestions have included:
* Derived from *लक्ष (lakṣa), *रक्ष (rakṣa, “red; redness”) (related to Proto-Iranian *raxšah (“dark-colored”)), from रज् (raj, “to become red”)
* From Proto-Indo-European *laḱs- (“salmon, trout”), related to Latvian lasis, Middle Low German las (“salmon”), Russian лосо́сь (losósʹ, “salmon”), etc.
* From लक्ष (lakṣa, “one hundred thousand”), referring to the insects gathered to create the resin


सन

sána (romanization)
सनः (nominative singular)
सनौ (dual nominative)
सना1 (dual nominative)
सनाः (nominative plural)
सनासः1 (nominative plural)
सन (singular vocative)
सनौ (dual vocative)
सना1 (dual vocative)
सनाः (plural vocative)
सनासः1 (plural vocative)
सनम् (accusative singular)
सनौ (accusative dual)
सना1 (accusative dual)
सनान् (accusative plural)
सनेन (instrumental singular)
सनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सनैः (instrumental plural)
सनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सनाय (dative singular)
सनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सनेभ्यः (dative plural)
सनात् (ablative singular)
सनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सनस्य (genitive singular)
सनयोः (dual genitive)
सनानाम् (genitive plural)
सने (locative singular)
सनयोः (dual locative)
सनेषु (locative plural)

(botany) Bignonia suaveolens or Terminalia tomentosa


मणि

maṇí (romanization)
मणिः (nominative singular)
मणी (dual nominative)
मणयः (nominative plural)
मणे (singular vocative)
मणी (dual vocative)
मणयः (plural vocative)
मणिम् (accusative singular)
मणी (accusative dual)
मणीन् (accusative plural)
मणिना (instrumental singular)
मण्या1 (instrumental singular)
मणिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मणिभिः (instrumental plural)
मणये (dative singular)
मणिभ्याम् (dative dual)
मणिभ्यः (dative plural)
मणेः (ablative singular)
मण्यः1 (ablative singular)
मणिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मणिभ्यः (ablative plural)
मणेः (genitive singular)
मण्यः1 (genitive singular)
मण्योः (dual genitive)
मणीनाम् (genitive plural)
मणौ (locative singular)
मणा1 (locative singular)
मण्योः (dual locative)
मणिषु (locative plural)

Pali: maṇi

→ Burmese: မဏိ (ma.ni.)

→ Hindi: मणि (maṇi)

→ Malayalam: മണി (maṇi)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: maṇi, maṇik
Javanese: ꦩꦤꦶꦏ꧀ (manik)
→ Balinese: ᬫᬡᬷᬓ᭄ (manik)

→ Tamil: மணி (maṇi)

→ Telugu: మణి (maṇi)

→ Urdu: منی (manī)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *maníṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *maníš, from Proto-Indo-European *mon-is (“ornament, jewel”), from *mon- (“neck”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬎-𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌 (zar^ənu-maⁱni, “with a golden neck ornament”), Latin monile (“jewel”), Old Norse men (“necklace”), Old English mene (“necklace”).

cog

𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬎-𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌

c. 600 BCE – 600 CE, Suśruta, Suśruta Saṃhitā


विहार

vihāra (romanization)
विहारः (nominative singular)
विहारौ (dual nominative)
विहारा1 (dual nominative)
विहाराः (nominative plural)
विहारासः1 (nominative plural)
विहार (singular vocative)
विहारौ (dual vocative)
विहारा1 (dual vocative)
विहाराः (plural vocative)
विहारासः1 (plural vocative)
विहारम् (accusative singular)
विहारौ (accusative dual)
विहारा1 (accusative dual)
विहारान् (accusative plural)
विहारेण (instrumental singular)
विहाराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विहारैः (instrumental plural)
विहारेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
विहाराय (dative singular)
विहाराभ्याम् (dative dual)
विहारेभ्यः (dative plural)
विहारात् (ablative singular)
विहाराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
विहारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
विहारस्य (genitive singular)
विहारयोः (dual genitive)
विहाराणाम् (genitive plural)
विहारे (locative singular)
विहारयोः (dual locative)
विहारेषु (locative plural)

Bengali: বিহার (bihar)

Hindi: बिहार (bihār)

→ English: vihara

→ Burmese: ဝိဟာရ (wi.hara.)

→ Khmer: វិហារ (vihiə)

→ Javanese: ꦮꦶꦲꦫ (wihara)

→ Indonesian: wihara

→ Lao: ວິຫານ (wi hān)

→ Lü: ᦞᦲᦠᦱᧃ (viiḣaan)

→ Malay: biara

Indonesian: biara

→ Northern Thai: ᩅᩥᩉᩣ᩠ᩁ

Sinhalese: විහාර (wihāra)

→ Thai: วิหาร (wí-hǎan)

From वि- (vi-, suffix indicating distribution, opposition or arrangement) + हार (hāra, “bearing, carrying”, from हर (hara)).

af

from <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">हर</i> (hara)

(at the end of a compound) delighting in


नाग

nāgá (romanization)
नागः (nominative singular)
नागौ (dual nominative)
नागा1 (dual nominative)
नागाः (nominative plural)
नागासः1 (nominative plural)
नाग (singular vocative)
नागौ (dual vocative)
नागा1 (dual vocative)
नागाः (plural vocative)
नागासः1 (plural vocative)
नागम् (accusative singular)
नागौ (accusative dual)
नागा1 (accusative dual)
नागान् (accusative plural)
नागेन (instrumental singular)
नागाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नागैः (instrumental plural)
नागेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नागाय (dative singular)
नागाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नागेभ्यः (dative plural)
नागात् (ablative singular)
नागाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नागेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नागस्य (genitive singular)
नागयोः (dual genitive)
नागानाम् (genitive plural)
नागे (locative singular)
नागयोः (dual locative)
नागेषु (locative plural)

Pali: nāga

Prakrit: 𑀡𑀸𑀬 (ṇāya)

Sinhalese: නයා (nayā)

Punjabi: ਨਾਗ (nāg, “cobra”)

Saraiki: نانگ (nāng, “snake”)

Sindhi: نانگ (“snake”)

→ Burmese: နဂါး (na.ga:), နာဂ (naga.)

→ Chinese:

Mandarin: 那伽 (nàjiā)

→ English: naga, naja

→ Hindi: नाग (nāg)

→ Bengali: নাগ (nag)

→ Italian: naga

→ Kannada: ನಾಗ (nāga)

desc

→ Kashmiri: ناگ (nāg, “snake, lake, spring”)

→ Khmer: នាគ (niək)

→ Lao: ນາກ (nāk)

→ Lü: ᦓᦱᧅ (naak)

→ Malayalam: നാഗം (nāgaṁ)

→ Malay: naga

Indonesian: naga

→ Mon: နာ်

→ Odia: ନାଗ (nāga)

→ Tamil: நாக (nāka), நாகம் (nākam)

Tampuan: ណាក

→ Telugu: నాగము (nāgamu)

→ Thai: นาค (nâak)

Probably the same word as नाग (nāga, “elephant”). Both the meanings “snake” and “elephant” can be explained as “*naked, hairless animal”, from Proto-Indo-European *nogʷós (“naked”). Cognate with Lithuanian núogas (“naked”). See also नग्न (nagná-, “naked”).
Alternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)nog-ó-s, from *(s)neg- (“to crawl; a creeping thing”) and cognate with Old English snaca (whence English snake).

c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa

a snake, especially of species {{taxfmt|Naja naja|species (syn. Coluber naja)

any of several plants (Mesua roxburghii, Rottlera tinctoria etc.)


नाग

nāgá (romanization)
नागः (nominative singular)
नागौ (dual nominative)
नागा1 (dual nominative)
नागाः (nominative plural)
नागासः1 (nominative plural)
नाग (singular vocative)
नागौ (dual vocative)
नागा1 (dual vocative)
नागाः (plural vocative)
नागासः1 (plural vocative)
नागम् (accusative singular)
नागौ (accusative dual)
नागा1 (accusative dual)
नागान् (accusative plural)
नागेन (instrumental singular)
नागाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नागैः (instrumental plural)
नागेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नागाय (dative singular)
नागाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नागेभ्यः (dative plural)
नागात् (ablative singular)
नागाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नागेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नागस्य (genitive singular)
नागयोः (dual genitive)
नागानाम् (genitive plural)
नागे (locative singular)
नागयोः (dual locative)
नागेषु (locative plural)
नागा (nominative singular)
नागे (dual nominative)
नागाः (nominative plural)
नागे (singular vocative)
नागे (dual vocative)
नागाः (plural vocative)
नागाम् (accusative singular)
नागे (accusative dual)
नागाः (accusative plural)
नागया (instrumental singular)
नागा1 (instrumental singular)
नागाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नागाभिः (instrumental plural)
नागायै (dative singular)
नागाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नागाभ्यः (dative plural)
नागायाः (ablative singular)
नागायै2 (ablative singular)
नागाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नागाभ्यः (ablative plural)
नागायाः (genitive singular)
नागायै2 (genitive singular)
नागयोः (dual genitive)
नागानाम् (genitive plural)
नागायाम् (locative singular)
नागयोः (dual locative)
नागासु (locative plural)
नागम् (nominative singular)
नागे (dual nominative)
नागानि (nominative plural)
नागा1 (nominative plural)
नाग (singular vocative)
नागे (dual vocative)
नागानि (plural vocative)
नागा1 (plural vocative)
नागम् (accusative singular)
नागे (accusative dual)
नागानि (accusative plural)
नागा1 (accusative plural)
नागेन (instrumental singular)
नागाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नागैः (instrumental plural)
नागेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नागाय (dative singular)
नागाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नागेभ्यः (dative plural)
नागात् (ablative singular)
नागाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नागेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नागस्य (genitive singular)
नागयोः (dual genitive)
नागानाम् (genitive plural)
नागे (locative singular)
नागयोः (dual locative)
नागेषु (locative plural)
नागी (nominative singular)
नाग्यौ (dual nominative)
नागी1 (dual nominative)
नाग्यः (nominative plural)
नागीः1 (nominative plural)
नागि (singular vocative)
नाग्यौ (dual vocative)
नागी1 (dual vocative)
नाग्यः (plural vocative)
नागीः1 (plural vocative)
नागीम् (accusative singular)
नाग्यौ (accusative dual)
नागी1 (accusative dual)
नागीः (accusative plural)
नाग्या (instrumental singular)
नागीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नागीभिः (instrumental plural)
नाग्यै (dative singular)
नागीभ्याम् (dative dual)
नागीभ्यः (dative plural)
नाग्याः (ablative singular)
नाग्यै2 (ablative singular)
नागीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नागीभ्यः (ablative plural)
नाग्याः (genitive singular)
नाग्यै2 (genitive singular)
नाग्योः (dual genitive)
नागीनाम् (genitive plural)
नाग्याम् (locative singular)
नाग्योः (dual locative)
नागीषु (locative plural)

formed of snakes, relating to serpents or serpents-demons, snaky, serpentine, serpent-like


नाग

nāgá (romanization)
नागम् (nominative singular)
नागे (dual nominative)
नागानि (nominative plural)
नागा1 (nominative plural)
नाग (singular vocative)
नागे (dual vocative)
नागानि (plural vocative)
नागा1 (plural vocative)
नागम् (accusative singular)
नागे (accusative dual)
नागानि (accusative plural)
नागा1 (accusative plural)
नागेन (instrumental singular)
नागाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नागैः (instrumental plural)
नागेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नागाय (dative singular)
नागाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नागेभ्यः (dative plural)
नागात् (ablative singular)
नागाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नागेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नागस्य (genitive singular)
नागयोः (dual genitive)
नागानाम् (genitive plural)
नागे (locative singular)
नागयोः (dual locative)
नागेषु (locative plural)

Probably borrowed from Semitic, ultimately from Sumerian 𒀭𒈾 (anna). Compare Classical Syriac ܐܢܟܐ (ʾānḵāʾ, “tin”), Biblical Hebrew אֲנָךְ (ʾănāḵ) , Arabic آنُك (ʔānuk, “lead; tin”).


नाग

Old Javanese: nāga (see there for further descendants)

Pali: nāga (“elephant”)

Prakrit: 𑀡𑀸𑀬 (ṇāya)

From Proto-Indo-European *nogʷós (“naked”). See नाग (nāga, “snake”).

श्रुत्वा ततः स्त्रीजनवल्लभानां मनोज्ञभावं पुरकाननानाम् ।
बहिःप्रयाणाय चकार बुद्धिम् अन्तर्गृहे नाग इवावरुद्धः ॥
śrutvā tataḥ strījanavallabhānāṃ manojñabhāvaṃ purakānanānām.

c. 80 CE – 150 CE, Aśvaghoṣa, Buddhacarita 3.2

1893 translation by E. B. Cowell
Having heard of the delightful appearance of the city groves beloved by the women,
He resolved to go out of doors, like an elephant long shut up in a house.

bahiḥprayāṇāya cakāra buddhim antargṛhe nāga ivāvaruddhaḥ.


सूकर

sūkará (romanization)
सूकरः (nominative singular)
सूकरौ (dual nominative)
सूकरा1 (dual nominative)
सूकराः (nominative plural)
सूकरासः1 (nominative plural)
सूकर (singular vocative)
सूकरौ (dual vocative)
सूकरा1 (dual vocative)
सूकराः (plural vocative)
सूकरासः1 (plural vocative)
सूकरम् (accusative singular)
सूकरौ (accusative dual)
सूकरा1 (accusative dual)
सूकरान् (accusative plural)
सूकरेण (instrumental singular)
सूकराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सूकरैः (instrumental plural)
सूकरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सूकराय (dative singular)
सूकराभ्याम् (dative dual)
सूकरेभ्यः (dative plural)
सूकरात् (ablative singular)
सूकराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सूकरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सूकरस्य (genitive singular)
सूकरयोः (dual genitive)
सूकराणाम् (genitive plural)
सूकरे (locative singular)
सूकरयोः (dual locative)
सूकरेषु (locative plural)

Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀲𑀽𑀓𑀭 (*sūkara), 𑀲𑀼𑀓𑀮 (sukala /sūkala/)

Khasa Prakrit:

Nepali: सुँगुर् (sũgur)

Magadhi Prakrit: *𑀲𑀽𑀅𑀭 (*sūara)

Bengali: শুয়োর (śuẏōr)

Rohingya: cúwor

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀽𑀅𑀭 (sūara)

Old Marathi: सोवर (sovara)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀽𑀕𑀭 (sūgara), *𑀲𑀽𑀅𑀭 (*sūara)

Gurjara Apabhramsa:

Gujarati: સૂવર (sūvar)

Sauraseni Apabhramsa:

Hindi: सूअर (sūar)

Urdu: سؤر (sūar)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਸੂਰ (sūr) / سُوْر (sūr)

Pali: sūkara

→ Thai: สุกร (sù-gɔɔn)

→ Old Marathi: सुक्र (sukra), सूकर (sūkara)

→ Proto-Munda: *sukuri

Mundari: [script needed] (suku'ri) (Darigutu)

Santali: ᱥᱩᱠᱨᱤ (sukri)

→ Telugu: సూకరము (sūkaramu)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *suHkarás (“pig, boar”), from Proto-Indo-European *suH- (“pig, hog, swine”).
Cognate with Ancient Greek ὗς (hûs, “pig”), Latin sūs (“pig”), Avestan 𐬵𐬏 (hū), Persian خوک (xuk), Old English swīn (whence English swine), English sow, Bulgarian свиня́ (svinjá).

inh

त्वं सूकरस्य दर्दृहि तव दर्दर्तु सूकरः ।

Be on thy guard against the boar, and let the boar beware of thee.

tvaṃ sūkarasya dardṛhi tava dardartu sūkaraḥ.


शृगाल

śṛgāla (romanization)
शृगालः (nominative singular)
शृगालौ (dual nominative)
शृगाला1 (dual nominative)
शृगालाः (nominative plural)
शृगालासः1 (nominative plural)
शृगाल (singular vocative)
शृगालौ (dual vocative)
शृगाला1 (dual vocative)
शृगालाः (plural vocative)
शृगालासः1 (plural vocative)
शृगालम् (accusative singular)
शृगालौ (accusative dual)
शृगाला1 (accusative dual)
शृगालान् (accusative plural)
शृगालेन (instrumental singular)
शृगालाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शृगालैः (instrumental plural)
शृगालेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शृगालाय (dative singular)
शृगालाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शृगालेभ्यः (dative plural)
शृगालात् (ablative singular)
शृगालाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शृगालेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शृगालस्य (genitive singular)
शृगालयोः (dual genitive)
शृगालानाम् (genitive plural)
शृगाले (locative singular)
शृगालयोः (dual locative)
शृगालेषु (locative plural)

→ Middle Persian: 𐬱𐬖𐬀𐬮 (šγal) (see there for further descendants)

→ Malay: serigala (“wolf”)

→ Thai: ศิคาล (sì-kaan, “fox”)

/ɕr̩.ɡɑː.lɐ/

/ɕr̩ˈɡɑː.l̪ɐ/

सृगाल सृगाल#Sanskrit


घोटक

sa-noun

घोटक • (ghoṭaka) stem, m (feminine घोटकी or घोटिका)

ghoṭaka (romanization)
घोटकी (feminine)
घोटिका (feminine)
घोटकः (nominative singular)
घोटकौ (dual nominative)
घोटका1 (dual nominative)
घोटकाः (nominative plural)
घोटकासः1 (nominative plural)
घोटक (singular vocative)
घोटकौ (dual vocative)
घोटका1 (dual vocative)
घोटकाः (plural vocative)
घोटकासः1 (plural vocative)
घोटकम् (accusative singular)
घोटकौ (accusative dual)
घोटका1 (accusative dual)
घोटकान् (accusative plural)
घोटकेन (instrumental singular)
घोटकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
घोटकैः (instrumental plural)
घोटकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
घोटकाय (dative singular)
घोटकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
घोटकेभ्यः (dative plural)
घोटकात् (ablative singular)
घोटकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
घोटकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
घोटकस्य (genitive singular)
घोटकयोः (dual genitive)
घोटकानाम् (genitive plural)
घोटके (locative singular)
घोटकयोः (dual locative)
घोटकेषु (locative plural)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:

Fiji Hindi: ghorra

Magadhi Prakrit:

desctree

Early Assamese: ঘোড়া (ghöṛa)
Assamese: ঘোঁৰা (ghü̃ra)

Bengali: ঘোড়া (ghōṛa)

Odia: ଘୋଡ଼ା (ghoṛā)

Rohingya: gúra

Sylheti: ꠊꠥꠠꠣ (gúṛa)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: घोडो (ghoḍô)

Old Marathi: 𑘑𑘻𑘚𑘳 (ghoḍu)

Marathi: घोडा (ghoḍā)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀖𑁄𑀟𑀕 (ghoḍaga)

Gurjara Apabhramsa:

Old Gujarati:

Gujarati: ઘોડો (ghoḍo)

Marwari: घोड़ौ (ghoṛau)

Saurashtra: ꢕꣁꢞꣁ (ghoḍo)

Hindustani:

Hindi: घोड़ा (ghoṛā)

Urdu: گھوڑا (ghoṛā)

Nepali: घोडा (ghoḍā)

Punjabi: ਘੋੜਾ (ghoṛā) / گھوڑا (ghoṛā)

Romani: khuro

Sindhi: گهوڙو / घोड़ो (ghoṛo)

→ Old Javanese: kuda
> Javanese: ꦏꦸꦢ (kuda) (inherited)
>? Malay: kuda (see there for further descendants)

/ɡʱɐw.ʈɐ.kɐ/

/ˈɡʱoː.ʈɐ.kɐ/

A foreign borrowing; compare Proto-Dravidian *kut-ir-ay (“horse”), whence Tamil குதிரை (kutirai). However, due to the traditional lack of presence and utility of horses in South and Southeast Asia, ultimate origins from Dravidian and Munda are doubtful, and alternative, more western or northern sources of the borrowing have been considered.


छल्ली

challī (romanization)
छल्ली (nominative singular)
छल्ल्यौ (dual nominative)
छल्ल्यः (nominative plural)
छल्लि (singular vocative)
छल्ल्यौ (dual vocative)
छल्ल्यः (plural vocative)
छल्लीम् (accusative singular)
छल्ल्यौ (accusative dual)
छल्लीः (accusative plural)
छल्ल्या (instrumental singular)
छल्लीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
छल्लीभिः (instrumental plural)
छल्ल्यै (dative singular)
छल्लीभ्याम् (dative dual)
छल्लीभ्यः (dative plural)
छल्ल्याः (ablative singular)
छल्लीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
छल्लीभ्यः (ablative plural)
छल्ल्याः (genitive singular)
छल्ल्योः (dual genitive)
छल्लीनाम् (genitive plural)
छल्ल्याम् (locative singular)
छल्ल्योः (dual locative)
छल्लीषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ī-stem declension of छल्ली

Pali: challi

Prakrit: 𑀙𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀺 (challi)

desc

Assamese: ছলি (soli, “child”), ছাল (sal, “skin”)

Bengali: ছাল (chal)

Bihari: छाल (chāl), छल्ला (challā)

Bhojpuri: छाल (chāl)

Maithili: छाल (chāl)

Gujarati: છાલ (chāl)

Hindustani: [Term?] (chāl)

Hindi: छाल

Urdu: چھال

Kumaoni: छाल (chāl)

Marathi: साल (sāl)

Nepali: छालि (chāli)

Odia: ଛଲ୍ଲି (challi), ଛାଲ (chāla)

Punjabi: ਛਿੱਲ (chilla, “skin, bark, rind, peel, husk”)

/ˈt͡ɕʰɐl̪.l̪iː/


कुञ्चिका

kuñcikā (romanization)
कुञ्चिका (nominative singular)
कुञ्चिके (dual nominative)
कुञ्चिकाः (nominative plural)
कुञ्चिके (singular vocative)
कुञ्चिके (dual vocative)
कुञ्चिकाः (plural vocative)
कुञ्चिकाम् (accusative singular)
कुञ्चिके (accusative dual)
कुञ्चिकाः (accusative plural)
कुञ्चिकया (instrumental singular)
कुञ्चिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कुञ्चिकाभिः (instrumental plural)
कुञ्चिकायै (dative singular)
कुञ्चिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कुञ्चिकाभ्यः (dative plural)
कुञ्चिकायाः (ablative singular)
कुञ्चिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कुञ्चिकाभ्यः (ablative plural)
कुञ्चिकायाः (genitive singular)
कुञ्चिकयोः (dual genitive)
कुञ्चिकानाम् (genitive plural)
कुञ्चिकायाम् (locative singular)
कुञ्चिकयोः (dual locative)
कुञ्चिकासु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ā-stem declension of कुञ्चिका

कुञ्चिकाभ्याम्

कुञ्चिकाभ्याम्

कुञ्चिकाभ्यः

कुञ्चिकाभ्याम्

कुञ्चिकाभ्यः

कुञ्चिकानाम्

कुञ्चिकायाम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

कुञ्चिकाभ्याम्

कुञ्चिकाभ्याम्

कुञ्चिकाभ्यः

कुञ्चिकाभ्याम्

कुञ्चिकाभ्यः

कुञ्चिकानाम्

कुञ्चिकायाम्

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀼𑀁𑀘𑀺𑀬𑀸 (kuṃciyā)

Gujarati: કૂંચી (kū̃cī)

Kachchi: કૂંજી (kū̃jī)

Marwari: कूंची (kūñcī)

desc

Odia: କଞ୍ଚି (kañci), କଞ୍ଚିକା (kañcikā), କୂଚିକା (kucikā), କୁଞ୍ଚିକା (kuñcikā)

Punjabi:

Shahmukhi script: کُن٘جِی (kuṉjī)

desctree

Gurmukhi script: ਕੁੰਜੀ (kuñjī)
→ Bengali: কুঞ্জি (kunji)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: कुंजी (kuñjī)
Urdu: کُن٘جی (kuñjī)
→ Malay: kunci
Indonesian: kunci
→ Iban: kunchi
→ Thai: กุญแจ (gun-jɛɛ) (semi-learned)
→ Pashto: کنجئِي (kunjay)
→ Maithili: कुंजि (kuñjɨ)
→ Marathi: कुंजी (kuñjī)
→ Nepali: कुंजि (kuñji)
→ Western Pahari: [Term?] (kõj̈i)

Saraiki: کُن٘جِی (kuṉjī)

Sindhi: ڪُنجيِ (kuñjī)

Kashmiri:

Devanagari script: कुंज़ (kuṃz)

Arabic script: کُنٛز (kunz)

Pali: kuñcikā

→ Iranian: *kunčit (possibly) (see there for further descendants)

→ Khmer: កុញ្ចែ (koñcae)

→ Lao: ກະແຈ (ka chǣ)

Of unclear origin. Perhaps from कुच् (kuc, “to bend, to draw together”), itself perhaps connected to Proto-Indo-European *kewk- (“to curve, bend”), whence German Höcker (“hump”).

inh

Trigonella foenum-graecum
Trigonella foenum-graecum#Translingual


मरु

marú (romanization)
मरुः (nominative singular)
मरू (dual nominative)
मरवः (nominative plural)
मरो (singular vocative)
मरू (dual vocative)
मरवः (plural vocative)
मरुम् (accusative singular)
मरू (accusative dual)
मरून् (accusative plural)
मरुणा (instrumental singular)
मर्वा1 (instrumental singular)
मरुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मरुभिः (instrumental plural)
मरवे (dative singular)
मर्वे1 (dative singular)
मरुभ्याम् (dative dual)
मरुभ्यः (dative plural)
मरोः (ablative singular)
मर्वः1 (ablative singular)
मरुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मरुभ्यः (ablative plural)
मरोः (genitive singular)
मर्वः1 (genitive singular)
मर्वोः (dual genitive)
मरूणाम् (genitive plural)
मरौ (locative singular)
मर्वोः (dual locative)
मरुषु (locative plural)

→ Old Javanese: maru

→ Tamil: மரு (maru)

→ Hindi: मरु (maru)


स्वश्व

sváśva (romanization)
स्वश्वः (nominative singular)
स्वश्वौ (dual nominative)
स्वश्वाः (nominative plural)
स्वश्व (singular vocative)
स्वश्वौ (dual vocative)
स्वश्वाः (plural vocative)
स्वश्वम् (accusative singular)
स्वश्वौ (accusative dual)
स्वश्वान् (accusative plural)
स्वश्वेन (instrumental singular)
स्वश्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्वश्वैः (instrumental plural)
स्वश्वाय (dative singular)
स्वश्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्वश्वेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्वश्वात् (ablative singular)
स्वश्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्वश्वेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्वश्वस्य (genitive singular)
स्वश्वयोः (dual genitive)
स्वश्वानाम् (genitive plural)
स्वश्वे (locative singular)
स्वश्वयोः (dual locative)
स्वश्वेषु (locative plural)
स्वश्वा (nominative singular)
स्वश्वे (dual nominative)
स्वश्वाः (nominative plural)
स्वश्वे (singular vocative)
स्वश्वे (dual vocative)
स्वश्वाः (plural vocative)
स्वश्वाम् (accusative singular)
स्वश्वे (accusative dual)
स्वश्वाः (accusative plural)
स्वश्वया (instrumental singular)
स्वश्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्वश्वाभिः (instrumental plural)
स्वश्वायै (dative singular)
स्वश्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्वश्वाभ्यः (dative plural)
स्वश्वायाः (ablative singular)
स्वश्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्वश्वाभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्वश्वायाः (genitive singular)
स्वश्वयोः (dual genitive)
स्वश्वानाम् (genitive plural)
स्वश्वायाम् (locative singular)
स्वश्वयोः (dual locative)
स्वश्वासु (locative plural)
स्वश्वम् (nominative singular)
स्वश्वे (dual nominative)
स्वश्वानि (nominative plural)
स्वश्व (singular vocative)
स्वश्वे (dual vocative)
स्वश्वानि (plural vocative)
स्वश्वम् (accusative singular)
स्वश्वे (accusative dual)
स्वश्वानि (accusative plural)
स्वश्वेन (instrumental singular)
स्वश्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्वश्वैः (instrumental plural)
स्वश्वाय (dative singular)
स्वश्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्वश्वेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्वश्वात् (ablative singular)
स्वश्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्वश्वेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्वश्वस्य (genitive singular)
स्वश्वयोः (dual genitive)
स्वश्वानाम् (genitive plural)
स्वश्वे (locative singular)
स्वश्वयोः (dual locative)
स्वश्वेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of स्वश्व

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ā-stem declension of स्वश्व

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">स्वश्व</i>

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

PIE word
 *h₁éḱwos
सु- (su-) + अश्व (áśva).

RV 5.57.2c
वाशीमन्त रष्टिमन्तो मनीषिणः सुधन्वान इषुमन्तो निषङगिणः |
सवश्वा सथ सुरथाः पर्श्निमातरः सवायुधा मरुतो याथना शुभम ||
vāśīmanta ṛṣṭimanto manīṣiṇaḥ sudhanvāna iṣumanto niṣaṅghiṇaḥ |
svaśvā stha surathāḥ pṛśnimātaraḥ svāyudhā maruto yāthanā śubham ||
Armed with your daggers, full of wisdom, armed with spears, armed with your quivers, armed with arrows, with good bows,
Good horses and good cars have ye, O Prsni's Sons: ye, Maruts, with good weapons go to victory.

having excellent horses, well mounted, well yoked


कलम

kalama (romanization)
कलमः (nominative singular)
कलमौ (dual nominative)
कलमा1 (dual nominative)
कलमाः (nominative plural)
कलमासः1 (nominative plural)
कलम (singular vocative)
कलमौ (dual vocative)
कलमा1 (dual vocative)
कलमाः (plural vocative)
कलमासः1 (plural vocative)
कलमम् (accusative singular)
कलमौ (accusative dual)
कलमा1 (accusative dual)
कलमान् (accusative plural)
कलमेन (instrumental singular)
कलमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कलमैः (instrumental plural)
कलमेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कलमाय (dative singular)
कलमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कलमेभ्यः (dative plural)
कलमात् (ablative singular)
कलमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कलमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कलमस्य (genitive singular)
कलमयोः (dual genitive)
कलमानाम् (genitive plural)
कलमे (locative singular)
कलमयोः (dual locative)
कलमेषु (locative plural)

According to the Uṇādi-sūtra, iv, p.84, from the root √kal (“to sound”).

a sort of rice (sown in May and June and ripening in December or January)


कलम

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos, “reed”).


मूषक

mūṣaka (romanization)
मूषकः (nominative singular)
मूषकौ (dual nominative)
मूषका1 (dual nominative)
मूषकाः (nominative plural)
मूषकासः1 (nominative plural)
मूषक (singular vocative)
मूषकौ (dual vocative)
मूषका1 (dual vocative)
मूषकाः (plural vocative)
मूषकासः1 (plural vocative)
मूषकम् (accusative singular)
मूषकौ (accusative dual)
मूषका1 (accusative dual)
मूषकान् (accusative plural)
मूषकेण (instrumental singular)
मूषकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मूषकैः (instrumental plural)
मूषकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मूषकाय (dative singular)
मूषकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मूषकेभ्यः (dative plural)
मूषकात् (ablative singular)
मूषकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मूषकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मूषकस्य (genitive singular)
मूषकयोः (dual genitive)
मूषकाणाम् (genitive plural)
मूषके (locative singular)
मूषकयोः (dual locative)
मूषकेषु (locative plural)

→ Telugu: మూషకము (mūṣakamu)

From मूष् (mūṣ, “to steal, rob, plunder", literally "mouse”) + -अक (-aka).


कुण्डलिनी

kuṇḍalinī (romanization)
कुण्डलिनी (nominative singular)
कुण्डलिन्यौ (dual nominative)
कुण्डलिन्यः (nominative plural)
कुण्डलिनि (singular vocative)
कुण्डलिन्यौ (dual vocative)
कुण्डलिन्यः (plural vocative)
कुण्डलिनीम् (accusative singular)
कुण्डलिन्यौ (accusative dual)
कुण्डलिनीः (accusative plural)
कुण्डलिन्या (instrumental singular)
कुण्डलिनीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कुण्डलिनीभिः (instrumental plural)
कुण्डलिन्यै (dative singular)
कुण्डलिनीभ्याम् (dative dual)
कुण्डलिनीभ्यः (dative plural)
कुण्डलिन्याः (ablative singular)
कुण्डलिनीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कुण्डलिनीभ्यः (ablative plural)
कुण्डलिन्याः (genitive singular)
कुण्डलिन्योः (dual genitive)
कुण्डलिनीनाम् (genitive plural)
कुण्डलिन्याम् (locative singular)
कुण्डलिन्योः (dual locative)
कुण्डलिनीषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ī-stem declension of कुण्डलिनी

कुण्डलिनीभ्याम्

कुण्डलिनीभिः

कुण्डलिनीभ्याम्

कुण्डलिनीभ्यः

कुण्डलिन्याः

कुण्डलिनीभ्याम्

कुण्डलिनीभ्यः

कुण्डलिन्याः

कुण्डलिन्योः

कुण्डलिनीनाम्

कुण्डलिन्याम्

कुण्डलिन्योः

sa-decl-noun/cell

कुण्डलिन्याः

कुण्डलिनीभ्याम्

कुण्डलिनीभिः

कुण्डलिनीभ्याम्

कुण्डलिनीभ्यः

कुण्डलिन्याः

कुण्डलिनीभ्याम्

कुण्डलिनीभ्यः

कुण्डलिन्याः

कुण्डलिन्योः

कुण्डलिनीनाम्

कुण्डलिन्याम्

कुण्डलिन्योः

(botany) Cocculus cordifolius ⇒ moonseed


आखु

ākhú (romanization)
आखुः (nominative singular)
आखू (dual nominative)
आखवः (nominative plural)
आखो (singular vocative)
आखू (dual vocative)
आखवः (plural vocative)
आखुम् (accusative singular)
आखू (accusative dual)
आखून् (accusative plural)
आखुना (instrumental singular)
आख्वा1 (instrumental singular)
आखुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आखुभिः (instrumental plural)
आखवे (dative singular)
आख्वे1 (dative singular)
आखुभ्याम् (dative dual)
आखुभ्यः (dative plural)
आखोः (ablative singular)
आख्वः1 (ablative singular)
आखुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आखुभ्यः (ablative plural)
आखोः (genitive singular)
आख्वः1 (genitive singular)
आख्वोः (dual genitive)
आखूनाम् (genitive plural)
आखौ (locative singular)
आख्वोः (dual locative)
आखुषु (locative plural)

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda


आखु

ākhu (romanization)
आखुः (nominative singular)
आखू (dual nominative)
आखवः (nominative plural)
आखो (singular vocative)
आखू (dual vocative)
आखवः (plural vocative)
आखुम् (accusative singular)
आखू (accusative dual)
आखूः (accusative plural)
आख्वा (instrumental singular)
आखुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आखुभिः (instrumental plural)
आखवे (dative singular)
आख्वै1 (dative singular)
आखुभ्याम् (dative dual)
आखुभ्यः (dative plural)
आखोः (ablative singular)
आख्वाः1 (ablative singular)
आख्वै2 (ablative singular)
आखुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आखुभ्यः (ablative plural)
आखोः (genitive singular)
आख्वाः1 (genitive singular)
आख्वै2 (genitive singular)
आख्वोः (dual genitive)
आखूनाम् (genitive plural)
आखौ (locative singular)
आख्वाम्1 (locative singular)
आख्वोः (dual locative)
आखुषु (locative plural)

→ Telugu: ఆఖువు (ākhuvu)

→ Tocharian B: ākhu


काल

kālá (romanization)
कालः (nominative singular)
कालौ (dual nominative)
काला1 (dual nominative)
कालाः (nominative plural)
कालासः1 (nominative plural)
काल (singular vocative)
कालौ (dual vocative)
काला1 (dual vocative)
कालाः (plural vocative)
कालासः1 (plural vocative)
कालम् (accusative singular)
कालौ (accusative dual)
काला1 (accusative dual)
कालान् (accusative plural)
कालेन (instrumental singular)
कालाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कालैः (instrumental plural)
कालेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कालाय (dative singular)
कालाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कालेभ्यः (dative plural)
कालात् (ablative singular)
कालाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कालेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कालस्य (genitive singular)
कालयोः (dual genitive)
कालानाम् (genitive plural)
काले (locative singular)
कालयोः (dual locative)
कालेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Dameli: kâl

Indus Kohistani: kāla, kalaĩ

Kalami: kāl

Kalasha: kau, kālūna

Kashmiri: کال (kāl), کالہٕ (kālụ)

Khowar: کل (kala)

Pashayi:

Northeast Pashayi: kōl

Northwest Pashayi: kāl

Shina: کال (kāl)

Shumashti: kāl

Tirahi: kāl

Torwali: کال (kāl)

Wotapuri-Katarqalai: kāl

→ Proto-Nuristani:

Ashkun: kal

⇒ Ashkun: awat-kāl

⇒ Kamkata-viri: awte-kāl

⇒ Prasuni: wūt-kal

Waigali: kāl

Pali: kāla

→ Khmer: កាល (kaal)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀓𑀮 (kala), 𑀓𑀸𑀮 (kāla)

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀮 (kāla) (see there for further descendants)

→ Javanese: ꦏꦭ / kala

→ Malay: kala

Indonesian: kala

→ Tamil: காலம் (kālam), கால் (kāl)

→ Malayalam: കാലം (kālaṁ)

Of uncertain origin.
Perhaps an l-form of कार (kāra, “action”), taking "decisive action" as the connotation.
Alternatively, derived from Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to move; to turn (around)”); compare Proto-Slavic *vermę̀ (“period of time”) for a parallel semantic development from an earlier "turn" meaning (albeit from a different root).
Hirt compares this to Gothic 𐍈𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰 (ƕeila, “a while”), while Güntert compares this to Ancient Greek καιρός (kairós, “measure, time, season”), and takes the l-consonant in काल (kāla) as a preservation of a dialectal form in order to distinguish from कार (kāra).
Probably not a vṛddhi derivative of the root कल् (kal, “to calculate or enumerate”).

cog

उ॒त प्र॒हाम॑ति॒दीव्या॑ जयाति कृ॒तं यच्छ्व॒घ्नी वि॑चि॒नोति॑ का॒ले।
यो दे॒वका॑मो॒ न धना॑ रुणद्धि॒ समित्तं रा॒या सृ॑जति स्व॒धावा॑न्॥
utá prahā́matidī́vyā jayāti kṛtáṃ yácchvaghnī́ vicinóti kālé.

Having driven away the assailant, he triumphs; at the time of battle he selects his antagonist as does a gambler. The man who, desirous of gratifying the gods, withholds not his riches, him the powerful Indra associates with wealth.

yó devákāmo ná dhánā ruṇaddhi sámíttáṃ rāyā́ sṛjati svadhā́vān.

the proper time or season for (+genitive, dative, locative, in compound, infinitive, or subjunctive with यद् (yad)

a period of time, time of the world (युग (yuga))

कालोऽस्मि लोकक्षयकृत्प्रवृद्धो लोकान्समाहर्तुमिह प्रवृत्तः।
ऋतेऽपि त्वां न भविष्यन्ति सर्वे येऽवस्थिताः प्रत्यनीकेषु योधाः
kāloʼsmi lokakṣayakṛtpravṛddho lokānsamāhartumiha pravṛttaḥ.

I am mighty time, the source of destruction that comes forth to annhilate the worlds.
Even without your participation, the warriors arrayed in the opposing army shall cease to exist.

ṛteʼpi tvāṃ na bhaviṣyanti sarve yeʼvasthitāḥ pratyanīkeṣu yodhāḥ

time (as destroying all things), death, time of death (often personified and represented with the attributes of Yama, regent of the dead, or even identified with him


रुधिर

rudhirá (romanization)
रुधिरः (nominative singular)
रुधिरौ (dual nominative)
रुधिरा1 (dual nominative)
रुधिराः (nominative plural)
रुधिरासः1 (nominative plural)
रुधिर (singular vocative)
रुधिरौ (dual vocative)
रुधिरा1 (dual vocative)
रुधिराः (plural vocative)
रुधिरासः1 (plural vocative)
रुधिरम् (accusative singular)
रुधिरौ (accusative dual)
रुधिरा1 (accusative dual)
रुधिरान् (accusative plural)
रुधिरेण (instrumental singular)
रुधिराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रुधिरैः (instrumental plural)
रुधिरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
रुधिराय (dative singular)
रुधिराभ्याम् (dative dual)
रुधिरेभ्यः (dative plural)
रुधिरात् (ablative singular)
रुधिराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रुधिरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रुधिरस्य (genitive singular)
रुधिरयोः (dual genitive)
रुधिराणाम् (genitive plural)
रुधिरे (locative singular)
रुधिरयोः (dual locative)
रुधिरेषु (locative plural)
रुधिरा (nominative singular)
रुधिरे (dual nominative)
रुधिराः (nominative plural)
रुधिरे (singular vocative)
रुधिरे (dual vocative)
रुधिराः (plural vocative)
रुधिराम् (accusative singular)
रुधिरे (accusative dual)
रुधिराः (accusative plural)
रुधिरया (instrumental singular)
रुधिरा1 (instrumental singular)
रुधिराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रुधिराभिः (instrumental plural)
रुधिरायै (dative singular)
रुधिराभ्याम् (dative dual)
रुधिराभ्यः (dative plural)
रुधिरायाः (ablative singular)
रुधिरायै2 (ablative singular)
रुधिराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रुधिराभ्यः (ablative plural)
रुधिरायाः (genitive singular)
रुधिरायै2 (genitive singular)
रुधिरयोः (dual genitive)
रुधिराणाम् (genitive plural)
रुधिरायाम् (locative singular)
रुधिरयोः (dual locative)
रुधिरासु (locative plural)
रुधिरम् (nominative singular)
रुधिरे (dual nominative)
रुधिराणि (nominative plural)
रुधिरा1 (nominative plural)
रुधिर (singular vocative)
रुधिरे (dual vocative)
रुधिराणि (plural vocative)
रुधिरा1 (plural vocative)
रुधिरम् (accusative singular)
रुधिरे (accusative dual)
रुधिराणि (accusative plural)
रुधिरा1 (accusative plural)
रुधिरेण (instrumental singular)
रुधिराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रुधिरैः (instrumental plural)
रुधिरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
रुधिराय (dative singular)
रुधिराभ्याम् (dative dual)
रुधिरेभ्यः (dative plural)
रुधिरात् (ablative singular)
रुधिराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रुधिरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रुधिरस्य (genitive singular)
रुधिरयोः (dual genitive)
रुधिराणाम् (genitive plural)
रुधिरे (locative singular)
रुधिरयोः (dual locative)
रुधिरेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hrudʰrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrudʰrás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰrós (“red”), from *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬙𐬀- (raoⁱδita-), Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós) Latin ruber, Tocharian A rtär, Tocharian B ratre, Old Church Slavonic рудъ (rudŭ), Lithuanian raúdas, Old English rēad (whence English red).
The epenthesis of -i- from expected *rudhrá is due to influence by रुधिक्रा (rudhikrā́).


घूक

ghūka (romanization)
घूकः (nominative singular)
घूकौ (dual nominative)
घूकाः (nominative plural)
घूक (singular vocative)
घूकौ (dual vocative)
घूकाः (plural vocative)
घूकम् (accusative singular)
घूकौ (accusative dual)
घूकान् (accusative plural)
घूकेन (instrumental singular)
घूकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
घूकैः (instrumental plural)
घूकाय (dative singular)
घूकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
घूकेभ्यः (dative plural)
घूकात् (ablative singular)
घूकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
घूकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
घूकस्य (genitive singular)
घूकयोः (dual genitive)
घूकानाम् (genitive plural)
घूके (locative singular)
घूकयोः (dual locative)
घूकेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of घूक

Prakrit: 𑀖𑀽𑀅 (ghūa)

⇒ Prakrit: *𑀖𑀽𑀅-𑀟 (*ghūa-ḍa)

Gujarati: ઘુવડ (ghuvaḍ)

Marathi: घुबड (ghubaḍ)

→ Gujarati: ઘૂક (ghūk) (learned)

→ Hindi: घूक (ghūk) (learned)

→ Kannada: ಘೂಕ (ghūka) (learned)

→ Marwari: (learned)

Devanagari script: घूक (ghūk)

Mahajani script: 𑅘𑅒𑅕 (ghuk)

→ Odia: ଘୂକ (ghuka) (learned)

→ Telugu: ఘూకము (ghūkamu) (learned)

Borrowed from a Dravidian language; compare Tamil கூகை (kūkai), Telugu గూబ (gūba), Kannada ಗೂಬೆ (gūbe).


रक्त

rakta (romanization)
रक्तम् (nominative singular)
रक्ते (dual nominative)
रक्तानि (nominative plural)
रक्ता1 (nominative plural)
रक्त (singular vocative)
रक्ते (dual vocative)
रक्तानि (plural vocative)
रक्ता1 (plural vocative)
रक्तम् (accusative singular)
रक्ते (accusative dual)
रक्तानि (accusative plural)
रक्ता1 (accusative plural)
रक्तेन (instrumental singular)
रक्ताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रक्तैः (instrumental plural)
रक्तेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
रक्ताय (dative singular)
रक्ताभ्याम् (dative dual)
रक्तेभ्यः (dative plural)
रक्तात् (ablative singular)
रक्ताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रक्तेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रक्तस्य (genitive singular)
रक्तयोः (dual genitive)
रक्तानाम् (genitive plural)
रक्ते (locative singular)
रक्तयोः (dual locative)
रक्तेषु (locative plural)

From the root verb रञ्ज् (rañj, “to redden”), from Proto-Indo-European *reg- (“to dye”). Cognate with Persian رخش (raxš), Sogdian [script needed] (rɣš- /raxš/, “Rakhsh”), Khwarezmian rxtk (raxtak, “red”), Mazanderani رش (raš, “red (of cattle)”), Northern Kurdish reş (“black”).


श्वान

sa-noun

श्वान • (śvāna) stem, m (feminine श्वानी)

śvāna (romanization)
श्वानी (feminine)
श्वानः (nominative singular)
श्वानौ (dual nominative)
श्वाना1 (dual nominative)
श्वानाः (nominative plural)
श्वानासः1 (nominative plural)
श्वान (singular vocative)
श्वानौ (dual vocative)
श्वाना1 (dual vocative)
श्वानाः (plural vocative)
श्वानासः1 (plural vocative)
श्वानम् (accusative singular)
श्वानौ (accusative dual)
श्वाना1 (accusative dual)
श्वानान् (accusative plural)
श्वानेन (instrumental singular)
श्वानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्वानैः (instrumental plural)
श्वानेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
श्वानाय (dative singular)
श्वानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्वानेभ्यः (dative plural)
श्वानात् (ablative singular)
श्वानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्वानेभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्वानस्य (genitive singular)
श्वानयोः (dual genitive)
श्वानानाम् (genitive plural)
श्वाने (locative singular)
श्वानयोः (dual locative)
श्वानेषु (locative plural)

desctree

Old Javanese: śwāna, śona
> Javanese: ꦱꦺꦴꦤ (sona) (inherited)

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀡 (sāṇa)

Tamil: சுவானம் (cuvāṉam)

Vṛddhi derivative of श्वन् (śván); see there for more.


श्वान

śvāna (romanization)
श्वानः (nominative singular)
श्वानौ (dual nominative)
श्वाना1 (dual nominative)
श्वानाः (nominative plural)
श्वानासः1 (nominative plural)
श्वान (singular vocative)
श्वानौ (dual vocative)
श्वाना1 (dual vocative)
श्वानाः (plural vocative)
श्वानासः1 (plural vocative)
श्वानम् (accusative singular)
श्वानौ (accusative dual)
श्वाना1 (accusative dual)
श्वानान् (accusative plural)
श्वानेन (instrumental singular)
श्वानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्वानैः (instrumental plural)
श्वानेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
श्वानाय (dative singular)
श्वानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्वानेभ्यः (dative plural)
श्वानात् (ablative singular)
श्वानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्वानेभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्वानस्य (genitive singular)
श्वानयोः (dual genitive)
श्वानानाम् (genitive plural)
श्वाने (locative singular)
श्वानयोः (dual locative)
श्वानेषु (locative plural)
श्वानी (nominative singular)
श्वान्यौ (dual nominative)
श्वानी1 (dual nominative)
श्वान्यः (nominative plural)
श्वानीः1 (nominative plural)
श्वानि (singular vocative)
श्वान्यौ (dual vocative)
श्वानी1 (dual vocative)
श्वान्यः (plural vocative)
श्वानीः1 (plural vocative)
श्वानीम् (accusative singular)
श्वान्यौ (accusative dual)
श्वानी1 (accusative dual)
श्वानीः (accusative plural)
श्वान्या (instrumental singular)
श्वानीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्वानीभिः (instrumental plural)
श्वान्यै (dative singular)
श्वानीभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्वानीभ्यः (dative plural)
श्वान्याः (ablative singular)
श्वान्यै2 (ablative singular)
श्वानीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्वानीभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्वान्याः (genitive singular)
श्वान्यै2 (genitive singular)
श्वान्योः (dual genitive)
श्वानीनाम् (genitive plural)
श्वान्याम् (locative singular)
श्वान्योः (dual locative)
श्वानीषु (locative plural)
श्वानम् (nominative singular)
श्वाने (dual nominative)
श्वानानि (nominative plural)
श्वाना1 (nominative plural)
श्वान (singular vocative)
श्वाने (dual vocative)
श्वानानि (plural vocative)
श्वाना1 (plural vocative)
श्वानम् (accusative singular)
श्वाने (accusative dual)
श्वानानि (accusative plural)
श्वाना1 (accusative plural)
श्वानेन (instrumental singular)
श्वानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्वानैः (instrumental plural)
श्वानेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
श्वानाय (dative singular)
श्वानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्वानेभ्यः (dative plural)
श्वानात् (ablative singular)
श्वानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्वानेभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्वानस्य (genitive singular)
श्वानयोः (dual genitive)
श्वानानाम् (genitive plural)
श्वाने (locative singular)
श्वानयोः (dual locative)
श्वानेषु (locative plural)


व्याघ्र

vyāghrá (romanization)
व्याघ्रः (nominative singular)
व्याघ्रौ (dual nominative)
व्याघ्रा1 (dual nominative)
व्याघ्राः (nominative plural)
व्याघ्रासः1 (nominative plural)
व्याघ्र (singular vocative)
व्याघ्रौ (dual vocative)
व्याघ्रा1 (dual vocative)
व्याघ्राः (plural vocative)
व्याघ्रासः1 (plural vocative)
व्याघ्रम् (accusative singular)
व्याघ्रौ (accusative dual)
व्याघ्रा1 (accusative dual)
व्याघ्रान् (accusative plural)
व्याघ्रेण (instrumental singular)
व्याघ्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
व्याघ्रैः (instrumental plural)
व्याघ्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
व्याघ्राय (dative singular)
व्याघ्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
व्याघ्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
व्याघ्रात् (ablative singular)
व्याघ्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
व्याघ्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
व्याघ्रस्य (genitive singular)
व्याघ्रयोः (dual genitive)
व्याघ्राणाम् (genitive plural)
व्याघ्रे (locative singular)
व्याघ्रयोः (dual locative)
व्याघ्रेषु (locative plural)

Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme

Dardic:

Shina: بگ (băg)

Pali: byaggha, vyaggha

Prakrit: 𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖 (vaggha)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖 (vaggha)
Gujarati: વાઘ (vāgh)
Hindustani: bāgh
Hindi: बाघ
Urdu: باگھ
Saurashtra: ꢮꢵꢔ꣄ (vāg)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖 (vaggha)

Awadhi: बाघ (bāgh)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit: *𑀩𑀸𑀕𑁆𑀖 (*bāggha)

Assamese: বাঘ (bagh)

Bengali: বাঘ (bagh)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: bāgh

Devanagari script: बाघ

Kaithi script: 𑂥𑂰𑂐

Maithili: बाघ (bāgh)

Bishnupriya Manipuri: বাঘ

Odia: ବାଘ (bāgha)

Rohingya: bag

Sylheti: ꠛꠣꠊ (bagó)

Tanchangya: 𑄝𑄊𑄴 (bagh)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Garhwali: बाग (bāg)

Kumaoni: बाग (bāg)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: बाघ (bāgh), बाग (bāg)

Western Pahari:

desc

Bhadrawahi: ढ्ळाह्ग (ḍhḷāhg), ढ्ळाग (ḍhḷāg)

Churahi: ब्राह्ग (brāhg)

Kangri: बराघ (barāgh)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: bāgh

Gurmukhi script: ਬਾਘ

Shahmukhi script: باگھ

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: vāghu

Arabic script: وَاگهُ

Devanagari script: वाघु

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ވަގު (vagu)

Sinhalese: වග (waga)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖 (vaggha)

Konkani: vāgu

Devanagari script: वागु

Latin script: vagu

Kannada script: ವಾಗು

Marathi: वाघ (vāgh)

→ Old Armenian: վագր (vagr) (perhaps via an Iranian borrowing)

→ Old Georgian: ვიგრი (vigri) (perhaps via an Iranian borrowing)

→ Malayalam: വ്യാഘ്രം (vyāghraṁ)

→ Telugu: వ్యాఘ్రము (vyāghramu)

→? English: Viagra

/ʋjɑːɡʱ.ɾɐ́/

/ˈʋjɑːɡʱ.ɾɐ/

Unknown; perhaps from Proto-Indo-Aryan *wiHaHagʰrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wiHaHagʰrás, from Proto-Indo-European *wih₁-h₂oh₂ogʰró-s, from *weyh₁- (“to chase, pursue”) + *h₂o-h₂o-gʰr-ó-s, from *gʰer- (“yellow, orange”). Possible cognate with Ancient Greek ὠχρός (ōkhrós, “ochre, pale”).

cog

a red variety of the castor-oil plant (L.)


वर

sa-adj

वर • (vára) stem (comparative वरीयस्, superlative वरिष्ठ)

vára (romanization)
वरीयस् (comparative)
वरिष्ठ (superlative)
वरः (nominative singular)
वरौ (dual nominative)
वरा1 (dual nominative)
वराः (nominative plural)
वरासः1 (nominative plural)
वर (singular vocative)
वरौ (dual vocative)
वरा1 (dual vocative)
वराः (plural vocative)
वरासः1 (plural vocative)
वरम् (accusative singular)
वरौ (accusative dual)
वरा1 (accusative dual)
वरान् (accusative plural)
वरेण (instrumental singular)
वराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वरैः (instrumental plural)
वरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वराय (dative singular)
वराभ्याम् (dative dual)
वरेभ्यः (dative plural)
वरात् (ablative singular)
वराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वरस्य (genitive singular)
वरयोः (dual genitive)
वराणाम् (genitive plural)
वरे (locative singular)
वरयोः (dual locative)
वरेषु (locative plural)
वरा (nominative singular)
वरे (dual nominative)
वराः (nominative plural)
वरे (singular vocative)
वरे (dual vocative)
वराः (plural vocative)
वराम् (accusative singular)
वरे (accusative dual)
वराः (accusative plural)
वरया (instrumental singular)
वरा1 (instrumental singular)
वराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वराभिः (instrumental plural)
वरायै (dative singular)
वराभ्याम् (dative dual)
वराभ्यः (dative plural)
वरायाः (ablative singular)
वरायै2 (ablative singular)
वराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वराभ्यः (ablative plural)
वरायाः (genitive singular)
वरायै2 (genitive singular)
वरयोः (dual genitive)
वराणाम् (genitive plural)
वरायाम् (locative singular)
वरयोः (dual locative)
वरासु (locative plural)
वरम् (nominative singular)
वरे (dual nominative)
वराणि (nominative plural)
वरा1 (nominative plural)
वर (singular vocative)
वरे (dual vocative)
वराणि (plural vocative)
वरा1 (plural vocative)
वरम् (accusative singular)
वरे (accusative dual)
वराणि (accusative plural)
वरा1 (accusative plural)
वरेण (instrumental singular)
वराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वरैः (instrumental plural)
वरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वराय (dative singular)
वराभ्याम् (dative dual)
वरेभ्यः (dative plural)
वरात् (ablative singular)
वराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वरस्य (genitive singular)
वरयोः (dual genitive)
वराणाम् (genitive plural)
वरे (locative singular)
वरयोः (dual locative)
वरेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *warás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *warás, from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁os (“chosen, wanted (person or thing)”). The Sanskrit root is वृ (√vṛ, “to choose”). The adjective (in the sense of "high quality") and noun (in the sense of "gift") developed from the notion of "select", "chosen".


भण्डाकी

sa-noun

भण्डाकी • (bhaṇḍākī) stem, f

bhaṇḍākī (romanization)
भण्डाकी (nominative singular)
भण्डाक्यौ (dual nominative)
भण्डाकी1 (dual nominative)
भण्डाक्यः (nominative plural)
भण्डाकीः1 (nominative plural)
भण्डाकि (singular vocative)
भण्डाक्यौ (dual vocative)
भण्डाकी1 (dual vocative)
भण्डाक्यः (plural vocative)
भण्डाकीः1 (plural vocative)
भण्डाकीम् (accusative singular)
भण्डाक्यौ (accusative dual)
भण्डाकी1 (accusative dual)
भण्डाकीः (accusative plural)
भण्डाक्या (instrumental singular)
भण्डाकीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भण्डाकीभिः (instrumental plural)
भण्डाक्यै (dative singular)
भण्डाकीभ्याम् (dative dual)
भण्डाकीभ्यः (dative plural)
भण्डाक्याः (ablative singular)
भण्डाक्यै2 (ablative singular)
भण्डाकीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भण्डाकीभ्यः (ablative plural)
भण्डाक्याः (genitive singular)
भण्डाक्यै2 (genitive singular)
भण्डाक्योः (dual genitive)
भण्डाकीनाम् (genitive plural)
भण्डाक्याम् (locative singular)
भण्डाक्योः (dual locative)
भण्डाकीषु (locative plural)

/bʱɐɳ.ɖɑː.kiː/

/bʱɐɳˈɖɑː.kiː/

Solanum melongena
Solanum melongena#Translingual


वज्र

vájra (romanization)
वज्रम् (nominative singular)
वज्रे (dual nominative)
वज्राणि (nominative plural)
वज्रा1 (nominative plural)
वज्र (singular vocative)
वज्रे (dual vocative)
वज्राणि (plural vocative)
वज्रा1 (plural vocative)
वज्रम् (accusative singular)
वज्रे (accusative dual)
वज्राणि (accusative plural)
वज्रा1 (accusative plural)
वज्रेण (instrumental singular)
वज्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वज्रैः (instrumental plural)
वज्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वज्राय (dative singular)
वज्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
वज्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
वज्रात् (ablative singular)
वज्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वज्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वज्रस्य (genitive singular)
वज्रयोः (dual genitive)
वज्राणाम् (genitive plural)
वज्रे (locative singular)
वज्रयोः (dual locative)
वज्रेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *wáȷ́ras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wáȷ́ras, from Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“strong, lively”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬰𐬭𐬀 (vazra, “mace; main weapon of Mithra”), Persian گرز (gorz, “club, mace”). Compare also Old Armenian վարզ (varz, “mace”), an Iranian borrowing.

cog

वाक्यवज्र वाक्यवज्र#Sanskrit

वाग्वज्र वाग्वज्र#Sanskrit

denunciation in strong language (compared to thunder) (R., Sāh., Pratāp.) (compare वाक्यवज्र (vākya-vajra) and वाग्वज्र (vāg-vajra))


केतक

ketaka (romanization)
केतकः (nominative singular)
केतकौ (dual nominative)
केतकाः (nominative plural)
केतक (singular vocative)
केतकौ (dual vocative)
केतकाः (plural vocative)
केतकम् (accusative singular)
केतकौ (accusative dual)
केतकान् (accusative plural)
केतकेन (instrumental singular)
केतकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
केतकैः (instrumental plural)
केतकाय (dative singular)
केतकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
केतकेभ्यः (dative plural)
केतकात् (ablative singular)
केतकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
केतकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
केतकस्य (genitive singular)
केतकयोः (dual genitive)
केतकानाम् (genitive plural)
केतके (locative singular)
केतकयोः (dual locative)
केतकेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of केतक

Pali: ketaka, ketakī f

Prakrit: 𑀓𑁂𑀅𑀕 (keaga), 𑀓𑁂𑀅𑀬 (keaya), 𑀓𑁂𑀅𑀕𑀻 f (keagī)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ކަށިކެޔޮ (kaṣikeyo)

Sinhalese: කේ (kē)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Bengali: কেয়া (keẏa)

Odia: କିଆ (kiā)

desc

→? Middle Persian: [script needed] (gytyk /gēdīg/)

desctree

Persian: گیدی (gidi)
→ Arabic: كَاذِيّ (kāḏiyy)
→ Ottoman Turkish: كاذی (kazi)

tooltip

reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes

q

with Middle Indo-Aryan <i class="Brah mention" lang="inc-ash">-𑀟-</i> (-ḍa-)

⇒ Prakrit: 𑀓𑁂𑀅𑀬𑁆𑀟 (keayḍa) (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀟- (-ḍa-))

Magadhi Prakrit:

Bengali: কেওড়া (keōṛa)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Marathi: केवडा (kevḍā)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi:

Arabic script: ڪيلو (also < कदल (kadala)), ڪيوِڙو (“banana, plantain”)

Devanagari script: केलो (also < कदल (kadala)), केविड़ो (“banana, plantain”)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gurjara Apabhramsa:

Gujarati: કેવડો (kevḍo)

Sauraseni Apabhramsa:

Hindustani: kevṛā

desc

Hindi: केवड़ा

Hindi: केवड़ा

Urdu: کیوڑا (kyoṛā), کیوڑہ (kyoṛh)

→ Bengali: কেতকী (ketoki)

→ Gujarati: કેતક (ketak), કેતકી f (ketkī)

→ Kannada: ಕೇದಗೆ (kēdage)

→ Hindustani: ketkī f

Hindi: केतकी

Urdu: کیتْکِی (ketkī)

→ Malayalam: കേതകി (kētaki)

→ Marathi: केतकी (ketkī) f

→ Odia: କେତକୀ (ketaki)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: ڪيتڪي

→ Tamil: கேதகை (kētakai); கைதை (kaitai)

→ Telugu: కేతకి (kētaki)

→ Tulu: ಕೇತಗೆ (kētage), ಕೇದಗೆ (kēdage), ಕೇದಯಿ (kēdayi), ಕೇದಿಗೆ (kēdige)

8th c., Bhavabhuti, Uttararāmacarita (Rama's Last Act), Prelude to act III:
किसलयमिव मुग्धं बन्धनाद्विप्रलूनम् । हृदय कुसुम शोषी दारुणो दीर्घ शोकः
ग्लपयति परिपाण्डु क्षाममस्याः शरीरं । शरदि ज इव धर्मः केतकी गर्भ पत्रं ॥
kisalayam iva mugdhaṃ bandhanād vipralūnam / ḥrdaya kusuma śoṣī dāruṇo dīrgha śokaḥ
glapayati paripāṇḍu kṣāmam asyāḥ śarīraṃ / śaradi ja iva dharmaḥ ketakī garbha patram.
Like a tender bud sheared off from its stem / her pallid and haggard body has been withered
by long hard grief parching her heart’s flower / like autumn heat a leaf in a ketaki bud.

screw pine (Pandanus fascicularis or odoratissimus) (MBh., R., Megh. etc.)


यव

yáva (romanization)
यवः (nominative singular)
यवौ (dual nominative)
यवा1 (dual nominative)
यवाः (nominative plural)
यवासः1 (nominative plural)
यव (singular vocative)
यवौ (dual vocative)
यवा1 (dual vocative)
यवाः (plural vocative)
यवासः1 (plural vocative)
यवम् (accusative singular)
यवौ (accusative dual)
यवा1 (accusative dual)
यवान् (accusative plural)
यवेन (instrumental singular)
यवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यवैः (instrumental plural)
यवेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
यवाय (dative singular)
यवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
यवेभ्यः (dative plural)
यवात् (ablative singular)
यवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यवेभ्यः (ablative plural)
यवस्य (genitive singular)
यवयोः (dual genitive)
यवानाम् (genitive plural)
यवे (locative singular)
यवयोः (dual locative)
यवेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Dameli: [script needed] (žō)

Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (žō)

Grangali: [script needed] (zō)

Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (yåw)

Kalami: [script needed] (yō)

Kalasha: ژو (žō)

Khowar: [script needed] (žō)

Kohistani Shina: [script needed] (yō)

Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (yō)

Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (žā)

Phalura: [script needed] (yū)

Savi: [script needed] (yū)

Shina: यो (yō)

Shumashti: [script needed] (zo)

Southeast Pashayi: [script needed] (yā)

Tirahi: [script needed] (zau)

Torwali: [script needed] (yōu)

Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (zō)

Pali: yava

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀚𑀯 (java)
Helu Prakrit:
Sinhalese: යව (yawa)
Khasa Prakrit:
Garhwali: जो (jo)
Kumaoni: जौ (jau)
Nepali: जौ (jau)
Magadhi Prakrit:
Bengali: যব (jbo)
Bihari: जौ (jau)
Maithili: जौ (jau)
Odia: ଯଅ (jaa)
Maharastri Prakrit:
Old Marathi: jau
Devanagari script: जउ (jaü)
Modi script: 𑘕𑘄 (jau)
Marathi: जव (jav)
Paisaci Prakrit:
Takka Apabhramsa:
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਜੌਂ (jaũ)
Shahmukhi script: جوں (joṉ)
Lahnda: ਜੋ (jo)
Sauraseni Prakrit:
Gurjara Apabhramsa:
Gujarati: જવ (jav)
Sauraseni Apabhramsa:
Hindustani: jau
Hindi: जौ
Urdu: جَو (jau)
Romani: džov

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *yáwas (“barley, cereal”), from Proto-Indo-European *yéwos (“barley, cereal”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (yauua), Ancient Greek ζειά (zeiá), Old Irish eórna (whence Irish eorna (“barley”)), Lithuanian javaĩ, Persian جو (jow).

inh

name for island of Java, whence perhaps came the English "Java"

a unit of measurement of weight or length


न्यग्रोध

nyagródha (romanization)
न्यग्रोधः (nominative singular)
न्यग्रोधौ (dual nominative)
न्यग्रोधा1 (dual nominative)
न्यग्रोधाः (nominative plural)
न्यग्रोधासः1 (nominative plural)
न्यग्रोध (singular vocative)
न्यग्रोधौ (dual vocative)
न्यग्रोधा1 (dual vocative)
न्यग्रोधाः (plural vocative)
न्यग्रोधासः1 (plural vocative)
न्यग्रोधम् (accusative singular)
न्यग्रोधौ (accusative dual)
न्यग्रोधा1 (accusative dual)
न्यग्रोधान् (accusative plural)
न्यग्रोधेन (instrumental singular)
न्यग्रोधाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
न्यग्रोधैः (instrumental plural)
न्यग्रोधेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
न्यग्रोधाय (dative singular)
न्यग्रोधाभ्याम् (dative dual)
न्यग्रोधेभ्यः (dative plural)
न्यग्रोधात् (ablative singular)
न्यग्रोधाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
न्यग्रोधेभ्यः (ablative plural)
न्यग्रोधस्य (genitive singular)
न्यग्रोधयोः (dual genitive)
न्यग्रोधानाम् (genitive plural)
न्यग्रोधे (locative singular)
न्यग्रोधयोः (dual locative)
न्यग्रोधेषु (locative plural)

→ Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀡𑀕𑁆𑀕𑁄𑀳 (ṇaggoha)

→ Kannada: ನ್ಯಗ್ರೋಧ (nyagrōdha)

→ Malayalam: ന്യഗ്രോധ (nyagrōdha)

→ Pali: nigrodha

→ Tamil: இயக்குரோதம் (iyakkurōtam)

→ Telugu: న్యాగ్రోధ (nyāgrōdha)

[j̃jɐɡ.ɾɐ́w.dʱɐ]

/n̪jɐɡˈɾoː.d̪ʱɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *HniHagHráwdʰas, from *Hni (“down”) + *Hać-, zero grade of *Hanć- (“to bend, incline”) + *Hráwdʰas (“growing, growth”), from Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)ni + *h₂enk- + *h₁lewdʰ- respectively. Literally, "growing downwards", referring to the tree's propagating roots which grow downwards as aerial roots and grow into woody trunks upon reaching the ground.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda

Ficus benghalensis
Ficus benghalensis#Translingual

banyan, Ficus benghalensis, formerly Ficus indica

(only in lexicographers' lists) Prosopis cineraria

(only in lexicographers' lists) Senegalia polyacantha, formerly Acacia polyacantha, white thorn


अश्वत्थ

aśvatthá (romanization)
अश्वत्थः (nominative singular)
अश्वत्थौ (dual nominative)
अश्वत्था1 (dual nominative)
अश्वत्थाः (nominative plural)
अश्वत्थासः1 (nominative plural)
अश्वत्थ (singular vocative)
अश्वत्थौ (dual vocative)
अश्वत्था1 (dual vocative)
अश्वत्थाः (plural vocative)
अश्वत्थासः1 (plural vocative)
अश्वत्थम् (accusative singular)
अश्वत्थौ (accusative dual)
अश्वत्था1 (accusative dual)
अश्वत्थान् (accusative plural)
अश्वत्थेन (instrumental singular)
अश्वत्थाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अश्वत्थैः (instrumental plural)
अश्वत्थेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अश्वत्थाय (dative singular)
अश्वत्थाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अश्वत्थेभ्यः (dative plural)
अश्वत्थात् (ablative singular)
अश्वत्थाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अश्वत्थेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अश्वत्थस्य (genitive singular)
अश्वत्थयोः (dual genitive)
अश्वत्थानाम् (genitive plural)
अश्वत्थे (locative singular)
अश्वत्थयोः (dual locative)
अश्वत्थेषु (locative plural)

desc

Prakrit: 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀣 (assattha), 𑀆𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀣 (āsattha), 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀣 (assŏttha), 𑀅𑀁𑀲𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀣 (aṃsŏttha), 𑀆𑀲𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀣 (āsŏttha)

Assamese: আঁহত (ãhot)

Pali: assattha

⇒ Bengali: অশোত (ośōt), আশোত (aśōt)

→ Bengali: অশ্বত্থ (ośśottho) (learned)

→ Sinhalese: අශ්වත්ථ (aśwattha) (learned)

/ɐɕ.ʋɐt.tʰɐ́/

[ɐɕ.ʋɐt̚.tʰɐ́]

/ɐɕˈʋɐt̪.t̪ʰɐ/

[ɐɕˈʋɐt̪̚.t̪ʰɐ]

Uncertain. The plausible etymologies proposed in the literature are:
* Per Turner, from a substrate term that has been Sanskritised + -त्थ (-ttha, “wood”), a suffix also found in कपित्थ (kapittha, “bael tree”), डित्थ (ḍittha, “wooden elephant”), and डवित्थ (ḍavittha, “wooden antelope”). In this case, the first element is probably not अश्व (aśva, “horse”).
* Per Mayrhofer, compare Proto-Iranian *HacwaHastiš (“alfalfa, lucerne”, literally “horse food”). If truly cognate, the Sanskrit term must have originally been *अश्व-द्-थ (aśva-d-tha), but it is not easy to reconcile the suffix with expected Proto-Indo-European *h₁éd-t-is (“food”), nor is the ashvattha tree typically used as horse food. The expected cognate of the Iranic term would be *अश्वत्ति (aśvatti).
Mayrhofer lists some other attempted Indo-European etymologies, none of which are convincing:
* Per Adalbert Kuhn and quoted by Uhlenbeck, a Prakritism from अश्व (aśva, “horse”) + स्थ (stha, “stand”). This etymology arises from a story in the Brāhmaṇas about the tree being a receptacle for the horse-form of the god अग्नि (agni), and thus probably a post-hoc explanation.
* Per Fay, a compound from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ékʷeh₂ (“water”) + *dh₃tós (“given”).
* Per Lassen, a Prakritism from अ- (a-) + स्वस्थ (svastha), i.e. "not self-dependent", referring to the continual shivering of its leaves. Emeneau supports this etymology but rather in reference to the tree's epiphytism; he later withdrew his support and instead favoured a substrate borrowing.
Compare also the given name अश्वत्थाम (aśvatthāma).

com

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda

c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa

Ficus religiosa
Ficus religiosa#Translingual

ashvattha, sacred fig (a tree of species Ficus religiosa)


कपि

kapi (romanization)
कपिः (nominative singular)
कपी (dual nominative)
कपयः (nominative plural)
कपे (singular vocative)
कपी (dual vocative)
कपयः (plural vocative)
कपिम् (accusative singular)
कपी (accusative dual)
कपीन् (accusative plural)
कपिना (instrumental singular)
कप्या1 (instrumental singular)
कपिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कपिभिः (instrumental plural)
कपये (dative singular)
कपिभ्याम् (dative dual)
कपिभ्यः (dative plural)
कपेः (ablative singular)
कप्यः1 (ablative singular)
कपिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कपिभ्यः (ablative plural)
कपेः (genitive singular)
कप्यः1 (genitive singular)
कप्योः (dual genitive)
कपीनाम् (genitive plural)
कपौ (locative singular)
कपा1 (locative singular)
कप्योः (dual locative)
कपिषु (locative plural)

Pali: kapi

A foreign Wanderwort, likely borrowed from a western substrate. The same Wanderwort may be reflected in Hebrew קוֹף (qōf), Akkadian uqūpu, Egyptian gfj, Middle Persian [script needed] (kpyk' /kabīg/), Ancient Greek κῆπος (kêpos, “long-tailed monkey”), and Proto-Germanic *apô (“ape, monkey”).


मयूरी

mayūrī́ (romanization)
mayūra (romanization)
मयूरी (nominative singular)
मयूर्यौ (dual nominative)
मयूरी1 (dual nominative)
मयूर्यः (nominative plural)
मयूरीः1 (nominative plural)
मयूरि (singular vocative)
मयूर्यौ (dual vocative)
मयूरी1 (dual vocative)
मयूर्यः (plural vocative)
मयूरीः1 (plural vocative)
मयूरीम् (accusative singular)
मयूर्यौ (accusative dual)
मयूरी1 (accusative dual)
मयूरीः (accusative plural)
मयूर्या (instrumental singular)
मयूरीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मयूरीभिः (instrumental plural)
मयूर्यै (dative singular)
मयूरीभ्याम् (dative dual)
मयूरीभ्यः (dative plural)
मयूर्याः (ablative singular)
मयूर्यै2 (ablative singular)
मयूरीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मयूरीभ्यः (ablative plural)
मयूर्याः (genitive singular)
मयूर्यै2 (genitive singular)
मयूर्योः (dual genitive)
मयूरीणाम् (genitive plural)
मयूर्याम् (locative singular)
मयूर्योः (dual locative)
मयूरीषु (locative plural)

→ Assamese: ময়ূৰী (moyuri)

→ Khmer: មយូរី (mĕəʼyuurii)

desc

→ Thai: มยุรี

→ Thai: มยุรี


वराह

varāhá (romanization)
वराहः (nominative singular)
वराहौ (dual nominative)
वराहा1 (dual nominative)
वराहाः (nominative plural)
वराहासः1 (nominative plural)
वराह (singular vocative)
वराहौ (dual vocative)
वराहा1 (dual vocative)
वराहाः (plural vocative)
वराहासः1 (plural vocative)
वराहम् (accusative singular)
वराहौ (accusative dual)
वराहा1 (accusative dual)
वराहान् (accusative plural)
वराहेण (instrumental singular)
वराहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वराहैः (instrumental plural)
वराहेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वराहाय (dative singular)
वराहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वराहेभ्यः (dative plural)
वराहात् (ablative singular)
वराहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वराहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वराहस्य (genitive singular)
वराहयोः (dual genitive)
वराहाणाम् (genitive plural)
वराहे (locative singular)
वराहयोः (dual locative)
वराहेषु (locative plural)

Assamese: বৰা (bora)

Hindi: बढ़ेला (baṛhelā)

Pali: varāha

desctree

→ Old Javanese: warāha
> Javanese: ꦮꦫꦲ (waraha) (inherited)

→ Telugu: వరాహము (varāhamu)

/ʋɐ.ɾɑː.ɦɐ́/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *warāȷ́ʰás (“boar”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬁𐬰𐬀 (varāza), Northern Kurdish beraz.


चक्रवाक

the चक्र bird (Anas casarca; the couples are supposed to be separated and to mourn during night)


महिष

mahiṣá (romanization)
महिषः (nominative singular)
महिषौ (dual nominative)
महिषा1 (dual nominative)
महिषाः (nominative plural)
महिषासः1 (nominative plural)
महिष (singular vocative)
महिषौ (dual vocative)
महिषा1 (dual vocative)
महिषाः (plural vocative)
महिषासः1 (plural vocative)
महिषम् (accusative singular)
महिषौ (accusative dual)
महिषा1 (accusative dual)
महिषान् (accusative plural)
महिषेण (instrumental singular)
महिषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
महिषैः (instrumental plural)
महिषेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
महिषाय (dative singular)
महिषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
महिषेभ्यः (dative plural)
महिषात् (ablative singular)
महिषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
महिषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
महिषस्य (genitive singular)
महिषयोः (dual genitive)
महिषाणाम् (genitive plural)
महिषे (locative singular)
महिषयोः (dual locative)
महिषेषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀫𑀳𑀺𑀲 (mahisa)
Konkani: म्हस (mhas)
Old Marathi: 𑘦𑘿𑘮𑘺𑘭𑘰 (mhaisā)
Marathi: म्हैसा (mhaisā)

desc

→ Tamil: மகிஷம் (makiṣam), மகிடம் (makiṭam)

From Proto-Indo-European *meǵh₂s-ó-s, from *méǵh₂s (“big, great”). See महत् (mahat) for more.

प्र सोमा॑सो विप॒श्चितो॒ऽपां न य॑न्त्यू॒र्मयः॑ ।
वना॑नि महि॒षा इ॑व ॥
prá sómāso vipaścítoʼpā́ṃ ná yantyūrmáyaḥ.

The intelligent Soma juices rush along like waves of water, like buffaloes to the forests.


शुक

śúka (romanization)
शुकः (nominative singular)
शुकौ (dual nominative)
शुकाः (nominative plural)
शुक (singular vocative)
शुकौ (dual vocative)
शुकाः (plural vocative)
शुकम् (accusative singular)
शुकौ (accusative dual)
शुकान् (accusative plural)
शुकेन (instrumental singular)
शुकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शुकैः (instrumental plural)
शुकाय (dative singular)
शुकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शुकेभ्यः (dative plural)
शुकात् (ablative singular)
शुकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शुकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शुकस्य (genitive singular)
शुकयोः (dual genitive)
शुकानाम् (genitive plural)
शुके (locative singular)
शुकयोः (dual locative)
शुकेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of शुक

→ Telugu: శుకము (śukamu)

From Proto-Indo-European *kū-, *kew- (“to howl, scream”), see also Saterland Frisian huulje (“to howl”), German heulen (“to howl”), Lithuanian kaukti, Tocharian B kauk-, etc.

A scrambling shrub or tree of species Ziziphus oenopolia (syn. Ziziphus scandens (L.)), found in dry tropical environments from India to eastern China and northeastern Australia.


शुक

śúka (romanization)
शुकम् (nominative singular)
शुके (dual nominative)
शुकानि (nominative plural)
शुक (singular vocative)
शुके (dual vocative)
शुकानि (plural vocative)
शुकम् (accusative singular)
शुके (accusative dual)
शुकानि (accusative plural)
शुकेन (instrumental singular)
शुकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शुकैः (instrumental plural)
शुकाय (dative singular)
शुकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शुकेभ्यः (dative plural)
शुकात् (ablative singular)
शुकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शुकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शुकस्य (genitive singular)
शुकयोः (dual genitive)
शुकानाम् (genitive plural)
शुके (locative singular)
शुकयोः (dual locative)
शुकेषु (locative plural)

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">शुक</i>


वानर

vānara (romanization)
वानरः (nominative singular)
वानरौ (dual nominative)
वानरा1 (dual nominative)
वानराः (nominative plural)
वानरासः1 (nominative plural)
वानर (singular vocative)
वानरौ (dual vocative)
वानरा1 (dual vocative)
वानराः (plural vocative)
वानरासः1 (plural vocative)
वानरम् (accusative singular)
वानरौ (accusative dual)
वानरा1 (accusative dual)
वानरान् (accusative plural)
वानरेण (instrumental singular)
वानराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वानरैः (instrumental plural)
वानरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वानराय (dative singular)
वानराभ्याम् (dative dual)
वानरेभ्यः (dative plural)
वानरात् (ablative singular)
वानराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वानरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वानरस्य (genitive singular)
वानरयोः (dual genitive)
वानराणाम् (genitive plural)
वानरे (locative singular)
वानरयोः (dual locative)
वानरेषु (locative plural)

/ˈʋɑː.n̪ɐ.ɾɐ/

Unknown; possibly from वन (vána, “forest”) + नर (nára, “man”). Monier considers it to be a vṛddhi derivative of वनर (vanara, “(something) relating to forest”), from वन (vána, “forest”) + -र (-ra, adjectival suffix). Cognate with Pashto ونهنر (wëna-nar, "woodsman").

com

राक्षसास्तु पुलस्तयस्य वानरा किंनरास्तथा।
यक्षाश्च मनुजव्याघ्र पुत्रास्तस्य च धीमतः।
पुलहस्य मृगाः सिंहा व्याघ्राः किंपुरुषास्तथा ॥
rākṣasāstu pulastayasya vānarā kiṃnarāstathā.
yakṣāśca manujavyāghra putrāstasya ca dhīmataḥ.

pulahasya mṛgāḥ siṃhā vyāghrāḥ kiṃpuruṣāstathā.

इत्युक्तवा स गतो रामं नत्वोवाच हरीश्वरः।
आनीता वानराः सर्वे सीतायाश च गवेषणे॥
ityuktavā sa gato rāmaṃ natvovāca harīśvaraḥ.

ānītā vānarāḥ sarve sītāyāśa ca gaveṣaṇe.


कितव

kitava (romanization)
कितवः (nominative singular)
कितवौ (dual nominative)
कितवाः (nominative plural)
कितव (singular vocative)
कितवौ (dual vocative)
कितवाः (plural vocative)
कितवम् (accusative singular)
कितवौ (accusative dual)
कितवान् (accusative plural)
कितवेन (instrumental singular)
कितवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कितवैः (instrumental plural)
कितवाय (dative singular)
कितवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कितवेभ्यः (dative plural)
कितवात् (ablative singular)
कितवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कितवेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कितवस्य (genitive singular)
कितवयोः (dual genitive)
कितवानाम् (genitive plural)
कितवे (locative singular)
कितवयोः (dual locative)
कितवेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of कितव

Datura stramonium
Datura stramonium#Translingual


धूर्त

dhūrta (romanization)
धूर्तः (nominative singular)
धूर्तौ (dual nominative)
धूर्ताः (nominative plural)
धूर्त (singular vocative)
धूर्तौ (dual vocative)
धूर्ताः (plural vocative)
धूर्तम् (accusative singular)
धूर्तौ (accusative dual)
धूर्तान् (accusative plural)
धूर्तेन (instrumental singular)
धूर्ताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
धूर्तैः (instrumental plural)
धूर्ताय (dative singular)
धूर्ताभ्याम् (dative dual)
धूर्तेभ्यः (dative plural)
धूर्तात् (ablative singular)
धूर्ताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
धूर्तेभ्यः (ablative plural)
धूर्तस्य (genitive singular)
धूर्तयोः (dual genitive)
धूर्तानाम् (genitive plural)
धूर्ते (locative singular)
धूर्तयोः (dual locative)
धूर्तेषु (locative plural)

Masculine a-stem declension of धूर्त

धूर्ताभ्याम्

धूर्ताभ्याम्

धूर्ताभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

धूर्ताभ्याम्

धूर्ताभ्याम्

धूर्ताभ्याम्

(botany) a particular fragrant plant (L.)


बालक

bālaka (romanization)
बालकः (nominative singular)
बालकौ (dual nominative)
बालका1 (dual nominative)
बालकाः (nominative plural)
बालकासः1 (nominative plural)
बालक (singular vocative)
बालकौ (dual vocative)
बालका1 (dual vocative)
बालकाः (plural vocative)
बालकासः1 (plural vocative)
बालकम् (accusative singular)
बालकौ (accusative dual)
बालका1 (accusative dual)
बालकान् (accusative plural)
बालकेन (instrumental singular)
बालकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बालकैः (instrumental plural)
बालकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
बालकाय (dative singular)
बालकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
बालकेभ्यः (dative plural)
बालकात् (ablative singular)
बालकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बालकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
बालकस्य (genitive singular)
बालकयोः (dual genitive)
बालकानाम् (genitive plural)
बालके (locative singular)
बालकयोः (dual locative)
बालकेषु (locative plural)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀩𑀸𑀮𑀅 (bālaa)

Paisaci Prakrit: 𑀧𑀸𑀴𑀓 (pāḷaka)

Pali: bālaka

→ Bengali: বালক (balok)

→ Gujarati: બાળક (bāḷka)

→ Hindi: बालक (bālak)

→ Marathi: बालक (bālak)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਬਾਲਕ (bālak)

Shahmukhi script: بالَک (bālak)

→ Tamil: பாலகன் (pālakaṉ)

desc

⇒ Telugu: బాలకుండు (bālakuṇḍu), బాలకుడు (bālakuḍu)

From बाल (bāla) + -क (-ka, diminutive suffix).