गरुड

garuḍá (romanization)
गरुडस् (nominative singular)
गरुड (singular vocative)
गरुडम् (accusative singular)
गरुडेन (instrumental singular)
गरुडाय (dative singular)
गरुडात् (ablative singular)
गरुडस्य (genitive singular)
गरुडे (locative singular)

→ Bengali: গরুড় (goruṛ)

→ Chinese: 迦樓羅 /迦楼罗 (jiālóuluó)

→ Japanese: 迦楼羅

→ English: garuda

→ Gujarati: ગરુડ (garuḍ)

→ Hindi: गरुड़ (garuṛ)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: garuḍa
> Javanese: ꦒꦫꦸꦝ (garudha) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: garuda
→ Malay: geroda
→ Balinese: ᬕᬭᬸᬥ (garuda)

→ Khmer: គ្រុឌ (krut)

→ Kannada: ಗರುಡ (garuḍa)

→ Malayalam: ഗരുഡൻ (garuḍaṉ)

desc

→ Manchu: ᡤᠠᡵᡠᡩᠠᡳ (garudai), ᡤᡝᡵᡠᡩᡝᡳ (gerudei)

→ Marathi: गरुड (garuḍ)

→ Mongolian: гарьд (garʹd)

→ Kapampangan: galura

Pali: garuḷa

→ Burmese: ဂဠုန် (ga.lun)

Punjabi: ਗਰੜ (garaṛ)

→ Shan: ၵႃလူၼ် (kǎa lǔun)

→ Saurashtra: ꢔꢾꢬꢸꢞ꣄ (geruḍ)

→ Tamil: கருடன் (karuṭaṉ)

→ Telugu: గరుడి (garuḍi)

→ Thai: ครุฑ (krút)

Unclear, possibly from गॄ (gṝ, “to devour”, root).

(Hinduism) Garuda, Mount of Vishnu, king of the Birds, son of Kashyapa and Vinata.


दूरदर्शन

dūradárśana (romanization)
दूरदर्शनः (nominative singular)
दूरदर्शनौ (dual nominative)
दूरदर्शना1 (dual nominative)
दूरदर्शनाः (nominative plural)
दूरदर्शनासः1 (nominative plural)
दूरदर्शन (singular vocative)
दूरदर्शनौ (dual vocative)
दूरदर्शना1 (dual vocative)
दूरदर्शनाः (plural vocative)
दूरदर्शनासः1 (plural vocative)
दूरदर्शनम् (accusative singular)
दूरदर्शनौ (accusative dual)
दूरदर्शना1 (accusative dual)
दूरदर्शनान् (accusative plural)
दूरदर्शनेन (instrumental singular)
दूरदर्शनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दूरदर्शनैः (instrumental plural)
दूरदर्शनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दूरदर्शनाय (dative singular)
दूरदर्शनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दूरदर्शनेभ्यः (dative plural)
दूरदर्शनात् (ablative singular)
दूरदर्शनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दूरदर्शनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दूरदर्शनस्य (genitive singular)
दूरदर्शनयोः (dual genitive)
दूरदर्शनानाम् (genitive plural)
दूरदर्शने (locative singular)
दूरदर्शनयोः (dual locative)
दूरदर्शनेषु (locative plural)

/d̪uː.ɾɐˈd̪ɐɾ.ɕɐ.n̪ɐ/

Compound of दूर (dūrá, “far”) + दर्शन (dárśana, “sight”).
The sense “television” is a semantic loan from English television based on its etymology, i.e. a calque of English tele- (“far”) + vision, probably following Hindi.


दूरदर्शन

dūradárśana (romanization)
दूरदर्शनम् (nominative singular)
दूरदर्शने (dual nominative)
दूरदर्शनानि (nominative plural)
दूरदर्शना1 (nominative plural)
दूरदर्शन (singular vocative)
दूरदर्शने (dual vocative)
दूरदर्शनानि (plural vocative)
दूरदर्शना1 (plural vocative)
दूरदर्शनम् (accusative singular)
दूरदर्शने (accusative dual)
दूरदर्शनानि (accusative plural)
दूरदर्शना1 (accusative plural)
दूरदर्शनेन (instrumental singular)
दूरदर्शनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दूरदर्शनैः (instrumental plural)
दूरदर्शनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दूरदर्शनाय (dative singular)
दूरदर्शनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दूरदर्शनेभ्यः (dative plural)
दूरदर्शनात् (ablative singular)
दूरदर्शनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दूरदर्शनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दूरदर्शनस्य (genitive singular)
दूरदर्शनयोः (dual genitive)
दूरदर्शनानाम् (genitive plural)
दूरदर्शने (locative singular)
दूरदर्शनयोः (dual locative)
दूरदर्शनेषु (locative plural)

→ Thai: โทรทัศน์ (too-rá-tát)

→ Lao: ໂທລະທັດ (thō la that)

desc

→ Khmer: ទូរទស្សន៍ (tuurĕəʼtŭəh)

→ Khmer: ទូរទស្សន៍ (tuurĕəʼtŭəh)

/d̪uː.ɾɐˈd̪ɐɾ.ɕɐ.n̪ɐ/


बुलबुल

bulabula (romanization)
बुलबुलः (nominative singular)
बुलबुलौ (dual nominative)
बुलबुलाः (nominative plural)
बुलबुल (singular vocative)
बुलबुलौ (dual vocative)
बुलबुलाः (plural vocative)
बुलबुलम् (accusative singular)
बुलबुलौ (accusative dual)
बुलबुलान् (accusative plural)
बुलबुलेन (instrumental singular)
बुलबुलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बुलबुलैः (instrumental plural)
बुलबुलाय (dative singular)
बुलबुलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
बुलबुलेभ्यः (dative plural)
बुलबुलात् (ablative singular)
बुलबुलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बुलबुलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
बुलबुलस्य (genitive singular)
बुलबुलयोः (dual genitive)
बुलबुलानाम् (genitive plural)
बुलबुले (locative singular)
बुलबुलयोः (dual locative)
बुलबुलेषु (locative plural)

अस्मिता — अपि सन्ति बुलबुलाः अत्र?
 नियामकः — तेऽपि सन्ति। शृणु, शृणु बुलबुलगानं पेरुकवाटिकायाम्।

Asmitā — Are there nightingales here too?
 Niyāmaka — They are there too. Listen, listen to the nightingale-song in Perukavāṭikā.

asmitā — api santi bulabulāḥ atra?
 niyāmakaḥ — teʼpi santi. śṛṇu, śṛṇu bulabulagānaṃ perukavāṭikāyām.


आति

ātí (romanization)
आतिः (nominative singular)
आती (dual nominative)
आतयः (nominative plural)
आते (singular vocative)
आती (dual vocative)
आतयः (plural vocative)
आतिम् (accusative singular)
आती (accusative dual)
आतीः (accusative plural)
आत्या (instrumental singular)
आती1 (instrumental singular)
आतिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आतिभिः (instrumental plural)
आतये (dative singular)
आत्यै2 (dative singular)
आती1 (dative singular)
आतिभ्याम् (dative dual)
आतिभ्यः (dative plural)
आतेः (ablative singular)
आत्याः2 (ablative singular)
आत्यै3 (ablative singular)
आतिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आतिभ्यः (ablative plural)
आतेः (genitive singular)
आत्याः2 (genitive singular)
आत्यै3 (genitive singular)
आत्योः (dual genitive)
आतीनाम् (genitive plural)
आतौ (locative singular)
आत्याम्2 (locative singular)
आता1 (locative singular)
आत्योः (dual locative)
आतिषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: ạ́i

Khowar: آڑی (áɫi)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀆𑀟𑀺 (āḍi)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *HaHtíṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HaHtíš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énh₂ts (“duck”).
Cognate with Latin anas, Ancient Greek νῆττᾰ (nêttă), Ossetian ацц (acc), Old East Slavic уты (uty), Old Prussian antis, Old English æned.

the bank myna (Acridotheres ginginianus, formerly known as Turdus ginginianus)


अर्जुन

árjuna (romanization)
अर्जुनः (nominative singular)
अर्जुनौ (dual nominative)
अर्जुना1 (dual nominative)
अर्जुनाः (nominative plural)
अर्जुनासः1 (nominative plural)
अर्जुन (singular vocative)
अर्जुनौ (dual vocative)
अर्जुना1 (dual vocative)
अर्जुनाः (plural vocative)
अर्जुनासः1 (plural vocative)
अर्जुनम् (accusative singular)
अर्जुनौ (accusative dual)
अर्जुना1 (accusative dual)
अर्जुनान् (accusative plural)
अर्जुनेन (instrumental singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अर्जुनैः (instrumental plural)
अर्जुनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अर्जुनाय (dative singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अर्जुनेभ्यः (dative plural)
अर्जुनात् (ablative singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अर्जुनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अर्जुनस्य (genitive singular)
अर्जुनयोः (dual genitive)
अर्जुनानाम् (genitive plural)
अर्जुने (locative singular)
अर्जुनयोः (dual locative)
अर्जुनेषु (locative plural)
अर्जुना (nominative singular)
अर्जुने (dual nominative)
अर्जुनाः (nominative plural)
अर्जुने (singular vocative)
अर्जुने (dual vocative)
अर्जुनाः (plural vocative)
अर्जुनाम् (accusative singular)
अर्जुने (accusative dual)
अर्जुनाः (accusative plural)
अर्जुनया (instrumental singular)
अर्जुना1 (instrumental singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अर्जुनाभिः (instrumental plural)
अर्जुनायै (dative singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अर्जुनाभ्यः (dative plural)
अर्जुनायाः (ablative singular)
अर्जुनायै2 (ablative singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अर्जुनाभ्यः (ablative plural)
अर्जुनायाः (genitive singular)
अर्जुनायै2 (genitive singular)
अर्जुनयोः (dual genitive)
अर्जुनानाम् (genitive plural)
अर्जुनायाम् (locative singular)
अर्जुनयोः (dual locative)
अर्जुनासु (locative plural)
अर्जुनम् (nominative singular)
अर्जुने (dual nominative)
अर्जुनानि (nominative plural)
अर्जुना1 (nominative plural)
अर्जुन (singular vocative)
अर्जुने (dual vocative)
अर्जुनानि (plural vocative)
अर्जुना1 (plural vocative)
अर्जुनम् (accusative singular)
अर्जुने (accusative dual)
अर्जुनानि (accusative plural)
अर्जुना1 (accusative plural)
अर्जुनेन (instrumental singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अर्जुनैः (instrumental plural)
अर्जुनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अर्जुनाय (dative singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अर्जुनेभ्यः (dative plural)
अर्जुनात् (ablative singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अर्जुनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अर्जुनस्य (genitive singular)
अर्जुनयोः (dual genitive)
अर्जुनानाम् (genitive plural)
अर्जुने (locative singular)
अर्जुनयोः (dual locative)
अर्जुनेषु (locative plural)

/ˈɐɾ.d͡ʑu.n̪ɐ/

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂érǵ-u-nom (“white, shining; silver”). Cognate with Latin argentum (“silver”).


अर्जुन

árjuna (romanization)
अर्जुनम् (nominative singular)
अर्जुने (dual nominative)
अर्जुनानि (nominative plural)
अर्जुना1 (nominative plural)
अर्जुन (singular vocative)
अर्जुने (dual vocative)
अर्जुनानि (plural vocative)
अर्जुना1 (plural vocative)
अर्जुनम् (accusative singular)
अर्जुने (accusative dual)
अर्जुनानि (accusative plural)
अर्जुना1 (accusative plural)
अर्जुनेन (instrumental singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अर्जुनैः (instrumental plural)
अर्जुनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अर्जुनाय (dative singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अर्जुनेभ्यः (dative plural)
अर्जुनात् (ablative singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अर्जुनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अर्जुनस्य (genitive singular)
अर्जुनयोः (dual genitive)
अर्जुनानाम् (genitive plural)
अर्जुने (locative singular)
अर्जुनयोः (dual locative)
अर्जुनेषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀼𑀡 (ajjuṇa, “silver”)

/ˈɐɾ.d͡ʑu.n̪ɐ/

(in the plural) the descendants of Arjuna


अर्जुन

arjuna (romanization)
अर्जुनः (nominative singular)
अर्जुनौ (dual nominative)
अर्जुना1 (dual nominative)
अर्जुनाः (nominative plural)
अर्जुनासः1 (nominative plural)
अर्जुन (singular vocative)
अर्जुनौ (dual vocative)
अर्जुना1 (dual vocative)
अर्जुनाः (plural vocative)
अर्जुनासः1 (plural vocative)
अर्जुनम् (accusative singular)
अर्जुनौ (accusative dual)
अर्जुना1 (accusative dual)
अर्जुनान् (accusative plural)
अर्जुनेन (instrumental singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अर्जुनैः (instrumental plural)
अर्जुनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अर्जुनाय (dative singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अर्जुनेभ्यः (dative plural)
अर्जुनात् (ablative singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अर्जुनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अर्जुनस्य (genitive singular)
अर्जुनयोः (dual genitive)
अर्जुनानाम् (genitive plural)
अर्जुने (locative singular)
अर्जुनयोः (dual locative)
अर्जुनेषु (locative plural)

→ Old Javanese: arjuna

→ Tocharian B: arjuṃ

/ˈɐɾ.d͡ʑu.n̪ɐ/

Terminalia arjuna
Terminalia arjuna#Translingual


अर्जुन

arjuna (romanization)
अर्जुनः (nominative singular)
अर्जुनौ (dual nominative)
अर्जुनाः (nominative plural)
अर्जुन (singular vocative)
अर्जुनौ (dual vocative)
अर्जुनाः (plural vocative)
अर्जुनम् (accusative singular)
अर्जुनौ (accusative dual)
अर्जुनान् (accusative plural)
अर्जुनेन (instrumental singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अर्जुनैः (instrumental plural)
अर्जुनाय (dative singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अर्जुनेभ्यः (dative plural)
अर्जुनात् (ablative singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अर्जुनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अर्जुनस्य (genitive singular)
अर्जुनयोः (dual genitive)
अर्जुनानाम् (genitive plural)
अर्जुने (locative singular)
अर्जुनयोः (dual locative)
अर्जुनेषु (locative plural)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: Arjuna
Javanese: ꦄꦂꦗꦸꦤ (Arjuna), ꦲꦼꦂꦗꦸꦤ (Herjuna)
→ Balinese: ᬅᬃᬚᬸᬦ (Arjuna)

/ˈɐɾ.d͡ʑu.n̪ɐ/

(Hinduism) Arjuna, son of Pandu and Kunti, husband of Draupadi and Subhadra, and the father of Abhimanyu and Shrutakarma

a male given name commonly used in India


हंस

haṃsá (romanization)
हंसः (nominative singular)
हंसौ (dual nominative)
हंसा1 (dual nominative)
हंसाः (nominative plural)
हंसासः1 (nominative plural)
हंस (singular vocative)
हंसौ (dual vocative)
हंसा1 (dual vocative)
हंसाः (plural vocative)
हंसासः1 (plural vocative)
हंसम् (accusative singular)
हंसौ (accusative dual)
हंसा1 (accusative dual)
हंसान् (accusative plural)
हंसेन (instrumental singular)
हंसाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हंसैः (instrumental plural)
हंसेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
हंसाय (dative singular)
हंसाभ्याम् (dative dual)
हंसेभ्यः (dative plural)
हंसात् (ablative singular)
हंसाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हंसेभ्यः (ablative plural)
हंसस्य (genitive singular)
हंसयोः (dual genitive)
हंसानाम् (genitive plural)
हंसे (locative singular)
हंसयोः (dual locative)
हंसेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: أنٛز (ạnz)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: হাঁহ (hãh)

Bengali: হাঁস (hãs)

Sylheti: ꠀꠃꠀ (áúa), ꠀꠁ (áí)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਹੰਸ (hans)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀳𑀁𑀲 (haṃsa)

Hindi: हाँस (hā̃s)

/ɦɐ.ɡm̩.sɐ́/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰansás (“goose”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns (“goose”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬁 (zā), Ancient Greek χήν (khḗn), Latin ānser, Latvian zoss, German Gans, Old Irish géiss, Russian гусь (gusʹ), Albanian gatë (“heron”), Old English gōs (whence English goose).

हंसाव्इव पततमा सुताँ उप ॥

Like wild geese, fly here to the soma-pressings.

a goose, gander, swan, flamingo (or other aquatic bird, considered as a bird of passage)

sometimes a mere poetical or mythical bird, said in Rigveda to be able to separate Soma from water, when these two fluids are mixed, and in later literature, milk from water when these two are mixed


हंस

/ɦɐ.ɡm̩.sɐ́/


वाट

vāṭa (romanization)
वाटः (nominative singular)
वाटौ (dual nominative)
वाटाः (nominative plural)
वाट (singular vocative)
वाटौ (dual vocative)
वाटाः (plural vocative)
वाटम् (accusative singular)
वाटौ (accusative dual)
वाटान् (accusative plural)
वाटेन (instrumental singular)
वाटाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वाटैः (instrumental plural)
वाटाय (dative singular)
वाटाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वाटेभ्यः (dative plural)
वाटात् (ablative singular)
वाटाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वाटेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वाटस्य (genitive singular)
वाटयोः (dual genitive)
वाटानाम् (genitive plural)
वाटे (locative singular)
वाटयोः (dual locative)
वाटेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of वाट

A Prakritism from Early Eastern Prakrit, from *वार्त्र (vārtra, “any fenced or enclosed structure”), vriddhi of वृत (vṛta, “enclosed”).


नव

náva (romanization)
नवः (nominative singular)
नवौ (dual nominative)
नवा1 (dual nominative)
नवाः (nominative plural)
नवासः1 (nominative plural)
नव (singular vocative)
नवौ (dual vocative)
नवा1 (dual vocative)
नवाः (plural vocative)
नवासः1 (plural vocative)
नवम् (accusative singular)
नवौ (accusative dual)
नवा1 (accusative dual)
नवान् (accusative plural)
नवेन (instrumental singular)
नवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नवैः (instrumental plural)
नवेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नवाय (dative singular)
नवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नवेभ्यः (dative plural)
नवात् (ablative singular)
नवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नवेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नवस्य (genitive singular)
नवयोः (dual genitive)
नवानाम् (genitive plural)
नवे (locative singular)
नवयोः (dual locative)
नवेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *náwas (“new”), from Proto-Indo-European *néwos.
Cognates
Cognate with Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (nauua), Persian نو (now), Ancient Greek νέος (néos), Latin novus, Tocharian B ñuwe, Old Church Slavonic новъ (novŭ), Old English nīewe (whence English new).


तित्तिरि

tittíri (romanization)
तित्तिरिः (nominative singular)
तित्तिरी (dual nominative)
तित्तिरयः (nominative plural)
तित्तिरे (singular vocative)
तित्तिरी (dual vocative)
तित्तिरयः (plural vocative)
तित्तिरिम् (accusative singular)
तित्तिरी (accusative dual)
तित्तिरीन् (accusative plural)
तित्तिरिणा (instrumental singular)
तित्तिरिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तित्तिरिभिः (instrumental plural)
तित्तिरये (dative singular)
तित्तिरिभ्याम् (dative dual)
तित्तिरिभ्यः (dative plural)
तित्तिरेः (ablative singular)
तित्तिरिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तित्तिरिभ्यः (ablative plural)
तित्तिरेः (genitive singular)
तित्तिर्योः (dual genitive)
तित्तिरीणाम् (genitive plural)
तित्तिरौ (locative singular)
तित्तिर्योः (dual locative)
तित्तिरिषु (locative plural)

Masculine i-stem declension of तित्तिरि

तित्तिरिभ्याम्

तित्तिरिभ्याम्

तित्तिरिभ्यः

तित्तिरिभ्याम्

तित्तिरिभ्यः

तित्तिरीणाम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

तित्तिरिभ्याम्

तित्तिरिभ्याम्

तित्तिरिभ्यः

तित्तिरिभ्याम्

तित्तिरिभ्यः

तित्तिरीणाम्


तित्तिर

tittirá (romanization)
तित्तिरः (nominative singular)
तित्तिरौ (dual nominative)
तित्तिरा1 (dual nominative)
तित्तिराः (nominative plural)
तित्तिरासः1 (nominative plural)
तित्तिर (singular vocative)
तित्तिरौ (dual vocative)
तित्तिरा1 (dual vocative)
तित्तिराः (plural vocative)
तित्तिरासः1 (plural vocative)
तित्तिरम् (accusative singular)
तित्तिरौ (accusative dual)
तित्तिरा1 (accusative dual)
तित्तिरान् (accusative plural)
तित्तिरेण (instrumental singular)
तित्तिराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तित्तिरैः (instrumental plural)
तित्तिरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तित्तिराय (dative singular)
तित्तिराभ्याम् (dative dual)
तित्तिरेभ्यः (dative plural)
तित्तिरात् (ablative singular)
तित्तिराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तित्तिरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तित्तिरस्य (genitive singular)
तित्तिरयोः (dual genitive)
तित्तिराणाम् (genitive plural)
तित्तिरे (locative singular)
तित्तिरयोः (dual locative)
तित्तिरेषु (locative plural)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:

Bhojpuri: तीतर (tītar)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: তিতৰ (titor), তিতৌ (titou)

Bengali: তিতির (titir), টিটির (ṭiṭir)

Sylheti: ꠔꠤꠔꠞ (titor)

Maharastri Prakrit:

desc

Old Marathi: तीतीर (tītīra), तीतुर (tītura)

Marathi: तितर (titar)

Pali: tittira

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀢𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀭 (tittira)

Gujarati: તીતર (tītar)

Hindi: तीतर (tītar)

Nepali: तितर (titar)

Punjabi: ਤਿੱਤਰ (tittar)

From Proto-Indo-European *teter (“grouse”). Cognate with Ancient Greek τετράων (tetráōn), Latin turtur, Old Armenian տատրակ (tatrak).


शारि

शारि ॑ (canonical)
śā́ri (romanization)
शारिः (nominative singular)
शारी (dual nominative)
शारयः (nominative plural)
शारे (singular vocative)
शारी (dual vocative)
शारयः (plural vocative)
शारिम् (accusative singular)
शारी (accusative dual)
शारीः (accusative plural)
शार्या (instrumental singular)
शारी1 (instrumental singular)
शारिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शारिभिः (instrumental plural)
शारये (dative singular)
शार्यै2 (dative singular)
शारी1 (dative singular)
शारिभ्याम् (dative dual)
शारिभ्यः (dative plural)
शारेः (ablative singular)
शार्याः2 (ablative singular)
शार्यै3 (ablative singular)
शारिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शारिभ्यः (ablative plural)
शारेः (genitive singular)
शार्याः2 (genitive singular)
शार्यै3 (genitive singular)
शार्योः (dual genitive)
शारीणाम् (genitive plural)
शारौ (locative singular)
शार्याम्2 (locative singular)
शारा1 (locative singular)
शार्योः (dual locative)
शारिषु (locative plural)

desctree

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀮𑀺𑀓𑀸 (sālikā)
Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀭𑀻 (sārī), 𑀲𑀸𑀭𑀺𑀆 (sāriā), 𑀲𑀸𑀮𑀳𑀻 (sālahī), 𑀲𑀸𑀮𑀳𑀺𑀆 (sālahiā), 𑀲𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀺𑀆 (sālakkiā) (see there for further descendants)

Pali: sālikā, sāḷikā, sāliya

Unknown. Undoubtedly related to Classical Persian سَار (sār), سَارِی (sārī, “starling”), Old Armenian սարեակ (sareak, “starling”). More speculatively, compare Proto-Balto-Slavic *śárˀkāˀ (“magpie”), Proto-Germanic *hrabnaz (“raven”), Latin corvus (“raven”); if all related, this may be a Wanderwort.

etymon

शारि॑

cog

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā)

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Śukla-Yajurveda (Vājasenayi Saṃhitā)


शारि

Unknown; probably unrelated to the above term. Compare श॒र (śará, “reed”), शरु॑ (śáru, “missile”), शर्य॑ (śárya, “arrow”), all attested in the Ṛgveda. Some sources instead lemmatise the word as शारी॑ (śā́rī).


शारि

śāri (romanization)
शारिः (nominative singular)
शारी (dual nominative)
शारयः (nominative plural)
शारे (singular vocative)
शारी (dual vocative)
शारयः (plural vocative)
शारिम् (accusative singular)
शारी (accusative dual)
शारीन् (accusative plural)
शारिणा (instrumental singular)
शार्या1 (instrumental singular)
शारिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शारिभिः (instrumental plural)
शारये (dative singular)
शारिभ्याम् (dative dual)
शारिभ्यः (dative plural)
शारेः (ablative singular)
शार्यः1 (ablative singular)
शारिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शारिभ्यः (ablative plural)
शारेः (genitive singular)
शार्यः1 (genitive singular)
शार्योः (dual genitive)
शारीणाम् (genitive plural)
शारौ (locative singular)
शारा1 (locative singular)
शार्योः (dual locative)
शारिषु (locative plural)

Unknown. Similar polysemy to गुटिका (guṭikā).

(chess) chessman, piece at chess (or at a kind of draughts)


जाङ्गल

jāṅgala (romanization)
जाङ्गलः (nominative singular)
जाङ्गलौ (dual nominative)
जाङ्गला1 (dual nominative)
जाङ्गलाः (nominative plural)
जाङ्गलासः1 (nominative plural)
जाङ्गल (singular vocative)
जाङ्गलौ (dual vocative)
जाङ्गला1 (dual vocative)
जाङ्गलाः (plural vocative)
जाङ्गलासः1 (plural vocative)
जाङ्गलम् (accusative singular)
जाङ्गलौ (accusative dual)
जाङ्गला1 (accusative dual)
जाङ्गलान् (accusative plural)
जाङ्गलेन (instrumental singular)
जाङ्गलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जाङ्गलैः (instrumental plural)
जाङ्गलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
जाङ्गलाय (dative singular)
जाङ्गलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जाङ्गलेभ्यः (dative plural)
जाङ्गलात् (ablative singular)
जाङ्गलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जाङ्गलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जाङ्गलस्य (genitive singular)
जाङ्गलयोः (dual genitive)
जाङ्गलानाम् (genitive plural)
जाङ्गले (locative singular)
जाङ्गलयोः (dual locative)
जाङ्गलेषु (locative plural)
जाङ्गला (nominative singular)
जाङ्गले (dual nominative)
जाङ्गलाः (nominative plural)
जाङ्गले (singular vocative)
जाङ्गले (dual vocative)
जाङ्गलाः (plural vocative)
जाङ्गलाम् (accusative singular)
जाङ्गले (accusative dual)
जाङ्गलाः (accusative plural)
जाङ्गलया (instrumental singular)
जाङ्गला1 (instrumental singular)
जाङ्गलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जाङ्गलाभिः (instrumental plural)
जाङ्गलायै (dative singular)
जाङ्गलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जाङ्गलाभ्यः (dative plural)
जाङ्गलायाः (ablative singular)
जाङ्गलायै2 (ablative singular)
जाङ्गलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जाङ्गलाभ्यः (ablative plural)
जाङ्गलायाः (genitive singular)
जाङ्गलायै2 (genitive singular)
जाङ्गलयोः (dual genitive)
जाङ्गलानाम् (genitive plural)
जाङ्गलायाम् (locative singular)
जाङ्गलयोः (dual locative)
जाङ्गलासु (locative plural)
जाङ्गलम् (nominative singular)
जाङ्गले (dual nominative)
जाङ्गलानि (nominative plural)
जाङ्गला1 (nominative plural)
जाङ्गल (singular vocative)
जाङ्गले (dual vocative)
जाङ्गलानि (plural vocative)
जाङ्गला1 (plural vocative)
जाङ्गलम् (accusative singular)
जाङ्गले (accusative dual)
जाङ्गलानि (accusative plural)
जाङ्गला1 (accusative plural)
जाङ्गलेन (instrumental singular)
जाङ्गलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जाङ्गलैः (instrumental plural)
जाङ्गलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
जाङ्गलाय (dative singular)
जाङ्गलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जाङ्गलेभ्यः (dative plural)
जाङ्गलात् (ablative singular)
जाङ्गलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जाङ्गलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जाङ्गलस्य (genitive singular)
जाङ्गलयोः (dual genitive)
जाङ्गलानाम् (genitive plural)
जाङ्गले (locative singular)
जाङ्गलयोः (dual locative)
जाङ्गलेषु (locative plural)

Punjabi: جھَنگ (Jhang)

→ Urdu: جھنگ (Jhang)

/d͡ʑɑːŋ.ɡɐ.lɐ/

/ˈd͡ʑɑːŋ.ɡɐ.l̪ɐ/

made of arid wood, coming from wild deer


कर्कट

karkaṭa (romanization)
कर्कटः (nominative singular)
कर्कटौ (dual nominative)
कर्कटा1 (dual nominative)
कर्कटाः (nominative plural)
कर्कटासः1 (nominative plural)
कर्कट (singular vocative)
कर्कटौ (dual vocative)
कर्कटा1 (dual vocative)
कर्कटाः (plural vocative)
कर्कटासः1 (plural vocative)
कर्कटम् (accusative singular)
कर्कटौ (accusative dual)
कर्कटा1 (accusative dual)
कर्कटान् (accusative plural)
कर्कटेन (instrumental singular)
कर्कटाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कर्कटैः (instrumental plural)
कर्कटेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कर्कटाय (dative singular)
कर्कटाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कर्कटेभ्यः (dative plural)
कर्कटात् (ablative singular)
कर्कटाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कर्कटेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कर्कटस्य (genitive singular)
कर्कटयोः (dual genitive)
कर्कटानाम् (genitive plural)
कर्कटे (locative singular)
कर्कटयोः (dual locative)
कर्कटेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Tirahi: [script needed] (kaṅgarā́)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: කකුළුවා (kakuḷuwā)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀓𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟 (kakkaḍa)

Old Marathi:

Marathi: खेकडा (khekḍā)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀓𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟 (kakkaḍa)

Early Assamese: কাঙ্কৰা (kaṅkora)

Middle Assamese: কঁকৰা (kõkora)

desc

Assamese: কেঁকোৰা (kẽküra), কাঁক্ৰা (kãkra) (Kamrupi dialect)

→ Bodo (India): खांख्राय (kangkray)

→ Dimasa: khangkrai

Old Bengali: কাংকডা (kāṃkaḍā)

Middle Bengali: কাঁকড়া (kãkoṛa)

Bengali: কাঁকড়া (kãkṛa)

Kamta: কাঁকৰা (kãkora)

Odia: କାଂକଡ଼ା (kāṅkaṛā), କାକାଡ଼ା (kākāṛā)

Sylheti: ꠇꠣꠇꠠꠣ (xaxoṛa)

Pali: kakkaṭaka

→ Khmer: កក្កដា (kakkaʼdaa)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟 (kakkaḍa)

Hindustani:

Hindi: केकड़ (kekaṛ), केकड़ा (kekṛā)

Urdu: کےکَڑ (kekaṛ), کیکڑا

Punjabi: ਕੇਕੜਾ (kekṛā)

Lahnda: [script needed] (kakkaṛ)

Western:

Sindhi:

Devanagari script: केकड़ो

Arabic script: ڪڪڙ

→ Bengali: কর্কট (korkoṭ)

→ Dhivehi: ކަރުކަށަ (karukaṣa)

→ Telugu: కర్కటము (karkaṭamu)

→ Thai: กรกฎ (gɔɔ-rá-gòt)

→ Tibetan: ཀརྐ་ཊ (krka ṭa)

→ Burmese: ကရကဋ် (ka.ra.kat)

→ Classical Newar: कखडि

Newar: कःलि (ka:li)

/ˈkɐɾ.kɐ.ʈɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *karkartas, according to Pokorny, related to कर्कर (karkara, “hard”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂er- (“hard”) (see also Welsh crach (“crust”), Proto-Slavic *rakъ (“crayfish”)). Latin cancer and Ancient Greek καρκίνος (karkínos, “crab”) could also be related, but this is uncertain.
More likely from a substrate language, and possibly cognate with Santali ᱠᱟᱴᱠᱚᱢ (kaṭkôm); however, this is uncertain, as the latter could also be from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₁aam. However, the Santali word is definitely not borrowed from Sanskrit; and a borrowing from Munda languages into Sanskrit is not verifiable.

cog

the curved end of the beam of a balance (to which the strings supporting the scale are attached)


विहार

vihāra (romanization)
विहारः (nominative singular)
विहारौ (dual nominative)
विहारा1 (dual nominative)
विहाराः (nominative plural)
विहारासः1 (nominative plural)
विहार (singular vocative)
विहारौ (dual vocative)
विहारा1 (dual vocative)
विहाराः (plural vocative)
विहारासः1 (plural vocative)
विहारम् (accusative singular)
विहारौ (accusative dual)
विहारा1 (accusative dual)
विहारान् (accusative plural)
विहारेण (instrumental singular)
विहाराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विहारैः (instrumental plural)
विहारेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
विहाराय (dative singular)
विहाराभ्याम् (dative dual)
विहारेभ्यः (dative plural)
विहारात् (ablative singular)
विहाराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
विहारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
विहारस्य (genitive singular)
विहारयोः (dual genitive)
विहाराणाम् (genitive plural)
विहारे (locative singular)
विहारयोः (dual locative)
विहारेषु (locative plural)

Bengali: বিহার (bihar)

Hindi: बिहार (bihār)

→ English: vihara

→ Burmese: ဝိဟာရ (wi.hara.)

→ Khmer: វិហារ (vihiə)

→ Javanese: ꦮꦶꦲꦫ (wihara)

→ Indonesian: wihara

→ Lao: ວິຫານ (wi hān)

→ Lü: ᦞᦲᦠᦱᧃ (viiḣaan)

→ Malay: biara

Indonesian: biara

→ Northern Thai: ᩅᩥᩉᩣ᩠ᩁ

Sinhalese: විහාර (wihāra)

→ Thai: วิหาร (wí-hǎan)

From वि- (vi-, suffix indicating distribution, opposition or arrangement) + हार (hāra, “bearing, carrying”, from हर (hara)).

af

from <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">हर</i> (hara)

(at the end of a compound) delighting in


घूक

ghūka (romanization)
घूकः (nominative singular)
घूकौ (dual nominative)
घूकाः (nominative plural)
घूक (singular vocative)
घूकौ (dual vocative)
घूकाः (plural vocative)
घूकम् (accusative singular)
घूकौ (accusative dual)
घूकान् (accusative plural)
घूकेन (instrumental singular)
घूकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
घूकैः (instrumental plural)
घूकाय (dative singular)
घूकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
घूकेभ्यः (dative plural)
घूकात् (ablative singular)
घूकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
घूकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
घूकस्य (genitive singular)
घूकयोः (dual genitive)
घूकानाम् (genitive plural)
घूके (locative singular)
घूकयोः (dual locative)
घूकेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of घूक

Prakrit: 𑀖𑀽𑀅 (ghūa)

⇒ Prakrit: *𑀖𑀽𑀅-𑀟 (*ghūa-ḍa)

Gujarati: ઘુવડ (ghuvaḍ)

Marathi: घुबड (ghubaḍ)

→ Gujarati: ઘૂક (ghūk) (learned)

→ Hindi: घूक (ghūk) (learned)

→ Kannada: ಘೂಕ (ghūka) (learned)

→ Marwari: (learned)

Devanagari script: घूक (ghūk)

Mahajani script: 𑅘𑅒𑅕 (ghuk)

→ Odia: ଘୂକ (ghuka) (learned)

→ Telugu: ఘూకము (ghūkamu) (learned)

Borrowed from a Dravidian language; compare Tamil கூகை (kūkai), Telugu గూబ (gūba), Kannada ಗೂಬೆ (gūbe).


वर

sa-adj

वर • (vára) stem (comparative वरीयस्, superlative वरिष्ठ)

vára (romanization)
वरीयस् (comparative)
वरिष्ठ (superlative)
वरः (nominative singular)
वरौ (dual nominative)
वरा1 (dual nominative)
वराः (nominative plural)
वरासः1 (nominative plural)
वर (singular vocative)
वरौ (dual vocative)
वरा1 (dual vocative)
वराः (plural vocative)
वरासः1 (plural vocative)
वरम् (accusative singular)
वरौ (accusative dual)
वरा1 (accusative dual)
वरान् (accusative plural)
वरेण (instrumental singular)
वराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वरैः (instrumental plural)
वरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वराय (dative singular)
वराभ्याम् (dative dual)
वरेभ्यः (dative plural)
वरात् (ablative singular)
वराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वरस्य (genitive singular)
वरयोः (dual genitive)
वराणाम् (genitive plural)
वरे (locative singular)
वरयोः (dual locative)
वरेषु (locative plural)
वरा (nominative singular)
वरे (dual nominative)
वराः (nominative plural)
वरे (singular vocative)
वरे (dual vocative)
वराः (plural vocative)
वराम् (accusative singular)
वरे (accusative dual)
वराः (accusative plural)
वरया (instrumental singular)
वरा1 (instrumental singular)
वराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वराभिः (instrumental plural)
वरायै (dative singular)
वराभ्याम् (dative dual)
वराभ्यः (dative plural)
वरायाः (ablative singular)
वरायै2 (ablative singular)
वराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वराभ्यः (ablative plural)
वरायाः (genitive singular)
वरायै2 (genitive singular)
वरयोः (dual genitive)
वराणाम् (genitive plural)
वरायाम् (locative singular)
वरयोः (dual locative)
वरासु (locative plural)
वरम् (nominative singular)
वरे (dual nominative)
वराणि (nominative plural)
वरा1 (nominative plural)
वर (singular vocative)
वरे (dual vocative)
वराणि (plural vocative)
वरा1 (plural vocative)
वरम् (accusative singular)
वरे (accusative dual)
वराणि (accusative plural)
वरा1 (accusative plural)
वरेण (instrumental singular)
वराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वरैः (instrumental plural)
वरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वराय (dative singular)
वराभ्याम् (dative dual)
वरेभ्यः (dative plural)
वरात् (ablative singular)
वराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वरस्य (genitive singular)
वरयोः (dual genitive)
वराणाम् (genitive plural)
वरे (locative singular)
वरयोः (dual locative)
वरेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *warás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *warás, from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁os (“chosen, wanted (person or thing)”). The Sanskrit root is वृ (√vṛ, “to choose”). The adjective (in the sense of "high quality") and noun (in the sense of "gift") developed from the notion of "select", "chosen".


चक्रवाक

the चक्र bird (Anas casarca; the couples are supposed to be separated and to mourn during night)


शुक

शुक ॑ (canonical)
śúka (romanization)
शुकः (nominative singular)
शुकौ (dual nominative)
शुका1 (dual nominative)
शुकाः (nominative plural)
शुकासः1 (nominative plural)
शुक (singular vocative)
शुकौ (dual vocative)
शुका1 (dual vocative)
शुकाः (plural vocative)
शुकासः1 (plural vocative)
शुकम् (accusative singular)
शुकौ (accusative dual)
शुका1 (accusative dual)
शुकान् (accusative plural)
शुकेन (instrumental singular)
शुकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शुकैः (instrumental plural)
शुकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शुकाय (dative singular)
शुकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शुकेभ्यः (dative plural)
शुकात् (ablative singular)
शुकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शुकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शुकस्य (genitive singular)
शुकयोः (dual genitive)
शुकानाम् (genitive plural)
शुके (locative singular)
शुकयोः (dual locative)
शुकेषु (locative plural)

desctree

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀓 (suka)
Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀅 (sua), 𑀲𑀼𑀕 (suga), 𑀲𑀼𑀓 (suka) (see there for further descendants)

Pali: suka

Borrowed terms

→ Bhojpuri:

desc

Devanagari script: (semi-learned) सूगा (sūgā), सुग्गा (suggā)

Kaithi script: (semi-learned) 𑂮𑂴𑂏𑂰 (sūgā), 𑂮𑂳𑂏𑂹𑂏𑂰 (suggā)

→ Bengali: শুক (śuk)

→ Hindi: शुक (śuk), (semi-learned) सुग्गा (suggā)

→ Kannada: ಶುಕ (śuka)

→ Magahi:

Devanagari script: (semi-learned) सुग्गा (suggā)

Kaithi script: (semi-learned) 𑂮𑂳𑂏𑂹𑂏𑂰 (suggā)

→ Malayalam: ശുകം (śukaṁ)

→ Odia: ଶୁକ (śuka)

→ Punjabi: ਸ਼ੁਕ (śuk)

→ Telugu: శుకము (śukamu)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱewk-der.?
Sanskrit शुक (śuka)
Uncertain.
Probably named for its ability to speak, derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćawk- (“to call”) (compare the palatalised Proto-Iranian *cawč-), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewk-; ultimately onomatopoeic. Cognate with Late Khotanese [script needed] (sūch-, “to call”), Younger Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀 (saocaiia, “mockery”), Lithuanian šaũkti (“to shout”), Latvian saukt (“to call”), Tocharian B śauśä (“calls”).
Grassmann and Monier-Williams instead derive it from the root शुच् (śuc, “to purify”), believing the bird to be named for its bright colour; this is phonologically sound (indeed, the Indo-European root is formally identical for both terms) but rejected by Mayrhofer due to the differing semantics of the Khotanese cognate. Pokorny instead relates this word to Proto-Indo-European *kū-, but this is phonologically difficult since the initial consonant would need to undergo palatalisation but no *-e- can be reconstructed for this word nor is analogy to a verb form likely since none is attested.

cog

शुके॑षु मे हरि॒माणं॑ रोप॒णाका॑सु दध्मसि
अथो॑ हारिद्र॒वेषु॑ मे हरि॒माणं॒ नि द॑ध्मसि
śúkeṣu me harimā́ṇaṃ ropaṇā́kāsu dadhmasi
atho hāridravéṣu me harimā́ṇaṃ ní dadhmasi
1890 translation by Ralph T. H. Griffith
To parrots and to starlings let us give away my yellowness,

Or this my yellowness let us transfer to Haritâla trees.


शुक

śúka (romanization)
शुकम् (nominative singular)
शुके (dual nominative)
शुकानि (nominative plural)
शुका1 (nominative plural)
शुक (singular vocative)
शुके (dual vocative)
शुकानि (plural vocative)
शुका1 (plural vocative)
शुकम् (accusative singular)
शुके (accusative dual)
शुकानि (accusative plural)
शुका1 (accusative plural)
शुकेन (instrumental singular)
शुकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शुकैः (instrumental plural)
शुकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शुकाय (dative singular)
शुकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शुकेभ्यः (dative plural)
शुकात् (ablative singular)
शुकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शुकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शुकस्य (genitive singular)
शुकयोः (dual genitive)
शुकानाम् (genitive plural)
शुके (locative singular)
शुकयोः (dual locative)
शुकेषु (locative plural)

ग्रन्थिपर्णं शुकं बर्हं पुष्पं स्थौणेयकुक्कुरे

c. 400 CE – 700 CE, Amarasiṃha, Amarakośa 2.181.1

granthiparṇaṃ śukaṃ barhaṃ puṣpaṃ sthauṇeyakukkure

Albizia lebbeck
Albizia lebbeck#Translingual

name of several plants
siris, lebbek tree, Albizia lebbeck

name of several plants
shrub of the species Ziziphus oenopolia


चातक

cātaka (romanization)
चातकः (nominative singular)
चातकौ (dual nominative)
चातकाः (nominative plural)
चातक (singular vocative)
चातकौ (dual vocative)
चातकाः (plural vocative)
चातकम् (accusative singular)
चातकौ (accusative dual)
चातकान् (accusative plural)
चातकेन (instrumental singular)
चातकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चातकैः (instrumental plural)
चातकाय (dative singular)
चातकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
चातकेभ्यः (dative plural)
चातकात् (ablative singular)
चातकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चातकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
चातकस्य (genitive singular)
चातकयोः (dual genitive)
चातकानाम् (genitive plural)
चातके (locative singular)
चातकयोः (dual locative)
चातकेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of चातक

From a diminutive of Proto-Indo-European *kʷoḱt- (see also Latin co(c)turnīx, Lithuanian vaštaka), metathesis of *u̯ortokʷ- (“quail”).

Clamator jacobinus
Clamator jacobinus#Translingual

Jacobin cuckoo, Clamator jacobinus (Śak., Ragh., Megh., etc.)


चकोर

cakora (romanization)
चकोरः (nominative singular)
चकोरौ (dual nominative)
चकोराः (nominative plural)
चकोर (singular vocative)
चकोरौ (dual vocative)
चकोराः (plural vocative)
चकोरम् (accusative singular)
चकोरौ (accusative dual)
चकोरान् (accusative plural)
चकोरेन (instrumental singular)
चकोराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चकोरैः (instrumental plural)
चकोराय (dative singular)
चकोराभ्याम् (dative dual)
चकोरेभ्यः (dative plural)
चकोरात् (ablative singular)
चकोराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चकोरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
चकोरस्य (genitive singular)
चकोरयोः (dual genitive)
चकोरानाम् (genitive plural)
चकोरे (locative singular)
चकोरयोः (dual locative)
चकोरेषु (locative plural)

Masculine a-stem declension of चकोर

Pali: cakora

→ Chinese: 鷓鴣 /鹧鸪 (zhègū)

the Greek partridge (Perdix rufa) fabled to subsist on moon beams


कीर

kīra (romanization)
कीरः (nominative singular)
कीरौ (dual nominative)
कीराः (nominative plural)
कीर (singular vocative)
कीरौ (dual vocative)
कीराः (plural vocative)
कीरम् (accusative singular)
कीरौ (accusative dual)
कीरान् (accusative plural)
कीरेन (instrumental singular)
कीराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कीरैः (instrumental plural)
कीराय (dative singular)
कीराभ्याम् (dative dual)
कीरेभ्यः (dative plural)
कीरात् (ablative singular)
कीराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कीरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कीरस्य (genitive singular)
कीरयोः (dual genitive)
कीरानाम् (genitive plural)
कीरे (locative singular)
कीरयोः (dual locative)
कीरेषु (locative plural)

Masculine a-stem declension of कीर

→ Malayalam: കീരം (kīraṁ)

Sinhalese: කීර (kīra), ගිරවා (girawā)

→ Telugu: కీరము (kīramu)

Perhaps related to Old Tamil 𑀓𑀺𑀴𑀺 (kiḷi).


मयूर

sa-noun

मयूर • (mayū́ra) stem, m (feminine मयूरी)

mayū́ra (romanization)
मयूरी (feminine)
मयूरः (nominative singular)
मयूरौ (dual nominative)
मयूरा1 (dual nominative)
मयूराः (nominative plural)
मयूरासः1 (nominative plural)
मयूर (singular vocative)
मयूरौ (dual vocative)
मयूरा1 (dual vocative)
मयूराः (plural vocative)
मयूरासः1 (plural vocative)
मयूरम् (accusative singular)
मयूरौ (accusative dual)
मयूरा1 (accusative dual)
मयूरान् (accusative plural)
मयूरेण (instrumental singular)
मयूराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मयूरैः (instrumental plural)
मयूरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मयूराय (dative singular)
मयूराभ्याम् (dative dual)
मयूरेभ्यः (dative plural)
मयूरात् (ablative singular)
मयूराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मयूरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मयूरस्य (genitive singular)
मयूरयोः (dual genitive)
मयूराणाम् (genitive plural)
मयूरे (locative singular)
मयूरयोः (dual locative)
मयूरेषु (locative plural)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑁄𑀭 (mora)

Bagheli: मोरइला (morailā)

Bhojpuri: 𑂧𑂷𑂩 (mor), मोर (mōr)

desc

Ashokan Prakrit: [script needed] (majūla)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: مور (mōr)

Shina: مَیُون (mʌyū́n)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Early Assamese: মৈৰা (moira)

Assamese: ম’ৰা (möra)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Old Marathi: मोर (mora)

Marathi: मोर (mor)

Pali: mora

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਮੋਰ (mor) / مور (mor)

Sindhi: مورُ (moru)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑁄𑀭 (mora)

Old Gujarati:

Gujarati: મોર (mor)

Malvi: मोर (mor), मोर्यो (moryo)

Marwari: मोर (mor), मोरियौ (moriyau)

Mewari: मोर्यो (moryo)

Old Hindi: मोर (mora)

Hindi: मोर (mor)

Urdu: مور (mor)

→ Brahui: مور (mōr)

→ Pashto: مور (mor)

Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *mayVr (“peacock”).

David Neil MacKenzie
Nicholas Sims-Williams


काक

Dardic:

Gawar-Bati: کوٹو (káuṭɔ)

Indus Kohistani: qā

Kashmiri: کاو (kāv)

Khowar: کاغ (kaġ)

Pashayi:

Northwest Pashayi: kāīk, kaī

Shina: کاں (kā̃)

Kohistani Shina: کاہ (kāh)

Torwali: کک (kak)

Pali: kāka, kākī

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀬 (kāya), 𑀓𑀸𑀈 (kāī)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀕 (kāga)

Sauraseni Apabhramsa:

Old Hindi:

Hindustani:

Hindi: काग (kāg)

Urdu: کَاگ (kāg)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Early Assamese:

Assamese: কাউৰী (kauri), কোৱা (küa)

Sylheti: ꠇꠣꠃꠀ (xaua), ꠇꠣꠅꠅꠣ (xaooa)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Nepali: काग (kāg)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Lahnda: کاں (kā̃)

Punjabi: kā̃

Gurmukhi script: ਕਾਂ (kā̃)

Shahmukhi script: کاں (kāṉ)

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: kā̃

Arabic script: ڪَان

Devanagari script: कां

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ކާޅު (kāḷu), ކައުޅު (kauḷu)

Sinhalese: කා (kā)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀅 (kāa) (see there for further descendants)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀕 (kāga)

Gurjara Apabhramsa:

Old Gujarati:

Gujarati: કાગ (kāg), કાગડો (kāgḍo)

⇒ Prakrit: *𑀓𑀸𑀓-𑀉𑀓 (*kāka-uka)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit: *𑀓𑀸𑀕-𑀉𑀕 (*kāga-uga)

Sauraseni Apabhramsa:

Hindustani:

Hindi: कौआ (kauā)

Urdu: کَوّا (kavvā)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Bengali: কাউয়া (kauẏa)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: कउआ (kauā)

Odia: କାଉ (kāu)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Kumaoni: कव (kaw)

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: कौ (kau)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Lahnda: کاءں (kāũ)

Punjabi: ਕਂਉ (kãu), ਕਊਆ (kaūā), ਕਾਉਣੀ (kāuṇī)

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: kā̃ũ

Arabic script: ڪَاءُن

Devanagari script: काउं

Southern:

Maharastri Prakrit:

Marathi: काऊ (kāū)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: કાઉ (kāu)

⇒ Prakrit: *𑀓𑀸𑀓-𑀭 (*kāka-ra)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: কাউৰী (kauri)

⇒ Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀓𑀮 (kākala)

Southern:

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: kāvḷo

Devanagari script: कावळो

Kannada script: ಕಾವ್ಳೊ

Latin script: kavllo

Marathi: कावळा (kāvḷā)

Imitative, similar to Old High German kā (“crow, jackdaw”), Middle Low German kâ (“crow, jackdaw”) or Derived from Proto-Dravidian *kākkay.

onomatopoeic

Imitative

(onomatopoeia) (imitation of the cawing of the crow), a crow

(onomatopoeia) (imitation of the crowing of the rooster)


उलूक

úlūka (romanization)
उलूकः (nominative singular)
उलूकौ (dual nominative)
उलूका1 (dual nominative)
उलूकाः (nominative plural)
उलूकासः1 (nominative plural)
उलूक (singular vocative)
उलूकौ (dual vocative)
उलूका1 (dual vocative)
उलूकाः (plural vocative)
उलूकासः1 (plural vocative)
उलूकम् (accusative singular)
उलूकौ (accusative dual)
उलूका1 (accusative dual)
उलूकान् (accusative plural)
उलूकेन (instrumental singular)
उलूकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उलूकैः (instrumental plural)
उलूकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
उलूकाय (dative singular)
उलूकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
उलूकेभ्यः (dative plural)
उलूकात् (ablative singular)
उलूकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उलूकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उलूकस्य (genitive singular)
उलूकयोः (dual genitive)
उलूकानाम् (genitive plural)
उलूके (locative singular)
उलूकयोः (dual locative)
उलूकेषु (locative plural)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: উলূৱা ফেঁচা (ulua phẽsa)

Punjabi: ਉੱਲੂ (ullū)

→ Hindi: उलूक (ulūk)

→ Old Gujarati: उलूक (ulūka)

Pali: ulūka

→ Tocharian B: uluke

Possibly of imitative origin; cf. Latin ulucus, ulula (“owl”), Ancient Greek ὀλολύζω (ololúzō, “to cry out”). Alternatively, from an unattested compound *उरुह्क (uruhka, “broad-faced”), from उरु (uru, “wide”).


फिङ्गक

phiṅgaka (romanization)
फिङ्गकः (nominative singular)
फिङ्गकौ (dual nominative)
फिङ्गकाः (nominative plural)
फिङ्गक (singular vocative)
फिङ्गकौ (dual vocative)
फिङ्गकाः (plural vocative)
फिङ्गकम् (accusative singular)
फिङ्गकौ (accusative dual)
फिङ्गकान् (accusative plural)
फिङ्गकेन (instrumental singular)
फिङ्गकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
फिङ्गकैः (instrumental plural)
फिङ्गकाय (dative singular)
फिङ्गकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
फिङ्गकेभ्यः (dative plural)
फिङ्गकात् (ablative singular)
फिङ्गकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
फिङ्गकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
फिङ्गकस्य (genitive singular)
फिङ्गकयोः (dual genitive)
फिङ्गकानाम् (genitive plural)
फिङ्गके (locative singular)
फिङ्गकयोः (dual locative)
फिङ्गकेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of फिङ्गक

फिङ्गकाभ्याम्

फिङ्गकाभ्याम्

फिङ्गकाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

फिङ्गकाभ्याम्

फिङ्गकाभ्याम्

फिङ्गकाभ्याम्

Assamese: ফিঙা (phiṅa)

Hindi: फिंगा (phiṅgā)

Diminutive of *फिङ्ग (phiṅga), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pingos (“chaffinch”). Compare Ancient Greek σπίγγος (spíngos, “chaffinch”), Russian пе́нка (pénka, “wren”), Welsh pinc (“finch”), German Fink, Old English finċ (English finch).

cog

species of shrike; a small fork-tailed bird


श्येन

śyená (romanization)
श्येनः (nominative singular)
श्येनौ (dual nominative)
श्येना1 (dual nominative)
श्येनाः (nominative plural)
श्येनासः1 (nominative plural)
श्येन (singular vocative)
श्येनौ (dual vocative)
श्येना1 (dual vocative)
श्येनाः (plural vocative)
श्येनासः1 (plural vocative)
श्येनम् (accusative singular)
श्येनौ (accusative dual)
श्येना1 (accusative dual)
श्येनान् (accusative plural)
श्येनेन (instrumental singular)
श्येनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्येनैः (instrumental plural)
श्येनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
श्येनाय (dative singular)
श्येनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्येनेभ्यः (dative plural)
श्येनात् (ablative singular)
श्येनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्येनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्येनस्य (genitive singular)
श्येनयोः (dual genitive)
श्येनानाम् (genitive plural)
श्येने (locative singular)
श्येनयोः (dual locative)
श्येनेषु (locative plural)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: শেন (xen)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑁂𑀡 (seṇa)

Pali: sena

→ Telugu: శ్యేనము (śyēnamu)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćyaynás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱy-ey-nó-s ~ *ḱyeh₁-inó-s (“bird of prey”), probably ultimately related to *(s)ḱeh₃- (“shade, hue”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀 (saēna, “raptor; a mythical bird”), Middle Persian syn-mwlw (/Sēn-murw/), Old Armenian ցին (cʻin, “kite”) and probably Ancient Greek ἴκτινος (íktinos, “kite”).

वृ॒ष॒ण॒श्वेन॑ मरुतो॒ वृष॑प्सुना॒ रथे॑न॒ वृष॑नाभिना।
आ श्ये॒नासो॒ न प॒क्षिणो॒ वृथा॑ नरो ह॒व्या नो॑ वी॒तये॑ गत॥
vṛṣaṇaśvéna maruto vṛ́ṣapsunā ráthena vṛ́ṣanābhinā.

Come hither, O ye Maruts, on your strong horsed car, solid in look, with solid naves.
Lightly like winged falcons, O ye Heroes, come, come to enjoy our offerings.

ā́ śyenā́so ná pakṣíṇo vṛ́thā naro havyā́ no vītáye gata.

अग्नि अग्नि#Sanskrit

(Vedic religion) The name of a divine hawk identified with अग्नि (agni) who ascends to the heavens for bringing सोम (soma) to earth


कोकिल

kokilá (romanization)
कोकिलः (nominative singular)
कोकिलौ (dual nominative)
कोकिला1 (dual nominative)
कोकिलाः (nominative plural)
कोकिलासः1 (nominative plural)
कोकिल (singular vocative)
कोकिलौ (dual vocative)
कोकिला1 (dual vocative)
कोकिलाः (plural vocative)
कोकिलासः1 (plural vocative)
कोकिलम् (accusative singular)
कोकिलौ (accusative dual)
कोकिला1 (accusative dual)
कोकिलान् (accusative plural)
कोकिलेन (instrumental singular)
कोकिलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कोकिलैः (instrumental plural)
कोकिलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कोकिलाय (dative singular)
कोकिलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कोकिलेभ्यः (dative plural)
कोकिलात् (ablative singular)
कोकिलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कोकिलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कोकिलस्य (genitive singular)
कोकिलयोः (dual genitive)
कोकिलानाम् (genitive plural)
कोकिले (locative singular)
कोकिलयोः (dual locative)
कोकिलेषु (locative plural)

Pali: kōkila

Prakrit: 𑀓𑁄𑀇𑀮 (koila), 𑀓𑁄𑀇𑀮𑀸 (koilā)

Central:

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:

Old Awadhi: कोइल (koila)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani: koyal

Hindi: कोयल (koyal)

Urdu: کویل (koyal)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: কুলি (kuli)

Middle Bengali: কুইল (kuil)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: कोइलि (kōili)

Maithili: कोइल (kōil), कोइलि (kōilɨ)

Odia: କୋଇଲି (koili)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: कोइलि (koili)

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: कोइल (koil)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: koil

Gurmukhi script: ਕੋਇਲ (koil)

Shahmukhi script: کویل (koil)

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: koila

Arabic script: ڪوءِلَ

Devanagari script: कोइल

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

desc

Dhivehi: ކޮވެލި (koveli), ކުނބޯލި (kuᵐbōli), ދިކޮއި (dikoi), ގޮވިލި (govili)

Sinhalese: කොවුලා (kowulā)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Marathi: कोईळ (koīḷ), कोईल (koīl), कोयाळ (koyāḷ)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: કોયલ (koyal), કોયલડી (koyalḍī)

→ Bengali: কোকিল (kōkil)

→ Santali: ᱠᱩᱭᱞᱤ (kuyli) (via some Indo-Aryan descendant)

→ Kannada: ಕೋಗಿಲೆ (kōgile)

→ Malayalam: കോകിലം (kōkilaṁ)

→ Tocharian B: kokīl (learned)

Of onomatopoeic origin, mimicking the male bird's mating cry. Compare Latin cucūlus, English cuckoo, Ancient Greek κόκκῡξ (kókkūx), Polish kukułka.


पेचक

pécaka (romanization)
पेचकः (nominative singular)
पेचकौ (dual nominative)
पेचका1 (dual nominative)
पेचकाः (nominative plural)
पेचकासः1 (nominative plural)
पेचक (singular vocative)
पेचकौ (dual vocative)
पेचका1 (dual vocative)
पेचकाः (plural vocative)
पेचकासः1 (plural vocative)
पेचकम् (accusative singular)
पेचकौ (accusative dual)
पेचका1 (accusative dual)
पेचकान् (accusative plural)
पेचकेन (instrumental singular)
पेचकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पेचकैः (instrumental plural)
पेचकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पेचकाय (dative singular)
पेचकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पेचकेभ्यः (dative plural)
पेचकात् (ablative singular)
पेचकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पेचकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पेचकस्य (genitive singular)
पेचकयोः (dual genitive)
पेचकानाम् (genitive plural)
पेचके (locative singular)
पेचकयोः (dual locative)
पेचकेषु (locative plural)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: ফেঁচা (phẽsa)

Bengali: প্যাঁচা (pễca), পেঁচা (pẽca)

Odia: ପେଚା (pecā)

Sylheti: ꠚꠦꠌꠣ (fésa)


ऋजिप्य

ṛjipyá (romanization)
ऋजिप्यः (nominative singular)
ऋजिप्यौ (dual nominative)
ऋजिप्या1 (dual nominative)
ऋजिप्याः (nominative plural)
ऋजिप्यासः1 (nominative plural)
ऋजिप्य (singular vocative)
ऋजिप्यौ (dual vocative)
ऋजिप्या1 (dual vocative)
ऋजिप्याः (plural vocative)
ऋजिप्यासः1 (plural vocative)
ऋजिप्यम् (accusative singular)
ऋजिप्यौ (accusative dual)
ऋजिप्या1 (accusative dual)
ऋजिप्यान् (accusative plural)
ऋजिप्येन (instrumental singular)
ऋजिप्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ऋजिप्यैः (instrumental plural)
ऋजिप्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ऋजिप्याय (dative singular)
ऋजिप्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
ऋजिप्येभ्यः (dative plural)
ऋजिप्यात् (ablative singular)
ऋजिप्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ऋजिप्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
ऋजिप्यस्य (genitive singular)
ऋजिप्ययोः (dual genitive)
ऋजिप्यानाम् (genitive plural)
ऋजिप्ये (locative singular)
ऋजिप्ययोः (dual locative)
ऋजिप्येषु (locative plural)
ऋजिप्या (nominative singular)
ऋजिप्ये (dual nominative)
ऋजिप्याः (nominative plural)
ऋजिप्ये (singular vocative)
ऋजिप्ये (dual vocative)
ऋजिप्याः (plural vocative)
ऋजिप्याम् (accusative singular)
ऋजिप्ये (accusative dual)
ऋजिप्याः (accusative plural)
ऋजिप्यया (instrumental singular)
ऋजिप्या1 (instrumental singular)
ऋजिप्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ऋजिप्याभिः (instrumental plural)
ऋजिप्यायै (dative singular)
ऋजिप्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
ऋजिप्याभ्यः (dative plural)
ऋजिप्यायाः (ablative singular)
ऋजिप्यायै2 (ablative singular)
ऋजिप्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ऋजिप्याभ्यः (ablative plural)
ऋजिप्यायाः (genitive singular)
ऋजिप्यायै2 (genitive singular)
ऋजिप्ययोः (dual genitive)
ऋजिप्यानाम् (genitive plural)
ऋजिप्यायाम् (locative singular)
ऋजिप्ययोः (dual locative)
ऋजिप्यासु (locative plural)
ऋजिप्यम् (nominative singular)
ऋजिप्ये (dual nominative)
ऋजिप्यानि (nominative plural)
ऋजिप्या1 (nominative plural)
ऋजिप्य (singular vocative)
ऋजिप्ये (dual vocative)
ऋजिप्यानि (plural vocative)
ऋजिप्या1 (plural vocative)
ऋजिप्यम् (accusative singular)
ऋजिप्ये (accusative dual)
ऋजिप्यानि (accusative plural)
ऋजिप्या1 (accusative plural)
ऋजिप्येन (instrumental singular)
ऋजिप्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ऋजिप्यैः (instrumental plural)
ऋजिप्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ऋजिप्याय (dative singular)
ऋजिप्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
ऋजिप्येभ्यः (dative plural)
ऋजिप्यात् (ablative singular)
ऋजिप्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ऋजिप्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
ऋजिप्यस्य (genitive singular)
ऋजिप्ययोः (dual genitive)
ऋजिप्यानाम् (genitive plural)
ऋजिप्ये (locative singular)
ऋजिप्ययोः (dual locative)
ऋजिप्येषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hr̥ȷ́ipyás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥ȷ́ipyás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂rǵ-i-pt-ió-s, from *h₂erǵ- (“white, glittering”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬌𐬟𐬌𐬌𐬀 (ər^əzifiia).

(substantive) something straight-flying, falcon


कीकि

kīki (romanization)
कीकिः (nominative singular)
कीकी (dual nominative)
कीकयः (nominative plural)
कीके (singular vocative)
कीकी (dual vocative)
कीकयः (plural vocative)
कीकिम् (accusative singular)
कीकी (accusative dual)
कीकीन् (accusative plural)
कीकिना (instrumental singular)
कीक्या1 (instrumental singular)
कीकिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कीकिभिः (instrumental plural)
कीकये (dative singular)
कीकिभ्याम् (dative dual)
कीकिभ्यः (dative plural)
कीकेः (ablative singular)
कीक्यः1 (ablative singular)
कीकिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कीकिभ्यः (ablative plural)
कीकेः (genitive singular)
कीक्यः1 (genitive singular)
कीक्योः (dual genitive)
कीकीनाम् (genitive plural)
कीकौ (locative singular)
कीका1 (locative singular)
कीक्योः (dual locative)
कीकिषु (locative plural)

Of imitative origin, see also Old English higora (“magpie”), Ancient Greek κίσσα (kíssa, “jaybird”).

onomatopoeic

imitative


किकि

kiki (romanization)
किकिः (nominative singular)
किकी (dual nominative)
किकयः (nominative plural)
किके (singular vocative)
किकी (dual vocative)
किकयः (plural vocative)
किकिम् (accusative singular)
किकी (accusative dual)
किकीन् (accusative plural)
किकिना (instrumental singular)
किक्या1 (instrumental singular)
किकिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
किकिभिः (instrumental plural)
किकये (dative singular)
किकिभ्याम् (dative dual)
किकिभ्यः (dative plural)
किकेः (ablative singular)
किक्यः1 (ablative singular)
किकिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
किकिभ्यः (ablative plural)
किकेः (genitive singular)
किक्यः1 (genitive singular)
किक्योः (dual genitive)
किकीनाम् (genitive plural)
किकौ (locative singular)
किका1 (locative singular)
किक्योः (dual locative)
किकिषु (locative plural)


जटायु

jaṭāyu (romanization)
जटायुः (nominative singular)
जटायू (dual nominative)
जटायवः (nominative plural)
जटायो (singular vocative)
जटायू (dual vocative)
जटायवः (plural vocative)
जटायुम् (accusative singular)
जटायू (accusative dual)
जटायून् (accusative plural)
जटायुना (instrumental singular)
जटाय्वा1 (instrumental singular)
जटायुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जटायुभिः (instrumental plural)
जटायवे (dative singular)
जटाय्वे1 (dative singular)
जटायुभ्याम् (dative dual)
जटायुभ्यः (dative plural)
जटायोः (ablative singular)
जटाय्वः1 (ablative singular)
जटायुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जटायुभ्यः (ablative plural)
जटायोः (genitive singular)
जटाय्वः1 (genitive singular)
जटाय्वोः (dual genitive)
जटायूनाम् (genitive plural)
जटायौ (locative singular)
जटाय्वोः (dual locative)
जटायुषु (locative plural)

/d͡ʑɐˈʈɑː.ju/

Gypaetus barbatus
Gypaetus barbatus#Translingual

bearded vulture, lammergeier, ossifrage (Gypaetus barbatus)


गृध्र

gṛ́dhra (romanization)
गृध्रः (nominative singular)
गृध्रौ (dual nominative)
गृध्रा1 (dual nominative)
गृध्राः (nominative plural)
गृध्रासः1 (nominative plural)
गृध्र (singular vocative)
गृध्रौ (dual vocative)
गृध्रा1 (dual vocative)
गृध्राः (plural vocative)
गृध्रासः1 (plural vocative)
गृध्रम् (accusative singular)
गृध्रौ (accusative dual)
गृध्रा1 (accusative dual)
गृध्रान् (accusative plural)
गृध्रेण (instrumental singular)
गृध्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गृध्रैः (instrumental plural)
गृध्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गृध्राय (dative singular)
गृध्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
गृध्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
गृध्रात् (ablative singular)
गृध्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गृध्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गृध्रस्य (genitive singular)
गृध्रयोः (dual genitive)
गृध्राणाम् (genitive plural)
गृध्रे (locative singular)
गृध्रयोः (dual locative)
गृध्रेषु (locative plural)

desc

Kashmiri: ग्रद् (grad, “vulture, eagle”)

desctree

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (giddha), *𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤 (*gidda) — reconstructed based on descendants
Gujarati: ગીધ (gīdh)
Hindustani: giddh
Hindi: गिद्ध
Urdu: گِدّھ (giddh)
Konkani: gīd
Devanagari script: गीद
Kannada script: ಗೀದ್
Latin script: gid
Maithili:
Devanagari script: गिद्ध (giddha), गीध (gīdh)
Tirhuta script: 𑒑𑒱𑒠𑓂𑒡 (giddha), 𑒑𑒲𑒡 (gīdha)
Old Marathi:
Devanagari script: गिध (gidha), गीद (gīda), गीध (gīdha)
Modi script: 𑘐𑘲𑘟 (gīda), 𑘐𑘲𑘠 (gīdha)
Odia: ଗୀଧ (gidha)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (giddha), *𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤 (*gidda) — reconstructed based on descendants
Gujarati: ગીધ (gīdh)
Hindustani: giddh
Hindi: गिद्ध
Urdu: گِدّھ (giddh)
Konkani: gīd
Devanagari script: गीद
Kannada script: ಗೀದ್
Latin script: gid
Maithili:
Devanagari script: गिद्ध (giddha), गीध (gīdh)
Tirhuta script: 𑒑𑒱𑒠𑓂𑒡 (giddha), 𑒑𑒲𑒡 (gīdha)
Old Marathi:
Devanagari script: गिध (gidha), गीद (gīda), गीध (gīdha)
Modi script: 𑘐𑘲𑘟 (gīda), 𑘐𑘲𑘠 (gīdha)
Odia: ଗୀଧ (gidha)

Paisaci Prakrit:

desc

Punjabi: ਗਿਰਝ (girjha), ਗਿੱਧ (giddha, “vulture”)

Pali: gaddha

→ Telugu: గద్ద (gadda), గ్రద్ద (gradda) (Sanskritized)

desctree

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (giddha), *𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤 (*gidda) — reconstructed based on descendants
Gujarati: ગીધ (gīdh)
Hindustani: giddh
Hindi: गिद्ध
Urdu: گِدّھ (giddh)
Konkani: gīd
Devanagari script: गीद
Kannada script: ಗೀದ್
Latin script: gid
Maithili:
Devanagari script: गिद्ध (giddha), गीध (gīdh)
Tirhuta script: 𑒑𑒱𑒠𑓂𑒡 (giddha), 𑒑𑒲𑒡 (gīdha)
Old Marathi:
Devanagari script: गिध (gidha), गीद (gīda), गीध (gīdha)
Modi script: 𑘐𑘲𑘟 (gīda), 𑘐𑘲𑘠 (gīdha)
Odia: ଗୀଧ (gidha)

→ Kannada: ಗೃಧ್ರ (gṛdhra)

→ Tamil: கிருத்திரம் (kiruttiram)

→ Hindi: गृध्र (gŕdhra) (learned)

Nominal derivative of the adjective गृध्र (gṛdhra, “greedy”) above. Literally meaning "the greedy one".

/ˈɡr̩d̪ʱ.ɾɐ/

उलू॑कयातुं शुशु॒लूक॑यातुं ज॒हि श्वया॑तुमु॒त कोक॑यातुम्।
सु॒प॒र्णया॑तुमु॒त गृध्र॑यातुं दृ॒षदे॑व॒ प्र मृ॑ण॒ रक्ष॑ इन्द्र॥
úlūkayātuṃ śuśulū́kayātuṃ jahí śváyātumutá kókayātum.

Destroy the demon disguised as an owl or owlet, destroy him disguised as dog or cuckoo.
Destroy him shaped as an eagle or as a vulture as with a stone, O Indra, crush the demon.

suparṇáyātumutá gṛ́dhrayātuṃ dṛṣádeva prá mṛṇa rákṣa indra.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā)


आण्ड

sa-noun

आ॒ण्ड • (āṇḍá) stem, m

आ॒ण्ड (canonical)
āṇḍá (romanization)
आण्डः (nominative singular)
आण्डौ (dual nominative)
आण्डा1 (dual nominative)
आण्डाः (nominative plural)
आण्डासः1 (nominative plural)
आण्ड (singular vocative)
आण्डौ (dual vocative)
आण्डा1 (dual vocative)
आण्डाः (plural vocative)
आण्डासः1 (plural vocative)
आण्डम् (accusative singular)
आण्डौ (accusative dual)
आण्डा1 (accusative dual)
आण्डान् (accusative plural)
आण्डेन (instrumental singular)
आण्डाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आण्डैः (instrumental plural)
आण्डेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
आण्डाय (dative singular)
आण्डाभ्याम् (dative dual)
आण्डेभ्यः (dative plural)
आण्डात् (ablative singular)
आण्डाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आण्डेभ्यः (ablative plural)
आण्डस्य (genitive singular)
आण्डयोः (dual genitive)
आण्डानाम् (genitive plural)
आण्डे (locative singular)
आण्डयोः (dual locative)
आण्डेषु (locative plural)

⇒ Sanskrit: अण्ड (aṇḍá) (later form) (see there for further descendants)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Aryan *āndrám
Sanskrit आ॒ण्ड (āṇḍá)
Uncertain. A late Vedic corruption of an earlier *आ॒न्द्र (āndrá), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *āndrám; compare Kalasha ónḍrak (“egg”).
Perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *en-dʰró-m, from *én (“in”), compare Proto-Slavic *ędro (“kernel”). Or perhaps related to Proto-Iranian *Hāwyám (“egg”) and reshaped under the influence of a substrate term, perhaps the origin for पिण्ड (piṇḍa, “lump”) and मण्डल (maṇḍala, “circle”), which also denote round things.
Per Kuiper, borrowed from Proto-Munda [Term?], compare Sora [script needed] (adre, “egg”), Kharia [script needed] (eṇḍá, “egg”); however, it is more likely that the Munda terms are Indo-Aryan loans.

etymon

आ॒ण्ड

बृहस्पतिरमत हि त्यदासां नाम स्वरीणां सदने गुहा यत् ।
आण्डेव भित्त्वा शकुनस्य गर्भमुदुस्रियाः पर्वतस्य त्मनाजत् ॥
bṛhaspatiramata hi tyadāsāṃ nāma svarīṇāṃ sadane guhā yat.
āṇḍeva bhittvā śakunasya garbhamudusriyāḥ parvatasya tmanājat.

And drove, himself, the bright kine from the mountain, like a bird's young after the egg's breaking.

That secret name borne by the lowing cattle within the cave Bṛhaspati discovered,

क्रोधो वृक्कौ मन्युर् आण्डौ प्रजा शेपः ॥

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 9.7.13

Wrath [represents] the kidneys, anger the testes, offspring the generative organ [of the Divine Bull].


मेधाविन्

medhāvín (romanization)
मेधावी (nominative singular)
मेधाविनौ (dual nominative)
मेधाविना1 (dual nominative)
मेधाविनः (nominative plural)
मेधाविन् (singular vocative)
मेधाविनौ (dual vocative)
मेधाविना1 (dual vocative)
मेधाविनः (plural vocative)
मेधाविनम् (accusative singular)
मेधाविनौ (accusative dual)
मेधाविना1 (accusative dual)
मेधाविनः (accusative plural)
मेधाविना (instrumental singular)
मेधाविभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मेधाविभिः (instrumental plural)
मेधाविने (dative singular)
मेधाविभ्याम् (dative dual)
मेधाविभ्यः (dative plural)
मेधाविनः (ablative singular)
मेधाविभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मेधाविभ्यः (ablative plural)
मेधाविनः (genitive singular)
मेधाविनोः (dual genitive)
मेधाविनाम् (genitive plural)
मेधाविनि (locative singular)
मेधाविनोः (dual locative)
मेधाविषु (locative plural)

/meːˈd̪ʱɑː.ʋin̪/

From मेधा (medhā́, “wisdom, intelligence, prudence”) + -विन् (-vin).


कुक्कुट

sa-noun

कुक्कुट • (kukkuṭá) stem, m (feminine कुक्कुटी)

kukkuṭá (romanization)
कुक्कुटी (feminine)
कुक्कुटः (nominative singular)
कुक्कुटौ (dual nominative)
कुक्कुटा1 (dual nominative)
कुक्कुटाः (nominative plural)
कुक्कुटासः1 (nominative plural)
कुक्कुट (singular vocative)
कुक्कुटौ (dual vocative)
कुक्कुटा1 (dual vocative)
कुक्कुटाः (plural vocative)
कुक्कुटासः1 (plural vocative)
कुक्कुटम् (accusative singular)
कुक्कुटौ (accusative dual)
कुक्कुटा1 (accusative dual)
कुक्कुटान् (accusative plural)
कुक्कुटेन (instrumental singular)
कुक्कुटाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कुक्कुटैः (instrumental plural)
कुक्कुटेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कुक्कुटाय (dative singular)
कुक्कुटाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कुक्कुटेभ्यः (dative plural)
कुक्कुटात् (ablative singular)
कुक्कुटाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कुक्कुटेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कुक्कुटस्य (genitive singular)
कुक्कुटयोः (dual genitive)
कुक्कुटानाम् (genitive plural)
कुक्कुटे (locative singular)
कुक्कुटयोः (dual locative)
कुक्कुटेषु (locative plural)

Niya Prakrit: 𐨐𐨂𐨐𐨂𐨜 (kukuḍa)

Pali: kukkuṭa

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀼𑀟 (kukkuḍa) (see there for further descendants)

→ Hindi: कुक्कुट (kukkuṭ)

→ Telugu: కుక్కుటము (kukkuṭamu)

Onomatopoeic; compare कुक्कुभ (kukkubha).

कुक्कुटोऽसि मधुजिह्व इषमूर्जमावद त्वया वयं संघातं संघातं जेष्म ।

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Śukla-Yajurveda (Vājasenayi Saṃhitā) 1.16.1

You, cock, sweet-tongued, invoke strength and vigour [by your cackle]; by you, we win battles.

kukkuṭoʼsi madhujihva iṣamūrjamāvada tvayā vayaṃ saṃghātaṃ saṃghātaṃ jeṣma.

ददर्श हरिशार्दूलो मयूरान् कुक्कुटांस्तथा ।
वराहवार्ध्राणसकान् दधिसौवर्चलायुतान् ॥
dadarśa hariśārdūlo mayūrān kukkuṭāṃstathā.

The best monkey saw the meat of peacocks, cocks, pigs and rhinos, mixed with curd and sochal salt.


कुरर

→ Tocharian B: kurār (learned)


अन्यवाप

anyavāpá (romanization)
अन्यवापः (nominative singular)
अन्यवापौ (dual nominative)
अन्यवापा1 (dual nominative)
अन्यवापाः (nominative plural)
अन्यवापासः1 (nominative plural)
अन्यवाप (singular vocative)
अन्यवापौ (dual vocative)
अन्यवापा1 (dual vocative)
अन्यवापाः (plural vocative)
अन्यवापासः1 (plural vocative)
अन्यवापम् (accusative singular)
अन्यवापौ (accusative dual)
अन्यवापा1 (accusative dual)
अन्यवापान् (accusative plural)
अन्यवापेन (instrumental singular)
अन्यवापाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अन्यवापैः (instrumental plural)
अन्यवापेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अन्यवापाय (dative singular)
अन्यवापाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अन्यवापेभ्यः (dative plural)
अन्यवापात् (ablative singular)
अन्यवापाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अन्यवापेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अन्यवापस्य (genitive singular)
अन्यवापयोः (dual genitive)
अन्यवापानाम् (genitive plural)
अन्यवापे (locative singular)
अन्यवापयोः (dual locative)
अन्यवापेषु (locative plural)

[ɐj̃.jɐ.ʋɑː.pɐ́]

/ɐn̪.jɐˈʋɑː.pɐ/

Compound of अन्य (anya, “other, someone else”) + वाप (vāpa, “sowing seeds; one who sows seeds”). Literally supposed to mean "One who sows its seeds [eggs] for others", referring to the cuckoo's habit of laying its eggs in other birds' nests.

com+

अ॒न्य॒वा॒पो॒ ऽर्धमा॒साना॒म् ऋश्यो॑ म॒यूरः॑ सुप॒र्णस् ते ग॑न्धर्वाणा॑म् अ॒पाम् उ॒द्रो मा॒सां क॒श्यपो॑ रो॒हित् कु॑ण्डृ॒णाची॑ गो॒लत्ति॑का ते॑ ऽप्स॒रसां॑ मृ॒त्यवे॑ ऽसि॒तः ॥
anyavāpo ʼrdhámāsā́nām ṛ́śyo mayū́raḥ suparṇás té gandharvāṇām apā́m udró māsā́ṃ kaśyápo rohít kuṇḍṛṇā́cī goláttikā te ʼpsarásāṃ mṛtyáve ʼsitáḥ.

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Śukla-Yajurveda (Vājasenayi Saṃhitā) 24.37

The cuckoo belongs to the Half Months; antelope, peacock, eagle, these are the Gandharvas’; the otter belongs to the Months; the tortoise, doe-antelope, iguana, Golathikâ belong to the Apsaras; the black snake belongs to Death.


पारावत

pārāvata (romanization)
पारावतः (nominative singular)
पारावतौ (dual nominative)
पारावता1 (dual nominative)
पारावताः (nominative plural)
पारावतासः1 (nominative plural)
पारावत (singular vocative)
पारावतौ (dual vocative)
पारावता1 (dual vocative)
पारावताः (plural vocative)
पारावतासः1 (plural vocative)
पारावतम् (accusative singular)
पारावतौ (accusative dual)
पारावता1 (accusative dual)
पारावतान् (accusative plural)
पारावतेन (instrumental singular)
पारावताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पारावतैः (instrumental plural)
पारावतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पारावताय (dative singular)
पारावताभ्याम् (dative dual)
पारावतेभ्यः (dative plural)
पारावतात् (ablative singular)
पारावताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पारावतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पारावतस्य (genitive singular)
पारावतयोः (dual genitive)
पारावतानाम् (genitive plural)
पारावते (locative singular)
पारावतयोः (dual locative)
पारावतेषु (locative plural)

Pali: pārāpata, pārēvata

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀯𑀬 (pārāvaya)

Central:

desc

Old Awadhi: परावा (parāvā), परेवा (parevā)

Hindustani:

Hindi: परेवा (parevā)

Urdu: پَریوا (parevā)

Eastern:

Assamese: পাৰোৱা (parüa)

Bengali: পায়রা (paẏora)

Maithili: परवा (parᵊvā)

Odia: ପାରା (pārā), ପାରିଆ (pāriā), ପାରୁଆ (pāruā)

Northern:

Nepali: परेवा (parewā)

Southern:

Konkani: pārvo

Devanagari script: पारवो

Latin script: parvo

Kannada script: ಪಾರ್ವೊ

Marathi: पारवा (pārvā)

Sinhalese: පරවියා (parawiyā)

Western:

Gujarati: પારેવો (pārevo)

Romani: Pelistro

Dravidian:

Tamil: புறா (puṟā)

Malayalam: മാടപ്രാവ് (māṭaprāvŭ)

Kannada: ಪಾರಿವಾಳ (pārivāḷa)

Telugu: పావురం (pāvuraṁ)

Austroasiatic:

Khmer: ព្រាប (priəp)

Santali: ᱯᱟᱨᱣᱟ (parva)

Borrowings

→ Hindi: पारावत (pārāvat) (learned)

/pɑ́ː.ɾɑː.ʋɐ.tɐ/

/pɑːˈɾɑː.ʋɐ.t̪ɐ/