बालक

bālaka (romanization)
बालकः (nominative singular)
बालकौ (dual nominative)
बालका1 (dual nominative)
बालकाः (nominative plural)
बालकासः1 (nominative plural)
बालक (singular vocative)
बालकौ (dual vocative)
बालका1 (dual vocative)
बालकाः (plural vocative)
बालकासः1 (plural vocative)
बालकम् (accusative singular)
बालकौ (accusative dual)
बालका1 (accusative dual)
बालकान् (accusative plural)
बालकेन (instrumental singular)
बालकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बालकैः (instrumental plural)
बालकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
बालकाय (dative singular)
बालकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
बालकेभ्यः (dative plural)
बालकात् (ablative singular)
बालकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बालकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
बालकस्य (genitive singular)
बालकयोः (dual genitive)
बालकानाम् (genitive plural)
बालके (locative singular)
बालकयोः (dual locative)
बालकेषु (locative plural)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀩𑀸𑀮𑀅 (bālaa)

Paisaci Prakrit: 𑀧𑀸𑀴𑀓 (pāḷaka)

Pali: bālaka

→ Bengali: বালক (balok)

→ Gujarati: બાળક (bāḷka)

→ Hindi: बालक (bālak)

→ Marathi: बालक (bālak)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਬਾਲਕ (bālak)

Shahmukhi script: بالَک (bālak)

→ Tamil: பாலகன் (pālakaṉ)

desc

⇒ Telugu: బాలకుండు (bālakuṇḍu), బాలకుడు (bālakuḍu)

From बाल (bāla) + -क (-ka, diminutive suffix).


चातक

cātaka (romanization)
चातकः (nominative singular)
चातकौ (dual nominative)
चातकाः (nominative plural)
चातक (singular vocative)
चातकौ (dual vocative)
चातकाः (plural vocative)
चातकम् (accusative singular)
चातकौ (accusative dual)
चातकान् (accusative plural)
चातकेन (instrumental singular)
चातकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चातकैः (instrumental plural)
चातकाय (dative singular)
चातकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
चातकेभ्यः (dative plural)
चातकात् (ablative singular)
चातकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चातकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
चातकस्य (genitive singular)
चातकयोः (dual genitive)
चातकानाम् (genitive plural)
चातके (locative singular)
चातकयोः (dual locative)
चातकेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of चातक

From a diminutive of Proto-Indo-European *kʷoḱt- (see also Latin co(c)turnīx, Lithuanian vaštaka), metathesis of *u̯ortokʷ- (“quail”).

Clamator jacobinus
Clamator jacobinus#Translingual

Jacobin cuckoo, Clamator jacobinus (Śak., Ragh., Megh., etc.)


रसभ

rasabha (romanization)
रसभः (nominative singular)
रसभौ (dual nominative)
रसभाः (nominative plural)
रसभ (singular vocative)
रसभौ (dual vocative)
रसभाः (plural vocative)
रसभम् (accusative singular)
रसभौ (accusative dual)
रसभान् (accusative plural)
रसभेन (instrumental singular)
रसभाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रसभैः (instrumental plural)
रसभाय (dative singular)
रसभाभ्याम् (dative dual)
रसभेभ्यः (dative plural)
रसभात् (ablative singular)
रसभाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रसभेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रसभस्य (genitive singular)
रसभयोः (dual genitive)
रसभानाम् (genitive plural)
रसभे (locative singular)
रसभयोः (dual locative)
रसभेषु (locative plural)

Masculine a-stem declension of रसभ


कुक्कुर

kukkura (romanization)
कुक्कुरः (nominative singular)
कुक्कुरौ (dual nominative)
कुक्कुरा1 (dual nominative)
कुक्कुराः (nominative plural)
कुक्कुरासः1 (nominative plural)
कुक्कुर (singular vocative)
कुक्कुरौ (dual vocative)
कुक्कुरा1 (dual vocative)
कुक्कुराः (plural vocative)
कुक्कुरासः1 (plural vocative)
कुक्कुरम् (accusative singular)
कुक्कुरौ (accusative dual)
कुक्कुरा1 (accusative dual)
कुक्कुरान् (accusative plural)
कुक्कुरेण (instrumental singular)
कुक्कुराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कुक्कुरैः (instrumental plural)
कुक्कुरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कुक्कुराय (dative singular)
कुक्कुराभ्याम् (dative dual)
कुक्कुरेभ्यः (dative plural)
कुक्कुरात् (ablative singular)
कुक्कुराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कुक्कुरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कुक्कुरस्य (genitive singular)
कुक्कुरयोः (dual genitive)
कुक्कुराणाम् (genitive plural)
कुक्कुरे (locative singular)
कुक्कुरयोः (dual locative)
कुक्कुरेषु (locative plural)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: কুকুৰ (kukur)

Bengali: কুকুর (kukur)

Chakma: 𑄇𑄪𑄉𑄪𑄢𑄴 (kugur)

Maithili: कुकुर (kukur)

Odia: କୁକୁର (kukura)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਕੂਕਰ (kūkkar)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Awadhi: कूकर (kūkar)

Nepali: कुकुर (kukura)

→ Kannada: ಕುಕ್ಕುರ (kukkura)

→ Malayalam: കുക്കുരം (kukkuraṁ)

→ Telugu: కుర్కురము (kurkuramu)

Onomatopoeic. Compare Prakrit 𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (kutta).


हरित्

harít (romanization)
हरित् (nominative singular)
हरितौ (dual nominative)
हरिता1 (dual nominative)
हरितः (nominative plural)
हरित् (singular vocative)
हरितौ (dual vocative)
हरिता1 (dual vocative)
हरितः (plural vocative)
हरितम् (accusative singular)
हरितौ (accusative dual)
हरिता1 (accusative dual)
हरितः (accusative plural)
हरिता (instrumental singular)
हरिद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हरिद्भिः (instrumental plural)
हरिते (dative singular)
हरिद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
हरिद्भ्यः (dative plural)
हरितः (ablative singular)
हरिद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
हरिद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
हरितः (genitive singular)
हरितोः (dual genitive)
हरिताम् (genitive plural)
हरिति (locative singular)
हरितोः (dual locative)
हरित्सु (locative plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-
Proto-Indo-European *-is
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰárHiš
Sanskrit हरि (hari)
Sanskrit हरित् (harit)
From हरि (hári, “yellow, green”); see there for more.


कच्छप

kacchapa (romanization)
कच्छपः (nominative singular)
कच्छपौ (dual nominative)
कच्छपा1 (dual nominative)
कच्छपाः (nominative plural)
कच्छपासः1 (nominative plural)
कच्छप (singular vocative)
कच्छपौ (dual vocative)
कच्छपा1 (dual vocative)
कच्छपाः (plural vocative)
कच्छपासः1 (plural vocative)
कच्छपम् (accusative singular)
कच्छपौ (accusative dual)
कच्छपा1 (accusative dual)
कच्छपान् (accusative plural)
कच्छपेन (instrumental singular)
कच्छपाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कच्छपैः (instrumental plural)
कच्छपेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कच्छपाय (dative singular)
कच्छपाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कच्छपेभ्यः (dative plural)
कच्छपात् (ablative singular)
कच्छपाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कच्छपेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कच्छपस्य (genitive singular)
कच्छपयोः (dual genitive)
कच्छपानाम् (genitive plural)
कच्छपे (locative singular)
कच्छपयोः (dual locative)
कच्छपेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: کۆچُو (kocuv)

Pali: kacchapa

→ Lao: ກັດສະປະ (kat sa pa)

→ Thai: กัจฉปะ (gàt-chà-bpà)

desc

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀯 (kacchava), 𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀯𑀻 (kacchavī)

Central:

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:

Awadhi: कचुआ (kacuā)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀯 (kacchava)

⇒ Sauraseni Prakrit: *𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀯-𑀕 (*kacchava-ga)

Gurjara Apabhramsa:

Old Gujarati:

Gujarati: કાચબો (kācbo)

Malvi: काछबो (kāchbo)

Mewari: काछबो (kāchbo)

Sauraseni Apabhramsa:

Hindustani: kachuā, kachwā, kachuī, kachwī

Hindi: कछुआ, कछवा, कछुई, कछवी

Hindi: कछुआ, कछवा, कछुई, कछवी

Urdu: کَچُھوا (kachuā), کَچھْوَا (kachvā), کَچھُءَا, کَچھْوَا (kachvā)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀯 (kacchava)

Assamese: কাছ (kaso)

Bengali: কচ্ছপ (kocchop), কাছিম (kachim)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: कचुआ (kacuā)

Maithili: काचु (kācʉ)

Odia: କେଛୁ (kechu), କଇଛୋ (kaicho), କେଁଛୂ (kẽchu), କଇଁଛ (kaĩcha), କଇଁଚ (kaĩca), କଛିମ (kachima), କଚିମ (kacima)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Nepali: कछुवा (kachuwā)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: kacchū (“turtle”), kacchūkummā (“tortoise”)

Gurmukhi script: ਕੱਛੂ, ਕੱਛੂਕੁੰਮਾ

کَچّھُوکُمَّہ

Shahmukhi script: کَچّھُو, کَچّھُوکُمَّہ

Southern:

desctree

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀯 (kacchava)
Konkani: kā̃sav
Devanagari script: कांसव
Kannada script: ಕಾಂಸವ್
Latin script: kansov
Marathi: कासव (kāsav)

Konkani: kāsavu

Devanagari script: कासवु

Latin script: kasovu

Kannada script: ಕಾಸವು

Marathi: कासव (kāsav), कांसव (kāusav)

desc

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀪 (kacchabha), 𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀳 (kacchaha)

Central:

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀪 (kacchabha)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: কাছ (kas)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ކަހަނބު (kahaᵐbu)

Sinhalese: කැසුඹු (kæsuᵐbu), කැසුබු (kæsubu)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: કાચબો (kācbo), કાચબી (kācbī)

/ˈkɐt̪.t͡ɕʰɐ.pɐ/

[ˈkɐt̪̚.t͡ɕʰɐ.pɐ]

From earlier कश्यप (kaśyápa), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kaćyápas. Cognate with Persian کشف (kašaf, “tortoise”) and Khotanese khuysaa- (“tortoise, frog”).


चतुर

catura (romanization)
चतुरः (nominative singular)
चतुरौ (dual nominative)
चतुरा1 (dual nominative)
चतुराः (nominative plural)
चतुरासः1 (nominative plural)
चतुर (singular vocative)
चतुरौ (dual vocative)
चतुरा1 (dual vocative)
चतुराः (plural vocative)
चतुरासः1 (plural vocative)
चतुरम् (accusative singular)
चतुरौ (accusative dual)
चतुरा1 (accusative dual)
चतुरान् (accusative plural)
चतुरेण (instrumental singular)
चतुराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चतुरैः (instrumental plural)
चतुरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
चतुराय (dative singular)
चतुराभ्याम् (dative dual)
चतुरेभ्यः (dative plural)
चतुरात् (ablative singular)
चतुराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चतुरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
चतुरस्य (genitive singular)
चतुरयोः (dual genitive)
चतुराणाम् (genitive plural)
चतुरे (locative singular)
चतुरयोः (dual locative)
चतुरेषु (locative plural)

/ˈt͡ɕɐ.t̪u.ɾɐ/

Of unclear origin.
Traditionally derived from चतुर् (catur, “four”), with an interpretation of "having the four"; the four in question are folk-etymologically interpreted as the Vedas.
An alternative theory considers the word a Dravidian borrowing; compare Tamil சதுர் (catur, “ability, skill, dexterity”) and Telugu చదువు (caduvu, “to read, study”). In light of the exact phonetic and semantic match as well as the word's lack of attestation in Vedic, this derivation is quite likely. However, it is also possible that the Dravidian terms are borrowed from Indo-Aryan rather than the other way around.
The relation to words like चटुल (caṭula, “trembling, unsteady, fine”), चटु (caṭu, “kind or flattering words”), and चाटु (cāṭu, “pleasing words, flattery”) is unclear and uncertain.

cog

Labeo rohita, a fish of the carp family Cyprinidae, found in the Ganges river


चकोर

cakora (romanization)
चकोरः (nominative singular)
चकोरौ (dual nominative)
चकोराः (nominative plural)
चकोर (singular vocative)
चकोरौ (dual vocative)
चकोराः (plural vocative)
चकोरम् (accusative singular)
चकोरौ (accusative dual)
चकोरान् (accusative plural)
चकोरेन (instrumental singular)
चकोराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चकोरैः (instrumental plural)
चकोराय (dative singular)
चकोराभ्याम् (dative dual)
चकोरेभ्यः (dative plural)
चकोरात् (ablative singular)
चकोराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चकोरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
चकोरस्य (genitive singular)
चकोरयोः (dual genitive)
चकोरानाम् (genitive plural)
चकोरे (locative singular)
चकोरयोः (dual locative)
चकोरेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of चकोर

Pali: cakora

→ Chinese: 鷓鴣／鹧鸪 (zhègū)

the Greek partridge (Perdix rufa) fabled to subsist on moon beams


शेष

śeṣa (romanization)
शेषः (nominative singular)
शेषौ (dual nominative)
शेषा1 (dual nominative)
शेषाः (nominative plural)
शेषासः1 (nominative plural)
शेष (singular vocative)
शेषौ (dual vocative)
शेषा1 (dual vocative)
शेषाः (plural vocative)
शेषासः1 (plural vocative)
शेषम् (accusative singular)
शेषौ (accusative dual)
शेषा1 (accusative dual)
शेषान् (accusative plural)
शेषेण (instrumental singular)
शेषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शेषैः (instrumental plural)
शेषेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शेषाय (dative singular)
शेषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शेषेभ्यः (dative plural)
शेषात् (ablative singular)
शेषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शेषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शेषस्य (genitive singular)
शेषयोः (dual genitive)
शेषाणाम् (genitive plural)
शेषे (locative singular)
शेषयोः (dual locative)
शेषेषु (locative plural)
शेषम् (nominative singular)
शेषे (dual nominative)
शेषाणि (nominative plural)
शेषा1 (nominative plural)
शेष (singular vocative)
शेषे (dual vocative)
शेषाणि (plural vocative)
शेषा1 (plural vocative)
शेषम् (accusative singular)
शेषे (accusative dual)
शेषाणि (accusative plural)
शेषा1 (accusative plural)
शेषेण (instrumental singular)
शेषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शेषैः (instrumental plural)
शेषेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शेषाय (dative singular)
शेषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शेषेभ्यः (dative plural)
शेषात् (ablative singular)
शेषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शेषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शेषस्य (genitive singular)
शेषयोः (dual genitive)
शेषाणाम् (genitive plural)
शेषे (locative singular)
शेषयोः (dual locative)
शेषेषु (locative plural)

Pali: sesa

→ Hindi: शेष (śeṣ)

→ Malayalam: ശേഷം (śēṣaṁ)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śayṣ- (“to remain”). See शिष्ट (śiṣṭa) for more.


गन्धर्व

gandharvá (romanization)
गन्धर्वः (nominative singular)
गन्धर्वौ (dual nominative)
गन्धर्वा1 (dual nominative)
गन्धर्वाः (nominative plural)
गन्धर्वासः1 (nominative plural)
गन्धर्व (singular vocative)
गन्धर्वौ (dual vocative)
गन्धर्वा1 (dual vocative)
गन्धर्वाः (plural vocative)
गन्धर्वासः1 (plural vocative)
गन्धर्वम् (accusative singular)
गन्धर्वौ (accusative dual)
गन्धर्वा1 (accusative dual)
गन्धर्वान् (accusative plural)
गन्धर्वेण (instrumental singular)
गन्धर्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गन्धर्वैः (instrumental plural)
गन्धर्वेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गन्धर्वाय (dative singular)
गन्धर्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गन्धर्वेभ्यः (dative plural)
गन्धर्वात् (ablative singular)
गन्धर्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गन्धर्वेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गन्धर्वस्य (genitive singular)
गन्धर्वयोः (dual genitive)
गन्धर्वाणाम् (genitive plural)
गन्धर्वे (locative singular)
गन्धर्वयोः (dual locative)
गन्धर्वेषु (locative plural)

Pali: gandhabba

Prakrit: 𑀕𑀁𑀥𑀯𑁆𑀯 (gaṃdhavva)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: gandharwa
Javanese: ꦒꦤ꧀ꦢꦂꦮ (gandarwa)
→ Indonesian: gêndêruwo
→ Balinese: ᬕᬦ᭄ᬥᬃᬯ᭄ᬯ (gandarwa)

/ɡɐn.dʱɐɾ.ʋɐ́/

/ɡɐn̪ˈd̪ʱɐɾ.ʋɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *gandʰarwás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *g(ʰ)andʰarwás ~ *g(ʰ)andʰarbʰás, ultimately likely from a BMAC substrate. Cognate with Younger Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬧𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬡𐬀 (gaṇdər^əβa), 𐬔𐬀𐬧𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬡𐬀 (gaṇdar^əβa). Compare also Ancient Greek Κένταυρος (Kéntauros), to which it is often likened.


कीर

kīra (romanization)
कीरः (nominative singular)
कीरौ (dual nominative)
कीराः (nominative plural)
कीर (singular vocative)
कीरौ (dual vocative)
कीराः (plural vocative)
कीरम् (accusative singular)
कीरौ (accusative dual)
कीरान् (accusative plural)
कीरेन (instrumental singular)
कीराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कीरैः (instrumental plural)
कीराय (dative singular)
कीराभ्याम् (dative dual)
कीरेभ्यः (dative plural)
कीरात् (ablative singular)
कीराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कीरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कीरस्य (genitive singular)
कीरयोः (dual genitive)
कीरानाम् (genitive plural)
कीरे (locative singular)
कीरयोः (dual locative)
कीरेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of कीर

→ Malayalam: കീരം (kīraṁ)

Sinhalese: කීර (kīra), ගිරවා (girawā)

→ Telugu: కీరము (kīramu)

Perhaps related to Old Tamil 𑀓𑀺𑀴𑀺 (kiḷi).


अजगर

ajagará (romanization)
अजगरः (nominative singular)
अजगरौ (dual nominative)
अजगरा1 (dual nominative)
अजगराः (nominative plural)
अजगरासः1 (nominative plural)
अजगर (singular vocative)
अजगरौ (dual vocative)
अजगरा1 (dual vocative)
अजगराः (plural vocative)
अजगरासः1 (plural vocative)
अजगरम् (accusative singular)
अजगरौ (accusative dual)
अजगरा1 (accusative dual)
अजगरान् (accusative plural)
अजगरेण (instrumental singular)
अजगराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अजगरैः (instrumental plural)
अजगरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अजगराय (dative singular)
अजगराभ्याम् (dative dual)
अजगरेभ्यः (dative plural)
अजगरात् (ablative singular)
अजगराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अजगरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अजगरस्य (genitive singular)
अजगरयोः (dual genitive)
अजगराणाम् (genitive plural)
अजगरे (locative singular)
अजगरयोः (dual locative)
अजगरेषु (locative plural)

Pali: ajagara

Prakrit: 𑀅𑀚𑀕𑀭 (ajagara), 𑀅𑀬𑀕𑀭 (ayagara)

Marathi: आर (ār)

→ Assamese: অজগৰ (ozogor)

→ Bengali: অজগর (ojogor)

→ Gujarati: અજગર (ajagar)

→ Hindi: अजगर (ajgar)

→ Konkani: अजगर (ajgar)

→ Marathi: अजगर (ajgar)

→ Telugu: అజగరము (ajagaramu)

/ɐ.d͡ʑɐ.ɡɐ.ɾɐ́/

/ˈɐ.d͡ʑɐ.ɡɐ.ɾɐ/

Compound of अज (aja, “goat”) + गर (gara, “swallowing; swallower”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷórh₃-o-s (“swallowing; swallower”). Compare Ancient Greek βόρος (bóros, “swallowing; a swallower”). Literally meaning "goat swallower".

cog

शिंशुमारा अजगराः पुरीकया जषा मत्स्या रजसा येभ्यो अस्यसि ।
न ते दूरं न परिष्ठास्ति ते भव सद्यः सर्वां परि पश्यसि भूमिं पूर्वस्माद्धंस्युत्तरस्मिन्त्समुद्रे ॥
śiṃśumā́rā ajagarā́ḥ purīkáyā jaṣā́ mátsyā rajasā́ yébhyo ásyasi.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 11.2.25

Porpoises, serpents, strange aquatic monsters, fishes, and things unclean at which thou shootest.
Nothing is far for thee, naught stops thee, Bhava! The whole earth in a moment thou surveyest. From the east sea thou smitest in the northern.

ná te dūráṃ ná pariṣṭhā́sti te bhava sadyáḥ sárvāṃ pári paśyasi bhū́miṃ pū́rvasmāddhaṃsyúttarasmintsamudré.


मीन

mīna (romanization)
मीनः (nominative singular)
मीनौ (dual nominative)
मीना1 (dual nominative)
मीनाः (nominative plural)
मीनासः1 (nominative plural)
मीन (singular vocative)
मीनौ (dual vocative)
मीना1 (dual vocative)
मीनाः (plural vocative)
मीनासः1 (plural vocative)
मीनम् (accusative singular)
मीनौ (accusative dual)
मीना1 (accusative dual)
मीनान् (accusative plural)
मीनेन (instrumental singular)
मीनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मीनैः (instrumental plural)
मीनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मीनाय (dative singular)
मीनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मीनेभ्यः (dative plural)
मीनात् (ablative singular)
मीनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मीनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मीनस्य (genitive singular)
मीनयोः (dual genitive)
मीनानाम् (genitive plural)
मीने (locative singular)
मीनयोः (dual locative)
मीनेषु (locative plural)

→ Burmese: မိန် (min)

→ Hindi: मीन (mīn)

Marathi: मीन (mīn)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: mīna
> Javanese: ꦩꦶꦤ (mina) (inherited)

Pali: mīna
→ Khmer: មីន (miin)
→ Thai: มีน (miin)

→ Khmer: មីនា (miinaa)

→ Telugu: మీనము (mīnamu)

→ Thai: มีน (miin)

Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *mīn; compare Tamil மீன் (mīṉ). Alternative derivations from Proto-Indo-European (compare Ancient Greek μαίνη (maínē, “blotched picarel”), English minnow, Russian мин (min, “burbot”), Latvian mitrs (“moist”)) are less likely.


दिव्य

divyá (romanization)
दिव्यम् (nominative singular)
दिव्ये (dual nominative)
दिव्यानि (nominative plural)
दिव्या1 (nominative plural)
दिव्य (singular vocative)
दिव्ये (dual vocative)
दिव्यानि (plural vocative)
दिव्या1 (plural vocative)
दिव्यम् (accusative singular)
दिव्ये (accusative dual)
दिव्यानि (accusative plural)
दिव्या1 (accusative plural)
दिव्येन (instrumental singular)
दिव्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दिव्यैः (instrumental plural)
दिव्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दिव्याय (dative singular)
दिव्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
दिव्येभ्यः (dative plural)
दिव्यात् (ablative singular)
दिव्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दिव्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
दिव्यस्य (genitive singular)
दिव्ययोः (dual genitive)
दिव्यानाम् (genitive plural)
दिव्ये (locative singular)
दिव्ययोः (dual locative)
दिव्येषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *diwyós (“heavenly, divine”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δῖος (dîos), Latin dīus.

inh

तण्डुल तण्डुल

ordeal (10 kinds, viz. तुला, अग्नि, जल, विष, कोश, तण्डुल, तप्त-माष, फाल, धर्माधर्म, तुलसी, compare ss.vv.) Yājñ. ii, 22, 95 Pañc. i, 450/451, 451, 452, etc.


पिपीलक

pipīlaka (romanization)
पिपीलकः (nominative singular)
पिपीलकौ (dual nominative)
पिपीलका1 (dual nominative)
पिपीलकाः (nominative plural)
पिपीलकासः1 (nominative plural)
पिपीलक (singular vocative)
पिपीलकौ (dual vocative)
पिपीलका1 (dual vocative)
पिपीलकाः (plural vocative)
पिपीलकासः1 (plural vocative)
पिपीलकम् (accusative singular)
पिपीलकौ (accusative dual)
पिपीलका1 (accusative dual)
पिपीलकान् (accusative plural)
पिपीलकेन (instrumental singular)
पिपीलकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पिपीलकैः (instrumental plural)
पिपीलकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पिपीलकाय (dative singular)
पिपीलकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पिपीलकेभ्यः (dative plural)
पिपीलकात् (ablative singular)
पिपीलकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पिपीलकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पिपीलकस्य (genitive singular)
पिपीलकयोः (dual genitive)
पिपीलकानाम् (genitive plural)
पिपीलके (locative singular)
पिपीलकयोः (dual locative)
पिपीलकेषु (locative plural)

From a compound of पिपील (pipīla, "ant") + -क (-ka, diminutive suffix).


हय

háya (romanization)
हयः (nominative singular)
हयौ (dual nominative)
हया1 (dual nominative)
हयाः (nominative plural)
हयासः1 (nominative plural)
हय (singular vocative)
हयौ (dual vocative)
हया1 (dual vocative)
हयाः (plural vocative)
हयासः1 (plural vocative)
हयम् (accusative singular)
हयौ (accusative dual)
हया1 (accusative dual)
हयान् (accusative plural)
हयेन (instrumental singular)
हयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हयैः (instrumental plural)
हयेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
हयाय (dative singular)
हयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
हयेभ्यः (dative plural)
हयात् (ablative singular)
हयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हयेभ्यः (ablative plural)
हयस्य (genitive singular)
हययोः (dual genitive)
हयानाम् (genitive plural)
हये (locative singular)
हययोः (dual locative)
हयेषु (locative plural)

→ Tamil: ஹயம் (hayam), Tamil: அயம் (ayam)

→ Telugu: హయము (hayamu)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰáyas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰáyas, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyos (“horse”). Cognate with Old Armenian ձի (ji, “horse”).


कूर्म

kūrma (romanization)
कूर्मः (nominative singular)
कूर्मौ (dual nominative)
कूर्मा1 (dual nominative)
कूर्माः (nominative plural)
कूर्मासः1 (nominative plural)
कूर्म (singular vocative)
कूर्मौ (dual vocative)
कूर्मा1 (dual vocative)
कूर्माः (plural vocative)
कूर्मासः1 (plural vocative)
कूर्मम् (accusative singular)
कूर्मौ (accusative dual)
कूर्मा1 (accusative dual)
कूर्मान् (accusative plural)
कूर्मेण (instrumental singular)
कूर्माभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कूर्मैः (instrumental plural)
कूर्मेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कूर्माय (dative singular)
कूर्माभ्याम् (dative dual)
कूर्मेभ्यः (dative plural)
कूर्मात् (ablative singular)
कूर्माभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कूर्मेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कूर्मस्य (genitive singular)
कूर्मयोः (dual genitive)
कूर्माणाम् (genitive plural)
कूर्मे (locative singular)
कूर्मयोः (dual locative)
कूर्मेषु (locative plural)

Pali: kumma

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫 (kumma)

desc

⇒ Punjabi: ਕੱਛੂਕੁੰਮਾ (kacchūkummā, “tortoise”)

→ Tamil: கூர்மம் (kūrmam) (learned)

→ Telugu: కూర్మము (kūrmamu) (learned)

Given the unusual word structure and the semantic domain, probably a substrate loanword. Might be from the same family of words relating to "curved objects" with a ku- prefix as कुम्भ "water pot, pot"; कुण्ड or कुण्डी"water pot, pot"; कुम्बीर "crocodile"; कश्यप "tortoise, turtle"; कुष्माण्ड "pumpkin"; कूप "well"; कुब्ज "humpbacked"; and कलश "pitcher".

the earth considered as a tortoise swimming on the waters

one of the outer winds of the body (causing the closing of the eyes)

मन्दर मन्दर#Sanskrit

(Hinduism) Vishnu's second incarnation (descent in the form of a tortoise to support the mountain मन्दर (mandara) at the churning of the ocean)


कुञ्जर

kuñjara (romanization)
कुञ्जरः (nominative singular)
कुञ्जरौ (dual nominative)
कुञ्जरा1 (dual nominative)
कुञ्जराः (nominative plural)
कुञ्जरासः1 (nominative plural)
कुञ्जर (singular vocative)
कुञ्जरौ (dual vocative)
कुञ्जरा1 (dual vocative)
कुञ्जराः (plural vocative)
कुञ्जरासः1 (plural vocative)
कुञ्जरम् (accusative singular)
कुञ्जरौ (accusative dual)
कुञ्जरा1 (accusative dual)
कुञ्जरान् (accusative plural)
कुञ्जरेण (instrumental singular)
कुञ्जराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कुञ्जरैः (instrumental plural)
कुञ्जरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कुञ्जराय (dative singular)
कुञ्जराभ्याम् (dative dual)
कुञ्जरेभ्यः (dative plural)
कुञ्जरात् (ablative singular)
कुञ्जराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कुञ्जरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कुञ्जरस्य (genitive singular)
कुञ्जरयोः (dual genitive)
कुञ्जराणाम् (genitive plural)
कुञ्जरे (locative singular)
कुञ्जरयोः (dual locative)
कुञ्जरेषु (locative plural)

Pali: kuñjara

→ Thai: กุญชร (gun-chɔɔn)

→ Telugu: కుంజరము (kuñjaramu)

/ˈkuɲ.d͡ʑɐ.ɾɐ/

अश्वत्थामा हतो, नरो वा कुञ्जरो वा

Ashwatthama has been slain, it could be either the human or the elephant


कर्कटक

karkaṭaka (romanization)
कर्कटकः (nominative singular)
कर्कटकौ (dual nominative)
कर्कटका1 (dual nominative)
कर्कटकाः (nominative plural)
कर्कटकासः1 (nominative plural)
कर्कटक (singular vocative)
कर्कटकौ (dual vocative)
कर्कटका1 (dual vocative)
कर्कटकाः (plural vocative)
कर्कटकासः1 (plural vocative)
कर्कटकम् (accusative singular)
कर्कटकौ (accusative dual)
कर्कटका1 (accusative dual)
कर्कटकान् (accusative plural)
कर्कटकेन (instrumental singular)
कर्कटकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कर्कटकैः (instrumental plural)
कर्कटकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कर्कटकाय (dative singular)
कर्कटकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कर्कटकेभ्यः (dative plural)
कर्कटकात् (ablative singular)
कर्कटकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कर्कटकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कर्कटकस्य (genitive singular)
कर्कटकयोः (dual genitive)
कर्कटकानाम् (genitive plural)
कर्कटके (locative singular)
कर्कटकयोः (dual locative)
कर्कटकेषु (locative plural)

→ Tamil: கடகம் (kaṭakam)

→ Telugu: కర్కాటకము (karkāṭakamu)


शिथिली

a kind of tawny-coloured ant (said to be a variety of the white ant)


मक्षिका

mákṣikā (romanization)
मक्षिका (nominative singular)
मक्षिके (dual nominative)
मक्षिकाः (nominative plural)
मक्षिके (singular vocative)
मक्षिके (dual vocative)
मक्षिकाः (plural vocative)
मक्षिकाम् (accusative singular)
मक्षिके (accusative dual)
मक्षिकाः (accusative plural)
मक्षिकया (instrumental singular)
मक्षिका1 (instrumental singular)
मक्षिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मक्षिकाभिः (instrumental plural)
मक्षिकायै (dative singular)
मक्षिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मक्षिकाभ्यः (dative plural)
मक्षिकायाः (ablative singular)
मक्षिकायै2 (ablative singular)
मक्षिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मक्षिकाभ्यः (ablative plural)
मक्षिकायाः (genitive singular)
मक्षिकायै2 (genitive singular)
मक्षिकयोः (dual genitive)
मक्षिकाणाम् (genitive plural)
मक्षिकायाम् (locative singular)
मक्षिकयोः (dual locative)
मक्षिकासु (locative plural)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: মাখি (makhi)

Bengali: মাছি (machi)

Odia: ମାଛି (māchi)

Sylheti: ꠝꠣꠌꠍꠤ (massí), ꠝꠣꠇ꠆ꠈꠤ (makkí)

Rohingya: masí

Pali: makkhikā

Maharastri Prakrit:

Old Marathi: 𑘦𑘰𑘭𑘲 (māsī)

Marathi: माशी (māśī)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: માખી (mākhī)

Hindustani:

Hindi: मक्खी (makkhī)

Urdu: مکھی (makkhī)

Punjabi: ਮੱਖੀ (makkhī) / مکھّی (makkhī)

Sindhi: مَکِ / मखि (makhi)

From an unattested *मक्षि (mákṣi, “fly”) (which is from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mákšiH, and is, by surface analysis, मक्ष् (makṣ) + -ई (-ī)) + -क (-ka). Compare Sanskrit मशक (maśaka, “gnat, mosqito, fly”).


मयूर

sa-noun

मयूर • (mayū́ra) stem, m (feminine मयूरी)

mayū́ra (romanization)
मयूरी (feminine)
मयूरः (nominative singular)
मयूरौ (dual nominative)
मयूरा1 (dual nominative)
मयूराः (nominative plural)
मयूरासः1 (nominative plural)
मयूर (singular vocative)
मयूरौ (dual vocative)
मयूरा1 (dual vocative)
मयूराः (plural vocative)
मयूरासः1 (plural vocative)
मयूरम् (accusative singular)
मयूरौ (accusative dual)
मयूरा1 (accusative dual)
मयूरान् (accusative plural)
मयूरेण (instrumental singular)
मयूराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मयूरैः (instrumental plural)
मयूरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मयूराय (dative singular)
मयूराभ्याम् (dative dual)
मयूरेभ्यः (dative plural)
मयूरात् (ablative singular)
मयूराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मयूरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मयूरस्य (genitive singular)
मयूरयोः (dual genitive)
मयूराणाम् (genitive plural)
मयूरे (locative singular)
मयूरयोः (dual locative)
मयूरेषु (locative plural)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑁄𑀭 (mora)

Bagheli: मोरइला (morailā)

Bhojpuri: 𑂧𑂷𑂩 (mor), मोर (mōr)

desc

Ashokan Prakrit: [script needed] (majūla)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: مور (mōr)

Shina: مَیُون (mʌyū́n)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Early Assamese: মৈৰা (moira)

Assamese: ম’ৰা (möra)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Old Marathi: मोर (mora)

Marathi: मोर (mor)

Pali: mora

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਮੋਰ (mor) / مور (mor)

Sindhi: مورُ (moru)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑁄𑀭 (mora)

Old Gujarati:

Gujarati: મોર (mor)

Malvi: मोर (mor), मोर्यो (moryo)

Marwari: मोर (mor), मोरियौ (moriyau)

Mewari: मोर्यो (moryo)

Old Hindi: मोर (mora)

Hindi: मोर (mor)

Urdu: مور (mor)

→ Brahui: مور (mōr)

→ Pashto: مور (mor)

Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *mayVr (“peacock”).

David Neil MacKenzie
Nicholas Sims-Williams


यूका

yūkā (romanization)
यूका (nominative singular)
यूके (dual nominative)
यूकाः (nominative plural)
यूके (singular vocative)
यूके (dual vocative)
यूकाः (plural vocative)
यूकाम् (accusative singular)
यूके (accusative dual)
यूकाः (accusative plural)
यूकया (instrumental singular)
यूका1 (instrumental singular)
यूकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यूकाभिः (instrumental plural)
यूकायै (dative singular)
यूकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
यूकाभ्यः (dative plural)
यूकायाः (ablative singular)
यूकायै2 (ablative singular)
यूकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यूकाभ्यः (ablative plural)
यूकायाः (genitive singular)
यूकायै2 (genitive singular)
यूकयोः (dual genitive)
यूकानाम् (genitive plural)
यूकायाम् (locative singular)
यूकयोः (dual locative)
यूकासु (locative plural)

Punjabi: جوں (joṉ)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀚𑀽𑀕𑀸 (jūgā)

Hindi: जूँ (jū̃)

Romani: ʒuv

Female variant of यूक (yūka), from Proto-Indo-European *lewH- (“louse”), see also Welsh llau.


खड्ग

khaḍga (romanization)
खड्गः (nominative singular)
खड्गौ (dual nominative)
खड्गा1 (dual nominative)
खड्गाः (nominative plural)
खड्गासः1 (nominative plural)
खड्ग (singular vocative)
खड्गौ (dual vocative)
खड्गा1 (dual vocative)
खड्गाः (plural vocative)
खड्गासः1 (plural vocative)
खड्गम् (accusative singular)
खड्गौ (accusative dual)
खड्गा1 (accusative dual)
खड्गान् (accusative plural)
खड्गेन (instrumental singular)
खड्गाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
खड्गैः (instrumental plural)
खड्गेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
खड्गाय (dative singular)
खड्गाभ्याम् (dative dual)
खड्गेभ्यः (dative plural)
खड्गात् (ablative singular)
खड्गाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
खड्गेभ्यः (ablative plural)
खड्गस्य (genitive singular)
खड्गयोः (dual genitive)
खड्गानाम् (genitive plural)
खड्गे (locative singular)
खड्गयोः (dual locative)
खड्गेषु (locative plural)

Assamese: খাগ (khag), খাণ্ডা (khanda)

Bengali: খড়গ (khôṛgo), খাঁড়া (khãṛa), খঞ্জর (khonjor)

Gujarati: ખડગ (khaḍag)

Hindi: खाँग (khāṅg), खंडा (khaṇḍā)

Kashmiri: خداخ (khaḍakh)

Romani: Xanro

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀔𑀕𑁆𑀕 (khagga)

Marathi: खंजीर (khañjīr)

Nepali: खाग् (khāg), खाँड़ो (khā̃ṛo)

Punjabi: ਖੰਡਾ (khaṇḍā), ਖੜਗ (khaṛag)

→ English: khanda

Pali: khagga

Sindhi: کَڙْڳُ

→ Early Assamese: খঙ্গ (khoṅgo)

Assamese: খং (khoṅ), খড়্গ (khorgo)

→ Chinese: 朅伽 (qièqié)

→ Malayalam: ഖൾഗം (khaḷgaṁ), ഖഡ്ഗം (khaḍgaṁ) — tatsama

→ Odia: ଖଡ୍ଗ (khaḍga)

→ Sinhalese: කගය (kagaya), ඛඩ්ගය (khaḍgaya)

→ Tamil: கட்கம் (kaṭkam), கண்டம் (kaṇṭam)

→ Telugu: కగ్గము (kaggamu), ఖడ్గము (khaḍgamu)

From the root खड् (khaḍ), variant of खण्ड् (khaṇḍ, “to divide, break apart”); see खण्ड (khaṇḍa, “portion, fragment, slice”) for further etymology.

खड्गरत्न

a sword of excellent quality (one of the 7 precious things of a king), Dharmas. 85

खड्गलता ― khaḍgalatā ― swordblade


शूर्पकर्ण

head

शूर्पकर्ण • (śūrpakarṇa)

शूर्प (śūrpa) + कर्ण (karṇa)

compound

शूर्प (śūrpa) + कर्ण (karṇa)


हेरम्ब

English: Heramba

Telugu: హేరంబుడు (hērambuḍu)


मूषिक

mūṣika (romanization)
मूषिकः (nominative singular)
मूषिकौ (dual nominative)
मूषिका1 (dual nominative)
मूषिकाः (nominative plural)
मूषिकासः1 (nominative plural)
मूषिक (singular vocative)
मूषिकौ (dual vocative)
मूषिका1 (dual vocative)
मूषिकाः (plural vocative)
मूषिकासः1 (plural vocative)
मूषिकम् (accusative singular)
मूषिकौ (accusative dual)
मूषिका1 (accusative dual)
मूषिकान् (accusative plural)
मूषिकेण (instrumental singular)
मूषिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मूषिकैः (instrumental plural)
मूषिकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मूषिकाय (dative singular)
मूषिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मूषिकेभ्यः (dative plural)
मूषिकात् (ablative singular)
मूषिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मूषिकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मूषिकस्य (genitive singular)
मूषिकयोः (dual genitive)
मूषिकाणाम् (genitive plural)
मूषिके (locative singular)
मूषिकयोः (dual locative)
मूषिकेषु (locative plural)

desc

→ Tamil: மூஷிகம் (mūṣikam), மூடிகம் (mūṭikam)

→ Telugu: మూషికము (mūṣikamu)


काक

Dardic:

Gawar-Bati: کوٹو (káuṭɔ)

Indus Kohistani: qā

Kashmiri: کاو (kāv)

Khowar: کاغ (kaġ)

Pashayi:

Northwest Pashayi: kāīk, kaī

Shina: کاں (kā̃)

Kohistani Shina: کاہ (kāh)

Torwali: کک (kak)

Pali: kāka, kākī

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀬 (kāya), 𑀓𑀸𑀈 (kāī)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀕 (kāga)

Sauraseni Apabhramsa:

Old Hindi:

Hindustani:

Hindi: काग (kāg)

Urdu: کَاگ (kāg)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Early Assamese:

Assamese: কাউৰী (kauri), কোৱা (küa)

Sylheti: ꠇꠣꠅꠅꠣ (xaooa)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Nepali: काग (kāg)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Lahnda: کاں (kā̃)

Punjabi: kā̃

Gurmukhi script: ਕਾਂ (kā̃)

Shahmukhi script: کاں (kāṉ)

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: kā̃

Arabic script: ڪَان

Devanagari script: कां

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ކާޅު (kāḷu), ކައުޅު (kauḷu)

Sinhalese: කා (kā)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀅 (kāa) (see there for further descendants)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀕 (kāga)

Gurjara Apabhramsa:

Old Gujarati:

Gujarati: કાગ (kāg), કાગડો (kāgḍo)

⇒ Prakrit: *𑀓𑀸𑀓-𑀉𑀓 (*kāka-uka)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit: *𑀓𑀸𑀕-𑀉𑀕 (*kāga-uga)

Sauraseni Apabhramsa:

Hindustani:

Hindi: कौआ (kauā)

Urdu: کَوّا (kavvā)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Bengali: কাউয়া (kauẏa)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: कउआ (kauā)

Odia: କାଉ (kāu)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Kumaoni: कव (kaw)

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: कौ (kau)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Lahnda: کاءں (kāũ)

Punjabi: ਕਂਉ (kãu), ਕਊਆ (kaūā), ਕਾਉਣੀ (kāuṇī)

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: kā̃ũ

Arabic script: ڪَاءُن

Devanagari script: काउं

Southern:

Maharastri Prakrit:

Marathi: काऊ (kāū)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: કાઉ (kāu)

⇒ Prakrit: *𑀓𑀸𑀓-𑀭 (*kāka-ra)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: কাউৰী (kauri)

⇒ Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀓𑀮 (kākala)

Southern:

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: kāvḷo

Devanagari script: कावळो

Kannada script: ಕಾವ್ಳೊ

Latin script: kavllo

Marathi: कावळा (kāvḷā)

Imitative, similar to Old High German kā (“crow, jackdaw”), Middle Low German kâ (“crow, jackdaw”) or Derived from Proto-Dravidian *kākkay.

onomatopoeic

Imitative


कीटक

Telugu: కీటకము (kīṭakamu)


घोट

desctree

⇒ Sanskrit: घोटक (ghoṭaka)
Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
Fiji Hindi: ghorra
Magadhi Prakrit:
Early Assamese: ঘোড়া (ghöṛa)
Assamese: ঘোঁৰা (ghü̃ra)
Bengali: ঘোড়া (ghōṛa)
Odia: ଘୋଡ଼ା (ghoṛā)
Rohingya: gúra
Sylheti: ꠊꠥꠠꠣ (gúṛa)
Maharastri Prakrit:
Konkani: घोडो (ghoḍô)
Old Marathi: 𑘑𑘻𑘚𑘳 (ghoḍu)
Marathi: घोडा (ghoḍā)
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀖𑁄𑀟𑀕 (ghoḍaga)
Gurjara Apabhramsa:
Old Gujarati:
Gujarati: ઘોડો (ghoḍo)
Marwari: घोड़ौ (ghoṛau)
Saurashtra: ꢕꣁꢞꣁ (ghoḍo)
Hindustani:
Hindi: घोड़ा (ghoṛā)
Urdu: گھوڑا (ghoṛā)
Nepali: घोडा (ghoḍā)
Punjabi: ਘੋੜਾ (ghoṛā) / گھوڑا (ghoṛā)
Romani: khuro
Sindhi: گهوڙو / घोड़ो (ghoṛo)
→ Old Javanese: kuda
> Javanese: ꦏꦸꦢ (kuda) (inherited)
>? Malay: kuda (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *kutiray (“horse”). Compare घुट् (ghuṭ).


उलूक

úlūka (romanization)
उलूकः (nominative singular)
उलूकौ (dual nominative)
उलूका1 (dual nominative)
उलूकाः (nominative plural)
उलूकासः1 (nominative plural)
उलूक (singular vocative)
उलूकौ (dual vocative)
उलूका1 (dual vocative)
उलूकाः (plural vocative)
उलूकासः1 (plural vocative)
उलूकम् (accusative singular)
उलूकौ (accusative dual)
उलूका1 (accusative dual)
उलूकान् (accusative plural)
उलूकेन (instrumental singular)
उलूकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उलूकैः (instrumental plural)
उलूकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
उलूकाय (dative singular)
उलूकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
उलूकेभ्यः (dative plural)
उलूकात् (ablative singular)
उलूकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उलूकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उलूकस्य (genitive singular)
उलूकयोः (dual genitive)
उलूकानाम् (genitive plural)
उलूके (locative singular)
उलूकयोः (dual locative)
उलूकेषु (locative plural)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: উলূৱা ফেঁচা (ulua phẽsa)

Punjabi: ਉੱਲੂ (ullū)

→ Hindi: उलूक (ulūk)

→ Old Gujarati: उलूक (ulūka)

Pali: ulūka

→ Tocharian B: uluke

Possibly of imitative origin; cf. Latin ulucus, ulula (“owl”), Ancient Greek ὀλολύζω (ololúzō, “to cry out”). Alternatively, from an unattested compound *उरुह्क (uruhka, “broad-faced”), from उरु (uru, “wide”).


उक्षन्

ukṣán (romanization)
उक्षा (nominative singular)
उक्षाणौ (dual nominative)
उक्षाणा1 (dual nominative)
उक्षणः (nominative plural)
उक्षन् (singular vocative)
उक्षाणौ (dual vocative)
उक्षाणा1 (dual vocative)
उक्षणः (plural vocative)
उक्षाणम् (accusative singular)
उक्षाणौ (accusative dual)
उक्षाणा1 (accusative dual)
उक्ष्णः (accusative plural)
उक्ष्णा (instrumental singular)
उक्षभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उक्षभिः (instrumental plural)
उक्ष्णे (dative singular)
उक्षभ्याम् (dative dual)
उक्षभ्यः (dative plural)
उक्ष्णः (ablative singular)
उक्षभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उक्षभ्यः (ablative plural)
उक्ष्णः (genitive singular)
उक्ष्णोः (dual genitive)
उक्ष्णाम् (genitive plural)
उक्ष्णि (locative singular)
उक्षणि (locative singular)
उक्षन्1 (locative singular)
उक्ष्णोः (dual locative)
उक्षसु (locative plural)

→ Telugu: ఉక్షము (ukṣamu)

→ Malayalam: ഉക്ഷം (ukṣaṁ)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *(H)ukšā́ (“bull, ox”), from Proto-Indo-European *(h₂)uksḗn (“bull, ox”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬎𐬑𐬱𐬁𐬥 (uxšān, “bull”), Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍃𐌰 (auhsa), Welsh ych (“ox”), Breton oc'hen, Old English oxa (whence English ox).

inh

उक्षा मिमाति प्रति यन्ति धेनवो देवस्य देवीरुप यन्ति निष्कृतम् ।

The Bull is bellowing; the Cows are coming nigh: the Goddesses approach the God's own resting-place.

ukṣā mimāti prati yanti dhenavo devasya devīrupa yanti niṣkṛtam.


बभ्रु

babhrú (romanization)
बभ्रुः (nominative singular)
बभ्रू (dual nominative)
बभ्रवः (nominative plural)
बभ्रो (singular vocative)
बभ्रू (dual vocative)
बभ्रवः (plural vocative)
बभ्रुम् (accusative singular)
बभ्रू (accusative dual)
बभ्रून् (accusative plural)
बभ्रुणा (instrumental singular)
बभ्र्वा1 (instrumental singular)
बभ्रुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बभ्रुभिः (instrumental plural)
बभ्रवे (dative singular)
बभ्रुभ्याम् (dative dual)
बभ्रुभ्यः (dative plural)
बभ्रोः (ablative singular)
बभ्रुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बभ्रुभ्यः (ablative plural)
बभ्रोः (genitive singular)
बभ्र्वोः (dual genitive)
बभ्रूणाम् (genitive plural)
बभ्रौ (locative singular)
बभ्र्वोः (dual locative)
बभ्रुषु (locative plural)
बभ्रूः (nominative singular)
बभ्र्वौ (dual nominative)
बभ्रू1 (dual nominative)
बभ्र्वः (nominative plural)
बभ्रूः1 (nominative plural)
बभ्रु (singular vocative)
बभ्र्वौ (dual vocative)
बभ्रू1 (dual vocative)
बभ्र्वः (plural vocative)
बभ्रूः1 (plural vocative)
बभ्रूम् (accusative singular)
बभ्र्वौ (accusative dual)
बभ्रू1 (accusative dual)
बभ्रूः (accusative plural)
बभ्र्वा (instrumental singular)
बभ्रूभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बभ्रूभिः (instrumental plural)
बभ्र्वै (dative singular)
बभ्रूभ्याम् (dative dual)
बभ्रूभ्यः (dative plural)
बभ्र्वाः (ablative singular)
बभ्र्वै2 (ablative singular)
बभ्रूभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बभ्रूभ्यः (ablative plural)
बभ्र्वाः (genitive singular)
बभ्र्वै2 (genitive singular)
बभ्र्वोः (dual genitive)
बभ्रूणाम् (genitive plural)
बभ्र्वाम् (locative singular)
बभ्र्वोः (dual locative)
बभ्रूषु (locative plural)
बभ्रु (nominative singular)
बभ्रुणी (dual nominative)
बभ्रूणि (nominative plural)
बभ्रु1 (nominative plural)
बभ्रू1 (nominative plural)
बभ्रु (singular vocative)
बभ्रो (singular vocative)
बभ्रुणी (dual vocative)
बभ्रूणि (plural vocative)
बभ्रु1 (plural vocative)
बभ्रू1 (plural vocative)
बभ्रु (accusative singular)
बभ्रुणी (accusative dual)
बभ्रूणि (accusative plural)
बभ्रु1 (accusative plural)
बभ्रू1 (accusative plural)
बभ्रुणा (instrumental singular)
बभ्र्वा1 (instrumental singular)
बभ्रुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बभ्रुभिः (instrumental plural)
बभ्रुणे (dative singular)
बभ्रवे1 (dative singular)
बभ्रुभ्याम् (dative dual)
बभ्रुभ्यः (dative plural)
बभ्रुणः (ablative singular)
बभ्रोः1 (ablative singular)
बभ्रुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बभ्रुभ्यः (ablative plural)
बभ्रुणः (genitive singular)
बभ्रोः1 (genitive singular)
बभ्रुणोः (dual genitive)
बभ्रूणाम् (genitive plural)
बभ्रुणि (locative singular)
बभ्रौ1 (locative singular)
बभ्रुणोः (dual locative)
बभ्रुषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰebʰrús (“brown”). See Etymology 2 for more.

ए॒ते अ॑सृग्रमा॒शवोऽति॒ ह्वरां॑सि ब॒भ्रव॑:।
सोमा॑ ऋ॒तस्य॒ धार॑या॥
eté asṛgramāśávóʼti hvárāṃsi babhráva:.
sómā ṛtásya dhā́rayā.

These swift-flowing tawny-coloured Soma juices, with a stream of water are let loose upon the rākṣasas.


फिङ्गक

phiṅgaka (romanization)
फिङ्गकः (nominative singular)
फिङ्गकौ (dual nominative)
फिङ्गकाः (nominative plural)
फिङ्गक (singular vocative)
फिङ्गकौ (dual vocative)
फिङ्गकाः (plural vocative)
फिङ्गकम् (accusative singular)
फिङ्गकौ (accusative dual)
फिङ्गकान् (accusative plural)
फिङ्गकेन (instrumental singular)
फिङ्गकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
फिङ्गकैः (instrumental plural)
फिङ्गकाय (dative singular)
फिङ्गकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
फिङ्गकेभ्यः (dative plural)
फिङ्गकात् (ablative singular)
फिङ्गकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
फिङ्गकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
फिङ्गकस्य (genitive singular)
फिङ्गकयोः (dual genitive)
फिङ्गकानाम् (genitive plural)
फिङ्गके (locative singular)
फिङ्गकयोः (dual locative)
फिङ्गकेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of फिङ्गक

फिङ्गकाभ्याम्

फिङ्गकाभ्याम्

फिङ्गकाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

फिङ्गकाभ्याम्

फिङ्गकाभ्याम्

फिङ्गकाभ्याम्

Assamese: ফিঙা (phiṅa)

Hindi: फिंगा (phiṅgā)

Diminutive of *फिङ्ग (phiṅga), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pingos (“chaffinch”). Compare Ancient Greek σπίγγος (spíngos, “chaffinch”), Russian пе́нка (pénka, “wren”), Welsh pinc (“finch”), German Fink, Old English finċ (English finch).

cog

species of shrike; a small fork-tailed bird


उष्ट्र

sa-noun

उष्ट्र • (úṣṭra) stem, m

úṣṭra (romanization)
उष्ट्रः (nominative singular)
उष्ट्रौ (dual nominative)
उष्ट्रा1 (dual nominative)
उष्ट्राः (nominative plural)
उष्ट्रासः1 (nominative plural)
उष्ट्र (singular vocative)
उष्ट्रौ (dual vocative)
उष्ट्रा1 (dual vocative)
उष्ट्राः (plural vocative)
उष्ट्रासः1 (plural vocative)
उष्ट्रम् (accusative singular)
उष्ट्रौ (accusative dual)
उष्ट्रा1 (accusative dual)
उष्ट्रान् (accusative plural)
उष्ट्रेण (instrumental singular)
उष्ट्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उष्ट्रैः (instrumental plural)
उष्ट्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
उष्ट्राय (dative singular)
उष्ट्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
उष्ट्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
उष्ट्रात् (ablative singular)
उष्ट्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उष्ट्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उष्ट्रस्य (genitive singular)
उष्ट्रयोः (dual genitive)
उष्ट्राणाम् (genitive plural)
उष्ट्रे (locative singular)
उष्ट्रयोः (dual locative)
उष्ट्रेषु (locative plural)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀉𑀝𑁆𑀝 (uṭṭa)

Dardic:

Kalasha: uṭ

Kashmiri: ووٗنٛٹ (vūnṭ)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: އޮށް (oṣ̊)

Sinhalese: ඔටුවා (oṭuwā)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: উট (ut)

Bengali: উট (uṭ)

Chakma: 𑄅𑄑𑄴 (uṭ), 𑄃𑄪𑄑𑄴 (uṭ)

Odia: ଓଟ (oṭa)

Sylheti: ꠃꠐ (uṭ)

desctree

< vṛddhi derivative <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">औष्ट्र</i> (auṣṭra)

Pali: oṭṭha (< vṛddhi derivative औष्ट्र (auṣṭra))
→ Lao: ອູດ (ʼūt)
→ Burmese: အုတ် (ut)
→ Khmer: អូដ្ឋ (ʼout) , ឩដ្ឋ (ʼout)
→ Thai: อูฐ (ùut)

Prakrit:

→ Burushaski: [script needed] (ūṭ)

→ Gondi: ఊటడ్ (ūṭaḍ)

→ Kannada: ಒಂಟೆ (oṇṭe)

→ Malayalam: ഒട്ടകം (oṭṭakaṁ)

→ Malay: unta

→ Indonesian: unta

→ Tamil: ஒட்டகம் (oṭṭakam)

→ Telugu: ఒంటె (oṇṭe)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀉𑀝𑁆𑀝 (uṭṭa), 𑀉𑀝𑁆𑀞 (uṭṭha)
Konkani: ओंटे (oṇṭe)
Marathi: उंट (uṇṭa)
Dhivehi: އޮށް (oṣ̊)

Marathi: उंट (uṇṭa)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀉𑀝𑁆𑀝 (uṭṭa)

Gujarati: ઊંટ (ū̃ṭa)

Hindustani:

Hindi: ऊँट (ū̃ṭ)

→ English: oont

desc

Urdu: اونٹ (ū̃ṭ)

Urdu: اونٹ (ū̃ṭ)

Nepali: उँट (ũṭ)

Punjabi: ਊਠ (ūṭha) / اوٹھ (ūṭh, ūṭhṭh)

Marwari: ओठारू (oṭhārū)

Sindhi: اُٺُ / उठु (uṭhu)

→ Bengali: উষ্ট্র (uśṭro)

→ Hindi: उष्ट्र (uṣṭra)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *úštras; see there for more. Cognate with Avestan 𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬭𐬀 (uštra), Old English ūr.

ऊँटान

Sauraseni Prakrit: uṭṭāhana (“Lord Hanumat”)

ऊँटसवार

Hindi: ऊँटवान (ū̃ṭ(a)vān, “Lord Hanuman”)


भुजङ्ग

bhujaṅga (romanization)
भुजङ्गः (nominative singular)
भुजङ्गौ (dual nominative)
भुजङ्गाः (nominative plural)
भुजङ्ग (singular vocative)
भुजङ्गौ (dual vocative)
भुजङ्गाः (plural vocative)
भुजङ्गम् (accusative singular)
भुजङ्गौ (accusative dual)
भुजङ्गान् (accusative plural)
भुजङ्गेन (instrumental singular)
भुजङ्गाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भुजङ्गैः (instrumental plural)
भुजङ्गाय (dative singular)
भुजङ्गाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भुजङ्गेभ्यः (dative plural)
भुजङ्गात् (ablative singular)
भुजङ्गाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भुजङ्गेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भुजङ्गस्य (genitive singular)
भुजङ्गयोः (dual genitive)
भुजङ्गानाम् (genitive plural)
भुजङ्गे (locative singular)
भुजङ्गयोः (dual locative)
भुजङ्गेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of भुजङ्ग

भुजङ्गाभ्याम्

भुजङ्गाभ्याम्

भुजङ्गाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

भुजङ्गाभ्याम्

भुजङ्गाभ्याम्

भुजङ्गाभ्याम्

Pali: bhujaṅga

→ Old Khmer: būjuṅa

Khmer: ភុជង្គ (phucngkɔɔ)

→ Thai: ภุชงค์ (pú-chong)

→ Hindi: भुजंग (bhujaṅg)

→ Tamil: புஜங்கம் (pujaṅkam)

/bʱu.d͡ʑɐŋ.ɡɐ/

/bʱuˈd͡ʑɐŋ.ɡɐ/

From the root भुज् (bhuj, “to bend”), similar to पतङ्ग (pataṅgá) from पत् (pat). Sometimes interpreted as भुज् (bhuj) + अङ्ग (aṅga, “body”).


श्येन

śyená (romanization)
श्येनः (nominative singular)
श्येनौ (dual nominative)
श्येना1 (dual nominative)
श्येनाः (nominative plural)
श्येनासः1 (nominative plural)
श्येन (singular vocative)
श्येनौ (dual vocative)
श्येना1 (dual vocative)
श्येनाः (plural vocative)
श्येनासः1 (plural vocative)
श्येनम् (accusative singular)
श्येनौ (accusative dual)
श्येना1 (accusative dual)
श्येनान् (accusative plural)
श्येनेन (instrumental singular)
श्येनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्येनैः (instrumental plural)
श्येनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
श्येनाय (dative singular)
श्येनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्येनेभ्यः (dative plural)
श्येनात् (ablative singular)
श्येनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्येनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्येनस्य (genitive singular)
श्येनयोः (dual genitive)
श्येनानाम् (genitive plural)
श्येने (locative singular)
श्येनयोः (dual locative)
श्येनेषु (locative plural)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: শেন (xen)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑁂𑀡 (seṇa)

Pali: sena

→ Telugu: శ్యేనము (śyēnamu)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćyaynás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱy-ey-nó-s ~ *ḱyeh₁-inó-s (“bird of prey”), probably ultimately related to *(s)ḱeh₃- (“shade, hue”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀 (saēna, “raptor; a mythical bird”), Middle Persian syn-mwlw (/Sēn-murw/), Old Armenian ցին (cʻin, “kite”) and probably Ancient Greek ἴκτινος (íktinos, “kite”).

cog

वृ॒ष॒ण॒श्वेन॑ मरुतो॒ वृष॑प्सुना॒ रथे॑न॒ वृष॑नाभिना।
आ श्ये॒नासो॒ न प॒क्षिणो॒ वृथा॑ नरो ह॒व्या नो॑ वी॒तये॑ गत॥
vṛṣaṇaśvéna maruto vṛ́ṣapsunā ráthena vṛ́ṣanābhinā.

Come hither, O ye Maruts, on your strong horsed car, solid in look, with solid naves.
Lightly like winged falcons, O ye Heroes, come, come to enjoy our offerings.

ā́ śyenā́so ná pakṣíṇo vṛ́thā naro havyā́ no vītáye gata.

अग्नि अग्नि#Sanskrit

(Vedic religion) The name of a divine hawk identified with अग्नि (agni) who ascends to the heavens for bringing सोम (soma) to earth


ऋश्य

ṛ́śya (romanization)
ऋश्यः (nominative singular)
ऋश्यौ (dual nominative)
ऋश्या1 (dual nominative)
ऋश्याः (nominative plural)
ऋश्यासः1 (nominative plural)
ऋश्य (singular vocative)
ऋश्यौ (dual vocative)
ऋश्या1 (dual vocative)
ऋश्याः (plural vocative)
ऋश्यासः1 (plural vocative)
ऋश्यम् (accusative singular)
ऋश्यौ (accusative dual)
ऋश्या1 (accusative dual)
ऋश्यान् (accusative plural)
ऋश्येन (instrumental singular)
ऋश्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ऋश्यैः (instrumental plural)
ऋश्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ऋश्याय (dative singular)
ऋश्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
ऋश्येभ्यः (dative plural)
ऋश्यात् (ablative singular)
ऋश्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ऋश्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
ऋश्यस्य (genitive singular)
ऋश्ययोः (dual genitive)
ऋश्यानाम् (genitive plural)
ऋश्ये (locative singular)
ऋश्ययोः (dual locative)
ऋश्येषु (locative plural)

⇒ Pali: issamiga

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ĺ̥-ḱ-yos (“horned wild animal”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἔλαφος (élaphos, “red deer”), Russian лось (losʹ, “elk”), English elk. Also compare ऋश (ṛśa).

cog

ऋश्यो॒ न तृष्य॑न्नव॒पान॒मा ग॑हि॒ पिबा॒ सोमं॒ वशाँ॒ अनु॑।
नि॒मेघ॑मानो मघवन्दि॒वेदि॑व॒ ओजि॑ष्ठं दधिषे॒ सहः॑॥
ṛ́śyo ná tṛ́ṣyannavapā́namā́ gahi píbā sómaṃ váśām̐ ánu.

Come like a thirsty antelope to the drinking-place: drink Soma to thy heart's desire.
Raining it down, O Maghavan, day after day, thou gainest thy surpassing might.

niméghamāno maghavandivédiva ójiṣṭhaṃ dadhiṣe sáhaḥ.

(Vedic) a stag, the male of a species of antelope


लोपाश

lopāśá (romanization)
laupāśá (Vedic)
लोपाशः (nominative singular)
लोपाशौ (dual nominative)
लोपाशा1 (dual nominative)
लोपाशाः (nominative plural)
लोपाशासः1 (nominative plural)
लोपाश (singular vocative)
लोपाशौ (dual vocative)
लोपाशा1 (dual vocative)
लोपाशाः (plural vocative)
लोपाशासः1 (plural vocative)
लोपाशम् (accusative singular)
लोपाशौ (accusative dual)
लोपाशा1 (accusative dual)
लोपाशान् (accusative plural)
लोपाशेन (instrumental singular)
लोपाशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
लोपाशैः (instrumental plural)
लोपाशेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
लोपाशाय (dative singular)
लोपाशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
लोपाशेभ्यः (dative plural)
लोपाशात् (ablative singular)
लोपाशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
लोपाशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
लोपाशस्य (genitive singular)
लोपाशयोः (dual genitive)
लोपाशानाम् (genitive plural)
लोपाशे (locative singular)
लोपाशयोः (dual locative)
लोपाशेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: لۆہ (loh)

/l̪oːˈpɑː.ɕɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *HlawpaHśás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HlawpaHćás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wl(o)p-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬞𐬌 (urupi), 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬞𐬌 (raopi), Latin vulpēs (“fox”), Ancient Greek ἀλώπηξ (alṓpēx), and Lithuanian lapė. Doublet of लोपाक (lopāka). Doublet of रूपका (rū́pakā).


मशक

maśaka (romanization)
मशकः (nominative singular)
मशकौ (dual nominative)
मशका1 (dual nominative)
मशकाः (nominative plural)
मशकासः1 (nominative plural)
मशक (singular vocative)
मशकौ (dual vocative)
मशका1 (dual vocative)
मशकाः (plural vocative)
मशकासः1 (plural vocative)
मशकम् (accusative singular)
मशकौ (accusative dual)
मशका1 (accusative dual)
मशकान् (accusative plural)
मशकेन (instrumental singular)
मशकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मशकैः (instrumental plural)
मशकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मशकाय (dative singular)
मशकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मशकेभ्यः (dative plural)
मशकात् (ablative singular)
मशकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मशकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मशकस्य (genitive singular)
मशकयोः (dual genitive)
मशकानाम् (genitive plural)
मशके (locative singular)
मशकयोः (dual locative)
मशकेषु (locative plural)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Early Assamese: মশ (mośo)

Assamese: মহ (moh)

Bengali: মশা (mośa)

Konkani: मूस (mūs)

Tamil: மசகம் (macakam), மசம் (macam)

→ Telugu: మశకము (maśakamu)

Metathesized from Proto-Indo-Aryan *makáśas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *makáćas.


जन्तु

jantú (romanization)
जन्तुः (nominative singular)
जन्तू (dual nominative)
जन्तवः (nominative plural)
जन्तो (singular vocative)
जन्तू (dual vocative)
जन्तवः (plural vocative)
जन्तुम् (accusative singular)
जन्तू (accusative dual)
जन्तून् (accusative plural)
जन्तुना (instrumental singular)
जन्त्वा1 (instrumental singular)
जन्तुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जन्तुभिः (instrumental plural)
जन्तवे (dative singular)
जन्तुभ्याम् (dative dual)
जन्तुभ्यः (dative plural)
जन्तोः (ablative singular)
जन्तुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जन्तुभ्यः (ablative plural)
जन्तोः (genitive singular)
जन्त्वोः (dual genitive)
जन्तूनाम् (genitive plural)
जन्तौ (locative singular)
जन्त्वोः (dual locative)
जन्तुषु (locative plural)

Marathi: जंत (janta)

→ Tamil: ஜந்து (jantu)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ĵantúṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́antúš, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to produce, give birth”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬥𐬙𐬎 (zantu).

der

insect, worm or any animal of the lowest order of classification


गर्दभ

gardabhá (romanization)
गर्दभः (nominative singular)
गर्दभौ (dual nominative)
गर्दभा1 (dual nominative)
गर्दभाः (nominative plural)
गर्दभासः1 (nominative plural)
गर्दभ (singular vocative)
गर्दभौ (dual vocative)
गर्दभा1 (dual vocative)
गर्दभाः (plural vocative)
गर्दभासः1 (plural vocative)
गर्दभम् (accusative singular)
गर्दभौ (accusative dual)
गर्दभा1 (accusative dual)
गर्दभान् (accusative plural)
गर्दभेन (instrumental singular)
गर्दभाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गर्दभैः (instrumental plural)
गर्दभेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गर्दभाय (dative singular)
गर्दभाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गर्दभेभ्यः (dative plural)
गर्दभात् (ablative singular)
गर्दभाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गर्दभेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गर्दभस्य (genitive singular)
गर्दभयोः (dual genitive)
गर्दभानाम् (genitive plural)
गर्दभे (locative singular)
गर्दभयोः (dual locative)
गर्दभेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Khowar: گوردوغ (gordóġ)

Pali: gadrabha

Prakrit: 𑀕𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀳 (gaddaha) (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Bengali: গর্দভ (gordobh), গর্ধভ (gordhobh) (semi-learned)

→ Telugu: గర్దభము (gardabhamu)

desctree

→? Proto-Tocharian: *kercäpā
Tocharian B: kercapo

/ɡɐɾ.dɐ.bʱɐ́/

/ˈɡɐɾ.d̪ɐ.bʱɐ/

Of unclear origin.
Perhaps a derivation from the possibly onomatopoeic root गर्द् (gard, “to cry”), with a suffix formed by analogy to the one in ऋषभ (ṛṣabha, “bull”).
An alternative theory considers the word as a Dravidian borrowing, formed as *गर्द (garda) + an Indo-European animal suffix *भ (bha) as seen in ऋषभ (ṛṣabha) above; compare Tamil கழுதை (kaḻutai), Kuvi ଗା୕ଡ଼୍ଦେ (gāṛde), Duruwa [script needed] (garad). However, the formal mismatch between the Dravidian and Sanskrit forms, the Sanskrit word's Vedic status, the gratuitous attachment of a bound suffix of supposed Indo-European origin to a loaned word, and the fact that donkeys were well-known to steppe tribes (including the Indo-Iranians), casts doubt on this derivation.
Possibly related to Tocharian B kercapo (“donkey”), perhaps via a borrowing from Sanskrit to Tocharian, though further details are uncertain.

cog

Kuvi ଗା୕ଡ଼୍ଦେ (gāṛde)

ಗಾರ್ದಭ

गार्दभ (gārdabha, “of or relating to a donkey”)


रोहित

róhita (romanization)
रोहितः (nominative singular)
रोहितौ (dual nominative)
रोहिता1 (dual nominative)
रोहिताः (nominative plural)
रोहितासः1 (nominative plural)
रोहित (singular vocative)
रोहितौ (dual vocative)
रोहिता1 (dual vocative)
रोहिताः (plural vocative)
रोहितासः1 (plural vocative)
रोहितम् (accusative singular)
रोहितौ (accusative dual)
रोहिता1 (accusative dual)
रोहितान् (accusative plural)
रोहितेन (instrumental singular)
रोहिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रोहितैः (instrumental plural)
रोहितेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
रोहिताय (dative singular)
रोहिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
रोहितेभ्यः (dative plural)
रोहितात् (ablative singular)
रोहिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रोहितेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रोहितस्य (genitive singular)
रोहितयोः (dual genitive)
रोहितानाम् (genitive plural)
रोहिते (locative singular)
रोहितयोः (dual locative)
रोहितेषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀭𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀅 (rohia)

Assamese: ৰৌ (rou)

Bengali: রুই (rui)

Bhojpuri: रोहू (rōhū)

Gujarati: રોહુ (rohu)

Hindi: रोहू (rohū), रेहू (rehū)

Marathi: रोही (rohī)

Odia: ରୋହି (rohi), ରୋଇ (roi), ରୁଇ (rui)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਰੋਹੂ (rohū)

Shahmukhi script: رہو (rohū)

Sylheti: ꠞꠃ (rou)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hráwdʰitas (“red”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬙𐬀 (raoⁱδita), English red. Also related to लोहित (lóhita), लोह (lohá) and रुधिर (rudhira, “red”).

पाठीनरोहिताव् आद्यौ नियुक्तौ हव्यकव्ययोः ।
राजीवान्सिंहतुण्डाश्च सशल्काश्चैव सर्वशः ॥
pāṭhīnarohitāv ādyau niyuktau havyakavyayoḥ.

But the Pathina fish and the Rohita fish may be eaten, if used for offerings to the gods or to the deceased ancestors; (one may eat) likewise Ragivas, Simhatundas, and Sasalkas on all (occasions).


कोकिल

kokilá (romanization)
कोकिलः (nominative singular)
कोकिलौ (dual nominative)
कोकिला1 (dual nominative)
कोकिलाः (nominative plural)
कोकिलासः1 (nominative plural)
कोकिल (singular vocative)
कोकिलौ (dual vocative)
कोकिला1 (dual vocative)
कोकिलाः (plural vocative)
कोकिलासः1 (plural vocative)
कोकिलम् (accusative singular)
कोकिलौ (accusative dual)
कोकिला1 (accusative dual)
कोकिलान् (accusative plural)
कोकिलेन (instrumental singular)
कोकिलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कोकिलैः (instrumental plural)
कोकिलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कोकिलाय (dative singular)
कोकिलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कोकिलेभ्यः (dative plural)
कोकिलात् (ablative singular)
कोकिलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कोकिलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कोकिलस्य (genitive singular)
कोकिलयोः (dual genitive)
कोकिलानाम् (genitive plural)
कोकिले (locative singular)
कोकिलयोः (dual locative)
कोकिलेषु (locative plural)

Pali: kōkila

Prakrit: 𑀓𑁄𑀇𑀮 (koila), 𑀓𑁄𑀇𑀮𑀸 (koilā)

Central:

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:

Old Awadhi: कोइल (koila)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani: koyal

Hindi: कोयल (koyal)

Urdu: کویل (koyal)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: কুলি (kuli)

Middle Bengali: কুইল (kuil)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: कोइलि (kōili)

Maithili: कोइल (kōil), कोइलि (kōilɨ)

Odia: କୋଇଲି (koili)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: कोइलि (koili)

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: कोइल (koil)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: koil

Gurmukhi script: ਕੋਇਲ (koil)

Shahmukhi script: کویل (koil)

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: koila

Arabic script: ڪوءِلَ

Devanagari script: कोइल

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

desc

Dhivehi: ކޮވެލި (koveli), ކުނބޯލި (kuᵐbōli), ދިކޮއި (dikoi), ގޮވިލި (govili)

Sinhalese: කොවුලා (kowulā)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Marathi: कोईळ (koīḷ), कोईल (koīl), कोयाळ (koyāḷ)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: કોયલ (koyal), કોયલડી (koyalḍī)

→ Bengali: কোকিল (kōkil)

→ Santali: ᱠᱩᱭᱞᱤ (kuyli) (via some Indo-Aryan descendant)

→ Kannada: ಕೋಗಿಲೆ (kōgile)

→ Malayalam: കോകിലം (kōkilaṁ)

→ Tocharian B: kokīl (learned)

Of onomatopoeic origin, mimicking the male bird's mating cry. Compare Latin cucūlus, English cuckoo, Ancient Greek κόκκῡξ (kókkūx), Polish kukułka.


वम्र

vamrá (romanization)
वम्रः (nominative singular)
वम्रौ (dual nominative)
वम्राः (nominative plural)
वम्र (singular vocative)
वम्रौ (dual vocative)
वम्राः (plural vocative)
वम्रम् (accusative singular)
वम्रौ (accusative dual)
वम्रान् (accusative plural)
वम्रेण (instrumental singular)
वम्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वम्रैः (instrumental plural)
वम्राय (dative singular)
वम्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
वम्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
वम्रात् (ablative singular)
वम्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वम्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वम्रस्य (genitive singular)
वम्रयोः (dual genitive)
वम्राणाम् (genitive plural)
वम्रे (locative singular)
वम्रयोः (dual locative)
वम्रेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of वम्र

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *wamrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *marwíš, *warmíš, *wamrás, from Proto-Indo-European *morwi-. Compare Latin formīca, Ancient Greek μύρμηξ (múrmēx), Old Church Slavonic мравии (mravii), Old Irish moirb, English mire (“ant (obsolete)”).


कश्यप

káśyapa (romanization)
कश्यपः (nominative singular)
कश्यपौ (dual nominative)
कश्यपा1 (dual nominative)
कश्यपाः (nominative plural)
कश्यपासः1 (nominative plural)
कश्यप (singular vocative)
कश्यपौ (dual vocative)
कश्यपा1 (dual vocative)
कश्यपाः (plural vocative)
कश्यपासः1 (plural vocative)
कश्यपम् (accusative singular)
कश्यपौ (accusative dual)
कश्यपा1 (accusative dual)
कश्यपान् (accusative plural)
कश्यपेन (instrumental singular)
कश्यपाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कश्यपैः (instrumental plural)
कश्यपेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कश्यपाय (dative singular)
कश्यपाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कश्यपेभ्यः (dative plural)
कश्यपात् (ablative singular)
कश्यपाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कश्यपेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कश्यपस्य (genitive singular)
कश्यपयोः (dual genitive)
कश्यपानाम् (genitive plural)
कश्यपे (locative singular)
कश्यपयोः (dual locative)
कश्यपेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kaćyápas (“turtle, tortoise”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬯𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬞𐬀 (kasiiapa), Sogdian [script needed] (kyšph), Khotanese [script needed] (khuysaa), Persian کشف (kašaf, “turtle, tortoise”). Related to कच्छप (kacchapa), a later formation.

inh

ऋषे॑ मन्त्र॒कृतां॒ स्तोमै॒: कश्य॑पउद्व॒र्धय॒न्गिर॑:।
सोमं॑ नमस्य॒ राजा॑नं॒ यो ज॒ज्ञे वी॒रुधां॒ पति॒रिन्द्रा॑येन्दो॒ परि॑ स्रव॥
ṛ́ṣe mantrakṛ́tāṃ stómai: káśyapaudvardháyangíra:.
sómaṃ namasya rā́jānaṃ yó jajñé vīrúdhāṃ pátiríndrāyendo pári srava.

Ṛṣi Kaśyapa, raising your voice with the praises of the hymn-makers, adore the royal Soma who is born the lord of the growing; flow, Indu, for Indra.

(Hinduism) Kashyapa, who is considered to be the author of some of the hymns of the Rigveda; one of the seven Saptarshis; the father of the Adityas.


शफर

śaphara (romanization)
शफरः (nominative singular)
शफरौ (dual nominative)
शफरा1 (dual nominative)
शफराः (nominative plural)
शफरासः1 (nominative plural)
शफर (singular vocative)
शफरौ (dual vocative)
शफरा1 (dual vocative)
शफराः (plural vocative)
शफरासः1 (plural vocative)
शफरम् (accusative singular)
शफरौ (accusative dual)
शफरा1 (accusative dual)
शफरान् (accusative plural)
शफरेण (instrumental singular)
शफराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शफरैः (instrumental plural)
शफरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शफराय (dative singular)
शफराभ्याम् (dative dual)
शफरेभ्यः (dative plural)
शफरात् (ablative singular)
शफराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शफरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शफरस्य (genitive singular)
शफरयोः (dual genitive)
शफराणाम् (genitive plural)
शफरे (locative singular)
शफरयोः (dual locative)
शफरेषु (locative plural)

/ˈɕɐ.pʰɐ.ɾɐ/

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱeph₂elos (“carp”). Cognate with Lithuanian šapalas (“carp”).


पेचक

pécaka (romanization)
पेचकः (nominative singular)
पेचकौ (dual nominative)
पेचका1 (dual nominative)
पेचकाः (nominative plural)
पेचकासः1 (nominative plural)
पेचक (singular vocative)
पेचकौ (dual vocative)
पेचका1 (dual vocative)
पेचकाः (plural vocative)
पेचकासः1 (plural vocative)
पेचकम् (accusative singular)
पेचकौ (accusative dual)
पेचका1 (accusative dual)
पेचकान् (accusative plural)
पेचकेन (instrumental singular)
पेचकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पेचकैः (instrumental plural)
पेचकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पेचकाय (dative singular)
पेचकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पेचकेभ्यः (dative plural)
पेचकात् (ablative singular)
पेचकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पेचकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पेचकस्य (genitive singular)
पेचकयोः (dual genitive)
पेचकानाम् (genitive plural)
पेचके (locative singular)
पेचकयोः (dual locative)
पेचकेषु (locative plural)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: ফেঁচা (phẽsa)

Bengali: প্যাঁচা (pễca), পেঁচা (pẽca)

Odia: ପେଚା (pecā)

Sylheti: ꠚꠦꠌꠣ (fésa)


तुण्ड

tuṇḍa (romanization)
तुण्डः (nominative singular)
तुण्डौ (dual nominative)
तुण्डा1 (dual nominative)
तुण्डाः (nominative plural)
तुण्डासः1 (nominative plural)
तुण्ड (singular vocative)
तुण्डौ (dual vocative)
तुण्डा1 (dual vocative)
तुण्डाः (plural vocative)
तुण्डासः1 (plural vocative)
तुण्डम् (accusative singular)
तुण्डौ (accusative dual)
तुण्डा1 (accusative dual)
तुण्डान् (accusative plural)
तुण्डेन (instrumental singular)
तुण्डाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तुण्डैः (instrumental plural)
तुण्डेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तुण्डाय (dative singular)
तुण्डाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तुण्डेभ्यः (dative plural)
तुण्डात् (ablative singular)
तुण्डाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तुण्डेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तुण्डस्य (genitive singular)
तुण्डयोः (dual genitive)
तुण्डानाम् (genitive plural)
तुण्डे (locative singular)
तुण्डयोः (dual locative)
तुण्डेषु (locative plural)

Borrowed from Dravidian, compare Malayalam തൊണ്ട (toṇṭa), Tamil தொண்டை (toṇṭai, “throat, gullet, windpipe, larynx, voice, singing voice”).

cog

Benincasa hispida
Benincasa hispida#Translingual


ऋजिप्य

ṛjipyá (romanization)
ऋजिप्यः (nominative singular)
ऋजिप्यौ (dual nominative)
ऋजिप्या1 (dual nominative)
ऋजिप्याः (nominative plural)
ऋजिप्यासः1 (nominative plural)
ऋजिप्य (singular vocative)
ऋजिप्यौ (dual vocative)
ऋजिप्या1 (dual vocative)
ऋजिप्याः (plural vocative)
ऋजिप्यासः1 (plural vocative)
ऋजिप्यम् (accusative singular)
ऋजिप्यौ (accusative dual)
ऋजिप्या1 (accusative dual)
ऋजिप्यान् (accusative plural)
ऋजिप्येन (instrumental singular)
ऋजिप्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ऋजिप्यैः (instrumental plural)
ऋजिप्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ऋजिप्याय (dative singular)
ऋजिप्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
ऋजिप्येभ्यः (dative plural)
ऋजिप्यात् (ablative singular)
ऋजिप्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ऋजिप्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
ऋजिप्यस्य (genitive singular)
ऋजिप्ययोः (dual genitive)
ऋजिप्यानाम् (genitive plural)
ऋजिप्ये (locative singular)
ऋजिप्ययोः (dual locative)
ऋजिप्येषु (locative plural)
ऋजिप्या (nominative singular)
ऋजिप्ये (dual nominative)
ऋजिप्याः (nominative plural)
ऋजिप्ये (singular vocative)
ऋजिप्ये (dual vocative)
ऋजिप्याः (plural vocative)
ऋजिप्याम् (accusative singular)
ऋजिप्ये (accusative dual)
ऋजिप्याः (accusative plural)
ऋजिप्यया (instrumental singular)
ऋजिप्या1 (instrumental singular)
ऋजिप्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ऋजिप्याभिः (instrumental plural)
ऋजिप्यायै (dative singular)
ऋजिप्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
ऋजिप्याभ्यः (dative plural)
ऋजिप्यायाः (ablative singular)
ऋजिप्यायै2 (ablative singular)
ऋजिप्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ऋजिप्याभ्यः (ablative plural)
ऋजिप्यायाः (genitive singular)
ऋजिप्यायै2 (genitive singular)
ऋजिप्ययोः (dual genitive)
ऋजिप्यानाम् (genitive plural)
ऋजिप्यायाम् (locative singular)
ऋजिप्ययोः (dual locative)
ऋजिप्यासु (locative plural)
ऋजिप्यम् (nominative singular)
ऋजिप्ये (dual nominative)
ऋजिप्यानि (nominative plural)
ऋजिप्या1 (nominative plural)
ऋजिप्य (singular vocative)
ऋजिप्ये (dual vocative)
ऋजिप्यानि (plural vocative)
ऋजिप्या1 (plural vocative)
ऋजिप्यम् (accusative singular)
ऋजिप्ये (accusative dual)
ऋजिप्यानि (accusative plural)
ऋजिप्या1 (accusative plural)
ऋजिप्येन (instrumental singular)
ऋजिप्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ऋजिप्यैः (instrumental plural)
ऋजिप्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ऋजिप्याय (dative singular)
ऋजिप्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
ऋजिप्येभ्यः (dative plural)
ऋजिप्यात् (ablative singular)
ऋजिप्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ऋजिप्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
ऋजिप्यस्य (genitive singular)
ऋजिप्ययोः (dual genitive)
ऋजिप्यानाम् (genitive plural)
ऋजिप्ये (locative singular)
ऋजिप्ययोः (dual locative)
ऋजिप्येषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hr̥ȷ́ipyás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥ȷ́ipyás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂rǵ-i-pt-ió-s, from *h₂erǵ- (“white, glittering”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬌𐬟𐬌𐬌𐬀 (ər^əzifiia).

(substantive) something straight-flying, falcon


किकि

kiki (romanization)
किकिः (nominative singular)
किकी (dual nominative)
किकयः (nominative plural)
किके (singular vocative)
किकी (dual vocative)
किकयः (plural vocative)
किकिम् (accusative singular)
किकी (accusative dual)
किकीन् (accusative plural)
किकिना (instrumental singular)
किक्या1 (instrumental singular)
किकिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
किकिभिः (instrumental plural)
किकये (dative singular)
किकिभ्याम् (dative dual)
किकिभ्यः (dative plural)
किकेः (ablative singular)
किक्यः1 (ablative singular)
किकिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
किकिभ्यः (ablative plural)
किकेः (genitive singular)
किक्यः1 (genitive singular)
किक्योः (dual genitive)
किकीनाम् (genitive plural)
किकौ (locative singular)
किका1 (locative singular)
किक्योः (dual locative)
किकिषु (locative plural)


कीकि

kīki (romanization)
कीकिः (nominative singular)
कीकी (dual nominative)
कीकयः (nominative plural)
कीके (singular vocative)
कीकी (dual vocative)
कीकयः (plural vocative)
कीकिम् (accusative singular)
कीकी (accusative dual)
कीकीन् (accusative plural)
कीकिना (instrumental singular)
कीक्या1 (instrumental singular)
कीकिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कीकिभिः (instrumental plural)
कीकये (dative singular)
कीकिभ्याम् (dative dual)
कीकिभ्यः (dative plural)
कीकेः (ablative singular)
कीक्यः1 (ablative singular)
कीकिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कीकिभ्यः (ablative plural)
कीकेः (genitive singular)
कीक्यः1 (genitive singular)
कीक्योः (dual genitive)
कीकीनाम् (genitive plural)
कीकौ (locative singular)
कीका1 (locative singular)
कीक्योः (dual locative)
कीकिषु (locative plural)

Of imitative origin, see also Old English higora (“magpie”), Ancient Greek κίσσα (kíssa, “jaybird”).

onomatopoeic

imitative


बलीवर्द

balīvárda (romanization)
बलीवर्दः (nominative singular)
बलीवर्दौ (dual nominative)
बलीवर्दा1 (dual nominative)
बलीवर्दाः (nominative plural)
बलीवर्दासः1 (nominative plural)
बलीवर्द (singular vocative)
बलीवर्दौ (dual vocative)
बलीवर्दा1 (dual vocative)
बलीवर्दाः (plural vocative)
बलीवर्दासः1 (plural vocative)
बलीवर्दम् (accusative singular)
बलीवर्दौ (accusative dual)
बलीवर्दा1 (accusative dual)
बलीवर्दान् (accusative plural)
बलीवर्देन (instrumental singular)
बलीवर्दाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बलीवर्दैः (instrumental plural)
बलीवर्देभिः1 (instrumental plural)
बलीवर्दाय (dative singular)
बलीवर्दाभ्याम् (dative dual)
बलीवर्देभ्यः (dative plural)
बलीवर्दात् (ablative singular)
बलीवर्दाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बलीवर्देभ्यः (ablative plural)
बलीवर्दस्य (genitive singular)
बलीवर्दयोः (dual genitive)
बलीवर्दानाम् (genitive plural)
बलीवर्दे (locative singular)
बलीवर्दयोः (dual locative)
बलीवर्देषु (locative plural)

desc

Prakrit: 𑀩𑀮𑀻𑀯𑀤𑁆𑀤 (balīvadda), 𑀩𑀮𑀺𑀯𑀤𑁆𑀤 (balivadda), 𑀩𑀮𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤 (balidda), 𑀩𑀮𑀤𑁆𑀤 (baladda)

Assamese: বলদ (bolod), বলধ (bolodh)

Awadhi: बर्धु (bardhu)

Bengali: বলদ (bolod)

Bhojpuri: बरध (baradh)

Gujarati: બળદ (baḷda)

Hindi: बलद (balad), बरद (barad), बरध (baradh), बर्धा (bardhā)

Maithili: बरद (barad)

Punjabi: ਬਲ੍ਦ੍ (bald), ਬਲ੍ਧ੍ (baldh), ਬਲ੍ਹ੍ਦ (balhd), ਬਲੇਦ (baled)

Odia: ବଳଦ (baḷada)

/bɐ.l̪iːˈʋɐɾ.d̪ɐ/

A compound of बलिन् (balin, “strong”) and non-Aryan substrate word for "ox".


बिडाला

biḍālā (romanization)
बिडाला (nominative singular)
बिडाले (dual nominative)
बिडालाः (nominative plural)
बिडाले (singular vocative)
बिडाले (dual vocative)
बिडालाः (plural vocative)
बिडालाम् (accusative singular)
बिडाले (accusative dual)
बिडालाः (accusative plural)
बिडालया (instrumental singular)
बिडाला1 (instrumental singular)
बिडालाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बिडालाभिः (instrumental plural)
बिडालायै (dative singular)
बिडालाभ्याम् (dative dual)
बिडालाभ्यः (dative plural)
बिडालायाः (ablative singular)
बिडालायै2 (ablative singular)
बिडालाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बिडालाभ्यः (ablative plural)
बिडालायाः (genitive singular)
बिडालायै2 (genitive singular)
बिडालयोः (dual genitive)
बिडालानाम् (genitive plural)
बिडालायाम् (locative singular)
बिडालयोः (dual locative)
बिडालासु (locative plural)

Assamese: বিৰালী (birali)

Bengali: বিড়াল (biṛal), বিরাল (biral), বিলাল (bilal), বিলাই (bilai)

Gujarati: બિલાડી (bilāḍī), બિલાડો (bilāḍo)

Hindi: बिल्ली (billī), बिल्ला (billā)

Nepali: बिरालो (birālo)

Odia: ବିଲେଇ (bilei)

Pali: viḷāra

→ Thai: วิฬาร์ (wí-laa)

Punjabi: ਬਿੱਲੀ (billī)

Rohingya: bilai

→ Telugu: బిడాలము (biḍālamu)

Sylheti: ꠛꠤꠟꠣꠁ (bilai)

Urdu: بلی

/biˈɖɑː.l̪ɑː/


तोक

toká (romanization)
तोकम् (nominative singular)
तोके (dual nominative)
तोकानि (nominative plural)
तोका1 (nominative plural)
तोक (singular vocative)
तोके (dual vocative)
तोकानि (plural vocative)
तोका1 (plural vocative)
तोकम् (accusative singular)
तोके (accusative dual)
तोकानि (accusative plural)
तोका1 (accusative plural)
तोकेन (instrumental singular)
तोकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तोकैः (instrumental plural)
तोकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तोकाय (dative singular)
तोकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तोकेभ्यः (dative plural)
तोकात् (ablative singular)
तोकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तोकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तोकस्य (genitive singular)
तोकयोः (dual genitive)
तोकानाम् (genitive plural)
तोके (locative singular)
तोकयोः (dual locative)
तोकेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *tawkás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tawkás, from Proto-Indo-European *tewk-ós, from *tewk- (“seed, offspring”). Cognate with Old English þēoh, Old Norse þjó (“thigh”); Lithuanian taukai, Polish tuk (“lard”). More distantly related to Irish tóin (“buttocks”) and Old Persian 𐎫𐎢𐎶𐎠 (t-u-m-a /taumā/, “family”).


अश्वश्चन्द्र

sa-adj

अश्वश्चन्द्र • (áśvaścandra) stem

áśvaścandra (romanization)
अश्वश्चन्द्रः (nominative singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्रौ (dual nominative)
अश्वश्चन्द्रा1 (dual nominative)
अश्वश्चन्द्राः (nominative plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रासः1 (nominative plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्र (singular vocative)
अश्वश्चन्द्रौ (dual vocative)
अश्वश्चन्द्रा1 (dual vocative)
अश्वश्चन्द्राः (plural vocative)
अश्वश्चन्द्रासः1 (plural vocative)
अश्वश्चन्द्रम् (accusative singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्रौ (accusative dual)
अश्वश्चन्द्रा1 (accusative dual)
अश्वश्चन्द्रान् (accusative plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रेण (instrumental singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अश्वश्चन्द्रैः (instrumental plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्राय (dative singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
अश्वश्चन्द्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रात् (ablative singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अश्वश्चन्द्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रस्य (genitive singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्रयोः (dual genitive)
अश्वश्चन्द्राणाम् (genitive plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रे (locative singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्रयोः (dual locative)
अश्वश्चन्द्रेषु (locative plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रा (nominative singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्रे (dual nominative)
अश्वश्चन्द्राः (nominative plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रे (singular vocative)
अश्वश्चन्द्रे (dual vocative)
अश्वश्चन्द्राः (plural vocative)
अश्वश्चन्द्राम् (accusative singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्रे (accusative dual)
अश्वश्चन्द्राः (accusative plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रया (instrumental singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्रा1 (instrumental singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अश्वश्चन्द्राभिः (instrumental plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रायै (dative singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
अश्वश्चन्द्राभ्यः (dative plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रायाः (ablative singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्रायै2 (ablative singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अश्वश्चन्द्राभ्यः (ablative plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रायाः (genitive singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्रायै2 (genitive singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्रयोः (dual genitive)
अश्वश्चन्द्राणाम् (genitive plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रायाम् (locative singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्रयोः (dual locative)
अश्वश्चन्द्रासु (locative plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रम् (nominative singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्रे (dual nominative)
अश्वश्चन्द्राणि (nominative plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रा1 (nominative plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्र (singular vocative)
अश्वश्चन्द्रे (dual vocative)
अश्वश्चन्द्राणि (plural vocative)
अश्वश्चन्द्रा1 (plural vocative)
अश्वश्चन्द्रम् (accusative singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्रे (accusative dual)
अश्वश्चन्द्राणि (accusative plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रा1 (accusative plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रेण (instrumental singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अश्वश्चन्द्रैः (instrumental plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्राय (dative singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
अश्वश्चन्द्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रात् (ablative singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अश्वश्चन्द्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रस्य (genitive singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्रयोः (dual genitive)
अश्वश्चन्द्राणाम् (genitive plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रे (locative singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्रयोः (dual locative)
अश्वश्चन्द्रेषु (locative plural)

/ɐ́ɕ.ʋɐɕ.t͡ɕɐn.dɾɐ/

/ɐɕ.ʋɐɕˈt͡ɕɐn̪.d̪ɾɐ/

/ɐɕ.ʋɐɕ.t͡ɕɐn.dɾɐ/

/ɐɕ.ʋɐɕˈt͡ɕɐn̪.d̪ɾɐ/

PIE word
 *h₁éḱwos
From अश्व (aśva) + श्चन्द्र (ścandra).

compound

अश्व (aśva) + श्चन्द्र (ścandra)


गण्ड

gaṇḍa (romanization)
गण्डः (nominative singular)
गण्डौ (dual nominative)
गण्डा1 (dual nominative)
गण्डाः (nominative plural)
गण्डासः1 (nominative plural)
गण्ड (singular vocative)
गण्डौ (dual vocative)
गण्डा1 (dual vocative)
गण्डाः (plural vocative)
गण्डासः1 (plural vocative)
गण्डम् (accusative singular)
गण्डौ (accusative dual)
गण्डा1 (accusative dual)
गण्डान् (accusative plural)
गण्डेन (instrumental singular)
गण्डाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गण्डैः (instrumental plural)
गण्डेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गण्डाय (dative singular)
गण्डाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गण्डेभ्यः (dative plural)
गण्डात् (ablative singular)
गण्डाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गण्डेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गण्डस्य (genitive singular)
गण्डयोः (dual genitive)
गण्डानाम् (genitive plural)
गण्डे (locative singular)
गण्डयोः (dual locative)
गण्डेषु (locative plural)

Pali: gaṇḍa

Prakrit: 𑀕𑀀𑀟 (gam̐ḍa)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: ગાંડ (gā̃ḍ), ગાંડુ (gā̃ḍu)

Hindustani: gā̃ṛ, gā̃ṛū, gānḍ

desc

Hindi: गाँड़, गाँड़ू, गांड

Hindi: गाँड़, गाँड़ू, गांड

Urdu: گَاںڑ, گَاںڑُو, گَانڈ

Urdu: گَاںڑ, گَاںڑُو, گَانڈ

Romani: gāro

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: গাঁৰ (gãr)

Bengali: গাঁড় (gãṛ), গাঁড়ি (gãṛi)

Bihari:

Maithili: गाँड़ि (gā̃ṛɨ)

Odia: ଗାଏଁଡ଼ (gāẽṛa)

Odia: ଗାଏଁଡ଼ (gāẽṛa)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Kumaoni: गान (gān), गाण (gāṇ), गाणि (gāṇi)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: गाँण (gā̃ṇ), गाँडि (gā̃ḍi), गाँडु (gā̃ḍu)

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: गण्ड (gaṇḍ), गान (gān)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ގަނޑު (gaⁿḍu)

Sinhalese: ගඩුව (gaḍuwa)

Western:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: gann, gannī, gāṇḍ

Gurmukhi script: ਗੰਨ, ਗੰਨੀ, ਗੰਡ

Shahmukhi script: گَنّ, گَنِّی, گَاڻڊ

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: g̠ani, g̠anri, gā̃ḍi

Arabic script: ڳَنِ, ڳَنرِ, گَنڊِ

Devanagari script: ॻनि, ॻन्रि, गाँडि

Borrowed from Dravidian, compare Kannada ಗಂಟು (gaṇṭu, “joint of reed”), Telugu గంట (gaṇṭa, “a knot”).

a goiter or any other excrescence of the neck


जटायु

jaṭāyu (romanization)
जटायुः (nominative singular)
जटायू (dual nominative)
जटायवः (nominative plural)
जटायो (singular vocative)
जटायू (dual vocative)
जटायवः (plural vocative)
जटायुम् (accusative singular)
जटायू (accusative dual)
जटायून् (accusative plural)
जटायुना (instrumental singular)
जटाय्वा1 (instrumental singular)
जटायुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जटायुभिः (instrumental plural)
जटायवे (dative singular)
जटाय्वे1 (dative singular)
जटायुभ्याम् (dative dual)
जटायुभ्यः (dative plural)
जटायोः (ablative singular)
जटाय्वः1 (ablative singular)
जटायुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जटायुभ्यः (ablative plural)
जटायोः (genitive singular)
जटाय्वः1 (genitive singular)
जटाय्वोः (dual genitive)
जटायूनाम् (genitive plural)
जटायौ (locative singular)
जटाय्वोः (dual locative)
जटायुषु (locative plural)

/d͡ʑɐˈʈɑː.ju/

Gypaetus barbatus
Gypaetus barbatus#Translingual

bearded vulture, lammergeier, ossifrage (Gypaetus barbatus)


परस्वत्

/pɐˈɾɐs̪.ʋɐt̪/

Unknown. Potentially a wanderwort, compare Proto-Semitic *faraʾ- (“wild ass”) (whence Arabic فَرَأ (faraʔ)).


मण्डूक

maṇḍū́ka (romanization)
मण्डूकः (nominative singular)
मण्डूकौ (dual nominative)
मण्डूका1 (dual nominative)
मण्डूकाः (nominative plural)
मण्डूकासः1 (nominative plural)
मण्डूक (singular vocative)
मण्डूकौ (dual vocative)
मण्डूका1 (dual vocative)
मण्डूकाः (plural vocative)
मण्डूकासः1 (plural vocative)
मण्डूकम् (accusative singular)
मण्डूकौ (accusative dual)
मण्डूका1 (accusative dual)
मण्डूकान् (accusative plural)
मण्डूकेन (instrumental singular)
मण्डूकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मण्डूकैः (instrumental plural)
मण्डूकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मण्डूकाय (dative singular)
मण्डूकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मण्डूकेभ्यः (dative plural)
मण्डूकात् (ablative singular)
मण्डूकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मण्डूकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मण्डूकस्य (genitive singular)
मण्डूकयोः (dual genitive)
मण्डूकानाम् (genitive plural)
मण्डूके (locative singular)
मण्डूकयोः (dual locative)
मण्डूकेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: مۄنٛڈُکھ (mọnḍukh), مٲن (mạ̄n)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Odia: ମଣ୍ଡୁକ (maṇḍuka)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀁𑀟𑀽𑀓 (maṃḍūka)

Marathi: मंडूक (maṇḍūk)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀁𑀟𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓 (maṃḍukka)

Gujarati: મેંડક (meṇḍak), મેડક (meḍak)

Hindustani:

Hindi: मेंढक (meṇḍhak)

Urdu: مینڈک (meṇḍak)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮੇਡਕ (meḍak)

Pali: maṇḍūka

/mɐɳ.ɖúː.kɐ/

/mɐɳˈɖuː.kɐ/

Probably a substrate borrowing, as evidenced by many variants; possibly related to मण्डल (maṇḍala) and मण्ड (maṇḍa) and/or influenced by taboo.


ऋश

ṛ́śa (romanization)
ऋशः (nominative singular)
ऋशौ (dual nominative)
ऋशा1 (dual nominative)
ऋशाः (nominative plural)
ऋशासः1 (nominative plural)
ऋश (singular vocative)
ऋशौ (dual vocative)
ऋशा1 (dual vocative)
ऋशाः (plural vocative)
ऋशासः1 (plural vocative)
ऋशम् (accusative singular)
ऋशौ (accusative dual)
ऋशा1 (accusative dual)
ऋशान् (accusative plural)
ऋशेन (instrumental singular)
ऋशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ऋशैः (instrumental plural)
ऋशेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ऋशाय (dative singular)
ऋशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ऋशेभ्यः (dative plural)
ऋशात् (ablative singular)
ऋशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ऋशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ऋशस्य (genitive singular)
ऋशयोः (dual genitive)
ऋशानाम् (genitive plural)
ऋशे (locative singular)
ऋशयोः (dual locative)
ऋशेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ĺ̥-ḱo-s, from *h₁el- (“deer, horned wild animal”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἔλαφος (élaphos, “red deer”), English elk. Also related to ऋश्य (ṛśya).

cog

आहं तनोमि ते पसो अधि ज्यामिव धन्वनि ।
क्रमस्वर्श इव रोहितमनवग्लायता सदा ॥
āhaṃ tanomi te paso adhi jyāmiva dhanvani.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 6.101.3

I stretch your penis like a bowstring on a bow
Approach [a woman] tirelessly always, like a stag approaches a doe.

kramasvarśa iva rohitamanavaglāyatā sadā.

a stag; the male of a species of antelope


दिक्करिन्

dikkarin (romanization)
दिक्करी (nominative singular)
दिक्करिणौ (dual nominative)
दिक्करिणा1 (dual nominative)
दिक्करिणः (nominative plural)
दिक्करिन् (singular vocative)
दिक्करिणौ (dual vocative)
दिक्करिणा1 (dual vocative)
दिक्करिणः (plural vocative)
दिक्करिणम् (accusative singular)
दिक्करिणौ (accusative dual)
दिक्करिणा1 (accusative dual)
दिक्करिणः (accusative plural)
दिक्करिणा (instrumental singular)
दिक्करिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दिक्करिभिः (instrumental plural)
दिक्करिणे (dative singular)
दिक्करिभ्याम् (dative dual)
दिक्करिभ्यः (dative plural)
दिक्करिणः (ablative singular)
दिक्करिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दिक्करिभ्यः (ablative plural)
दिक्करिणः (genitive singular)
दिक्करिणोः (dual genitive)
दिक्करिणाम् (genitive plural)
दिक्करिणि (locative singular)
दिक्करिणोः (dual locative)
दिक्करिषु (locative plural)

Compound of दिक् (dik) + करिन् (karin), literally “elephant of the quarter”.

com+

one of the mythical elephants which stand in the four or eight quarters of the sky and support the earth


गृध्र

gṛ́dhra (romanization)
गृध्रः (nominative singular)
गृध्रौ (dual nominative)
गृध्रा1 (dual nominative)
गृध्राः (nominative plural)
गृध्रासः1 (nominative plural)
गृध्र (singular vocative)
गृध्रौ (dual vocative)
गृध्रा1 (dual vocative)
गृध्राः (plural vocative)
गृध्रासः1 (plural vocative)
गृध्रम् (accusative singular)
गृध्रौ (accusative dual)
गृध्रा1 (accusative dual)
गृध्रान् (accusative plural)
गृध्रेण (instrumental singular)
गृध्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गृध्रैः (instrumental plural)
गृध्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गृध्राय (dative singular)
गृध्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
गृध्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
गृध्रात् (ablative singular)
गृध्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गृध्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गृध्रस्य (genitive singular)
गृध्रयोः (dual genitive)
गृध्राणाम् (genitive plural)
गृध्रे (locative singular)
गृध्रयोः (dual locative)
गृध्रेषु (locative plural)

desc

Kashmiri: ग्रद् (grad, “vulture, eagle”)

desctree

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (giddha), *𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤 (*gidda) — reconstructed based on descendants
Gujarati: ગીધ (gīdh)
Hindustani: giddh
Hindi: गिद्ध
Urdu: گِدّھ (giddh)
Konkani: gīd
Devanagari script: गीद
Kannada script: ಗೀದ್
Latin script: gid
Maithili:
Devanagari script: गिद्ध (giddha), गीध (gīdh)
Tirhuta script: 𑒑𑒱𑒠𑓂𑒡 (giddha), 𑒑𑒲𑒡 (gīdha)
Old Marathi:
Devanagari script: गिध (gidha), गीद (gīda), गीध (gīdha)
Modi script: 𑘐𑘲𑘟 (gīda), 𑘐𑘲𑘠 (gīdha)
Odia: ଗୀଧ (gidha)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (giddha), *𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤 (*gidda) — reconstructed based on descendants
Gujarati: ગીધ (gīdh)
Hindustani: giddh
Hindi: गिद्ध
Urdu: گِدّھ (giddh)
Konkani: gīd
Devanagari script: गीद
Kannada script: ಗೀದ್
Latin script: gid
Maithili:
Devanagari script: गिद्ध (giddha), गीध (gīdh)
Tirhuta script: 𑒑𑒱𑒠𑓂𑒡 (giddha), 𑒑𑒲𑒡 (gīdha)
Old Marathi:
Devanagari script: गिध (gidha), गीद (gīda), गीध (gīdha)
Modi script: 𑘐𑘲𑘟 (gīda), 𑘐𑘲𑘠 (gīdha)
Odia: ଗୀଧ (gidha)

Paisaci Prakrit:

desc

Punjabi: ਗਿਰਝ (girjha), ਗਿੱਧ (giddha, “vulture”)

Pali: gaddha

→ Telugu: గద్ద (gadda), గ్రద్ద (gradda) (Sanskritized)

desctree

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (giddha), *𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤 (*gidda) — reconstructed based on descendants
Gujarati: ગીધ (gīdh)
Hindustani: giddh
Hindi: गिद्ध
Urdu: گِدّھ (giddh)
Konkani: gīd
Devanagari script: गीद
Kannada script: ಗೀದ್
Latin script: gid
Maithili:
Devanagari script: गिद्ध (giddha), गीध (gīdh)
Tirhuta script: 𑒑𑒱𑒠𑓂𑒡 (giddha), 𑒑𑒲𑒡 (gīdha)
Old Marathi:
Devanagari script: गिध (gidha), गीद (gīda), गीध (gīdha)
Modi script: 𑘐𑘲𑘟 (gīda), 𑘐𑘲𑘠 (gīdha)
Odia: ଗୀଧ (gidha)

→ Kannada: ಗೃಧ್ರ (gṛdhra)

→ Tamil: கிருத்திரம் (kiruttiram)

→ Hindi: गृध्र (gŕdhra) (learned)

Nominal derivative of the adjective गृध्र (gṛdhra, “greedy”) above. Literally meaning "the greedy one".

/ˈɡr̩d̪ʱ.ɾɐ/

उलू॑कयातुं शुशु॒लूक॑यातुं ज॒हि श्वया॑तुमु॒त कोक॑यातुम्।
सु॒प॒र्णया॑तुमु॒त गृध्र॑यातुं दृ॒षदे॑व॒ प्र मृ॑ण॒ रक्ष॑ इन्द्र॥
úlūkayātuṃ śuśulū́kayātuṃ jahí śváyātumutá kókayātum.

Destroy the demon disguised as an owl or owlet, destroy him disguised as dog or cuckoo.
Destroy him shaped as an eagle or as a vulture as with a stone, O Indra, crush the demon.

suparṇáyātumutá gṛ́dhrayātuṃ dṛṣádeva prá mṛṇa rákṣa indra.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā)


भल्लूक

bhallūka (romanization)
भल्लूकः (nominative singular)
भल्लूकौ (dual nominative)
भल्लूका1 (dual nominative)
भल्लूकाः (nominative plural)
भल्लूकासः1 (nominative plural)
भल्लूक (singular vocative)
भल्लूकौ (dual vocative)
भल्लूका1 (dual vocative)
भल्लूकाः (plural vocative)
भल्लूकासः1 (plural vocative)
भल्लूकम् (accusative singular)
भल्लूकौ (accusative dual)
भल्लूका1 (accusative dual)
भल्लूकान् (accusative plural)
भल्लूकेन (instrumental singular)
भल्लूकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भल्लूकैः (instrumental plural)
भल्लूकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
भल्लूकाय (dative singular)
भल्लूकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भल्लूकेभ्यः (dative plural)
भल्लूकात् (ablative singular)
भल्लूकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भल्लूकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भल्लूकस्य (genitive singular)
भल्लूकयोः (dual genitive)
भल्लूकानाम् (genitive plural)
भल्लूके (locative singular)
भल्लूकयोः (dual locative)
भल्लूकेषु (locative plural)

desc

Bengali: ভাল্লুক (bhalluk), ভালুক (bhaluk)

Hindi: भालू (bhālū)

Nepali: भालू (bhālū)


ज्योतिरिङ्गण

jyotiriṅgaṇa (romanization)
ज्योतिरिङ्गणः (nominative singular)
ज्योतिरिङ्गणौ (dual nominative)
ज्योतिरिङ्गणाः (nominative plural)
ज्योतिरिङ्गण (singular vocative)
ज्योतिरिङ्गणौ (dual vocative)
ज्योतिरिङ्गणाः (plural vocative)
ज्योतिरिङ्गणम् (accusative singular)
ज्योतिरिङ्गणौ (accusative dual)
ज्योतिरिङ्गणान् (accusative plural)
ज्योतिरिङ्गणेन (instrumental singular)
ज्योतिरिङ्गणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ज्योतिरिङ्गणैः (instrumental plural)
ज्योतिरिङ्गणाय (dative singular)
ज्योतिरिङ्गणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ज्योतिरिङ्गणेभ्यः (dative plural)
ज्योतिरिङ्गणात् (ablative singular)
ज्योतिरिङ्गणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ज्योतिरिङ्गणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ज्योतिरिङ्गणस्य (genitive singular)
ज्योतिरिङ्गणयोः (dual genitive)
ज्योतिरिङ्गणानाम् (genitive plural)
ज्योतिरिङ्गणे (locative singular)
ज्योतिरिङ्गणयोः (dual locative)
ज्योतिरिङ्गणेषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀚𑁄𑀇𑀁𑀕𑀡 (joiṃgaṇa)

Maithili: जोगनी (jōgᵊnī)

Hindustani: jugnū

Hindi: जुगनू

Urdu: جُگْنُو

Urdu: جُگْنُو

→ Hindi: ज्योतिरिंगण (jyotiriṅgaṇ) (learned)

/d͡ʑjoː.t̪iˈɾiŋ.ɡɐ.ɳɐ/

Compound of ज्योतिर् (jyotir, “light”) + इङ्गन (iṅgana, “moving, shaking”), literally “moving light”.


हनन

hanana (romanization)
हननः (nominative singular)
हननौ (dual nominative)
हनना1 (dual nominative)
हननाः (nominative plural)
हननासः1 (nominative plural)
हनन (singular vocative)
हननौ (dual vocative)
हनना1 (dual vocative)
हननाः (plural vocative)
हननासः1 (plural vocative)
हननम् (accusative singular)
हननौ (accusative dual)
हनना1 (accusative dual)
हननान् (accusative plural)
हननेन (instrumental singular)
हननाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हननैः (instrumental plural)
हननेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
हननाय (dative singular)
हननाभ्याम् (dative dual)
हननेभ्यः (dative plural)
हननात् (ablative singular)
हननाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हननेभ्यः (ablative plural)
हननस्य (genitive singular)
हननयोः (dual genitive)
हननानाम् (genitive plural)
हनने (locative singular)
हननयोः (dual locative)
हननेषु (locative plural)

/ˈɦɐ.n̪ɐ.n̪ɐ/

From the root हन् (han, “to kill, destroy, strike, hit; to multiply, raise”) + -अन (-ana).


मेधाविन्

medhāvín (romanization)
मेधावी (nominative singular)
मेधाविनौ (dual nominative)
मेधाविना1 (dual nominative)
मेधाविनः (nominative plural)
मेधाविन् (singular vocative)
मेधाविनौ (dual vocative)
मेधाविना1 (dual vocative)
मेधाविनः (plural vocative)
मेधाविनम् (accusative singular)
मेधाविनौ (accusative dual)
मेधाविना1 (accusative dual)
मेधाविनः (accusative plural)
मेधाविना (instrumental singular)
मेधाविभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मेधाविभिः (instrumental plural)
मेधाविने (dative singular)
मेधाविभ्याम् (dative dual)
मेधाविभ्यः (dative plural)
मेधाविनः (ablative singular)
मेधाविभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मेधाविभ्यः (ablative plural)
मेधाविनः (genitive singular)
मेधाविनोः (dual genitive)
मेधाविनाम् (genitive plural)
मेधाविनि (locative singular)
मेधाविनोः (dual locative)
मेधाविषु (locative plural)

/meːˈd̪ʱɑː.ʋin̪/

From मेधा (medhā́, “wisdom, intelligence, prudence”) + -विन् (-vin).


नक्र

nakra (romanization)
नक्रः (nominative singular)
नक्रौ (dual nominative)
नक्राः (nominative plural)
नक्र (singular vocative)
नक्रौ (dual vocative)
नक्राः (plural vocative)
नक्रम् (accusative singular)
नक्रौ (accusative dual)
नक्रान् (accusative plural)
नक्रेण (instrumental singular)
नक्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नक्रैः (instrumental plural)
नक्राय (dative singular)
नक्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
नक्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
नक्रात् (ablative singular)
नक्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नक्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नक्रस्य (genitive singular)
नक्रयोः (dual genitive)
नक्राणाम् (genitive plural)
नक्रे (locative singular)
नक्रयोः (dual locative)
नक्रेषु (locative plural)
नक्रम् (nominative singular)
नक्रे (dual nominative)
नक्राणि (nominative plural)
नक्र (singular vocative)
नक्रे (dual vocative)
नक्राणि (plural vocative)
नक्रम् (accusative singular)
नक्रे (accusative dual)
नक्राणि (accusative plural)
नक्रेण (instrumental singular)
नक्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नक्रैः (instrumental plural)
नक्राय (dative singular)
नक्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
नक्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
नक्रात् (ablative singular)
नक्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नक्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नक्रस्य (genitive singular)
नक्रयोः (dual genitive)
नक्राणाम् (genitive plural)
नक्रे (locative singular)
नक्रयोः (dual locative)
नक्रेषु (locative plural)

Pali: nakka

Prakrit: णक्क (ṇakka) (see there for further descendants)

Of Dravidian origin, ultimately from Proto-South Dravidian *nekVḷ; compare Kannada ನೆಗಳೆ (negaḷe).

श्रुत्वा हरिस्तमरणार्थिनमप्रमेयश्चक्रायुधः पतगराजभुजाधिरूढः। चक्रेण नक्रवदनं विनिपाट्य तस्माद्धस्ते प्रगृह्य भगवान् कृपयोज्जहार॥
śrutvā haristamaraṇārthinamaprameyaścakrāyudhaḥ patagarājabhujādhirūḍhaḥ. cakreṇa nakravadanaṃ vinipāṭya tasmāddhaste pragṛhya bhagavān kṛpayojjahāra.
Hari [Kṛṣna], after hearing the elephant’s plea, felt that the elephant needed his immediate help, for he was in great distress. Thus at once the Lord appeared there on the wings of the king of birds, Garuḍa, fully equipped with his weapon, the cakra. With the wheel he cut to pieces the mouth of the crocodile to save the elephant, and he delivered the elephant by lifting him by his trunk.

c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 2.7.16

उपर्यधश्चात्मनि गोत्रनेत्रयोः परेण ते प्राविशता समेधिताः। ममन्थुरब्धिं तरसा मदोत्कटा महाद्रिणा क्षोभितनक्रचक्रम्॥
uparyadhaścātmani gotranetrayoḥ pareṇa te prāviśatā samedhitāḥ. mamanthurabdhiṃ tarasā madotkaṭā mahādriṇā kṣobhitanakracakram.

c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 8.7.13

The demigods and demons worked almost madly for the nectar, encouraged by the Lord, who was above and below the mountain and who had entered the demigods, the demons, Vāsuki and the mountain itself. Because of the strength of the demigods and demons, the ocean of milk was so powerfully agitated that all the alligators in the water were very much perturbed. Nonetheless the churning of the ocean continued in this way.

यस्मा अदादुदधिरूढभयाङ्गवेपो मार्गं सपद्यरिपुरं हरवद् दिधक्षोः। दूरे सुहृन्मथितरोषसुशोणदृष्टया तातप्यमानमकरोरगनक्रचक्रः॥
Rāmacandra, being aggrieved for his distant intimate friend [Sītā], glanced over the city of the enemy Rāvaṇa with red-hot eyes like those of Hara [who wanted to burn the kingdom of heaven]. The great ocean, trembling in fear, gave his his way because its family members, the aquatics like the sharks, snakes and crocodiles, were being burnt by the heat of the angry red-hot eyes of the Lord.

c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 2.7.24

ततो व्यदृश्यन्त चतुःसमुद्राः समन्ततः क्ष्मातलमाग्रसन्तः। समीरवेगोर्मिभिरुग्रनक्रमहाभयावर्तगभीरघोषाः॥

c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 12.9.12

Then the four great oceans appeared on all sides, swallowing up the surface of the earth with their wind-tossed waves. In these oceans were terrible sea monsters, fearful whirlpools and ominous rumblings.

tato vyadṛśyanta catuḥsamudrāḥ samantataḥ kṣmātalamāgrasantaḥ. samīravegormibhirugranakramahābhayāvartagabhīraghoṣāḥ.


छगल

chagalá (romanization)
छगलः (nominative singular)
छगलौ (dual nominative)
छगला1 (dual nominative)
छगलाः (nominative plural)
छगलासः1 (nominative plural)
छगल (singular vocative)
छगलौ (dual vocative)
छगला1 (dual vocative)
छगलाः (plural vocative)
छगलासः1 (plural vocative)
छगलम् (accusative singular)
छगलौ (accusative dual)
छगला1 (accusative dual)
छगलान् (accusative plural)
छगलेन (instrumental singular)
छगलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
छगलैः (instrumental plural)
छगलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
छगलाय (dative singular)
छगलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
छगलेभ्यः (dative plural)
छगलात् (ablative singular)
छगलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
छगलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
छगलस्य (genitive singular)
छगलयोः (dual genitive)
छगलानाम् (genitive plural)
छगले (locative singular)
छगलयोः (dual locative)
छगलेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Phalura:

Perso-Arabic: چھال

Latin: čhaál

Pali: chakala

Prakrit: 𑀙𑀕𑀮 (chagala), 𑀙𑁂𑀮 (chela)

Hindustani: cher

Hindi: छेर

Urdu: چھیر (cher)

Maithili: chēr

Devanagari script: छेर

Tirhuta script: 𑒕𑒹𑒩

Old Punjabi: ਛੇਲ (chela)

q

with Middle Indo-Aryan <i class="Brah mention" lang="inc-ash">-𑀓-</i> (-ka-)

Sindhi: (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-))

Arabic script: ڇيلو

Devanagari script: छेलो

Khudawadi script: 𑋁𑋥𑋚𑋧 (chelo)

Old Marathi: seraḍuṃ (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀟- (-ḍa-) + -𑀉𑀓- (-uka-))

Devanagari script: सेरडुं

Modi script: 𑘭𑘹𑘨𑘚𑘳𑘽

Old Marathi: sāgaḷa

Devanagari script: सागळ

Modi script: 𑘭𑘰𑘐𑘯

Hindustani: chagal

Hindi: छगल

Urdu: چَھگَل (chagal)

Marwari: छगळ (chagaḷ)

/t͡ɕʰɐ.ɡɐ.lɐ́/

/ˈt͡ɕʰɐ.ɡɐ.l̪ɐ/

From an unattested *छग (chága) (compare छाग (chā́ga), which is attested in the Rigveda; also attested later as Classical Sanskrit छग (chaga)) + -ल (-la, extension), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sčágas (compare Ossetian цӕҕӕ (“billy-goat”) and Wakhi čəɣ̌ (“kid”)), either from a potential Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱégos (“goat, sheep”) (compare Proto-Germanic *skēpą), or a borrowing from a substrate language.

der

ছেলি

Middle Bengali: ছালিয়া (chaliẏa), ছেলিয়া (cheliẏa)

शेळी

Prakrit: *𑀙𑀕𑀮-𑀈𑀕𑀸 (*chagala-īgā), 𑀙𑁂𑀮-𑀈𑀆 (chela-īā)


मर्कट

markaṭa (romanization)
मर्कटः (nominative singular)
मर्कटौ (dual nominative)
मर्कटा1 (dual nominative)
मर्कटाः (nominative plural)
मर्कटासः1 (nominative plural)
मर्कट (singular vocative)
मर्कटौ (dual vocative)
मर्कटा1 (dual vocative)
मर्कटाः (plural vocative)
मर्कटासः1 (plural vocative)
मर्कटम् (accusative singular)
मर्कटौ (accusative dual)
मर्कटा1 (accusative dual)
मर्कटान् (accusative plural)
मर्कटेन (instrumental singular)
मर्कटाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मर्कटैः (instrumental plural)
मर्कटेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मर्कटाय (dative singular)
मर्कटाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मर्कटेभ्यः (dative plural)
मर्कटात् (ablative singular)
मर्कटाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मर्कटेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मर्कटस्य (genitive singular)
मर्कटयोः (dual genitive)
मर्कटानाम् (genitive plural)
मर्कटे (locative singular)
मर्कटयोः (dual locative)
मर्कटेषु (locative plural)

Of uncertain origin.
Burrow and Gundert take the word as borrowed from Dravidian; compare Kannada ಮಂಗ (maṅga, “ape”). Subrahmanyam considers it to be a compound of mar-kaṭa with the initial being from *maran (“tree”) and latter possibly from கட (kaṭa, “cross”), which the original meaning of "one living on trees".
Kuiper proposes the possibility of the word being a prefixed form of a Munda term that also gave rise to किट (kiṭa, “a kind of ape”).
Similarities to Chinese 沐猴 (mùhóu, “macaque”) / 母猴 (mǔhóu, “female monkey”) have also been noted, with the ultimate source language perhaps lost to history.
Finally, some have connected the word to German Meerkatze (“guenon (a kind of monkey)”) and English meerkat; note however the form of Old High German merikazza, so any influence from Indo-Aryan would have to be exceptionally early.
The "type of bird" meaning listed by lexicographers is probably from a misinterpretation of the "monkey" meaning .

cog

/mɐ́ɾ.kɐ.ʈɐ/

/ˈmɐɾ.kɐ.ʈɐ/


श्वानी

sa-noun

श्वानी • (śvānī) stem, f (masculine श्वान)

śvānī (romanization)
श्वान (masculine)
श्वानी (nominative singular)
श्वान्यौ (dual nominative)
श्वानी1 (dual nominative)
श्वान्यः (nominative plural)
श्वानीः1 (nominative plural)
श्वानि (singular vocative)
श्वान्यौ (dual vocative)
श्वानी1 (dual vocative)
श्वान्यः (plural vocative)
श्वानीः1 (plural vocative)
श्वानीम् (accusative singular)
श्वान्यौ (accusative dual)
श्वानी1 (accusative dual)
श्वानीः (accusative plural)
श्वान्या (instrumental singular)
श्वानीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्वानीभिः (instrumental plural)
श्वान्यै (dative singular)
श्वानीभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्वानीभ्यः (dative plural)
श्वान्याः (ablative singular)
श्वान्यै2 (ablative singular)
श्वानीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्वानीभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्वान्याः (genitive singular)
श्वान्यै2 (genitive singular)
श्वान्योः (dual genitive)
श्वानीनाम् (genitive plural)
श्वान्याम् (locative singular)
श्वान्योः (dual locative)
श्वानीषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀻 (sāṇī)

/ˈɕʋɑː.n̪iː/


नकुल

नकुल • (nakulá) stem, m (feminine नकुली)

nakulá (romanization)
नकुली (feminine)
नकुलः (nominative singular)
नकुलौ (dual nominative)
नकुला1 (dual nominative)
नकुलाः (nominative plural)
नकुलासः1 (nominative plural)
नकुल (singular vocative)
नकुलौ (dual vocative)
नकुला1 (dual vocative)
नकुलाः (plural vocative)
नकुलासः1 (plural vocative)
नकुलम् (accusative singular)
नकुलौ (accusative dual)
नकुला1 (accusative dual)
नकुलान् (accusative plural)
नकुलेन (instrumental singular)
नकुलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नकुलैः (instrumental plural)
नकुलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नकुलाय (dative singular)
नकुलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नकुलेभ्यः (dative plural)
नकुलात् (ablative singular)
नकुलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नकुलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नकुलस्य (genitive singular)
नकुलयोः (dual genitive)
नकुलानाम् (genitive plural)
नकुले (locative singular)
नकुलयोः (dual locative)
नकुलेषु (locative plural)

Unknown. Pāṇini suggests न (na, “no”) + कुल (kula, “family”), but this is probably folk etymology.

Lexicographers, Various Works


दन्तावल

Hindustani:

Hindi: दँतावली f (dãtāvlī)

/d̪ɐn̪ˈt̪ɑː.ʋɐ.l̪ɐ/


अच्छभल्ल

acchabhalla (romanization)
अच्छभल्लः (nominative singular)
अच्छभल्लौ (dual nominative)
अच्छभल्ला1 (dual nominative)
अच्छभल्लाः (nominative plural)
अच्छभल्लासः1 (nominative plural)
अच्छभल्ल (singular vocative)
अच्छभल्लौ (dual vocative)
अच्छभल्ला1 (dual vocative)
अच्छभल्लाः (plural vocative)
अच्छभल्लासः1 (plural vocative)
अच्छभल्लम् (accusative singular)
अच्छभल्लौ (accusative dual)
अच्छभल्ला1 (accusative dual)
अच्छभल्लान् (accusative plural)
अच्छभल्लेन (instrumental singular)
अच्छभल्लाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अच्छभल्लैः (instrumental plural)
अच्छभल्लेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अच्छभल्लाय (dative singular)
अच्छभल्लाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अच्छभल्लेभ्यः (dative plural)
अच्छभल्लात् (ablative singular)
अच्छभल्लाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अच्छभल्लेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अच्छभल्लस्य (genitive singular)
अच्छभल्लयोः (dual genitive)
अच्छभल्लानाम् (genitive plural)
अच्छभल्ले (locative singular)
अच्छभल्लयोः (dual locative)
अच्छभल्लेषु (locative plural)

Marathi: अस्वल (asval)

/ɐt̪.t͡ɕʰɐˈbʱɐl̪.l̪ɐ/

[ɐt̪̚.t͡ɕʰɐˈbʱɐl̪.l̪ɐ]

From अच्छ (accha, “bear”) + भल्ल (bhalla, “bear”).