मार्जार

mārjāra (romanization)
मार्जारः (nominative singular)
मार्जारौ (dual nominative)
मार्जारा1 (dual nominative)
मार्जाराः (nominative plural)
मार्जारासः1 (nominative plural)
मार्जार (singular vocative)
मार्जारौ (dual vocative)
मार्जारा1 (dual vocative)
मार्जाराः (plural vocative)
मार्जारासः1 (plural vocative)
मार्जारम् (accusative singular)
मार्जारौ (accusative dual)
मार्जारा1 (accusative dual)
मार्जारान् (accusative plural)
मार्जारेण (instrumental singular)
मार्जाराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मार्जारैः (instrumental plural)
मार्जारेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मार्जाराय (dative singular)
मार्जाराभ्याम् (dative dual)
मार्जारेभ्यः (dative plural)
मार्जारात् (ablative singular)
मार्जाराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मार्जारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मार्जारस्य (genitive singular)
मार्जारयोः (dual genitive)
मार्जाराणाम् (genitive plural)
मार्जारे (locative singular)
मार्जारयोः (dual locative)
मार्जारेषु (locative plural)

desctree

Pali: majjāra
→ Thai: มัชชาระ (mát-chaa-rá)

desc

Prakrit: 𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭 (maṃjāra), 𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀭 (maṃjara), 𑀫𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸𑀭 (majjāra) — Ardhamāgadhī, Jain Māhārāṣṭrī, Śaurasenī (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed terms

→ Marathi: मार्जार (mārjār)

→ Bengali: মার্জার (marjar)

→ Assamese: মাৰ্জাৰ (marzar)

/mɑːɾˈd͡ʑɑː.ɾɐ/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃merǵ-
Sanskrit मृज् (mṛj)?
Sanskrit मार्जार (mārjāra)
Unknown. Traditionally said to be from the root मृज् (mṛj, “to wipe”), but that is certainly a folk etymology.


व्याघ्र

vyāghrá (romanization)
व्याघ्रः (nominative singular)
व्याघ्रौ (dual nominative)
व्याघ्रा1 (dual nominative)
व्याघ्राः (nominative plural)
व्याघ्रासः1 (nominative plural)
व्याघ्र (singular vocative)
व्याघ्रौ (dual vocative)
व्याघ्रा1 (dual vocative)
व्याघ्राः (plural vocative)
व्याघ्रासः1 (plural vocative)
व्याघ्रम् (accusative singular)
व्याघ्रौ (accusative dual)
व्याघ्रा1 (accusative dual)
व्याघ्रान् (accusative plural)
व्याघ्रेण (instrumental singular)
व्याघ्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
व्याघ्रैः (instrumental plural)
व्याघ्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
व्याघ्राय (dative singular)
व्याघ्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
व्याघ्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
व्याघ्रात् (ablative singular)
व्याघ्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
व्याघ्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
व्याघ्रस्य (genitive singular)
व्याघ्रयोः (dual genitive)
व्याघ्राणाम् (genitive plural)
व्याघ्रे (locative singular)
व्याघ्रयोः (dual locative)
व्याघ्रेषु (locative plural)

Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme

Dardic:

Shina: بگ (băg)

Pali: byaggha, vyaggha

Prakrit: 𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖 (vaggha)

Central:

desctree

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖 (vaggha)
Gujarati: વાઘ (vāgh)
Hindustani: bāgh
Hindi: बाघ
Urdu: باگھ
Saurashtra: ꢮꢵꢔ꣄ (vāg)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖 (vaggha)

Awadhi: बाघ (bāgh)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit: *𑀩𑀸𑀕𑁆𑀖 (*bāggha)

Assamese: বাঘ (bagh)

Bengali: বাঘ (bagh)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: bāgh

Devanagari script: बाघ

Kaithi script: 𑂥𑂰𑂐

Maithili: बाघ (bāgh)

Bishnupriya Manipuri: বাঘ

Odia: ବାଘ (bāgha)

Rohingya: bag

Sylheti: ꠛꠣꠊ (bagó)

Tanchangya: 𑄝𑄊𑄴 (bagh)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Garhwali: बाग (bāg)

Kumaoni: बाग (bāg)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: बाघ (bāgh), बाग (bāg)

Western Pahari:

desc

Bhadrawahi: ढ्ळाह्ग (ḍhḷāhg), ढ्ळाग (ḍhḷāg)

Churahi: ब्राह्ग (brāhg)

Kangri: बराघ (barāgh)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: bāgh

Gurmukhi script: ਬਾਘ

Shahmukhi script: باگھ

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: vāghu

Arabic script: وَاگهُ

Devanagari script: वाघु

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ވަގު (vagu)

Sinhalese: වග (waga)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖 (vaggha)

Konkani: vāgu

Devanagari script: वागु

Latin script: vagu

Kannada script: ವಾಗು

Marathi: वाघ (vāgh)

→ Old Armenian: վագր (vagr) (perhaps via an Iranian borrowing)

→ Old Georgian: ვიგრი (vigri) (perhaps via an Iranian borrowing)

→ Malayalam: വ്യാഘ്രം (vyāghraṁ)

→ Telugu: వ్యాఘ్రము (vyāghramu)

→? English: Viagra

/ʋjɑːɡʱ.ɾɐ́/

/ˈʋjɑːɡʱ.ɾɐ/

Unknown; perhaps from Proto-Indo-Aryan *wiHaHagʰrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wiHaHagʰrás, from Proto-Indo-European *wih₁-h₂oh₂ogʰró-s, from *weyh₁- (“to chase, pursue”) + *h₂o-h₂o-gʰr-ó-s, from *gʰer- (“yellow, orange”). Possible cognate with Ancient Greek ὠχρός (ōkhrós, “ochre, pale”).

cog

a red variety of the castor-oil plant (L.)


बिडाला

biḍālā (romanization)
बिडाला (nominative singular)
बिडाले (dual nominative)
बिडालाः (nominative plural)
बिडाले (singular vocative)
बिडाले (dual vocative)
बिडालाः (plural vocative)
बिडालाम् (accusative singular)
बिडाले (accusative dual)
बिडालाः (accusative plural)
बिडालया (instrumental singular)
बिडाला1 (instrumental singular)
बिडालाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बिडालाभिः (instrumental plural)
बिडालायै (dative singular)
बिडालाभ्याम् (dative dual)
बिडालाभ्यः (dative plural)
बिडालायाः (ablative singular)
बिडालायै2 (ablative singular)
बिडालाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बिडालाभ्यः (ablative plural)
बिडालायाः (genitive singular)
बिडालायै2 (genitive singular)
बिडालयोः (dual genitive)
बिडालानाम् (genitive plural)
बिडालायाम् (locative singular)
बिडालयोः (dual locative)
बिडालासु (locative plural)

Assamese: বিৰালী (birali)

desc

Bengali: বিড়াল (biṛal), বিরাল (biral), বিলাল (bilal), বিলাই (bilai)

Gujarati: બિલાડી (bilāḍī), બિલાડો (bilāḍo)

Hindi: बिल्ली (billī), बिल्ला (billā)

Nepali: बिरालो (birālo)

Odia: ବିଲେଇ (bilei)

Pali: viḷāra

→ Thai: วิฬาร์ (wí-laa)

Punjabi: ਬਿੱਲੀ (billī)

Rohingya: bilai

→ Telugu: బిడాలము (biḍālamu)

Sylheti: ꠛꠤꠟꠣꠁ (bilai)

Urdu: بلی

/biˈɖɑː.l̪ɑː/


शार्दूली

sa-noun

शार्दूली • (śārdūlī) stem, f (masculine शार्दूल)

śārdūlī (romanization)
शार्दूल (masculine)
शार्दूली (nominative singular)
शार्दूल्यौ (dual nominative)
शार्दूली1 (dual nominative)
शार्दूल्यः (nominative plural)
शार्दूलीः1 (nominative plural)
शार्दूलि (singular vocative)
शार्दूल्यौ (dual vocative)
शार्दूली1 (dual vocative)
शार्दूल्यः (plural vocative)
शार्दूलीः1 (plural vocative)
शार्दूलीम् (accusative singular)
शार्दूल्यौ (accusative dual)
शार्दूली1 (accusative dual)
शार्दूलीः (accusative plural)
शार्दूल्या (instrumental singular)
शार्दूलीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शार्दूलीभिः (instrumental plural)
शार्दूल्यै (dative singular)
शार्दूलीभ्याम् (dative dual)
शार्दूलीभ्यः (dative plural)
शार्दूल्याः (ablative singular)
शार्दूल्यै2 (ablative singular)
शार्दूलीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शार्दूलीभ्यः (ablative plural)
शार्दूल्याः (genitive singular)
शार्दूल्यै2 (genitive singular)
शार्दूल्योः (dual genitive)
शार्दूलीनाम् (genitive plural)
शार्दूल्याम् (locative singular)
शार्दूल्योः (dual locative)
शार्दूलीषु (locative plural)

/ɕɑːɾˈd̪uː.l̪iː/

अपत्यं तु मृगाः सर्वे मृग्या नरवरोत्तम
ऋक्षाश्च मृगमन्दायाः सृमराश्चमरास्तथा
ततस्त्विरावतीं नाम जज्ञे भद्रमदा सुताम्
तस्यास्त्वैरावतः पुत्रो लोकनाथो महागजः
हर्याश्च हरयोऽपत्यं वानराश्च तरस्विनः
गोलाङ्गूलांश्च शार्दूली व्याघ्रांश्चाजनयत् सुतान्
मातङ्ग्यास्त्वथ मातङ्गा अपत्यं मनुजर्षभ
दिशागजांश्च काकुत्स्थ श्वेताप्यजनयत् सुतान्
ततो दुहितरौ राम सुरभिर्द्वे व्यजायत
apatyaṃ tu mṛgāḥ sarve mṛgyā naravarottama
ṛkṣāśca mṛgamandāyāḥ sṛmarāścamarāstathā
tatastvirāvatīṃ nāma jajñe bhadramadā sutām
tasyāstvairāvataḥ putro lokanātho mahāgajaḥ
haryāśca harayoʼpatyaṃ vānarāśca tarasvinaḥ
golāṅgūlāṃśca śārdūlī vyāghrāṃścājanayat sutān
mātaṅgyāstvatha mātaṅgā apatyaṃ manujarṣabha
diśāgajāṃśca kākutstha śvetāpyajanayat sutān
tato duhitarau rāma surabhirdve vyajāyata
Mṛgī, O prince without a peer,
Was mother of the herds of deer,
The bear, the yak, the mountain roe
Their birth to Mṛgamandā owe;
And Bhadramadā joyed to be
Mother of fair Irāvatī,
Who bore Airāvat, huge of mould,
Mid warders of the earth enrolled,
From Harī lordly lions trace,
With monkeys of the wild, their race.
From the great dame Śārdūlī styled
Sprung pards, langurs, and tigers wild.
Mātangi, Prince, gave birth to all
Mātangas, elephants strong and tall,
And Śvetā bore the beasts who stand
One at each wind, earth's warder band.

प्रजज्ञे त्वथ शार्दूली सिंहान्व्याघ्रांश्च भारत ।
prajajñe tvatha śārdūlī siṃhānvyāghrāṃśca bhārata.

And Śārdūlī begot lions and tigers in numbers, and also leopards and all other strong animals, O Bhārata.

the mythical mother of tigers and other beasts of prey


शार्दूल

शार्दूल • (śārdūlá) stem, m

śārdūlá (romanization)
शार्दूलः (nominative singular)
शार्दूलौ (dual nominative)
शार्दूला1 (dual nominative)
शार्दूलाः (nominative plural)
शार्दूलासः1 (nominative plural)
शार्दूल (singular vocative)
शार्दूलौ (dual vocative)
शार्दूला1 (dual vocative)
शार्दूलाः (plural vocative)
शार्दूलासः1 (plural vocative)
शार्दूलम् (accusative singular)
शार्दूलौ (accusative dual)
शार्दूला1 (accusative dual)
शार्दूलान् (accusative plural)
शार्दूलेन (instrumental singular)
शार्दूलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शार्दूलैः (instrumental plural)
शार्दूलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शार्दूलाय (dative singular)
शार्दूलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शार्दूलेभ्यः (dative plural)
शार्दूलात् (ablative singular)
शार्दूलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शार्दूलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शार्दूलस्य (genitive singular)
शार्दूलयोः (dual genitive)
शार्दूलानाम् (genitive plural)
शार्दूले (locative singular)
शार्दूलयोः (dual locative)
शार्दूलेषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: शार्दूल (śārdūl) (learned)

desc

→ Telugu: శార్దూలము (śārdūlamu) (learned)

/ɕɑːɾ.duː.lɐ́/

/ɕɑːɾˈd̪uː.l̪ɐ/

The origin is unknown.
Perhaps from Proto-Indo-Iranian *cārduš, a variant of cárguš “predatory animal”, possibly through an Iranian intermediary.


बिडाल

biḍāla (romanization)
बिडालः (nominative singular)
बिडालौ (dual nominative)
बिडाला1 (dual nominative)
बिडालाः (nominative plural)
बिडालासः1 (nominative plural)
बिडाल (singular vocative)
बिडालौ (dual vocative)
बिडाला1 (dual vocative)
बिडालाः (plural vocative)
बिडालासः1 (plural vocative)
बिडालम् (accusative singular)
बिडालौ (accusative dual)
बिडाला1 (accusative dual)
बिडालान् (accusative plural)
बिडालेन (instrumental singular)
बिडालाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बिडालैः (instrumental plural)
बिडालेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
बिडालाय (dative singular)
बिडालाभ्याम् (dative dual)
बिडालेभ्यः (dative plural)
बिडालात् (ablative singular)
बिडालाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बिडालेभ्यः (ablative plural)
बिडालस्य (genitive singular)
बिडालयोः (dual genitive)
बिडालानाम् (genitive plural)
बिडाले (locative singular)
बिडालयोः (dual locative)
बिडालेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: birạ̃́u

Kashmiri: brọrᵘ

Arabic script: برۄرُ

Devanagari script: ब्रौरु

Pali: biḷāla

Prakrit: 𑀩𑀺𑀟𑀸𑀮 (biḍāla), 𑀩𑀺𑀮𑀸𑀮 (bilāla)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Awadhi: बिलारी (bilārī)

Gujarati: બિલાડો (bilāḍo), બિલાડું (bilāḍũ)

Hindustani: billā

Hindi: बिराड़, बिल्ला

Hindi: बिराड़, बिल्ला

Urdu: بِلَار (bilār), بلا

Romani: blári, brári

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: বিড়াল (biral)

Bengali: বিড়াল (biṛal)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: बिलार (bilār)

Maithili: बिलार (bilār)

Odia: ବିଡ଼ାଳ (biṛāḷa), ବିଲାଳ (bilāḷa), ବିଲାର (bilāra), ବିରାଲ (birāla), ବିରାଡ଼ି (birāṛi), ବିଲାଇ (bilāi)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Garhwali: बिराळी (birāḷī)

Kumaoni: बिरालू (birālū), बिराली (birālī), बिरलाऊ (birlāū), बिराउ (birāu)

Eastern Pahari:

Doteli: बिल्लो (billo)

Nepali: बिरालो (birālo)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ބުޅާ (buḷā), ބުޅައު (buḷau), ބެޅަލް (beḷal) — Mulaku, ބެޅައް (beḷak̊) — Addu

Sinhalese: බළලා (baḷalā)

Western:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: billā

Gurmukhi script: ਬਿੱਲਾ

Shahmukhi script: بِلَّا

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: ḇilo

Arabic script: ٻِلو

Devanagari script: ॿिलो

→ Malayalam: ബിഡാലം (biḍālaṁ)

→ Telugu: బిడాలము (biḍālamu)

/biˈɖɑː.l̪ɐ/

Borrowed from Dravidian; compare Konda-Dora [script needed] (biṛp-, “to blink”), Tulu ಬುಳಾವು (buḷāvu, “to open as the eyes”), Tamil விழி (viḻi, “eye”). The cat meaning is derived from "eyeball"; compare नेत्रपिण्ड (netrapiṇḍa), another word meaning both "cat" and "eyeball" though the literal meaning is just eyeball.


नेत्रपिण्ड

netrapiṇḍa (romanization)
नेत्रपिण्डः (nominative singular)
नेत्रपिण्डौ (dual nominative)
नेत्रपिण्डा1 (dual nominative)
नेत्रपिण्डाः (nominative plural)
नेत्रपिण्डासः1 (nominative plural)
नेत्रपिण्ड (singular vocative)
नेत्रपिण्डौ (dual vocative)
नेत्रपिण्डा1 (dual vocative)
नेत्रपिण्डाः (plural vocative)
नेत्रपिण्डासः1 (plural vocative)
नेत्रपिण्डम् (accusative singular)
नेत्रपिण्डौ (accusative dual)
नेत्रपिण्डा1 (accusative dual)
नेत्रपिण्डान् (accusative plural)
नेत्रपिण्डेन (instrumental singular)
नेत्रपिण्डाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नेत्रपिण्डैः (instrumental plural)
नेत्रपिण्डेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नेत्रपिण्डाय (dative singular)
नेत्रपिण्डाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नेत्रपिण्डेभ्यः (dative plural)
नेत्रपिण्डात् (ablative singular)
नेत्रपिण्डाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नेत्रपिण्डेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नेत्रपिण्डस्य (genitive singular)
नेत्रपिण्डयोः (dual genitive)
नेत्रपिण्डानाम् (genitive plural)
नेत्रपिण्डे (locative singular)
नेत्रपिण्डयोः (dual locative)
नेत्रपिण्डेषु (locative plural)

/n̪eːt̪.ɾɐˈpiɳ.ɖɐ/

Compound of नेत्र (netra) + पिण्ड (piṇḍa).