बालक

bālaka (romanization)
बालकः (nominative singular)
बालकौ (dual nominative)
बालका1 (dual nominative)
बालकाः (nominative plural)
बालकासः1 (nominative plural)
बालक (singular vocative)
बालकौ (dual vocative)
बालका1 (dual vocative)
बालकाः (plural vocative)
बालकासः1 (plural vocative)
बालकम् (accusative singular)
बालकौ (accusative dual)
बालका1 (accusative dual)
बालकान् (accusative plural)
बालकेन (instrumental singular)
बालकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बालकैः (instrumental plural)
बालकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
बालकाय (dative singular)
बालकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
बालकेभ्यः (dative plural)
बालकात् (ablative singular)
बालकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बालकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
बालकस्य (genitive singular)
बालकयोः (dual genitive)
बालकानाम् (genitive plural)
बालके (locative singular)
बालकयोः (dual locative)
बालकेषु (locative plural)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀩𑀸𑀮𑀅 (bālaa)

Paisaci Prakrit: 𑀧𑀸𑀴𑀓 (pāḷaka)

Pali: bālaka

→ Bengali: বালক (balok)

→ Gujarati: બાળક (bāḷka)

→ Hindi: बालक (bālak)

→ Marathi: बालक (bālak)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਬਾਲਕ (bālak)

Shahmukhi script: بالَک (bālak)

→ Tamil: பாலகன் (pālakaṉ)

desc

⇒ Telugu: బాలకుండు (bālakuṇḍu), బాలకుడు (bālakuḍu)

From बाल (bāla) + -क (-ka, diminutive suffix).


पिण्ड

píṇḍa (romanization)
पिण्डः (nominative singular)
पिण्डौ (dual nominative)
पिण्डा1 (dual nominative)
पिण्डाः (nominative plural)
पिण्डासः1 (nominative plural)
पिण्ड (singular vocative)
पिण्डौ (dual vocative)
पिण्डा1 (dual vocative)
पिण्डाः (plural vocative)
पिण्डासः1 (plural vocative)
पिण्डम् (accusative singular)
पिण्डौ (accusative dual)
पिण्डा1 (accusative dual)
पिण्डान् (accusative plural)
पिण्डेन (instrumental singular)
पिण्डाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पिण्डैः (instrumental plural)
पिण्डेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पिण्डाय (dative singular)
पिण्डाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पिण्डेभ्यः (dative plural)
पिण्डात् (ablative singular)
पिण्डाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पिण्डेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पिण्डस्य (genitive singular)
पिण्डयोः (dual genitive)
पिण्डानाम् (genitive plural)
पिण्डे (locative singular)
पिण्डयोः (dual locative)
पिण्डेषु (locative plural)
पिण्डम् (nominative singular)
पिण्डे (dual nominative)
पिण्डानि (nominative plural)
पिण्डा1 (nominative plural)
पिण्ड (singular vocative)
पिण्डे (dual vocative)
पिण्डानि (plural vocative)
पिण्डा1 (plural vocative)
पिण्डम् (accusative singular)
पिण्डे (accusative dual)
पिण्डानि (accusative plural)
पिण्डा1 (accusative plural)
पिण्डेन (instrumental singular)
पिण्डाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पिण्डैः (instrumental plural)
पिण्डेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पिण्डाय (dative singular)
पिण्डाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पिण्डेभ्यः (dative plural)
पिण्डात् (ablative singular)
पिण्डाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पिण्डेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पिण्डस्य (genitive singular)
पिण्डयोः (dual genitive)
पिण्डानाम् (genitive plural)
पिण्डे (locative singular)
पिण्डयोः (dual locative)
पिण्डेषु (locative plural)

Romani: punro, pinro, pirro

→ Khotanese: piṇḍaa- (“lump”)

→ Iranian:

desc

→ Old Armenian: պինդ (pind, “firm, dense, tight, strong”)

Due to the diverse phonetic variation in the word's relatives in modern Indo-Aryan, Turner considers the word to be borrowed from Dravidian (compare Tamil பிழி (piḻi, “squeeze”), Tamil பிண்டம் (piṇṭam, “what is squeezed”) from past *piẓi-nt- ‘squeeze’).


चातक

cātaka (romanization)
चातकः (nominative singular)
चातकौ (dual nominative)
चातकाः (nominative plural)
चातक (singular vocative)
चातकौ (dual vocative)
चातकाः (plural vocative)
चातकम् (accusative singular)
चातकौ (accusative dual)
चातकान् (accusative plural)
चातकेन (instrumental singular)
चातकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चातकैः (instrumental plural)
चातकाय (dative singular)
चातकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
चातकेभ्यः (dative plural)
चातकात् (ablative singular)
चातकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चातकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
चातकस्य (genitive singular)
चातकयोः (dual genitive)
चातकानाम् (genitive plural)
चातके (locative singular)
चातकयोः (dual locative)
चातकेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of चातक

From a diminutive of Proto-Indo-European *kʷoḱt- (see also Latin co(c)turnīx, Lithuanian vaštaka), metathesis of *u̯ortokʷ- (“quail”).

Clamator jacobinus
Clamator jacobinus#Translingual

Jacobin cuckoo, Clamator jacobinus (Śak., Ragh., Megh., etc.)


कुक्कुर

kukkura (romanization)
कुक्कुरः (nominative singular)
कुक्कुरौ (dual nominative)
कुक्कुरा1 (dual nominative)
कुक्कुराः (nominative plural)
कुक्कुरासः1 (nominative plural)
कुक्कुर (singular vocative)
कुक्कुरौ (dual vocative)
कुक्कुरा1 (dual vocative)
कुक्कुराः (plural vocative)
कुक्कुरासः1 (plural vocative)
कुक्कुरम् (accusative singular)
कुक्कुरौ (accusative dual)
कुक्कुरा1 (accusative dual)
कुक्कुरान् (accusative plural)
कुक्कुरेण (instrumental singular)
कुक्कुराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कुक्कुरैः (instrumental plural)
कुक्कुरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कुक्कुराय (dative singular)
कुक्कुराभ्याम् (dative dual)
कुक्कुरेभ्यः (dative plural)
कुक्कुरात् (ablative singular)
कुक्कुराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कुक्कुरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कुक्कुरस्य (genitive singular)
कुक्कुरयोः (dual genitive)
कुक्कुराणाम् (genitive plural)
कुक्कुरे (locative singular)
कुक्कुरयोः (dual locative)
कुक्कुरेषु (locative plural)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: কুকুৰ (kukur)

Bengali: কুকুর (kukur)

Chakma: 𑄇𑄪𑄉𑄪𑄢𑄴 (kugur)

Maithili: कुकुर (kukur)

Odia: କୁକୁର (kukura)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਕੂਕਰ (kūkkar)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Awadhi: कूकर (kūkar)

Nepali: कुकुर (kukura)

→ Kannada: ಕುಕ್ಕುರ (kukkura)

→ Malayalam: കുക്കുരം (kukkuraṁ)

→ Telugu: కుర్కురము (kurkuramu)

Onomatopoeic. Compare Prakrit 𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (kutta).


रसभ

rasabha (romanization)
रसभः (nominative singular)
रसभौ (dual nominative)
रसभाः (nominative plural)
रसभ (singular vocative)
रसभौ (dual vocative)
रसभाः (plural vocative)
रसभम् (accusative singular)
रसभौ (accusative dual)
रसभान् (accusative plural)
रसभेन (instrumental singular)
रसभाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रसभैः (instrumental plural)
रसभाय (dative singular)
रसभाभ्याम् (dative dual)
रसभेभ्यः (dative plural)
रसभात् (ablative singular)
रसभाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रसभेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रसभस्य (genitive singular)
रसभयोः (dual genitive)
रसभानाम् (genitive plural)
रसभे (locative singular)
रसभयोः (dual locative)
रसभेषु (locative plural)

Masculine a-stem declension of रसभ


परा

parā (romanization)
परा (nominative singular)
परे (dual nominative)
पराः (nominative plural)
परे (singular vocative)
परे (dual vocative)
पराः (plural vocative)
पराम् (accusative singular)
परे (accusative dual)
पराः (accusative plural)
परया (instrumental singular)
पराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पराभिः (instrumental plural)
परायै (dative singular)
पराभ्याम् (dative dual)
पराभ्यः (dative plural)
परायाः (ablative singular)
पराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पराभ्यः (ablative plural)
परायाः (genitive singular)
परयोः (dual genitive)
परानाम् (genitive plural)
परायाम् (locative singular)
परयोः (dual locative)
परासु (locative plural)

Feminine ā-stem declension of परा


हरित्

harít (romanization)
हरित् (nominative singular)
हरितौ (dual nominative)
हरिता1 (dual nominative)
हरितः (nominative plural)
हरित् (singular vocative)
हरितौ (dual vocative)
हरिता1 (dual vocative)
हरितः (plural vocative)
हरितम् (accusative singular)
हरितौ (accusative dual)
हरिता1 (accusative dual)
हरितः (accusative plural)
हरिता (instrumental singular)
हरिद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हरिद्भिः (instrumental plural)
हरिते (dative singular)
हरिद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
हरिद्भ्यः (dative plural)
हरितः (ablative singular)
हरिद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
हरिद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
हरितः (genitive singular)
हरितोः (dual genitive)
हरिताम् (genitive plural)
हरिति (locative singular)
हरितोः (dual locative)
हरित्सु (locative plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-
Proto-Indo-European *-is
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰárHiš
Sanskrit हरि (hari)
Sanskrit हरित् (harit)
From हरि (hári, “yellow, green”); see there for more.


आर

āra (romanization)
आरम् (nominative singular)
आरे (dual nominative)
आरानि (nominative plural)
आर (singular vocative)
आरे (dual vocative)
आरानि (plural vocative)
आरम् (accusative singular)
आरे (accusative dual)
आरानि (accusative plural)
आरेन (instrumental singular)
आराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आरैः (instrumental plural)
आराय (dative singular)
आराभ्याम् (dative dual)
आरेभ्यः (dative plural)
आरात् (ablative singular)
आराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
आरस्य (genitive singular)
आरयोः (dual genitive)
आरानाम् (genitive plural)
आरे (locative singular)
आरयोः (dual locative)
आरेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">आर</i>


आर

āra (romanization)
आरः (nominative singular)
आरौ (dual nominative)
आराः (nominative plural)
आर (singular vocative)
आरौ (dual vocative)
आराः (plural vocative)
आरम् (accusative singular)
आरौ (accusative dual)
आरान् (accusative plural)
आरेन (instrumental singular)
आराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आरैः (instrumental plural)
आराय (dative singular)
आराभ्याम् (dative dual)
आरेभ्यः (dative plural)
आरात् (ablative singular)
आराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
आरस्य (genitive singular)
आरयोः (dual genitive)
आरानाम् (genitive plural)
आरे (locative singular)
आरयोः (dual locative)
आरेषु (locative plural)

Masculine a-stem declension of आर


आर

Masculine a-stem declension of आर

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἄρης (Árēs).


पुष्कर

puṣkara (romanization)
पुष्करम् (nominative singular)
पुष्करे (dual nominative)
पुष्करानि (nominative plural)
पुष्कर (singular vocative)
पुष्करे (dual vocative)
पुष्करानि (plural vocative)
पुष्करम् (accusative singular)
पुष्करे (accusative dual)
पुष्करानि (accusative plural)
पुष्करेन (instrumental singular)
पुष्कराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पुष्करैः (instrumental plural)
पुष्कराय (dative singular)
पुष्कराभ्याम् (dative dual)
पुष्करेभ्यः (dative plural)
पुष्करात् (ablative singular)
पुष्कराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पुष्करेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पुष्करस्य (genitive singular)
पुष्करयोः (dual genitive)
पुष्करानाम् (genitive plural)
पुष्करे (locative singular)
पुष्करयोः (dual locative)
पुष्करेषु (locative plural)

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">पुष्कर</i>

पुष्कराभ्याम्

पुष्कराभ्याम्

पुष्कराभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

पुष्कराभ्याम्

पुष्कराभ्याम्

पुष्कराभ्याम्

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀭 (pukkhara)

→ Telugu: పుష్కరము (puṣkaramu)


कच्छप

kacchapa (romanization)
कच्छपः (nominative singular)
कच्छपौ (dual nominative)
कच्छपा1 (dual nominative)
कच्छपाः (nominative plural)
कच्छपासः1 (nominative plural)
कच्छप (singular vocative)
कच्छपौ (dual vocative)
कच्छपा1 (dual vocative)
कच्छपाः (plural vocative)
कच्छपासः1 (plural vocative)
कच्छपम् (accusative singular)
कच्छपौ (accusative dual)
कच्छपा1 (accusative dual)
कच्छपान् (accusative plural)
कच्छपेन (instrumental singular)
कच्छपाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कच्छपैः (instrumental plural)
कच्छपेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कच्छपाय (dative singular)
कच्छपाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कच्छपेभ्यः (dative plural)
कच्छपात् (ablative singular)
कच्छपाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कच्छपेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कच्छपस्य (genitive singular)
कच्छपयोः (dual genitive)
कच्छपानाम् (genitive plural)
कच्छपे (locative singular)
कच्छपयोः (dual locative)
कच्छपेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

→ Kashmiri:

Arabic script: کۆچُو (kocuv)

Devanagari script: कॊचुव (kocuv)

Sharada script: 𑆑𑆾𑇌𑆖𑆶𑆮 (kocuv)

Pali: kacchapa

→ Lao: ກັດສະປະ (kat sa pa)

→ Thai: กัจฉปะ (gàt-chà-bpà)

desc

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀯 (kacchava), 𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀯𑀻 (kacchavī)

Central:

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:

Awadhi: कचुआ (kacuā)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀯 (kacchava)

⇒ Sauraseni Prakrit: *𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀯-𑀕 (*kacchava-ga)

Gurjara Apabhramsa:

Old Gujarati:

Gujarati: કાચબો (kācbo)

Malvi: काछबो (kāchbo)

Mewari: काछबो (kāchbo)

Sauraseni Apabhramsa:

Hindustani: kachuā, kachwā, kachuī, kachwī

Hindi: कछुआ, कछवा, कछुई, कछवी

Hindi: कछुआ, कछवा, कछुई, कछवी

Urdu: کَچُھوا (kachuā), کَچھْوَا (kachvā), کَچھُءَا, کَچھْوَا (kachvā)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀯 (kacchava)

Assamese: কাছ (kaso)

Bengali: কচ্ছপ (kocchop), কাছিম (kachim)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: कचुआ (kacuā)

Maithili: काचु (kācʉ)

Odia: କେଛୁ (kechu), କଇଛୋ (kaicho), କେଁଛୂ (kẽchu), କଇଁଛ (kaĩcha), କଇଁଚ (kaĩca), କଛିମ (kachima), କଚିମ (kacima)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Nepali: कछुवा (kachuwā)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: kacchū

Gurmukhi script: ਕੱਛੂ, [Term?]

Shahmukhi script: کَچّھُو, [Term?]

Southern:

desctree

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀯 (kacchava)
Konkani: kā̃sav
Devanagari script: कांसव
Kannada script: ಕಾಂಸವ್
Latin script: kansov
Marathi: कासव (kāsav)

Konkani: kāsavu

Devanagari script: कासवु

Latin script: kasovu

Kannada script: ಕಾಸವು

Marathi: कासव (kāsav), कांसव (kāusav)

desc

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀪 (kacchabha), 𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀳 (kacchaha)

Central:

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀪 (kacchabha)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: কাছ (kas)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ކަހަނބު (kahaᵐbu)

Sinhalese: කැසුඹු (kæsuᵐbu), කැසුබු (kæsubu)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: કાચબો (kācbo), કાચબી (kācbī)

/ˈkɐt̪.t͡ɕʰɐ.pɐ/

[ˈkɐt̪̚.t͡ɕʰɐ.pɐ]

From earlier कश्यप (kaśyápa), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kaćyápas. Cognate with Persian کشف (kašaf, “tortoise”) and Khotanese khuysaa- (“tortoise, frog”). Form influenced by कच्छ "shore" and पा "to guard".


तुलसी

→ Bengali: তুলসী (tulośi)

→ Hindi: तुलसी (tulsī)

→ Kannada: ತುಲಸಿ (tulasi)

Marathi: तुळस (tuḷas)

Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *tuḷacV.


चतुर

catura (romanization)
चतुरः (nominative singular)
चतुरौ (dual nominative)
चतुरा1 (dual nominative)
चतुराः (nominative plural)
चतुरासः1 (nominative plural)
चतुर (singular vocative)
चतुरौ (dual vocative)
चतुरा1 (dual vocative)
चतुराः (plural vocative)
चतुरासः1 (plural vocative)
चतुरम् (accusative singular)
चतुरौ (accusative dual)
चतुरा1 (accusative dual)
चतुरान् (accusative plural)
चतुरेण (instrumental singular)
चतुराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चतुरैः (instrumental plural)
चतुरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
चतुराय (dative singular)
चतुराभ्याम् (dative dual)
चतुरेभ्यः (dative plural)
चतुरात् (ablative singular)
चतुराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चतुरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
चतुरस्य (genitive singular)
चतुरयोः (dual genitive)
चतुराणाम् (genitive plural)
चतुरे (locative singular)
चतुरयोः (dual locative)
चतुरेषु (locative plural)

/ˈt͡ɕɐ.t̪u.ɾɐ/

Of unclear origin.
Traditionally derived from चतुर् (catur, “four”), with an interpretation of "having the four"; the four in question are folk-etymologically interpreted as the Vedas.
An alternative theory considers the word a Dravidian borrowing; compare Tamil சதுர் (catur, “ability, skill, dexterity”) and Telugu చదువు (caduvu, “to read, study”). In light of the exact phonetic and semantic match as well as the word's lack of attestation in Vedic, this derivation is quite likely. However, it is also possible that the Dravidian terms are borrowed from Indo-Aryan rather than the other way around.
The relation to words like चटुल (caṭula, “trembling, unsteady, fine”), चटु (caṭu, “kind or flattering words”), and चाटु (cāṭu, “pleasing words, flattery”) is unclear and uncertain.

cog

Labeo rohita, a fish of the carp family Cyprinidae, found in the Ganges river


आम्र

āmrá (romanization)
आम्रः (nominative singular)
आम्रौ (dual nominative)
आम्रा1 (dual nominative)
आम्राः (nominative plural)
आम्रासः1 (nominative plural)
आम्र (singular vocative)
आम्रौ (dual vocative)
आम्रा1 (dual vocative)
आम्राः (plural vocative)
आम्रासः1 (plural vocative)
आम्रम् (accusative singular)
आम्रौ (accusative dual)
आम्रा1 (accusative dual)
आम्रान् (accusative plural)
आम्रेण (instrumental singular)
आम्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आम्रैः (instrumental plural)
आम्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
आम्राय (dative singular)
आम्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
आम्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
आम्रात् (ablative singular)
आम्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आम्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
आम्रस्य (genitive singular)
आम्रयोः (dual genitive)
आम्राणाम् (genitive plural)
आम्रे (locative singular)
आम्रयोः (dual locative)
आम्रेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri:

Arabic script: اَمب (amb)

Devanagari script: अंब (aṃb)

Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀩 (aṃba)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀩 (aṃba)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀩 (aṃba)

Assamese: আম (am)

Bengali: আম (am)

Bhojpuri:

Devanagari script: आम (ām)

Kaithi script: 𑂄𑂧 (ām)

Chakma: 𑄃𑄟𑄴

Odia: ଆମ୍ବ (āmba)

Rohingya:

Hanifi Rohingya script: 𐴀𐴝𐴔𐴧 (amm)

Latin script: amm

Sylheti: ꠀꠝ (am)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀩 (aṃba)

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: आंबा (āṃbā)

Modi script: 𑘁𑘽𑘤 (āṃba)

Konkani:

Devanagari script: आम्बो (āmbô)

Kannada script: ಆಂಬೊ (āmbô)

Latin script: ambo

desc

→ Arabic: عَنْبَة (ʕanba), عَنْبَا (ʕanbā)

→ Middle Armenian: անապ (anap), անպ (anp)

→ Somali: cámbe

→ Middle Persian: *anbag

Persian: انبه (anbe)

Baluchi: ہمب (humb)

→ Arabic: أَنْبَج (ʔanbaj)

→ Middle Armenian: ամպաճ (ampač), անպաճ (anpač), անապաճ (anapač)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀩 (aṃba)

Dogri:

Devanagari script: अम्ब (amb)

Dogra script: 𑠀𑠢𑠹𑠠 (amba)

Hindustani:

Hindi: आम (ām)

Urdu: آم (ām)

Kachchi: આમુ (āmu)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਅੰਬ (amba)

Shahmukhi script: اَمْب (amb)

Marwari: आंब (āmb)

Saurashtra:

Saurashtra script: ꢂꢀꢨꣁ (aṃbo)

Tamil script: அம்பொ (ambo)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: اَنبُ

Devanagari script: अंबु

Khasa Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀩 (aṃba)

→ Nepali: आँप (ā̃p)

Dhivehi: އަނބު (aᵐbu)

Pali: amba

q

→ Swahili: embe (an early borrowing from an Indo-Iranian language)

→ Tocharian B: āmpär

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂h₃m-ro- (“sour”). Compare अम्ल (amla, “sour”), Proto-Germanic *ampraz (“sour”), Latin amārus (“bitter, sharp tasting”).

Mangifera indica
Mangifera indica#Translingual


खण्ड

khaṇḍa (romanization)
खण्डः (nominative singular)
खण्डौ (dual nominative)
खण्डा1 (dual nominative)
खण्डाः (nominative plural)
खण्डासः1 (nominative plural)
खण्ड (singular vocative)
खण्डौ (dual vocative)
खण्डा1 (dual vocative)
खण्डाः (plural vocative)
खण्डासः1 (plural vocative)
खण्डम् (accusative singular)
खण्डौ (accusative dual)
खण्डा1 (accusative dual)
खण्डान् (accusative plural)
खण्डेन (instrumental singular)
खण्डाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
खण्डैः (instrumental plural)
खण्डेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
खण्डाय (dative singular)
खण्डाभ्याम् (dative dual)
खण्डेभ्यः (dative plural)
खण्डात् (ablative singular)
खण्डाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
खण्डेभ्यः (ablative plural)
खण्डस्य (genitive singular)
खण्डयोः (dual genitive)
खण्डानाम् (genitive plural)
खण्डे (locative singular)
खण्डयोः (dual locative)
खण्डेषु (locative plural)
खण्डम् (nominative singular)
खण्डे (dual nominative)
खण्डानि (nominative plural)
खण्डा1 (nominative plural)
खण्ड (singular vocative)
खण्डे (dual vocative)
खण्डानि (plural vocative)
खण्डा1 (plural vocative)
खण्डम् (accusative singular)
खण्डे (accusative dual)
खण्डानि (accusative plural)
खण्डा1 (accusative plural)
खण्डेन (instrumental singular)
खण्डाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
खण्डैः (instrumental plural)
खण्डेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
खण्डाय (dative singular)
खण्डाभ्याम् (dative dual)
खण्डेभ्यः (dative plural)
खण्डात् (ablative singular)
खण्डाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
खण्डेभ्यः (ablative plural)
खण्डस्य (genitive singular)
खण्डयोः (dual genitive)
खण्डानाम् (genitive plural)
खण्डे (locative singular)
खण्डयोः (dual locative)
खण्डेषु (locative plural)

An internally-derived word, likely of non-Indo-European, probably Dravidian origin; compare Tamil கண்டு (kaṇṭu, “hard candy”), கண்டம் (kaṇṭam, “piece, part”), Tamil கட்டு (kaṭṭu, “to harden, condense”), Tamil கண்டி (kaṇṭi, “to cut”). Watkins instead suggests a borrowing from Munda, while Mayrhofer mentions a potential connection to क्षद् (kṣad, “to cut, carve”).


चकोर

cakora (romanization)
चकोरः (nominative singular)
चकोरौ (dual nominative)
चकोराः (nominative plural)
चकोर (singular vocative)
चकोरौ (dual vocative)
चकोराः (plural vocative)
चकोरम् (accusative singular)
चकोरौ (accusative dual)
चकोरान् (accusative plural)
चकोरेन (instrumental singular)
चकोराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चकोरैः (instrumental plural)
चकोराय (dative singular)
चकोराभ्याम् (dative dual)
चकोरेभ्यः (dative plural)
चकोरात् (ablative singular)
चकोराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चकोरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
चकोरस्य (genitive singular)
चकोरयोः (dual genitive)
चकोरानाम् (genitive plural)
चकोरे (locative singular)
चकोरयोः (dual locative)
चकोरेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of चकोर

Pali: cakora

→ Chinese: 鷓鴣 /鹧鸪 (zhègū)

the Greek partridge (Perdix rufa) fabled to subsist on moon beams


रुद्राक्ष

rudrākṣa (romanization)
रुद्राक्षः (nominative singular)
रुद्राक्षौ (dual nominative)
रुद्राक्षा1 (dual nominative)
रुद्राक्षाः (nominative plural)
रुद्राक्षासः1 (nominative plural)
रुद्राक्ष (singular vocative)
रुद्राक्षौ (dual vocative)
रुद्राक्षा1 (dual vocative)
रुद्राक्षाः (plural vocative)
रुद्राक्षासः1 (plural vocative)
रुद्राक्षम् (accusative singular)
रुद्राक्षौ (accusative dual)
रुद्राक्षा1 (accusative dual)
रुद्राक्षान् (accusative plural)
रुद्राक्षेण (instrumental singular)
रुद्राक्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रुद्राक्षैः (instrumental plural)
रुद्राक्षेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
रुद्राक्षाय (dative singular)
रुद्राक्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
रुद्राक्षेभ्यः (dative plural)
रुद्राक्षात् (ablative singular)
रुद्राक्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रुद्राक्षेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रुद्राक्षस्य (genitive singular)
रुद्राक्षयोः (dual genitive)
रुद्राक्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
रुद्राक्षे (locative singular)
रुद्राक्षयोः (dual locative)
रुद्राक्षेषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀭𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀓𑁆𑀔 (ruddakkha)

→ Assamese: ৰুদ্ৰাক্ষ (rudrakh)

→ Bengali: রুদ্রাক্ষ (rudrakkho)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: रुद्राक्ष (rudrākṣ)

desc

Urdu: رُدراکش

Urdu: رُدراکش

→ Kannada: ರುದ್ರಾಕ್ಷ (rudrākṣa) (learned)

→ Malayalam: രുദ്രാക്ഷം (rudrākṣaṁ) (learned)

→ Marathi: रुद्राक्ष (rudrākṣa) (learned)

→ Nepali: रुद्राक्ष (rudrākṣa) (learned)

→ Odia: ରୁଦ୍ରାକ୍ଷ (rudrāksha) (learned)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਰੁੱਦਰਾਖ (ruddarākh)

Shahmukhi script: ردراکھ (rdrākh)

உருத்திராக்கம்

→ Tamil: உருத்திராக்கம் (uruttirākkam)

రుద్రాక్షచెట్టు

→ Telugu: రుద్రాక్షచెట్టు (rudrākṣaceṭṭu)

/ɾud̪ˈɾɑːk.ʂɐ/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *HrewdH-
Sanskrit रुद् (rud)
Sanskrit -र (-ra)
Sanskrit रु॒द्र (rudrá)
Sanskrit अ॒क्ष (akṣá)
Sanskrit रुद्राक्ष (rudrākṣa)
Compound of रु॒द्र (rudrá, “Shiva”) + अ॒क्ष (akṣá, “die”).

etymon

रु॒द्र>Rudra

com+

a tree used for rosaries and held sacred in Hinduism, the rudraksha, Elaeocarpus angustifolius


गन्धक

gandhaka (romanization)
गन्धकः (nominative singular)
गन्धकौ (dual nominative)
गन्धका1 (dual nominative)
गन्धकाः (nominative plural)
गन्धकासः1 (nominative plural)
गन्धक (singular vocative)
गन्धकौ (dual vocative)
गन्धका1 (dual vocative)
गन्धकाः (plural vocative)
गन्धकासः1 (plural vocative)
गन्धकम् (accusative singular)
गन्धकौ (accusative dual)
गन्धका1 (accusative dual)
गन्धकान् (accusative plural)
गन्धकेन (instrumental singular)
गन्धकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गन्धकैः (instrumental plural)
गन्धकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गन्धकाय (dative singular)
गन्धकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गन्धकेभ्यः (dative plural)
गन्धकात् (ablative singular)
गन्धकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गन्धकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गन्धकस्य (genitive singular)
गन्धकयोः (dual genitive)
गन्धकानाम् (genitive plural)
गन्धके (locative singular)
गन्धकयोः (dual locative)
गन्धकेषु (locative plural)

→ Kannada: ಗಂಧಕ (gandhaka)

→ Malayalam: ഗന്ധകം (gandhakaṁ)

→ Tamil: கந்தகம் (kantakam)

→ Telugu: గంధకము (gandhakamu)

/ˈɡɐn̪.d̪ʱɐ.kɐ/

Hyperanthera moringa L.
Moringa oleifera


शेष

śeṣa (romanization)
शेषः (nominative singular)
शेषौ (dual nominative)
शेषा1 (dual nominative)
शेषाः (nominative plural)
शेषासः1 (nominative plural)
शेष (singular vocative)
शेषौ (dual vocative)
शेषा1 (dual vocative)
शेषाः (plural vocative)
शेषासः1 (plural vocative)
शेषम् (accusative singular)
शेषौ (accusative dual)
शेषा1 (accusative dual)
शेषान् (accusative plural)
शेषेण (instrumental singular)
शेषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शेषैः (instrumental plural)
शेषेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शेषाय (dative singular)
शेषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शेषेभ्यः (dative plural)
शेषात् (ablative singular)
शेषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शेषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शेषस्य (genitive singular)
शेषयोः (dual genitive)
शेषाणाम् (genitive plural)
शेषे (locative singular)
शेषयोः (dual locative)
शेषेषु (locative plural)
शेषम् (nominative singular)
शेषे (dual nominative)
शेषाणि (nominative plural)
शेषा1 (nominative plural)
शेष (singular vocative)
शेषे (dual vocative)
शेषाणि (plural vocative)
शेषा1 (plural vocative)
शेषम् (accusative singular)
शेषे (accusative dual)
शेषाणि (accusative plural)
शेषा1 (accusative plural)
शेषेण (instrumental singular)
शेषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शेषैः (instrumental plural)
शेषेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शेषाय (dative singular)
शेषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शेषेभ्यः (dative plural)
शेषात् (ablative singular)
शेषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शेषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शेषस्य (genitive singular)
शेषयोः (dual genitive)
शेषाणाम् (genitive plural)
शेषे (locative singular)
शेषयोः (dual locative)
शेषेषु (locative plural)

Pali: sesa

→ Hindi: शेष (śeṣ)

→ Kannada: ಶೇಷ (śēṣa)

→ Malayalam: ശേഷം (śēṣaṁ)

→ Old Marathi: शेष (śeṣa)

Marathi: शेष (śeṣ)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śayṣ- (“to remain”). See शिष्ट (śiṣṭa) for more.


गन्धर्व

gandharvá (romanization)
गन्धर्वः (nominative singular)
गन्धर्वौ (dual nominative)
गन्धर्वा1 (dual nominative)
गन्धर्वाः (nominative plural)
गन्धर्वासः1 (nominative plural)
गन्धर्व (singular vocative)
गन्धर्वौ (dual vocative)
गन्धर्वा1 (dual vocative)
गन्धर्वाः (plural vocative)
गन्धर्वासः1 (plural vocative)
गन्धर्वम् (accusative singular)
गन्धर्वौ (accusative dual)
गन्धर्वा1 (accusative dual)
गन्धर्वान् (accusative plural)
गन्धर्वेण (instrumental singular)
गन्धर्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गन्धर्वैः (instrumental plural)
गन्धर्वेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गन्धर्वाय (dative singular)
गन्धर्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गन्धर्वेभ्यः (dative plural)
गन्धर्वात् (ablative singular)
गन्धर्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गन्धर्वेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गन्धर्वस्य (genitive singular)
गन्धर्वयोः (dual genitive)
गन्धर्वाणाम् (genitive plural)
गन्धर्वे (locative singular)
गन्धर्वयोः (dual locative)
गन्धर्वेषु (locative plural)

Pali: gandhabba

Prakrit: 𑀕𑀁𑀥𑀯𑁆𑀯 (gaṃdhavva)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: gandharwa
Javanese: ꦒꦤ꧀ꦢꦂꦮ (gandarwa)
→ Indonesian: gêndêruwo
→ Balinese: ᬕᬦ᭄ᬥᬃᬯ᭄ᬯ (gandarwa)

/ɡɐn.dʱɐɾ.ʋɐ́/

/ɡɐn̪ˈd̪ʱɐɾ.ʋɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *gandʰarwás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *g(ʰ)andʰarwás ~ *g(ʰ)andʰarbʰás, ultimately likely from a BMAC substrate. Cognate with Younger Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬧𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬡𐬀 (gaṇdər^əβa), 𐬔𐬀𐬧𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬡𐬀 (gaṇdar^əβa). Compare also Ancient Greek Κένταυρος (Kéntauros), to which it is often likened.


सूर्यकान्त

‘sun-loved’, the sun-stone, sun-crystal (a kind of crystal supposed to possess fabulous properties as giving out heat when exposed to the sun; there is a corresponding moonstone » चन्द्र-क्°; also °त-मणि)


कीर

kīra (romanization)
कीरः (nominative singular)
कीरौ (dual nominative)
कीराः (nominative plural)
कीर (singular vocative)
कीरौ (dual vocative)
कीराः (plural vocative)
कीरम् (accusative singular)
कीरौ (accusative dual)
कीरान् (accusative plural)
कीरेन (instrumental singular)
कीराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कीरैः (instrumental plural)
कीराय (dative singular)
कीराभ्याम् (dative dual)
कीरेभ्यः (dative plural)
कीरात् (ablative singular)
कीराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कीरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कीरस्य (genitive singular)
कीरयोः (dual genitive)
कीरानाम् (genitive plural)
कीरे (locative singular)
कीरयोः (dual locative)
कीरेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of कीर

→ Malayalam: കീരം (kīraṁ)

Sinhalese: කීර (kīra), ගිරවා (girawā)

→ Telugu: కీరము (kīramu)

Perhaps related to Old Tamil 𑀓𑀺𑀴𑀺 (kiḷi).


मन्मथ

Balinese: ᬫᬣ (mata)

Tamil: மன்மதன் (maṉmataṉ)

Telugu: మన్మథుడు (manmathuḍu)

name of a physician and various other men


चन्दन

candana (romanization)
चन्दनः (nominative singular)
चन्दनौ (dual nominative)
चन्दनाः (nominative plural)
चन्दन (singular vocative)
चन्दनौ (dual vocative)
चन्दनाः (plural vocative)
चन्दनम् (accusative singular)
चन्दनौ (accusative dual)
चन्दनान् (accusative plural)
चन्दनेन (instrumental singular)
चन्दनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चन्दनैः (instrumental plural)
चन्दनाय (dative singular)
चन्दनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
चन्दनेभ्यः (dative plural)
चन्दनात् (ablative singular)
चन्दनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चन्दनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
चन्दनस्य (genitive singular)
चन्दनयोः (dual genitive)
चन्दनानाम् (genitive plural)
चन्दने (locative singular)
चन्दनयोः (dual locative)
चन्दनेषु (locative plural)

Masculine a-stem declension of चन्दन

चन्दनाभ्याम्

चन्दनाभ्याम्

चन्दनाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

चन्दनाभ्याम्

चन्दनाभ्याम्

चन्दनाभ्याम्

Assamese: চন্দন (sondon)

Bengali: চন্দন (condon)

desc

Gandhari: 𐨕𐨣𐨞 (canaṇa), 𐨕𐨎𐨡𐨣𐨎 (caṃdanaṃ)

Byzantine Greek: σάνδανον (sándanon)

desctree

→ Middle Persian: cndl (/čandal/)
→ Arabic: صَنْدَل (ṣandal) (see there for further descendants)
→ Classical Syriac: ܨܢܕܠ (ṣandal)

Gujarati: ચંદન (candan)

Hindi: चन्दन (candan)

Punjabi: ਚੰਦਨ (candan)

→ Old Armenian: ճանդան (čandan) (via an Iranian language)

→ Armenian: ճանդան (čandan)

desc

→ Middle Chinese: 栴檀 (t͡ɕiᴇn dɑn /t͡ɕiᴇn dɑn/)

Cantonese: 栴檀 (zin1 taan4)

Mandarin: 栴檀 (zhāntán)

→ Japanese: 栴檀 (sendan)

→ Korean: 전단(栴檀) (jeondan)

→ Byzantine Greek: τζανδάναν (tzandánan) (in Cosmas Indicopleustes)

→ Kannada: ಚಂದನ (candana)

→ Lao: ຈັນ (chan)

→ Malay: cendana
Indonesian: cendana

→ Mongolian: зандан (zandan), ᠽᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ (zandan)

→ Old Turkic: 𐰲𐰃𐰣𐱃𐰣 (čïntan)

→ Pashto: چندنړ (čandaṛṇ)

→ Sogdian: 𐼿𐼻𐽂𐼻 (cntn /*čandan/)

→ Tamil: சந்தனம் (cantaṉam)

→ Malayalam: ചന്ദനം (candanaṁ)

→ Telugu: చందనము (candanamu)

→ Thai: จันทน์ (jan)

→ Classical Tibetan: ཙན་དན (tsan dan)

Dzongkha: ཙན་དན (tsan dan)

Tibetan: ཙན་དན (tsan dan)

→ Tocharian B: cantāṃ

/ˈt͡ɕɐn̪.d̪ɐ.n̪ɐ/

Usually derived from चन्दति (candati, “to shine”), but probably a Dravidian borrowing: compare Tamil சாந்து (cāntu, “Santalum tree”), சாந்தம் (cāntam, “sandalwood”), Malayalam ചാന്ത് (cāntŭ, “sandal paste”).


अजगर

ajagará (romanization)
अजगरः (nominative singular)
अजगरौ (dual nominative)
अजगरा1 (dual nominative)
अजगराः (nominative plural)
अजगरासः1 (nominative plural)
अजगर (singular vocative)
अजगरौ (dual vocative)
अजगरा1 (dual vocative)
अजगराः (plural vocative)
अजगरासः1 (plural vocative)
अजगरम् (accusative singular)
अजगरौ (accusative dual)
अजगरा1 (accusative dual)
अजगरान् (accusative plural)
अजगरेण (instrumental singular)
अजगराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अजगरैः (instrumental plural)
अजगरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अजगराय (dative singular)
अजगराभ्याम् (dative dual)
अजगरेभ्यः (dative plural)
अजगरात् (ablative singular)
अजगराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अजगरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अजगरस्य (genitive singular)
अजगरयोः (dual genitive)
अजगराणाम् (genitive plural)
अजगरे (locative singular)
अजगरयोः (dual locative)
अजगरेषु (locative plural)

Pali: ajagara

Prakrit: 𑀅𑀚𑀕𑀭 (ajagara), 𑀅𑀬𑀕𑀭 (ayagara)

Marathi: आर (ār)

→ Assamese: অজগৰ (ozogor)

→ Bengali: অজগর (ojogor)

→ Gujarati: અજગર (ajagar)

→ Hindi: अजगर (ajgar)

→ Konkani: अजगर (ajgar)

→ Marathi: अजगर (ajgar)

→ Telugu: అజగరము (ajagaramu)

/ɐ.d͡ʑɐ.ɡɐ.ɾɐ́/

/ˈɐ.d͡ʑɐ.ɡɐ.ɾɐ/

Compound of अज (aja, “goat”) + गर (gara, “swallowing; swallower”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷórh₃-o-s (“swallowing; swallower”). Compare Ancient Greek βόρος (bóros, “swallowing; a swallower”). Literally meaning "goat swallower".

cog

शिंशुमारा अजगराः पुरीकया जषा मत्स्या रजसा येभ्यो अस्यसि ।
न ते दूरं न परिष्ठास्ति ते भव सद्यः सर्वां परि पश्यसि भूमिं पूर्वस्माद्धंस्युत्तरस्मिन्त्समुद्रे ॥
śiṃśumā́rā ajagarā́ḥ purīkáyā jaṣā́ mátsyā rajasā́ yébhyo ásyasi.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 11.2.25

Porpoises, serpents, strange aquatic monsters, fishes, and things unclean at which thou shootest.
Nothing is far for thee, naught stops thee, Bhava! The whole earth in a moment thou surveyest. From the east sea thou smitest in the northern.

ná te dūráṃ ná pariṣṭhā́sti te bhava sadyáḥ sárvāṃ pári paśyasi bhū́miṃ pū́rvasmāddhaṃsyúttarasmintsamudré.


मीन

mīna (romanization)
मीनः (nominative singular)
मीनौ (dual nominative)
मीना1 (dual nominative)
मीनाः (nominative plural)
मीनासः1 (nominative plural)
मीन (singular vocative)
मीनौ (dual vocative)
मीना1 (dual vocative)
मीनाः (plural vocative)
मीनासः1 (plural vocative)
मीनम् (accusative singular)
मीनौ (accusative dual)
मीना1 (accusative dual)
मीनान् (accusative plural)
मीनेन (instrumental singular)
मीनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मीनैः (instrumental plural)
मीनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मीनाय (dative singular)
मीनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मीनेभ्यः (dative plural)
मीनात् (ablative singular)
मीनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मीनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मीनस्य (genitive singular)
मीनयोः (dual genitive)
मीनानाम् (genitive plural)
मीने (locative singular)
मीनयोः (dual locative)
मीनेषु (locative plural)

→ Burmese: မိန် (min)

→ Hindi: मीन (mīn)

Marathi: मीन (mīn)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: mīna
> Javanese: ꦩꦶꦤ (mina) (inherited)

Pali: mīna
→ Khmer: មីន (miin)
→ Thai: มีน (miin)

→ Khmer: មីនា (miinaa)

→ Telugu: మీనము (mīnamu)

→ Thai: มีน (miin)

Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *mīn; compare Tamil மீன் (mīṉ). Alternative derivations from Proto-Indo-European (compare Ancient Greek μαίνη (maínē, “blotched picarel”), English minnow, Russian мин (min, “burbot”), Latvian mitrs (“moist”)) are less likely.


दिव्य

divyá (romanization)
दिव्यम् (nominative singular)
दिव्ये (dual nominative)
दिव्यानि (nominative plural)
दिव्या1 (nominative plural)
दिव्य (singular vocative)
दिव्ये (dual vocative)
दिव्यानि (plural vocative)
दिव्या1 (plural vocative)
दिव्यम् (accusative singular)
दिव्ये (accusative dual)
दिव्यानि (accusative plural)
दिव्या1 (accusative plural)
दिव्येन (instrumental singular)
दिव्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दिव्यैः (instrumental plural)
दिव्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दिव्याय (dative singular)
दिव्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
दिव्येभ्यः (dative plural)
दिव्यात् (ablative singular)
दिव्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दिव्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
दिव्यस्य (genitive singular)
दिव्ययोः (dual genitive)
दिव्यानाम् (genitive plural)
दिव्ये (locative singular)
दिव्ययोः (dual locative)
दिव्येषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *diwyás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *diwyás, from Proto-Indo-European *diwyós (“heavenly, divine”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δῖος (dîos), Latin dīus.

inh

अग्नि अग्नि#Sanskrit

तण्डुल तण्डुल#Sanskrit

तुलसी तुलसी#Sanskrit

ordeal (10 kinds, viz. तुला (tulā), अग्नि (agni), जल (jala), विष (viṣa), कोश (kośa), तण्डुल (taṇḍula), तप्त-माष (tapta-māṣa), फाल (phāla), धर्माधर्म (dharmādharma), तुलसी (tulasī), compare ss.vv.) YĀjñ. ii, 22, 95 Pañc. i, 450/451, 451, 452, etc.


मोहन

depriving of consciousness, bewildering, confusing, perplexing, leading astray, infatuating


मोहन

cultivated fenugreek (Trigonella corniculata L.)


मोहन

Tamil: மோகனம் (mōkaṉam)

Telugu: మోహనము (mōhanamu)

the formula used in that process (esp. the hymns AV. iii, 1, 2)


नीलोत्पल

→ Bengali: নীলোৎপল (nilōtpol) (learned)

→ Hindi: नीलोत्पल (nīlotpal) (learned)

desc

→ Marathi: नीळोत्पळ (nīḷotpaḷ) (learned)

→ Odia: ନୀଳୋତ୍ପଳ (niḷotpaḷa) (learned)

→ Punjabi: ਨੀਲੋਤਪਲ (nīlotpal) (learned)

→ Middle Persian: [script needed] (nylw(k)pl /nīlōpal/, “lotus, water-lily”)

qualifier

Persian: نیلوپل (nîlôpal, nîlûpal), نیلوفل (nīlūfal), نیلوپر (nīlūpar), نیلوفر (nīlūfar, nēlōfar, nēlūfar, nīlōfar), نیلپر (nīlupar), نیلفر (nīlufar), لیلوپر (līlūpar), لیلوپل (līlūpal), نیروفر (nīrūfar), نیلوبرگ (nīlūbarg) (some forms may be influenced by Arabic)

desc

Tajik: нелӯфар (nelüfar), нилуфар (nilufar)

→ Azerbaijani: nilufər / نیلوفر

→ Bengali: নীলুফার (niluphar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: नीलोफर (nīlophar)

Kurdish:

→ Northern Kurdish: nîlûfer, nîlufer

→ Ottoman Turkish: لولوفر (lülüfer), نیلوفر (nilüfer), لوفر (lufar), نیلوپر (niluper), نیلوبرگ (niluberg)

Turkish: nilüfer

→ Crimean Tatar: nilüfer

→ Uzbek: nilufar

→ Arabic: نِلُوفَر (nilūfar), نيلوفر (naylūfar), نينوفر (naynūfar), نِينُوفَر (nīnūfar), نُوفَر (nūfar)

→ Ancient Greek: νοῦφαρ (noûphar) (from نُوفَر (nūfar))

Ancient Greek: νούφαρο (noúpharo), νούφαρα (noúphara)

Greek: νούφαρο (noúfaro), νύφαρο (nýfaro), νούφαρ (noúfar)

→ Romanian: nufăr

→ Latin: nuphar

→ Catalan: núfar

→ English: nuphar

→ Translingual: Nuphar

→ French: nuphar

→ Latin: nenuphar

→ Basque: nenufar

→ English: nenuphar

→ French: nénufar, nénuphar

→ Romanian: nenufar

→ Russian: ненюфа́р (nenjufár)

→ Galician: nenúfar

→ Italian: nenufero, nenufaro, nanufero, nannufaro, nannufero

→ Portuguese: nenúfar

→ Spanish: nenúfar

→ Middle Armenian: նունուֆար (nunufar), նոնուֆար (nonufar), նոնոփար (nonopʻar), նոնոֆար (nonofar), նունաֆար (nunafar), նինոֆար (ninofar), նիլուֆար (nilufar), լիլուֆար (lilufar), լիլուփար (lilupʻar) (some forms are from Persian)

Armenian: նունուֆար (nunufar)

→ Persian: نوفر (nufar, nawfar), نینوفر (naynūfar)

→ Aramaic:

Classical Syriac: ܢܝܠܘܦܪ (nīlūp̄ar), ܢܝܪܘܦܠ (nīrōp̄al)

Compound of नील (nīla, “blue”) + उत्पल (utpala, “lotus, water-lily”).

com+

Nymphaea nouchali
Wikispecies:Nymphaea nouchali

Nymphaea cyanea
Wikispecies:Nymphaea cyanea

blue lotus (Nymphaea nouchali, syn. Nymphaea cyanea)


कुन्ती

kuntī (romanization)
कुन्ती (nominative singular)
कुन्त्यौ (dual nominative)
कुन्ती1 (dual nominative)
कुन्त्यः (nominative plural)
कुन्तीः1 (nominative plural)
कुन्ति (singular vocative)
कुन्त्यौ (dual vocative)
कुन्ती1 (dual vocative)
कुन्त्यः (plural vocative)
कुन्तीः1 (plural vocative)
कुन्तीम् (accusative singular)
कुन्त्यौ (accusative dual)
कुन्ती1 (accusative dual)
कुन्तीः (accusative plural)
कुन्त्या (instrumental singular)
कुन्तीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कुन्तीभिः (instrumental plural)
कुन्त्यै (dative singular)
कुन्तीभ्याम् (dative dual)
कुन्तीभ्यः (dative plural)
कुन्त्याः (ablative singular)
कुन्त्यै2 (ablative singular)
कुन्तीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कुन्तीभ्यः (ablative plural)
कुन्त्याः (genitive singular)
कुन्त्यै2 (genitive singular)
कुन्त्योः (dual genitive)
कुन्तीनाम् (genitive plural)
कुन्त्याम् (locative singular)
कुन्त्योः (dual locative)
कुन्तीषु (locative plural)

English: Kunti

Telugu: కుంతి (kunti)


नल

the 50th year of the cycle of Jupiter which lasts 60 years Cat.


तण्डुल

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀢𑀁𑀤𑀼𑀮 (taṃdula)

Magadhi Prakrit:

desc

Old Bengali: *তাঁডুল (*tā̃ḍula), তাউল (tāula)

Middle Bengali: তাঁড়ুল (tãṛul)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀢𑀁𑀟𑀼𑀮 (taṃḍula), 𑀢𑀁𑀤𑀼𑀮 (taṃdula)

Konkani: तांदूळ (tāndūḷ)

Old Marathi: तांदुळ (tāṃduḷa)

Marathi: तांदूळ (tāndūḷ)

Niya Prakrit: Gandhari: 𐨟𐨎𐨜𐨂𐨫 (taṃḍula)

Pali: taṇḍula

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Old Gujarati:

Gujarati: તાંદળો (tā̃daḷo)

Malvi: तांदूल (tāndūl)

→ Telugu: తండులము (taṇḍulamu)

/ˈt̪ɐɳ.ɖu.l̪ɐ/

तण्डुलः धान्यतः आगच्छति।

grain (after threshing and winnowing), especially rice; uncooked rice


उदुम्बर

udumbara (romanization)
उदुम्बरः (nominative singular)
उदुम्बरौ (dual nominative)
उदुम्बराः (nominative plural)
उदुम्बर (singular vocative)
उदुम्बरौ (dual vocative)
उदुम्बराः (plural vocative)
उदुम्बरम् (accusative singular)
उदुम्बरौ (accusative dual)
उदुम्बरान् (accusative plural)
उदुम्बरेण (instrumental singular)
उदुम्बराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उदुम्बरैः (instrumental plural)
उदुम्बराय (dative singular)
उदुम्बराभ्याम् (dative dual)
उदुम्बरेभ्यः (dative plural)
उदुम्बरात् (ablative singular)
उदुम्बराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उदुम्बरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उदुम्बरस्य (genitive singular)
उदुम्बरयोः (dual genitive)
उदुम्बराणाम् (genitive plural)
उदुम्बरे (locative singular)
उदुम्बरयोः (dual locative)
उदुम्बरेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of उदुम्बर

उदुम्बराभ्याम्

उदुम्बराभ्याम्

उदुम्बरेभ्यः

उदुम्बराभ्याम्

उदुम्बरेभ्यः

उदुम्बराणाम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

उदुम्बराभ्याम्

उदुम्बराभ्याम्

उदुम्बरेभ्यः

उदुम्बराभ्याम्

उदुम्बरेभ्यः

उदुम्बराणाम्

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀉𑀉𑀁𑀩𑀭 (uuṃbara)

desc

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠪᠠᠷᠠ (udumbara)

Mongolian: удамбар (udambar), ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠪᠠᠷᠠ (udumbara)

→ Classical Newar: दुम्बर, दुबल

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: ডিমৰু (dimoru)

Bengali: ডুমুর (ḍumur)

Odia: ଡିମ୍ବିରି (ḍimbiri), ଡିମିରି (ḍimiri)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Old Marathi: उंबर (uṃbara)

Marathi: उंबर (umbar)

→ Malayalam: ഉഡുംബരം (uḍumbaraṁ), ഉദുംബരം (udumbaraṁ)

→ Middle Chinese: 優曇跋 (MC 'juw dom bat); 優曇婆羅 (MC 'juw dom ba la), 優曇華 (MC 'juw dom hwae|xwae|hwaeH)

Chinese: 優曇婆羅 /优昙婆罗 (yōutánpóluó)

→ Japanese: 優曇華 (うどんげ, udonge)

→ Korean: 우담화 (udamhwa)

→ Vietnamese: ưu đàm thụ

Pali: uḍumbara

→ Khmer: ឧទុម្ពរ (ʼŏtŭmpôr)

→ Khmer: ឧទុម្ពរ (ʼŏtŭmpôr)

→ Lao: ອຸທຸມພອນ (ʼu thum phǭn)

→ Thai: อุทุมพร

→ Thai: อุทุมพร

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Old Gujarati:

Gujarati: ઊમરો (ūmaro), ઊંબરો (ū̃baro)

Old Hindi:

Hindi: ऊमर (ūmar)

q

Hindi: डूमर (ḍūmar) (although perhaps a borrowing from Magadhi)

Nepali: डुम्री (ḍumrī) (although perhaps a borrowing from Magadhi)

→ Tocharian B: udumbura

Unclear. Various etymologies have been proposed.
According to Przyluski (1926), it may be related to तुम्ब (tumba, “gourd, i.e. Lagenaria vulgaris, syn. of Benincasa hispida”), both coming from an Austroasiatic source, cf. Proto-Mon-Khmer *n(l)uuŋ ~ *n(l)uŋ (“gourd”), possibly through Proto-Khasic *dluŋ, whence Khasi klong (“bottle-gourd”) (Shorto, 2006).
Southworth (2005) rejects Przyluski's hypothesis and proposes a Dravidian etymology: the Sanskrit word is interpreted as an old compound of Proto-Dravidian *uttu (“date”) and Proto-Dravidian *mara (“tree”).
Some researchers (Mayrhofer, 1992) also have proposed an Indo-Aryan derivation. The first part of the word may reflect Sanskrit ऋदू (ṛdū), an element only found in compounds, which in Vedic texts is often identified with Sanskrit ऊर्जा (ūrjā, “sap, water”), while the second part is reasonably interpreted as Sanskrit बल (bala, “vigour, power”). Thus, the whole compound means “(that) which has a humid, juicy vigour”.

cog

the tree Ficus glomerata (AV., ŚBr., etc.)


शतावरी

Asparagus racemosus
Asparagus racemosus#Translingual


धान्य

dhānyá (romanization)
धान्यम् (nominative singular)
धान्ये (dual nominative)
धान्यानि (nominative plural)
धान्या1 (nominative plural)
धान्य (singular vocative)
धान्ये (dual vocative)
धान्यानि (plural vocative)
धान्या1 (plural vocative)
धान्यम् (accusative singular)
धान्ये (accusative dual)
धान्यानि (accusative plural)
धान्या1 (accusative plural)
धान्येन (instrumental singular)
धान्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
धान्यैः (instrumental plural)
धान्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
धान्याय (dative singular)
धान्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
धान्येभ्यः (dative plural)
धान्यात् (ablative singular)
धान्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
धान्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
धान्यस्य (genitive singular)
धान्ययोः (dual genitive)
धान्यानाम् (genitive plural)
धान्ये (locative singular)
धान्ययोः (dual locative)
धान्येषु (locative plural)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: ধান (dhan)

Sylheti: ꠗꠣꠘ (dan)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀥𑀡𑁆𑀡 (dhaṇṇa)

Hindustani:

Hindi: धान (dhān)

Urdu: دھان (dhān)

→ Hindi: धान्य (dhānya) (learned)

→ Kannada: ಧನಿಯ (dhaniya) (learned)

→ Malayalam: ധാന്യം (dhānyaṁ) (learned)

→ Marathi: धान्य (dhānya) (learned)

→ Tamil: தனியா (taṉiyā) (learned)

→ Telugu: ధాన్యము (dhānyamu) (learned)

[dʱɑːj̃.jɐ́]

/ˈd̪ʱɑːn̪.jɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰaHnyám, derivative of Proto-Indo-European *dʰoHnéh₂.


पिपीलक

pipīlaka (romanization)
पिपीलकः (nominative singular)
पिपीलकौ (dual nominative)
पिपीलका1 (dual nominative)
पिपीलकाः (nominative plural)
पिपीलकासः1 (nominative plural)
पिपीलक (singular vocative)
पिपीलकौ (dual vocative)
पिपीलका1 (dual vocative)
पिपीलकाः (plural vocative)
पिपीलकासः1 (plural vocative)
पिपीलकम् (accusative singular)
पिपीलकौ (accusative dual)
पिपीलका1 (accusative dual)
पिपीलकान् (accusative plural)
पिपीलकेन (instrumental singular)
पिपीलकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पिपीलकैः (instrumental plural)
पिपीलकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पिपीलकाय (dative singular)
पिपीलकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पिपीलकेभ्यः (dative plural)
पिपीलकात् (ablative singular)
पिपीलकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पिपीलकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पिपीलकस्य (genitive singular)
पिपीलकयोः (dual genitive)
पिपीलकानाम् (genitive plural)
पिपीलके (locative singular)
पिपीलकयोः (dual locative)
पिपीलकेषु (locative plural)

From a compound of पिपील (pipīla, "ant") + -क (-ka, diminutive suffix).


हय

háya (romanization)
हयः (nominative singular)
हयौ (dual nominative)
हया1 (dual nominative)
हयाः (nominative plural)
हयासः1 (nominative plural)
हय (singular vocative)
हयौ (dual vocative)
हया1 (dual vocative)
हयाः (plural vocative)
हयासः1 (plural vocative)
हयम् (accusative singular)
हयौ (accusative dual)
हया1 (accusative dual)
हयान् (accusative plural)
हयेन (instrumental singular)
हयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हयैः (instrumental plural)
हयेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
हयाय (dative singular)
हयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
हयेभ्यः (dative plural)
हयात् (ablative singular)
हयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हयेभ्यः (ablative plural)
हयस्य (genitive singular)
हययोः (dual genitive)
हयानाम् (genitive plural)
हये (locative singular)
हययोः (dual locative)
हयेषु (locative plural)

→ Tamil: ஹயம் (hayam), Tamil: அயம் (ayam)

→ Telugu: హయము (hayamu)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰáyas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰáyas, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyos (“horse”). Cognate with Old Armenian ձի (ji, “horse”).


कैरव

Telugu: కైరవము (kairavamu)

Tamil: கயிரவம் (kayiravam)

the white lotus flower (blossoming at night)


कूर्म

kūrmá (romanization)
कूर्मः (nominative singular)
कूर्मौ (dual nominative)
कूर्मा1 (dual nominative)
कूर्माः (nominative plural)
कूर्मासः1 (nominative plural)
कूर्म (singular vocative)
कूर्मौ (dual vocative)
कूर्मा1 (dual vocative)
कूर्माः (plural vocative)
कूर्मासः1 (plural vocative)
कूर्मम् (accusative singular)
कूर्मौ (accusative dual)
कूर्मा1 (accusative dual)
कूर्मान् (accusative plural)
कूर्मेण (instrumental singular)
कूर्माभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कूर्मैः (instrumental plural)
कूर्मेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कूर्माय (dative singular)
कूर्माभ्याम् (dative dual)
कूर्मेभ्यः (dative plural)
कूर्मात् (ablative singular)
कूर्माभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कूर्मेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कूर्मस्य (genitive singular)
कूर्मयोः (dual genitive)
कूर्माणाम् (genitive plural)
कूर्मे (locative singular)
कूर्मयोः (dual locative)
कूर्मेषु (locative plural)

Pali: kumma

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫 (kumma)

desc

⇒ Punjabi: ਕੱਛੂਕੁੰਮਾ (kacchūkummā, “tortoise”)

→ Tamil: கூர்மம் (kūrmam) (learned)

→ Telugu: కూర్మము (kūrmamu) (learned)

Given the unusual word structure and the semantic domain, probably a substrate loanword. Might be from the same family of words relating to "curved objects" with a ku- prefix as कुम्भ "water pot, pot"; कुण्ड or कुण्डी"water pot, pot"; कुम्बीर "crocodile"; कश्यप "tortoise, turtle"; कुष्माण्ड "pumpkin"; कूप "well"; कुब्ज "humpbacked"; and कलश "pitcher".

the earth considered as a tortoise swimming on the waters

one of the outer winds of the body (causing the closing of the eyes)

मन्दर मन्दर#Sanskrit

(Hinduism) Vishnu's second incarnation (descent in the form of a tortoise to support the mountain मन्दर (mandara) at the churning of the ocean)


कर्कटक

karkaṭaka (romanization)
कर्कटकः (nominative singular)
कर्कटकौ (dual nominative)
कर्कटका1 (dual nominative)
कर्कटकाः (nominative plural)
कर्कटकासः1 (nominative plural)
कर्कटक (singular vocative)
कर्कटकौ (dual vocative)
कर्कटका1 (dual vocative)
कर्कटकाः (plural vocative)
कर्कटकासः1 (plural vocative)
कर्कटकम् (accusative singular)
कर्कटकौ (accusative dual)
कर्कटका1 (accusative dual)
कर्कटकान् (accusative plural)
कर्कटकेन (instrumental singular)
कर्कटकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कर्कटकैः (instrumental plural)
कर्कटकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कर्कटकाय (dative singular)
कर्कटकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कर्कटकेभ्यः (dative plural)
कर्कटकात् (ablative singular)
कर्कटकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कर्कटकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कर्कटकस्य (genitive singular)
कर्कटकयोः (dual genitive)
कर्कटकानाम् (genitive plural)
कर्कटके (locative singular)
कर्कटकयोः (dual locative)
कर्कटकेषु (locative plural)

→ Tamil: கடகம் (kaṭakam)

→ Telugu: కర్కాటకము (karkāṭakamu)


कुञ्जर

kuñjara (romanization)
कुञ्जरः (nominative singular)
कुञ्जरौ (dual nominative)
कुञ्जरा1 (dual nominative)
कुञ्जराः (nominative plural)
कुञ्जरासः1 (nominative plural)
कुञ्जर (singular vocative)
कुञ्जरौ (dual vocative)
कुञ्जरा1 (dual vocative)
कुञ्जराः (plural vocative)
कुञ्जरासः1 (plural vocative)
कुञ्जरम् (accusative singular)
कुञ्जरौ (accusative dual)
कुञ्जरा1 (accusative dual)
कुञ्जरान् (accusative plural)
कुञ्जरेण (instrumental singular)
कुञ्जराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कुञ्जरैः (instrumental plural)
कुञ्जरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कुञ्जराय (dative singular)
कुञ्जराभ्याम् (dative dual)
कुञ्जरेभ्यः (dative plural)
कुञ्जरात् (ablative singular)
कुञ्जराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कुञ्जरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कुञ्जरस्य (genitive singular)
कुञ्जरयोः (dual genitive)
कुञ्जराणाम् (genitive plural)
कुञ्जरे (locative singular)
कुञ्जरयोः (dual locative)
कुञ्जरेषु (locative plural)

Pali: kuñjara

→ Thai: กุญชร (gun-chɔɔn)

→ Telugu: కుంజరము (kuñjaramu)

/ˈkuɲ.d͡ʑɐ.ɾɐ/

अश्वत्थामा हतो, नरो वा कुञ्जरो वा

Ashwatthama has been slain, it could be either the human or the elephant


शिथिली

a kind of tawny-coloured ant (said to be a variety of the white ant)


मञ्जिष्ठा

sa-noun

मञ्जिष्ठा • (mañjiṣṭhā) stem, f

mañjiṣṭhā (romanization)
मञ्जिष्ठा (nominative singular)
मञ्जिष्ठे (dual nominative)
मञ्जिष्ठाः (nominative plural)
मञ्जिष्ठे (singular vocative)
मञ्जिष्ठे (dual vocative)
मञ्जिष्ठाः (plural vocative)
मञ्जिष्ठाम् (accusative singular)
मञ्जिष्ठे (accusative dual)
मञ्जिष्ठाः (accusative plural)
मञ्जिष्ठया (instrumental singular)
मञ्जिष्ठा1 (instrumental singular)
मञ्जिष्ठाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मञ्जिष्ठाभिः (instrumental plural)
मञ्जिष्ठायै (dative singular)
मञ्जिष्ठाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मञ्जिष्ठाभ्यः (dative plural)
मञ्जिष्ठायाः (ablative singular)
मञ्जिष्ठायै2 (ablative singular)
मञ्जिष्ठाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मञ्जिष्ठाभ्यः (ablative plural)
मञ्जिष्ठायाः (genitive singular)
मञ्जिष्ठायै2 (genitive singular)
मञ्जिष्ठयोः (dual genitive)
मञ्जिष्ठानाम् (genitive plural)
मञ्जिष्ठायाम् (locative singular)
मञ्जिष्ठयोः (dual locative)
मञ्जिष्ठासु (locative plural)

Dardic:

desc

Kashmiri: مَزیٹھ (mazēṭh), مَزیٹھِ (mazēṭhi)

Pali: mañjeṭṭhī

Prakrit: 𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀸 (maṃjiṭṭhā)

Central:

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀸 (maṃjiṭṭhā)

Old Awadhi: मँजीठ (mam̐jīṭha)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀸 (maṃjiṭṭhā)

Gujarati: મજીઠ (majīṭh)

Hindustani: majīṭh, mañjīṭh

Hindi: मजीठ, मंजीठ

Hindi: मजीठ, मंजीठ

Urdu: مَجِیٹھ (majīṭh), مَنجِیٹھ (manjīṭh)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: মজাঠি (mozathi), মেজাঠি (mezathi)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: मजिठो (majiṭho)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: majīṭ, majīṭh, mãjīṭ, mãjīṭh

Gurmukhi script: ਮਜੀਟ, ਮਜੀਠ, ਮਁਜੀਟ, ਮਁਜੀਠ

Shahmukhi script: مَجِیٹ, مَجِیٹھ, مَںجِیٹ, مَںجِیٹھ

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: mañuṭha, maĩṭha

Arabic script: مَڃُٺَ, مَينٺَ

Devanagari script: मञुठ, मैँठ

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: މަދޮށި (madoṣi), މަދެށި (madeṣi)

Sinhalese: මදට (madaṭa), මදටි (madaṭi), මදටිය (madaṭiya)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: mañjūṭi

Devanagari script: मंजूटि

Latin script: monjutti

Kannada script: ಮಂಜೂಟಿ

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀸 (maṃjiṭṭhā)

Gujarati: મજીઠ (majīṭh), મંજીઠ (mañjīṭh)

→ Dravidian:

Malayalam: മഞ്ചട്ടി (mañcaṭṭi)

Tamil: மஞ்சிட்டி (mañciṭṭi), மஞ்சட்டி (mañcaṭṭi)

→ Kannada: ಮಂಜಿಷ್ಠ (mañjiṣṭha)

→ Telugu: మంజిష్ఠ (mañjiṣṭha)

→ Tulu: ಮಂಜಿಷ್ಠ (mañjiṣṭha)

/mɐɲ.d͡ʑiʂ.ʈʰɑː/

/mɐɲˈd͡ʑiʂ.ʈʰɑː/

म‧ञ्‧जिष्‧ठा

From मञ्ज् (mañj, “to cleanse or be bright”).

Indian madder, Rubia manjith (syn. Rubia munjista)


वृन्दा

head

वृन्दा • (vṛndā) f

/ˈʋr̩n̪.d̪ɑː/


निम्बू

nimbū (romanization)
निम्बूः (nominative singular)
निम्ब्वौ (dual nominative)
निम्बू1 (dual nominative)
निम्ब्वः (nominative plural)
निम्बूः1 (nominative plural)
निम्बु (singular vocative)
निम्ब्वौ (dual vocative)
निम्बू1 (dual vocative)
निम्ब्वः (plural vocative)
निम्बूः1 (plural vocative)
निम्बूम् (accusative singular)
निम्ब्वौ (accusative dual)
निम्बू1 (accusative dual)
निम्बूः (accusative plural)
निम्ब्वा (instrumental singular)
निम्बूभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
निम्बूभिः (instrumental plural)
निम्ब्वै (dative singular)
निम्बूभ्याम् (dative dual)
निम्बूभ्यः (dative plural)
निम्ब्वाः (ablative singular)
निम्ब्वै2 (ablative singular)
निम्बूभ्याम् (ablative dual)
निम्बूभ्यः (ablative plural)
निम्ब्वाः (genitive singular)
निम्ब्वै2 (genitive singular)
निम्ब्वोः (dual genitive)
निम्बूनाम् (genitive plural)
निम्ब्वाम् (locative singular)
निम्ब्वोः (dual locative)
निम्बूषु (locative plural)

Assamese: নেমু (nemu)

Bengali: লেবু (lebu)

Gujarati: લીંબુ (lī̃bu)

Hindi: नींबू (nīmbū)

Urdu: نیمبو

Punjabi: ਨਿੰਬੂ (nimbū)

Sylheti: ꠟꠦꠝ꠆ꠛꠥ (lembu)

→ Persian: لیمو (limu) (see there for further descendants)

Of Austroasiatic origin; compare Mundari लेम्बु (lembu). Compare also Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *limaw (“lime, citrus”), whence Malay limau (“citrus”).


तिल

tila (romanization)
तिलः (nominative singular)
तिलौ (dual nominative)
तिला1 (dual nominative)
तिलाः (nominative plural)
तिलासः1 (nominative plural)
तिल (singular vocative)
तिलौ (dual vocative)
तिला1 (dual vocative)
तिलाः (plural vocative)
तिलासः1 (plural vocative)
तिलम् (accusative singular)
तिलौ (accusative dual)
तिला1 (accusative dual)
तिलान् (accusative plural)
तिलेन (instrumental singular)
तिलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तिलैः (instrumental plural)
तिलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तिलाय (dative singular)
तिलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तिलेभ्यः (dative plural)
तिलात् (ablative singular)
तिलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तिलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तिलस्य (genitive singular)
तिलयोः (dual genitive)
तिलानाम् (genitive plural)
तिले (locative singular)
तिलयोः (dual locative)
तिलेषु (locative plural)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ތިލެޔޮކޯޅި (tileyokōḷi)

Sinhalese: තල (tala)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Early Assamese: তিল (tilo)

Assamese: তিল (til)

Bengali: তিল (til)

Maithili: तिल (til)

Odia: ତିଳ (tiḷa)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Old Marathi: तीळ (tīḷa)

Marathi: तीळ (tīḷ)

Pali: tila

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: તલ (tal)

Hindi: तिल (til)

Nepali: तिल (til)

Punjabi: ਤਿਲ (til)

desc

→ Angkorian Old Khmer: [script needed] (tila), [script needed] (tilaka)

Khmer: តិលក (tĕlkâ)

→ Old Javanese: [script needed] (tila)

→ Malayalam: തിലം (tilaṁ)

→ Telugu: తిలము (tilamu), తిలం (tilaṁ), తిలలు (tilalu)

Borrowed from Munda, compare Korku [script needed] (telamiɲ, “sesame”). Alternatively, related to Ossetian тиллӕг (tillæg, “grain, corn”).

cog

Sesamum indicum
Sesamum indicum#Translingual

Sesamum indicum (its blossom is compared to the nose), sesame seed (much used in cookery; supposed to have originated from Vishnu's sweat-drops)


सेवि

sevi (romanization)
सेवि (nominative singular)
सेविनी (dual nominative)
सेवीनि (nominative plural)
सेवि1 (nominative plural)
सेवी1 (nominative plural)
सेवि (singular vocative)
सेवे (singular vocative)
सेविनी (dual vocative)
सेवीनि (plural vocative)
सेवि1 (plural vocative)
सेवी1 (plural vocative)
सेवि (accusative singular)
सेविनी (accusative dual)
सेवीनि (accusative plural)
सेवि1 (accusative plural)
सेवी1 (accusative plural)
सेविना (instrumental singular)
सेव्या1 (instrumental singular)
सेविभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सेविभिः (instrumental plural)
सेविने (dative singular)
सेवये1 (dative singular)
सेविभ्याम् (dative dual)
सेविभ्यः (dative plural)
सेविनः (ablative singular)
सेवेः1 (ablative singular)
सेविभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सेविभ्यः (ablative plural)
सेविनः (genitive singular)
सेवेः1 (genitive singular)
सेविनोः (dual genitive)
सेवीनाम् (genitive plural)
सेविनि (locative singular)
सेवौ1 (locative singular)
सेवा1 (locative singular)
सेविनोः (dual locative)
सेविषु (locative plural)

Bhojpuri: सेव (sēv)

Marathi:

desctree

Nepali: स्याउ (syāu), सेउ (seu), स्यौ (syau)
→ Newar:
Devanagari script: स्याउ (syāu)
Newa script: 𑐳𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐄 (syāu)

Odia: ଶେଓ (śeo)

desc

Punjabi: ਸੇ (se), ਸੇਉ (seu), ਸੇਬ (seb), ਸੇਵ (sev), ਸਿਓ (sio)

Malayalam: സേവി (sēvi), സേവം (sēvaṁ)

Borrowed from Iranian; compare Persian سیب (sib, “apple”).

Ziziphus jujuba
Ziziphus jujuba#Translingual


मक्षिका

mákṣikā (romanization)
मक्षिका (nominative singular)
मक्षिके (dual nominative)
मक्षिकाः (nominative plural)
मक्षिके (singular vocative)
मक्षिके (dual vocative)
मक्षिकाः (plural vocative)
मक्षिकाम् (accusative singular)
मक्षिके (accusative dual)
मक्षिकाः (accusative plural)
मक्षिकया (instrumental singular)
मक्षिका1 (instrumental singular)
मक्षिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मक्षिकाभिः (instrumental plural)
मक्षिकायै (dative singular)
मक्षिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मक्षिकाभ्यः (dative plural)
मक्षिकायाः (ablative singular)
मक्षिकायै2 (ablative singular)
मक्षिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मक्षिकाभ्यः (ablative plural)
मक्षिकायाः (genitive singular)
मक्षिकायै2 (genitive singular)
मक्षिकयोः (dual genitive)
मक्षिकाणाम् (genitive plural)
मक्षिकायाम् (locative singular)
मक्षिकयोः (dual locative)
मक्षिकासु (locative plural)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: মাখি (makhi)

Bengali: মাছি (machi)

Odia: ମାଛି (māchi)

Sylheti: ꠝꠣꠌꠍꠤ (massí), ꠝꠣꠇ꠆ꠈꠤ (makkí)

Rohingya: masí

Pali: makkhikā

Maharastri Prakrit:

Old Marathi: 𑘦𑘰𑘭𑘲 (māsī)

Marathi: माशी (māśī)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: માખી (mākhī)

Hindustani:

Hindi: मक्खी (makkhī)

Urdu: مکھی (makkhī)

Punjabi: ਮੱਖੀ (makkhī) / مکھّی (makkhī)

Sindhi: مَکِ / मखि (makhi)

From an unattested *मक्षि (mákṣi, “fly”) (which is from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mákšiH, and is, by surface analysis, मक्ष् (makṣ) + -ई (-ī)) + -क (-ka). Compare Sanskrit मशक (maśaka, “gnat, mosqito, fly”).


मयूर

sa-noun

मयूर • (mayū́ra) stem, m (feminine मयूरी)

mayū́ra (romanization)
मयूरी (feminine)
मयूरः (nominative singular)
मयूरौ (dual nominative)
मयूरा1 (dual nominative)
मयूराः (nominative plural)
मयूरासः1 (nominative plural)
मयूर (singular vocative)
मयूरौ (dual vocative)
मयूरा1 (dual vocative)
मयूराः (plural vocative)
मयूरासः1 (plural vocative)
मयूरम् (accusative singular)
मयूरौ (accusative dual)
मयूरा1 (accusative dual)
मयूरान् (accusative plural)
मयूरेण (instrumental singular)
मयूराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मयूरैः (instrumental plural)
मयूरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मयूराय (dative singular)
मयूराभ्याम् (dative dual)
मयूरेभ्यः (dative plural)
मयूरात् (ablative singular)
मयूराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मयूरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मयूरस्य (genitive singular)
मयूरयोः (dual genitive)
मयूराणाम् (genitive plural)
मयूरे (locative singular)
मयूरयोः (dual locative)
मयूरेषु (locative plural)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑁄𑀭 (mora)

Bagheli: मोरइला (morailā)

Bhojpuri: 𑂧𑂷𑂩 (mor), मोर (mōr)

desc

Ashokan Prakrit: [script needed] (majūla)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: مور (mōr)

Shina: مَیُون (mʌyū́n)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Early Assamese: মৈৰা (moira)

Assamese: ম’ৰা (möra)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Old Marathi: मोर (mora)

Marathi: मोर (mor)

Pali: mora

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਮੋਰ (mor) / مور (mor)

Sindhi: مورُ (moru)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑁄𑀭 (mora)

Old Gujarati:

Gujarati: મોર (mor)

Malvi: मोर (mor), मोर्यो (moryo)

Marwari: मोर (mor), मोरियौ (moriyau)

Mewari: मोर्यो (moryo)

Old Hindi: मोर (mora)

Hindi: मोर (mor)

Urdu: مور (mor)

→ Brahui: مور (mōr)

→ Pashto: مور (mor)

Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *mayVr (“peacock”).

David Neil MacKenzie
Nicholas Sims-Williams


यूका

yūkā (romanization)
यूका (nominative singular)
यूके (dual nominative)
यूकाः (nominative plural)
यूके (singular vocative)
यूके (dual vocative)
यूकाः (plural vocative)
यूकाम् (accusative singular)
यूके (accusative dual)
यूकाः (accusative plural)
यूकया (instrumental singular)
यूका1 (instrumental singular)
यूकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यूकाभिः (instrumental plural)
यूकायै (dative singular)
यूकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
यूकाभ्यः (dative plural)
यूकायाः (ablative singular)
यूकायै2 (ablative singular)
यूकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यूकाभ्यः (ablative plural)
यूकायाः (genitive singular)
यूकायै2 (genitive singular)
यूकयोः (dual genitive)
यूकानाम् (genitive plural)
यूकायाम् (locative singular)
यूकयोः (dual locative)
यूकासु (locative plural)

Punjabi: جوں (joṉ)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀚𑀽𑀕𑀸 (jūgā)

Hindi: जूँ (jū̃)

Romani: ʒuv

Female variant of यूक (yūka), from Proto-Indo-European *lewH- (“louse”), see also Welsh llau.


खड्ग

khaḍga (romanization)
खड्गः (nominative singular)
खड्गौ (dual nominative)
खड्गा1 (dual nominative)
खड्गाः (nominative plural)
खड्गासः1 (nominative plural)
खड्ग (singular vocative)
खड्गौ (dual vocative)
खड्गा1 (dual vocative)
खड्गाः (plural vocative)
खड्गासः1 (plural vocative)
खड्गम् (accusative singular)
खड्गौ (accusative dual)
खड्गा1 (accusative dual)
खड्गान् (accusative plural)
खड्गेन (instrumental singular)
खड्गाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
खड्गैः (instrumental plural)
खड्गेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
खड्गाय (dative singular)
खड्गाभ्याम् (dative dual)
खड्गेभ्यः (dative plural)
खड्गात् (ablative singular)
खड्गाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
खड्गेभ्यः (ablative plural)
खड्गस्य (genitive singular)
खड्गयोः (dual genitive)
खड्गानाम् (genitive plural)
खड्गे (locative singular)
खड्गयोः (dual locative)
खड्गेषु (locative plural)

Assamese: খাগ (khag), খাণ্ডা (khanda)

Bengali: খড়গ (khôṛgo), খাঁড়া (khãṛa), খঞ্জর (khonjor)

Gujarati: ખડગ (khaḍag)

Hindi: खाँग (khāṅg), खंडा (khaṇḍā)

Kashmiri: خداخ (khaḍakh)

Romani: Xanro

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀔𑀕𑁆𑀕 (khagga)

Marathi: खंजीर (khañjīr)

Nepali: खाग् (khāg), खाँड़ो (khā̃ṛo)

Punjabi: ਖੰਡਾ (khaṇḍā), ਖੜਗ (khaṛag)

→ English: khanda

Pali: khagga

Sindhi: کَڙْڳُ

→ Early Assamese: খঙ্গ (khoṅgo)

Assamese: খং (khoṅ), খড়্গ (khorgo)

→ Chinese: 朅伽 (qièqié)

→ Malayalam: ഖൾഗം (khaḷgaṁ), ഖഡ്ഗം (khaḍgaṁ) — tatsama

→ Odia: ଖଡ୍ଗ (khaḍga)

→ Sinhalese: කගය (kagaya), ඛඩ්ගය (khaḍgaya)

→ Tamil: கட்கம் (kaṭkam), கண்டம் (kaṇṭam)

→ Telugu: కగ్గము (kaggamu), ఖడ్గము (khaḍgamu)

From the root खड् (khaḍ), variant of खण्ड् (khaṇḍ, “to divide, break apart”); see खण्ड (khaṇḍa, “portion, fragment, slice”) for further etymology.

खड्गरत्न

a sword of excellent quality (one of the 7 precious things of a king), Dharmas. 85

खड्गलता ― khaḍgalatā ― swordblade


शूर्पकर्ण

head

शूर्पकर्ण • (śūrpakarṇa)

शूर्प (śūrpa) + कर्ण (karṇa)

compound

शूर्प (śūrpa) + कर्ण (karṇa)


हेरम्ब

English: Heramba

Telugu: హేరంబుడు (hērambuḍu)


मूषिक

mūṣika (romanization)
मूषिकः (nominative singular)
मूषिकौ (dual nominative)
मूषिका1 (dual nominative)
मूषिकाः (nominative plural)
मूषिकासः1 (nominative plural)
मूषिक (singular vocative)
मूषिकौ (dual vocative)
मूषिका1 (dual vocative)
मूषिकाः (plural vocative)
मूषिकासः1 (plural vocative)
मूषिकम् (accusative singular)
मूषिकौ (accusative dual)
मूषिका1 (accusative dual)
मूषिकान् (accusative plural)
मूषिकेण (instrumental singular)
मूषिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मूषिकैः (instrumental plural)
मूषिकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मूषिकाय (dative singular)
मूषिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मूषिकेभ्यः (dative plural)
मूषिकात् (ablative singular)
मूषिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मूषिकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मूषिकस्य (genitive singular)
मूषिकयोः (dual genitive)
मूषिकाणाम् (genitive plural)
मूषिके (locative singular)
मूषिकयोः (dual locative)
मूषिकेषु (locative plural)

desc

→ Tamil: மூஷிகம் (mūṣikam), மூடிகம் (mūṭikam)

→ Telugu: మూషికము (mūṣikamu)


काक

Dardic:

Gawar-Bati: کوٹو (káuṭɔ)

Indus Kohistani: qā

Kashmiri: کاو (kāv)

Khowar: کاغ (kaġ)

Pashayi:

Northwest Pashayi: kāīk, kaī

Shina: کاں (kā̃)

Kohistani Shina: کاہ (kāh)

Torwali: کک (kak)

Pali: kāka, kākī

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀬 (kāya), 𑀓𑀸𑀈 (kāī)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀕 (kāga)

Sauraseni Apabhramsa:

Old Hindi:

Hindustani:

Hindi: काग (kāg)

Urdu: کَاگ (kāg)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Early Assamese:

Assamese: কাউৰী (kauri), কোৱা (küa)

Sylheti: ꠇꠣꠃꠀ (xaua), ꠇꠣꠅꠅꠣ (xaooa)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Nepali: काग (kāg)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Lahnda: کاں (kā̃)

Punjabi: kā̃

Gurmukhi script: ਕਾਂ (kā̃)

Shahmukhi script: کاں (kāṉ)

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: kā̃

Arabic script: ڪَان

Devanagari script: कां

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ކާޅު (kāḷu), ކައުޅު (kauḷu)

Sinhalese: කා (kā)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀅 (kāa) (see there for further descendants)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀕 (kāga)

Gurjara Apabhramsa:

Old Gujarati:

Gujarati: કાગ (kāg), કાગડો (kāgḍo)

⇒ Prakrit: *𑀓𑀸𑀓-𑀉𑀓 (*kāka-uka)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit: *𑀓𑀸𑀕-𑀉𑀕 (*kāga-uga)

Sauraseni Apabhramsa:

Hindustani:

Hindi: कौआ (kauā)

Urdu: کَوّا (kavvā)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Bengali: কাউয়া (kauẏa)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: कउआ (kauā)

Odia: କାଉ (kāu)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Kumaoni: कव (kaw)

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: कौ (kau)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Lahnda: کاءں (kāũ)

Punjabi: ਕਂਉ (kãu), ਕਊਆ (kaūā), ਕਾਉਣੀ (kāuṇī)

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: kā̃ũ

Arabic script: ڪَاءُن

Devanagari script: काउं

Southern:

Maharastri Prakrit:

Marathi: काऊ (kāū)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: કાઉ (kāu)

⇒ Prakrit: *𑀓𑀸𑀓-𑀭 (*kāka-ra)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: কাউৰী (kauri)

⇒ Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀓𑀮 (kākala)

Southern:

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: kāvḷo

Devanagari script: कावळो

Kannada script: ಕಾವ್ಳೊ

Latin script: kavllo

Marathi: कावळा (kāvḷā)

Imitative, similar to Old High German kā (“crow, jackdaw”), Middle Low German kâ (“crow, jackdaw”) or Derived from Proto-Dravidian *kākkay.

onomatopoeic

Imitative

(onomatopoeia) (imitation of the cawing of the crow), a crow

(onomatopoeia) (imitation of the crowing of the rooster)


दाडिम

dāḍima (romanization)
दाडिमः (nominative singular)
दाडिमौ (dual nominative)
दाडिमा1 (dual nominative)
दाडिमाः (nominative plural)
दाडिमासः1 (nominative plural)
दाडिम (singular vocative)
दाडिमौ (dual vocative)
दाडिमा1 (dual vocative)
दाडिमाः (plural vocative)
दाडिमासः1 (plural vocative)
दाडिमम् (accusative singular)
दाडिमौ (accusative dual)
दाडिमा1 (accusative dual)
दाडिमान् (accusative plural)
दाडिमेन (instrumental singular)
दाडिमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दाडिमैः (instrumental plural)
दाडिमेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दाडिमाय (dative singular)
दाडिमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दाडिमेभ्यः (dative plural)
दाडिमात् (ablative singular)
दाडिमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दाडिमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दाडिमस्य (genitive singular)
दाडिमयोः (dual genitive)
दाडिमानाम् (genitive plural)
दाडिमे (locative singular)
दाडिमयोः (dual locative)
दाडिमेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: dạ́im

Khowar: داڑُم (dáɫum)

Gandhari: [script needed] (daḍima)

desc

Sindhi: डा॒ढ़ूँ

Sindhi: डा॒ढ़ूँ / ڏاڙۡهُون (ᶑɑːɽʱũː)

→ Hindi: दाड़िम (dāṛim)

Nepali: दारिम (dārim)

Early Assamese: দাড়িম্ব (daṛimbo), দাড়িম (daṛimo)

Assamese: ডালিম (dalim)

→ Old Gujarati: दाडिम (dāḍima)

Middle Gujarati: दाडम

Gujarati: દાડમ (dāḍam)

Marwari: दाड़म (dāṛam)

Old Marathi: दाडिंब (dāḍiṃba)

Marathi: डाळिंब (ḍāḷimba)

Pali: dāḍima, dālima, dāḷima

→ Burmese: တလည်း (ta.lany:)

Khmer: ឌាឌិម (diədɨm)

→ Classical Malay: دليما (dĕlima)

Brunei Malay: dalima

Malay: delima

Indonesian: delima

→ Old Javanese: dālima → dalima

Javanese: ꦢꦼꦭꦶꦩ (delima)

→ Telugu: దాడిమము (dāḍimamu)

Prakrit: 𑀤𑀸𑀟𑀺𑀫 (dāḍima), 𑀤𑀸𑀮𑀺𑀫 (dālima), 𑀤𑀸𑀟𑀺𑀫𑀺 (dāḍimi)

→ Telugu: దాడినిమ్మ (dāḍinimma), దాడిమ్మ (dāḍimma), దానిమ్మ (dānimma)

→ Kannada: ದಾಳಿಂಬೆ (dāḷimbe)

→ Tulu: ദാലിംബ (dālimba)

An areal Kulturwort of obscure origin, perhaps related to डिम्ब (ḍimba, “egg, chrysalis”) and, along with it, borrowed from Munda. Cognate with Khotanese [script needed] (drāmma, “pomegranate”) and likely Middle Chinese 塗林 (MC du|drae lim, “pomegranate”), the latter considered not to be a Sanskrit loan by the Sino-Iranica.


कीटक

Telugu: కీటకము (kīṭakamu)


घोट

desctree

⇒ Sanskrit: घोटक (ghoṭaka)
Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
Fiji Hindi: ghorra
Magadhi Prakrit:
Early Assamese: ঘোড়া (ghöṛa)
Assamese: ঘোঁৰা (ghü̃ra)
Bengali: ঘোড়া (ghōṛa)
Odia: ଘୋଡ଼ା (ghoṛā)
Rohingya: gúra
Sylheti: ꠊꠥꠠꠣ (gúṛa)
Maharastri Prakrit:
Konkani: घोडो (ghoḍô)
Old Marathi: 𑘑𑘻𑘚𑘳 (ghoḍu)
Marathi: घोडा (ghoḍā)
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀖𑁄𑀟𑀕 (ghoḍaga)
Gurjara Apabhramsa:
Old Gujarati:
Gujarati: ઘોડો (ghoḍo)
Marwari: घोड़ौ (ghoṛau)
Saurashtra: ꢕꣁꢞꣁ (ghoḍo)
Hindustani:
Hindi: घोड़ा (ghoṛā)
Urdu: گھوڑا (ghoṛā)
Nepali: घोडा (ghoḍā)
Punjabi: ਘੋੜਾ (ghoṛā) / گھوڑا (ghoṛā)
Romani: khuro
Sindhi: گهوڙو / घोड़ो (ghoṛo)
→ Old Javanese: kuda
> Javanese: ꦏꦸꦢ (kuda) (inherited)
>? Malay: kuda (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *kutiray (“horse”). Compare घुट् (ghuṭ).


ऐरावत

airāvatá (romanization)
ऐरावतः (nominative singular)
ऐरावतौ (dual nominative)
ऐरावता1 (dual nominative)
ऐरावताः (nominative plural)
ऐरावतासः1 (nominative plural)
ऐरावत (singular vocative)
ऐरावतौ (dual vocative)
ऐरावता1 (dual vocative)
ऐरावताः (plural vocative)
ऐरावतासः1 (plural vocative)
ऐरावतम् (accusative singular)
ऐरावतौ (accusative dual)
ऐरावता1 (accusative dual)
ऐरावतान् (accusative plural)
ऐरावतेन (instrumental singular)
ऐरावताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ऐरावतैः (instrumental plural)
ऐरावतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ऐरावताय (dative singular)
ऐरावताभ्याम् (dative dual)
ऐरावतेभ्यः (dative plural)
ऐरावतात् (ablative singular)
ऐरावताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ऐरावतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ऐरावतस्य (genitive singular)
ऐरावतयोः (dual genitive)
ऐरावतानाम् (genitive plural)
ऐरावते (locative singular)
ऐरावतयोः (dual locative)
ऐरावतेषु (locative plural)

→ Bengali: ঐরাবত (ōirabot)

→ Gujarati: ઐરાવત (airāvat)

→ Hindi: ऐरावत (airāvat)

→ Indonesian: Airawata

→ Khmer: ឰរាវ័ត (ʼayraavŏət)

→ Malayalam: ഐരാവതം (airāvataṁ)

→ Marathi: ऐरावत (airāvat)

→ Thai: ไอยรา (ai-yá-raa)

/ɑːj.ɾɑː.ʋɐ.tɐ́/

/ɑjˈɾɑː.ʋɐ.t̪ɐ/


उलूक

úlūka (romanization)
उलूकः (nominative singular)
उलूकौ (dual nominative)
उलूका1 (dual nominative)
उलूकाः (nominative plural)
उलूकासः1 (nominative plural)
उलूक (singular vocative)
उलूकौ (dual vocative)
उलूका1 (dual vocative)
उलूकाः (plural vocative)
उलूकासः1 (plural vocative)
उलूकम् (accusative singular)
उलूकौ (accusative dual)
उलूका1 (accusative dual)
उलूकान् (accusative plural)
उलूकेन (instrumental singular)
उलूकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उलूकैः (instrumental plural)
उलूकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
उलूकाय (dative singular)
उलूकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
उलूकेभ्यः (dative plural)
उलूकात् (ablative singular)
उलूकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उलूकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उलूकस्य (genitive singular)
उलूकयोः (dual genitive)
उलूकानाम् (genitive plural)
उलूके (locative singular)
उलूकयोः (dual locative)
उलूकेषु (locative plural)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: উলূৱা ফেঁচা (ulua phẽsa)

Punjabi: ਉੱਲੂ (ullū)

→ Hindi: उलूक (ulūk)

→ Old Gujarati: उलूक (ulūka)

Pali: ulūka

→ Tocharian B: uluke

Possibly of imitative origin; cf. Latin ulucus, ulula (“owl”), Ancient Greek ὀλολύζω (ololúzō, “to cry out”). Alternatively, from an unattested compound *उरुह्क (uruhka, “broad-faced”), from उरु (uru, “wide”).


उक्षन्

ukṣán (romanization)
उक्षा (nominative singular)
उक्षाणौ (dual nominative)
उक्षाणा1 (dual nominative)
उक्षणः (nominative plural)
उक्षन् (singular vocative)
उक्षाणौ (dual vocative)
उक्षाणा1 (dual vocative)
उक्षणः (plural vocative)
उक्षाणम् (accusative singular)
उक्षाणौ (accusative dual)
उक्षाणा1 (accusative dual)
उक्ष्णः (accusative plural)
उक्ष्णा (instrumental singular)
उक्षभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उक्षभिः (instrumental plural)
उक्ष्णे (dative singular)
उक्षभ्याम् (dative dual)
उक्षभ्यः (dative plural)
उक्ष्णः (ablative singular)
उक्षभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उक्षभ्यः (ablative plural)
उक्ष्णः (genitive singular)
उक्ष्णोः (dual genitive)
उक्ष्णाम् (genitive plural)
उक्ष्णि (locative singular)
उक्षणि (locative singular)
उक्षन्1 (locative singular)
उक्ष्णोः (dual locative)
उक्षसु (locative plural)

→ Telugu: ఉక్షము (ukṣamu)

→ Malayalam: ഉക്ഷം (ukṣaṁ)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *(H)ukšā́ (“bull, ox”), from Proto-Indo-European *(h₂)uksḗn (“bull, ox”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬎𐬑𐬱𐬁𐬥 (uxšān, “bull”), Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍃𐌰 (auhsa), Welsh ych (“ox”), Breton oc'hen, Old English oxa (whence English ox).

inh

उक्षा मिमाति प्रति यन्ति धेनवो देवस्य देवीरुप यन्ति निष्कृतम् ।

The Bull is bellowing; the Cows are coming nigh: the Goddesses approach the God's own resting-place.

ukṣā mimāti prati yanti dhenavo devasya devīrupa yanti niṣkṛtam.


बभ्रु

babhrú (romanization)
बभ्रुः (nominative singular)
बभ्रू (dual nominative)
बभ्रवः (nominative plural)
बभ्रो (singular vocative)
बभ्रू (dual vocative)
बभ्रवः (plural vocative)
बभ्रुम् (accusative singular)
बभ्रू (accusative dual)
बभ्रून् (accusative plural)
बभ्रुणा (instrumental singular)
बभ्र्वा1 (instrumental singular)
बभ्रुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बभ्रुभिः (instrumental plural)
बभ्रवे (dative singular)
बभ्रुभ्याम् (dative dual)
बभ्रुभ्यः (dative plural)
बभ्रोः (ablative singular)
बभ्रुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बभ्रुभ्यः (ablative plural)
बभ्रोः (genitive singular)
बभ्र्वोः (dual genitive)
बभ्रूणाम् (genitive plural)
बभ्रौ (locative singular)
बभ्र्वोः (dual locative)
बभ्रुषु (locative plural)
बभ्रूः (nominative singular)
बभ्र्वौ (dual nominative)
बभ्रू1 (dual nominative)
बभ्र्वः (nominative plural)
बभ्रूः1 (nominative plural)
बभ्रु (singular vocative)
बभ्र्वौ (dual vocative)
बभ्रू1 (dual vocative)
बभ्र्वः (plural vocative)
बभ्रूः1 (plural vocative)
बभ्रूम् (accusative singular)
बभ्र्वौ (accusative dual)
बभ्रू1 (accusative dual)
बभ्रूः (accusative plural)
बभ्र्वा (instrumental singular)
बभ्रूभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बभ्रूभिः (instrumental plural)
बभ्र्वै (dative singular)
बभ्रूभ्याम् (dative dual)
बभ्रूभ्यः (dative plural)
बभ्र्वाः (ablative singular)
बभ्र्वै2 (ablative singular)
बभ्रूभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बभ्रूभ्यः (ablative plural)
बभ्र्वाः (genitive singular)
बभ्र्वै2 (genitive singular)
बभ्र्वोः (dual genitive)
बभ्रूणाम् (genitive plural)
बभ्र्वाम् (locative singular)
बभ्र्वोः (dual locative)
बभ्रूषु (locative plural)
बभ्रु (nominative singular)
बभ्रुणी (dual nominative)
बभ्रूणि (nominative plural)
बभ्रु1 (nominative plural)
बभ्रू1 (nominative plural)
बभ्रु (singular vocative)
बभ्रो (singular vocative)
बभ्रुणी (dual vocative)
बभ्रूणि (plural vocative)
बभ्रु1 (plural vocative)
बभ्रू1 (plural vocative)
बभ्रु (accusative singular)
बभ्रुणी (accusative dual)
बभ्रूणि (accusative plural)
बभ्रु1 (accusative plural)
बभ्रू1 (accusative plural)
बभ्रुणा (instrumental singular)
बभ्र्वा1 (instrumental singular)
बभ्रुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बभ्रुभिः (instrumental plural)
बभ्रुणे (dative singular)
बभ्रवे1 (dative singular)
बभ्रुभ्याम् (dative dual)
बभ्रुभ्यः (dative plural)
बभ्रुणः (ablative singular)
बभ्रोः1 (ablative singular)
बभ्रुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बभ्रुभ्यः (ablative plural)
बभ्रुणः (genitive singular)
बभ्रोः1 (genitive singular)
बभ्रुणोः (dual genitive)
बभ्रूणाम् (genitive plural)
बभ्रुणि (locative singular)
बभ्रौ1 (locative singular)
बभ्रुणोः (dual locative)
बभ्रुषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰebʰrús (“brown”). See Etymology 2 for more.

ए॒ते अ॑सृग्रमा॒शवोऽति॒ ह्वरां॑सि ब॒भ्रव॑:।
सोमा॑ ऋ॒तस्य॒ धार॑या॥
eté asṛgramāśávóʼti hvárāṃsi babhráva:.
sómā ṛtásya dhā́rayā.

These swift-flowing tawny-coloured Soma juices, with a stream of water are let loose upon the rākṣasas.


अन्धस्

ándhas (romanization)
अन्धः (nominative singular)
अन्धसी (dual nominative)
अन्धांसि (nominative plural)
अन्धः (singular vocative)
अन्धसी (dual vocative)
अन्धांसि (plural vocative)
अन्धः (accusative singular)
अन्धसी (accusative dual)
अन्धांसि (accusative plural)
अन्धसा (instrumental singular)
अन्धोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अन्धोभिः (instrumental plural)
अन्धसे (dative singular)
अन्धोभ्याम् (dative dual)
अन्धोभ्यः (dative plural)
अन्धसः (ablative singular)
अन्धोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अन्धोभ्यः (ablative plural)
अन्धसः (genitive singular)
अन्धसोः (dual genitive)
अन्धसाम् (genitive plural)
अन्धसि (locative singular)
अन्धसोः (dual locative)
अन्धःसु (locative plural)

/ˈɐn̪.d̪ʱɐs̪/

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éndʰos (“blooming flower, herb, sprout”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἄνθος (ánthos, “flower”), Old Irish ainder (“young lady, maiden”), Albanian endë (“blooming”), Old Armenian անդ (and, “field”).

तरत् स मन्दी धावति धारा सुतस्यान्धसः।
तरत् स मन्दी धावति॥
tarat sa mandī dhāvati dhārā sutasyāndhasaḥ.

Swift runs this giver of delight, even the stream of flowing juice:
Swift runs this giver of delight.


फिङ्गक

phiṅgaka (romanization)
फिङ्गकः (nominative singular)
फिङ्गकौ (dual nominative)
फिङ्गकाः (nominative plural)
फिङ्गक (singular vocative)
फिङ्गकौ (dual vocative)
फिङ्गकाः (plural vocative)
फिङ्गकम् (accusative singular)
फिङ्गकौ (accusative dual)
फिङ्गकान् (accusative plural)
फिङ्गकेन (instrumental singular)
फिङ्गकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
फिङ्गकैः (instrumental plural)
फिङ्गकाय (dative singular)
फिङ्गकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
फिङ्गकेभ्यः (dative plural)
फिङ्गकात् (ablative singular)
फिङ्गकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
फिङ्गकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
फिङ्गकस्य (genitive singular)
फिङ्गकयोः (dual genitive)
फिङ्गकानाम् (genitive plural)
फिङ्गके (locative singular)
फिङ्गकयोः (dual locative)
फिङ्गकेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of फिङ्गक

फिङ्गकाभ्याम्

फिङ्गकाभ्याम्

फिङ्गकाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

फिङ्गकाभ्याम्

फिङ्गकाभ्याम्

फिङ्गकाभ्याम्

Assamese: ফিঙা (phiṅa)

Hindi: फिंगा (phiṅgā)

Diminutive of *फिङ्ग (phiṅga), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pingos (“chaffinch”). Compare Ancient Greek σπίγγος (spíngos, “chaffinch”), Russian пе́нка (pénka, “wren”), Welsh pinc (“finch”), German Fink, Old English finċ (English finch).

cog

species of shrike; a small fork-tailed bird


उष्ट्र

sa-noun

उष्ट्र • (úṣṭra) stem, m

úṣṭra (romanization)
उष्ट्रः (nominative singular)
उष्ट्रौ (dual nominative)
उष्ट्रा1 (dual nominative)
उष्ट्राः (nominative plural)
उष्ट्रासः1 (nominative plural)
उष्ट्र (singular vocative)
उष्ट्रौ (dual vocative)
उष्ट्रा1 (dual vocative)
उष्ट्राः (plural vocative)
उष्ट्रासः1 (plural vocative)
उष्ट्रम् (accusative singular)
उष्ट्रौ (accusative dual)
उष्ट्रा1 (accusative dual)
उष्ट्रान् (accusative plural)
उष्ट्रेण (instrumental singular)
उष्ट्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उष्ट्रैः (instrumental plural)
उष्ट्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
उष्ट्राय (dative singular)
उष्ट्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
उष्ट्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
उष्ट्रात् (ablative singular)
उष्ट्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उष्ट्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उष्ट्रस्य (genitive singular)
उष्ट्रयोः (dual genitive)
उष्ट्राणाम् (genitive plural)
उष्ट्रे (locative singular)
उष्ट्रयोः (dual locative)
उष्ट्रेषु (locative plural)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀉𑀝𑁆𑀝 (uṭṭa)

Dardic:

Kalasha: uṭ

Kashmiri: ووٗنٛٹ (vūnṭ)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: އޮށް (oṣ̊)

Sinhalese: ඔටුවා (oṭuwā)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: উট (ut)

Bengali: উট (uṭ)

Chakma: 𑄅𑄑𑄴 (uṭ), 𑄃𑄪𑄑𑄴 (uṭ)

Odia: ଓଟ (oṭa)

Sylheti: ꠃꠐ (uṭ)

desctree

< vṛddhi derivative <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">औष्ट्र</i> (auṣṭra)

Pali: oṭṭha (< vṛddhi derivative औष्ट्र (auṣṭra))
→ Lao: ອູດ (ʼūt)
→ Burmese: အုတ် (ut)
→ Khmer: អូដ្ឋ (ʼout) , ឩដ្ឋ (ʼout)
→ Thai: อูฐ (ùut)

Prakrit:

→ Burushaski: [script needed] (ūṭ)

→ Gondi: ఊటడ్ (ūṭaḍ)

→ Kannada: ಒಂಟೆ (oṇṭe)

→ Malayalam: ഒട്ടകം (oṭṭakaṁ)

→ Malay: unta

→ Indonesian: unta

→ Tamil: ஒட்டகம் (oṭṭakam)

→ Telugu: ఒంటె (oṇṭe)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀉𑀝𑁆𑀝 (uṭṭa), 𑀉𑀝𑁆𑀞 (uṭṭha)
Konkani: ओंटे (oṇṭe)
Marathi: उंट (uṇṭa)
Dhivehi: އޮށް (oṣ̊)

Marathi: उंट (uṇṭa)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀉𑀝𑁆𑀝 (uṭṭa)

Gujarati: ઊંટ (ū̃ṭa)

Hindustani:

Hindi: ऊँट (ū̃ṭ)

→ English: oont

desc

Urdu: اونٹ (ū̃ṭ)

Urdu: اونٹ (ū̃ṭ)

Nepali: उँट (ũṭ)

Punjabi: ਊਠ (ūṭha) / اوٹھ (ūṭh, ūṭhṭh)

Marwari: ओठारू (oṭhārū)

Sindhi: اُٺُ / उठु (uṭhu)

→ Bengali: উষ্ট্র (uśṭro)

→ Hindi: उष्ट्र (uṣṭra)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *úštras; see there for more. Cognate with Avestan 𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬭𐬀 (uštra), Old English ūr.

ऊँटान

Sauraseni Prakrit: uṭṭāhana (“Lord Hanumat”)

ऊँटसवार

Hindi: ऊँटवान (ū̃ṭ(a)vān, “Lord Hanuman”)


धाना

dhānā́ (romanization)
धाना (nominative singular)
धाने (dual nominative)
धानाः (nominative plural)
धाने (singular vocative)
धाने (dual vocative)
धानाः (plural vocative)
धानाम् (accusative singular)
धाने (accusative dual)
धानाः (accusative plural)
धानया (instrumental singular)
धाना1 (instrumental singular)
धानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
धानाभिः (instrumental plural)
धानायै (dative singular)
धानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
धानाभ्यः (dative plural)
धानायाः (ablative singular)
धानायै2 (ablative singular)
धानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
धानाभ्यः (ablative plural)
धानायाः (genitive singular)
धानायै2 (genitive singular)
धानयोः (dual genitive)
धानानाम् (genitive plural)
धानायाम् (locative singular)
धानयोः (dual locative)
धानासु (locative plural)

Punjabi: ਧਾਣ (dhāṇ)

/ˈd̪ʱɑː.n̪ɑː/

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰoHnéh₂ (“grain”). Cognate with Lithuanian dúona, Tocharian B tāno, Persian دانه (dâne). Compare Kamkata-viri juvór dõ (“popped corn”).

स्तीर्णं ते बर्हिः सुत इन्द्र सोमः कृता धाना अत्तवे ते हरिभ्याम् ।
तदोकसे पुरुशाकाय वृष्णे मरुत्वते तुभ्यं राता हवींषि ॥
stīrṇaṃ te barhiḥ suta indra somaḥ kṛtā dhānā attave te haribhyām.

The grass is strewn for thee, pressed is the Soma; the grain is ready for thy horses to feed on.
To thee who lovest them, the very mighty, strong, girt by Maruts, are these gifts presented.

tadokase puruśākāya vṛṣṇe marutvate tubhyaṃ rātā havīṃṣi.


श्येन

śyená (romanization)
श्येनः (nominative singular)
श्येनौ (dual nominative)
श्येना1 (dual nominative)
श्येनाः (nominative plural)
श्येनासः1 (nominative plural)
श्येन (singular vocative)
श्येनौ (dual vocative)
श्येना1 (dual vocative)
श्येनाः (plural vocative)
श्येनासः1 (plural vocative)
श्येनम् (accusative singular)
श्येनौ (accusative dual)
श्येना1 (accusative dual)
श्येनान् (accusative plural)
श्येनेन (instrumental singular)
श्येनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्येनैः (instrumental plural)
श्येनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
श्येनाय (dative singular)
श्येनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्येनेभ्यः (dative plural)
श्येनात् (ablative singular)
श्येनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्येनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्येनस्य (genitive singular)
श्येनयोः (dual genitive)
श्येनानाम् (genitive plural)
श्येने (locative singular)
श्येनयोः (dual locative)
श्येनेषु (locative plural)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: শেন (xen)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑁂𑀡 (seṇa)

Pali: sena

→ Telugu: శ్యేనము (śyēnamu)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćyaynás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱy-ey-nó-s ~ *ḱyeh₁-inó-s (“bird of prey”), probably ultimately related to *(s)ḱeh₃- (“shade, hue”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀 (saēna, “raptor; a mythical bird”), Middle Persian syn-mwlw (/Sēn-murw/), Old Armenian ցին (cʻin, “kite”) and probably Ancient Greek ἴκτινος (íktinos, “kite”).

cog

वृ॒ष॒ण॒श्वेन॑ मरुतो॒ वृष॑प्सुना॒ रथे॑न॒ वृष॑नाभिना।
आ श्ये॒नासो॒ न प॒क्षिणो॒ वृथा॑ नरो ह॒व्या नो॑ वी॒तये॑ गत॥
vṛṣaṇaśvéna maruto vṛ́ṣapsunā ráthena vṛ́ṣanābhinā.

Come hither, O ye Maruts, on your strong horsed car, solid in look, with solid naves.
Lightly like winged falcons, O ye Heroes, come, come to enjoy our offerings.

ā́ śyenā́so ná pakṣíṇo vṛ́thā naro havyā́ no vītáye gata.

अग्नि अग्नि#Sanskrit

(Vedic religion) The name of a divine hawk identified with अग्नि (agni) who ascends to the heavens for bringing सोम (soma) to earth


भुजङ्ग

bhujaṅga (romanization)
भुजङ्गः (nominative singular)
भुजङ्गौ (dual nominative)
भुजङ्गाः (nominative plural)
भुजङ्ग (singular vocative)
भुजङ्गौ (dual vocative)
भुजङ्गाः (plural vocative)
भुजङ्गम् (accusative singular)
भुजङ्गौ (accusative dual)
भुजङ्गान् (accusative plural)
भुजङ्गेन (instrumental singular)
भुजङ्गाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भुजङ्गैः (instrumental plural)
भुजङ्गाय (dative singular)
भुजङ्गाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भुजङ्गेभ्यः (dative plural)
भुजङ्गात् (ablative singular)
भुजङ्गाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भुजङ्गेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भुजङ्गस्य (genitive singular)
भुजङ्गयोः (dual genitive)
भुजङ्गानाम् (genitive plural)
भुजङ्गे (locative singular)
भुजङ्गयोः (dual locative)
भुजङ्गेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of भुजङ्ग

भुजङ्गाभ्याम्

भुजङ्गाभ्याम्

भुजङ्गाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

भुजङ्गाभ्याम्

भुजङ्गाभ्याम्

भुजङ्गाभ्याम्

Pali: bhujaṅga

→ Old Khmer: būjuṅa

Khmer: ភុជង្គ (phucngkɔɔ)

→ Thai: ภุชงค์ (pú-chong)

→ Hindi: भुजंग (bhujaṅg)

→ Tamil: புஜங்கம் (pujaṅkam)

/bʱu.d͡ʑɐŋ.ɡɐ/

/bʱuˈd͡ʑɐŋ.ɡɐ/

From the root भुज् (bhuj, “to bend”), similar to पतङ्ग (pataṅgá) from पत् (pat). Sometimes interpreted as भुज् (bhuj) + अङ्ग (aṅga, “body”).


लोपाश

lopāśá (romanization)
laupāśá (Vedic)
लोपाशः (nominative singular)
लोपाशौ (dual nominative)
लोपाशा1 (dual nominative)
लोपाशाः (nominative plural)
लोपाशासः1 (nominative plural)
लोपाश (singular vocative)
लोपाशौ (dual vocative)
लोपाशा1 (dual vocative)
लोपाशाः (plural vocative)
लोपाशासः1 (plural vocative)
लोपाशम् (accusative singular)
लोपाशौ (accusative dual)
लोपाशा1 (accusative dual)
लोपाशान् (accusative plural)
लोपाशेन (instrumental singular)
लोपाशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
लोपाशैः (instrumental plural)
लोपाशेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
लोपाशाय (dative singular)
लोपाशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
लोपाशेभ्यः (dative plural)
लोपाशात् (ablative singular)
लोपाशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
लोपाशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
लोपाशस्य (genitive singular)
लोपाशयोः (dual genitive)
लोपाशानाम् (genitive plural)
लोपाशे (locative singular)
लोपाशयोः (dual locative)
लोपाशेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: لۆہ (loh)

/l̪oːˈpɑː.ɕɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *HlawpaHśás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HlawpaHćás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wl(o)p-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬞𐬌 (urupi), 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬞𐬌 (raopi), Latin vulpēs (“fox”), Ancient Greek ἀλώπηξ (alṓpēx), and Lithuanian lapė. Doublet of लोपाक (lopāka). Doublet of रूपका (rū́pakā).


ऋश्य

ṛ́śya (romanization)
ऋश्यः (nominative singular)
ऋश्यौ (dual nominative)
ऋश्या1 (dual nominative)
ऋश्याः (nominative plural)
ऋश्यासः1 (nominative plural)
ऋश्य (singular vocative)
ऋश्यौ (dual vocative)
ऋश्या1 (dual vocative)
ऋश्याः (plural vocative)
ऋश्यासः1 (plural vocative)
ऋश्यम् (accusative singular)
ऋश्यौ (accusative dual)
ऋश्या1 (accusative dual)
ऋश्यान् (accusative plural)
ऋश्येन (instrumental singular)
ऋश्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ऋश्यैः (instrumental plural)
ऋश्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ऋश्याय (dative singular)
ऋश्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
ऋश्येभ्यः (dative plural)
ऋश्यात् (ablative singular)
ऋश्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ऋश्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
ऋश्यस्य (genitive singular)
ऋश्ययोः (dual genitive)
ऋश्यानाम् (genitive plural)
ऋश्ये (locative singular)
ऋश्ययोः (dual locative)
ऋश्येषु (locative plural)

⇒ Pali: issamiga

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ĺ̥-ḱ-yos (“horned wild animal”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἔλαφος (élaphos, “red deer”), Russian лось (losʹ, “elk”), English elk. Also compare ऋश (ṛśa).

cog

ऋश्यो॒ न तृष्य॑न्नव॒पान॒मा ग॑हि॒ पिबा॒ सोमं॒ वशाँ॒ अनु॑।
नि॒मेघ॑मानो मघवन्दि॒वेदि॑व॒ ओजि॑ष्ठं दधिषे॒ सहः॑॥
ṛ́śyo ná tṛ́ṣyannavapā́namā́ gahi píbā sómaṃ váśām̐ ánu.

Come like a thirsty antelope to the drinking-place: drink Soma to thy heart's desire.
Raining it down, O Maghavan, day after day, thou gainest thy surpassing might.

niméghamāno maghavandivédiva ójiṣṭhaṃ dadhiṣe sáhaḥ.

(Vedic) a stag, the male of a species of antelope


मशक

maśaka (romanization)
मशकः (nominative singular)
मशकौ (dual nominative)
मशका1 (dual nominative)
मशकाः (nominative plural)
मशकासः1 (nominative plural)
मशक (singular vocative)
मशकौ (dual vocative)
मशका1 (dual vocative)
मशकाः (plural vocative)
मशकासः1 (plural vocative)
मशकम् (accusative singular)
मशकौ (accusative dual)
मशका1 (accusative dual)
मशकान् (accusative plural)
मशकेन (instrumental singular)
मशकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मशकैः (instrumental plural)
मशकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मशकाय (dative singular)
मशकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मशकेभ्यः (dative plural)
मशकात् (ablative singular)
मशकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मशकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मशकस्य (genitive singular)
मशकयोः (dual genitive)
मशकानाम् (genitive plural)
मशके (locative singular)
मशकयोः (dual locative)
मशकेषु (locative plural)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Early Assamese: মশ (mośo)

Assamese: মহ (moh)

Bengali: মশা (mośa)

Konkani: मूस (mūs)

Tamil: மசகம் (macakam), மசம் (macam)

→ Telugu: మశకము (maśakamu)

Metathesized from Proto-Indo-Aryan *makáśas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *makáćas.


कदल

kadala (romanization)
कदलम् (nominative singular)
कदले (dual nominative)
कदलानि (nominative plural)
कदला1 (nominative plural)
कदल (singular vocative)
कदले (dual vocative)
कदलानि (plural vocative)
कदला1 (plural vocative)
कदलम् (accusative singular)
कदले (accusative dual)
कदलानि (accusative plural)
कदला1 (accusative plural)
कदलेन (instrumental singular)
कदलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कदलैः (instrumental plural)
कदलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कदलाय (dative singular)
कदलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कदलेभ्यः (dative plural)
कदलात् (ablative singular)
कदलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कदलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कदलस्य (genitive singular)
कदलयोः (dual genitive)
कदलानाम् (genitive plural)
कदले (locative singular)
कदलयोः (dual locative)
कदलेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: کێلَا

Pali: kadalī

desc

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀬𑀮 (kayala), 𑀓𑀬𑀮𑀻 (kayalī), 𑀓𑀬𑀓𑁂𑀮 (kayakela), 𑀓𑀬𑀓𑁂𑀮𑀻 (kayakelī)

Central:

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀓𑁂𑀮 (kela)

Awadhi: केरा (kerā)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Doteli: केला (kelā)

Gujarati: કેળું (keḷũ)

Hindustani: kelā, kelī

Hindi: केला, केली

Hindi: केला, केली

Urdu: کیلا (kelā), کیلِی (kelī)

→ Dari: کیله (kêla)

→ Rohingya: kelā

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀓𑀬𑀮 (kayala), 𑀓𑁂𑀮 (kela)

Assamese: কল (kol)

Bengali: কলা (kola)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: केरा (kērā)

Maithili: केरा (kērā), कड़रि (kaṛᵊrɨ)

→ Nepali: केरा (kerā)

→ Tibetan: ཀེ་ར (ke ra)

Chakma: 𑄇𑄧𑄣 (kelā)

Odia: କଳା (kaḷā)

Sambalpuri: କେରା (kerā)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Garhwali: केळु (keḷu)

Kumaoni: केलो (kelo), क्यव (kyaw)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: kellā

Gurmukhi script: ਕੇਲਾ

Shahmukhi script: کیلَّا

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: kero, keviṛo

Arabic script: ڪيرو, ڪيوِڙو

Devanagari script: केरो, केविड़ो

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ކެޔޮ (keyo)

Sinhalese: කෙහෙල් (kehel), කෙහෙළිය (keheḷiya)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀓𑁂𑀮 (kela)

Konkani: keḷẽ

Devanagari script: केळें

Kannada script: ಕೆಳೆಂ

Latin script: kellem

Marathi: केळे (keḷe), केळ (keḷ), केळी (keḷī), केळें (keḷẽ)

Western:

Old Gujarati: कइलि (kaïli)

Gujarati: કેળ (keḷ), કેળું (keḷũ)

c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Valmiki, Rāmāyaṇa

c. 400 CE, Kālidāsa, Meghadūta

c. 600 BCE – 600 CE, Suśruta, Suśruta Saṃhitā


जन्तु

jantú (romanization)
जन्तुः (nominative singular)
जन्तू (dual nominative)
जन्तवः (nominative plural)
जन्तो (singular vocative)
जन्तू (dual vocative)
जन्तवः (plural vocative)
जन्तुम् (accusative singular)
जन्तू (accusative dual)
जन्तून् (accusative plural)
जन्तुना (instrumental singular)
जन्त्वा1 (instrumental singular)
जन्तुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जन्तुभिः (instrumental plural)
जन्तवे (dative singular)
जन्तुभ्याम् (dative dual)
जन्तुभ्यः (dative plural)
जन्तोः (ablative singular)
जन्तुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जन्तुभ्यः (ablative plural)
जन्तोः (genitive singular)
जन्त्वोः (dual genitive)
जन्तूनाम् (genitive plural)
जन्तौ (locative singular)
जन्त्वोः (dual locative)
जन्तुषु (locative plural)

Marathi: जंत (janta)

→ Tamil: ஜந்து (jantu)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ĵantúṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́antúš, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to produce, give birth”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬥𐬙𐬎 (zantu).

der

insect, worm or any animal of the lowest order of classification


हिङ्गु

hiṅgú (romanization)
हिङ्गुः (nominative singular)
हिङ्गू (dual nominative)
हिङ्गवः (nominative plural)
हिङ्गो (singular vocative)
हिङ्गू (dual vocative)
हिङ्गवः (plural vocative)
हिङ्गुम् (accusative singular)
हिङ्गू (accusative dual)
हिङ्गून् (accusative plural)
हिङ्गुना (instrumental singular)
हिङ्ग्वा1 (instrumental singular)
हिङ्गुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हिङ्गुभिः (instrumental plural)
हिङ्गवे (dative singular)
हिङ्गुभ्याम् (dative dual)
हिङ्गुभ्यः (dative plural)
हिङ्गोः (ablative singular)
हिङ्गुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हिङ्गुभ्यः (ablative plural)
हिङ्गोः (genitive singular)
हिङ्ग्वोः (dual genitive)
हिङ्गूनाम् (genitive plural)
हिङ्गौ (locative singular)
हिङ्ग्वोः (dual locative)
हिङ्गुषु (locative plural)

→ Balinese: ᬳᬶᬂᬕᬸ

Dardic:

Kashmiri: یَنٛگہٕ (yangụ)

→ Middle Chinese: 形虞 (MC heng ngju)

Mandarin: 形虞 (xíngyú)

→ Middle Chinese: 興蕖 (MC xing gjo)

Mandarin: 興蕖 /兴蕖 (xīngqú)

Pali: hiṅgu

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀼 (hiṃgu)

Gujarati: હિંગ (hiṅg)

Hindi: हींग (hīṅg)

Nepali: हिङ (hiṅ)

Marathi: हिंग (hiṅga)

→ Burmese: ရှိန်းခို (hrin:hkui)

→ Jingpho: hkying hku

desc

→ Shan: သိင်းၶူဝ်ႇ (síng khò)

→ Shan: သိင်းၶူဝ်ႇ (síng khò)

Lepcha: ᰝᰬᰵ (heng)

Odia: ହଂଗ୍ (haṅg), ହିଙ୍ଗୁ (hiṅgu)

→ Kannada: ಇಂಗು (iṅgu)

→ Tamil: இங்கு (iṅku)

Borrowed from Proto-Iranian *Hángwr̥ (“extract, resin”), with an unexpected shift from *a to i, from the derivation *Hanguǰatu of which Iranian terms for asafoetida derive.

bor

c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa

Ferula assa-foetida
Ferula assa-foetida#Translingual


कवक

kavaka (romanization)
कवकम् (nominative singular)
कवके (dual nominative)
कवकानि (nominative plural)
कवक (singular vocative)
कवके (dual vocative)
कवकानि (plural vocative)
कवकम् (accusative singular)
कवके (accusative dual)
कवकानि (accusative plural)
कवकेन (instrumental singular)
कवकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कवकैः (instrumental plural)
कवकाय (dative singular)
कवकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कवकेभ्यः (dative plural)
कवकात् (ablative singular)
कवकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कवकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कवकस्य (genitive singular)
कवकयोः (dual genitive)
कवकानाम् (genitive plural)
कवके (locative singular)
कवकयोः (dual locative)
कवकेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">कवक</i>

→ Hindi: कवक (kavak)

c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti


गर्दभ

gardabhá (romanization)
गर्दभः (nominative singular)
गर्दभौ (dual nominative)
गर्दभा1 (dual nominative)
गर्दभाः (nominative plural)
गर्दभासः1 (nominative plural)
गर्दभ (singular vocative)
गर्दभौ (dual vocative)
गर्दभा1 (dual vocative)
गर्दभाः (plural vocative)
गर्दभासः1 (plural vocative)
गर्दभम् (accusative singular)
गर्दभौ (accusative dual)
गर्दभा1 (accusative dual)
गर्दभान् (accusative plural)
गर्दभेन (instrumental singular)
गर्दभाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गर्दभैः (instrumental plural)
गर्दभेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गर्दभाय (dative singular)
गर्दभाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गर्दभेभ्यः (dative plural)
गर्दभात् (ablative singular)
गर्दभाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गर्दभेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गर्दभस्य (genitive singular)
गर्दभयोः (dual genitive)
गर्दभानाम् (genitive plural)
गर्दभे (locative singular)
गर्दभयोः (dual locative)
गर्दभेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Khowar: گوردوغ (gordóġ)

Pali: gadrabha

Prakrit: 𑀕𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀳 (gaddaha) (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Bengali: গর্দভ (gordobh), গর্ধভ (gordhobh) (semi-learned)

→ Telugu: గర్దభము (gardabhamu)

desctree

→? Proto-Tocharian: *kercäpā
Tocharian B: kercapo

/ɡɐɾ.dɐ.bʱɐ́/

/ˈɡɐɾ.d̪ɐ.bʱɐ/

Of unclear origin.
Perhaps a derivation from the possibly onomatopoeic root गर्द् (gard, “to cry”), with a suffix formed by analogy to the one in ऋषभ (ṛṣabha, “bull”).
An alternative theory considers the word as a Dravidian borrowing, formed as *गर्द (garda) + an Indo-European animal suffix *भ (bha) as seen in ऋषभ (ṛṣabha) above; compare Tamil கழுதை (kaḻutai), Kuvi ଗା୕ଡ଼୍ଦେ (gāṛde), Duruwa [script needed] (garad). However, the formal mismatch between the Dravidian and Sanskrit forms, the Sanskrit word's Vedic status, the gratuitous attachment of a bound suffix of supposed Indo-European origin to a loaned word, and the fact that donkeys were well-known to steppe tribes (including the Indo-Iranians), casts doubt on this derivation.
Possibly related to Tocharian B kercapo (“donkey”), perhaps via a borrowing from Sanskrit to Tocharian, though further details are uncertain.

cog

Kuvi ଗା୕ଡ଼୍ଦେ (gāṛde)

ಗಾರ್ದಭ

गार्दभ (gārdabha, “of or relating to a donkey”)


रोहित

róhita (romanization)
रोहितः (nominative singular)
रोहितौ (dual nominative)
रोहिता1 (dual nominative)
रोहिताः (nominative plural)
रोहितासः1 (nominative plural)
रोहित (singular vocative)
रोहितौ (dual vocative)
रोहिता1 (dual vocative)
रोहिताः (plural vocative)
रोहितासः1 (plural vocative)
रोहितम् (accusative singular)
रोहितौ (accusative dual)
रोहिता1 (accusative dual)
रोहितान् (accusative plural)
रोहितेन (instrumental singular)
रोहिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रोहितैः (instrumental plural)
रोहितेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
रोहिताय (dative singular)
रोहिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
रोहितेभ्यः (dative plural)
रोहितात् (ablative singular)
रोहिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रोहितेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रोहितस्य (genitive singular)
रोहितयोः (dual genitive)
रोहितानाम् (genitive plural)
रोहिते (locative singular)
रोहितयोः (dual locative)
रोहितेषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀭𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀅 (rohia)

Assamese: ৰৌ (rou)

Bengali: রুই (rui)

Bhojpuri: रोहू (rōhū)

Gujarati: રોહુ (rohu)

Hindi: रोहू (rohū), रेहू (rehū)

Marathi: रोही (rohī)

Odia: ରୋହି (rohi), ରୋଇ (roi), ରୁଇ (rui)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਰੋਹੂ (rohū)

Shahmukhi script: رہو (rohū)

Sylheti: ꠞꠃ (rou)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hráwdʰitas (“red”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬙𐬀 (raoⁱδita), English red. Also related to लोहित (lóhita), लोह (lohá) and रुधिर (rudhira, “red”).

पाठीनरोहिताव् आद्यौ नियुक्तौ हव्यकव्ययोः ।
राजीवान्सिंहतुण्डाश्च सशल्काश्चैव सर्वशः ॥
pāṭhīnarohitāv ādyau niyuktau havyakavyayoḥ.

But the Pathina fish and the Rohita fish may be eaten, if used for offerings to the gods or to the deceased ancestors; (one may eat) likewise Ragivas, Simhatundas, and Sasalkas on all (occasions).


कोकिल

kokilá (romanization)
कोकिलः (nominative singular)
कोकिलौ (dual nominative)
कोकिला1 (dual nominative)
कोकिलाः (nominative plural)
कोकिलासः1 (nominative plural)
कोकिल (singular vocative)
कोकिलौ (dual vocative)
कोकिला1 (dual vocative)
कोकिलाः (plural vocative)
कोकिलासः1 (plural vocative)
कोकिलम् (accusative singular)
कोकिलौ (accusative dual)
कोकिला1 (accusative dual)
कोकिलान् (accusative plural)
कोकिलेन (instrumental singular)
कोकिलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कोकिलैः (instrumental plural)
कोकिलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कोकिलाय (dative singular)
कोकिलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कोकिलेभ्यः (dative plural)
कोकिलात् (ablative singular)
कोकिलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कोकिलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कोकिलस्य (genitive singular)
कोकिलयोः (dual genitive)
कोकिलानाम् (genitive plural)
कोकिले (locative singular)
कोकिलयोः (dual locative)
कोकिलेषु (locative plural)

Pali: kōkila

Prakrit: 𑀓𑁄𑀇𑀮 (koila), 𑀓𑁄𑀇𑀮𑀸 (koilā)

Central:

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:

Old Awadhi: कोइल (koila)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani: koyal

Hindi: कोयल (koyal)

Urdu: کویل (koyal)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: কুলি (kuli)

Middle Bengali: কুইল (kuil)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: कोइलि (kōili)

Maithili: कोइल (kōil), कोइलि (kōilɨ)

Odia: କୋଇଲି (koili)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: कोइलि (koili)

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: कोइल (koil)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: koil

Gurmukhi script: ਕੋਇਲ (koil)

Shahmukhi script: کویل (koil)

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: koila

Arabic script: ڪوءِلَ

Devanagari script: कोइल

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

desc

Dhivehi: ކޮވެލި (koveli), ކުނބޯލި (kuᵐbōli), ދިކޮއި (dikoi), ގޮވިލި (govili)

Sinhalese: කොවුලා (kowulā)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Marathi: कोईळ (koīḷ), कोईल (koīl), कोयाळ (koyāḷ)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: કોયલ (koyal), કોયલડી (koyalḍī)

→ Bengali: কোকিল (kōkil)

→ Santali: ᱠᱩᱭᱞᱤ (kuyli) (via some Indo-Aryan descendant)

→ Kannada: ಕೋಗಿಲೆ (kōgile)

→ Malayalam: കോകിലം (kōkilaṁ)

→ Tocharian B: kokīl (learned)

Of onomatopoeic origin, mimicking the male bird's mating cry. Compare Latin cucūlus, English cuckoo, Ancient Greek κόκκῡξ (kókkūx), Polish kukułka.