कमल

kamala (romanization)
कमलः (nominative singular)
कमलौ (dual nominative)
कमला1 (dual nominative)
कमलाः (nominative plural)
कमलासः1 (nominative plural)
कमल (singular vocative)
कमलौ (dual vocative)
कमला1 (dual vocative)
कमलाः (plural vocative)
कमलासः1 (plural vocative)
कमलम् (accusative singular)
कमलौ (accusative dual)
कमला1 (accusative dual)
कमलान् (accusative plural)
कमलेन (instrumental singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कमलैः (instrumental plural)
कमलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कमलाय (dative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कमलेभ्यः (dative plural)
कमलात् (ablative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कमलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कमलस्य (genitive singular)
कमलयोः (dual genitive)
कमलानाम् (genitive plural)
कमले (locative singular)
कमलयोः (dual locative)
कमलेषु (locative plural)
कमलम् (nominative singular)
कमले (dual nominative)
कमलानि (nominative plural)
कमला1 (nominative plural)
कमल (singular vocative)
कमले (dual vocative)
कमलानि (plural vocative)
कमला1 (plural vocative)
कमलम् (accusative singular)
कमले (accusative dual)
कमलानि (accusative plural)
कमला1 (accusative plural)
कमलेन (instrumental singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कमलैः (instrumental plural)
कमलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कमलाय (dative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कमलेभ्यः (dative plural)
कमलात् (ablative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कमलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कमलस्य (genitive singular)
कमलयोः (dual genitive)
कमलानाम् (genitive plural)
कमले (locative singular)
कमलयोः (dual locative)
कमलेषु (locative plural)

Pali: kamala

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀫𑀮 (kamala)

Paisaci Prakrit: 𑀓𑀫𑀴 (kamaḷa)

→ Braj: कमल (kamal)

→ English: Kamala

→ Hindustani: kamal

Hindi: कमल

Urdu: کَمَل

→ Old Marathi: kamala

Devanagari script: कमल

Modi script: 𑘎𑘦𑘩

desctree

→ Old Tamil: 𑀓𑀫𑀮𑀫𑁆 (kamalam)
Tamil: கமலம் (kamalam)

→ Telugu: కమల (kamala)

⇒ Telugu: కమలము (kamalamu)

→ Thai: กมล (gà-mon)

Borrowed from Dravidian; compare Kannada ಕೊಮಳೆ (komaḷe, “lotus”). Related to कुवलय (kuvalaya, “water lily”), borrowed from a different Dravidian form of the same root; compare Tamil குவளை (kuvaḷai, “blue lotus”).

Nelumbo nucifera
Nelumbo nucifera#Translingual

a lotus, lotus flower (especially the species Nelumbo nucifera)


शलभ

śalabha (romanization)
शलभः (nominative singular)
शलभौ (dual nominative)
शलभाः (nominative plural)
शलभ (singular vocative)
शलभौ (dual vocative)
शलभाः (plural vocative)
शलभम् (accusative singular)
शलभौ (accusative dual)
शलभान् (accusative plural)
शलभेन (instrumental singular)
शलभाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शलभैः (instrumental plural)
शलभाय (dative singular)
शलभाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शलभेभ्यः (dative plural)
शलभात् (ablative singular)
शलभाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शलभेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शलभस्य (genitive singular)
शलभयोः (dual genitive)
शलभानाम् (genitive plural)
शलभे (locative singular)
शलभयोः (dual locative)
शलभेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of शलभ

English: salabhasana

Hindi: शलभ (śalabh)

→ Malayalam: ശലഭം (śalabhaṁ)

desc

Telugu: శలభము (śalabhamu), శలభం (śalabhaṁ)

/ˈɕɐ.l̪ɐ.bʱɐ/


वृक्ष

vṛkṣá (romanization)
वृक्षः (nominative singular)
वृक्षौ (dual nominative)
वृक्षा1 (dual nominative)
वृक्षाः (nominative plural)
वृक्षासः1 (nominative plural)
वृक्ष (singular vocative)
वृक्षौ (dual vocative)
वृक्षा1 (dual vocative)
वृक्षाः (plural vocative)
वृक्षासः1 (plural vocative)
वृक्षम् (accusative singular)
वृक्षौ (accusative dual)
वृक्षा1 (accusative dual)
वृक्षान् (accusative plural)
वृक्षेण (instrumental singular)
वृक्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वृक्षैः (instrumental plural)
वृक्षेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वृक्षाय (dative singular)
वृक्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वृक्षेभ्यः (dative plural)
वृक्षात् (ablative singular)
वृक्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वृक्षेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वृक्षस्य (genitive singular)
वृक्षयोः (dual genitive)
वृक्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
वृक्षे (locative singular)
वृक्षयोः (dual locative)
वृक्षेषु (locative plural)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀮𑀼𑀔 (lukha /lukkha/), *𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (*rukkha)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (rukkha)

Khasa Prakrit:

Nepali: रुख (rukh)

desctree

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (rukkha)
Old Marathi: 𑘨𑘳𑘏 (rukha), 𑘨𑘳𑘽𑘏 (ruṃkha)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਰੁੱਖ /رُکھ (rukkha)

Prakrit:

Sylheti: ꠞꠥꠇ (ruk)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (rukkha)

Romani: rukh

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀯𑁆𑀭𑀙 (vracha)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙 (vaccha)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ރުއް (ruk̊)

Sinhalese: රුක (ruka)

Pali: rukkha

Burmese: ရုက္ခ (rukhka.)

Thai: รุกข

Borrowed

→ Bengali: বৃক্ষ (brikkho)

→ Gujarati: વૃક્ષ (vŕkṣ)

→ Hindi: वृक्ष (vŕkṣ)

→ Kannada: ವೃಕ್ಷ (vṛkṣa)

→ Malayalam: വൃക്ഷം (vr̥kṣaṁ)

→ Old Khmer: briksā

→ Thai: พฤกษา (prʉ́k-sǎa)

→ Khmer: ព្រឹក្សា (prɨksaa)

→ Old Marathi: 𑘪𑘿𑘨𑘲𑘎𑘿𑘬 (vrīkṣa)

→ Marathi: वृक्ष (vŕkṣa)

→ Odia: ବୃକ୍ଷ (br̥kṣa)

→ Tamil: விருக்ஷம் (virukṣam)

→ Telugu: వృక్షము (vr̥kṣamu)

→ Thai: พฤกษ์ (prʉ́k), พฤกษ (prʉ́k-sà-)

→ Tulu: ವೃಕ್ಷ (vṛkṣa)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥ćšás (“tree”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬀 (var^əša).

अक्षो॒ न च॒क्र्यो॑: शूर बृ॒हन्प्र ते॑ म॒ह्ना रि॑रिचे॒ रोद॑स्योः।
वृ॒क्षस्य॒ नु ते॑ पुरुहूत व॒या व्यू॒३॒॑तयो॑ रुरुहुरिन्द्र पू॒र्वीः॥
ákṣo ná cakryò: śūra bṛhánprá te mahnā́ ririce ródasyoḥ.

The lofty axle of thy wheels, O Hero, is not surpassed by heaven and earth in greatness.
Like branches of a tree, O thou Invoked by many, manifold assistance spring forth from thee, O Indra.

vṛkṣásya nú te puruhūta vayā́ vyū̀táyo ruruhurindra pūrvī́ḥ.

a tree, (especially) any tree bearing visible flowers and fruit, but also applied to any tree and other plants, often in the sense of wood


तन्तुवाय

tantuvāya (romanization)
तंतुवायः (nominative singular)
तंतुवायौ (dual nominative)
तंतुवायाः (nominative plural)
तंतुवाय (singular vocative)
तंतुवायौ (dual vocative)
तंतुवायाः (plural vocative)
तंतुवायम् (accusative singular)
तंतुवायौ (accusative dual)
तंतुवायान् (accusative plural)
तंतुवायेण (instrumental singular)
तंतुवायाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तंतुवायैः (instrumental plural)
तंतुवायाय (dative singular)
तंतुवायाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तंतुवायेभ्यः (dative plural)
तंतुवायात् (ablative singular)
तंतुवायाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तंतुवायेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तंतुवायस्य (genitive singular)
तंतुवाययोः (dual genitive)
तंतुवायाणाम् (genitive plural)
तंतुवाये (locative singular)
तंतुवाययोः (dual locative)
तंतुवायेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of तन्तुवाय

तंतुवायाभ्याम्

तंतुवायाभ्याम्

तंतुवायेभ्यः

तंतुवायाभ्याम्

तंतुवायेभ्यः

तंतुवायाणाम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

तंतुवायाभ्याम्

तंतुवायाभ्याम्

तंतुवायेभ्यः

तंतुवायाभ्याम्

तंतुवायेभ्यः

तंतुवायाणाम्

/t̪ɐn̪.t̪uˈʋɑː.jɐ/


वन

vána (romanization)
वनम् (nominative singular)
वने (dual nominative)
वनानि (nominative plural)
वना1 (nominative plural)
वन (singular vocative)
वने (dual vocative)
वनानि (plural vocative)
वना1 (plural vocative)
वनम् (accusative singular)
वने (accusative dual)
वनानि (accusative plural)
वना1 (accusative plural)
वनेन (instrumental singular)
वनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वनैः (instrumental plural)
वनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वनाय (dative singular)
वनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वनेभ्यः (dative plural)
वनात् (ablative singular)
वनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वनस्य (genitive singular)
वनयोः (dual genitive)
वनानाम् (genitive plural)
वने (locative singular)
वनयोः (dual locative)
वनेषु (locative plural)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਵਣ (vaṇa)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀡 (vaṇa)

Hindi: बन (ban)

Bengali: বন (bon)

→ Malayalam: വനം (vanaṁ)

→ Tamil: வனம் (vaṉam)

→ Kannada: ವನ (vana)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: wana
> Javanese: ꦮꦤ (wana) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: wana
→ Balinese: ᬯᬦ (wana)

→ Sundanese: ᮝᮔ (wana)

Sinhalese: වනය (wanaya)

Sindhi: वणु sg (vaṇu, “tree”)

Thematised from वन् (ván, “tree, wood”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wán- (“tree, wood”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬥𐬁 (vanā, “tree”), Pashto ونه (wëna, “tree”), Sogdian wn (“tree”), Middle Persian [script needed] (wan /wn'/, “tree”).

cog

Cyperus rotundus
Cyperus rotundus#Translingual


गज

gaja (romanization)
गजः (nominative singular)
गजौ (dual nominative)
गजा1 (dual nominative)
गजाः (nominative plural)
गजासः1 (nominative plural)
गज (singular vocative)
गजौ (dual vocative)
गजा1 (dual vocative)
गजाः (plural vocative)
गजासः1 (plural vocative)
गजम् (accusative singular)
गजौ (accusative dual)
गजा1 (accusative dual)
गजान् (accusative plural)
गजेन (instrumental singular)
गजाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गजैः (instrumental plural)
गजेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गजाय (dative singular)
गजाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गजेभ्यः (dative plural)
गजात् (ablative singular)
गजाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गजेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गजस्य (genitive singular)
गजयोः (dual genitive)
गजानाम् (genitive plural)
गजे (locative singular)
गजयोः (dual locative)
गजेषु (locative plural)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀅 (gaa)

Pali: gaja

→ Thai: คชา (ká-chaa), คช (kót)

→ Acehnese: gajah

→ Balinese: ᬕᬚᬄ (gajah)

→ Banjarese: gajah

→ Toba Batak: ᯎᯐ (gaja)

→ Bikol Central: gagdya

→ Cebuano: gadya

→ Chinese: 伽耶 (qiéyé)

→ Gorontalo: gaja

→ Hiligaynon: gadyo

→ Hindi: गज (gaj)

→ Ilocano: gadia

→ Javanese: ꦒꦗꦃ (gajah)

→ Kannada: ಗಜ (gaja)

→ Ledo Kaili: gaja

→ Kapampangan: gagdia

→ Madurese: ꦓꦙ (ghajha)

desctree

→ Malay: gajah
Indonesian: gajah
→ Bikol Central: gadyâ
→ Cebuano: gadyâ
→ Maguindanao: gajah
→ Tagalog: gadya
→ Tausug: gadja

→ Malayalam: ഗജം (gajaṁ)

→ Minangkabau: gajah

→ Old Gujarati: गज (gaja)

→ Marwari: गज (gaj) (learned)

→ Molbog: gaja

→ Brooke's Point Palawano: gadya

→ Sasak: gajah

→ Sika: glajak

→ Sundanese: ᮌᮏᮂ (gajah)

→ Tagalog: gadya

→ Tamil: கஜம் (kajam)

→ Telugu: గజము (gajamu)

→ Tulu: ಗಜ (gaja)

→ Urdu: گج (gaj)

→ Waray-Waray: gadya

→ Wolio: gaja

→ English: gaja (learned)

Of uncertain, possibly substrate, origin.


फल

phala (romanization)
फलः (nominative singular)
फलौ (dual nominative)
फला1 (dual nominative)
फलाः (nominative plural)
फलासः1 (nominative plural)
फल (singular vocative)
फलौ (dual vocative)
फला1 (dual vocative)
फलाः (plural vocative)
फलासः1 (plural vocative)
फलम् (accusative singular)
फलौ (accusative dual)
फला1 (accusative dual)
फलान् (accusative plural)
फलेन (instrumental singular)
फलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
फलैः (instrumental plural)
फलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
फलाय (dative singular)
फलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
फलेभ्यः (dative plural)
फलात् (ablative singular)
फलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
फलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
फलस्य (genitive singular)
फलयोः (dual genitive)
फलानाम् (genitive plural)
फले (locative singular)
फलयोः (dual locative)
फलेषु (locative plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Dravidian *paẓambor.
Sanskrit फल (phala)
Uncertain. The original meaning was "fruit". It is commonly considered a borrowing from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *paẓam (“ripe fruit”), from *paẓV- (“to ripen, become mature”) (compare Tamil பழம் (paḻam), Malayalam പഴം (paḻaṁ), Telugu పండు (paṇḍu) and Kannada ಹಣ್ಣು (haṇṇu)). However, Mayrhofer says nothing speaks for that and instead groups it with the family of words derived from the root फल् (phal, “to burst, split”) (as ripe fruit is prone to burst, see below for other words related to "bursting, splitting"). It might derive from Proto-Indo-European *(s)bʰel- (“to swell”) (with devoicing due to Siebs's law with an s-mobile). Another possibility is Proto-Indo-European *(s)pelH- (“to split, tear off”) (for which see Lithuanian spãlis (“flax boon; October”) for more potential cognates).


अग्नि

agní (romanization)
अग्निः (nominative singular)
अग्नी (dual nominative)
अग्नयः (nominative plural)
अग्ने (singular vocative)
अग्नी (dual vocative)
अग्नयः (plural vocative)
अग्निम् (accusative singular)
अग्नी (accusative dual)
अग्नीन् (accusative plural)
अग्निना (instrumental singular)
अग्न्या1 (instrumental singular)
अग्निभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अग्निभिः (instrumental plural)
अग्नये (dative singular)
अग्निभ्याम् (dative dual)
अग्निभ्यः (dative plural)
अग्नेः (ablative singular)
अग्निभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अग्निभ्यः (ablative plural)
अग्नेः (genitive singular)
अग्न्योः (dual genitive)
अग्नीनाम् (genitive plural)
अग्नौ (locative singular)
अग्ना1 (locative singular)
अग्न्योः (dual locative)
अग्निषु (locative plural)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀅𑀕𑀺 (agi /aggi/) (see there for further descendants)

Dardic:

Kashmiri:

Arabic script: اۆگُن (ogun)

Devanagari script: ऒगुन (ogun)

Sharada script: 𑆏𑆓𑆶𑆤𑇀 (ogun)

Gandhari: 𐨀𐨒𐨁 (agi)

Pali: aggi (see there for further descendants)

→ Assamese: অগ্নি (ogni)

→ Bengali: অগ্নি (ogni) (learned)

→ English: Agni

→ Gujarati: અગ્નિ (agni)

→ Hindustani: (semi-learned)

Hindi: अगन (agan)

Urdu: اگن (agan)

→ Hindustani: (learned)

Hindi: अग्नि (agni)

Urdu: اگنی (agni)

→ Old Javanese: agni, gĕni (see there for further descendants)

→ Kannada: ಅಗ್ನಿ (agni)

→ Lao: ອັກຄະນີ (ʼak kha nī)

→ Old Marathi:

desc

Modi script: 𑘀𑘐𑘿𑘡 (agna), 𑘀𑘐𑘿𑘡𑘲 (agnī), 𑘀𑘕𑘿𑘗𑘲 (ajñī)

Devanagari script: अग्न (agna), अग्नि (agni), अज्ञी (ajñī)

→ Marwari: अगन (agan), अगनी (agnī) (semi-learned)

→ Odia: ଅଗ୍ନି (agni) (learned)

→ Russian: Агни́ (Agní)

→ Tamil: அக்கினி (akkiṉi), அக்னி (akṉi)

→ Malayalam: അഗ്നി (agni)

→ Telugu: అగ్ని (agni)

→ Thai: อัคนี (àk-ká-nii)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hagníṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hagníš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥gʷnís. Cognate with Latin ignis, Old Church Slavonic огнь (ognĭ), ⱁⰳⱀⱐ (ognĭ).

Semecarpus anacardium
Semecarpus anacardium#Translingual

name of various plants; Semecarpus anacardium, Plumbago zeylanica, Plumbago indica, Citrus aurantifolia


मत्स्य

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *mátsyas (“fish”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬯𐬌𐬌𐬀 (masiia), Persian ماهی (mâhi).

अपि त्वम् मत्स्यं खादितुम् इच्छसि?

पुरोळा इत्तुर्वशो यक्षुरासीद्राये मत्स्यासो निशिता अपीव ।
puroḷā́ ítturváśo yákṣurāsīdrāyé mátsyāso níśitā ápīva

Eager for spoil was Turvaśa Purodas, fain to win wealth, like fishes urged by hunger.


अश्व

áśva (romanization)
अश्वः (nominative singular)
अश्वौ (dual nominative)
अश्वा1 (dual nominative)
अश्वाः (nominative plural)
अश्वासः1 (nominative plural)
अश्व (singular vocative)
अश्वौ (dual vocative)
अश्वा1 (dual vocative)
अश्वाः (plural vocative)
अश्वासः1 (plural vocative)
अश्वम् (accusative singular)
अश्वौ (accusative dual)
अश्वा1 (accusative dual)
अश्वान् (accusative plural)
अश्वेन (instrumental singular)
अश्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अश्वैः (instrumental plural)
अश्वेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अश्वाय (dative singular)
अश्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अश्वेभ्यः (dative plural)
अश्वात् (ablative singular)
अश्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अश्वेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अश्वस्य (genitive singular)
अश्वयोः (dual genitive)
अश्वानाम् (genitive plural)
अश्वे (locative singular)
अश्वयोः (dual locative)
अश्वेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Shina: اَںشپوࣿ (ä̃špo)

Shina: اَںشپوࣿ (ä̃špo)

Kalasha: hãš

Bengali: অশ্ব (ośśo)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀆𑀲 (āsa)

Niya Prakrit: 𐨀𐨭𐨿𐨤 (aśpa)

Pali: assa

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (assa)

Marwari: अस (as)

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: අශ්වයා (aśwayā)

→ Bengali: অশ্ব (ośśo) (learned)

→ Hindi: अश्व (aśva) (learned)

→ Kannada: ಅಶ್ವ (aśva) (learned)

→ Marathi: अश्व (aśva) (learned)

→ Old Gujarati: अश्व (aśva) (learned)

→ Gujarati: અશ્વ (aśva) (learned)

→ Sinhalese: අශ්වය (aśwaya) (learned)

→ Indonesian: aswa

→ Lü: ᦁᦱᦌᦱ (ʼaasaa)

→ Malayalam: അശ്വം (aśvaṁ)

→ Telugu: అశ్వము (aśvamu)

→ Thai: อัศว (àt-sà-wá-)

→ Eastern Cham: ꨀꨔꨰꩍ

→ Western Cham: اسايه

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háśwas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćwas (“horse”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos (“horse”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬀 (aspa), Old Persian 𐎠𐎿 (a-s /asa/), Lithuanian ašva, Ancient Greek ἵππος (híppos) Latin equus, Old English eoh.


हस्तिन्

hastín (romanization)
हस्ती (nominative singular)
हस्तिनौ (dual nominative)
हस्तिना1 (dual nominative)
हस्तिनः (nominative plural)
हस्तिन् (singular vocative)
हस्तिनौ (dual vocative)
हस्तिना1 (dual vocative)
हस्तिनः (plural vocative)
हस्तिनम् (accusative singular)
हस्तिनौ (accusative dual)
हस्तिना1 (accusative dual)
हस्तिनः (accusative plural)
हस्तिना (instrumental singular)
हस्तिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हस्तिभिः (instrumental plural)
हस्तिने (dative singular)
हस्तिभ्याम् (dative dual)
हस्तिभ्यः (dative plural)
हस्तिनः (ablative singular)
हस्तिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हस्तिभ्यः (ablative plural)
हस्तिनः (genitive singular)
हस्तिनोः (dual genitive)
हस्तिनाम् (genitive plural)
हस्तिनि (locative singular)
हस्तिनोः (dual locative)
हस्तिषु (locative plural)

Gandhari: 𐨱𐨯𐨿𐨟𐨁 (hasti)

Pali: hatthin

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺 (hatthi), 𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀺 (hasti) — Māgadhī
Helu Prakrit:
Dhivehi: އެތް (et̊)
Sinhalese: ඇත් (æt)
Magadhi Prakrit:
Early Assamese: হাথী (hathī)
Assamese: হাতী (hati), হাথী (hathi)
→ Khasi: hati
Middle Bengali: হাথি (hathi)
Bengali: হাতি (hati)
→ Santali: ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ (hăti)
Chakma: 𑄦𑄬𑄖𑄴 (het /ét/)
Odia: ହାତୀ (hāti)
Rohingya: háñti
Sylheti: ꠀꠔ꠆ꠔꠤ (atti)
Khasa Prakrit:
Nepali: हात्ती (hāttī)
Maharastri Prakrit:
Old Marathi: hātī, hāthī
Devanagari script: हाती, हाथी
Modi script: 𑘮𑘰𑘝𑘲, 𑘮𑘰𑘞𑘲
Marathi: हत्ती (hattī)
Sauraseni Prakrit:
Hindustani: hāthī
Hindi: हाथी
Urdu: ہاتھی
Gujarati: હાથી (hāthī)
Takka Apabhramsa:
Punjabi: hātthī
Gurmukhi script: ਹਾਥੀ
Shahmukhi script: ہاتھی
Vracada Apabhramsa:
Sindhi: hāthī
Arabic script: هَاٿِي
Devanagari script: हाथी

→ Hindi: हस्ती (hastī)

→ Kannada: ಹಸ್ತಿ (hasti)

→ Old Javanese: hasti, asti
> Javanese: ꦲꦱ꧀ꦠꦶ (asti) (inherited)

From हस्त (hásta, “hand”) + -इन् (-in), literally “having a hand (i.e., a trunk)”.

af

म॒हि॒षासो॑ मा॒यिन॑श्चि॒त्रभा॑नवो गि॒रयो॒ न स्वत॑वसो रघु॒ष्यदः॑।
मृ॒गा इ॑व ह॒स्तिनः॑ खादथा॒ वना॒ यदारु॑णीषु॒ तवि॑षी॒रयु॑ग्ध्वं॥
mahiṣā́so māyínaścitrábhānavo giráyo ná svátavaso raghuṣyádaḥ.

Mighty, with wondrous power and marvellously bright, selfstrong like mountains, you glide swiftly on your way.
Like the wild elephants you eat the forests up when you assume your strength among the bright red flames.

mṛgā́ iva hastínaḥ khādathā vánā yádā́ruṇīṣu táviṣīráyugdhvaṃ.


अमृत

amṛ́ta (romanization)
अमृतः (nominative singular)
अमृतौ (dual nominative)
अमृता1 (dual nominative)
अमृताः (nominative plural)
अमृतासः1 (nominative plural)
अमृत (singular vocative)
अमृतौ (dual vocative)
अमृता1 (dual vocative)
अमृताः (plural vocative)
अमृतासः1 (plural vocative)
अमृतम् (accusative singular)
अमृतौ (accusative dual)
अमृता1 (accusative dual)
अमृतान् (accusative plural)
अमृतेन (instrumental singular)
अमृताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अमृतैः (instrumental plural)
अमृतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अमृताय (dative singular)
अमृताभ्याम् (dative dual)
अमृतेभ्यः (dative plural)
अमृतात् (ablative singular)
अमृताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अमृतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अमृतस्य (genitive singular)
अमृतयोः (dual genitive)
अमृतानाम् (genitive plural)
अमृते (locative singular)
अमृतयोः (dual locative)
अमृतेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *amŕ̥tas (“immortal”), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥mr̥tós (“immortal”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬨𐬆𐬱𐬀 (aməša, “immortal”), Ancient Greek ἄμβροτος (ámbrotos, “immortal”). Equivalent to अ- (a-) + मृत (mṛta).
The nouns derive fairly readily from the adjective.


पुरुष

púruṣa (romanization)
पुरुषः (nominative singular)
पुरुषौ (dual nominative)
पुरुषा1 (dual nominative)
पुरुषाः (nominative plural)
पुरुषासः1 (nominative plural)
पुरुष (singular vocative)
पुरुषौ (dual vocative)
पुरुषा1 (dual vocative)
पुरुषाः (plural vocative)
पुरुषासः1 (plural vocative)
पुरुषम् (accusative singular)
पुरुषौ (accusative dual)
पुरुषा1 (accusative dual)
पुरुषान् (accusative plural)
पुरुषेण (instrumental singular)
पुरुषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पुरुषैः (instrumental plural)
पुरुषेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पुरुषाय (dative singular)
पुरुषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पुरुषेभ्यः (dative plural)
पुरुषात् (ablative singular)
पुरुषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पुरुषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पुरुषस्य (genitive singular)
पुरुषयोः (dual genitive)
पुरुषाणाम् (genitive plural)
पुरुषे (locative singular)
पुरुषयोः (dual locative)
पुरुषेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha:

Arabic script: پوُروُشؕ

Latin script: púruṣ

Hindustani:

Hindi: पुरुख (purukh)

Urdu: پُرُکھ (purukh)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਪੁਰਖ (purakh), ਪੁਰਸ਼ (puraś)

Shahmukhi script: پُرَکھ (purakh), پُرَش (puraś)

→ Assamese: পুৰুষ (purux)

→ Bengali: পুরুষ (puruś)

→ Gujarati: પુરુષ (puruṣ)

→ Hindi: पुरुष (puruṣ)

→ Urdu: پرش (puruś)

→ Kannada: ಪುರುಷ (puruṣa)

→ Khmer: ប្រុស (proh)

→ Lao: ບຸຣຸດ (bu rut)

→ Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: पुरुख (purukha), पुरुष (puruṣa)

Modi script: 𑘢𑘳𑘨𑘳𑘏 (purukha), 𑘢𑘳𑘨𑘳𑘬 (puruṣa)

desc

→ Tamil: புருஷன் (puruṣaṉ, “husband, man, manhood, life, people”)

→ Telugu: పురుషుడు (puruṣuḍu)

→ Thai: บุรุษ (bù-rùt)

→ Sinhalese: පුරුෂ (puruṣa)

An alteration of *pū́rṣa (by analogy with mánuṣa), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pŕ̥Hṣas (“man”); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *perh₃- (“to produce, beget”). Cognate with Pali purisa, Ashokan Prakrit 𑀧𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀲 (pulisa, “man”), Magadhi Prakrit 𑀧𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀰 (puliśa). Further related to Latin pariō (“to spawn, to beget”).

der

स॒हस्र॑शीर्षा॒ पुरु॑षः सहस्रा॒क्षः स॒हस्र॑पात्।
स भूमिं॑ वि॒श्वतो॑ वृ॒त्वात्य॑तिष्ठद्दशाङ्गु॒लम्॥
sahásraśīrṣā púruṣaḥ sahasrākṣáḥ sahásrapāt.
sá bhū́miṃ viśváto vṛtvā́tyatiṣṭhaddaśāṅgulám.
Puruṣa, who has a thousand heads, a thousand eyes, a thousand feet, investing the earth in all directions, exceeds (it by a space) measuring ten fingers.

(Vedic religion) Purusha, the divine being from whom the universe is said to be originated


खाद्य

khādya (romanization)
खाद्यम् (nominative singular)
खाद्ये (dual nominative)
खाद्यानि (nominative plural)
खाद्या1 (nominative plural)
खाद्य (singular vocative)
खाद्ये (dual vocative)
खाद्यानि (plural vocative)
खाद्या1 (plural vocative)
खाद्यम् (accusative singular)
खाद्ये (accusative dual)
खाद्यानि (accusative plural)
खाद्या1 (accusative plural)
खाद्येन (instrumental singular)
खाद्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
खाद्यैः (instrumental plural)
खाद्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
खाद्याय (dative singular)
खाद्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
खाद्येभ्यः (dative plural)
खाद्यात् (ablative singular)
खाद्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
खाद्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
खाद्यस्य (genitive singular)
खाद्ययोः (dual genitive)
खाद्यानाम् (genitive plural)
खाद्ये (locative singular)
खाद्ययोः (dual locative)
खाद्येषु (locative plural)

Pali: khajja

Prakrit: 𑀔𑀚𑁆𑀚 (khajja)

Assamese: খাজ (khaz)

Bengali: খাজা (khaja)

Bhadrawahi: खञ्जौँ (khañja͠u)

Bihari: खाजा (khājā)

Gujarati: ખાજ (khāj), ખાજું (khājũ)

Hindustani: khājā

Hindi: खाजा

Urdu: کھاجا

Kumaoni: खाजा (khājā), खाज (khāj̈)

Marathi: खाजें (khājẽ)

Nepali: खाजा (khājā)

Odia: ଖଜା (khajā)

Punjabi: khājjā

Gurmukhi script: ਖਾੱਜਾ (khājjā)

Shahmukhi script: کھاجّا (khājjā)

Sindhi: khāj̄u

Arabic script: کاڄُ

Devanagari script: खाॼु

→ Assamese: খাদ্য (khaiddo) (learned)

→ Bengali: খাদ্য (khaddo) (learned)

→ Gujarati: ખાદ્ય (khādya) (learned)

→ Hindi: खाद्य (khādya) (learned)

→ Kannada: ಖಾದ್ಯ (khādya) (learned)

→ Malayalam: ഖാദ്യം (khādyaṁ) (learned)

→ Marathi: खाद्य (khādya) (learned)

→ Sinhalese: ඛාද්ය (khādya) (learned)

→ Tamil: காத்தியம் (kāttiyam)

→ Telugu: ఖాద్య (khādya) (learned)

/ˈkʰɑːd̪.jɐ/

From the root खाद् (khād, “to chew, eat”) + -य (-ya). Literally, “that which is to be eaten”.

sa-root

food, victuals (MBh. ii., 98 Pañcat., Bhartṛ.)


खाद्य

khādya (romanization)
खाद्यः (nominative singular)
खाद्यौ (dual nominative)
खाद्या1 (dual nominative)
खाद्याः (nominative plural)
खाद्यासः1 (nominative plural)
खाद्य (singular vocative)
खाद्यौ (dual vocative)
खाद्या1 (dual vocative)
खाद्याः (plural vocative)
खाद्यासः1 (plural vocative)
खाद्यम् (accusative singular)
खाद्यौ (accusative dual)
खाद्या1 (accusative dual)
खाद्यान् (accusative plural)
खाद्येन (instrumental singular)
खाद्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
खाद्यैः (instrumental plural)
खाद्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
खाद्याय (dative singular)
खाद्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
खाद्येभ्यः (dative plural)
खाद्यात् (ablative singular)
खाद्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
खाद्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
खाद्यस्य (genitive singular)
खाद्ययोः (dual genitive)
खाद्यानाम् (genitive plural)
खाद्ये (locative singular)
खाद्ययोः (dual locative)
खाद्येषु (locative plural)

/ˈkʰɑːd̪.jɐ/

= खदिर (khadira), Senegalia catechu (Gal.)


कीट

की॒ट (canonical)
kīṭá (romanization)
कीटः (nominative singular)
कीटौ (dual nominative)
कीटा1 (dual nominative)
कीटाः (nominative plural)
कीटासः1 (nominative plural)
कीट (singular vocative)
कीटौ (dual vocative)
कीटा1 (dual vocative)
कीटाः (plural vocative)
कीटासः1 (plural vocative)
कीटम् (accusative singular)
कीटौ (accusative dual)
कीटा1 (accusative dual)
कीटान् (accusative plural)
कीटेन (instrumental singular)
कीटाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कीटैः (instrumental plural)
कीटेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कीटाय (dative singular)
कीटाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कीटेभ्यः (dative plural)
कीटात् (ablative singular)
कीटाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कीटेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कीटस्य (genitive singular)
कीटयोः (dual genitive)
कीटानाम् (genitive plural)
कीटे (locative singular)
कीटयोः (dual locative)
कीटेषु (locative plural)

Pali: kīṭa

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀻𑀟 (kīḍa) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed terms

→ Hindi: कीट (kīṭ)

→ Telugu: కీటము (kīṭamu)

→ Thai: กีฏ (gii-dtà-)

Uncertain. According to Mayrhofer, probably borrowed from a substrate language. Perhaps from original *kīr-tá- and thus somehow related to कृमि॑ (kṛ́mi, “worm”).
Unrelated to Ancient Greek κίς (kís, “weevil”).

etymon

की॒ट


गरुड

garuḍá (romanization)
गरुडस् (nominative singular)
गरुड (singular vocative)
गरुडम् (accusative singular)
गरुडेन (instrumental singular)
गरुडाय (dative singular)
गरुडात् (ablative singular)
गरुडस्य (genitive singular)
गरुडे (locative singular)

→ Bengali: গরুড় (goruṛ)

→ Chinese: 迦樓羅 /迦楼罗 (jiālóuluó)

→ Japanese: 迦楼羅

→ English: garuda

→ Gujarati: ગરુડ (garuḍ)

→ Hindi: गरुड़ (garuṛ)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: garuḍa
> Javanese: ꦒꦫꦸꦝ (garudha) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: garuda
→ Malay: geroda
→ Balinese: ᬕᬭᬸᬥ (garuda)

→ Khmer: គ្រុឌ (krut)

→ Kannada: ಗರುಡ (garuḍa)

→ Malayalam: ഗരുഡൻ (garuḍaṉ)

desc

→ Manchu: ᡤᠠᡵᡠᡩᠠᡳ (garudai), ᡤᡝᡵᡠᡩᡝᡳ (gerudei)

→ Marathi: गरुड (garuḍ)

→ Mongolian: гарьд (garʹd)

→ Kapampangan: galura

Pali: garuḷa

→ Burmese: ဂဠုန် (ga.lun)

Punjabi: ਗਰੜ (garaṛ)

→ Shan: ၵႃလူၼ် (kǎa lǔun)

→ Saurashtra: ꢔꢾꢬꢸꢞ꣄ (geruḍ)

→ Tamil: கருடன் (karuṭaṉ)

→ Telugu: గరుడి (garuḍi)

→ Thai: ครุฑ (krút)

Unclear, possibly from गॄ (gṝ, “to devour”, root).

(Hinduism) Garuda, Mount of Vishnu, king of the Birds, son of Kashyapa and Vinata.


दण्ड

daṇḍá (romanization)
दण्डः (nominative singular)
दण्डौ (dual nominative)
दण्डा1 (dual nominative)
दण्डाः (nominative plural)
दण्डासः1 (nominative plural)
दण्ड (singular vocative)
दण्डौ (dual vocative)
दण्डा1 (dual vocative)
दण्डाः (plural vocative)
दण्डासः1 (plural vocative)
दण्डम् (accusative singular)
दण्डौ (accusative dual)
दण्डा1 (accusative dual)
दण्डान् (accusative plural)
दण्डेन (instrumental singular)
दण्डाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दण्डैः (instrumental plural)
दण्डेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दण्डाय (dative singular)
दण्डाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दण्डेभ्यः (dative plural)
दण्डात् (ablative singular)
दण्डाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दण्डेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दण्डस्य (genitive singular)
दण्डयोः (dual genitive)
दण्डानाम् (genitive plural)
दण्डे (locative singular)
दण्डयोः (dual locative)
दण्डेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Gawar-Bati: ڈݨڈ (ḍaṇḍ), ڈوݨڈیک (dōṇḍī́k), ڈیݨڈی (ḍḗṇḍī)

Kashmiri: دَن (dan), دۆنُ (donu), ڈَنڈُ (ḍanḍu)

Shina: دوݨ (do̯ṇŭ), ڈونی (ḍṓnī)

Shumashti: dä̃ṛä

Torwali: دن (dan)

Wotapuri-Katarqalai: ḍōn

→ Proto-Nuristani:

Ashkun: dōṇ

Kamkata-viri: duṇ, ḍun, ḍen

Prasuni: ḍuṇḍu, ḍuṇḍū́

Waigali: dūṇ, ḍūṇíṅ, deṇḍī́

Pali: daṇḍa, daṇḍaka

Prakrit: 𑀤𑀀𑀟 (dam̐ḍa), 𑀟𑀀𑀟𑀟𑀀𑀟𑀬 (ḍam̐ḍaḍam̐ḍaya)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Awadhi: डाँड़ (ḍā̃ṛ), डाँड़ु (ḍā̃ṛu), डाँड़ा (ḍā̃ṛā)

Gujarati: દાઁડો (dām̐ḍo), ડાઁડો (ḍām̐ḍo), દાઁડી (dām̐ḍī), ડાઁડી (ḍām̐ḍī)

Hindustani: dā̃ḍ, ḍā̃ḍ, ḍā̃ṛ, daṇḍā, ḍaṇḍā, ḍā̃ḍā, ḍā̃ṛā, ḍaṇḍī, ḍā̃ḍī

Hindi: दाँड, डाँड, डाँड़, दंडा, डंडा, डाँडा, डाँड़ा, डंडी, डाँडी

Urdu: دَاںڈ (dā̃ḍ), ڈَاںڈ (ḍā̃ḍ), ڈَاںڑ (ḍā̃ṛ), دَنڈَا, ڈَنڈَا, ڈَاںڈَا (ḍā̃ḍā), ڈَاںڑَا (ḍā̃ṛā), ڈَنڈِی (ḍanḍī), ڈَاںڈِی (ḍā̃ḍī)

Romani: ran

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: ডাঁৰ (dãr), ডাঁৰা (dãra), ডাঁৰি (dãri), ডঁৰ (dõr)

Bengali: ডান্ডা (ḍanḍa), দাঁড় (dãṛ), দাঁড়ি (dãṛi), ডাঁড় (ḍãṛ), ডাঁড়ি (ḍãṛi)

Bihari: डाँड़ (ḍā̃ṛ)

Bihari: डाँड़ (ḍā̃ṛ)

Bhojpuri: डाँड़ (ḍā̃ṛ)

Maithili: डाँड़ (ḍā̃ṛ), डाँड़ि (ḍā̃ṛɨ), डाँड़ब (ḍā̃ṛab)

Odia: ଡାଣ୍ଡ (ḍāṇḍa), ଡାଁଡ଼ (ḍā̃ṛa), ଦାଣ୍ଡି (dāṇḍi), ଦଣ୍ଡା (daṇḍā), ଦଣ୍ଡି (daṇḍi)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Garhwali: डाँड (ḍā̃ḍ)

Kumaoni: दान (dān), डान (ḍān), डाँड़ (ḍā̃ṛ), डानो (ḍāno), डानी (ḍānī), डाण (ḍāṇ)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: डाँण (ḍā̃ṇ), डाँणो (ḍā̃ṇo), डाँणि (ḍā̃ṇi)

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: डन्न (ḍann), डन्नो (ḍanno), डन्नी (ḍannī)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ދަނޑި (daⁿḍi)

Sinhalese: දණ්ඩ (daṇḍa)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: dāṇḍāro

Devanagari script: दांडारो (dāṇḍāro)

Latin script: dannddarô

Kannada script: ದಾಂಡಾರೊ

Marathi: दाँड (dŏṇḍa), दाँड (dŏṇḍa)

Western:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: dann, ḍann, ḍannā, ḍannī

Gurmukhi script: ਦੰਨ, ਡੰਨ, ਡੰਨਾ, ਡੰਨੀ

Shahmukhi script: دَنّ, ڈَنّ, ڈَنَّا, ڈَنِّی

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: ḍ̠anu, ḍ̠ano, ḍ̠anī, ḍ̠aṇḍu, ḍ̠aṇḍo

Arabic script: ڏَنُ, ڏَنو, ڏَنِي, ڏَڻڊُ, ڏَڻڊو

Devanagari script: ॾनु, ॾनो, ॾनी, ॾंडु, ॾंडो

→ Assamese: দণ্ড (dondo)

→ Bengali: দণ্ড (donḍo)

→ Burmese: ဒဏ် (dan)

→ Hindustani: daṇḍ

Hindi: दंड

Urdu: دَنڈ

→ Indonesian: denda

→ Khmer: ទណ្ឌ (tŏən)

→ Lao: ທັນ (than)

→ Malayalam: ദണ്ഡം (daṇḍaṁ)

→ Malay: denda

→ Pali: daṇḍa

→ Romani: rran

→ Sindhi: ڏَنڊُ, ड॒ण्डु

→ Sindhi: ڏَنڊُ, ड॒ण्डु

→ Tamil: தண்டம் (taṇṭam)

→ Telugu: దండము (daṇḍamu)

→ Thai: ทัณฑ์ (than)

→ Urdu:

Borrowed from substrate language. Kuiper argues for a loanword from Munda; compare Mundari ଦାଣ୍ଡି (dāṇḍi, “small stick”), Santali ᱫᱚᱬᱴᱚ (dôṇṭô, “thick stick, club”), ᱫᱚᱬᱴᱤᱴᱤᱛ (dôṇṭiṭit, “stem of mushrooms”), ᱫᱚᱬᱰᱤ (dôṇḍi, “stick, staff, stalk”). Likewise, Southworth suggests a Dravidian substratum, compare Malayalam തണ്ട് (taṇṭŭ, “stick, club”).
Alternatively, but less likely, a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”), whence दारु (dā́ru), and thus cognate with Ancient Greek δένδρον (déndron, “tree”), but both this and that Greek word are phonologically difficult to explain.


दूरदर्शन

dūradárśana (romanization)
दूरदर्शनः (nominative singular)
दूरदर्शनौ (dual nominative)
दूरदर्शना1 (dual nominative)
दूरदर्शनाः (nominative plural)
दूरदर्शनासः1 (nominative plural)
दूरदर्शन (singular vocative)
दूरदर्शनौ (dual vocative)
दूरदर्शना1 (dual vocative)
दूरदर्शनाः (plural vocative)
दूरदर्शनासः1 (plural vocative)
दूरदर्शनम् (accusative singular)
दूरदर्शनौ (accusative dual)
दूरदर्शना1 (accusative dual)
दूरदर्शनान् (accusative plural)
दूरदर्शनेन (instrumental singular)
दूरदर्शनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दूरदर्शनैः (instrumental plural)
दूरदर्शनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दूरदर्शनाय (dative singular)
दूरदर्शनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दूरदर्शनेभ्यः (dative plural)
दूरदर्शनात् (ablative singular)
दूरदर्शनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दूरदर्शनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दूरदर्शनस्य (genitive singular)
दूरदर्शनयोः (dual genitive)
दूरदर्शनानाम् (genitive plural)
दूरदर्शने (locative singular)
दूरदर्शनयोः (dual locative)
दूरदर्शनेषु (locative plural)

/d̪uː.ɾɐˈd̪ɐɾ.ɕɐ.n̪ɐ/

Compound of दूर (dūrá, “far”) + दर्शन (dárśana, “sight”).
The sense “television” is a semantic loan from English television based on its etymology, i.e. a calque of English tele- (“far”) + vision, probably following Hindi.


दूरदर्शन

dūradárśana (romanization)
दूरदर्शनम् (nominative singular)
दूरदर्शने (dual nominative)
दूरदर्शनानि (nominative plural)
दूरदर्शना1 (nominative plural)
दूरदर्शन (singular vocative)
दूरदर्शने (dual vocative)
दूरदर्शनानि (plural vocative)
दूरदर्शना1 (plural vocative)
दूरदर्शनम् (accusative singular)
दूरदर्शने (accusative dual)
दूरदर्शनानि (accusative plural)
दूरदर्शना1 (accusative plural)
दूरदर्शनेन (instrumental singular)
दूरदर्शनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दूरदर्शनैः (instrumental plural)
दूरदर्शनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दूरदर्शनाय (dative singular)
दूरदर्शनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दूरदर्शनेभ्यः (dative plural)
दूरदर्शनात् (ablative singular)
दूरदर्शनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दूरदर्शनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दूरदर्शनस्य (genitive singular)
दूरदर्शनयोः (dual genitive)
दूरदर्शनानाम् (genitive plural)
दूरदर्शने (locative singular)
दूरदर्शनयोः (dual locative)
दूरदर्शनेषु (locative plural)

→ Thai: โทรทัศน์ (too-rá-tát)

→ Lao: ໂທລະທັດ (thō la that)

desc

→ Khmer: ទូរទស្សន៍ (tuurĕəʼtŭəh)

→ Khmer: ទូរទស្សន៍ (tuurĕəʼtŭəh)

/d̪uː.ɾɐˈd̪ɐɾ.ɕɐ.n̪ɐ/


अश्वमेध

aśvamedhá (romanization)
अश्वमेधः (nominative singular)
अश्वमेधौ (dual nominative)
अश्वमेधा1 (dual nominative)
अश्वमेधाः (nominative plural)
अश्वमेधासः1 (nominative plural)
अश्वमेध (singular vocative)
अश्वमेधौ (dual vocative)
अश्वमेधा1 (dual vocative)
अश्वमेधाः (plural vocative)
अश्वमेधासः1 (plural vocative)
अश्वमेधम् (accusative singular)
अश्वमेधौ (accusative dual)
अश्वमेधा1 (accusative dual)
अश्वमेधान् (accusative plural)
अश्वमेधेन (instrumental singular)
अश्वमेधाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अश्वमेधैः (instrumental plural)
अश्वमेधेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अश्वमेधाय (dative singular)
अश्वमेधाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अश्वमेधेभ्यः (dative plural)
अश्वमेधात् (ablative singular)
अश्वमेधाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अश्वमेधेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अश्वमेधस्य (genitive singular)
अश्वमेधयोः (dual genitive)
अश्वमेधानाम् (genitive plural)
अश्वमेधे (locative singular)
अश्वमेधयोः (dual locative)
अश्वमेधेषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: अश्वमेध (aśvamedh)

→ Telugu: అశ్వమేధము (aśvamēdhamu)

→ Tocharian B: aśvamet

/ɐɕ.ʋɐ.mɐj.dʱɐ́/

/ɐɕ.ʋɐˈmeː.d̪ʱɐ/

/ɐ́ɕ.ʋɐ.mɐj.dʱɐ/

/ɐɕ.ʋɐˈmeː.d̪ʱɐ/

An oxytonic tatpurusa compound of अश्व (áśva, “horse”) and मेध (médha, “animal sacrifice”). Possible cognate with Gaulish Epomeduos (“name of a festival and a deity”).

cog

(Hinduism) horse sacrifice, the Ashvamedha ritual


अरविन्द

Pali: aravinda

Hindi: अरबिन्द (arbind)

→ Malayalam: അരവിന്ദം (aravindaṁ)

→ Tamil: அரவிந்தம் (aravintam)

/ɐ.ɾɐˈʋin̪.d̪ɐ/

Uncertain. Probably borrowed from Dravidian.
Probably related to कुरुविन्द (kuruvinda, “ruby”) (for the semantic relation, compare Sanskrit पद्म (padma, “lotus”) and पद्मराग (padmarāga, “ruby”, literally “lotus-coloured”).


बुलबुल

bulabula (romanization)
बुलबुलः (nominative singular)
बुलबुलौ (dual nominative)
बुलबुलाः (nominative plural)
बुलबुल (singular vocative)
बुलबुलौ (dual vocative)
बुलबुलाः (plural vocative)
बुलबुलम् (accusative singular)
बुलबुलौ (accusative dual)
बुलबुलान् (accusative plural)
बुलबुलेन (instrumental singular)
बुलबुलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बुलबुलैः (instrumental plural)
बुलबुलाय (dative singular)
बुलबुलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
बुलबुलेभ्यः (dative plural)
बुलबुलात् (ablative singular)
बुलबुलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बुलबुलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
बुलबुलस्य (genitive singular)
बुलबुलयोः (dual genitive)
बुलबुलानाम् (genitive plural)
बुलबुले (locative singular)
बुलबुलयोः (dual locative)
बुलबुलेषु (locative plural)

अस्मिता — अपि सन्ति बुलबुलाः अत्र?
 नियामकः — तेऽपि सन्ति। शृणु, शृणु बुलबुलगानं पेरुकवाटिकायाम्।

Asmitā — Are there nightingales here too?
 Niyāmaka — They are there too. Listen, listen to the nightingale-song in Perukavāṭikā.

asmitā — api santi bulabulāḥ atra?
 niyāmakaḥ — teʼpi santi. śṛṇu, śṛṇu bulabulagānaṃ perukavāṭikāyām.


मृग

mṛgá (romanization)
मृगः (nominative singular)
मृगौ (dual nominative)
मृगा1 (dual nominative)
मृगाः (nominative plural)
मृगासः1 (nominative plural)
मृग (singular vocative)
मृगौ (dual vocative)
मृगा1 (dual vocative)
मृगाः (plural vocative)
मृगासः1 (plural vocative)
मृगम् (accusative singular)
मृगौ (accusative dual)
मृगा1 (accusative dual)
मृगान् (accusative plural)
मृगेण (instrumental singular)
मृगाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मृगैः (instrumental plural)
मृगेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मृगाय (dative singular)
मृगाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मृगेभ्यः (dative plural)
मृगात् (ablative singular)
मृगाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मृगेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मृगस्य (genitive singular)
मृगयोः (dual genitive)
मृगाणाम् (genitive plural)
मृगे (locative singular)
मृगयोः (dual locative)
मृगेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: mru (“mountain goat”)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀺𑀅 (mia)

Pali: maga, miga

→ Thai: มิคะ (mí-ká)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀅 (maa)

→ Bengali: মৃগ (mrig, “deer”)

→ Kannada: ಮೃಗ (mṛga)

→ Malayalam: മൃഗം (mr̥gaṁ)

→ Tamil: மிருகம் (mirukam)

→ Thai: มฤค (má-rʉ́k)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *mr̥gás (“forest animal”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬖𐬀 (mər^əγa, “bird”), Sogdian 𐼺𐽀𐼲𐼷 (mrɣy, “bird”). Also related to Persian مرغ (morğ, “hen”).

inh

(especially) a deer, gazelle, antelope, stag, musk-deer


मेष

मे॒ष (canonical)
meṣá (romanization)
मेषः (nominative singular)
मेषौ (dual nominative)
मेषा1 (dual nominative)
मेषाः (nominative plural)
मेषासः1 (nominative plural)
मेष (singular vocative)
मेषौ (dual vocative)
मेषा1 (dual vocative)
मेषाः (plural vocative)
मेषासः1 (plural vocative)
मेषम् (accusative singular)
मेषौ (accusative dual)
मेषा1 (accusative dual)
मेषान् (accusative plural)
मेषेण (instrumental singular)
मेषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मेषैः (instrumental plural)
मेषेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मेषाय (dative singular)
मेषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मेषेभ्यः (dative plural)
मेषात् (ablative singular)
मेषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मेषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मेषस्य (genitive singular)
मेषयोः (dual genitive)
मेषाणाम् (genitive plural)
मेषे (locative singular)
मेषयोः (dual locative)
मेषेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: meṣ

Prakrit: 𑀫𑁂𑀲 (mesa) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed terms

→ Burmese: မိဿ (mi.ssa.)

→ Kannada: ಮೇಷ (mēṣa)

→ Khmer: មេសា (meisaa)

→ Hindi: मेष (meṣ)

→ Marathi: मेष (meṣ)

→ Odia: ମେଷ (mesha)

→ Tamil: மேஷம் (mēṣam)

→ Thai: เมษ (mêet)

→ Malayalam: മേഷം (mēṣaṁ), മേടം (mēṭaṁ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *moysós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *mayšás
Sanskrit मे॒ष (meṣá)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mayšás, from Proto-Indo-European *moysós. Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀 (maēša), Persian میش (miš), Proto-Slavic *mě̑xъ (“leather bag, sack”).

etymon

मे॒ष


उमा

umā (romanization)
उमा (nominative singular)
उमे (dual nominative)
उमाः (nominative plural)
उमे (singular vocative)
उमे (dual vocative)
उमाः (plural vocative)
उमाम् (accusative singular)
उमे (accusative dual)
उमाः (accusative plural)
उमया (instrumental singular)
उमा1 (instrumental singular)
उमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उमाभिः (instrumental plural)
उमायै (dative singular)
उमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
उमाभ्यः (dative plural)
उमायाः (ablative singular)
उमायै2 (ablative singular)
उमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उमाभ्यः (ablative plural)
उमायाः (genitive singular)
उमायै2 (genitive singular)
उमयोः (dual genitive)
उमानाम् (genitive plural)
उमायाम् (locative singular)
उमयोः (dual locative)
उमासु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: उमा (umā)

→ Telugu: ఉమ (uma)


आलु

ālu (romanization)
आलु (nominative singular)
आलुनी (dual nominative)
आलूनि (nominative plural)
आलु (singular vocative)
आलुनी (dual vocative)
आलूनि (plural vocative)
आलु (accusative singular)
आलुनी (accusative dual)
आलूनि (accusative plural)
आलुना (instrumental singular)
आलुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आलुभिः (instrumental plural)
आलुने (dative singular)
आलुभ्याम् (dative dual)
आलुभ्यः (dative plural)
आलुनः (ablative singular)
आलुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आलुभ्यः (ablative plural)
आलुनः (genitive singular)
आलुनोः (dual genitive)
आलूनाम् (genitive plural)
आलुनि (locative singular)
आलुनोः (dual locative)
आलुषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Neuter u-stem declension of आलु

Of uncertain origin. Has been suggested to derive from Proto-Indo-Aryan *HaHlu, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HaHlu, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eHlu (“edible root”), and thus be cognate with Latin ālium (“onion, garlic”). However, Mayrhofer considers this derivation unconvincing, perhaps due to the general principle of specific plant names usually being borrowed from local substrates rather than being inherited in Indo-European languages.

inh

an esculent root, elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius, syn. Arum campanulatum)


गौर

राज-सर्षप राज-सर्षप

white mustard (the seed of which is used as a weight, = 3 राज-सर्षपs)


गौर

desctree

→ Old Javanese: gora
> Javanese: ꦒꦺꦴꦫ (gora) (inherited)


पद्म

padma (romanization)
पद्मः (nominative singular)
पद्मौ (dual nominative)
पद्माः (nominative plural)
पद्म (singular vocative)
पद्मौ (dual vocative)
पद्माः (plural vocative)
पद्मम् (accusative singular)
पद्मौ (accusative dual)
पद्मान् (accusative plural)
पद्मेन (instrumental singular)
पद्माभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पद्मैः (instrumental plural)
पद्माय (dative singular)
पद्माभ्याम् (dative dual)
पद्मेभ्यः (dative plural)
पद्मात् (ablative singular)
पद्माभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पद्मेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पद्मस्य (genitive singular)
पद्मयोः (dual genitive)
पद्मानाम् (genitive plural)
पद्मे (locative singular)
पद्मयोः (dual locative)
पद्मेषु (locative plural)
पद्मा (nominative singular)
पद्मे (dual nominative)
पद्माः (nominative plural)
पद्मे (singular vocative)
पद्मे (dual vocative)
पद्माः (plural vocative)
पद्माम् (accusative singular)
पद्मे (accusative dual)
पद्माः (accusative plural)
पद्मया (instrumental singular)
पद्माभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पद्माभिः (instrumental plural)
पद्मायै (dative singular)
पद्माभ्याम् (dative dual)
पद्माभ्यः (dative plural)
पद्मायाः (ablative singular)
पद्माभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पद्माभ्यः (ablative plural)
पद्मायाः (genitive singular)
पद्मयोः (dual genitive)
पद्मानाम् (genitive plural)
पद्मायाम् (locative singular)
पद्मयोः (dual locative)
पद्मासु (locative plural)
पद्मम् (nominative singular)
पद्मे (dual nominative)
पद्मानि (nominative plural)
पद्म (singular vocative)
पद्मे (dual vocative)
पद्मानि (plural vocative)
पद्मम् (accusative singular)
पद्मे (accusative dual)
पद्मानि (accusative plural)
पद्मेन (instrumental singular)
पद्माभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पद्मैः (instrumental plural)
पद्माय (dative singular)
पद्माभ्याम् (dative dual)
पद्मेभ्यः (dative plural)
पद्मात् (ablative singular)
पद्माभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पद्मेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पद्मस्य (genitive singular)
पद्मयोः (dual genitive)
पद्मानाम् (genitive plural)
पद्मे (locative singular)
पद्मयोः (dual locative)
पद्मेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of पद्म

Feminine ā-stem declension of पद्म

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">पद्म</i>

Of uncertain origin. Possibly related to Proto-Indo-Iranian *ni-pad- (“to lie down, sleep”) (compare Middle Persian [script needed] (npdm /nibēm/, “prostrate”)), from *ní (“down, in”) + *pád (“to go, fall”), akin to the way a lotus flower folds up and closes at night. A substrate borrowing is also possible.


जनि

jáni (romanization)
जनिः (nominative singular)
जनी (dual nominative)
जनयः (nominative plural)
जने (singular vocative)
जनी (dual vocative)
जनयः (plural vocative)
जनिम् (accusative singular)
जनी (accusative dual)
जनीः (accusative plural)
जन्या (instrumental singular)
जनी1 (instrumental singular)
जनिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जनिभिः (instrumental plural)
जनये (dative singular)
जन्यै2 (dative singular)
जनी1 (dative singular)
जनिभ्याम् (dative dual)
जनिभ्यः (dative plural)
जनेः (ablative singular)
जन्याः2 (ablative singular)
जन्यै3 (ablative singular)
जनिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जनिभ्यः (ablative plural)
जन्युर् (genitive singular)
जन्योः (dual genitive)
जनीनाम् (genitive plural)
जनौ (locative singular)
जन्याम्2 (locative singular)
जना1 (locative singular)
जन्योः (dual locative)
जनिषु (locative plural)

The sense “woman” is from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰánHiš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn (“woman”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬘𐬇𐬥𐬌 (jə̄ni), 𐬘𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌 (jaⁱni, “woman”), Persian زن (zan),
Central Kurdish ژن (jin), Ancient Greek γῠνή (gŭnḗ) (whence English gyno-), English queen. Doublet of ग्ना (gnā́).
The sense “birth”, which has been conflated with the word for “woman”, is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to give birth”), whence also जन (jana, “people”), जनस् (janas, “race”), जनिमन् (janiman, “birth”), etc.


आति

ātí (romanization)
आतिः (nominative singular)
आती (dual nominative)
आतयः (nominative plural)
आते (singular vocative)
आती (dual vocative)
आतयः (plural vocative)
आतिम् (accusative singular)
आती (accusative dual)
आतीः (accusative plural)
आत्या (instrumental singular)
आती1 (instrumental singular)
आतिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आतिभिः (instrumental plural)
आतये (dative singular)
आत्यै2 (dative singular)
आती1 (dative singular)
आतिभ्याम् (dative dual)
आतिभ्यः (dative plural)
आतेः (ablative singular)
आत्याः2 (ablative singular)
आत्यै3 (ablative singular)
आतिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आतिभ्यः (ablative plural)
आतेः (genitive singular)
आत्याः2 (genitive singular)
आत्यै3 (genitive singular)
आत्योः (dual genitive)
आतीनाम् (genitive plural)
आतौ (locative singular)
आत्याम्2 (locative singular)
आता1 (locative singular)
आत्योः (dual locative)
आतिषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: ạ́i

Khowar: آڑی (áɫi)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀆𑀟𑀺 (āḍi)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *HaHtíṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HaHtíš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énh₂ts (“duck”).
Cognate with Latin anas, Ancient Greek νῆττᾰ (nêttă), Ossetian ацц (acc), Old East Slavic уты (uty), Old Prussian antis, Old English æned.

the bank myna (Acridotheres ginginianus, formerly known as Turdus ginginianus)


सूत्र

sū́tra (romanization)
सूत्रम् (nominative singular)
सूत्रे (dual nominative)
सूत्राणि (nominative plural)
सूत्रा1 (nominative plural)
सूत्र (singular vocative)
सूत्रे (dual vocative)
सूत्राणि (plural vocative)
सूत्रा1 (plural vocative)
सूत्रम् (accusative singular)
सूत्रे (accusative dual)
सूत्राणि (accusative plural)
सूत्रा1 (accusative plural)
सूत्रेण (instrumental singular)
सूत्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सूत्रैः (instrumental plural)
सूत्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सूत्राय (dative singular)
सूत्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
सूत्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
सूत्रात् (ablative singular)
सूत्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सूत्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सूत्रस्य (genitive singular)
सूत्रयोः (dual genitive)
सूत्राणाम् (genitive plural)
सूत्रे (locative singular)
सूत्रयोः (dual locative)
सूत्रेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Dameli: sutr

Kalasha: sūtr̥, sūtr

Kashmiri: سَتھَر (sathar)

Khowar: شتر (šutur)

Phalura: سوتر (sūtr)

Pali: sutta

→ Burmese: သုတ် (sut)

→ Shan: သုၵ်ႈ (sūk)

→ English: sutta

→ Lao: ສູດ (sūt)

desc

→ Lü: ᦉᦳᧆᦏ (ṡudṫh)

→ Lü: ᦉᦳᧆᦏ (ṡudṫh)

→ Mon: သုတ်

→ Russian: су́тта (sútta)

→ Thai: สูตร (sùut)

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (sutta), 𑀲𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀅 (suttia)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (sutta)

Hindustani: sūt

Hindi: सूत

Urdu: سُوت (sūt)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: সুত (xut), সূতা (xuta), ছুতা (suta)

Bengali: সুতা (śuta)

Bihari: सूत (sūt), सूता (sūtā)

Bhojpuri: सूत (sūt)

Odia: ସୁଟା (suṭā)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Garhwali: सूत (sūt)

Kumaoni: सूत (sūt)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: सुत (sut)

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: सूट्ळ (sūṭḷ), सूट्ळू (sūṭḷū)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: sūtar, sūt, sūtrī, sūtṛī

Gurmukhi script: ਸੂਤਰ, ਸੂਤ, ਸੂਤਰੀ, ਸੂਤੜੀ

Shahmukhi script: سُوتَر, سُوت, سُوترِی, سُوتڑِی

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: suṭru

Arabic script: سُٹرُ

Devanagari script: सुट्रु

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: އުއި (ui)

Sinhalese: හු (hu), හුය (huya)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: sūta

Devanagari script: सूत (sūt)

Latin script: sut

Kannada script: ಸೂತ

Marathi: सूत (sūt)

Western:

Gurjara Apabhramsa:

Gujarati: સુતર (sutar)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani: sutlī

Hindi: सुतली

Urdu: سُترِی (sutrī)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Odia: ସୁତୁଲୋ (sutulo)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Kumaoni: सुत्लो (sutlo)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: सुत्लि (sutli)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani: sūtī

Hindi: सूती

Urdu: سُوتِی (sūtī)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: सुति (suti)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: sūtī

Gurmukhi script: ਸੂਤੀ

Shahmukhi script: سُوتِی

Western:

Gujarati: સુતરિયો (sutriyo)

→ Middle Chinese: 修多羅 (MC sjuw ta la)

Mandarin: 修多羅 /修多罗 (xiūduōluō)

→ Old Khmer: [script needed] (sūtra)

Khmer: សូត្រ (sout)

→ Old Malay: [script needed] (sūtra)

Classical Malay: سوترا (sutĕra)

Malay: sutera

Indonesian: sutra

→ Maranao: sotra'

→ Old Tagalog: ᜐᜓᜆ᜔ᜎ (sutla)

Tagalog: sutla

→ Old Tamil: 𑀘𑀽𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀭𑀫𑁆 (cūttiram)

→ Old Uyghur: [script needed] (sudur)

→ Middle Mongol: ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ (sudur)

Classical Mongolian: ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ (sudur)

Mongolian: судар (sudar)

→ English: sutra

→ French: soutra

→ German: Sutra

→ Norwegian Bokmål: sutra

→ Polish: sutra

→ Portuguese: sutra

→ Serbo-Croatian: sutra

/ˈs̪uːt̪.ɾɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *súHtram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *súHtram, from Proto-Indo-European *súh₁trom, from *syuh₁- (“to sew”). Synchronically derivable from the root सिव् (siv, “to sew”), and connected with सूचि (sūci) and सूना (sūnā).

that which like a thread runs through or holds together everything, rule, direction

a short sentence or aphoristic rule, and any work or manual consisting of strings of such rules; hanging together like threads; or, alternatively, written on palm leaves which are strung together sutra


दारु

dārú (romanization)
दारुः (nominative singular)
दारू (dual nominative)
दारवः (nominative plural)
दारो (singular vocative)
दारू (dual vocative)
दारवः (plural vocative)
दारुम् (accusative singular)
दारू (accusative dual)
दारून् (accusative plural)
दारुणा (instrumental singular)
दार्वा1 (instrumental singular)
दारुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दारुभिः (instrumental plural)
दारवे (dative singular)
दार्वे1 (dative singular)
दारुभ्याम् (dative dual)
दारुभ्यः (dative plural)
दारोः (ablative singular)
दार्वः1 (ablative singular)
दारुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दारुभ्यः (ablative plural)
दारोः (genitive singular)
दार्वः1 (genitive singular)
दार्वोः (dual genitive)
दारूणाम् (genitive plural)
दारौ (locative singular)
दार्वोः (dual locative)
दारुषु (locative plural)
दारुः (nominative singular)
दारू (dual nominative)
दारवः (nominative plural)
दारो (singular vocative)
दारू (dual vocative)
दारवः (plural vocative)
दारुम् (accusative singular)
दारू (accusative dual)
दारूः (accusative plural)
दार्वा (instrumental singular)
दारुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दारुभिः (instrumental plural)
दारवे (dative singular)
दार्वै1 (dative singular)
दारुभ्याम् (dative dual)
दारुभ्यः (dative plural)
दारोः (ablative singular)
दार्वाः1 (ablative singular)
दार्वै2 (ablative singular)
दारुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दारुभ्यः (ablative plural)
दारोः (genitive singular)
दार्वाः1 (genitive singular)
दार्वै2 (genitive singular)
दार्वोः (dual genitive)
दारूणाम् (genitive plural)
दारौ (locative singular)
दार्वाम्1 (locative singular)
दार्वोः (dual locative)
दारुषु (locative plural)
दारु (nominative singular)
दारुणी (dual nominative)
दारूणि (nominative plural)
दारु1 (nominative plural)
दारू1 (nominative plural)
दारु (singular vocative)
दारो (singular vocative)
दारुणी (dual vocative)
दारूणि (plural vocative)
दारु1 (plural vocative)
दारू1 (plural vocative)
दारु (accusative singular)
दारुणी (accusative dual)
दारूणि (accusative plural)
दारु1 (accusative plural)
दारू1 (accusative plural)
दारुणा (instrumental singular)
दार्वा1 (instrumental singular)
दारुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दारुभिः (instrumental plural)
दारुणे (dative singular)
दारवे1 (dative singular)
दार्वे1 (dative singular)
दारुभ्याम् (dative dual)
दारुभ्यः (dative plural)
दारुणः (ablative singular)
दारोः1 (ablative singular)
दार्वः1 (ablative singular)
दारुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दारुभ्यः (ablative plural)
दारुणः (genitive singular)
दारोः1 (genitive singular)
दार्वः1 (genitive singular)
दारुणोः (dual genitive)
दारूणाम् (genitive plural)
दारुणि (locative singular)
दारौ1 (locative singular)
दारुणोः (dual locative)
दारुषु (locative plural)

From दॄ (dṝ, “tear, burst, split, break”).


गो

gó (romanization)
गौः (nominative singular)
गावौ (dual nominative)
गावा1 (dual nominative)
गावः (nominative plural)
गौः (singular vocative)
गावौ (dual vocative)
गावा1 (dual vocative)
गावः (plural vocative)
गाम् (accusative singular)
गावौ (accusative dual)
गावा1 (accusative dual)
गाः (accusative plural)
गावः (accusative plural)
गवा (instrumental singular)
गोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गोभिः (instrumental plural)
गवे (dative singular)
गोभ्याम् (dative dual)
गोभ्यः (dative plural)
गोः (ablative singular)
गोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गोभ्यः (ablative plural)
गोः (genitive singular)
गवोः (dual genitive)
गवाम् (genitive plural)
गोनाम् (genitive plural)
गवि (locative singular)
गवोः (dual locative)
गोषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun-m

gā́ḥ,gā́vaḥ²

Dardic:

Kamkata-viri: gō

Kashmiri: گاو (gāv)

Tirahi: gọ̈̄

Torwali: گو (gō)

Phalura: گو (gū)

Pashayi:

Northeast Pashayi: gō

Southeast Pashayi: gā

Shina: گو (gū)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: গাই (gai)

Bengali: গাই (gai)

Marathi: गाय (gāy)

Nepali: गाई (gāī)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi:

Punjabi: ਗਾਂ (gā̃), Punjabi: ਗਾਈਂ (gāī̃)

Shahmukhi script: گاں (gāṉ), Shahmukhi script: گائں (gā'iṉ)

Pali: go, gāva

→ Khmer: គោ (koo)

→ Thai: โค (koo)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀕𑀸𑀈 (gāī)

Gujarati:

Gujarati script: ગાય (gāya)

Lisan ud-Dawat Gujarati: گایہ (gāya)

Hindi: गाय (gāy), गो (go)

Urdu: گائے (gāe)

Sinhalese: ගව (gawa)

→ Hindi: गौ (gau)

→ Telugu: గోవు (gōvu)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws
Proto-Indo-Iranian *gā́wš
Sanskrit गो (go)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gā́wš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cattle”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬊 (gao), Ancient Greek βοῦς (boûs), Latin bōs, Old English cū (whence English cow).

etymon

आ गावो॑ अग्मन्नु॒त भ॒द्रम॑क्र॒न्त्सीद॑न्तु गो॒ष्ठे र॒णय॑न्त्व॒स्मे।
प्र॒जाव॑तीः पुरु॒रूपा॑ इ॒ह स्यु॒रिन्द्रा॑य पू॒र्वीरु॒षसो॒ दुहा॑नाः॥
ā́ gā́vo agmannutá bhadrámakrantsī́dantu goṣṭhé raṇáyantvasmé.

The cows have come and brought good fortune: let them rest in the cow-pen and be happy near us.
Here let them stay prolific, many-coloured, and yield their milk for Indra through many mornings.

prajā́vatīḥ pururū́pā ihá syuríndrāya pūrvī́ruṣáso dúhānāḥ.

(in the plural) cattle, kine, herd of cattle

(usually in the plural) anything coming from or belonging to an ox or cow, milk, flesh, skin, hide, leather, strap of leather, bow-string, sinew


अर्जुन

árjuna (romanization)
अर्जुनः (nominative singular)
अर्जुनौ (dual nominative)
अर्जुना1 (dual nominative)
अर्जुनाः (nominative plural)
अर्जुनासः1 (nominative plural)
अर्जुन (singular vocative)
अर्जुनौ (dual vocative)
अर्जुना1 (dual vocative)
अर्जुनाः (plural vocative)
अर्जुनासः1 (plural vocative)
अर्जुनम् (accusative singular)
अर्जुनौ (accusative dual)
अर्जुना1 (accusative dual)
अर्जुनान् (accusative plural)
अर्जुनेन (instrumental singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अर्जुनैः (instrumental plural)
अर्जुनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अर्जुनाय (dative singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अर्जुनेभ्यः (dative plural)
अर्जुनात् (ablative singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अर्जुनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अर्जुनस्य (genitive singular)
अर्जुनयोः (dual genitive)
अर्जुनानाम् (genitive plural)
अर्जुने (locative singular)
अर्जुनयोः (dual locative)
अर्जुनेषु (locative plural)
अर्जुना (nominative singular)
अर्जुने (dual nominative)
अर्जुनाः (nominative plural)
अर्जुने (singular vocative)
अर्जुने (dual vocative)
अर्जुनाः (plural vocative)
अर्जुनाम् (accusative singular)
अर्जुने (accusative dual)
अर्जुनाः (accusative plural)
अर्जुनया (instrumental singular)
अर्जुना1 (instrumental singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अर्जुनाभिः (instrumental plural)
अर्जुनायै (dative singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अर्जुनाभ्यः (dative plural)
अर्जुनायाः (ablative singular)
अर्जुनायै2 (ablative singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अर्जुनाभ्यः (ablative plural)
अर्जुनायाः (genitive singular)
अर्जुनायै2 (genitive singular)
अर्जुनयोः (dual genitive)
अर्जुनानाम् (genitive plural)
अर्जुनायाम् (locative singular)
अर्जुनयोः (dual locative)
अर्जुनासु (locative plural)
अर्जुनम् (nominative singular)
अर्जुने (dual nominative)
अर्जुनानि (nominative plural)
अर्जुना1 (nominative plural)
अर्जुन (singular vocative)
अर्जुने (dual vocative)
अर्जुनानि (plural vocative)
अर्जुना1 (plural vocative)
अर्जुनम् (accusative singular)
अर्जुने (accusative dual)
अर्जुनानि (accusative plural)
अर्जुना1 (accusative plural)
अर्जुनेन (instrumental singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अर्जुनैः (instrumental plural)
अर्जुनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अर्जुनाय (dative singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अर्जुनेभ्यः (dative plural)
अर्जुनात् (ablative singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अर्जुनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अर्जुनस्य (genitive singular)
अर्जुनयोः (dual genitive)
अर्जुनानाम् (genitive plural)
अर्जुने (locative singular)
अर्जुनयोः (dual locative)
अर्जुनेषु (locative plural)

/ˈɐɾ.d͡ʑu.n̪ɐ/

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂érǵ-u-nom (“white, shining; silver”). Cognate with Latin argentum (“silver”).


अर्जुन

árjuna (romanization)
अर्जुनम् (nominative singular)
अर्जुने (dual nominative)
अर्जुनानि (nominative plural)
अर्जुना1 (nominative plural)
अर्जुन (singular vocative)
अर्जुने (dual vocative)
अर्जुनानि (plural vocative)
अर्जुना1 (plural vocative)
अर्जुनम् (accusative singular)
अर्जुने (accusative dual)
अर्जुनानि (accusative plural)
अर्जुना1 (accusative plural)
अर्जुनेन (instrumental singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अर्जुनैः (instrumental plural)
अर्जुनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अर्जुनाय (dative singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अर्जुनेभ्यः (dative plural)
अर्जुनात् (ablative singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अर्जुनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अर्जुनस्य (genitive singular)
अर्जुनयोः (dual genitive)
अर्जुनानाम् (genitive plural)
अर्जुने (locative singular)
अर्जुनयोः (dual locative)
अर्जुनेषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀼𑀡 (ajjuṇa, “silver”)

/ˈɐɾ.d͡ʑu.n̪ɐ/

(in the plural) the descendants of Arjuna


अर्जुन

arjuna (romanization)
अर्जुनः (nominative singular)
अर्जुनौ (dual nominative)
अर्जुना1 (dual nominative)
अर्जुनाः (nominative plural)
अर्जुनासः1 (nominative plural)
अर्जुन (singular vocative)
अर्जुनौ (dual vocative)
अर्जुना1 (dual vocative)
अर्जुनाः (plural vocative)
अर्जुनासः1 (plural vocative)
अर्जुनम् (accusative singular)
अर्जुनौ (accusative dual)
अर्जुना1 (accusative dual)
अर्जुनान् (accusative plural)
अर्जुनेन (instrumental singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अर्जुनैः (instrumental plural)
अर्जुनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अर्जुनाय (dative singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अर्जुनेभ्यः (dative plural)
अर्जुनात् (ablative singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अर्जुनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अर्जुनस्य (genitive singular)
अर्जुनयोः (dual genitive)
अर्जुनानाम् (genitive plural)
अर्जुने (locative singular)
अर्जुनयोः (dual locative)
अर्जुनेषु (locative plural)

→ Old Javanese: arjuna

→ Tocharian B: arjuṃ

/ˈɐɾ.d͡ʑu.n̪ɐ/

Terminalia arjuna
Terminalia arjuna#Translingual


अर्जुन

arjuna (romanization)
अर्जुनः (nominative singular)
अर्जुनौ (dual nominative)
अर्जुनाः (nominative plural)
अर्जुन (singular vocative)
अर्जुनौ (dual vocative)
अर्जुनाः (plural vocative)
अर्जुनम् (accusative singular)
अर्जुनौ (accusative dual)
अर्जुनान् (accusative plural)
अर्जुनेन (instrumental singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अर्जुनैः (instrumental plural)
अर्जुनाय (dative singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अर्जुनेभ्यः (dative plural)
अर्जुनात् (ablative singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अर्जुनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अर्जुनस्य (genitive singular)
अर्जुनयोः (dual genitive)
अर्जुनानाम् (genitive plural)
अर्जुने (locative singular)
अर्जुनयोः (dual locative)
अर्जुनेषु (locative plural)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: Arjuna
Javanese: ꦄꦂꦗꦸꦤ (Arjuna), ꦲꦼꦂꦗꦸꦤ (Herjuna)
→ Balinese: ᬅᬃᬚᬸᬦ (Arjuna)

/ˈɐɾ.d͡ʑu.n̪ɐ/

(Hinduism) Arjuna, son of Pandu and Kunti, husband of Draupadi and Subhadra, and the father of Abhimanyu and Shrutakarma

a male given name commonly used in India


हस्त

hásta (romanization)
हस्तः (nominative singular)
हस्तौ (dual nominative)
हस्ता1 (dual nominative)
हस्ताः (nominative plural)
हस्तासः1 (nominative plural)
हस्त (singular vocative)
हस्तौ (dual vocative)
हस्ता1 (dual vocative)
हस्ताः (plural vocative)
हस्तासः1 (plural vocative)
हस्तम् (accusative singular)
हस्तौ (accusative dual)
हस्ता1 (accusative dual)
हस्तान् (accusative plural)
हस्तेन (instrumental singular)
हस्ताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हस्तैः (instrumental plural)
हस्तेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
हस्ताय (dative singular)
हस्ताभ्याम् (dative dual)
हस्तेभ्यः (dative plural)
हस्तात् (ablative singular)
हस्ताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हस्तेभ्यः (ablative plural)
हस्तस्य (genitive singular)
हस्तयोः (dual genitive)
हस्तानाम् (genitive plural)
हस्ते (locative singular)
हस्तयोः (dual locative)
हस्तेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: اَتھٕ (athụ)

Khowar: ہوست (host)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: އަތް (at̊), އަތްތިލަ (at̊tila)

Sinhalese: අත (ata)

Prakrit: 𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣 (hattha)
Central Indo-Aryan:
Eastern Hindi:
Awadhi: हाँथ (hā̃th)
Western Hindi:
Hindustani:
Hindi: हाथ (hāth)
Urdu: ہاتھ (hāth)
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
Bengali–Assamese:
Early Assamese: হাথ (hatho)
Assamese: হাত (hat)
Old Bengali: হাথ (hātha)
Bengali: হাত (hat)
Chakma: 𑄦𑄖𑄴 (hāt)
Rohingya: hát
Sylheti: ꠀꠔ (at)
Bihari:
Bhojpuri: हाथ (hāth)
Maithili: हाथ (hāth)
Odia: ହାତ (hāta)
Insular Indo-Aryan:
Dhivehi: އަތް (at̊), އަތްތިލަ (at̊tila)
Sinhalese: අත (ata)
Northern Indo-Aryan:
Garhwali: हाथ (hāth)
Nepali: हात (hāt)
Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
Kachchi: હથ (hath)
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਹੱਥ (hattha)
Shahmukhi script: ہَتھّ (hathh)
Sindhi:
Arabic script: هَٿُ
Devanagari script: हथु
Southern Indo-Aryan:
Konkani:
Devanagari script: हात (hāt)
Kannada script: ಹಾತ್ (hāt)
Latin script: hat
Old Marathi:
Modi script: 𑘮𑘞 (hatha), 𑘮𑘰𑘘 (hāṭa), 𑘮𑘰𑘝 (hāta), 𑘮𑘰𑘞 (hātha)
Devanagari script: हथ (hatha), हाट (hāṭa), हात (hāta), हाथ (hātha)
Marathi: हात (hāt)
Western Indo-Aryan:
Old Gujarati: हाथ (hātha)
Gujarati: હાથ (hāth)
Malvi: हात (hāt)
Nimadi: हाथ (hāth)
Romani: vast

Pali: hattha
→ Khmer: ហត្ថ (hat)
→ Thai: หัตถ์

→ Hindi: हस्त (hast)

→ Kannada: ಹಸ್ತ (hasta)

→ Malay: hasta

Indonesian: hasta

→ Malayalam: ഹസ്തം (hastaṁ)

→ Old Javanese: hasta
Javanese: ꦲꦱ꧀ꦠ (asta)
→ Balinese: ᬳᬲ᭄ᬢ (asta, “hand”)

→ Old Marathi:

Modi script: 𑘮𑘭𑘿𑘝 (hasta)

Devanagari script: हस्त (hasta)

→ Tamil: அஸ்தம் (astam), அத்தம் (attam)

→ Telugu: హస్తము (hastamu)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes-der.
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas
Sanskrit हस्त (hasta)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes-.
Cognate with Old Persian 𐎭𐎿𐎫 (d-s-t /dasta/) (whence modern Persian دست (dast)), Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀 (zasta, “hand”), Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír, “hand”), Latin hir (“hand”).

etymon

(astronomy) the 11th (13th) lunar asterism (represented by a hand and containing five stars, identified by some with part of the constellation Corvus)


ओष्ठ

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háwštʰas (“lip”), from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *h₃éh₁os (“mouth”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬙𐬀(-𐬗𐬀) (aošta(-ca), “upper lip”), 𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬙𐬭𐬀 (aoštra, “two lips”), Proto-Slavic *ūstà (“lip, mouth”). See also आस् (ā́s, “mouth”).

cog

(botany) Coccinia grandis (to whose red fruits lips are commonly compared)


हरि

hári (romanization)
हरिः (nominative singular)
हरी (dual nominative)
हरयः (nominative plural)
हरे (singular vocative)
हरी (dual vocative)
हरयः (plural vocative)
हरिम् (accusative singular)
हरी (accusative dual)
हरीन् (accusative plural)
हरिणा (instrumental singular)
हर्या1 (instrumental singular)
हरिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हरिभिः (instrumental plural)
हरये (dative singular)
हरिभ्याम् (dative dual)
हरिभ्यः (dative plural)
हरेः (ablative singular)
हर्यः1 (ablative singular)
हरिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हरिभ्यः (ablative plural)
हरेः (genitive singular)
हर्यः1 (genitive singular)
हर्योः (dual genitive)
हरीणाम् (genitive plural)
हरौ (locative singular)
हरा1 (locative singular)
हर्योः (dual locative)
हरिषु (locative plural)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: hari (“lion”)
> Javanese: ꦲꦫꦶ (hari) (inherited)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰárHiṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰárHiš, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰólh₃-i-s, from *ǵʰelh₃-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 (zaⁱri), Persian زر (zar, “gold”). Related to हिरण्य (híraṇya).


हंस

haṃsá (romanization)
हंसः (nominative singular)
हंसौ (dual nominative)
हंसा1 (dual nominative)
हंसाः (nominative plural)
हंसासः1 (nominative plural)
हंस (singular vocative)
हंसौ (dual vocative)
हंसा1 (dual vocative)
हंसाः (plural vocative)
हंसासः1 (plural vocative)
हंसम् (accusative singular)
हंसौ (accusative dual)
हंसा1 (accusative dual)
हंसान् (accusative plural)
हंसेन (instrumental singular)
हंसाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हंसैः (instrumental plural)
हंसेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
हंसाय (dative singular)
हंसाभ्याम् (dative dual)
हंसेभ्यः (dative plural)
हंसात् (ablative singular)
हंसाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हंसेभ्यः (ablative plural)
हंसस्य (genitive singular)
हंसयोः (dual genitive)
हंसानाम् (genitive plural)
हंसे (locative singular)
हंसयोः (dual locative)
हंसेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: أنٛز (ạnz)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: হাঁহ (hãh)

Bengali: হাঁস (hãs)

Sylheti: ꠀꠃꠀ (áúa), ꠀꠁ (áí)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਹੰਸ (hans)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀳𑀁𑀲 (haṃsa)

Hindi: हाँस (hā̃s)

/ɦɐ.ɡm̩.sɐ́/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰansás (“goose”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns (“goose”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬁 (zā), Ancient Greek χήν (khḗn), Latin ānser, Latvian zoss, German Gans, Old Irish géiss, Russian гусь (gusʹ), Albanian gatë (“heron”), Old English gōs (whence English goose).

हंसाव्इव पततमा सुताँ उप ॥

Like wild geese, fly here to the soma-pressings.

a goose, gander, swan, flamingo (or other aquatic bird, considered as a bird of passage)

sometimes a mere poetical or mythical bird, said in Rigveda to be able to separate Soma from water, when these two fluids are mixed, and in later literature, milk from water when these two are mixed


हंस

/ɦɐ.ɡm̩.sɐ́/


हिरण्य

híraṇya (romanization)
हिरण्यम् (nominative singular)
हिरण्ये (dual nominative)
हिरण्यानि (nominative plural)
हिरण्या1 (nominative plural)
हिरण्य (singular vocative)
हिरण्ये (dual vocative)
हिरण्यानि (plural vocative)
हिरण्या1 (plural vocative)
हिरण्यम् (accusative singular)
हिरण्ये (accusative dual)
हिरण्यानि (accusative plural)
हिरण्या1 (accusative plural)
हिरण्येन (instrumental singular)
हिरण्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हिरण्यैः (instrumental plural)
हिरण्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
हिरण्याय (dative singular)
हिरण्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
हिरण्येभ्यः (dative plural)
हिरण्यात् (ablative singular)
हिरण्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हिरण्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
हिरण्यस्य (genitive singular)
हिरण्ययोः (dual genitive)
हिरण्यानाम् (genitive plural)
हिरण्ये (locative singular)
हिरण्ययोः (dual locative)
हिरण्येषु (locative plural)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀭𑀁𑀦 (hiraṃna)
Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀭𑀡𑁆𑀡 (hiraṇṇa)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀭𑀡𑁆𑀡 (hiraṇṇa)

Pali: hirañña
→ Khmer: ហិរញ្ញ (herañ)

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: රන් (ran)

Dhivehi: ރަން (ran̊)

desc

→ Tamil: ஹிரண்யம் (hiraṇyam), இரணியம் (iraṇiyam)

→ Bengali: হিরণ (hiron) (semi-learned)

[ɦí.ɾɐj̃.jɐ]

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-der.
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰr̥Hanyam
Sanskrit हिरण्य (hiraṇya)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰr̥Hanyam (“gold”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰl̥h₃-en-yo-m, from *ǵʰelh₃- (“yellow, golden”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬦𐬌𐬌𐬀 (zarańiia, “gold”), Old Persian 𐎭𐎼𐎴𐎹 (d-r-n-y /daraniya/, “gold”), Russian жёлтый (žóltyj, “yellow”), English gold and yellow. Also related to हरि (hári).


अजा

ajā (romanization)
अजा (nominative singular)
अजे (dual nominative)
अजाः (nominative plural)
अजे (singular vocative)
अजे (dual vocative)
अजाः (plural vocative)
अजाम् (accusative singular)
अजे (accusative dual)
अजाः (accusative plural)
अजया (instrumental singular)
अजाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अजाभिः (instrumental plural)
अजायै (dative singular)
अजाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अजाभ्यः (dative plural)
अजायाः (ablative singular)
अजाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अजाभ्यः (ablative plural)
अजायाः (genitive singular)
अजयोः (dual genitive)
अजानाम् (genitive plural)
अजायाम् (locative singular)
अजयोः (dual locative)
अजासु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ā-stem declension of अजा

Feminine form of अज (aja, “he-goat, driver”), from the root अज् (aj, “to drive”).


उद्र

udrá (romanization)
उद्रः (nominative singular)
उद्रौ (dual nominative)
उद्रा1 (dual nominative)
उद्राः (nominative plural)
उद्रासः1 (nominative plural)
उद्र (singular vocative)
उद्रौ (dual vocative)
उद्रा1 (dual vocative)
उद्राः (plural vocative)
उद्रासः1 (plural vocative)
उद्रम् (accusative singular)
उद्रौ (accusative dual)
उद्रा1 (accusative dual)
उद्रान् (accusative plural)
उद्रेण (instrumental singular)
उद्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उद्रैः (instrumental plural)
उद्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
उद्राय (dative singular)
उद्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
उद्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
उद्रात् (ablative singular)
उद्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उद्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उद्रस्य (genitive singular)
उद्रयोः (dual genitive)
उद्राणाम् (genitive plural)
उद्रे (locative singular)
उद्रयोः (dual locative)
उद्रेषु (locative plural)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: উদ (ud)

Bengali: উদ (ud)

desctree

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀉𑀤𑁆𑀤 (udda)
Hindustani:
Hindi: ऊद (ūd)
Urdu: اود (ūd)

→ Odia: ଉଦ୍ର (udra)

→ Telugu: ఉద్రము (udramu)

→ Hindi: उद्र (udra)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *udrás (“otter”), from Proto-Indo-European *udrós (“aquatic animal; otter”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬎𐬛𐬭𐬀 (udra), Latin lutra, Ancient Greek ὕδρος (húdros), Polish wydra, Russian вы́дра (výdra), Bulgarian ви́дра (vídra), Old English otor (whence English otter).

inh

अ॒न्य॒वा॒पो॒ ऽर्धमा॒साना॒म् ऋश्यो॑ म॒यूरः॑ सुप॒र्णस् ते ग॑न्धर्वाणा॑म् अ॒पाम् उ॒द्रो मा॒सां क॒श्यपो॑ रो॒हित् कु॑ण्डृ॒णाची॑ गो॒लत्ति॑का ते॑ ऽप्स॒रसां॑ मृ॒त्यवे॑ ऽसि॒तः ॥
anyavāpo ʼrdhámāsā́nām ṛ́śyo mayū́raḥ suparṇás té gandharvāṇām apā́m udró māsā́ṃ kaśyápo rohít kuṇḍṛṇā́cī goláttikā te ʼpsarásāṃ mṛtyáve ʼsitáḥ.

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Śukla-Yajurveda (Vājasenayi Saṃhitā) 24.37

The cuckoo belongs to the Half Months; antelope, peacock, eagle, these are the Gandharvas’; the otter belongs to the Months; the tortoise, doe-antelope, iguana, Golathikâ belong to the Apsaras; the black snake belongs to Death.


लघु

sa-adj

लघु • (laghú) stem (comparative लघीयस्, superlative लघिष्ठ)

laghú (romanization)
लघीयस् (comparative)
लघिष्ठ (superlative)
लघुः (nominative singular)
लघू (dual nominative)
लघवः (nominative plural)
लघो (singular vocative)
लघू (dual vocative)
लघवः (plural vocative)
लघुम् (accusative singular)
लघू (accusative dual)
लघून् (accusative plural)
लघुना (instrumental singular)
लघ्वा1 (instrumental singular)
लघुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
लघुभिः (instrumental plural)
लघवे (dative singular)
लघ्वे1 (dative singular)
लघुभ्याम् (dative dual)
लघुभ्यः (dative plural)
लघोः (ablative singular)
लघ्वः1 (ablative singular)
लघुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
लघुभ्यः (ablative plural)
लघोः (genitive singular)
लघ्वः1 (genitive singular)
लघ्वोः (dual genitive)
लघूनाम् (genitive plural)
लघौ (locative singular)
लघ्वोः (dual locative)
लघुषु (locative plural)
लघ्वी (nominative singular)
लघ्व्यौ (dual nominative)
लघ्वी1 (dual nominative)
लघ्व्यः (nominative plural)
लघ्वीः1 (nominative plural)
लघ्वि (singular vocative)
लघ्व्यौ (dual vocative)
लघ्वी1 (dual vocative)
लघ्व्यः (plural vocative)
लघ्वीः1 (plural vocative)
लघ्वीम् (accusative singular)
लघ्व्यौ (accusative dual)
लघ्वी1 (accusative dual)
लघ्वीः (accusative plural)
लघ्व्या (instrumental singular)
लघ्वीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
लघ्वीभिः (instrumental plural)
लघ्व्यै (dative singular)
लघ्वीभ्याम् (dative dual)
लघ्वीभ्यः (dative plural)
लघ्व्याः (ablative singular)
लघ्व्यै2 (ablative singular)
लघ्वीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
लघ्वीभ्यः (ablative plural)
लघ्व्याः (genitive singular)
लघ्व्यै2 (genitive singular)
लघ्व्योः (dual genitive)
लघ्वीनाम् (genitive plural)
लघ्व्याम् (locative singular)
लघ्व्योः (dual locative)
लघ्वीषु (locative plural)
लघु (nominative singular)
लघुनी (dual nominative)
लघूनि (nominative plural)
लघु1 (nominative plural)
लघू1 (nominative plural)
लघु (singular vocative)
लघो (singular vocative)
लघुनी (dual vocative)
लघूनि (plural vocative)
लघु1 (plural vocative)
लघू1 (plural vocative)
लघु (accusative singular)
लघुनी (accusative dual)
लघूनि (accusative plural)
लघु1 (accusative plural)
लघू1 (accusative plural)
लघुना (instrumental singular)
लघ्वा1 (instrumental singular)
लघुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
लघुभिः (instrumental plural)
लघुने (dative singular)
लघवे1 (dative singular)
लघ्वे1 (dative singular)
लघुभ्याम् (dative dual)
लघुभ्यः (dative plural)
लघुनः (ablative singular)
लघोः1 (ablative singular)
लघ्वः1 (ablative singular)
लघुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
लघुभ्यः (ablative plural)
लघुनः (genitive singular)
लघोः1 (genitive singular)
लघ्वः1 (genitive singular)
लघुनोः (dual genitive)
लघूनाम् (genitive plural)
लघुनि (locative singular)
लघौ1 (locative singular)
लघुनोः (dual locative)
लघुषु (locative plural)

Pali: lahu

Prakrit: 𑀮𑀳𑀼 (lahu)

Old Gujarati: लहु (lahu)

→ Hindi: लघु (laghu) (learned)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hlagʰúṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hlagʰúš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁léngʰus. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐλαχύς (elakhús), Latin levis, English light.


लघु

laghú (romanization)
लघुः (nominative singular)
लघू (dual nominative)
लघवः (nominative plural)
लघो (singular vocative)
लघू (dual vocative)
लघवः (plural vocative)
लघुम् (accusative singular)
लघू (accusative dual)
लघूः (accusative plural)
लघ्वा (instrumental singular)
लघुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
लघुभिः (instrumental plural)
लघवे (dative singular)
लघ्वै1 (dative singular)
लघुभ्याम् (dative dual)
लघुभ्यः (dative plural)
लघोः (ablative singular)
लघ्वाः1 (ablative singular)
लघ्वै2 (ablative singular)
लघुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
लघुभ्यः (ablative plural)
लघोः (genitive singular)
लघ्वाः1 (genitive singular)
लघ्वै2 (genitive singular)
लघ्वोः (dual genitive)
लघूनाम् (genitive plural)
लघौ (locative singular)
लघ्वाम्1 (locative singular)
लघ्वोः (dual locative)
लघुषु (locative plural)


वृक

vṛ́ka (romanization)
वृकः (nominative singular)
वृकौ (dual nominative)
वृका1 (dual nominative)
वृकाः (nominative plural)
वृकासः1 (nominative plural)
वृक (singular vocative)
वृकौ (dual vocative)
वृका1 (dual vocative)
वृकाः (plural vocative)
वृकासः1 (plural vocative)
वृकम् (accusative singular)
वृकौ (accusative dual)
वृका1 (accusative dual)
वृकान् (accusative plural)
वृकेण (instrumental singular)
वृकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वृकैः (instrumental plural)
वृकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वृकाय (dative singular)
वृकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वृकेभ्यः (dative plural)
वृकात् (ablative singular)
वृकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वृकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वृकस्य (genitive singular)
वृकयोः (dual genitive)
वृकाणाम् (genitive plural)
वृके (locative singular)
वृकयोः (dual locative)
वृकेषु (locative plural)

Ashokan Prakrit:

Chakma: 𑄤𑄇𑄴 (wāk)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀬 (vaya)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀅 (vaa)

Gujarati: વરુ (varu)

Kachchi: વરુ (varu)

Dardic:

Shina: उरुक (uruk)

Pali: vaka

→ Hindi: वृक (vŕk)

→ Marathi: वृक (vŕk)

→ Telugu: వృకము (vr̥kamu)

→ Bengali: বৃক (brik)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wŕ̥kas (“wolf”), from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬆𐬵𐬭𐬐𐬀 (vəhrka), Old Persian 𐎺𐎼𐎣 (v-r-k /varka/) (whence Persian گرگ (gorg)), Latin lupus, Ancient Greek λύκος (lúkos), Lithuanian vilkas, Old Church Slavonic влькъ (vlĭkŭ), Old English ƿulf (whence English wolf). Native grammarians etymologize it as "the tearer" and connect it to root व्रश्च् (vraśc), whence वृक्ण (vṛkṇa).

मा वां॒ वृको॒ मा वृ॒कीरा द॑धर्षी॒न्मा परि॑ वर्क्तमु॒त माति॑ धक्तम् ।
अ॒यं वां॑ भा॒गो निहि॑त इ॒यं गीर्दस्रा॑वि॒मे वां॑ नि॒धयो॒ मधू॑नाम् ॥
mā́ vāṃ vṛ́ko mā́ vṛkī́rā́ dadharṣīnmā́ pári varktamutá mā́ti dhaktam.

Let not the wolf, let not the she-wolf harm you.
Forsake me not, nor pass me by or others.

ayáṃ vāṃ bhāgó níhita iyáṃ gī́rdásrāvimé vāṃ nidháyo mádhūnām.

यो न॑: पूषन्न॒घो वृको॑ दु॒:शेव॑ आ॒दिदे॑शति ।
अप॑ स्म॒ तं प॒थो ज॑हि ॥
yó na: pūṣannaghó vṛ́ko du:śéva ādídeśati.
ápa sma táṃ pathó jahi.

Drive, Pūṣan, from our road the wolf, the wicked inauspicious wolf,

Pinus palustris
Pinus palustris#Translingual

the resin of Pinus longifolia, now Pinus palustris


वृक

head

वृक • (Vṛ́ka) m


बिडाली

biḍālī (romanization)
बिडाली (nominative singular)
बिडाल्यौ (dual nominative)
बिडाल्यः (nominative plural)
बिडालि (singular vocative)
बिडाल्यौ (dual vocative)
बिडाल्यः (plural vocative)
बिडालीम् (accusative singular)
बिडाल्यौ (accusative dual)
बिडालीः (accusative plural)
बिडाल्या (instrumental singular)
बिडालीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बिडालीभिः (instrumental plural)
बिडाल्यै (dative singular)
बिडालीभ्याम् (dative dual)
बिडालीभ्यः (dative plural)
बिडाल्याः (ablative singular)
बिडालीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बिडालीभ्यः (ablative plural)
बिडाल्याः (genitive singular)
बिडाल्योः (dual genitive)
बिडालीनाम् (genitive plural)
बिडाल्याम् (locative singular)
बिडाल्योः (dual locative)
बिडालीषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ī-stem declension of बिडाली

बिडालीभ्याम्

बिडालीभ्याम्

बिडालीभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

बिडालीभ्याम्

बिडालीभ्याम्

बिडालीभ्याम्

a particular disease and the female demon presiding over it


मार्जार

mārjāra (romanization)
मार्जारः (nominative singular)
मार्जारौ (dual nominative)
मार्जारा1 (dual nominative)
मार्जाराः (nominative plural)
मार्जारासः1 (nominative plural)
मार्जार (singular vocative)
मार्जारौ (dual vocative)
मार्जारा1 (dual vocative)
मार्जाराः (plural vocative)
मार्जारासः1 (plural vocative)
मार्जारम् (accusative singular)
मार्जारौ (accusative dual)
मार्जारा1 (accusative dual)
मार्जारान् (accusative plural)
मार्जारेण (instrumental singular)
मार्जाराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मार्जारैः (instrumental plural)
मार्जारेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मार्जाराय (dative singular)
मार्जाराभ्याम् (dative dual)
मार्जारेभ्यः (dative plural)
मार्जारात् (ablative singular)
मार्जाराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मार्जारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मार्जारस्य (genitive singular)
मार्जारयोः (dual genitive)
मार्जाराणाम् (genitive plural)
मार्जारे (locative singular)
मार्जारयोः (dual locative)
मार्जारेषु (locative plural)

desctree

Pali: majjāra
→ Thai: มัชชาระ (mát-chaa-rá)

desc

Prakrit: 𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭 (maṃjāra), 𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀭 (maṃjara), 𑀫𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸𑀭 (majjāra) — Ardhamāgadhī, Jain Māhārāṣṭrī, Śaurasenī (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed terms

→ Marathi: मार्जार (mārjār)

→ Bengali: মার্জার (marjar)

→ Assamese: মাৰ্জাৰ (marzar)

/mɑːɾˈd͡ʑɑː.ɾɐ/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃merǵ-
Sanskrit मृज् (mṛj)?
Sanskrit मार्जार (mārjāra)
Unknown. Traditionally said to be from the root मृज् (mṛj, “to wipe”), but that is certainly a folk etymology.


वृश्चिक

vṛ́ścika (romanization)
वृश्चिकः (nominative singular)
वृश्चिकौ (dual nominative)
वृश्चिका1 (dual nominative)
वृश्चिकाः (nominative plural)
वृश्चिकासः1 (nominative plural)
वृश्चिक (singular vocative)
वृश्चिकौ (dual vocative)
वृश्चिका1 (dual vocative)
वृश्चिकाः (plural vocative)
वृश्चिकासः1 (plural vocative)
वृश्चिकम् (accusative singular)
वृश्चिकौ (accusative dual)
वृश्चिका1 (accusative dual)
वृश्चिकान् (accusative plural)
वृश्चिकेन (instrumental singular)
वृश्चिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वृश्चिकैः (instrumental plural)
वृश्चिकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वृश्चिकाय (dative singular)
वृश्चिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वृश्चिकेभ्यः (dative plural)
वृश्चिकात् (ablative singular)
वृश्चिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वृश्चिकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वृश्चिकस्य (genitive singular)
वृश्चिकयोः (dual genitive)
वृश्चिकानाम् (genitive plural)
वृश्चिके (locative singular)
वृश्चिकयोः (dual locative)
वृश्चिकेषु (locative plural)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: বিছা (bisa)

desc

Bengali: বিচ্ছু (bicchu), বিছে (biche), বিছা (bicha)

Sylheti: ꠛꠤꠍꠣ (bisá)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀼 (viccu), 𑀯𑀺𑀁𑀙𑀺𑀅 (viṃchia)

Old Marathi: विंचु (viṃcu)

Marathi: विंचू (viñcū)

Pali: vicchika

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀅 (vicchia), 𑀯𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀼𑀅 (vicchua)

Hindi: बिच्छू (bicchū)

→ Burmese: ဗြိစ္ဆာ (brichca)

→ Hindi: वृश्चिक (vŕścik)

→ Bengali: বৃশ্চিক (briścik)

→ Kannada: ವೃಶ್ಚಿಕ (vṛścika)

→ Khmer: វិច្ឆិកា (vicchekaa)

→ Old Marathi: विश्चिक (viścika)

→ Malayalam: വൃശ്ചികം (vr̥ścikaṁ)

→ Tamil: விருச்சிகம் (viruccikam)

→ Telugu: వృశ్చిక (vr̥ścika), వృశ్చికం (vr̥ścikaṁ), వృశ్చికము (vr̥ścikamu)

→ Thai: พิจิก (pí-jìk)

/ʋŕ̩ɕ.t͡ɕi.kɐ/

Probably from the root व्रश्च् (vraśc, “to cut”). The astrological sense is a semantic loan from Ancient Greek σκορπῐ́ος (skorpĭ́os).

sl

(astrology, astronomy) the zodiacal sign Scorpio


जय

jayá (romanization)
जयः (nominative singular)
जयौ (dual nominative)
जया1 (dual nominative)
जयाः (nominative plural)
जयासः1 (nominative plural)
जय (singular vocative)
जयौ (dual vocative)
जया1 (dual vocative)
जयाः (plural vocative)
जयासः1 (plural vocative)
जयम् (accusative singular)
जयौ (accusative dual)
जया1 (accusative dual)
जयान् (accusative plural)
जयेन (instrumental singular)
जयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जयैः (instrumental plural)
जयेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
जयाय (dative singular)
जयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जयेभ्यः (dative plural)
जयात् (ablative singular)
जयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जयेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जयस्य (genitive singular)
जययोः (dual genitive)
जयानाम् (genitive plural)
जये (locative singular)
जययोः (dual locative)
जयेषु (locative plural)

Bengali: জয় (joẏ)

→ Chinese: 闍耶 /阇耶

→ English: Jaya

Gujarati: જાય (jāya)

→ Hindi: जय (jay)

→ Kannada: ಜಯ (jaya)

→ Khmer: ជយោ (cĕəʼyoo)

→ Lao: ໄຊ (sai)

→ Lü: ᦺᦋ (tsay)

→ Madurese: jhâjâ

→ Malay: jaya

Indonesian: jaya

→ Malayalam: ജയാ (jayā)

Marathi: जय (jay)

Nepali: जय (jaya)

Odia: ଜୟ (jaya)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: jaya
Javanese: ꦗꦪ (jaya)
→ Balinese: ᬚᬬ (jaya)

Pali: jaya
→ Khmer: ជ័យ (cɨy)
→ Burmese: ဇေယျ (jeyya.)
→ Mon: ဇၞး
→ Thai: ชัย (chai), ชโย (chayo) ไชโย (chaiyo)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜੈ (jai)

Shahmukhi script: جے (jay)

→ Tamil: ஜெயா (jeyā), ஜெய (jeya)

→ Telugu: జయ (jaya), జయము (jayamu)

From the root जि (ji, “to win”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷey- (“to win, conquer”). Cognate with Ancient Greek βῐ́ᾱ (bĭ́ā).

inh

a yellow variety of Vigna mungo ( <= Phaseolus mungo)

Terminalia chebula
Terminalia chebula#Translingual


कृमि

kṛ́mi (romanization)
कृमिः (nominative singular)
कृमी (dual nominative)
कृमयः (nominative plural)
कृमे (singular vocative)
कृमी (dual vocative)
कृमयः (plural vocative)
कृमिम् (accusative singular)
कृमी (accusative dual)
कृमीन् (accusative plural)
कृमिणा (instrumental singular)
कृम्या1 (instrumental singular)
कृमिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कृमिभिः (instrumental plural)
कृमये (dative singular)
कृमिभ्याम् (dative dual)
कृमिभ्यः (dative plural)
कृमेः (ablative singular)
कृम्यः1 (ablative singular)
कृमिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कृमिभ्यः (ablative plural)
कृमेः (genitive singular)
कृम्यः1 (genitive singular)
कृम्योः (dual genitive)
कृमीणाम् (genitive plural)
कृमौ (locative singular)
कृमा1 (locative singular)
कृम्योः (dual locative)
कृमिषु (locative plural)

Pali: kimi

desc

Punjabi: ਕਿਰਮ (kiram, “worm, slug, maggot”)

Odia: କୃମି (krumi)

Bengali: ক্রিমি (krimi)

Bengali: কির্মি (kirmi)

Sinhalese: කිමියා (kimiyā)

→ Malayalam: കൃമി (kr̥mi)

→ Tamil: கிருமி (kirumi)

→ Telugu: క్రిమి (krimi)

→ Indonesian: keremi

>? Romani: kirmo, kermo

PIE word
 *kʷŕ̥mis
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *kŕ̥miṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kŕ̥miš, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷŕ̥mis (“worm”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *čьrvь (“worm”), Lithuanian kirmìs (“worm”), and Persian کرم (kerm, “worm”).

name of an Asura (brother of Rāvaṇa) (L.)


सर्पिणी

sarpiṇī (romanization)
सर्पिणी (nominative singular)
सर्पिण्यौ (dual nominative)
सर्पिण्यः (nominative plural)
सर्पिणि (singular vocative)
सर्पिण्यौ (dual vocative)
सर्पिण्यः (plural vocative)
सर्पिणीम् (accusative singular)
सर्पिण्यौ (accusative dual)
सर्पिणीः (accusative plural)
सर्पिण्या (instrumental singular)
सर्पिणीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सर्पिणीभिः (instrumental plural)
सर्पिण्यै (dative singular)
सर्पिणीभ्याम् (dative dual)
सर्पिणीभ्यः (dative plural)
सर्पिण्याः (ablative singular)
सर्पिणीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सर्पिणीभ्यः (ablative plural)
सर्पिण्याः (genitive singular)
सर्पिण्योः (dual genitive)
सर्पिणीनाम् (genitive plural)
सर्पिण्याम् (locative singular)
सर्पिण्योः (dual locative)
सर्पिणीषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ī-stem declension of सर्पिणी

सर्पिणीभ्याम्

सर्पिणीभ्याम्

सर्पिणीभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

सर्पिणीभ्याम्

सर्पिणीभ्याम्

सर्पिणीभ्याम्


मक्षिक

makṣika (romanization)
मक्षिकः (nominative singular)
मक्षिकौ (dual nominative)
मक्षिका1 (dual nominative)
मक्षिकाः (nominative plural)
मक्षिकासः1 (nominative plural)
मक्षिक (singular vocative)
मक्षिकौ (dual vocative)
मक्षिका1 (dual vocative)
मक्षिकाः (plural vocative)
मक्षिकासः1 (plural vocative)
मक्षिकम् (accusative singular)
मक्षिकौ (accusative dual)
मक्षिका1 (accusative dual)
मक्षिकान् (accusative plural)
मक्षिकेण (instrumental singular)
मक्षिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मक्षिकैः (instrumental plural)
मक्षिकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मक्षिकाय (dative singular)
मक्षिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मक्षिकेभ्यः (dative plural)
मक्षिकात् (ablative singular)
मक्षिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मक्षिकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मक्षिकस्य (genitive singular)
मक्षिकयोः (dual genitive)
मक्षिकाणाम् (genitive plural)
मक्षिके (locative singular)
मक्षिकयोः (dual locative)
मक्षिकेषु (locative plural)


वाट

vāṭa (romanization)
वाटः (nominative singular)
वाटौ (dual nominative)
वाटाः (nominative plural)
वाट (singular vocative)
वाटौ (dual vocative)
वाटाः (plural vocative)
वाटम् (accusative singular)
वाटौ (accusative dual)
वाटान् (accusative plural)
वाटेन (instrumental singular)
वाटाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वाटैः (instrumental plural)
वाटाय (dative singular)
वाटाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वाटेभ्यः (dative plural)
वाटात् (ablative singular)
वाटाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वाटेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वाटस्य (genitive singular)
वाटयोः (dual genitive)
वाटानाम् (genitive plural)
वाटे (locative singular)
वाटयोः (dual locative)
वाटेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of वाट

A Prakritism from Early Eastern Prakrit, from *वार्त्र (vārtra, “any fenced or enclosed structure”), vriddhi of वृत (vṛta, “enclosed”).


मधुलिह्

mádhu-lih (romanization)
मधुलिट् (nominative singular)
मधुलिहौ (dual nominative)
मधुलिहा1 (dual nominative)
मधुलिहः (nominative plural)
मधुलिट् (singular vocative)
मधुलिहौ (dual vocative)
मधुलिहा1 (dual vocative)
मधुलिहः (plural vocative)
मधुलिहम् (accusative singular)
मधुलिहौ (accusative dual)
मधुलिहा1 (accusative dual)
मधुलिहः (accusative plural)
मधुलिहा (instrumental singular)
मधुलिड्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मधुलिड्भिः (instrumental plural)
मधुलिहे (dative singular)
मधुलिड्भ्याम् (dative dual)
मधुलिड्भ्यः (dative plural)
मधुलिहः (ablative singular)
मधुलिड्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
मधुलिड्भ्यः (ablative plural)
मधुलिहः (genitive singular)
मधुलिहोः (dual genitive)
मधुलिहाम् (genitive plural)
मधुलिहि (locative singular)
मधुलिहोः (dual locative)
मधुलिट्सु (locative plural)

From मधु (madhu, “honey”) + लिह् (lih, “licking”). Compare Ancient Greek μέλισσα (mélissa), sometimes said to be from μέλι (méli, “honey”) + the root of λείχω (leíkhō, “lick”).

af

(at the end of a compound) one who has licked the honey of


पुष्प

púṣpa (romanization)
पुष्पम् (nominative singular)
पुष्पे (dual nominative)
पुष्पाणि (nominative plural)
पुष्पा1 (nominative plural)
पुष्प (singular vocative)
पुष्पे (dual vocative)
पुष्पाणि (plural vocative)
पुष्पा1 (plural vocative)
पुष्पम् (accusative singular)
पुष्पे (accusative dual)
पुष्पाणि (accusative plural)
पुष्पा1 (accusative plural)
पुष्पेण (instrumental singular)
पुष्पाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पुष्पैः (instrumental plural)
पुष्पेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पुष्पाय (dative singular)
पुष्पाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पुष्पेभ्यः (dative plural)
पुष्पात् (ablative singular)
पुष्पाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पुष्पेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पुष्पस्य (genitive singular)
पुष्पयोः (dual genitive)
पुष्पाणाम् (genitive plural)
पुष्पे (locative singular)
पुष्पयोः (dual locative)
पुष्पेषु (locative plural)

Pali: puppha

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨 (puppha) (see there for further descendants)

→ Bengali: পুষ্প (puśpo)

→ Gujarati: પુષ્પ (puṣp)

→ Hindi: पुष्प (puṣp)

→ Indonesian: puspa

→ Malayalam: പുഷ്പം (puṣpaṁ)

→ Marathi: पुष्प (puṣpa)

→ Sundanese: ᮕᮥᮞ᮪ᮕ (puspa)

desc

→ Tamil: புட்பம் (puṭpam), புஷ்பம் (puṣpam)

⇒ Telugu: పుష్పము (puṣpamu)

→ Thai: บุษบา (bùt-sà-baa)


श्वन्

śván (romanization)
शुनी (feminine)
श्वा (nominative singular)
श्वानौ (dual nominative)
श्वाना1 (dual nominative)
श्वानः (nominative plural)
श्वन् (singular vocative)
श्वानौ (dual vocative)
श्वाना1 (dual vocative)
श्वानः (plural vocative)
श्वानम् (accusative singular)
श्वानौ (accusative dual)
श्वाना1 (accusative dual)
शुनः (accusative plural)
शुना (instrumental singular)
श्वभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्वभिः (instrumental plural)
शुने (dative singular)
श्वभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्वभ्यः (dative plural)
शुनः (ablative singular)
श्वभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्वभ्यः (ablative plural)
शुनः (genitive singular)
शुनोः (dual genitive)
शुनाम् (genitive plural)
शुनि (locative singular)
शुनोः (dual locative)
श्वसु (locative plural)
शुनी (nominative singular)
शुन्यौ (dual nominative)
शुनी1 (dual nominative)
शुन्यः (nominative plural)
शुनीः1 (nominative plural)
शुनि (singular vocative)
शुन्यौ (dual vocative)
शुनी1 (dual vocative)
शुन्यः (plural vocative)
शुनीः1 (plural vocative)
शुनीम् (accusative singular)
शुन्यौ (accusative dual)
शुनी1 (accusative dual)
शुनीः (accusative plural)
शुन्या (instrumental singular)
शुनीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शुनीभिः (instrumental plural)
शुन्यै (dative singular)
शुनीभ्याम् (dative dual)
शुनीभ्यः (dative plural)
शुन्याः (ablative singular)
शुन्यै2 (ablative singular)
शुनीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शुनीभ्यः (ablative plural)
शुन्याः (genitive singular)
शुन्यै2 (genitive singular)
शुन्योः (dual genitive)
शुनीनाम् (genitive plural)
शुन्याम् (locative singular)
शुन्योः (dual locative)
शुनीषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: šọ̃́a

Kashmiri:

Arabic script: ہوٗن (hūn)

Devanagari script: हून (hūn)

Shina: śun

Pali: sā, soṇa

→ Thai: โสณ (sǒo-ná-) (learned)

Prakrit:

Konkani: सूणें (sūṇẽ)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ (“dog”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κύων (kúōn, “dog”), Latin canis (“dog”), Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬥 (span, “dog”), Lithuanian šuo, Old Armenian շուն (šun), Old English hund (whence English hound).

ना॒वेव॑ नः पारयतं यु॒गेव॒ नभ्ये॑व न उप॒धीव॑ प्र॒धीव॑।
श्वाने॑व नो॒ अरि॑षण्या त॒नूनां॒ खृग॑लेव वि॒स्रसः॑ पातम॒स्मान्॥
nāvéva naḥ pārayataṃ yugéva nábhyeva na upadhī́va pradhī́va.

Bear us across the sea of life, like two vessels, or like the poles of a car, the axles, the spokes, the fellies of two wheels. Be like two dogs, warding off injury to our people, and, like two coats of mail, defend us from decay.

śvā́neva no áriṣaṇyā tanū́nāṃ khṛ́galeva visrásaḥ pātamasmā́n.

प्रतिघातेन सान्त्वस्य दारुणं संप्रवर्तते।
तच्छुनाम्इव गोपादे पण्डितैरुपलक्षितम्॥
pratighātena sāntvasya dāruṇaṃ saṃpravartate.
tacchunāmiva gopāde paṇḍitairupalakṣitam.
With the failure of appeasement, hostility ensues;
This is observed by the wise in a gopāda (brawl?) of dog-like men.

अयं श्वा भूतभव्येश भक्तो मां नित्यमेव ह।
स गच्छेत मया सार्धमानृशंस्या हि मे मतिः॥
ayaṃ śvā bhūtabhavyeśa bhakto māṃ nityameva ha.

O master of past and present, this dog has been constantly loyal to me like no other.
Let him go with me side by side, for the sake of my care (for his wellbeing).

sa gaccheta mayā sārdhamānṛśaṃsyā hi me matiḥ.


अगुरु

Compound of अ- (a-, “un-”) + गुरु (guru, “heavy”).

com+

(prosody) short as a short vowel alone or before a single consonant


विरा

virā (romanization)
विरा (nominative singular)
विरे (dual nominative)
विराः (nominative plural)
विरे (singular vocative)
विरे (dual vocative)
विराः (plural vocative)
विराम् (accusative singular)
विरे (accusative dual)
विराः (accusative plural)
विरया (instrumental singular)
विराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विराभिः (instrumental plural)
विरायै (dative singular)
विराभ्याम् (dative dual)
विराभ्यः (dative plural)
विरायाः (ablative singular)
विराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
विराभ्यः (ablative plural)
विरायाः (genitive singular)
विरयोः (dual genitive)
विराणाम् (genitive plural)
विरायाम् (locative singular)
विरयोः (dual locative)
विरासु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ā-stem declension of विरा

(botany) name of various plants and drugs (Flacourtia jangomas, Ipomoea cheirophylla, Gmelina arborea etc.)


अङ्गार

sa-noun

अङ्गा॑र • (áṅgāra) stem, m

अङ्गा॑र (canonical)
áṅgāra (romanization)
अङ्गारः (nominative singular)
अङ्गारौ (dual nominative)
अङ्गारा1 (dual nominative)
अङ्गाराः (nominative plural)
अङ्गारासः1 (nominative plural)
अङ्गार (singular vocative)
अङ्गारौ (dual vocative)
अङ्गारा1 (dual vocative)
अङ्गाराः (plural vocative)
अङ्गारासः1 (plural vocative)
अङ्गारम् (accusative singular)
अङ्गारौ (accusative dual)
अङ्गारा1 (accusative dual)
अङ्गारान् (accusative plural)
अङ्गारेण (instrumental singular)
अङ्गाराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अङ्गारैः (instrumental plural)
अङ्गारेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अङ्गाराय (dative singular)
अङ्गाराभ्याम् (dative dual)
अङ्गारेभ्यः (dative plural)
अङ्गारात् (ablative singular)
अङ्गाराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अङ्गारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अङ्गारस्य (genitive singular)
अङ्गारयोः (dual genitive)
अङ्गाराणाम् (genitive plural)
अङ्गारे (locative singular)
अङ्गारयोः (dual locative)
अङ्गारेषु (locative plural)

Pali: aṅgāra

Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀕𑀸𑀭 (aṃgāra), 𑀅𑀁𑀕𑀸𑀮 (aṃgāla) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed terms

→ Bengali: অঙ্গার (oṅgar)

→ Burmese: အင်္ဂါ (angga)

desc

→ Khmer: អង្គារ (ʼɑɑʼɑngkiə)

→ Khmer: អង្គារ (ʼɑɑʼɑngkiə)

→ Lao: ອັງຄານ (ʼang khān)

→ Mongolian: Ангараг (Angarag)

→ Mon: အၚါ

desctree

→ Old Javanese: aṅgara
→ Balinese: ᬅᬗ᭄ᬕᬭ (Anggara)

→ Sinhalese: අඟහරු (aⁿgaharu)

desc

→ Shan: ဢင်ႇၵႃႇ (ʼàng kàa)

→ Shan: ဢင်ႇၵႃႇ (ʼàng kàa)

→ Shan: ဢင်းၵၼ်း (ʼáng kán)

→ Shan: ဢင်းၵၼ်း (ʼáng kán)

→ Telugu: అంగారము (aṅgāramu)

⇒ Telugu: అంగారకము (aṅgārakamu)

⇒ Telugu: అంగారకుడు (aṅgārakuḍu)

→ Thai: อังคาร (ang-kaan)

/ɐ́ŋ.ɡɑː.ɾɐ/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁engʷ-
Proto-Indo-European *-ōl
Proto-Indo-European *h₁óngʷl̥
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hángāras
Sanskrit अङ्गा॑र (áṅgāra)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hángāras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hángāras, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óngʷl̥. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic ѫгль (ǫglĭ), Lithuanian anglis, Old Armenian ածուղ (acuł).

etymon

अङ्गा॑र


आशु

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *HaHśúṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HaHćúš (“quick, fast, swift”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁oh₁-ḱú-s, from *HéHḱus (“quick”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬁𐬯𐬎 (āsu, “fast, quick”), Latin ocior (“id”), Ancient Greek ὠκύς (ōkús, “id”), Welsh diog (“lazy”, literally “not quick”).


अवि

ávi (romanization)
अविः (nominative singular)
अवी (dual nominative)
अवयः (nominative plural)
अवे (singular vocative)
अवी (dual vocative)
अवयः (plural vocative)
अविम् (accusative singular)
अवी (accusative dual)
अवीन् (accusative plural)
अविना (instrumental singular)
अव्या1 (instrumental singular)
अविभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अविभिः (instrumental plural)
अवये (dative singular)
अविभ्याम् (dative dual)
अविभ्यः (dative plural)
अवेः (ablative singular)
अव्यः1 (ablative singular)
अविभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अविभ्यः (ablative plural)
अवेः (genitive singular)
अव्यः1 (genitive singular)
अव्योः (dual genitive)
अवीनाम् (genitive plural)
अवौ (locative singular)
अवा1 (locative singular)
अव्योः (dual locative)
अविषु (locative plural)
अविः (nominative singular)
अवी (dual nominative)
अवयः (nominative plural)
अवे (singular vocative)
अवी (dual vocative)
अवयः (plural vocative)
अविम् (accusative singular)
अवी (accusative dual)
अवीः (accusative plural)
अव्या (instrumental singular)
अवी1 (instrumental singular)
अविभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अविभिः (instrumental plural)
अवये (dative singular)
अव्यै2 (dative singular)
अवी1 (dative singular)
अविभ्याम् (dative dual)
अविभ्यः (dative plural)
अवेः (ablative singular)
अव्याः2 (ablative singular)
अव्यै3 (ablative singular)
अविभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अविभ्यः (ablative plural)
अवेः (genitive singular)
अव्याः2 (genitive singular)
अव्यै3 (genitive singular)
अव्योः (dual genitive)
अवीनाम् (genitive plural)
अवौ (locative singular)
अव्याम्2 (locative singular)
अवा1 (locative singular)
अव्योः (dual locative)
अविषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háwiṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háwiš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ówis. Cognate with Latin ovis, Hittite 𒇻𒅖 (ḫāwis), and Old English eowu (whence English ewe).

sheep (mentioned with reference to its wool being used for the soma strainer)


अवि

ávi (romanization)
अविः (nominative singular)
अवी (dual nominative)
अवयः (nominative plural)
अवे (singular vocative)
अवी (dual vocative)
अवयः (plural vocative)
अविम् (accusative singular)
अवी (accusative dual)
अवीन् (accusative plural)
अविना (instrumental singular)
अव्या1 (instrumental singular)
अविभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अविभिः (instrumental plural)
अवये (dative singular)
अविभ्याम् (dative dual)
अविभ्यः (dative plural)
अवेः (ablative singular)
अव्यः1 (ablative singular)
अविभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अविभ्यः (ablative plural)
अवेः (genitive singular)
अव्यः1 (genitive singular)
अव्योः (dual genitive)
अवीनाम् (genitive plural)
अवौ (locative singular)
अवा1 (locative singular)
अव्योः (dual locative)
अविषु (locative plural)


नारङ्ग

nāraṅga (romanization)
नारङ्गः (nominative singular)
नारङ्गौ (dual nominative)
नारङ्गाः (nominative plural)
नारङ्ग (singular vocative)
नारङ्गौ (dual vocative)
नारङ्गाः (plural vocative)
नारङ्गम् (accusative singular)
नारङ्गौ (accusative dual)
नारङ्गान् (accusative plural)
नारङ्गेण (instrumental singular)
नारङ्गाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नारङ्गैः (instrumental plural)
नारङ्गाय (dative singular)
नारङ्गाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नारङ्गेभ्यः (dative plural)
नारङ्गात् (ablative singular)
नारङ्गाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नारङ्गेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नारङ्गस्य (genitive singular)
नारङ्गयोः (dual genitive)
नारङ्गाणाम् (genitive plural)
नारङ्गे (locative singular)
नारङ्गयोः (dual locative)
नारङ्गेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of नारङ्ग

नारङ्गाभ्याम्

नारङ्गाभ्याम्

नारङ्गाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

नारङ्गाभ्याम्

नारङ्गाभ्याम्

नारङ्गाभ्याम्

Gujarati: નારંગી (nāraṅgī)

Hindi: नारंगी (nāraṅgī)

Nepali: नारङ्गि (nāraṅgi)

Punjabi: ਨਾਰੰਗੀ (nāraṅgī)

Urdu: نارنگی (nāraṅgī)

desctree

→ Classical Persian: نَارَنْگْ (nārang)
→ Arabic: نَارَنْج (nāranj)
→⇒ Byzantine Greek: νεράντζιον (nerántzion), νεράντζιν (nerántzin), νεράντζι (nerántzi), νεράτζι (nerátzi), ἐράντζι (erántzi)
Greek: νεράντζι (nerántzi), νεράτζι (nerátzi)
Pontic Greek: νεράντζιν (nerántzin), αναράντζιν (anarántzin), ανάραντζιν (anárantzin), αναράντζ' (anarántz') — Trapezounta, αραράντζι (ararántzi), νεράντζι (nerántzi) — Oinoe
→ Laz: არანძი (aranżi), არარანცი (araranʒi) — Khopa, ანძი (anżi) — Vitse
→ Middle Armenian: նարանճ (naranč)
→ Classical Persian: نَارَنْج (nāranj)
→ Azerbaijani: narınc
→ Gujarati: નારંજ (nārañj)
→ Middle Armenian: նարինջ (narinǰ)
Armenian: նարինջ (narinǰ)
→ Portuguese: laranja
→ Spanish: naranja
→ Alcozauca Mixtec: láxa
→ Guaraní: narã
→ Italian: narancia
→ Hungarian: narancs
⇒ Italian: arancia
→ Old Occitan: auranja
Occitan: irange
→ Old French: orenge, orange
Middle French: orange, orenge
French: orange (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle English: orenge, arange, araunge, orange, orynge
English: orange
→ Esperanto: oranĝo
→ Japanese: オレンジ (orenji)
→ Kashubian: orendż (Canada, United States)
→ Korean: 오렌지 (orenji)
→ Makah: ʔo·linčas
→ Malay: oren
→ Marshallese: oran
Scots: orange, oranger
Norman: orange
→ Southeastern Tepehuan: naraankas
→ Tagalog: narangha
→ Tetelcingo Nahuatl: alöxöx
→ Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl: naranja
→ Ottoman Turkish: نارنج (narenc, narenç)
Turkish: narenc
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Latin script: nàrānča, nàrāndža
Cyrillic script: на̀ра̄нча, на̀ра̄нџа

Borrowed from Dravidian; compare Tamil நார்த்தங்காய் (nārttaṅkāy, “citron”) (itself a compound of நரந்தம் (narantam, “fragrance”) and காய் (kāy, “fruit”)), as well as Tamil நாரங்காய் (nāraṅkāy), Telugu నారంగము (nāraṅgamu), Malayalam നാരങ്ങ (nāraṅṅa), Kannada ನಾರಂಗಿ (nāraṅgi). Attested form ca. the 4th century (Sushruta Samhita).
Possibly derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer *lŋaam (“sweet”) (Shorto 2006, #1322, Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Bahnaric: *ʔŋaːm (Sidwell, 2011) and Proto-Khasian: *ŋiam (Sidwell, 2012).
Another alternate source is possible as derived from 'nāga-raṅga-' (coloured like lead-oxide) as seen in Monier Williams and Boehtlingk and Roth Greater Sanskrit Dictionary.

cog

நார்த்தங்காய்

Tamil நாரங்காய் (nāraṅkāy)