अश्व

áśva (romanization)
अश्वः (nominative singular)
अश्वौ (dual nominative)
अश्वा1 (dual nominative)
अश्वाः (nominative plural)
अश्वासः1 (nominative plural)
अश्व (singular vocative)
अश्वौ (dual vocative)
अश्वा1 (dual vocative)
अश्वाः (plural vocative)
अश्वासः1 (plural vocative)
अश्वम् (accusative singular)
अश्वौ (accusative dual)
अश्वा1 (accusative dual)
अश्वान् (accusative plural)
अश्वेन (instrumental singular)
अश्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अश्वैः (instrumental plural)
अश्वेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अश्वाय (dative singular)
अश्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अश्वेभ्यः (dative plural)
अश्वात् (ablative singular)
अश्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अश्वेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अश्वस्य (genitive singular)
अश्वयोः (dual genitive)
अश्वानाम् (genitive plural)
अश्वे (locative singular)
अश्वयोः (dual locative)
अश्वेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

desc

Shina: اَںشپوࣿ (ä̃špo)

Shina: اَںشپوࣿ (ä̃špo)

Kalasha: hãš

Bengali: অশ্ব (ośśo)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀆𑀲 (āsa)

Niya Prakrit: 𐨀𐨭𐨿𐨤 (aśpa)

Pali: assa

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (assa)

Marwari: अस (as)

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: අශ්වයා (aśwayā)

→ Bengali: অশ্ব (ośśo) (learned)

→ Hindi: अश्व (aśva) (learned)

→ Kannada: ಅಶ್ವ (aśva) (learned)

→ Marathi: अश्व (aśva) (learned)

→ Old Gujarati: अश्व (aśva) (learned)

→ Gujarati: અશ્વ (aśva) (learned)

→ Sinhalese: අශ්වය (aśwaya) (learned)

→ Indonesian: aswa

→ Lü: ᦁᦱᦌᦱ (ʼaasaa)

→ Malayalam: അശ്വം (aśvaṁ)

→ Telugu: అశ్వము (aśvamu)

→ Thai: อัศว (àt-sà-wá-)

→ Eastern Cham: ꨀꨔꨰꩍ

→ Western Cham: اسايه

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háśwas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćwas (“horse”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos (“horse”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬀 (aspa), Old Persian 𐎠𐎿 (a-s /asa/), Lithuanian ašva, Ancient Greek ἵππος (híppos) Latin equus, Old English eoh.


दण्ड

daṇḍá (romanization)
दण्डः (nominative singular)
दण्डौ (dual nominative)
दण्डा1 (dual nominative)
दण्डाः (nominative plural)
दण्डासः1 (nominative plural)
दण्ड (singular vocative)
दण्डौ (dual vocative)
दण्डा1 (dual vocative)
दण्डाः (plural vocative)
दण्डासः1 (plural vocative)
दण्डम् (accusative singular)
दण्डौ (accusative dual)
दण्डा1 (accusative dual)
दण्डान् (accusative plural)
दण्डेन (instrumental singular)
दण्डाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दण्डैः (instrumental plural)
दण्डेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दण्डाय (dative singular)
दण्डाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दण्डेभ्यः (dative plural)
दण्डात् (ablative singular)
दण्डाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दण्डेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दण्डस्य (genitive singular)
दण्डयोः (dual genitive)
दण्डानाम् (genitive plural)
दण्डे (locative singular)
दण्डयोः (dual locative)
दण्डेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Gawar-Bati: ڈݨڈ (ḍaṇḍ), ڈوݨڈیک (dōṇḍī́k), ڈیݨڈی (ḍḗṇḍī)

Kashmiri: دَن (dan), دۆنُ (donu), ڈَنڈُ (ḍanḍu)

Shina: دوݨ (do̯ṇŭ), ڈونی (ḍṓnī)

Shumashti: dä̃ṛä

Torwali: دن (dan)

Wotapuri-Katarqalai: ḍōn

→ Proto-Nuristani:

Ashkun: dōṇ

Kamkata-viri: duṇ, ḍun, ḍen

Prasuni: ḍuṇḍu, ḍuṇḍū́

Waigali: dūṇ, ḍūṇíṅ, deṇḍī́

Pali: daṇḍa, daṇḍaka

Prakrit: 𑀤𑀀𑀟 (dam̐ḍa), 𑀟𑀀𑀟𑀟𑀀𑀟𑀬 (ḍam̐ḍaḍam̐ḍaya)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Awadhi: डाँड़ (ḍā̃ṛ), डाँड़ु (ḍā̃ṛu), डाँड़ा (ḍā̃ṛā)

Gujarati: દાઁડો (dām̐ḍo), ડાઁડો (ḍām̐ḍo), દાઁડી (dām̐ḍī), ડાઁડી (ḍām̐ḍī)

Hindustani: dā̃ḍ, ḍā̃ḍ, ḍā̃ṛ, daṇḍā, ḍaṇḍā, ḍā̃ḍā, ḍā̃ṛā, ḍaṇḍī, ḍā̃ḍī

Hindi: दाँड, डाँड, डाँड़, दंडा, डंडा, डाँडा, डाँड़ा, डंडी, डाँडी

Urdu: دَاںڈ (dā̃ḍ), ڈَاںڈ (ḍā̃ḍ), ڈَاںڑ (ḍā̃ṛ), دَنڈَا, ڈَنڈَا, ڈَاںڈَا (ḍā̃ḍā), ڈَاںڑَا (ḍā̃ṛā), ڈَنڈِی (ḍanḍī), ڈَاںڈِی (ḍā̃ḍī)

Romani: ran

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: ডাঁৰ (dãr), ডাঁৰা (dãra), ডাঁৰি (dãri), ডঁৰ (dõr)

Bengali: ডান্ডা (ḍanḍa), দাঁড় (dãṛ), দাঁড়ি (dãṛi), ডাঁড় (ḍãṛ), ডাঁড়ি (ḍãṛi)

Bihari: डाँड़ (ḍā̃ṛ)

Bihari: डाँड़ (ḍā̃ṛ)

Bhojpuri: डाँड़ (ḍā̃ṛ)

Maithili: डाँड़ (ḍā̃ṛ), डाँड़ि (ḍā̃ṛɨ), डाँड़ब (ḍā̃ṛab)

Odia: ଡାଣ୍ଡ (ḍāṇḍa), ଡାଁଡ଼ (ḍā̃ṛa), ଦାଣ୍ଡି (dāṇḍi), ଦଣ୍ଡା (daṇḍā), ଦଣ୍ଡି (daṇḍi)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Garhwali: डाँड (ḍā̃ḍ)

Kumaoni: दान (dān), डान (ḍān), डाँड़ (ḍā̃ṛ), डानो (ḍāno), डानी (ḍānī), डाण (ḍāṇ)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: डाँण (ḍā̃ṇ), डाँणो (ḍā̃ṇo), डाँणि (ḍā̃ṇi)

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: डन्न (ḍann), डन्नो (ḍanno), डन्नी (ḍannī)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ދަނޑި (daⁿḍi)

Sinhalese: දණ්ඩ (daṇḍa)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: dāṇḍāro

Devanagari script: दांडारो (dāṇḍāro)

Latin script: dannddarô

Kannada script: ದಾಂಡಾರೊ

Marathi: दाँड (dŏṇḍa), दाँड (dŏṇḍa)

Western:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: dann, ḍann, ḍannā, ḍannī

Gurmukhi script: ਦੰਨ, ਡੰਨ, ਡੰਨਾ, ਡੰਨੀ

Shahmukhi script: دَنّ, ڈَنّ, ڈَنَّا, ڈَنِّی

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: ḍ̠anu, ḍ̠ano, ḍ̠anī, ḍ̠aṇḍu, ḍ̠aṇḍo

Arabic script: ڏَنُ, ڏَنو, ڏَنِي, ڏَڻڊُ, ڏَڻڊو

Devanagari script: ॾनु, ॾनो, ॾनी, ॾंडु, ॾंडो

→ Assamese: দণ্ড (dondo)

→ Bengali: দণ্ড (donḍo)

→ Burmese: ဒဏ် (dan)

→ Hindustani: daṇḍ

Hindi: दंड

Urdu: دَنڈ

→ Indonesian: denda

→ Khmer: ទណ្ឌ (tŏən)

→ Lao: ທັນ (than)

→ Malayalam: ദണ്ഡം (daṇḍaṁ)

→ Malay: denda

→ Pali: daṇḍa

→ Romani: rran

→ Sindhi: ڏَنڊُ, ड॒ण्डु

→ Sindhi: ڏَنڊُ, ड॒ण्डु

→ Tamil: தண்டம் (taṇṭam)

→ Telugu: దండము (daṇḍamu)

→ Thai: ทัณฑ์ (than)

→ Urdu:

Borrowed from substrate language. Kuiper argues for a loanword from Munda; compare Mundari ଦାଣ୍ଡି (dāṇḍi, “small stick”), Santali ᱫᱚᱬᱴᱚ (dôṇṭô, “thick stick, club”), ᱫᱚᱬᱴᱤᱴᱤᱛ (dôṇṭiṭit, “stem of mushrooms”), ᱫᱚᱬᱰᱤ (dôṇḍi, “stick, staff, stalk”). Likewise, Southworth suggests a Dravidian substratum, compare Malayalam തണ്ട് (taṇṭŭ, “stick, club”).
Alternatively, but less likely, a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”), whence दारु (dā́ru), and thus cognate with Ancient Greek δένδρον (déndron, “tree”), but both this and that Greek word are phonologically difficult to explain.


अश्वमेध

aśvamedhá (romanization)
अश्वमेधः (nominative singular)
अश्वमेधौ (dual nominative)
अश्वमेधा1 (dual nominative)
अश्वमेधाः (nominative plural)
अश्वमेधासः1 (nominative plural)
अश्वमेध (singular vocative)
अश्वमेधौ (dual vocative)
अश्वमेधा1 (dual vocative)
अश्वमेधाः (plural vocative)
अश्वमेधासः1 (plural vocative)
अश्वमेधम् (accusative singular)
अश्वमेधौ (accusative dual)
अश्वमेधा1 (accusative dual)
अश्वमेधान् (accusative plural)
अश्वमेधेन (instrumental singular)
अश्वमेधाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अश्वमेधैः (instrumental plural)
अश्वमेधेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अश्वमेधाय (dative singular)
अश्वमेधाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अश्वमेधेभ्यः (dative plural)
अश्वमेधात् (ablative singular)
अश्वमेधाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अश्वमेधेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अश्वमेधस्य (genitive singular)
अश्वमेधयोः (dual genitive)
अश्वमेधानाम् (genitive plural)
अश्वमेधे (locative singular)
अश्वमेधयोः (dual locative)
अश्वमेधेषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: अश्वमेध (aśvamedh)

→ Kannada: ಅಶ್ವಮೇಧ (aśvamēdha)

→ Old Marathi: 𑘀𑘫𑘿𑘪𑘦𑘹𑘠 (aśvamedha)

→ Marathi: अश्वमेध (aśvamedh)

→ Tamil: அசுவமேத (acuvamēta)

→ Telugu: అశ్వమేధము (aśvamēdhamu)

→ Tocharian B: aśvamet

/ɐɕ.ʋɐ.mɐj.dʱɐ́/

/ɐɕ.ʋɐ.meː.d̪ʱɐ/

/ɐ́ɕ.ʋɐ.mɐj.dʱɐ/

/ɐɕ.ʋɐ.meː.d̪ʱɐ/

An oxytonic tatpurusa compound of अश्व (áśva, “horse”) and मेध (médha, “animal sacrifice”). Possible cognate with Gaulish Epomeduos (“name of a festival and a deity”).

(Hinduism) horse sacrifice, the Ashvamedha ritual


आशु

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *HaHśúṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HaHćúš (“quick, fast, swift”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁oh₁-ḱú-s, from *HéHḱus (“quick”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬁𐬯𐬎 (āsu, “fast, quick”), Latin ocior (“id”), Ancient Greek ὠκύς (ōkús, “id”), Welsh diog (“lazy”, literally “not quick”).


घोटक

sa-noun

घोटक • (ghoṭaka) stem, m (feminine घोटकी or घोटिका)

ghoṭaka (romanization)
घोटकी (feminine)
घोटिका (feminine)
घोटकः (nominative singular)
घोटकौ (dual nominative)
घोटका1 (dual nominative)
घोटकाः (nominative plural)
घोटकासः1 (nominative plural)
घोटक (singular vocative)
घोटकौ (dual vocative)
घोटका1 (dual vocative)
घोटकाः (plural vocative)
घोटकासः1 (plural vocative)
घोटकम् (accusative singular)
घोटकौ (accusative dual)
घोटका1 (accusative dual)
घोटकान् (accusative plural)
घोटकेन (instrumental singular)
घोटकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
घोटकैः (instrumental plural)
घोटकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
घोटकाय (dative singular)
घोटकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
घोटकेभ्यः (dative plural)
घोटकात् (ablative singular)
घोटकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
घोटकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
घोटकस्य (genitive singular)
घोटकयोः (dual genitive)
घोटकानाम् (genitive plural)
घोटके (locative singular)
घोटकयोः (dual locative)
घोटकेषु (locative plural)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:

Fiji Hindi: ghorra

Magadhi Prakrit:

desctree

Early Assamese: ঘোড়া (ghöṛa)
Assamese: ঘোঁৰা (ghü̃ra)

Bengali: ঘোড়া (ghōṛa)

Odia: ଘୋଡ଼ା (ghoṛā)

Rohingya: gúra

Sylheti: ꠊꠥꠠꠣ (gúṛa)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: घोडो (ghoḍô)

Old Marathi: 𑘑𑘻𑘚𑘳 (ghoḍu)

Marathi: घोडा (ghoḍā)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀖𑁄𑀟𑀕 (ghoḍaga)

Gurjara Apabhramsa:

Old Gujarati:

Gujarati: ઘોડો (ghoḍo)

Marwari: घोड़ौ (ghoṛau)

Saurashtra: ꢕꣁꢞꣁ (ghoḍo)

Hindustani:

Hindi: घोड़ा (ghoṛā)

Urdu: گھوڑا (ghoṛā)

Nepali: घोडा (ghoḍā)

Punjabi: ਘੋੜਾ (ghoṛā) / گھوڑا (ghoṛā)

Romani: khuro

Sindhi: گهوڙو / घोड़ो (ghoṛo)

→ Old Javanese: kuda
> Javanese: ꦏꦸꦢ (kuda) (inherited)
>? Malay: kuda (see there for further descendants)

/ɡʱɐw.ʈɐ.kɐ/

/ɡʱoː.ʈɐ.kɐ/

A foreign borrowing; compare Proto-Dravidian *kut-ir-ay (“horse”), whence Tamil குதிரை (kutirai). However, due to the traditional lack of presence and utility of horses in South and Southeast Asia, ultimate origins from Dravidian and Munda are doubtful, and alternative, more western or northern sources of the borrowing have been considered.


स्वश्व

sváśva (romanization)
स्वश्वः (nominative singular)
स्वश्वौ (dual nominative)
स्वश्वाः (nominative plural)
स्वश्व (singular vocative)
स्वश्वौ (dual vocative)
स्वश्वाः (plural vocative)
स्वश्वम् (accusative singular)
स्वश्वौ (accusative dual)
स्वश्वान् (accusative plural)
स्वश्वेन (instrumental singular)
स्वश्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्वश्वैः (instrumental plural)
स्वश्वाय (dative singular)
स्वश्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्वश्वेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्वश्वात् (ablative singular)
स्वश्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्वश्वेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्वश्वस्य (genitive singular)
स्वश्वयोः (dual genitive)
स्वश्वानाम् (genitive plural)
स्वश्वे (locative singular)
स्वश्वयोः (dual locative)
स्वश्वेषु (locative plural)
स्वश्वा (nominative singular)
स्वश्वे (dual nominative)
स्वश्वाः (nominative plural)
स्वश्वे (singular vocative)
स्वश्वे (dual vocative)
स्वश्वाः (plural vocative)
स्वश्वाम् (accusative singular)
स्वश्वे (accusative dual)
स्वश्वाः (accusative plural)
स्वश्वया (instrumental singular)
स्वश्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्वश्वाभिः (instrumental plural)
स्वश्वायै (dative singular)
स्वश्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्वश्वाभ्यः (dative plural)
स्वश्वायाः (ablative singular)
स्वश्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्वश्वाभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्वश्वायाः (genitive singular)
स्वश्वयोः (dual genitive)
स्वश्वानाम् (genitive plural)
स्वश्वायाम् (locative singular)
स्वश्वयोः (dual locative)
स्वश्वासु (locative plural)
स्वश्वम् (nominative singular)
स्वश्वे (dual nominative)
स्वश्वानि (nominative plural)
स्वश्व (singular vocative)
स्वश्वे (dual vocative)
स्वश्वानि (plural vocative)
स्वश्वम् (accusative singular)
स्वश्वे (accusative dual)
स्वश्वानि (accusative plural)
स्वश्वेन (instrumental singular)
स्वश्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्वश्वैः (instrumental plural)
स्वश्वाय (dative singular)
स्वश्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्वश्वेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्वश्वात् (ablative singular)
स्वश्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्वश्वेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्वश्वस्य (genitive singular)
स्वश्वयोः (dual genitive)
स्वश्वानाम् (genitive plural)
स्वश्वे (locative singular)
स्वश्वयोः (dual locative)
स्वश्वेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of स्वश्व

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ā-stem declension of स्वश्व

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">स्वश्व</i>

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

स्वश्वाभ्याम्

PIE word
 *h₁éḱwos
सु- (su-) + अश्व (áśva).

RV 5.57.2c
वाशीमन्त रष्टिमन्तो मनीषिणः सुधन्वान इषुमन्तो निषङगिणः |
सवश्वा सथ सुरथाः पर्श्निमातरः सवायुधा मरुतो याथना शुभम ||
vāśīmanta ṛṣṭimanto manīṣiṇaḥ sudhanvāna iṣumanto niṣaṅghiṇaḥ |
svaśvā stha surathāḥ pṛśnimātaraḥ svāyudhā maruto yāthanā śubham ||
Armed with your daggers, full of wisdom, armed with spears, armed with your quivers, armed with arrows, with good bows,
Good horses and good cars have ye, O Prsni's Sons: ye, Maruts, with good weapons go to victory.

having excellent horses, well mounted, well yoked


हरित्

harít (romanization)
हरित् (nominative singular)
हरितौ (dual nominative)
हरिता1 (dual nominative)
हरितः (nominative plural)
हरित् (singular vocative)
हरितौ (dual vocative)
हरिता1 (dual vocative)
हरितः (plural vocative)
हरितम् (accusative singular)
हरितौ (accusative dual)
हरिता1 (accusative dual)
हरितः (accusative plural)
हरिता (instrumental singular)
हरिद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हरिद्भिः (instrumental plural)
हरिते (dative singular)
हरिद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
हरिद्भ्यः (dative plural)
हरितः (ablative singular)
हरिद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
हरिद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
हरितः (genitive singular)
हरितोः (dual genitive)
हरिताम् (genitive plural)
हरिति (locative singular)
हरितोः (dual locative)
हरित्सु (locative plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-
Proto-Indo-European *-is
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰárHiš
Sanskrit हरि (hari)
Sanskrit हरित् (harit)
From हरि (hári, “yellow, green”); see there for more.


रसभ

rasabha (romanization)
रसभः (nominative singular)
रसभौ (dual nominative)
रसभाः (nominative plural)
रसभ (singular vocative)
रसभौ (dual vocative)
रसभाः (plural vocative)
रसभम् (accusative singular)
रसभौ (accusative dual)
रसभान् (accusative plural)
रसभेन (instrumental singular)
रसभाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रसभैः (instrumental plural)
रसभाय (dative singular)
रसभाभ्याम् (dative dual)
रसभेभ्यः (dative plural)
रसभात् (ablative singular)
रसभाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रसभेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रसभस्य (genitive singular)
रसभयोः (dual genitive)
रसभानाम् (genitive plural)
रसभे (locative singular)
रसभयोः (dual locative)
रसभेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of रसभ


गन्धर्व

gandharvá (romanization)
गन्धर्वः (nominative singular)
गन्धर्वौ (dual nominative)
गन्धर्वा1 (dual nominative)
गन्धर्वाः (nominative plural)
गन्धर्वासः1 (nominative plural)
गन्धर्व (singular vocative)
गन्धर्वौ (dual vocative)
गन्धर्वा1 (dual vocative)
गन्धर्वाः (plural vocative)
गन्धर्वासः1 (plural vocative)
गन्धर्वम् (accusative singular)
गन्धर्वौ (accusative dual)
गन्धर्वा1 (accusative dual)
गन्धर्वान् (accusative plural)
गन्धर्वेण (instrumental singular)
गन्धर्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गन्धर्वैः (instrumental plural)
गन्धर्वेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गन्धर्वाय (dative singular)
गन्धर्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गन्धर्वेभ्यः (dative plural)
गन्धर्वात् (ablative singular)
गन्धर्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गन्धर्वेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गन्धर्वस्य (genitive singular)
गन्धर्वयोः (dual genitive)
गन्धर्वाणाम् (genitive plural)
गन्धर्वे (locative singular)
गन्धर्वयोः (dual locative)
गन्धर्वेषु (locative plural)

Pali: gandhabba

Prakrit: 𑀕𑀁𑀥𑀯𑁆𑀯 (gaṃdhavva)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: gandharwa
Javanese: ꦒꦤ꧀ꦢꦂꦮ (gandarwa)
→ Indonesian: gêndêruwo
→ Balinese: ᬕᬦ᭄ᬥᬃᬯ᭄ᬯ (gandarwa)

/ɡɐn.dʱɐɾ.ʋɐ́/

/ɡɐn̪.d̪ʱɐɾ.ʋɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *gandʰarwás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *g(ʰ)andʰarwás ~ *g(ʰ)andʰarbʰás, ultimately likely from a BMAC substrate. Cognate with Younger Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬧𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬡𐬀 (gaṇdər^əβa), 𐬔𐬀𐬧𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬡𐬀 (gaṇdar^əβa). Compare also Ancient Greek Κένταυρος (Kéntauros), to which it is often likened.


हय

háya (romanization)
हयः (nominative singular)
हयौ (dual nominative)
हया1 (dual nominative)
हयाः (nominative plural)
हयासः1 (nominative plural)
हय (singular vocative)
हयौ (dual vocative)
हया1 (dual vocative)
हयाः (plural vocative)
हयासः1 (plural vocative)
हयम् (accusative singular)
हयौ (accusative dual)
हया1 (accusative dual)
हयान् (accusative plural)
हयेन (instrumental singular)
हयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हयैः (instrumental plural)
हयेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
हयाय (dative singular)
हयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
हयेभ्यः (dative plural)
हयात् (ablative singular)
हयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हयेभ्यः (ablative plural)
हयस्य (genitive singular)
हययोः (dual genitive)
हयानाम् (genitive plural)
हये (locative singular)
हययोः (dual locative)
हयेषु (locative plural)

→ Tamil: ஹயம் (hayam), Tamil: அயம் (ayam)

→ Telugu: హయము (hayamu)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰáyas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰáyas, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyos (“horse”). Cognate with Old Armenian ձի (ji, “horse”).


घोट

desctree

⇒ Sanskrit: घोटक (ghoṭaka)
Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
Fiji Hindi: ghorra
Magadhi Prakrit:
Early Assamese: ঘোড়া (ghöṛa)
Assamese: ঘোঁৰা (ghü̃ra)
Bengali: ঘোড়া (ghōṛa)
Odia: ଘୋଡ଼ା (ghoṛā)
Rohingya: gúra
Sylheti: ꠊꠥꠠꠣ (gúṛa)
Maharastri Prakrit:
Konkani: घोडो (ghoḍô)
Old Marathi: 𑘑𑘻𑘚𑘳 (ghoḍu)
Marathi: घोडा (ghoḍā)
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀖𑁄𑀟𑀕 (ghoḍaga)
Gurjara Apabhramsa:
Old Gujarati:
Gujarati: ઘોડો (ghoḍo)
Marwari: घोड़ौ (ghoṛau)
Saurashtra: ꢕꣁꢞꣁ (ghoḍo)
Hindustani:
Hindi: घोड़ा (ghoṛā)
Urdu: گھوڑا (ghoṛā)
Nepali: घोडा (ghoḍā)
Punjabi: ਘੋੜਾ (ghoṛā) / گھوڑا (ghoṛā)
Romani: khuro
Sindhi: گهوڙو / घोड़ो (ghoṛo)
→ Old Javanese: kuda
> Javanese: ꦏꦸꦢ (kuda) (inherited)
>? Malay: kuda (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *kutiray (“horse”). Compare घुट् (ghuṭ).


गर्दभ

gardabhá (romanization)
गर्दभः (nominative singular)
गर्दभौ (dual nominative)
गर्दभा1 (dual nominative)
गर्दभाः (nominative plural)
गर्दभासः1 (nominative plural)
गर्दभ (singular vocative)
गर्दभौ (dual vocative)
गर्दभा1 (dual vocative)
गर्दभाः (plural vocative)
गर्दभासः1 (plural vocative)
गर्दभम् (accusative singular)
गर्दभौ (accusative dual)
गर्दभा1 (accusative dual)
गर्दभान् (accusative plural)
गर्दभेन (instrumental singular)
गर्दभाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गर्दभैः (instrumental plural)
गर्दभेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गर्दभाय (dative singular)
गर्दभाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गर्दभेभ्यः (dative plural)
गर्दभात् (ablative singular)
गर्दभाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गर्दभेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गर्दभस्य (genitive singular)
गर्दभयोः (dual genitive)
गर्दभानाम् (genitive plural)
गर्दभे (locative singular)
गर्दभयोः (dual locative)
गर्दभेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Khowar: گوردوغ (gordóġ)

Pali: gadrabha

Prakrit: 𑀕𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀳 (gaddaha) (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Bengali: গর্দভ (gordobh), গর্ধভ (gordhobh) (semi-learned)

→ Telugu: గర్దభము (gardabhamu)

desctree

→? Proto-Tocharian: *kercäpā
Tocharian B: kercapo

/ɡɐɾ.dɐ.bʱɐ́/

/ɡɐɾ.d̪ɐ.bʱɐ/

Of unclear origin.
Perhaps a derivation from the possibly onomatopoeic root गर्द् (gard, “to cry”), with a suffix formed by analogy to the one in ऋषभ (ṛṣabha, “bull”).
An alternative theory considers the word as a Dravidian borrowing, formed as *गर्द (garda) + an Indo-European animal suffix *भ (bha) as seen in ऋषभ (ṛṣabha) above; compare Tamil கழுதை (kaḻutai), Kuvi ଗା୕ଡ଼୍ଦେ (gāṛde), Duruwa [script needed] (garad). However, the formal mismatch between the Dravidian and Sanskrit forms, the Sanskrit word's Vedic status, the gratuitous attachment of a bound suffix of supposed Indo-European origin to a loaned word, and the fact that donkeys were well-known to steppe tribes (including the Indo-Iranians), casts doubt on this derivation.
Possibly related to Tocharian B kercapo (“donkey”), perhaps via a borrowing from Sanskrit to Tocharian, though further details are uncertain.

cog

Kuvi ଗା୕ଡ଼୍ଦେ (gāṛde)

ಗಾರ್ದಭ

गार्दभ (gārdabha, “of or relating to a donkey”)


रोहित

róhita (romanization)
रोहितः (nominative singular)
रोहितौ (dual nominative)
रोहिता1 (dual nominative)
रोहिताः (nominative plural)
रोहितासः1 (nominative plural)
रोहित (singular vocative)
रोहितौ (dual vocative)
रोहिता1 (dual vocative)
रोहिताः (plural vocative)
रोहितासः1 (plural vocative)
रोहितम् (accusative singular)
रोहितौ (accusative dual)
रोहिता1 (accusative dual)
रोहितान् (accusative plural)
रोहितेन (instrumental singular)
रोहिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रोहितैः (instrumental plural)
रोहितेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
रोहिताय (dative singular)
रोहिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
रोहितेभ्यः (dative plural)
रोहितात् (ablative singular)
रोहिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रोहितेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रोहितस्य (genitive singular)
रोहितयोः (dual genitive)
रोहितानाम् (genitive plural)
रोहिते (locative singular)
रोहितयोः (dual locative)
रोहितेषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀭𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀅 (rohia)

Assamese: ৰৌ (rou)

Bengali: রুই (rui)

Bhojpuri: रोहू (rōhū)

Gujarati: રોહુ (rohu)

Hindi: रोहू (rohū), रेहू (rehū)

Marathi: रोही (rohī)

Odia: ରୋହି (rohi), ରୋଇ (roi), ରୁଇ (rui)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਰੋਹੂ (rohū)

Shahmukhi script: رہو (rohū)

Sylheti: ꠞꠃ (rou)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hráwdʰitas (“red”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬙𐬀 (raoⁱδita), English red. Also related to लोहित (lóhita), लोह (lohá) and रुधिर (rudhira, “red”).


अश्वश्चन्द्र

sa-adj

अश्वश्चन्द्र • (áśvaścandra) stem

áśvaścandra (romanization)
अश्वश्चन्द्रः (nominative singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्रौ (dual nominative)
अश्वश्चन्द्रा1 (dual nominative)
अश्वश्चन्द्राः (nominative plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रासः1 (nominative plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्र (singular vocative)
अश्वश्चन्द्रौ (dual vocative)
अश्वश्चन्द्रा1 (dual vocative)
अश्वश्चन्द्राः (plural vocative)
अश्वश्चन्द्रासः1 (plural vocative)
अश्वश्चन्द्रम् (accusative singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्रौ (accusative dual)
अश्वश्चन्द्रा1 (accusative dual)
अश्वश्चन्द्रान् (accusative plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रेण (instrumental singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अश्वश्चन्द्रैः (instrumental plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्राय (dative singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
अश्वश्चन्द्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रात् (ablative singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अश्वश्चन्द्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रस्य (genitive singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्रयोः (dual genitive)
अश्वश्चन्द्राणाम् (genitive plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रे (locative singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्रयोः (dual locative)
अश्वश्चन्द्रेषु (locative plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रा (nominative singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्रे (dual nominative)
अश्वश्चन्द्राः (nominative plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रे (singular vocative)
अश्वश्चन्द्रे (dual vocative)
अश्वश्चन्द्राः (plural vocative)
अश्वश्चन्द्राम् (accusative singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्रे (accusative dual)
अश्वश्चन्द्राः (accusative plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रया (instrumental singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्रा1 (instrumental singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अश्वश्चन्द्राभिः (instrumental plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रायै (dative singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
अश्वश्चन्द्राभ्यः (dative plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रायाः (ablative singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्रायै2 (ablative singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अश्वश्चन्द्राभ्यः (ablative plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रायाः (genitive singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्रायै2 (genitive singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्रयोः (dual genitive)
अश्वश्चन्द्राणाम् (genitive plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रायाम् (locative singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्रयोः (dual locative)
अश्वश्चन्द्रासु (locative plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रम् (nominative singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्रे (dual nominative)
अश्वश्चन्द्राणि (nominative plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रा1 (nominative plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्र (singular vocative)
अश्वश्चन्द्रे (dual vocative)
अश्वश्चन्द्राणि (plural vocative)
अश्वश्चन्द्रा1 (plural vocative)
अश्वश्चन्द्रम् (accusative singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्रे (accusative dual)
अश्वश्चन्द्राणि (accusative plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रा1 (accusative plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रेण (instrumental singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अश्वश्चन्द्रैः (instrumental plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्राय (dative singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
अश्वश्चन्द्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रात् (ablative singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अश्वश्चन्द्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रस्य (genitive singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्रयोः (dual genitive)
अश्वश्चन्द्राणाम् (genitive plural)
अश्वश्चन्द्रे (locative singular)
अश्वश्चन्द्रयोः (dual locative)
अश्वश्चन्द्रेषु (locative plural)

/ɐ́ɕ.ʋɐɕ.t͡ɕɐn.dɾɐ/

/ɐɕ.ʋɐɕ.t͡ɕɐn̪.d̪ɾɐ/

/ɐɕ.ʋɐɕ.t͡ɕɐn.dɾɐ/

/ɐɕ.ʋɐɕ.t͡ɕɐn̪.d̪ɾɐ/

PIE word
 *h₁éḱwos
From अश्व (aśva) + श्चन्द्र (ścandra).

compound

अश्व (aśva) + श्चन्द्र (ścandra)


ह्वार्य

hvāryá (romanization)
ह्वार्यः (nominative singular)
ह्वार्यौ (dual nominative)
ह्वार्या1 (dual nominative)
ह्वार्याः (nominative plural)
ह्वार्यासः1 (nominative plural)
ह्वार्य (singular vocative)
ह्वार्यौ (dual vocative)
ह्वार्या1 (dual vocative)
ह्वार्याः (plural vocative)
ह्वार्यासः1 (plural vocative)
ह्वार्यम् (accusative singular)
ह्वार्यौ (accusative dual)
ह्वार्या1 (accusative dual)
ह्वार्यान् (accusative plural)
ह्वार्येण (instrumental singular)
ह्वार्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ह्वार्यैः (instrumental plural)
ह्वार्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ह्वार्याय (dative singular)
ह्वार्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
ह्वार्येभ्यः (dative plural)
ह्वार्यात् (ablative singular)
ह्वार्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ह्वार्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
ह्वार्यस्य (genitive singular)
ह्वार्ययोः (dual genitive)
ह्वार्याणाम् (genitive plural)
ह्वार्ये (locative singular)
ह्वार्ययोः (dual locative)
ह्वार्येषु (locative plural)

Vrddhi derivative of ह्वृ (hvṛ, “to deviate; be crooked or curved”) with a -य (-ya) extension; compare ह्वार (hvārá).

vrd-ya

c. 700 BCE – 500 BCE, Yāska, Naighaṇṭuka 1.14


अश्विन्

sa-adj

अश्विन् • (aśvín) stem

aśvín (romanization)
अश्वी (nominative singular)
अश्विनौ (dual nominative)
अश्विना1 (dual nominative)
अश्विनः (nominative plural)
अश्विन् (singular vocative)
अश्विनौ (dual vocative)
अश्विना1 (dual vocative)
अश्विनः (plural vocative)
अश्विनम् (accusative singular)
अश्विनौ (accusative dual)
अश्विना1 (accusative dual)
अश्विनः (accusative plural)
अश्विना (instrumental singular)
अश्विभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अश्विभिः (instrumental plural)
अश्विने (dative singular)
अश्विभ्याम् (dative dual)
अश्विभ्यः (dative plural)
अश्विनः (ablative singular)
अश्विभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अश्विभ्यः (ablative plural)
अश्विनः (genitive singular)
अश्विनोः (dual genitive)
अश्विनाम् (genitive plural)
अश्विनि (locative singular)
अश्विनोः (dual locative)
अश्विषु (locative plural)
अश्विनी (nominative singular)
अश्विन्यौ (dual nominative)
अश्विनी1 (dual nominative)
अश्विन्यः (nominative plural)
अश्विनीः1 (nominative plural)
अश्विनि (singular vocative)
अश्विन्यौ (dual vocative)
अश्विनी1 (dual vocative)
अश्विन्यः (plural vocative)
अश्विनीः1 (plural vocative)
अश्विनीम् (accusative singular)
अश्विन्यौ (accusative dual)
अश्विनी1 (accusative dual)
अश्विनीः (accusative plural)
अश्विन्या (instrumental singular)
अश्विनीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अश्विनीभिः (instrumental plural)
अश्विन्यै (dative singular)
अश्विनीभ्याम् (dative dual)
अश्विनीभ्यः (dative plural)
अश्विन्याः (ablative singular)
अश्विन्यै2 (ablative singular)
अश्विनीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अश्विनीभ्यः (ablative plural)
अश्विन्याः (genitive singular)
अश्विन्यै2 (genitive singular)
अश्विन्योः (dual genitive)
अश्विनीनाम् (genitive plural)
अश्विन्याम् (locative singular)
अश्विन्योः (dual locative)
अश्विनीषु (locative plural)
अश्वि (nominative singular)
अश्विनी (dual nominative)
अश्वीनि (nominative plural)
अश्वि (singular vocative)
अश्विन् (singular vocative)
अश्विनी (dual vocative)
अश्वीनि (plural vocative)
अश्वि (accusative singular)
अश्विनी (accusative dual)
अश्वीनि (accusative plural)
अश्विना (instrumental singular)
अश्विभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अश्विभिः (instrumental plural)
अश्विने (dative singular)
अश्विभ्याम् (dative dual)
अश्विभ्यः (dative plural)
अश्विनः (ablative singular)
अश्विभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अश्विभ्यः (ablative plural)
अश्विनः (genitive singular)
अश्विनोः (dual genitive)
अश्विनाम् (genitive plural)
अश्विनि (locative singular)
अश्विनोः (dual locative)
अश्विषु (locative plural)

From अश्व (áśva, “horse”) + -इन् (-in, “possessor”).

suffix

possessed of horses, consisting of horses (RV.)