अमृत

amṛ́ta (romanization)
अमृतः (nominative singular)
अमृतौ (dual nominative)
अमृता1 (dual nominative)
अमृताः (nominative plural)
अमृतासः1 (nominative plural)
अमृत (singular vocative)
अमृतौ (dual vocative)
अमृता1 (dual vocative)
अमृताः (plural vocative)
अमृतासः1 (plural vocative)
अमृतम् (accusative singular)
अमृतौ (accusative dual)
अमृता1 (accusative dual)
अमृतान् (accusative plural)
अमृतेन (instrumental singular)
अमृताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अमृतैः (instrumental plural)
अमृतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अमृताय (dative singular)
अमृताभ्याम् (dative dual)
अमृतेभ्यः (dative plural)
अमृतात् (ablative singular)
अमृताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अमृतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अमृतस्य (genitive singular)
अमृतयोः (dual genitive)
अमृतानाम् (genitive plural)
अमृते (locative singular)
अमृतयोः (dual locative)
अमृतेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *amŕ̥tas (“immortal”), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥mr̥tós (“immortal”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬨𐬆𐬱𐬀 (aməša, “immortal”), Ancient Greek ἄμβροτος (ámbrotos, “immortal”). Equivalent to अ- (a-) + मृत (mṛta).
The nouns derive fairly readily from the adjective.


खाद्य

khādya (romanization)
खाद्यम् (nominative singular)
खाद्ये (dual nominative)
खाद्यानि (nominative plural)
खाद्या1 (nominative plural)
खाद्य (singular vocative)
खाद्ये (dual vocative)
खाद्यानि (plural vocative)
खाद्या1 (plural vocative)
खाद्यम् (accusative singular)
खाद्ये (accusative dual)
खाद्यानि (accusative plural)
खाद्या1 (accusative plural)
खाद्येन (instrumental singular)
खाद्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
खाद्यैः (instrumental plural)
खाद्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
खाद्याय (dative singular)
खाद्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
खाद्येभ्यः (dative plural)
खाद्यात् (ablative singular)
खाद्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
खाद्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
खाद्यस्य (genitive singular)
खाद्ययोः (dual genitive)
खाद्यानाम् (genitive plural)
खाद्ये (locative singular)
खाद्ययोः (dual locative)
खाद्येषु (locative plural)

Pali: khajja

Prakrit: 𑀔𑀚𑁆𑀚 (khajja)

Assamese: খাজ (khaz)

Bengali: খাজা (khaja)

Bhadrawahi: खञ्जौँ (khañja͠u)

Bihari: खाजा (khājā)

Gujarati: ખાજ (khāj), ખાજું (khājũ)

Hindustani: khājā

Hindi: खाजा

Urdu: کھاجا

Kumaoni: खाजा (khājā), खाज (khāj̈)

Marathi: खाजें (khājẽ)

Nepali: खाजा (khājā)

Odia: ଖଜା (khajā)

Punjabi: khājjā

Gurmukhi script: ਖਾੱਜਾ (khājjā)

Shahmukhi script: کھاجّا (khājjā)

Sindhi: khāj̄u

Arabic script: کاڄُ

Devanagari script: खाॼु

→ Assamese: খাদ্য (khaiddo) (learned)

→ Bengali: খাদ্য (khaddo) (learned)

→ Gujarati: ખાદ્ય (khādya) (learned)

→ Hindi: खाद्य (khādya) (learned)

→ Kannada: ಖಾದ್ಯ (khādya) (learned)

→ Malayalam: ഖാദ്യം (khādyaṁ) (learned)

→ Marathi: खाद्य (khādya) (learned)

→ Sinhalese: ඛාද්ය (khādya) (learned)

→ Tamil: காத்தியம் (kāttiyam)

→ Telugu: ఖాద్య (khādya) (learned)

/ˈkʰɑːd̪.jɐ/

From the root खाद् (khād, “to chew, eat”) + -य (-ya). Literally, “that which is to be eaten”.

sa-root

food, victuals (MBh. ii., 98 Pañcat., Bhartṛ.)


खाद्य

khādya (romanization)
खाद्यः (nominative singular)
खाद्यौ (dual nominative)
खाद्या1 (dual nominative)
खाद्याः (nominative plural)
खाद्यासः1 (nominative plural)
खाद्य (singular vocative)
खाद्यौ (dual vocative)
खाद्या1 (dual vocative)
खाद्याः (plural vocative)
खाद्यासः1 (plural vocative)
खाद्यम् (accusative singular)
खाद्यौ (accusative dual)
खाद्या1 (accusative dual)
खाद्यान् (accusative plural)
खाद्येन (instrumental singular)
खाद्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
खाद्यैः (instrumental plural)
खाद्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
खाद्याय (dative singular)
खाद्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
खाद्येभ्यः (dative plural)
खाद्यात् (ablative singular)
खाद्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
खाद्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
खाद्यस्य (genitive singular)
खाद्ययोः (dual genitive)
खाद्यानाम् (genitive plural)
खाद्ये (locative singular)
खाद्ययोः (dual locative)
खाद्येषु (locative plural)

/ˈkʰɑːd̪.jɐ/

= खदिर (khadira), Senegalia catechu (Gal.)


हरि

hári (romanization)
हरिः (nominative singular)
हरी (dual nominative)
हरयः (nominative plural)
हरे (singular vocative)
हरी (dual vocative)
हरयः (plural vocative)
हरिम् (accusative singular)
हरी (accusative dual)
हरीन् (accusative plural)
हरिणा (instrumental singular)
हर्या1 (instrumental singular)
हरिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हरिभिः (instrumental plural)
हरये (dative singular)
हरिभ्याम् (dative dual)
हरिभ्यः (dative plural)
हरेः (ablative singular)
हर्यः1 (ablative singular)
हरिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हरिभ्यः (ablative plural)
हरेः (genitive singular)
हर्यः1 (genitive singular)
हर्योः (dual genitive)
हरीणाम् (genitive plural)
हरौ (locative singular)
हरा1 (locative singular)
हर्योः (dual locative)
हरिषु (locative plural)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: hari (“lion”)
> Javanese: ꦲꦫꦶ (hari) (inherited)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰárHiṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰárHiš, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰólh₃-i-s, from *ǵʰelh₃-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 (zaⁱri), Persian زر (zar, “gold”). Related to हिरण्य (híraṇya).


जय

jayá (romanization)
जयः (nominative singular)
जयौ (dual nominative)
जया1 (dual nominative)
जयाः (nominative plural)
जयासः1 (nominative plural)
जय (singular vocative)
जयौ (dual vocative)
जया1 (dual vocative)
जयाः (plural vocative)
जयासः1 (plural vocative)
जयम् (accusative singular)
जयौ (accusative dual)
जया1 (accusative dual)
जयान् (accusative plural)
जयेन (instrumental singular)
जयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जयैः (instrumental plural)
जयेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
जयाय (dative singular)
जयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जयेभ्यः (dative plural)
जयात् (ablative singular)
जयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जयेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जयस्य (genitive singular)
जययोः (dual genitive)
जयानाम् (genitive plural)
जये (locative singular)
जययोः (dual locative)
जयेषु (locative plural)

Bengali: জয় (joẏ)

→ Chinese: 闍耶 /阇耶

→ English: Jaya

Gujarati: જાય (jāya)

→ Hindi: जय (jay)

→ Kannada: ಜಯ (jaya)

→ Khmer: ជយោ (cĕəʼyoo)

→ Lao: ໄຊ (sai)

→ Lü: ᦺᦋ (tsay)

→ Madurese: jhâjâ

→ Malay: jaya

Indonesian: jaya

→ Malayalam: ജയാ (jayā)

Marathi: जय (jay)

Nepali: जय (jaya)

Odia: ଜୟ (jaya)

→ Old Javanese: jaya
Javanese: ꦗꦪ (jaya)
→ Balinese: ᬚᬬ (jaya)

Pali: jaya
→ Khmer: ជ័យ (cɨy)
→ Burmese: ဇေယျ (jeyya.)
→ Mon: ဇၞး
→ Thai: ชัย (chai), ชโย (chayo) ไชโย (chaiyo)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜੈ (jai)

Shahmukhi script: جے (jay)

→ Tamil: ஜெயா (jeyā), ஜெய (jeya)

→ Telugu: జయ (jaya), జయము (jayamu)

From the root जि (ji, “to win”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷey- (“to win, conquer”). Cognate with Ancient Greek βῐ́ᾱ (bĭ́ā).


कुञ्चिका

kuñcikā (romanization)
कुञ्चिका (nominative singular)
कुञ्चिके (dual nominative)
कुञ्चिकाः (nominative plural)
कुञ्चिके (singular vocative)
कुञ्चिके (dual vocative)
कुञ्चिकाः (plural vocative)
कुञ्चिकाम् (accusative singular)
कुञ्चिके (accusative dual)
कुञ्चिकाः (accusative plural)
कुञ्चिकया (instrumental singular)
कुञ्चिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कुञ्चिकाभिः (instrumental plural)
कुञ्चिकायै (dative singular)
कुञ्चिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कुञ्चिकाभ्यः (dative plural)
कुञ्चिकायाः (ablative singular)
कुञ्चिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कुञ्चिकाभ्यः (ablative plural)
कुञ्चिकायाः (genitive singular)
कुञ्चिकयोः (dual genitive)
कुञ्चिकानाम् (genitive plural)
कुञ्चिकायाम् (locative singular)
कुञ्चिकयोः (dual locative)
कुञ्चिकासु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ā-stem declension of कुञ्चिका

कुञ्चिकाभ्याम्

कुञ्चिकाभ्याम्

कुञ्चिकाभ्यः

कुञ्चिकाभ्याम्

कुञ्चिकाभ्यः

कुञ्चिकानाम्

कुञ्चिकायाम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

कुञ्चिकाभ्याम्

कुञ्चिकाभ्याम्

कुञ्चिकाभ्यः

कुञ्चिकाभ्याम्

कुञ्चिकाभ्यः

कुञ्चिकानाम्

कुञ्चिकायाम्

Dardic:

Kashmiri:

Devanagari script: कुंज़ (kuṃz)

Arabic script: کُنٛز (kunz)

Pali: kuñcikā

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀼𑀁𑀘𑀺𑀬𑀸 (kuṃciyā) (see there for further descendants)

→? Iranian:

Proto-Iranian: *kunčit (see there for further descendants)

→ Khmer: កុញ្ចែ (koñcae)

→ Lao: ກະແຈ (ka chǣ)

Of unclear origin. Perhaps from कुच् (kuc, “to bend, to draw together”), itself perhaps connected to Proto-Indo-European *kewk- (“to curve, bend”), whence German Höcker (“hump”).

inh

Trigonella foenum-graecum
Trigonella foenum-graecum#Translingual


माष

mā́ṣa (romanization)
माषः (nominative singular)
माषौ (dual nominative)
माषा1 (dual nominative)
माषाः (nominative plural)
माषासः1 (nominative plural)
माष (singular vocative)
माषौ (dual vocative)
माषा1 (dual vocative)
माषाः (plural vocative)
माषासः1 (plural vocative)
माषम् (accusative singular)
माषौ (accusative dual)
माषा1 (accusative dual)
माषान् (accusative plural)
माषेण (instrumental singular)
माषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
माषैः (instrumental plural)
माषेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
माषाय (dative singular)
माषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
माषेभ्यः (dative plural)
माषात् (ablative singular)
माषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
माषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
माषस्य (genitive singular)
माषयोः (dual genitive)
माषाणाम् (genitive plural)
माषे (locative singular)
माषयोः (dual locative)
माषेषु (locative plural)

Gandhari: 𐨨𐨮 (maṣa)

→ Middle Persian:

desctree

Persian: ماش (mâš)
Tajik: мош (moš)
→ Arabic: مَاش (māš)
→ Azerbaijani: maş
→ Georgian: მაშა (maša)
→ Karakalpak: мәш
→ Kazakh: мәш (mäş)
→? Russian: маш (maš)
→ Romanian: maș (Moldova)
→ Ukrainian: маш (maš)
→ Middle Armenian: մաշ (maš)
Armenian: մաշ (maš)
→ Ottoman Turkish: ماش (maş)
Turkish: maş
→ Uzbek: мош (mosh)

→ Khmer: មាស (miəh)

→ Thai: มาศ (mâat)

→ Malay: emas

Pali: māsa
→ Burmese: မတ် (mat) (cf. မတ်ပဲ (matpai:))

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Nepali: मास (mās)

Punjabi: ਮਾਸ਼ (māś)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *máša-; compare Persian ماش (mâš, “vetch, mung bean”) and Shughni мах̌ (max̌, “pea, bean”), as well as, outside of Indo-Iranian, Albanian modhull (“vetch”) and Romanian mazăre (“peas”). Said terms seem to go back to a Proto-Indo-European *meh₂ǵʰ- (“small bean”), though based on the "local vegetable" semantic category and irregular sound correspondences between the Indo-Iranian and European terms, the source word is likely to be ultimately of non-Indo-European substrate origin.


दृढबीज

dṛḍhabīja (romanization)
दृढबीजः (nominative singular)
दृढबीजौ (dual nominative)
दृढबीजा1 (dual nominative)
दृढबीजाः (nominative plural)
दृढबीजासः1 (nominative plural)
दृढबीज (singular vocative)
दृढबीजौ (dual vocative)
दृढबीजा1 (dual vocative)
दृढबीजाः (plural vocative)
दृढबीजासः1 (plural vocative)
दृढबीजम् (accusative singular)
दृढबीजौ (accusative dual)
दृढबीजा1 (accusative dual)
दृढबीजान् (accusative plural)
दृढबीजेन (instrumental singular)
दृढबीजाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दृढबीजैः (instrumental plural)
दृढबीजेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दृढबीजाय (dative singular)
दृढबीजाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दृढबीजेभ्यः (dative plural)
दृढबीजात् (ablative singular)
दृढबीजाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दृढबीजेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दृढबीजस्य (genitive singular)
दृढबीजयोः (dual genitive)
दृढबीजानाम् (genitive plural)
दृढबीजे (locative singular)
दृढबीजयोः (dual locative)
दृढबीजेषु (locative plural)

/d̪r̩.ɖʱɐˈbiː.d͡ʑɐ/

From दृढ (dṛḍha, “hard, strong”) + बीज (bīja, “seed”).

com

Vachellia nilotica
Vachellia nilotica#Translingual

gum arabic tree (Vachellia nilotica, syn. Acacia arabica)

Ziziphus jujuba
Ziziphus jujuba#Translingual

sickle senna (Senna tora, syn. Cassia tora)


मुद्ग

मु॒द्ग (canonical)
mudgá (romanization)
मुद्गः (nominative singular)
मुद्गौ (dual nominative)
मुद्गा1 (dual nominative)
मुद्गाः (nominative plural)
मुद्गासः1 (nominative plural)
मुद्ग (singular vocative)
मुद्गौ (dual vocative)
मुद्गा1 (dual vocative)
मुद्गाः (plural vocative)
मुद्गासः1 (plural vocative)
मुद्गम् (accusative singular)
मुद्गौ (accusative dual)
मुद्गा1 (accusative dual)
मुद्गान् (accusative plural)
मुद्गेन (instrumental singular)
मुद्गाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मुद्गैः (instrumental plural)
मुद्गेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मुद्गाय (dative singular)
मुद्गाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मुद्गेभ्यः (dative plural)
मुद्गात् (ablative singular)
मुद्गाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मुद्गेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मुद्गस्य (genitive singular)
मुद्गयोः (dual genitive)
मुद्गानाम् (genitive plural)
मुद्गे (locative singular)
मुद्गयोः (dual locative)
मुद्गेषु (locative plural)

Pali: mugga

Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀕𑁆𑀕 (mugga) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed terms

→ Hindi: मुद्ग (mudg) (learned)

Unknown.
* Petersson claims derivation from Proto-Indo-European via *muzgá, connecting this term and Sanskrit मुद्गर (mudgara, “hammer”) to Slavic, whence Old Czech možditi (“to smash”), Czech hmožditi, Russian можжи́ть (možžítʹ), мозжи́ть (mozžítʹ, “to beat, pound”), etc. ultimately a verbal derivation from Proto-Slavic *mozgь.
* Burrow agrees that *muzgá is the original form, but relates the term to Sanskrit मसूर (masūra, “lentil”) and derives both from Dravidian; cf. Tamil முதிரை (mutirai, “pulse”).
* The Uṇādisūtras (1.127) claim derivation from the root मुद् (mud, “rejoice, be happy”), but this is etymologically unjustified.
Compare मुद्गष्ठ (mudgaṣṭha, “kind of bean”), मुकुष्ठ (mukuṣṭha, “Vigna aconitifolia”), Prakrit *𑀫𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀭 (*maṭṭara, “Pisum sativum”).

etymon

मु॒द्ग

ncog

Russian можжи́ть (možžítʹ)

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Śukla-Yajurveda (Vājasenayi Saṃhitā)

Vigna radiata
Vigna radiata#Translingual


खदिरक

Central:

Hindustani: khairā

Hindi: खैरा

Urdu: کھَیرَا (khairā)

Eastern:

Bengali: খৈরা (khōira)

Odia: ଖଇରା (khairā)

Northwestern:

Punjabi: khairā

Gurmukhi script: ਖੈਰਾ

Shahmukhi script: کھَیرَا

Southern:

Dhivehi: ކައިރު (kairu), ކައިރި (kairi)

Marathi: खैरा (khairā)

Western:

Gujarati: ખેરો (khero)


चणक

/t͡ɕɐ.ɳɐ.kɐ/

/ˈt͡ɕɐ.ɳɐ.kɐ/


मुकुष्ठ

mukuṣṭha (romanization)
मुकुष्ठः (nominative singular)
मुकुष्ठौ (dual nominative)
मुकुष्ठा1 (dual nominative)
मुकुष्ठाः (nominative plural)
मुकुष्ठासः1 (nominative plural)
मुकुष्ठ (singular vocative)
मुकुष्ठौ (dual vocative)
मुकुष्ठा1 (dual vocative)
मुकुष्ठाः (plural vocative)
मुकुष्ठासः1 (plural vocative)
मुकुष्ठम् (accusative singular)
मुकुष्ठौ (accusative dual)
मुकुष्ठा1 (accusative dual)
मुकुष्ठान् (accusative plural)
मुकुष्ठेन (instrumental singular)
मुकुष्ठाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मुकुष्ठैः (instrumental plural)
मुकुष्ठेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मुकुष्ठाय (dative singular)
मुकुष्ठाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मुकुष्ठेभ्यः (dative plural)
मुकुष्ठात् (ablative singular)
मुकुष्ठाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मुकुष्ठेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मुकुष्ठस्य (genitive singular)
मुकुष्ठयोः (dual genitive)
मुकुष्ठानाम् (genitive plural)
मुकुष्ठे (locative singular)
मुकुष्ठयोः (dual locative)
मुकुष्ठेषु (locative plural)

Etymology tree
Prakrit *𑀫𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀞 (*mŏṭṭha)bor.
Sanskrit मुकुष्ठ (mukuṣṭha)
The variation in forms and lack of attestation in texts suggests Sanskritisation of a Prakrit *𑀫𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀞 (*mŏṭṭha), with ultimate etymology unknown; perhaps taken from a substrate language. Compare Prakrit *𑀫𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀭 (*maṭṭara, “pea”) ~ *𑀫𑀝𑁆𑀞 (*maṭṭha, “pea”), Sanskrit मु॒द्ग (mudgá, “mung bean”), Sanskrit मुकुल (mukula, “bud”) ~ मुद्गर (mudgara, “bud”).

etymon

Lexicographers, Various Works

a kind of bean, probably moth bean, Vigna aconitifolia