See хлеб in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for хлеб meaning in Russian (13.4kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "хлѣбъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "хлѣбъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xlěbъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xlěbъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hlaibaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "unknown"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ), from Proto-Slavic *xlěbъ, from Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz, of unknown origin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xleb",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́ба",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бы",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бов",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бный",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бушек",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бец",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́б",
"roman": "xléb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бы",
"roman": "xléby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́ба",
"roman": "xléba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бов",
"roman": "xlébov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бу",
"roman": "xlébu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бам",
"roman": "xlébam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́б",
"roman": "xléb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бы",
"roman": "xléby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бом",
"roman": "xlébom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бами",
"roman": "xlébami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бе",
"roman": "xlébe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бах",
"roman": "xlébax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adj": "хле́бный",
"dim": "хле́бушек",
"dim2": "хле́бец"
},
"expansion": "хлеб • (xleb) m inan (genitive хле́ба, nominative plural хле́бы, genitive plural хле́бов, relational adjective хле́бный, diminutive хле́бушек or хле́бец)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 26 31 13 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 26 31 13 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 30 28 11 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 21 25 15 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Breads",
"orig": "ru:Breads",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bread"
],
"id": "en-хлеб-ru-noun-mFYEwrYC",
"links": [
[
"bread",
"bread"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 34 26 9 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns ending in a consonant with plural -а",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 26 31 13 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 26 31 13 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 30 28 11 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 21 25 15 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Breads",
"orig": "ru:Breads",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"loaf"
],
"id": "en-хлеб-ru-noun-3AuojyCm",
"links": [
[
"loaf",
"loaf"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Saint-Petersburg"
],
"word": "бу́лка"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Saint Petersburg Russian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 26 49 1 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 13 66 2 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 26 31 13 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 26 31 13 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 30 28 11 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 21 25 15 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Breads",
"orig": "ru:Breads",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"black bread, rye bread"
],
"id": "en-хлеб-ru-noun-dzasEfQ-",
"links": [
[
"black",
"black"
],
[
"bread",
"bread"
],
[
"rye",
"rye"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Saint Petersburg) black bread, rye bread"
],
"tags": [
"Saint-Petersburg"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[xlʲep]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-хлеб.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/Ru-%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1.ogg/Ru-%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Ru-%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "xlěb",
"word": "хлѣбъ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
}
],
"word": "хлеб"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "列巴",
"3": "",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Mandarin: 列巴 (lièbā)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "大列巴"
},
"expansion": "大列巴 (dàlièbā)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Northeastern Mandarin"
},
"expansion": "(Northeastern Mandarin)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Mandarin: 列巴 (lièbā) > 大列巴 (dàlièbā) (Northeastern Mandarin)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dalieba",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: dalieba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: dalieba"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "дале́ба",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: дале́ба (daléba)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: дале́ба (daléba)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crp-rsn",
"2": "klæba",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russenorsk: klæba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russenorsk: klæba"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "хлѣбъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "хлѣбъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xlěbъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xlěbъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hlaibaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "unknown"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ), from Proto-Slavic *xlěbъ, from Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz, of unknown origin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xleb",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́ба",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "хлеба́",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хлебо́в",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бный",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́б",
"roman": "xléb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хлеба́",
"roman": "xlebá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"irregular",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́ба",
"roman": "xléba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хлебо́в",
"roman": "xlebóv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бу",
"roman": "xlébu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хлеба́м",
"roman": "xlebám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́б",
"roman": "xléb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хлеба́",
"roman": "xlebá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"irregular",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бом",
"roman": "xlébom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хлеба́ми",
"roman": "xlebámi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бе",
"roman": "xlébe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хлеба́х",
"roman": "xlebáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "",
"3": "(1)",
"adj": "хле́бный"
},
"expansion": "хлеб • (xleb) m inan (genitive хле́ба, nominative plural хлеба́, genitive plural хлебо́в, relational adjective хле́бный)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 26 31 13 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 26 31 13 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 30 28 11 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 21 25 15 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Breads",
"orig": "ru:Breads",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the grain sways in the wind",
"roman": "véter kolýšet xlebá",
"text": "ве́тер колы́шет хлеба́",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"grain"
],
"id": "en-хлеб-ru-noun-LCJAIXtk",
"links": [
[
"grain",
"grain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in the plural) grain"
],
"tags": [
"plural-normally"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 26 31 13 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 26 31 13 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 30 28 11 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 21 25 15 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Breads",
"orig": "ru:Breads",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "We used to make a living by selling apples.",
"roman": "Ranʹše my zarabatyvali na xleb, prodavaja jabloki.",
"text": "Раньше мы зарабатывали на хлеб, продавая яблоки.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "фотогра́фия — мой хлеб ― fotográfija — moj xleb ― photography is my living",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"food, subsistence, living (cf. breadwinner)"
],
"id": "en-хлеб-ru-noun-5N8RgdNf",
"links": [
[
"food",
"food"
],
[
"subsistence",
"subsistence"
],
[
"living",
"living"
],
[
"breadwinner",
"breadwinner"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) food, subsistence, living (cf. breadwinner)"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[xlʲep]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-хлеб.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/Ru-%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1.ogg/Ru-%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Ru-%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "xlěb",
"word": "хлѣбъ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
}
],
"word": "хлеб"
}
{
"categories": [
"Russian 1-syllable words",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-a nouns",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-c nouns",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns",
"Russian inanimate nouns",
"Russian irregular nouns",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Russian masculine nouns",
"Russian nouns",
"Russian nouns ending in a consonant with plural -а",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern c",
"Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural",
"Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Russian terms with audio links",
"Russian terms with redundant head parameter",
"Russian terms with unknown etymologies",
"ru:Breads",
"sh:Breads"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "хлѣбъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "хлѣбъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xlěbъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xlěbъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hlaibaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "unknown"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ), from Proto-Slavic *xlěbъ, from Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz, of unknown origin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xleb",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́ба",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бы",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бов",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бный",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бушек",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бец",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́б",
"roman": "xléb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бы",
"roman": "xléby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́ба",
"roman": "xléba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бов",
"roman": "xlébov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бу",
"roman": "xlébu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бам",
"roman": "xlébam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́б",
"roman": "xléb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бы",
"roman": "xléby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бом",
"roman": "xlébom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бами",
"roman": "xlébami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бе",
"roman": "xlébe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бах",
"roman": "xlébax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adj": "хле́бный",
"dim": "хле́бушек",
"dim2": "хле́бец"
},
"expansion": "хлеб • (xleb) m inan (genitive хле́ба, nominative plural хле́бы, genitive plural хле́бов, relational adjective хле́бный, diminutive хле́бушек or хле́бец)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bread"
],
"links": [
[
"bread",
"bread"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"loaf"
],
"links": [
[
"loaf",
"loaf"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Saint-Petersburg"
],
"word": "бу́лка"
}
],
"categories": [
"Saint Petersburg Russian"
],
"glosses": [
"black bread, rye bread"
],
"links": [
[
"black",
"black"
],
[
"bread",
"bread"
],
[
"rye",
"rye"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Saint Petersburg) black bread, rye bread"
],
"tags": [
"Saint-Petersburg"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[xlʲep]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-хлеб.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/Ru-%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1.ogg/Ru-%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Ru-%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "xlěb",
"word": "хлѣбъ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
}
],
"word": "хлеб"
}
{
"categories": [
"Russian 1-syllable words",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-a nouns",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-c nouns",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns",
"Russian inanimate nouns",
"Russian irregular nouns",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Russian masculine nouns",
"Russian nouns",
"Russian nouns ending in a consonant with plural -а",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern c",
"Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural",
"Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Russian terms with audio links",
"Russian terms with redundant head parameter",
"Russian terms with unknown etymologies",
"ru:Breads",
"sh:Breads"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "列巴",
"3": "",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Mandarin: 列巴 (lièbā)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "大列巴"
},
"expansion": "大列巴 (dàlièbā)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Northeastern Mandarin"
},
"expansion": "(Northeastern Mandarin)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Mandarin: 列巴 (lièbā) > 大列巴 (dàlièbā) (Northeastern Mandarin)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dalieba",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: dalieba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: dalieba"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "дале́ба",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: дале́ба (daléba)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: дале́ба (daléba)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crp-rsn",
"2": "klæba",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russenorsk: klæba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russenorsk: klæba"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "хлѣбъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "хлѣбъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xlěbъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xlěbъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hlaibaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "unknown"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ), from Proto-Slavic *xlěbъ, from Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz, of unknown origin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xleb",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́ба",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "хлеба́",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хлебо́в",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бный",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́б",
"roman": "xléb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хлеба́",
"roman": "xlebá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"irregular",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́ба",
"roman": "xléba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хлебо́в",
"roman": "xlebóv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бу",
"roman": "xlébu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хлеба́м",
"roman": "xlebám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́б",
"roman": "xléb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хлеба́",
"roman": "xlebá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"irregular",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бом",
"roman": "xlébom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хлеба́ми",
"roman": "xlebámi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бе",
"roman": "xlébe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хлеба́х",
"roman": "xlebáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "",
"3": "(1)",
"adj": "хле́бный"
},
"expansion": "хлеб • (xleb) m inan (genitive хле́ба, nominative plural хлеба́, genitive plural хлебо́в, relational adjective хле́бный)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Russian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the grain sways in the wind",
"roman": "véter kolýšet xlebá",
"text": "ве́тер колы́шет хлеба́",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"grain"
],
"links": [
[
"grain",
"grain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in the plural) grain"
],
"tags": [
"plural-normally"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Russian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "We used to make a living by selling apples.",
"roman": "Ranʹše my zarabatyvali na xleb, prodavaja jabloki.",
"text": "Раньше мы зарабатывали на хлеб, продавая яблоки.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "фотогра́фия — мой хлеб ― fotográfija — moj xleb ― photography is my living",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"food, subsistence, living (cf. breadwinner)"
],
"links": [
[
"food",
"food"
],
[
"subsistence",
"subsistence"
],
[
"living",
"living"
],
[
"breadwinner",
"breadwinner"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) food, subsistence, living (cf. breadwinner)"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[xlʲep]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-хлеб.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/Ru-%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1.ogg/Ru-%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Ru-%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "xlěb",
"word": "хлѣбъ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
}
],
"word": "хлеб"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (0b52755 and 5cb0836). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.