"тюфяк" meaning in Russian

See тюфяк in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [tʲʉˈfʲak]
Etymology: Borrowed from Tatar tüşäk (“mattress”); dialectally тюша́к (tjušák). Modern form probably influenced by тюфя́к (tjufják, “early type of firearm”) (see below). Etymology templates: {{glossary|loanword|Borrowed}} Borrowed, {{bor|ru|tt|tüşäk||mattress|g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Tatar tüşäk (“mattress”), {{bor+|ru|tt|tüşäk||mattress}} Borrowed from Tatar tüşäk (“mattress”), {{m|ru|тюша́к}} тюша́к (tjušák), {{m|ru|тюфя́к||early type of firearm}} тюфя́к (tjufják, “early type of firearm”) Head templates: {{ru-noun+|b|тюфя́к|a=ia}} тюфя́к • (tjufják) m inan or m anim (genitive тюфяка́, nominative plural тюфяки́, genitive plural тюфяко́в) Forms: тюфя́к [canonical], tjufják [romanization], тюфяка́ [genitive], тюфяки́ [nominative, plural], тюфяко́в [genitive, plural], тюфя́к [nominative, singular], тюфяки́ [nominative, plural], тюфяка́ [genitive, singular], тюфяко́в [genitive, plural], тюфяку́ [dative, singular], тюфяка́м [dative, plural], тюфяка́ [accusative, singular], тюфяко́в [accusative, plural], тюфя́к [accusative, singular], тюфяки́ [accusative, plural], тюфяко́м [instrumental, singular], тюфяка́ми [instrumental, plural], тюфяке́ [prepositional, singular], тюфяка́х [plural, prepositional]
  1. (inanimate) mattress; a sack filled with something soft (e.g. hay) to be used as a mattress Tags: inanimate
    Sense id: en-тюфяк-ru-noun-VxT2DdZ9 Categories (other): Russian nouns with multiple animacies Disambiguation of Russian nouns with multiple animacies: 24 28 30 17
  2. (figurative, colloquial, derogatory, animate) wimp, weakling, wuss, coward Tags: animate, colloquial, derogatory, figuratively
    Sense id: en-тюфяк-ru-noun-rlVZOKDl Categories (other): Russian nouns with multiple animacies Disambiguation of Russian nouns with multiple animacies: 24 28 30 17
  3. (engineering) mattress (retaining wall of brushwood, concrete, etc. to protect the river bed and banks of bridges and dams from erosion) Categories (topical): Engineering
    Sense id: en-тюфяк-ru-noun-o1Ja9zQy Categories (other): Russian links with redundant wikilinks, Russian nouns with multiple animacies Disambiguation of Russian links with redundant wikilinks: 5 6 39 30 20 Disambiguation of Russian nouns with multiple animacies: 24 28 30 17 Topics: engineering, natural-sciences, physical-sciences
  4. (dialectal, Siberia, animate) sandpiper Tags: animate, dialectal
    Sense id: en-тюфяк-ru-noun-XZ1xY-9W Categories (other): Russian nouns with multiple animacies Disambiguation of Russian nouns with multiple animacies: 24 28 30 17
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: матра́ц (matrác), матра́с (matrás) Derived forms: тюфячо́к (tjufjačók), тюфя́чный (tjufjáčnyj)
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: [tʲʉˈfʲak]
Etymology: Inherited from Old East Slavic тюфякъ (tjufjakŭ), from Old Turkic tüfäk (“tube, gun, crossbow”). Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|ru|orv|тюфякъ|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old East Slavic тюфякъ (tjufjakŭ), {{inh+|ru|orv|тюфякъ}} Inherited from Old East Slavic тюфякъ (tjufjakŭ), {{der|ru|otk|tüfäk||tube, gun, crossbow}} Old Turkic tüfäk (“tube, gun, crossbow”) Head templates: {{ru-noun+|b|тюфя́к}} тюфя́к • (tjufják) m inan (genitive тюфяка́, nominative plural тюфяки́, genitive plural тюфяко́в) Forms: тюфя́к [canonical], tjufják [romanization], тюфяка́ [genitive], тюфяки́ [nominative, plural], тюфяко́в [genitive, plural], тюфя́к [nominative, singular], тюфяки́ [nominative, plural], тюфяка́ [genitive, singular], тюфяко́в [genitive, plural], тюфяку́ [dative, singular], тюфяка́м [dative, plural], тюфя́к [accusative, singular], тюфяки́ [accusative, plural], тюфяко́м [instrumental, singular], тюфяка́ми [instrumental, plural], тюфяке́ [prepositional, singular], тюфяка́х [plural, prepositional]
  1. (dated) early type of firearm Tags: dated
    Sense id: en-тюфяк-ru-noun-QyYxpC93
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Download JSON data for тюфяк meaning in Russian (9.8kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "tjufjačók",
      "word": "тюфячо́к"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "tjufjáčnyj",
      "word": "тюфя́чный"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "tt",
        "3": "tüşäk",
        "4": "",
        "5": "mattress",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Tatar tüşäk (“mattress”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "tt",
        "3": "tüşäk",
        "4": "",
        "5": "mattress"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Tatar tüşäk (“mattress”)",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "тюша́к"
      },
      "expansion": "тюша́к (tjušák)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "тюфя́к",
        "3": "",
        "4": "early type of firearm"
      },
      "expansion": "тюфя́к (tjufják, “early type of firearm”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Tatar tüşäk (“mattress”); dialectally тюша́к (tjušák). Modern form probably influenced by тюфя́к (tjufják, “early type of firearm”) (see below).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "тюфя́к",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tjufják",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяка́",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяки́",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяко́в",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "velar-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфя́к",
      "roman": "tjufják",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяки́",
      "roman": "tjufjakí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяка́",
      "roman": "tjufjaká",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяко́в",
      "roman": "tjufjakóv",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяку́",
      "roman": "tjufjakú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяка́м",
      "roman": "tjufjakám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяка́",
      "roman": "tjufjaká",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяко́в",
      "roman": "tjufjakóv",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфя́к",
      "roman": "tjufják",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяки́",
      "roman": "tjufjakí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяко́м",
      "roman": "tjufjakóm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяка́ми",
      "roman": "tjufjakámi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяке́",
      "roman": "tjufjaké",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяка́х",
      "roman": "tjufjakáx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "b",
        "2": "тюфя́к",
        "a": "ia"
      },
      "expansion": "тюфя́к • (tjufják) m inan or m anim (genitive тюфяка́, nominative plural тюфяки́, genitive plural тюфяко́в)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "24 28 30 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with multiple animacies",
          "parents": [
            "Nouns with multiple animacies",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "mattress; a sack filled with something soft (e.g. hay) to be used as a mattress"
      ],
      "id": "en-тюфяк-ru-noun-VxT2DdZ9",
      "links": [
        [
          "mattress",
          "mattress"
        ],
        [
          "sack",
          "sack"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(inanimate) mattress; a sack filled with something soft (e.g. hay) to be used as a mattress"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "inanimate"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "24 28 30 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with multiple animacies",
          "parents": [
            "Nouns with multiple animacies",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "wimp, weakling, wuss, coward"
      ],
      "id": "en-тюфяк-ru-noun-rlVZOKDl",
      "links": [
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "wimp",
          "wimp"
        ],
        [
          "weakling",
          "weakling"
        ],
        [
          "wuss",
          "wuss"
        ],
        [
          "coward",
          "coward"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative, colloquial, derogatory, animate) wimp, weakling, wuss, coward"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "animate",
        "colloquial",
        "derogatory",
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Engineering",
          "orig": "ru:Engineering",
          "parents": [
            "Applied sciences",
            "Technology",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 6 39 30 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 28 30 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with multiple animacies",
          "parents": [
            "Nouns with multiple animacies",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "mattress (retaining wall of brushwood, concrete, etc. to protect the river bed and banks of bridges and dams from erosion)"
      ],
      "id": "en-тюфяк-ru-noun-o1Ja9zQy",
      "links": [
        [
          "engineering",
          "engineering#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "mattress",
          "mattress"
        ],
        [
          "retaining wall",
          "retaining wall#English"
        ],
        [
          "brushwood",
          "brushwood#English"
        ],
        [
          "concrete",
          "concrete#English"
        ],
        [
          "protect",
          "protect#English"
        ],
        [
          "river",
          "river#English"
        ],
        [
          "bed",
          "bed#English"
        ],
        [
          "bank",
          "bank#English"
        ],
        [
          "bridge",
          "bridge#English"
        ],
        [
          "dam",
          "dam#English"
        ],
        [
          "erosion",
          "erosion#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(engineering) mattress (retaining wall of brushwood, concrete, etc. to protect the river bed and banks of bridges and dams from erosion)"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "engineering",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "24 28 30 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with multiple animacies",
          "parents": [
            "Nouns with multiple animacies",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sandpiper"
      ],
      "id": "en-тюфяк-ru-noun-XZ1xY-9W",
      "links": [
        [
          "sandpiper",
          "sandpiper"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Siberia",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dialectal, Siberia, animate) sandpiper"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "animate",
        "dialectal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[tʲʉˈfʲak]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "matrác",
      "word": "матра́ц"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "matrás",
      "word": "матра́с"
    }
  ],
  "word": "тюфяк"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "тюфякъ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old East Slavic тюфякъ (tjufjakŭ)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "тюфякъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic тюфякъ (tjufjakŭ)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "otk",
        "3": "tüfäk",
        "4": "",
        "5": "tube, gun, crossbow"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Turkic tüfäk (“tube, gun, crossbow”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic тюфякъ (tjufjakŭ), from Old Turkic tüfäk (“tube, gun, crossbow”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "тюфя́к",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tjufják",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяка́",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяки́",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяко́в",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "velar-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфя́к",
      "roman": "tjufják",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяки́",
      "roman": "tjufjakí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяка́",
      "roman": "tjufjaká",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяко́в",
      "roman": "tjufjakóv",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяку́",
      "roman": "tjufjakú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяка́м",
      "roman": "tjufjakám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфя́к",
      "roman": "tjufják",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяки́",
      "roman": "tjufjakí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяко́м",
      "roman": "tjufjakóm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяка́ми",
      "roman": "tjufjakámi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяке́",
      "roman": "tjufjaké",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяка́х",
      "roman": "tjufjakáx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "b",
        "2": "тюфя́к"
      },
      "expansion": "тюфя́к • (tjufják) m inan (genitive тюфяка́, nominative plural тюфяки́, genitive plural тюфяко́в)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "early type of firearm"
      ],
      "id": "en-тюфяк-ru-noun-QyYxpC93",
      "links": [
        [
          "early",
          "early"
        ],
        [
          "firearm",
          "firearm"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dated) early type of firearm"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[tʲʉˈfʲak]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "ru:тюфяк (оружие)"
  ],
  "word": "тюфяк"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Russian 2-syllable words",
    "Russian animate nouns",
    "Russian inanimate nouns",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Russian masculine nouns",
    "Russian nouns",
    "Russian nouns with multiple animacies",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "tjufjačók",
      "word": "тюфячо́к"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tjufjáčnyj",
      "word": "тюфя́чный"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "tt",
        "3": "tüşäk",
        "4": "",
        "5": "mattress",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Tatar tüşäk (“mattress”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "tt",
        "3": "tüşäk",
        "4": "",
        "5": "mattress"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Tatar tüşäk (“mattress”)",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "тюша́к"
      },
      "expansion": "тюша́к (tjušák)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "тюфя́к",
        "3": "",
        "4": "early type of firearm"
      },
      "expansion": "тюфя́к (tjufják, “early type of firearm”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Tatar tüşäk (“mattress”); dialectally тюша́к (tjušák). Modern form probably influenced by тюфя́к (tjufják, “early type of firearm”) (see below).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "тюфя́к",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tjufják",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяка́",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяки́",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяко́в",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "velar-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфя́к",
      "roman": "tjufják",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяки́",
      "roman": "tjufjakí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяка́",
      "roman": "tjufjaká",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяко́в",
      "roman": "tjufjakóv",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяку́",
      "roman": "tjufjakú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяка́м",
      "roman": "tjufjakám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяка́",
      "roman": "tjufjaká",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяко́в",
      "roman": "tjufjakóv",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфя́к",
      "roman": "tjufják",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяки́",
      "roman": "tjufjakí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяко́м",
      "roman": "tjufjakóm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяка́ми",
      "roman": "tjufjakámi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяке́",
      "roman": "tjufjaké",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяка́х",
      "roman": "tjufjakáx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "b",
        "2": "тюфя́к",
        "a": "ia"
      },
      "expansion": "тюфя́к • (tjufják) m inan or m anim (genitive тюфяка́, nominative plural тюфяки́, genitive plural тюфяко́в)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "mattress; a sack filled with something soft (e.g. hay) to be used as a mattress"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mattress",
          "mattress"
        ],
        [
          "sack",
          "sack"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(inanimate) mattress; a sack filled with something soft (e.g. hay) to be used as a mattress"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "inanimate"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian colloquialisms",
        "Russian derogatory terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "wimp, weakling, wuss, coward"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "wimp",
          "wimp"
        ],
        [
          "weakling",
          "weakling"
        ],
        [
          "wuss",
          "wuss"
        ],
        [
          "coward",
          "coward"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative, colloquial, derogatory, animate) wimp, weakling, wuss, coward"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "animate",
        "colloquial",
        "derogatory",
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "ru:Engineering"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "mattress (retaining wall of brushwood, concrete, etc. to protect the river bed and banks of bridges and dams from erosion)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "engineering",
          "engineering#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "mattress",
          "mattress"
        ],
        [
          "retaining wall",
          "retaining wall#English"
        ],
        [
          "brushwood",
          "brushwood#English"
        ],
        [
          "concrete",
          "concrete#English"
        ],
        [
          "protect",
          "protect#English"
        ],
        [
          "river",
          "river#English"
        ],
        [
          "bed",
          "bed#English"
        ],
        [
          "bank",
          "bank#English"
        ],
        [
          "bridge",
          "bridge#English"
        ],
        [
          "dam",
          "dam#English"
        ],
        [
          "erosion",
          "erosion#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(engineering) mattress (retaining wall of brushwood, concrete, etc. to protect the river bed and banks of bridges and dams from erosion)"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "engineering",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian dialectal terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sandpiper"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sandpiper",
          "sandpiper"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Siberia",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dialectal, Siberia, animate) sandpiper"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "animate",
        "dialectal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[tʲʉˈfʲak]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "matrác",
      "word": "матра́ц"
    },
    {
      "roman": "matrás",
      "word": "матра́с"
    }
  ],
  "word": "тюфяк"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Russian 2-syllable words",
    "Russian inanimate nouns",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Russian masculine nouns",
    "Russian nouns",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "тюфякъ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old East Slavic тюфякъ (tjufjakŭ)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "тюфякъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic тюфякъ (tjufjakŭ)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "otk",
        "3": "tüfäk",
        "4": "",
        "5": "tube, gun, crossbow"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Turkic tüfäk (“tube, gun, crossbow”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic тюфякъ (tjufjakŭ), from Old Turkic tüfäk (“tube, gun, crossbow”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "тюфя́к",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tjufják",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяка́",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяки́",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяко́в",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "velar-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфя́к",
      "roman": "tjufják",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяки́",
      "roman": "tjufjakí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяка́",
      "roman": "tjufjaká",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяко́в",
      "roman": "tjufjakóv",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяку́",
      "roman": "tjufjakú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяка́м",
      "roman": "tjufjakám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфя́к",
      "roman": "tjufják",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяки́",
      "roman": "tjufjakí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяко́м",
      "roman": "tjufjakóm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяка́ми",
      "roman": "tjufjakámi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяке́",
      "roman": "tjufjaké",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "тюфяка́х",
      "roman": "tjufjakáx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "b",
        "2": "тюфя́к"
      },
      "expansion": "тюфя́к • (tjufják) m inan (genitive тюфяка́, nominative plural тюфяки́, genitive plural тюфяко́в)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian dated terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "early type of firearm"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "early",
          "early"
        ],
        [
          "firearm",
          "firearm"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dated) early type of firearm"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[tʲʉˈfʲak]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "ru:тюфяк (оружие)"
  ],
  "word": "тюфяк"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.