"перебирать" meaning in Russian

See перебирать in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: [pʲɪrʲɪbʲɪˈratʲ] Audio: Ru-перебирать.ogg
Etymology: пере- (pere-) + -бира́ть (-birátʹ) Etymology templates: {{af|ru|пере-|-бира́ть}} пере- (pere-) + -бира́ть (-birátʹ) Head templates: {{ru-verb|перебира́ть|impf|pf=перебра́ть}} перебира́ть • (perebirátʹ) impf (perfective перебра́ть) Inflection templates: {{ru-conj|impf|1a|перебира́ть}} Forms: перебира́ть [canonical], perebirátʹ [romanization], перебра́ть [perfective], imperfective transitive [table-tags], перебира́ть [imperfective, infinitive], перебира́ющий [active, participle, present], перебира́вший [active, participle, past], перебира́емый [participle, passive, present], - [participle, passive, past], перебира́я [adverbial, participle, present], перебира́в [adverbial, participle, past], перебира́вши [adverbial, participle, past], перебира́ю [first-person, present, singular], бу́ду перебира́ть [first-person, future, singular], перебира́ешь [present, second-person, singular], бу́дешь перебира́ть [future, second-person, singular], перебира́ет [present, singular, third-person], бу́дет перебира́ть [future, singular, third-person], перебира́ем [first-person, plural, present], бу́дем перебира́ть [first-person, future, plural], перебира́ете [plural, present, second-person], бу́дете перебира́ть [future, plural, second-person], перебира́ют [plural, present, third-person], бу́дут перебира́ть [future, plural, third-person], перебира́й [imperative, singular], перебира́йте [imperative, plural], перебира́л [masculine, past, singular], перебира́ли [masculine, past, plural], перебира́ла [feminine, past, singular], перебира́ли [feminine, past, plural], перебира́ло [neuter, past, singular], перебира́ли [neuter, past, plural]
  1. to sort out, to look through
    Sense id: en-перебирать-ru-verb-8n9TiQ4s Categories (other): Russian terms prefixed with пере- Disambiguation of Russian terms prefixed with пере-: 20 18 19 13 16 13
  2. to finger (strings of a string musical instrument)
    Sense id: en-перебирать-ru-verb-XYA30kDM Categories (other): Russian entries with incorrect language header, Russian terms prefixed with пере-, Russian terms suffixed with -бирать Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 6 38 9 8 24 14 Disambiguation of Russian terms prefixed with пере-: 20 18 19 13 16 13 Disambiguation of Russian terms suffixed with -бирать: 16 27 13 10 20 14
  3. to take in excess, to take too much
    Sense id: en-перебирать-ru-verb-0StG1I5Y Categories (other): Russian terms prefixed with пере- Disambiguation of Russian terms prefixed with пере-: 20 18 19 13 16 13
  4. to recall, to turn over in one's mind
    Sense id: en-перебирать-ru-verb-mIo1Xg6h Categories (other): Russian terms prefixed with пере- Disambiguation of Russian terms prefixed with пере-: 20 18 19 13 16 13
  5. to be picky, to be choosy
    Sense id: en-перебирать-ru-verb--gIzPCE4 Categories (other): Russian terms prefixed with пере- Disambiguation of Russian terms prefixed with пере-: 20 18 19 13 16 13
  6. to move (one's feet), to advance (slowly)
    Sense id: en-перебирать-ru-verb-RsF-ORMo Categories (other): Russian terms prefixed with пере- Disambiguation of Russian terms prefixed with пере-: 20 18 19 13 16 13
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: перебра́ться (perebrátʹsja) [imperfective], перебира́ться (perebirátʹsja) [perfective], перебо́р (perebór) [masculine]

Download JSON data for перебирать meaning in Russian (7.6kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "perebrátʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "перебра́ться"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "perebirátʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "перебира́ться"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "perebór",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "перебо́р"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "пере-",
        "3": "-бира́ть"
      },
      "expansion": "пере- (pere-) + -бира́ть (-birátʹ)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "пере- (pere-) + -бира́ть (-birátʹ)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "перебира́ть",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perebirátʹ",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебра́ть",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective transitive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1a imperfective transitive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́ть",
      "roman": "perebirátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́ющий",
      "roman": "perebirájuščij",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́вший",
      "roman": "perebirávšij",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́емый",
      "roman": "perebirájemyj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́я",
      "roman": "perebirája",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́в",
      "roman": "perebiráv",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́вши",
      "roman": "perebirávši",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́ю",
      "roman": "perebiráju",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́ду перебира́ть",
      "roman": "búdu perebirátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́ешь",
      "roman": "perebiráješʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дешь перебира́ть",
      "roman": "búdešʹ perebirátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́ет",
      "roman": "perebirájet",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дет перебира́ть",
      "roman": "búdet perebirátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́ем",
      "roman": "perebirájem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дем перебира́ть",
      "roman": "búdem perebirátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́ете",
      "roman": "perebirájete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дете перебира́ть",
      "roman": "búdete perebirátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́ют",
      "roman": "perebirájut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дут перебира́ть",
      "roman": "búdut perebirátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́й",
      "roman": "perebiráj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́йте",
      "roman": "perebirájte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́л",
      "roman": "perebirál",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́ли",
      "roman": "perebiráli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́ла",
      "roman": "perebirála",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́ли",
      "roman": "perebiráli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́ло",
      "roman": "perebirálo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́ли",
      "roman": "perebiráli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "перебира́ть",
        "2": "impf",
        "pf": "перебра́ть"
      },
      "expansion": "перебира́ть • (perebirátʹ) impf (perfective перебра́ть)",
      "name": "ru-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "1a",
        "3": "перебира́ть"
      },
      "name": "ru-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 18 19 13 16 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian terms prefixed with пере-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to sort out, to look through"
      ],
      "id": "en-перебирать-ru-verb-8n9TiQ4s",
      "links": [
        [
          "sort out",
          "sort out"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 38 9 8 24 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 18 19 13 16 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian terms prefixed with пере-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 27 13 10 20 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian terms suffixed with -бирать",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to finger (strings of a string musical instrument)"
      ],
      "id": "en-перебирать-ru-verb-XYA30kDM",
      "links": [
        [
          "finger",
          "finger"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 18 19 13 16 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian terms prefixed with пере-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to take in excess, to take too much"
      ],
      "id": "en-перебирать-ru-verb-0StG1I5Y",
      "links": [
        [
          "take",
          "take"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 18 19 13 16 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian terms prefixed with пере-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to recall, to turn over in one's mind"
      ],
      "id": "en-перебирать-ru-verb-mIo1Xg6h",
      "links": [
        [
          "recall",
          "recall"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 18 19 13 16 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian terms prefixed with пере-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be picky, to be choosy"
      ],
      "id": "en-перебирать-ru-verb--gIzPCE4"
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 18 19 13 16 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian terms prefixed with пере-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to drag one's feet",
          "roman": "perebirátʹ nogámi",
          "text": "перебира́ть нога́ми",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to move (one's feet), to advance (slowly)"
      ],
      "id": "en-перебирать-ru-verb-RsF-ORMo"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[pʲɪrʲɪbʲɪˈratʲ]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-перебирать.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/Ru-%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C.ogg/Ru-%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Ru-%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "перебирать"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Russian 4-syllable words",
    "Russian class 1 verbs",
    "Russian class 1a verbs",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian imperfective verbs",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian terms prefixed with пере-",
    "Russian terms suffixed with -бирать",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Russian terms with audio links",
    "Russian transitive verbs",
    "Russian verbs"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "perebrátʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "перебра́ться"
    },
    {
      "roman": "perebirátʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "перебира́ться"
    },
    {
      "roman": "perebór",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "перебо́р"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "пере-",
        "3": "-бира́ть"
      },
      "expansion": "пере- (pere-) + -бира́ть (-birátʹ)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "пере- (pere-) + -бира́ть (-birátʹ)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "перебира́ть",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perebirátʹ",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебра́ть",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective transitive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1a imperfective transitive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́ть",
      "roman": "perebirátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́ющий",
      "roman": "perebirájuščij",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́вший",
      "roman": "perebirávšij",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́емый",
      "roman": "perebirájemyj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́я",
      "roman": "perebirája",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́в",
      "roman": "perebiráv",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́вши",
      "roman": "perebirávši",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́ю",
      "roman": "perebiráju",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́ду перебира́ть",
      "roman": "búdu perebirátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́ешь",
      "roman": "perebiráješʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дешь перебира́ть",
      "roman": "búdešʹ perebirátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́ет",
      "roman": "perebirájet",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дет перебира́ть",
      "roman": "búdet perebirátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́ем",
      "roman": "perebirájem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дем перебира́ть",
      "roman": "búdem perebirátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́ете",
      "roman": "perebirájete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дете перебира́ть",
      "roman": "búdete perebirátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́ют",
      "roman": "perebirájut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дут перебира́ть",
      "roman": "búdut perebirátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́й",
      "roman": "perebiráj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́йте",
      "roman": "perebirájte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́л",
      "roman": "perebirál",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́ли",
      "roman": "perebiráli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́ла",
      "roman": "perebirála",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́ли",
      "roman": "perebiráli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́ло",
      "roman": "perebirálo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "перебира́ли",
      "roman": "perebiráli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "перебира́ть",
        "2": "impf",
        "pf": "перебра́ть"
      },
      "expansion": "перебира́ть • (perebirátʹ) impf (perfective перебра́ть)",
      "name": "ru-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "1a",
        "3": "перебира́ть"
      },
      "name": "ru-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to sort out, to look through"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sort out",
          "sort out"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to finger (strings of a string musical instrument)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "finger",
          "finger"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to take in excess, to take too much"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "take",
          "take"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to recall, to turn over in one's mind"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "recall",
          "recall"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to be picky, to be choosy"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to drag one's feet",
          "roman": "perebirátʹ nogámi",
          "text": "перебира́ть нога́ми",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to move (one's feet), to advance (slowly)"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[pʲɪrʲɪbʲɪˈratʲ]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-перебирать.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/Ru-%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C.ogg/Ru-%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Ru-%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "перебирать"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (82c8ff9 and f4967a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.