"овод" meaning in Russian

See овод in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [ˈovət] Audio: Ru-овод.ogg
Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ovadъ. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|ru|sla-pro|*ovadъ|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *ovadъ, {{inh+|ru|sla-pro|*ovadъ}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ovadъ Head templates: {{ru-noun+|c|о́вод|(1)|or|a=an}} о́вод • (óvod) m anim (genitive о́вода, nominative plural овода́ or о́воды, genitive plural оводо́в or о́водов) Forms: о́вод [canonical], óvod [romanization], о́вода [genitive], овода́ [nominative, plural], о́воды [nominative, plural], оводо́в [genitive, plural], о́водов [genitive, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], о́вод [nominative, singular], овода́ [irregular, nominative, plural], о́воды [nominative, plural], о́вода [genitive, singular], оводо́в [genitive, plural], о́водов [genitive, plural], о́воду [dative, singular], овода́м [dative, plural], о́водам [dative, plural], о́вода [accusative, singular], оводо́в [accusative, plural], о́водов [accusative, plural], о́водом [instrumental, singular], овода́ми [instrumental, plural], о́водами [instrumental, plural], о́воде [prepositional, singular], овода́х [plural, prepositional], о́водах [plural, prepositional]
  1. (zoology) gadfly, botfly (an insect of genus Oestrus)
    Sense id: en-овод-ru-noun-XNLo5WN6 Categories (other): Zoology, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Russian entries with incorrect language header, Russian nouns ending in a consonant with plural -а, Dipterans, Parasites Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 90 10 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 92 8 Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 45 55 Disambiguation of Russian nouns ending in a consonant with plural -а: 54 46 Disambiguation of Dipterans: 96 4 Disambiguation of Parasites: 71 29 Topics: biology, natural-sciences, zoology
  2. Ovod (Soviet and Russian cruise missile)
    Sense id: en-овод-ru-noun-8NSXW3Hx Categories (other): Russian entries with incorrect language header, Russian links with redundant alt parameters, Russian links with redundant wikilinks, Russian nouns ending in a consonant with plural -а, Russian nouns with accent pattern a, Russian nouns with accent pattern c, Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural, Russian nouns with multiple accent patterns, Russian nouns with multiple argument sets, Russian nouns with multiple declensions Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 45 55 Disambiguation of Russian links with redundant alt parameters: 31 69 Disambiguation of Russian links with redundant wikilinks: 41 59 Disambiguation of Russian nouns ending in a consonant with plural -а: 54 46 Disambiguation of Russian nouns with accent pattern a: 14 86 Disambiguation of Russian nouns with accent pattern c: 14 86 Disambiguation of Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural: 30 70 Disambiguation of Russian nouns with multiple accent patterns: 16 84 Disambiguation of Russian nouns with multiple argument sets: 16 84 Disambiguation of Russian nouns with multiple declensions: 40 60
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*ovadъ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *ovadъ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*ovadъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ovadъ",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ovadъ.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "о́вод",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "óvod",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́вода",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "овода́",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́воды",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "оводо́в",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́водов",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hard-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-c",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́вод",
      "roman": "óvod",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "овода́",
      "roman": "ovodá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "irregular",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́воды",
      "roman": "óvody",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́вода",
      "roman": "óvoda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "оводо́в",
      "roman": "ovodóv",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́водов",
      "roman": "óvodov",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́воду",
      "roman": "óvodu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "овода́м",
      "roman": "ovodám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́водам",
      "roman": "óvodam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́вода",
      "roman": "óvoda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "оводо́в",
      "roman": "ovodóv",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́водов",
      "roman": "óvodov",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́водом",
      "roman": "óvodom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "овода́ми",
      "roman": "ovodámi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́водами",
      "roman": "óvodami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́воде",
      "roman": "óvode",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "овода́х",
      "roman": "ovodáx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́водах",
      "roman": "óvodax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "c",
        "2": "о́вод",
        "3": "(1)",
        "4": "or",
        "a": "an"
      },
      "expansion": "о́вод • (óvod) m anim (genitive о́вода, nominative plural овода́ or о́воды, genitive plural оводо́в or о́водов)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Zoology",
          "orig": "ru:Zoology",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "90 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "92 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "45 55",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "54 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns ending in a consonant with plural -а",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "96 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Dipterans",
          "orig": "ru:Dipterans",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Parasites",
          "orig": "ru:Parasites",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              11,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              8,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "english": "\"I am your gladfly. My sting pricks your conscience and arouses you when you are caught napping. Sleep not, sleep not, people of Athens; awake and seek the truth!\"",
          "ref": "1891, Владимир Короленко, chapter I, in Тени (Фантазия); English translation from Thomas Seltzer, transl., The Shades, a Phantasy, 1907:",
          "roman": "«Ja tvoj óvod, ja bólʹno žálju tvojú sóvestʹ, štóby ty ne zasnúl. Ne spi, ne spi, bódrstvuj, iščí právdu, afínskij naród!»",
          "text": "«Я твой о́вод, я бо́льно жа́лю твою́ со́весть, что́бы ты не засну́л. Не спи, не спи, бо́дрствуй, ищи́ пра́вду, афи́нский наро́д!»",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              52,
              60
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              33,
              38
            ]
          ],
          "english": "The rain had quite stopped, it was scorching hot, a horsefly with satiny eyes settled on his sleeve.",
          "ref": "1937, Владимир Набоков [Vladimir Nabokov], “Глава вторая”, in Дар; English translation from Michael Scammell with the collaboration of the author, transl., The Gift, New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1963:",
          "roman": "Doždʹ sovsém perestál, pekló, óvod s šólkovymi glazámi sel na rukáv.",
          "text": "Дождь совсе́м переста́л, пекло́, о́вод с шёлковыми глаза́ми сел на рука́в.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "gadfly, botfly (an insect of genus Oestrus)"
      ],
      "id": "en-овод-ru-noun-XNLo5WN6",
      "links": [
        [
          "zoology",
          "zoology"
        ],
        [
          "gadfly",
          "gadfly"
        ],
        [
          "botfly",
          "botfly"
        ],
        [
          "Oestrus",
          "Oestrus#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(zoology) gadfly, botfly (an insect of genus Oestrus)"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences",
        "zoology"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "45 55",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 69",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 59",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "54 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns ending in a consonant with plural -а",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 86",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 86",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern c",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 70",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 84",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with multiple accent patterns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 84",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with multiple argument sets",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "40 60",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with multiple declensions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Ovod (Soviet and Russian cruise missile)"
      ],
      "id": "en-овод-ru-noun-8NSXW3Hx"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈovət]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-овод.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/Ru-%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4.ogg/Ru-%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Ru-%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "ru:овод"
  ],
  "word": "овод"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Russian 2-syllable words",
    "Russian animate nouns",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-a nouns",
    "Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-c nouns",
    "Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns",
    "Russian irregular nouns",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Russian masculine nouns",
    "Russian nouns",
    "Russian nouns ending in a consonant with plural -а",
    "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
    "Russian nouns with accent pattern c",
    "Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural",
    "Russian nouns with multiple accent patterns",
    "Russian nouns with multiple argument sets",
    "Russian nouns with multiple declensions",
    "Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "ru:Dipterans",
    "ru:Parasites"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*ovadъ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *ovadъ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*ovadъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ovadъ",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ovadъ.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "о́вод",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "óvod",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́вода",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "овода́",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́воды",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "оводо́в",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́водов",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hard-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-c",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́вод",
      "roman": "óvod",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "овода́",
      "roman": "ovodá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "irregular",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́воды",
      "roman": "óvody",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́вода",
      "roman": "óvoda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "оводо́в",
      "roman": "ovodóv",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́водов",
      "roman": "óvodov",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́воду",
      "roman": "óvodu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "овода́м",
      "roman": "ovodám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́водам",
      "roman": "óvodam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́вода",
      "roman": "óvoda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "оводо́в",
      "roman": "ovodóv",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́водов",
      "roman": "óvodov",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́водом",
      "roman": "óvodom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "овода́ми",
      "roman": "ovodámi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́водами",
      "roman": "óvodami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́воде",
      "roman": "óvode",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "овода́х",
      "roman": "ovodáx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́водах",
      "roman": "óvodax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "c",
        "2": "о́вод",
        "3": "(1)",
        "4": "or",
        "a": "an"
      },
      "expansion": "о́вод • (óvod) m anim (genitive о́вода, nominative plural овода́ or о́воды, genitive plural оводо́в or о́водов)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian terms with quotations",
        "ru:Zoology"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              11,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              8,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "english": "\"I am your gladfly. My sting pricks your conscience and arouses you when you are caught napping. Sleep not, sleep not, people of Athens; awake and seek the truth!\"",
          "ref": "1891, Владимир Короленко, chapter I, in Тени (Фантазия); English translation from Thomas Seltzer, transl., The Shades, a Phantasy, 1907:",
          "roman": "«Ja tvoj óvod, ja bólʹno žálju tvojú sóvestʹ, štóby ty ne zasnúl. Ne spi, ne spi, bódrstvuj, iščí právdu, afínskij naród!»",
          "text": "«Я твой о́вод, я бо́льно жа́лю твою́ со́весть, что́бы ты не засну́л. Не спи, не спи, бо́дрствуй, ищи́ пра́вду, афи́нский наро́д!»",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              52,
              60
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              33,
              38
            ]
          ],
          "english": "The rain had quite stopped, it was scorching hot, a horsefly with satiny eyes settled on his sleeve.",
          "ref": "1937, Владимир Набоков [Vladimir Nabokov], “Глава вторая”, in Дар; English translation from Michael Scammell with the collaboration of the author, transl., The Gift, New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1963:",
          "roman": "Doždʹ sovsém perestál, pekló, óvod s šólkovymi glazámi sel na rukáv.",
          "text": "Дождь совсе́м переста́л, пекло́, о́вод с шёлковыми глаза́ми сел на рука́в.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "gadfly, botfly (an insect of genus Oestrus)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "zoology",
          "zoology"
        ],
        [
          "gadfly",
          "gadfly"
        ],
        [
          "botfly",
          "botfly"
        ],
        [
          "Oestrus",
          "Oestrus#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(zoology) gadfly, botfly (an insect of genus Oestrus)"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences",
        "zoology"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Ovod (Soviet and Russian cruise missile)"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈovət]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-овод.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/Ru-%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4.ogg/Ru-%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Ru-%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "ru:овод"
  ],
  "word": "овод"
}

Download raw JSONL data for овод meaning in Russian (6.6kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (92124b4 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.