"бдеть" meaning in Russian

See бдеть in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: [bdʲetʲ] Audio: Ru-бдеть.ogg
Etymology: Inherited from Old East Slavic бъдѣти (bŭděti, “to be awake”), from Proto-Slavic *bъděti (“to be awake”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *budḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰ. Etymology templates: {{root|ru|ine-pro|*bʰewdʰ-}}, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|ru|orv|бъдѣти||to be awake|g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old East Slavic бъдѣти (bŭděti, “to be awake”), {{inh+|ru|orv|бъдѣти||to be awake}} Inherited from Old East Slavic бъдѣти (bŭděti, “to be awake”), {{inh|ru|sla-pro|*bъděti||to be awake}} Proto-Slavic *bъděti (“to be awake”), {{inh|ru|ine-bsl-pro|*budḗˀtei}} Proto-Balto-Slavic *budḗˀtei, {{inh|ru|ine-pro|*bʰewdʰ-|*bʰudʰ}} Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰ Head templates: {{ru-verb||impf}} бдеть • (bdetʹ) impf Inflection templates: {{ru-conj|impf-intr|5b|бдеть|pres_1sg=-}} Forms: bdetʹ [romanization], imperfective intransitive [table-tags], бде́ть [imperfective, infinitive], бдя́щий [active, participle, present], бде́вший [active, participle, past], - [participle, passive, present], - [participle, passive, past], бдя́ [adverbial, participle, present], бде́в [adverbial, participle, past], бде́вши [adverbial, participle, past], - [first-person, present, singular], бу́ду бде́ть [first-person, future, singular], бди́шь [present, second-person, singular], бу́дешь бде́ть [future, second-person, singular], бди́т [present, singular, third-person], бу́дет бде́ть [future, singular, third-person], бди́м [first-person, plural, present], бу́дем бде́ть [first-person, future, plural], бди́те [plural, present, second-person], бу́дете бде́ть [future, plural, second-person], бдя́т [plural, present, third-person], бу́дут бде́ть [future, plural, third-person], бди́ [imperative, singular], бди́те [imperative, plural], бде́л [masculine, past, singular], бде́ли [masculine, past, plural], бде́ла [feminine, past, singular], бде́ли [feminine, past, plural], бде́ло [neuter, past, singular], бде́ли [neuter, past, plural]
  1. (dated) to be awake, not sleep Tags: dated Synonyms: бо́дрствовать
    Sense id: en-бдеть-ru-verb--XXsus9G Categories (other): Russian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 51 49
  2. (literary, dated) to keep watch, to keep vigil Tags: dated, literary
    Sense id: en-бдеть-ru-verb-Iz-dmhi1 Categories (other): Russian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 51 49
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: бди́тельный (bdítelʹnyj) Related terms: блюсти́ (bljustí), бо́дрый (bódryj), буди́ть (budítʹ)

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for бдеть meaning in Russian (6.6kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "bdítelʹnyj",
      "word": "бди́тельный"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰewdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "бъдѣти",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to be awake",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old East Slavic бъдѣти (bŭděti, “to be awake”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "бъдѣти",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to be awake"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic бъдѣти (bŭděti, “to be awake”)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*bъděti",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to be awake"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *bъděti (“to be awake”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*budḗˀtei"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *budḗˀtei",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰewdʰ-",
        "4": "*bʰudʰ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰ",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic бъдѣти (bŭděti, “to be awake”), from Proto-Slavic *bъděti (“to be awake”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *budḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰ.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bdetʹ",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective intransitive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "5b imperfective intransitive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бде́ть",
      "roman": "bdétʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бдя́щий",
      "roman": "bdjáščij",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бде́вший",
      "roman": "bdévšij",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бдя́",
      "roman": "bdjá",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бде́в",
      "roman": "bdév",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бде́вши",
      "roman": "bdévši",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́ду бде́ть",
      "roman": "búdu bdétʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бди́шь",
      "roman": "bdíšʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дешь бде́ть",
      "roman": "búdešʹ bdétʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бди́т",
      "roman": "bdít",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дет бде́ть",
      "roman": "búdet bdétʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бди́м",
      "roman": "bdím",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дем бде́ть",
      "roman": "búdem bdétʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бди́те",
      "roman": "bdíte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дете бде́ть",
      "roman": "búdete bdétʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бдя́т",
      "roman": "bdját",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дут бде́ть",
      "roman": "búdut bdétʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бди́",
      "roman": "bdí",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бди́те",
      "roman": "bdíte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бде́л",
      "roman": "bdél",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бде́ли",
      "roman": "bdéli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бде́ла",
      "roman": "bdéla",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бде́ли",
      "roman": "bdéli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бде́ло",
      "roman": "bdélo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бде́ли",
      "roman": "bdéli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "impf"
      },
      "expansion": "бдеть • (bdetʹ) impf",
      "name": "ru-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf-intr",
        "2": "5b",
        "3": "бдеть",
        "pres_1sg": "-"
      },
      "name": "ru-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "bljustí",
      "word": "блюсти́"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "bódryj",
      "word": "бо́дрый"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "budítʹ",
      "word": "буди́ть"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be awake, not sleep"
      ],
      "id": "en-бдеть-ru-verb--XXsus9G",
      "links": [
        [
          "awake",
          "awake"
        ],
        [
          "sleep",
          "sleep"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dated) to be awake, not sleep"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "бо́дрствовать"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to keep watch, to keep vigil"
      ],
      "id": "en-бдеть-ru-verb-Iz-dmhi1",
      "links": [
        [
          "keep watch",
          "keep watch"
        ],
        [
          "keep",
          "keep"
        ],
        [
          "vigil",
          "vigil"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary, dated) to keep watch, to keep vigil"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "literary"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[bdʲetʲ]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-бдеть.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/Ru-%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C.ogg/Ru-%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Ru-%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "бдеть"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Russian 1-syllable words",
    "Russian class 5 verbs",
    "Russian class 5b verbs",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian imperfective verbs",
    "Russian intransitive verbs",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic",
    "Russian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Russian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Russian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰewdʰ-",
    "Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic",
    "Russian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Russian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Russian terms with audio links",
    "Russian terms with redundant head parameter",
    "Russian verbs"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "bdítelʹnyj",
      "word": "бди́тельный"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰewdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "бъдѣти",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to be awake",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old East Slavic бъдѣти (bŭděti, “to be awake”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "бъдѣти",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to be awake"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic бъдѣти (bŭděti, “to be awake”)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*bъděti",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to be awake"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *bъděti (“to be awake”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*budḗˀtei"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *budḗˀtei",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰewdʰ-",
        "4": "*bʰudʰ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰ",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic бъдѣти (bŭděti, “to be awake”), from Proto-Slavic *bъděti (“to be awake”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *budḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰ.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bdetʹ",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective intransitive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "5b imperfective intransitive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бде́ть",
      "roman": "bdétʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бдя́щий",
      "roman": "bdjáščij",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бде́вший",
      "roman": "bdévšij",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бдя́",
      "roman": "bdjá",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бде́в",
      "roman": "bdév",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бде́вши",
      "roman": "bdévši",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́ду бде́ть",
      "roman": "búdu bdétʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бди́шь",
      "roman": "bdíšʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дешь бде́ть",
      "roman": "búdešʹ bdétʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бди́т",
      "roman": "bdít",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дет бде́ть",
      "roman": "búdet bdétʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бди́м",
      "roman": "bdím",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дем бде́ть",
      "roman": "búdem bdétʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бди́те",
      "roman": "bdíte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дете бде́ть",
      "roman": "búdete bdétʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бдя́т",
      "roman": "bdját",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дут бде́ть",
      "roman": "búdut bdétʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бди́",
      "roman": "bdí",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бди́те",
      "roman": "bdíte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бде́л",
      "roman": "bdél",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бде́ли",
      "roman": "bdéli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бде́ла",
      "roman": "bdéla",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бде́ли",
      "roman": "bdéli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бде́ло",
      "roman": "bdélo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бде́ли",
      "roman": "bdéli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "impf"
      },
      "expansion": "бдеть • (bdetʹ) impf",
      "name": "ru-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf-intr",
        "2": "5b",
        "3": "бдеть",
        "pres_1sg": "-"
      },
      "name": "ru-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "bljustí",
      "word": "блюсти́"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bódryj",
      "word": "бо́дрый"
    },
    {
      "roman": "budítʹ",
      "word": "буди́ть"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian dated terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be awake, not sleep"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "awake",
          "awake"
        ],
        [
          "sleep",
          "sleep"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dated) to be awake, not sleep"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "бо́дрствовать"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian dated terms",
        "Russian literary terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to keep watch, to keep vigil"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "keep watch",
          "keep watch"
        ],
        [
          "keep",
          "keep"
        ],
        [
          "vigil",
          "vigil"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary, dated) to keep watch, to keep vigil"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "literary"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[bdʲetʲ]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-бдеть.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/Ru-%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C.ogg/Ru-%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Ru-%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "бдеть"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (fc4f0c7 and c937495). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.