"а" meaning in Russian

See а in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Character

IPA: [a], [ə] Audio: Ru-а.ogg Forms: a [romanization], А [uppercase]
Head templates: {{head|ru|letter|lower case||upper case|А}} а • (a) (lower case, upper case А)
  1. The first letter of the Russian alphabet, called а (a), and written in the Cyrillic script. Tags: letter, lowercase
    Sense id: en-а-ru-character-kUkJfkcu Categories (other): Russian entries with incorrect language header, Russian pronouns Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 36 37 3 3 2 13 7 Disambiguation of Russian pronouns: 68 18 2 4 4 3 1
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Conjunction

IPA: [a] [stressed], [ə] [unstressed], [ɐ] (note: unstressed, pre-tonal) Audio: Ru-а.ogg [stressed] Forms: a [romanization]
Etymology: table Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a (“and, but”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ōd (presumed to be the ablative of *éy, h₁e). Cognate with Lithuanian õ (“and, but”). Possible link with Lithuanian ar̃ (“question particle”). Compare Russian а (a, “and, but”), и (i, “and”) and да (da, “and, but”) with Lithuanian ar̃ (“if, whether”), ir̃ (“and”) and dár (“still, yet”). Etymology templates: {{etymid|ru|but}} table, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|ru|sla-pro|*a||and, but|g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *a (“and, but”), {{inh+|ru|sla-pro|*a||and, but}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a (“and, but”), {{inh|ru|ine-bsl-pro|*ō}} Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō, {{inh|ru|ine-pro|*h₁ōd}} Proto-Indo-European *h₁ōd, {{m|ine-pro|*éy|*éy, h₁e}} *éy, h₁e, {{cog|lt|õ||and, but}} Lithuanian õ (“and, but”), {{cog|lt|ar̃||question particle}} Lithuanian ar̃ (“question particle”), {{cog|ru|а||and, but}} Russian а (a, “and, but”), {{m|ru|и||and}} и (i, “and”), {{m|ru|да||and, but}} да (da, “and, but”), {{cog|lt|ar̃||if, whether}} Lithuanian ar̃ (“if, whether”), {{m|lt|ir̃||and}} ir̃ (“and”), {{m|lt|dár||still, yet}} dár (“still, yet”) Head templates: {{head|ru|conjunction|cat2=one-letter words}} а • (a)
  1. but, and (deviates from the preceding idea in some manner; introduces a new or different meaning, as opposed to но (no), which usually indicates contrarity) Related terms: а ве́дь (a védʹ), а и́менно (a ímenno), а то́ (a tó)
    Sense id: en-а-ru-conj-O3~6Of2S Categories (other): Russian entries with incorrect language header, Russian one-letter words Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 36 37 3 3 2 13 7
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Interjection

IPA: [a] Audio: Ru-а.ogg Forms: а! [canonical], a! [romanization]
Etymology: Compare Lithuanian à, õ, oà (“expression of pain, surprise”), as well as Gothic 𐍉 (ō, “ah!”), Latin ā, āh (“expression of pain, anger”), Ancient Greek ἆ (â, “ah!”) Etymology templates: {{cog|lt|à}} Lithuanian à, {{m|lt|õ}} õ, {{m|lt|oà||expression of pain, surprise}} oà (“expression of pain, surprise”), {{cog|got|𐍉||ah!}} Gothic 𐍉 (ō, “ah!”), {{cog|la|ā}} Latin ā, {{m|la|āh||expression of pain, anger}} āh (“expression of pain, anger”), {{cog|grc|ἆ||ah!}} Ancient Greek ἆ (â, “ah!”) Head templates: {{head|ru|interjection|head=а!}} а! • (a!)
  1. oh! (expressing surprise or realization)
    Sense id: en-а-ru-intj-RCzutTwu
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: аа (aa), а́-а (á-a)
Etymology number: 3

Noun

IPA: [a], [ə] Audio: Ru-а.ogg Forms: a [romanization]
Head templates: {{ru-noun||n-in|-}} а • (a) n inan (indeclinable)
  1. The name of the Cyrillic script letter А / а. Tags: indeclinable Categories (topical): Cyrillic letter names
    Sense id: en-а-ru-noun-PU1yKtv2
  2. The name of the Latin-script letter A. Tags: indeclinable Categories (topical): Latin letter names
    Sense id: en-а-ru-noun-fr8LR4ci
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1 Related terms: бу́ква [Cyrillic, letter], А [Cyrillic, letter], а [Cyrillic, letter], Б [Cyrillic, letter], б [Cyrillic, letter], В [Cyrillic, letter], в [Cyrillic, letter], Г [Cyrillic, letter], г [Cyrillic, letter], Д [Cyrillic, letter], д [Cyrillic, letter], Е [Cyrillic, letter], е [Cyrillic, letter], Ё [Cyrillic, letter], ё [Cyrillic, letter], Ж [Cyrillic, letter], ж [Cyrillic, letter], З [Cyrillic, letter], з [Cyrillic, letter], И [Cyrillic, letter], и [Cyrillic, letter], Й [Cyrillic, letter], й [Cyrillic, letter], К [Cyrillic, letter], к [Cyrillic, letter], Л [Cyrillic, letter], л [Cyrillic, letter], М [Cyrillic, letter], м [Cyrillic, letter], Н [Cyrillic, letter], н [Cyrillic, letter], О [Cyrillic, letter], о [Cyrillic, letter], П [Cyrillic, letter], п [Cyrillic, letter], Р [Cyrillic, letter], р [Cyrillic, letter], С [Cyrillic, letter], с [Cyrillic, letter], Т [Cyrillic, letter], т [Cyrillic, letter], У [Cyrillic, letter], у [Cyrillic, letter], Ф [Cyrillic, letter], ф [Cyrillic, letter], Х [Cyrillic, letter], х [Cyrillic, letter], Ц [Cyrillic, letter], ц [Cyrillic, letter], Ч [Cyrillic, letter], ч [Cyrillic, letter], Ш [Cyrillic, letter], ш [Cyrillic, letter], Щ [Cyrillic, letter], щ [Cyrillic, letter], Ъ [Cyrillic, letter], ъ [Cyrillic, letter], Ы [Cyrillic, letter], ы [Cyrillic, letter], Ь [Cyrillic, letter], ь [Cyrillic, letter], Э [Cyrillic, letter], э [Cyrillic, letter], Ю [Cyrillic, letter], ю [Cyrillic, letter], Я [Cyrillic, letter], я [Cyrillic, letter], буква [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], бэ (bɛ) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], вэ (vɛ) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], гэ (gɛ) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], дэ (dɛ) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], е (english: je) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], ё (jo) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], же (že) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], зэ (zɛ) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], и (i) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], и краткое (i kratkoje) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], ий (english: ij) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], ка (ka) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], эл (el) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], эль (elʹ) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], эм (em) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], эн (english: en) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], о (o) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], пэ (pɛ) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], эр (er) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], эс (es) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], тэ (tɛ) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], у (u) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], эф (ef) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], ха (xa) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], цэ (cɛ) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], че (če) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], ша (ša) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], ща (šča) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], твёрдый знак (tvjórdyj znak) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], ы (y) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], еры (jery) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], мягкий знак (mjaxkij znak) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], э (e) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], э оборотное (e oborotnoje) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], ю (ju) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name], я (ja) [Cyrillic, character, letter-name]

Particle

IPA: [a] Audio: Ru-а.ogg Forms: a [romanization]
Etymology: Compare Lithuanian à, õ, oà (“expression of pain, surprise”), as well as Gothic 𐍉 (ō, “ah!”), Latin ā, āh (“expression of pain, anger”), Ancient Greek ἆ (â, “ah!”) Etymology templates: {{cog|lt|à}} Lithuanian à, {{m|lt|õ}} õ, {{m|lt|oà||expression of pain, surprise}} oà (“expression of pain, surprise”), {{cog|got|𐍉||ah!}} Gothic 𐍉 (ō, “ah!”), {{cog|la|ā}} Latin ā, {{m|la|āh||expression of pain, anger}} āh (“expression of pain, anger”), {{cog|grc|ἆ||ah!}} Ancient Greek ἆ (â, “ah!”)
  1. colloquial particle used to seek confirmation: eh Synonyms: ась
    Sense id: en-а-ru-particle-cWynZZ5G Categories (other): Russian entries with incorrect language header, Russian particles Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 36 37 3 3 2 13 7
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: аа (aa), а́-а (á-a)
Etymology number: 3

Pronoun

IPA: [a] Audio: Ru-а.ogg Forms: a [romanization]
Head templates: {{head|ru|pronoun|indeclinable}} а • (a) (indeclinable)
  1. (criminal slang) he, she or it (used to point to a particular person) Tags: indeclinable, slang Categories (topical): Crime
    Sense id: en-а-ru-pron-WwnFXdhw
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 4

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for а meaning in Russian (21.1kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [],
  "etymology_text": "",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "a",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "А",
      "tags": [
        "uppercase"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "letter",
        "3": "lower case",
        "4": "",
        "5": "upper case",
        "6": "А"
      },
      "expansion": "а • (a) (lower case, upper case А)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "36 37 3 3 2 13 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "68 18 2 4 4 3 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The first letter of the Russian alphabet, called а (a), and written in the Cyrillic script."
      ],
      "id": "en-а-ru-character-kUkJfkcu",
      "links": [
        [
          "letter",
          "letter#English"
        ],
        [
          "alphabet",
          "alphabet#English"
        ],
        [
          "а",
          "а#Russian"
        ],
        [
          "Cyrillic script",
          "Appendix:Cyrillic script#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "letter",
        "lowercase"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[a]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ə]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-а.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "а"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [],
  "etymology_text": "",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "a",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "n-in",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "а • (a) n inan (indeclinable)",
      "name": "ru-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "бу́ква"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "А"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "а"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Б"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "б"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "В"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "в"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Г"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "г"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Д"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "д"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Е"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "е"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Ё"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "ё"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Ж"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "ж"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "З"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "з"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "И"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "и"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Й"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "й"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "К"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "к"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Л"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "л"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "М"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "м"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Н"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "н"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "О"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "о"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "П"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "п"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Р"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "р"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "С"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "с"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Т"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "т"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "У"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "у"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Ф"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "ф"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Х"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "х"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Ц"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "ц"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Ч"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "ч"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Ш"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "ш"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Щ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "щ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Ъ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "ъ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Ы"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "ы"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Ь"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "ь"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Э"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "э"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Ю"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "ю"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Я"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "я"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "буква"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "bɛ",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "бэ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "vɛ",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "вэ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gɛ",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "гэ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "dɛ",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "дэ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "je",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "е"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jo",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "ё"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "že",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "же"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zɛ",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "зэ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "i",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "и"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "i kratkoje",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "и краткое"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "ij",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "ий"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "ka",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "ка"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "el",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "эл"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "elʹ",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "эль"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "em",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "эм"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "en",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "эн"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "o",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "о"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "pɛ",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "пэ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "er",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "эр"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "es",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "эс"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "tɛ",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "тэ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "u",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "у"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "ef",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "эф"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "xa",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "ха"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "cɛ",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "цэ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "če",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "че"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "ša",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "ша"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "šča",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "ща"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "tvjórdyj znak",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "твёрдый знак"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "y",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "ы"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jery",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "еры"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "mjaxkij znak",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "мягкий знак"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "e",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "э"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "e oborotnoje",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "э оборотное"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "ju",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "ю"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "ja",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "я"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Cyrillic letter names",
          "orig": "ru:Cyrillic letter names",
          "parents": [
            "Letter names",
            "Letters, symbols, and punctuation",
            "Names",
            "Orthography",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Writing",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Language",
            "Lemmas",
            "Human",
            "Communication"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The name of the Cyrillic script letter А / а."
      ],
      "id": "en-а-ru-noun-PU1yKtv2",
      "links": [
        [
          "Cyrillic script",
          "Appendix:Cyrillic script#English"
        ],
        [
          "А",
          "А#Russian"
        ],
        [
          "а",
          "а#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indeclinable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Latin letter names",
          "orig": "ru:Latin letter names",
          "parents": [
            "Letter names",
            "Letters, symbols, and punctuation",
            "Names",
            "Orthography",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Writing",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Language",
            "Lemmas",
            "Human",
            "Communication"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The name of the Latin-script letter A."
      ],
      "id": "en-а-ru-noun-fr8LR4ci",
      "links": [
        [
          "A",
          "A#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indeclinable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[a]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ə]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-а.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "а"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mhr",
            "2": "а",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Eastern Mari: а (a)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Eastern Mari: а (a)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "izh",
            "2": "a",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ingrian: a",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ingrian: a"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sjd",
            "2": "а",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Kildin Sami: а (a)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Kildin Sami: а (a)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vot",
            "2": "a",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Votic: a",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Votic: a"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "but"
      },
      "expansion": "table",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*a",
        "4": "",
        "5": "and, but",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *a (“and, but”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*a",
        "4": "",
        "5": "and, but"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a (“and, but”)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*ō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁ōd"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ōd",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*éy",
        "3": "*éy, h₁e"
      },
      "expansion": "*éy, h₁e",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "õ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "and, but"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian õ (“and, but”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "ar̃",
        "3": "",
        "4": "question particle"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian ar̃ (“question particle”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "а",
        "3": "",
        "4": "and, but"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian а (a, “and, but”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "и",
        "3": "",
        "4": "and"
      },
      "expansion": "и (i, “and”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "да",
        "3": "",
        "4": "and, but"
      },
      "expansion": "да (da, “and, but”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "ar̃",
        "3": "",
        "4": "if, whether"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian ar̃ (“if, whether”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "ir̃",
        "3": "",
        "4": "and"
      },
      "expansion": "ir̃ (“and”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "dár",
        "3": "",
        "4": "still, yet"
      },
      "expansion": "dár (“still, yet”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "table\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *a (“and, but”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ōd (presumed to be the ablative of *éy, h₁e). Cognate with Lithuanian õ (“and, but”).\nPossible link with Lithuanian ar̃ (“question particle”). Compare Russian а (a, “and, but”), и (i, “and”) and да (da, “and, but”) with Lithuanian ar̃ (“if, whether”), ir̃ (“and”) and dár (“still, yet”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "a",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "conjunction",
        "cat2": "one-letter words"
      },
      "expansion": "а • (a)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "conj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "36 37 3 3 2 13 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian one-letter words",
          "parents": [
            "One-letter words",
            "1",
            "Character counts",
            "Terms by orthographic property",
            "Terms by lexical property"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "It is warm today, but yesterday it was cold.",
          "roman": "Sevódnja tepló, a včerá býlo xólodno.",
          "text": "Сего́дня тепло́, а вчера́ бы́ло хо́лодно.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "This is not an apple, but a pear.",
          "roman": "Éto ne jábloko, a grúša.",
          "text": "Э́то не я́блоко, а гру́ша.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "How come?",
          "roman": "A što?",
          "text": "А что?",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "or else",
          "roman": "a to",
          "text": "а то",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "but, and (deviates from the preceding idea in some manner; introduces a new or different meaning, as opposed to но (no), which usually indicates contrarity)"
      ],
      "id": "en-а-ru-conj-O3~6Of2S",
      "links": [
        [
          "but",
          "but"
        ],
        [
          "and",
          "and"
        ],
        [
          "но",
          "но#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "roman": "a védʹ",
          "word": "а ве́дь"
        },
        {
          "roman": "a ímenno",
          "word": "а и́менно"
        },
        {
          "roman": "a tó",
          "word": "а то́"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[a]",
      "tags": [
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ə]",
      "tags": [
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɐ]",
      "note": "unstressed, pre-tonal"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-а.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "stressed"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (stressed)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "а"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "à"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian à",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "õ"
      },
      "expansion": "õ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "oà",
        "3": "",
        "4": "expression of pain, surprise"
      },
      "expansion": "oà (“expression of pain, surprise”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐍉",
        "3": "",
        "4": "ah!"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍉 (ō, “ah!”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ā"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ā",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "āh",
        "3": "",
        "4": "expression of pain, anger"
      },
      "expansion": "āh (“expression of pain, anger”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἆ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "ah!"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἆ (â, “ah!”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Compare Lithuanian à, õ, oà (“expression of pain, surprise”), as well as Gothic 𐍉 (ō, “ah!”), Latin ā, āh (“expression of pain, anger”), Ancient Greek ἆ (â, “ah!”)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "а!",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a!",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "interjection",
        "head": "а!"
      },
      "expansion": "а! • (a!)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "intj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "oh! (expressing surprise or realization)"
      ],
      "id": "en-а-ru-intj-RCzutTwu",
      "links": [
        [
          "oh",
          "oh"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[a]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-а.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "aa",
      "word": "аа"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "á-a",
      "word": "а́-а"
    }
  ],
  "word": "а"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "à"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian à",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "õ"
      },
      "expansion": "õ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "oà",
        "3": "",
        "4": "expression of pain, surprise"
      },
      "expansion": "oà (“expression of pain, surprise”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐍉",
        "3": "",
        "4": "ah!"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍉 (ō, “ah!”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ā"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ā",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "āh",
        "3": "",
        "4": "expression of pain, anger"
      },
      "expansion": "āh (“expression of pain, anger”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἆ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "ah!"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἆ (â, “ah!”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Compare Lithuanian à, õ, oà (“expression of pain, surprise”), as well as Gothic 𐍉 (ō, “ah!”), Latin ā, āh (“expression of pain, anger”), Ancient Greek ἆ (â, “ah!”)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "a",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "particle",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "36 37 3 3 2 13 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian particles",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Do you hear me, eh?",
          "roman": "Ty slýšišʹ menjá, a?",
          "text": "Ты слы́шишь меня́, а?",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "So are you coming today, then?",
          "roman": "Ty pridjóšʹ sevódnja, a?",
          "text": "Ты придёшь сего́дня, а?",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "colloquial particle used to seek confirmation: eh"
      ],
      "id": "en-а-ru-particle-cWynZZ5G",
      "links": [
        [
          "eh",
          "eh"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ась"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[a]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-а.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "aa",
      "word": "аа"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "á-a",
      "word": "а́-а"
    }
  ],
  "word": "а"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 4,
  "etymology_templates": [],
  "etymology_text": "",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "a",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "pronoun",
        "3": "indeclinable"
      },
      "expansion": "а • (a) (indeclinable)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "pron",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Crime",
          "orig": "ru:Crime",
          "parents": [
            "Criminal law",
            "Society",
            "Law",
            "All topics",
            "Justice",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "he, she or it (used to point to a particular person)"
      ],
      "id": "en-а-ru-pron-WwnFXdhw",
      "links": [
        [
          "criminal",
          "criminal"
        ],
        [
          "slang",
          "slang"
        ],
        [
          "he",
          "he"
        ],
        [
          "she",
          "she"
        ],
        [
          "it",
          "it"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(criminal slang) he, she or it (used to point to a particular person)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indeclinable",
        "slang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[a]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-а.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "а"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Russian 1-syllable words",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian letters",
    "Russian pronouns",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Russian terms with audio links"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [],
  "etymology_text": "",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "a",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "А",
      "tags": [
        "uppercase"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "letter",
        "3": "lower case",
        "4": "",
        "5": "upper case",
        "6": "А"
      },
      "expansion": "а • (a) (lower case, upper case А)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The first letter of the Russian alphabet, called а (a), and written in the Cyrillic script."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "letter",
          "letter#English"
        ],
        [
          "alphabet",
          "alphabet#English"
        ],
        [
          "а",
          "а#Russian"
        ],
        [
          "Cyrillic script",
          "Appendix:Cyrillic script#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "letter",
        "lowercase"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[a]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ə]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-а.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "а"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Russian 1-syllable words",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian inanimate nouns",
    "Russian indeclinable nouns",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian neuter nouns",
    "Russian nouns",
    "Russian pronouns",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Russian terms with audio links",
    "Russian terms with redundant head parameter"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [],
  "etymology_text": "",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "a",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "n-in",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "а • (a) n inan (indeclinable)",
      "name": "ru-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "бу́ква"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "А"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "а"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Б"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "б"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "В"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "в"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Г"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "г"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Д"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "д"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Е"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "е"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Ё"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "ё"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Ж"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "ж"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "З"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "з"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "И"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "и"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Й"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "й"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "К"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "к"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Л"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "л"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "М"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "м"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Н"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "н"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "О"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "о"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "П"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "п"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Р"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "р"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "С"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "с"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Т"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "т"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "У"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "у"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Ф"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "ф"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Х"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "х"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Ц"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "ц"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Ч"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "ч"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Ш"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "ш"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Щ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "щ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Ъ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "ъ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Ы"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "ы"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Ь"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "ь"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Э"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "э"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Ю"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "ю"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "Я"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "letter"
      ],
      "word": "я"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "буква"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bɛ",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "бэ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "vɛ",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "вэ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gɛ",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "гэ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "dɛ",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "дэ"
    },
    {
      "english": "je",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "е"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jo",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "ё"
    },
    {
      "roman": "že",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "же"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zɛ",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "зэ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "i",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "и"
    },
    {
      "roman": "i kratkoje",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "и краткое"
    },
    {
      "english": "ij",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "ий"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ka",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "ка"
    },
    {
      "roman": "el",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "эл"
    },
    {
      "roman": "elʹ",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "эль"
    },
    {
      "roman": "em",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "эм"
    },
    {
      "english": "en",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "эн"
    },
    {
      "roman": "o",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "о"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pɛ",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "пэ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "er",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "эр"
    },
    {
      "roman": "es",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "эс"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tɛ",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "тэ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "u",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "у"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ef",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "эф"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xa",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "ха"
    },
    {
      "roman": "cɛ",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "цэ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "če",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "че"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ša",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "ша"
    },
    {
      "roman": "šča",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "ща"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tvjórdyj znak",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "твёрдый знак"
    },
    {
      "roman": "y",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "ы"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jery",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "еры"
    },
    {
      "roman": "mjaxkij znak",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "мягкий знак"
    },
    {
      "roman": "e",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "э"
    },
    {
      "roman": "e oborotnoje",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "э оборотное"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ju",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "ю"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ja",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "character",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "я"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "ru:Cyrillic letter names"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The name of the Cyrillic script letter А / а."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Cyrillic script",
          "Appendix:Cyrillic script#English"
        ],
        [
          "А",
          "А#Russian"
        ],
        [
          "а",
          "а#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indeclinable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "ru:Latin letter names"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The name of the Latin-script letter A."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "A",
          "A#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indeclinable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[a]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ə]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-а.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "а"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Russian 1-syllable words",
    "Russian conjunctions",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian one-letter words",
    "Russian pronouns",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Russian terms with audio links"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mhr",
            "2": "а",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Eastern Mari: а (a)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Eastern Mari: а (a)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "izh",
            "2": "a",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ingrian: a",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ingrian: a"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sjd",
            "2": "а",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Kildin Sami: а (a)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Kildin Sami: а (a)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vot",
            "2": "a",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Votic: a",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Votic: a"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "but"
      },
      "expansion": "table",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*a",
        "4": "",
        "5": "and, but",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *a (“and, but”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*a",
        "4": "",
        "5": "and, but"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a (“and, but”)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*ō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁ōd"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ōd",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*éy",
        "3": "*éy, h₁e"
      },
      "expansion": "*éy, h₁e",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "õ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "and, but"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian õ (“and, but”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "ar̃",
        "3": "",
        "4": "question particle"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian ar̃ (“question particle”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "а",
        "3": "",
        "4": "and, but"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian а (a, “and, but”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "и",
        "3": "",
        "4": "and"
      },
      "expansion": "и (i, “and”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "да",
        "3": "",
        "4": "and, but"
      },
      "expansion": "да (da, “and, but”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "ar̃",
        "3": "",
        "4": "if, whether"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian ar̃ (“if, whether”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "ir̃",
        "3": "",
        "4": "and"
      },
      "expansion": "ir̃ (“and”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "dár",
        "3": "",
        "4": "still, yet"
      },
      "expansion": "dár (“still, yet”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "table\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *a (“and, but”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ōd (presumed to be the ablative of *éy, h₁e). Cognate with Lithuanian õ (“and, but”).\nPossible link with Lithuanian ar̃ (“question particle”). Compare Russian а (a, “and, but”), и (i, “and”) and да (da, “and, but”) with Lithuanian ar̃ (“if, whether”), ir̃ (“and”) and dár (“still, yet”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "a",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "conjunction",
        "cat2": "one-letter words"
      },
      "expansion": "а • (a)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "conj",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "a védʹ",
      "word": "а ве́дь"
    },
    {
      "roman": "a ímenno",
      "word": "а и́менно"
    },
    {
      "roman": "a tó",
      "word": "а то́"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "It is warm today, but yesterday it was cold.",
          "roman": "Sevódnja tepló, a včerá býlo xólodno.",
          "text": "Сего́дня тепло́, а вчера́ бы́ло хо́лодно.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "This is not an apple, but a pear.",
          "roman": "Éto ne jábloko, a grúša.",
          "text": "Э́то не я́блоко, а гру́ша.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "How come?",
          "roman": "A što?",
          "text": "А что?",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "or else",
          "roman": "a to",
          "text": "а то",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "but, and (deviates from the preceding idea in some manner; introduces a new or different meaning, as opposed to но (no), which usually indicates contrarity)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "but",
          "but"
        ],
        [
          "and",
          "and"
        ],
        [
          "но",
          "но#Russian"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[a]",
      "tags": [
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ə]",
      "tags": [
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɐ]",
      "note": "unstressed, pre-tonal"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-а.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "stressed"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (stressed)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "а"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Russian 1-syllable words",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian interjections",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian pronouns",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Russian terms with audio links"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "à"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian à",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "õ"
      },
      "expansion": "õ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "oà",
        "3": "",
        "4": "expression of pain, surprise"
      },
      "expansion": "oà (“expression of pain, surprise”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐍉",
        "3": "",
        "4": "ah!"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍉 (ō, “ah!”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ā"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ā",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "āh",
        "3": "",
        "4": "expression of pain, anger"
      },
      "expansion": "āh (“expression of pain, anger”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἆ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "ah!"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἆ (â, “ah!”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Compare Lithuanian à, õ, oà (“expression of pain, surprise”), as well as Gothic 𐍉 (ō, “ah!”), Latin ā, āh (“expression of pain, anger”), Ancient Greek ἆ (â, “ah!”)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "а!",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a!",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "interjection",
        "head": "а!"
      },
      "expansion": "а! • (a!)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "intj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "oh! (expressing surprise or realization)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "oh",
          "oh"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[a]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-а.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "aa",
      "word": "аа"
    },
    {
      "roman": "á-a",
      "word": "а́-а"
    }
  ],
  "word": "а"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Russian 1-syllable words",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian particles",
    "Russian pronouns",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Russian terms with audio links"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "à"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian à",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "õ"
      },
      "expansion": "õ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "oà",
        "3": "",
        "4": "expression of pain, surprise"
      },
      "expansion": "oà (“expression of pain, surprise”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐍉",
        "3": "",
        "4": "ah!"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍉 (ō, “ah!”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ā"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ā",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "āh",
        "3": "",
        "4": "expression of pain, anger"
      },
      "expansion": "āh (“expression of pain, anger”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἆ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "ah!"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἆ (â, “ah!”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Compare Lithuanian à, õ, oà (“expression of pain, surprise”), as well as Gothic 𐍉 (ō, “ah!”), Latin ā, āh (“expression of pain, anger”), Ancient Greek ἆ (â, “ah!”)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "a",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "particle",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Do you hear me, eh?",
          "roman": "Ty slýšišʹ menjá, a?",
          "text": "Ты слы́шишь меня́, а?",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "So are you coming today, then?",
          "roman": "Ty pridjóšʹ sevódnja, a?",
          "text": "Ты придёшь сего́дня, а?",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "colloquial particle used to seek confirmation: eh"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "eh",
          "eh"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ась"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[a]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-а.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "aa",
      "word": "аа"
    },
    {
      "roman": "á-a",
      "word": "а́-а"
    }
  ],
  "word": "а"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Russian 1-syllable words",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian pronouns",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Russian terms with audio links"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 4,
  "etymology_templates": [],
  "etymology_text": "",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "a",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "pronoun",
        "3": "indeclinable"
      },
      "expansion": "а • (a) (indeclinable)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "pron",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian criminal slang",
        "ru:Crime"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "he, she or it (used to point to a particular person)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "criminal",
          "criminal"
        ],
        [
          "slang",
          "slang"
        ],
        [
          "he",
          "he"
        ],
        [
          "she",
          "she"
        ],
        [
          "it",
          "it"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(criminal slang) he, she or it (used to point to a particular person)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indeclinable",
        "slang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[a]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-а.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "а"
}
{
  "called_from": "XYZunsorted",
  "msg": "а/Russian/character: 'etymology_text' should contain a non-empty string: {\"categories\": [\"Russian 1-syllable words\", \"Russian entries with incorrect language header\", \"Russian lemmas\", \"Russian letters\", \"Russian pronouns\", \"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Russian terms with audio links\"], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_templates\": [], \"etymology_text\": \"\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"a\", \"tags\": [\"romanization\"]}, {\"form\": \"\\u0410\", \"tags\": [\"uppercase\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ru\", \"2\": \"letter\", \"3\": \"lower case\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"upper case\", \"6\": \"\\u0410\"}, \"expansion\": \"\\u0430 \\u2022 (a) (lower case, upper case \\u0410)\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"lang_code\": \"ru\", \"pos\": \"character\", \"senses\": [{\"glosses\": [\"The first letter of the Russian alphabet, called \\u0430 (a), and written in the Cyrillic script.\"], \"links\": [[\"letter\", \"letter#English\"], [\"alphabet\", \"alphabet#English\"], [\"\\u0430\", \"\\u0430#Russian\"], [\"Cyrillic script\", \"Appendix:Cyrillic script#English\"]], \"tags\": [\"letter\", \"lowercase\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"[a]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"[\\u0259]\"}, {\"audio\": \"Ru-\\u0430.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg\", \"text\": \"Audio\"}], \"word\": \"\\u0430\"}: {\"categories\": [\"Russian 1-syllable words\", \"Russian entries with incorrect language header\", \"Russian lemmas\", \"Russian letters\", \"Russian pronouns\", \"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Russian terms with audio links\"], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_templates\": [], \"etymology_text\": \"\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"a\", \"tags\": [\"romanization\"]}, {\"form\": \"\\u0410\", \"tags\": [\"uppercase\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ru\", \"2\": \"letter\", \"3\": \"lower case\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"upper case\", \"6\": \"\\u0410\"}, \"expansion\": \"\\u0430 \\u2022 (a) (lower case, upper case \\u0410)\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"lang_code\": \"ru\", \"pos\": \"character\", \"senses\": [{\"glosses\": [\"The first letter of the Russian alphabet, called \\u0430 (a), and written in the Cyrillic script.\"], \"links\": [[\"letter\", \"letter#English\"], [\"alphabet\", \"alphabet#English\"], [\"\\u0430\", \"\\u0430#Russian\"], [\"Cyrillic script\", \"Appendix:Cyrillic script#English\"]], \"tags\": [\"letter\", \"lowercase\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"[a]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"[\\u0259]\"}, {\"audio\": \"Ru-\\u0430.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg\", \"text\": \"Audio\"}], \"word\": \"\\u0430\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "Russian",
  "subsection": "character",
  "title": "а",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "XYZunsorted",
  "msg": "а/Russian/noun: 'etymology_text' should contain a non-empty string: {\"categories\": [\"Russian 1-syllable words\", \"Russian entries with incorrect language header\", \"Russian inanimate nouns\", \"Russian indeclinable nouns\", \"Russian lemmas\", \"Russian neuter nouns\", \"Russian nouns\", \"Russian pronouns\", \"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Russian terms with audio links\", \"Russian terms with redundant head parameter\"], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_templates\": [], \"etymology_text\": \"\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"a\", \"tags\": [\"romanization\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"n-in\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\\u0430 \\u2022 (a) n inan (indeclinable)\", \"name\": \"ru-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"lang_code\": \"ru\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"related\": [{\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"letter\"], \"word\": \"\\u0431\\u0443\\u0301\\u043a\\u0432\\u0430\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"letter\"], \"word\": \"\\u0410\"}, 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\"tags\": [\"indeclinable\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"ru:Latin letter names\"], \"glosses\": [\"The name of the Latin-script letter A.\"], \"links\": [[\"A\", \"A#Russian\"]], \"tags\": [\"indeclinable\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"[a]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"[\\u0259]\"}, {\"audio\": \"Ru-\\u0430.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg\", \"text\": \"Audio\"}], \"word\": \"\\u0430\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "Russian",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "а",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "XYZunsorted",
  "msg": "а/Russian/pron: 'etymology_text' should contain a non-empty string: {\"categories\": [\"Russian 1-syllable words\", \"Russian entries with incorrect language header\", \"Russian lemmas\", \"Russian pronouns\", \"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Russian terms with audio links\"], \"etymology_number\": 4, \"etymology_templates\": [], \"etymology_text\": \"\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"a\", \"tags\": [\"romanization\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ru\", \"2\": \"pronoun\", \"3\": \"indeclinable\"}, \"expansion\": \"\\u0430 \\u2022 (a) (indeclinable)\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"lang_code\": \"ru\", \"pos\": \"pron\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Russian criminal slang\", \"ru:Crime\"], \"glosses\": [\"he, she or it (used to point to a particular person)\"], \"links\": [[\"criminal\", \"criminal\"], [\"slang\", \"slang\"], [\"he\", \"he\"], [\"she\", \"she\"], [\"it\", \"it\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(criminal slang) he, she or it (used to point to a particular person)\"], \"tags\": [\"indeclinable\", \"slang\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"[a]\"}, {\"audio\": \"Ru-\\u0430.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg\", \"text\": \"Audio\"}], \"word\": \"\\u0430\"}: {\"categories\": [\"Russian 1-syllable words\", \"Russian entries with incorrect language header\", \"Russian lemmas\", \"Russian pronouns\", \"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Russian terms with audio links\"], \"etymology_number\": 4, \"etymology_templates\": [], \"etymology_text\": \"\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"a\", \"tags\": [\"romanization\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ru\", \"2\": \"pronoun\", \"3\": \"indeclinable\"}, \"expansion\": \"\\u0430 \\u2022 (a) (indeclinable)\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"lang_code\": \"ru\", \"pos\": \"pron\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Russian criminal slang\", \"ru:Crime\"], \"glosses\": [\"he, she or it (used to point to a particular person)\"], \"links\": [[\"criminal\", \"criminal\"], [\"slang\", \"slang\"], [\"he\", \"he\"], [\"she\", \"she\"], [\"it\", \"it\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(criminal slang) he, she or it (used to point to a particular person)\"], \"tags\": [\"indeclinable\", \"slang\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"[a]\"}, {\"audio\": \"Ru-\\u0430.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Ru-%D0%B0.ogg\", \"text\": \"Audio\"}], \"word\": \"\\u0430\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "Russian",
  "subsection": "pron",
  "title": "а",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.