See хлеб in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ain",
"2": "ヘリェバ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ainu: ヘリェバ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ainu: ヘリェバ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "khleb",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: khleb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: khleb"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "할례쁘",
"bor": "1",
"q1": "Russia"
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: (Russia) 할례쁘 (hallyeppeu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Korean: (Russia) 할례쁘 (hallyeppeu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "列巴",
"3": "",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Mandarin: 列巴 (lièbā)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Northeastern Mandarin"
},
"expansion": "(Northeastern Mandarin)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Mandarin: 列巴 (lièbā) > 大列巴 (dàlièbā) (Northeastern Mandarin)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dalieba",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: dalieba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: dalieba"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "дале́ба",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: дале́ба (daléba)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: дале́ба (daléba)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "esu",
"2": "kelipaq",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yup'ik: kelipaq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Yup'ik: kelipaq"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crp-rsn",
"2": "klæba",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russenorsk: klæba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russenorsk: klæba"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "хлѣбъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "хлѣбъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xlěbъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xlěbъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "got",
"3": "𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hlaibaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "unknown"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "loaf"
},
"expansion": "English loaf",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ), from Proto-Slavic *xlěbъ, from Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs), from Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz, of unknown origin. Cognate with English loaf.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xleb",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́ба",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бы",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бов",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бный",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бушек",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бец",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́б",
"roman": "xléb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бы",
"roman": "xléby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́ба",
"roman": "xléba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бов",
"roman": "xlébov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бу",
"roman": "xlébu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бам",
"roman": "xlébam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́б",
"roman": "xléb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бы",
"roman": "xléby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бом",
"roman": "xlébom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бами",
"roman": "xlébami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бе",
"roman": "xlébe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бах",
"roman": "xlébax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "хлѣбъ",
"roman": "xlěb",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adj": "хле́бный",
"dim": "хле́бушек",
"dim2": "хле́бец"
},
"expansion": "хлеб • (xleb) m inan (genitive хле́ба, nominative plural хле́бы, genitive plural хле́бов, relational adjective хле́бный, diminutive хле́бушек or хле́бец)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 26 31 13 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 26 31 13 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 32 29 12 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 16 22 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Breads",
"orig": "ru:Breads",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bread"
],
"id": "en-хлеб-ru-noun-mFYEwrYC",
"links": [
[
"bread",
"bread"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 26 31 13 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 26 31 13 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 32 29 12 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"loaf"
],
"id": "en-хлеб-ru-noun-3AuojyCm",
"links": [
[
"loaf",
"loaf"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Saint-Petersburg"
],
"word": "бу́лка"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Saint Petersburg Russian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "42 1 3 47 1 1 1 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 24 70 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 33 55 3 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 29 61 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 15 69 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns ending in a consonant with plural -а",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 26 31 13 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 26 31 13 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 32 29 12 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"black bread, rye bread"
],
"id": "en-хлеб-ru-noun-dzasEfQ-",
"links": [
[
"black",
"black"
],
[
"bread",
"bread"
],
[
"rye",
"rye"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Saint Petersburg) black bread, rye bread"
],
"tags": [
"Saint-Petersburg"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[xlʲep]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-хлеб.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/Ru-%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1.ogg/Ru-%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Ru-%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1.ogg"
}
],
"word": "хлеб"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Phrases"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "vólʹnyje xlebá",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "во́льные хлеба́"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "i to xleb",
"word": "и то хлеб"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xlébom ne kormí",
"word": "хле́бом не корми́"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "хлѣбъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "хлѣбъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xlěbъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xlěbъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "got",
"3": "𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hlaibaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "unknown"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "loaf"
},
"expansion": "English loaf",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ), from Proto-Slavic *xlěbъ, from Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs), from Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz, of unknown origin. Cognate with English loaf.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xleb",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́ба",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "хлеба́",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хлебо́в",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бный",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́б",
"roman": "xléb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хлеба́",
"roman": "xlebá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"irregular",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́ба",
"roman": "xléba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хлебо́в",
"roman": "xlebóv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бу",
"roman": "xlébu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хлеба́м",
"roman": "xlebám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́б",
"roman": "xléb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хлеба́",
"roman": "xlebá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"irregular",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бом",
"roman": "xlébom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хлеба́ми",
"roman": "xlebámi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бе",
"roman": "xlébe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хлеба́х",
"roman": "xlebáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "хлѣбъ",
"roman": "xlěb",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "",
"3": "(1)",
"adj": "хле́бный"
},
"expansion": "хлеб • (xleb) m inan (genitive хле́ба, nominative plural хлеба́, genitive plural хлебо́в, relational adjective хле́бный)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 26 31 13 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 26 31 13 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 32 29 12 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
4,
9
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
14,
19
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
22
]
],
"english": "the grain sways in the wind",
"roman": "véter kolýšet xlebá",
"text": "ве́тер колы́шет хлеба́",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"grain"
],
"id": "en-хлеб-ru-noun-LCJAIXtk",
"links": [
[
"grain",
"grain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in the plural) grain"
],
"tags": [
"plural-normally"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 26 31 13 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 26 31 13 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 32 29 12 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
18,
24
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
26,
30
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
26,
30
]
],
"english": "We used to make a living by selling apples.",
"roman": "Ranʹše my zarabatyvali na xleb, prodavaja jabloki.",
"text": "Раньше мы зарабатывали на хлеб, продавая яблоки.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
18,
24
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
18,
22
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
22
]
],
"english": "photography is my living",
"roman": "fotográfija — moj xleb",
"text": "фотогра́фия — мой хлеб",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"food, subsistence, living (cf. breadwinner)"
],
"id": "en-хлеб-ru-noun-5N8RgdNf",
"links": [
[
"food",
"food"
],
[
"subsistence",
"subsistence"
],
[
"living",
"living"
],
[
"breadwinner",
"breadwinner"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) food, subsistence, living (cf. breadwinner)"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[xlʲep]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-хлеб.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/Ru-%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1.ogg/Ru-%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Ru-%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1.ogg"
}
],
"word": "хлеб"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Russian 1-syllable words",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-a nouns",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-c nouns",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns",
"Russian inanimate nouns",
"Russian irregular nouns",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
"Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Russian masculine nouns",
"Russian nouns",
"Russian nouns ending in a consonant with plural -а",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern c",
"Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural",
"Russian terms derived from Gothic",
"Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Russian terms with redundant head parameter",
"Russian terms with unknown etymologies",
"ru:Breads",
"sh:Breads"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ain",
"2": "ヘリェバ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ainu: ヘリェバ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ainu: ヘリェバ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "khleb",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: khleb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: khleb"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "할례쁘",
"bor": "1",
"q1": "Russia"
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: (Russia) 할례쁘 (hallyeppeu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Korean: (Russia) 할례쁘 (hallyeppeu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "列巴",
"3": "",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Mandarin: 列巴 (lièbā)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Northeastern Mandarin"
},
"expansion": "(Northeastern Mandarin)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Mandarin: 列巴 (lièbā) > 大列巴 (dàlièbā) (Northeastern Mandarin)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dalieba",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: dalieba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: dalieba"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "дале́ба",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: дале́ба (daléba)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: дале́ба (daléba)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "esu",
"2": "kelipaq",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yup'ik: kelipaq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Yup'ik: kelipaq"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crp-rsn",
"2": "klæba",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russenorsk: klæba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russenorsk: klæba"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "хлѣбъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "хлѣбъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xlěbъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xlěbъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "got",
"3": "𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hlaibaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "unknown"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "loaf"
},
"expansion": "English loaf",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ), from Proto-Slavic *xlěbъ, from Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs), from Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz, of unknown origin. Cognate with English loaf.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xleb",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́ба",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бы",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бов",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бный",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бушек",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бец",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́б",
"roman": "xléb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бы",
"roman": "xléby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́ба",
"roman": "xléba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бов",
"roman": "xlébov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бу",
"roman": "xlébu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бам",
"roman": "xlébam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́б",
"roman": "xléb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бы",
"roman": "xléby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бом",
"roman": "xlébom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бами",
"roman": "xlébami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бе",
"roman": "xlébe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бах",
"roman": "xlébax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "хлѣбъ",
"roman": "xlěb",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adj": "хле́бный",
"dim": "хле́бушек",
"dim2": "хле́бец"
},
"expansion": "хлеб • (xleb) m inan (genitive хле́ба, nominative plural хле́бы, genitive plural хле́бов, relational adjective хле́бный, diminutive хле́бушек or хле́бец)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bread"
],
"links": [
[
"bread",
"bread"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"loaf"
],
"links": [
[
"loaf",
"loaf"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Saint-Petersburg"
],
"word": "бу́лка"
}
],
"categories": [
"Saint Petersburg Russian"
],
"glosses": [
"black bread, rye bread"
],
"links": [
[
"black",
"black"
],
[
"bread",
"bread"
],
[
"rye",
"rye"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Saint Petersburg) black bread, rye bread"
],
"tags": [
"Saint-Petersburg"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[xlʲep]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-хлеб.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/Ru-%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1.ogg/Ru-%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Ru-%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1.ogg"
}
],
"word": "хлеб"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Russian 1-syllable words",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-a nouns",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-c nouns",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns",
"Russian inanimate nouns",
"Russian irregular nouns",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
"Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Russian masculine nouns",
"Russian nouns",
"Russian nouns ending in a consonant with plural -а",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern c",
"Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural",
"Russian terms derived from Gothic",
"Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Russian terms with redundant head parameter",
"Russian terms with unknown etymologies",
"ru:Breads",
"sh:Breads"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Phrases"
},
{
"roman": "vólʹnyje xlebá",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "во́льные хлеба́"
},
{
"roman": "i to xleb",
"word": "и то хлеб"
},
{
"roman": "xlébom ne kormí",
"word": "хле́бом не корми́"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "хлѣбъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "хлѣбъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xlěbъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xlěbъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "got",
"3": "𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hlaibaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "unknown"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "loaf"
},
"expansion": "English loaf",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ), from Proto-Slavic *xlěbъ, from Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs), from Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz, of unknown origin. Cognate with English loaf.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xleb",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́ба",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "хлеба́",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хлебо́в",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бный",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́б",
"roman": "xléb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хлеба́",
"roman": "xlebá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"irregular",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́ба",
"roman": "xléba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хлебо́в",
"roman": "xlebóv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бу",
"roman": "xlébu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хлеба́м",
"roman": "xlebám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́б",
"roman": "xléb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хлеба́",
"roman": "xlebá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"irregular",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бом",
"roman": "xlébom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хлеба́ми",
"roman": "xlebámi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хле́бе",
"roman": "xlébe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "хлеба́х",
"roman": "xlebáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "хлѣбъ",
"roman": "xlěb",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "",
"3": "(1)",
"adj": "хле́бный"
},
"expansion": "хлеб • (xleb) m inan (genitive хле́ба, nominative plural хлеба́, genitive plural хлебо́в, relational adjective хле́бный)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Russian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
4,
9
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
14,
19
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
22
]
],
"english": "the grain sways in the wind",
"roman": "véter kolýšet xlebá",
"text": "ве́тер колы́шет хлеба́",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"grain"
],
"links": [
[
"grain",
"grain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in the plural) grain"
],
"tags": [
"plural-normally"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Russian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
18,
24
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
26,
30
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
26,
30
]
],
"english": "We used to make a living by selling apples.",
"roman": "Ranʹše my zarabatyvali na xleb, prodavaja jabloki.",
"text": "Раньше мы зарабатывали на хлеб, продавая яблоки.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
18,
24
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
18,
22
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
22
]
],
"english": "photography is my living",
"roman": "fotográfija — moj xleb",
"text": "фотогра́фия — мой хлеб",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"food, subsistence, living (cf. breadwinner)"
],
"links": [
[
"food",
"food"
],
[
"subsistence",
"subsistence"
],
[
"living",
"living"
],
[
"breadwinner",
"breadwinner"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) food, subsistence, living (cf. breadwinner)"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[xlʲep]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-хлеб.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/Ru-%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1.ogg/Ru-%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Ru-%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1.ogg"
}
],
"word": "хлеб"
}
Download raw JSONL data for хлеб meaning in Russian (13.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (a4e883e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.