"кандидат наук" meaning in Russian

See кандидат наук in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [kənʲdʲɪˈdat nɐˈuk]
Etymology: Literally, “candidate of sciences”. Etymology templates: {{m-g|candidate of sciences}} “candidate of sciences”, {{lit|candidate of sciences}} Literally, “candidate of sciences” Head templates: {{ru-noun+|кандида́т|_|нау́к|$|a=an}} кандида́т нау́к • (kandidát naúk) m anim (genitive кандида́та нау́к, nominative plural кандида́ты нау́к, genitive plural кандида́тов нау́к) Forms: кандида́т нау́к [canonical], kandidát naúk [romanization], кандида́та нау́к [genitive], кандида́ты нау́к [nominative, plural], кандида́тов нау́к [genitive, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], кандида́т нау́к [nominative, singular], кандида́ты нау́к [nominative, plural], кандида́та нау́к [genitive, singular], кандида́тов нау́к [genitive, plural], кандида́ту нау́к [dative, singular], кандида́там нау́к [dative, plural], кандида́та нау́к [accusative, singular], кандида́тов нау́к [accusative, plural], кандида́том нау́к [instrumental, singular], кандида́тами нау́к [instrumental, plural], кандида́те нау́к [prepositional, singular], кандида́тах нау́к [plural, prepositional]
  1. Candidate of Sciences (possessor of a Candidate of Sciences degree)
    Sense id: en-кандидат_наук-ru-noun-1PYzYBS2 Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Russian entries with incorrect language header, Russian links with redundant alt parameters, Russian links with redundant wikilinks, Russian nouns with accent pattern a, Academic degrees Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 15 44 42 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 22 40 37 Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 29 38 33 Disambiguation of Russian links with redundant alt parameters: 31 37 32 Disambiguation of Russian links with redundant wikilinks: 32 37 32 Disambiguation of Russian nouns with accent pattern a: 33 35 32 Disambiguation of Academic degrees: 25 39 36
  2. Candidate of Sciences (first of two doctoral level scientific degrees in Russia and some of the Commonwealth of Independent States)
    Sense id: en-кандидат_наук-ru-noun-YAayQGOs Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Russian entries with incorrect language header, Russian links with redundant alt parameters, Russian links with redundant wikilinks, Russian nouns with accent pattern a, Academic degrees, Russia Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 15 44 42 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 22 40 37 Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 29 38 33 Disambiguation of Russian links with redundant alt parameters: 31 37 32 Disambiguation of Russian links with redundant wikilinks: 32 37 32 Disambiguation of Russian nouns with accent pattern a: 33 35 32 Disambiguation of Academic degrees: 25 39 36 Disambiguation of Russia: 0 85 15
  3. (historical) Candidate of Sciences (first of two doctoral level scientific degrees in the USSR and Czechoslovakia) Tags: historical
    Sense id: en-кандидат_наук-ru-noun-Ipu4k2Ke Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Russian entries with incorrect language header, Russian links with redundant alt parameters, Russian links with redundant wikilinks, Russian nouns with accent pattern a, Academic degrees, Czechoslovakia, Soviet Union, Ukraine Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 15 44 42 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 22 40 37 Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 29 38 33 Disambiguation of Russian links with redundant alt parameters: 31 37 32 Disambiguation of Russian links with redundant wikilinks: 32 37 32 Disambiguation of Russian nouns with accent pattern a: 33 35 32 Disambiguation of Academic degrees: 25 39 36 Disambiguation of Czechoslovakia: 0 0 100 Disambiguation of Soviet Union: 3 31 66 Disambiguation of Ukraine: 0 0 100
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Categories (other): Belarus, People Disambiguation of Belarus: 0 0 0 Disambiguation of People: 0 0 0
{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "langcode": "ru",
      "name": "Belarus",
      "orig": "ru:Belarus",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    },
    {
      "_dis": "0 0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "langcode": "ru",
      "name": "People",
      "orig": "ru:People",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "кандыда́т наву́к",
            "cal": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Belarusian: кандыда́т наву́к (kandydát navúk) (calque)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Belarusian: кандыда́т наву́к (kandydát navúk) (calque)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "kandidát věd",
            "cal": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Czech: kandidát věd (calque)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Czech: kandidát věd (calque)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "Candidate of Sciences",
            "cal": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: Candidate of Sciences (calque)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: Candidate of Sciences (calque)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "kandydat nauk",
            "cal": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Polish: kandydat nauk (calque)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Polish: kandydat nauk (calque)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "kandidát vied",
            "cal": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Slovak: kandidát vied (calque)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Slovak: kandidát vied (calque)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "кандида́т нау́к",
            "cal": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ukrainian: кандида́т нау́к (kandydát naúk) (calque)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ukrainian: кандида́т нау́к (kandydát naúk) (calque)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "candidate of sciences"
      },
      "expansion": "“candidate of sciences”",
      "name": "m-g"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "candidate of sciences"
      },
      "expansion": "Literally, “candidate of sciences”",
      "name": "lit"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Literally, “candidate of sciences”.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "кандида́т нау́к",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kandidát naúk",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кандида́та нау́к",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кандида́ты нау́к",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кандида́тов нау́к",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hard-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кандида́т нау́к",
      "roman": "kandidát naúk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кандида́ты нау́к",
      "roman": "kandidáty naúk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кандида́та нау́к",
      "roman": "kandidáta naúk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кандида́тов нау́к",
      "roman": "kandidátov naúk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кандида́ту нау́к",
      "roman": "kandidátu naúk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кандида́там нау́к",
      "roman": "kandidátam naúk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кандида́та нау́к",
      "roman": "kandidáta naúk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кандида́тов нау́к",
      "roman": "kandidátov naúk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кандида́том нау́к",
      "roman": "kandidátom naúk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кандида́тами нау́к",
      "roman": "kandidátami naúk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кандида́те нау́к",
      "roman": "kandidáte naúk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кандида́тах нау́к",
      "roman": "kandidátax naúk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "кандида́т",
        "2": "_",
        "3": "нау́к",
        "4": "$",
        "a": "an"
      },
      "expansion": "кандида́т нау́к • (kandidát naúk) m anim (genitive кандида́та нау́к, nominative plural кандида́ты нау́к, genitive plural кандида́тов нау́к)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 44 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 40 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 38 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 37 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 37 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 35 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 39 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Academic degrees",
          "orig": "ru:Academic degrees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Candidate of Sciences (possessor of a Candidate of Sciences degree)"
      ],
      "id": "en-кандидат_наук-ru-noun-1PYzYBS2",
      "links": [
        [
          "Candidate of Sciences",
          "Candidate of Sciences"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 44 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 40 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 38 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 37 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 37 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 35 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 39 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Academic degrees",
          "orig": "ru:Academic degrees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 85 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Russia",
          "orig": "ru:Russia",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Candidate of Sciences (first of two doctoral level scientific degrees in Russia and some of the Commonwealth of Independent States)"
      ],
      "id": "en-кандидат_наук-ru-noun-YAayQGOs",
      "links": [
        [
          "Candidate of Sciences",
          "Candidate of Sciences"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 44 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 40 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 38 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 37 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 37 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 35 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 39 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Academic degrees",
          "orig": "ru:Academic degrees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Czechoslovakia",
          "orig": "ru:Czechoslovakia",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 31 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Soviet Union",
          "orig": "ru:Soviet Union",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Ukraine",
          "orig": "ru:Ukraine",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Candidate of Sciences (first of two doctoral level scientific degrees in the USSR and Czechoslovakia)"
      ],
      "id": "en-кандидат_наук-ru-noun-Ipu4k2Ke",
      "links": [
        [
          "Candidate of Sciences",
          "Candidate of Sciences"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Candidate of Sciences (first of two doctoral level scientific degrees in the USSR and Czechoslovakia)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[kənʲdʲɪˈdat nɐˈuk]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "кандидат наук"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Russian animate nouns",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-a nouns",
    "Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Russian masculine nouns",
    "Russian multiword terms",
    "Russian nouns",
    "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "ru:Academic degrees",
    "ru:Belarus",
    "ru:Czechoslovakia",
    "ru:People",
    "ru:Russia",
    "ru:Soviet Union",
    "ru:Ukraine"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "кандыда́т наву́к",
            "cal": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Belarusian: кандыда́т наву́к (kandydát navúk) (calque)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Belarusian: кандыда́т наву́к (kandydát navúk) (calque)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "kandidát věd",
            "cal": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Czech: kandidát věd (calque)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Czech: kandidát věd (calque)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "Candidate of Sciences",
            "cal": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: Candidate of Sciences (calque)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: Candidate of Sciences (calque)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "kandydat nauk",
            "cal": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Polish: kandydat nauk (calque)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Polish: kandydat nauk (calque)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "kandidát vied",
            "cal": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Slovak: kandidát vied (calque)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Slovak: kandidát vied (calque)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "кандида́т нау́к",
            "cal": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ukrainian: кандида́т нау́к (kandydát naúk) (calque)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ukrainian: кандида́т нау́к (kandydát naúk) (calque)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "candidate of sciences"
      },
      "expansion": "“candidate of sciences”",
      "name": "m-g"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "candidate of sciences"
      },
      "expansion": "Literally, “candidate of sciences”",
      "name": "lit"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Literally, “candidate of sciences”.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "кандида́т нау́к",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kandidát naúk",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кандида́та нау́к",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кандида́ты нау́к",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кандида́тов нау́к",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hard-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кандида́т нау́к",
      "roman": "kandidát naúk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кандида́ты нау́к",
      "roman": "kandidáty naúk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кандида́та нау́к",
      "roman": "kandidáta naúk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кандида́тов нау́к",
      "roman": "kandidátov naúk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кандида́ту нау́к",
      "roman": "kandidátu naúk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кандида́там нау́к",
      "roman": "kandidátam naúk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кандида́та нау́к",
      "roman": "kandidáta naúk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кандида́тов нау́к",
      "roman": "kandidátov naúk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кандида́том нау́к",
      "roman": "kandidátom naúk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кандида́тами нау́к",
      "roman": "kandidátami naúk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кандида́те нау́к",
      "roman": "kandidáte naúk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кандида́тах нау́к",
      "roman": "kandidátax naúk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "кандида́т",
        "2": "_",
        "3": "нау́к",
        "4": "$",
        "a": "an"
      },
      "expansion": "кандида́т нау́к • (kandidát naúk) m anim (genitive кандида́та нау́к, nominative plural кандида́ты нау́к, genitive plural кандида́тов нау́к)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Candidate of Sciences (possessor of a Candidate of Sciences degree)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Candidate of Sciences",
          "Candidate of Sciences"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Candidate of Sciences (first of two doctoral level scientific degrees in Russia and some of the Commonwealth of Independent States)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Candidate of Sciences",
          "Candidate of Sciences"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Candidate of Sciences (first of two doctoral level scientific degrees in the USSR and Czechoslovakia)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Candidate of Sciences",
          "Candidate of Sciences"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Candidate of Sciences (first of two doctoral level scientific degrees in the USSR and Czechoslovakia)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[kənʲdʲɪˈdat nɐˈuk]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "кандидат наук"
}

Download raw JSONL data for кандидат наук meaning in Russian (5.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (a681f8a and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.