"изгнание" meaning in Russian

See изгнание in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [ɪzɡˈnanʲɪje] Audio: LL-Q7737 (rus)-Rominf-изгнание.wav
Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьzgъnanьje. By surface analysis, изгна́ть (izgnátʹ) + -а́ние (-ánije). Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|ru|sla-pro|*jьzgъnanьje|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *jьzgъnanьje, {{inh+|ru|sla-pro|*jьzgъnanьje}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьzgъnanьje, {{surf|ru|изгна́ть|-а́ние}} By surface analysis, изгна́ть (izgnátʹ) + -а́ние (-ánije) Head templates: {{ru-noun+|изгна́ние}} изгна́ние • (izgnánije) n inan (genitive изгна́ния, nominative plural изгна́ния, genitive plural изгна́ний) Forms: изгна́ние [canonical], izgnánije [romanization], изгна́ния [genitive], изгна́ния [nominative, plural], изгна́ний [genitive, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], изгна́ние [nominative, singular], изгна́ния [nominative, plural], изгна́ния [genitive, singular], изгна́ний [genitive, plural], изгна́нию [dative, singular], изгна́ниям [dative, plural], изгна́ние [accusative, singular], изгна́ния [accusative, plural], изгна́нием [instrumental, singular], изгна́ниями [instrumental, plural], изгна́нии [prepositional, singular], изгна́ниях [plural, prepositional]
  1. exile, deportation
    Sense id: en-изгнание-ru-noun-aKMFg6dO Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Russian entries with incorrect language header, Russian links with redundant alt parameters, Russian links with redundant wikilinks, Russian nouns with accent pattern a, Russian terms suffixed with -ание Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 26 7 7 31 8 8 7 8 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 34 4 4 41 4 4 4 4 Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 37 3 5 44 3 3 3 3 Disambiguation of Russian links with redundant alt parameters: 33 4 6 41 4 4 4 4 Disambiguation of Russian links with redundant wikilinks: 37 3 4 45 3 3 3 3 Disambiguation of Russian nouns with accent pattern a: 17 10 10 20 11 11 10 11 Disambiguation of Russian terms suffixed with -ание: 36 3 3 43 4 4 3 4
  2. expulsion, ejection
    Sense id: en-изгнание-ru-noun-hMKxZllE
  3. banishment, proscription
    Sense id: en-изгнание-ru-noun-W1CbafWQ
  4. expelling
    Sense id: en-изгнание-ru-noun-N~nFDMyr Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Russian entries with incorrect language header, Russian links with redundant alt parameters, Russian links with redundant wikilinks, Russian nouns with accent pattern a, Russian terms suffixed with -ание Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 26 7 7 31 8 8 7 8 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 34 4 4 41 4 4 4 4 Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 37 3 5 44 3 3 3 3 Disambiguation of Russian links with redundant alt parameters: 33 4 6 41 4 4 4 4 Disambiguation of Russian links with redundant wikilinks: 37 3 4 45 3 3 3 3 Disambiguation of Russian nouns with accent pattern a: 17 10 10 20 11 11 10 11 Disambiguation of Russian terms suffixed with -ание: 36 3 3 43 4 4 3 4
  5. ostracism
    Sense id: en-изгнание-ru-noun-Gq~oI6xj Categories (other): Russian nouns with accent pattern a Disambiguation of Russian nouns with accent pattern a: 17 10 10 20 11 11 10 11
  6. eviction
    Sense id: en-изгнание-ru-noun-XMjnJrve Categories (other): Russian nouns with accent pattern a Disambiguation of Russian nouns with accent pattern a: 17 10 10 20 11 11 10 11
  7. excommunication
    Sense id: en-изгнание-ru-noun-Nq3pTUfo
  8. extrusion
    Sense id: en-изгнание-ru-noun-VRScxxqy Categories (other): Russian nouns with accent pattern a Disambiguation of Russian nouns with accent pattern a: 17 10 10 20 11 11 10 11
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: изгоня́ть (izgonjátʹ), изгна́ть (izgnátʹ), изгна́нник (izgnánnik), изгнанница (izgnannica)
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*jьzgъnanьje",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *jьzgъnanьje",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*jьzgъnanьje"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьzgъnanьje",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "изгна́ть",
        "3": "-а́ние"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, изгна́ть (izgnátʹ) + -а́ние (-ánije)",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьzgъnanьje. By surface analysis, изгна́ть (izgnátʹ) + -а́ние (-ánije).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "изгна́ние",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "izgnánije",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "изгна́ния",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "изгна́ния",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "изгна́ний",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "i-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "изгна́ние",
      "roman": "izgnánije",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "изгна́ния",
      "roman": "izgnánija",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "изгна́ния",
      "roman": "izgnánija",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "изгна́ний",
      "roman": "izgnánij",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "изгна́нию",
      "roman": "izgnániju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "изгна́ниям",
      "roman": "izgnánijam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "изгна́ние",
      "roman": "izgnánije",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "изгна́ния",
      "roman": "izgnánija",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "изгна́нием",
      "roman": "izgnánijem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "изгна́ниями",
      "roman": "izgnánijami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "изгна́нии",
      "roman": "izgnánii",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "изгна́ниях",
      "roman": "izgnánijax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "изгна́ние"
      },
      "expansion": "изгна́ние • (izgnánije) n inan (genitive изгна́ния, nominative plural изгна́ния, genitive plural изгна́ний)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "izgonjátʹ",
      "word": "изгоня́ть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "izgnátʹ",
      "word": "изгна́ть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "izgnánnik",
      "word": "изгна́нник"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "izgnannica",
      "word": "изгнанница"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "26 7 7 31 8 8 7 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 4 4 41 4 4 4 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 3 5 44 3 3 3 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 4 6 41 4 4 4 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 3 4 45 3 3 3 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 10 10 20 11 11 10 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "36 3 3 43 4 4 3 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian terms suffixed with -ание",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "exile, deportation"
      ],
      "id": "en-изгнание-ru-noun-aKMFg6dO",
      "links": [
        [
          "exile",
          "exile"
        ],
        [
          "deportation",
          "deportation"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "expulsion, ejection"
      ],
      "id": "en-изгнание-ru-noun-hMKxZllE",
      "links": [
        [
          "expulsion",
          "expulsion"
        ],
        [
          "ejection",
          "ejection"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "banishment, proscription"
      ],
      "id": "en-изгнание-ru-noun-W1CbafWQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "banishment",
          "banishment"
        ],
        [
          "proscription",
          "proscription"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "26 7 7 31 8 8 7 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 4 4 41 4 4 4 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 3 5 44 3 3 3 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 4 6 41 4 4 4 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 3 4 45 3 3 3 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 10 10 20 11 11 10 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "36 3 3 43 4 4 3 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian terms suffixed with -ание",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "expelling"
      ],
      "id": "en-изгнание-ru-noun-N~nFDMyr",
      "links": [
        [
          "expelling",
          "expelling"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "17 10 10 20 11 11 10 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ostracism"
      ],
      "id": "en-изгнание-ru-noun-Gq~oI6xj",
      "links": [
        [
          "ostracism",
          "ostracism"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "17 10 10 20 11 11 10 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "eviction"
      ],
      "id": "en-изгнание-ru-noun-XMjnJrve",
      "links": [
        [
          "eviction",
          "eviction"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "excommunication"
      ],
      "id": "en-изгнание-ru-noun-Nq3pTUfo",
      "links": [
        [
          "excommunication",
          "excommunication"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "17 10 10 20 11 11 10 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "extrusion"
      ],
      "id": "en-изгнание-ru-noun-VRScxxqy",
      "links": [
        [
          "extrusion",
          "extrusion"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ɪzɡˈnanʲɪje]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q7737 (rus)-Rominf-изгнание.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-Rominf-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5.wav/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-Rominf-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-Rominf-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5.wav/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-Rominf-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "изгнание"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Russian 4-syllable words",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian i-stem neuter-form accent-a nouns",
    "Russian i-stem neuter-form nouns",
    "Russian inanimate nouns",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Russian neuter nouns",
    "Russian nouns",
    "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
    "Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Russian terms suffixed with -ание",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*jьzgъnanьje",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *jьzgъnanьje",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*jьzgъnanьje"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьzgъnanьje",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "изгна́ть",
        "3": "-а́ние"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, изгна́ть (izgnátʹ) + -а́ние (-ánije)",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьzgъnanьje. By surface analysis, изгна́ть (izgnátʹ) + -а́ние (-ánije).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "изгна́ние",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "izgnánije",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "изгна́ния",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "изгна́ния",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "изгна́ний",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "i-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "изгна́ние",
      "roman": "izgnánije",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "изгна́ния",
      "roman": "izgnánija",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "изгна́ния",
      "roman": "izgnánija",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "изгна́ний",
      "roman": "izgnánij",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "изгна́нию",
      "roman": "izgnániju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "изгна́ниям",
      "roman": "izgnánijam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "изгна́ние",
      "roman": "izgnánije",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "изгна́ния",
      "roman": "izgnánija",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "изгна́нием",
      "roman": "izgnánijem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "изгна́ниями",
      "roman": "izgnánijami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "изгна́нии",
      "roman": "izgnánii",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "изгна́ниях",
      "roman": "izgnánijax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "изгна́ние"
      },
      "expansion": "изгна́ние • (izgnánije) n inan (genitive изгна́ния, nominative plural изгна́ния, genitive plural изгна́ний)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "izgonjátʹ",
      "word": "изгоня́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "izgnátʹ",
      "word": "изгна́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "izgnánnik",
      "word": "изгна́нник"
    },
    {
      "roman": "izgnannica",
      "word": "изгнанница"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "exile, deportation"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "exile",
          "exile"
        ],
        [
          "deportation",
          "deportation"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "expulsion, ejection"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "expulsion",
          "expulsion"
        ],
        [
          "ejection",
          "ejection"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "banishment, proscription"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "banishment",
          "banishment"
        ],
        [
          "proscription",
          "proscription"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "expelling"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "expelling",
          "expelling"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "ostracism"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ostracism",
          "ostracism"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "eviction"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "eviction",
          "eviction"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "excommunication"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "excommunication",
          "excommunication"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "extrusion"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "extrusion",
          "extrusion"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ɪzɡˈnanʲɪje]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q7737 (rus)-Rominf-изгнание.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-Rominf-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5.wav/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-Rominf-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-Rominf-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5.wav/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-Rominf-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "изгнание"
}

Download raw JSONL data for изгнание meaning in Russian (5.1kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-07-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-07-01 using wiktextract (45c4a21 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.