"голый" meaning in Russian

See голый in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: [ˈɡoɫɨj] Audio: Ru-голый.ogg
Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *golъ, from Proto-Indo-European *gelH- (“naked, bald”), whence English callow. Compare Polish goły, German kahl, Italian calvo, Persian کل (kal). Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|ru|sla-pro|*golъ|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *golъ, {{inh+|ru|sla-pro|*golъ}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *golъ, {{der|ru|ine-pro|*gelH-|t=naked, bald}} Proto-Indo-European *gelH- (“naked, bald”), {{cog|en|callow}} English callow, {{cog|pl|goły}} Polish goły, {{cog|de|kahl}} German kahl, {{cog|it|calvo}} Italian calvo, {{cog|fa|کل|tr=kal}} Persian کل (kal) Head templates: {{ru-adj|го́лый|голе́е|peri}} го́лый • (gólyj) (comparative (по)голе́е or (по)голе́й, superlative [са́мый]]_го́лый origin-го́лый origin_transliteration- " lang="ru">са́мый го́лый) Inflection templates: {{ru-decl-adj|го́лый|c'}} Forms: го́лый [canonical], gólyj [romanization], (по)голе́е [comparative], (по)голе́й [comparative], са́мый го́лый [superlative], no-table-tags [table-tags], го́лый [masculine, nominative], го́лое [neuter, nominative], го́лая [feminine, nominative], го́лые [nominative, plural], го́лого [genitive, masculine, neuter], го́лой [feminine, genitive], го́лых [genitive, plural], го́лому [dative, masculine, neuter], го́лой [dative, feminine], го́лым [dative, plural], го́лого [accusative, animate, masculine], го́лое [accusative, neuter], го́лую [accusative, feminine], го́лых [accusative, animate, plural], го́лый [accusative, inanimate, masculine], го́лые [accusative, inanimate, plural], го́лым [instrumental, masculine, neuter], го́лой [feminine, instrumental], го́лою [feminine, instrumental], го́лыми [instrumental, plural], го́лом [masculine, neuter, prepositional], го́лой [feminine, prepositional], го́лых [plural, prepositional], гол [masculine, short-form], го́ло [neuter, short-form], гола́ [feminine, short-form], голы́ [plural, short-form], го́лы [plural, short-form]
  1. naked, nude, bare Synonyms: наго́й, обнажённый, откры́тый, оголённый, разде́тый, неприкры́тый, непокры́тый, лы́сый
    Sense id: en-голый-ru-adj-4ZrSAGch Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Russian adjectives with short accent pattern cʹ, Russian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 47 53 Disambiguation of Russian adjectives with short accent pattern cʹ: 50 50 Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 48 52
  2. poor, miserable
    Sense id: en-голый-ru-adj-YRDHAksi Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Russian adjectives with short accent pattern cʹ, Russian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 47 53 Disambiguation of Russian adjectives with short accent pattern cʹ: 50 50 Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 48 52
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: гол как соко́л (gol kak sokól) Related terms: голышо́м (golyšóm), оголи́ть (ogolítʹ)
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gol kak sokól",
      "word": "гол как соко́л"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*golъ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *golъ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*golъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *golъ",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gelH-",
        "t": "naked, bald"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gelH- (“naked, bald”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "callow"
      },
      "expansion": "English callow",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "goły"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish goły",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "kahl"
      },
      "expansion": "German kahl",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "calvo"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian calvo",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "کل",
        "tr": "kal"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian کل (kal)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *golъ, from Proto-Indo-European *gelH- (“naked, bald”), whence English callow. Compare Polish goły, German kahl, Italian calvo, Persian کل (kal).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "го́лый",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gólyj",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "(по)голе́е",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "(по)голе́й",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "са́мый го́лый",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-decl-adj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cʹ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лый",
      "roman": "gólyj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лое",
      "roman": "góloje",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лая",
      "roman": "gólaja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лые",
      "roman": "gólyje",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лого",
      "roman": "gólovo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лой",
      "roman": "góloj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лых",
      "roman": "gólyx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лому",
      "roman": "gólomu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лой",
      "roman": "góloj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лым",
      "roman": "gólym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лого",
      "roman": "gólovo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "animate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лое",
      "roman": "góloje",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лую",
      "roman": "góluju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лых",
      "roman": "gólyx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "animate",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лый",
      "roman": "gólyj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лые",
      "roman": "gólyje",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "inanimate",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лым",
      "roman": "gólym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лой",
      "roman": "góloj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лою",
      "roman": "góloju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лыми",
      "roman": "gólymi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лом",
      "roman": "gólom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лой",
      "roman": "góloj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лых",
      "roman": "gólyx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "гол",
      "roman": "gol",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "short-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́ло",
      "roman": "gólo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "short-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "гола́",
      "roman": "golá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "short-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "голы́",
      "roman": "golý",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "short-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лы",
      "roman": "góly",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "short-form"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "го́лый",
        "2": "голе́е",
        "3": "peri"
      },
      "expansion": "го́лый • (gólyj) (comparative (по)голе́е or (по)голе́й, superlative [са́мый]]_го́лый origin-го́лый origin_transliteration- \" lang=\"ru\">са́мый го́лый)",
      "name": "ru-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "го́лый",
        "2": "c'"
      },
      "name": "ru-decl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "golyšóm",
      "word": "голышо́м"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "ogolítʹ",
      "word": "оголи́ть"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "47 53",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian adjectives with short accent pattern cʹ",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "48 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "naked, nude, bare"
      ],
      "id": "en-голый-ru-adj-4ZrSAGch",
      "links": [
        [
          "naked",
          "naked"
        ],
        [
          "nude",
          "nude"
        ],
        [
          "bare",
          "bare"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "наго́й"
        },
        {
          "word": "обнажённый"
        },
        {
          "word": "откры́тый"
        },
        {
          "word": "оголённый"
        },
        {
          "word": "разде́тый"
        },
        {
          "word": "неприкры́тый"
        },
        {
          "word": "непокры́тый"
        },
        {
          "word": "лы́сый"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "47 53",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian adjectives with short accent pattern cʹ",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "48 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "poor, miserable"
      ],
      "id": "en-голый-ru-adj-YRDHAksi",
      "links": [
        [
          "poor",
          "poor"
        ],
        [
          "miserable",
          "miserable"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɡoɫɨj]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-голый.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/Ru-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B9.ogg/Ru-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B9.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Ru-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B9.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "голый"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Russian 2-syllable words",
    "Russian adjectives",
    "Russian adjectives with short accent pattern cʹ",
    "Russian adjectives with short forms",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian hard-stem stem-stressed adjectives",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "gol kak sokól",
      "word": "гол как соко́л"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*golъ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *golъ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*golъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *golъ",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gelH-",
        "t": "naked, bald"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gelH- (“naked, bald”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "callow"
      },
      "expansion": "English callow",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "goły"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish goły",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "kahl"
      },
      "expansion": "German kahl",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "calvo"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian calvo",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "کل",
        "tr": "kal"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian کل (kal)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *golъ, from Proto-Indo-European *gelH- (“naked, bald”), whence English callow. Compare Polish goły, German kahl, Italian calvo, Persian کل (kal).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "го́лый",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gólyj",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "(по)голе́е",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "(по)голе́й",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "са́мый го́лый",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-decl-adj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cʹ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лый",
      "roman": "gólyj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лое",
      "roman": "góloje",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лая",
      "roman": "gólaja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лые",
      "roman": "gólyje",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лого",
      "roman": "gólovo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лой",
      "roman": "góloj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лых",
      "roman": "gólyx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лому",
      "roman": "gólomu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лой",
      "roman": "góloj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лым",
      "roman": "gólym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лого",
      "roman": "gólovo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "animate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лое",
      "roman": "góloje",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лую",
      "roman": "góluju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лых",
      "roman": "gólyx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "animate",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лый",
      "roman": "gólyj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лые",
      "roman": "gólyje",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "inanimate",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лым",
      "roman": "gólym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лой",
      "roman": "góloj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лою",
      "roman": "góloju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лыми",
      "roman": "gólymi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лом",
      "roman": "gólom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лой",
      "roman": "góloj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лых",
      "roman": "gólyx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "гол",
      "roman": "gol",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "short-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́ло",
      "roman": "gólo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "short-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "гола́",
      "roman": "golá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "short-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "голы́",
      "roman": "golý",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "short-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "го́лы",
      "roman": "góly",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "short-form"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "го́лый",
        "2": "голе́е",
        "3": "peri"
      },
      "expansion": "го́лый • (gólyj) (comparative (по)голе́е or (по)голе́й, superlative [са́мый]]_го́лый origin-го́лый origin_transliteration- \" lang=\"ru\">са́мый го́лый)",
      "name": "ru-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "го́лый",
        "2": "c'"
      },
      "name": "ru-decl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "golyšóm",
      "word": "голышо́м"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ogolítʹ",
      "word": "оголи́ть"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "naked, nude, bare"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "naked",
          "naked"
        ],
        [
          "nude",
          "nude"
        ],
        [
          "bare",
          "bare"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "наго́й"
        },
        {
          "word": "обнажённый"
        },
        {
          "word": "откры́тый"
        },
        {
          "word": "оголённый"
        },
        {
          "word": "разде́тый"
        },
        {
          "word": "неприкры́тый"
        },
        {
          "word": "непокры́тый"
        },
        {
          "word": "лы́сый"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "poor, miserable"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "poor",
          "poor"
        ],
        [
          "miserable",
          "miserable"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɡoɫɨj]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-голый.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/Ru-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B9.ogg/Ru-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B9.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Ru-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B9.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "голый"
}

Download raw JSONL data for голый meaning in Russian (6.6kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.