See видный in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "вид",
"3": "-ный"
},
"expansion": "вид (vid) + -ный (-nyj)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "вид (vid) + -ный (-nyj)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ви́дный",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "vídnyj",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "(по)видне́е",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "(по)видне́й",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cʹ*",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дный",
"roman": "vídnyj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дное",
"roman": "vídnoje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дная",
"roman": "vídnaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дные",
"roman": "vídnyje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дного",
"roman": "vídnovo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дной",
"roman": "vídnoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дных",
"roman": "vídnyx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дному",
"roman": "vídnomu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дной",
"roman": "vídnoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дным",
"roman": "vídnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дного",
"roman": "vídnovo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дное",
"roman": "vídnoje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дную",
"roman": "vídnuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дных",
"roman": "vídnyx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дный",
"roman": "vídnyj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дные",
"roman": "vídnyje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дным",
"roman": "vídnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дной",
"roman": "vídnoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дною",
"roman": "vídnoju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дными",
"roman": "vídnymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дном",
"roman": "vídnom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дной",
"roman": "vídnoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дных",
"roman": "vídnyx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́ден",
"roman": "víden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дно",
"roman": "vídno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "видна́",
"roman": "vidná",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "видны́",
"roman": "vidný",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дны",
"roman": "vídny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "aʹ*",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дный",
"roman": "vídnyj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дное",
"roman": "vídnoje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дная",
"roman": "vídnaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дные",
"roman": "vídnyje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дного",
"roman": "vídnovo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дной",
"roman": "vídnoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дных",
"roman": "vídnyx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дному",
"roman": "vídnomu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дной",
"roman": "vídnoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дным",
"roman": "vídnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дного",
"roman": "vídnovo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дное",
"roman": "vídnoje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дную",
"roman": "vídnuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дных",
"roman": "vídnyx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дный",
"roman": "vídnyj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дные",
"roman": "vídnyje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дным",
"roman": "vídnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дной",
"roman": "vídnoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дною",
"roman": "vídnoju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дными",
"roman": "vídnymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дном",
"roman": "vídnom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дной",
"roman": "vídnoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дных",
"roman": "vídnyx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́ден",
"roman": "víden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дно",
"roman": "vídno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "видна́",
"roman": "vidná",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дна",
"roman": "vídna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дны",
"roman": "vídny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"short-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ви́дный",
"2": "видне́е"
},
"expansion": "ви́дный • (vídnyj) (comparative (по)видне́е or (по)видне́й)",
"name": "ru-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ви́дный",
"2": "c'*",
"notes": "* Dated.",
"short_p_tail": "*"
},
"name": "ru-decl-adj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ви́дный",
"2": "a'*"
},
"name": "ru-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 37 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian adjectives with reducible short stem",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 37 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian adjectives with short accent pattern aʹ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 37 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian adjectives with short accent pattern cʹ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 18 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Vision",
"orig": "ru:Vision",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"visible, conspicuous"
],
"id": "en-видный-ru-adj-ZvuiMaU4",
"links": [
[
"visible",
"visible"
],
[
"conspicuous",
"conspicuous"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 37 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian adjectives with reducible short stem",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 37 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian adjectives with short accent pattern aʹ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 37 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian adjectives with short accent pattern cʹ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 87 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian terms suffixed with -ный",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"outstanding, eminent, prominent"
],
"id": "en-видный-ru-adj-u~LFgtFc",
"links": [
[
"outstanding",
"outstanding"
],
[
"eminent",
"eminent"
],
[
"prominent",
"prominent"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 37 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian adjectives with reducible short stem",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 37 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian adjectives with short accent pattern aʹ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 37 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian adjectives with short accent pattern cʹ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stately, portly"
],
"id": "en-видный-ru-adj-U-LtWDuf",
"links": [
[
"stately",
"stately"
],
[
"portly",
"portly"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈvʲidnɨj]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-видный.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/Ru-%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9.ogg/Ru-%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Ru-%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9.ogg"
}
],
"word": "видный"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Russian 2-syllable words",
"Russian adjectives",
"Russian adjectives with reducible short stem",
"Russian adjectives with short accent pattern aʹ",
"Russian adjectives with short accent pattern cʹ",
"Russian adjectives with short forms",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian hard-stem stem-stressed adjectives",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian terms suffixed with -ный",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"ru:Vision"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "вид",
"3": "-ный"
},
"expansion": "вид (vid) + -ный (-nyj)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "вид (vid) + -ный (-nyj)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ви́дный",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "vídnyj",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "(по)видне́е",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "(по)видне́й",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cʹ*",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дный",
"roman": "vídnyj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дное",
"roman": "vídnoje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дная",
"roman": "vídnaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дные",
"roman": "vídnyje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дного",
"roman": "vídnovo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дной",
"roman": "vídnoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дных",
"roman": "vídnyx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дному",
"roman": "vídnomu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дной",
"roman": "vídnoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дным",
"roman": "vídnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дного",
"roman": "vídnovo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дное",
"roman": "vídnoje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дную",
"roman": "vídnuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дных",
"roman": "vídnyx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дный",
"roman": "vídnyj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дные",
"roman": "vídnyje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дным",
"roman": "vídnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дной",
"roman": "vídnoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дною",
"roman": "vídnoju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дными",
"roman": "vídnymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дном",
"roman": "vídnom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дной",
"roman": "vídnoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дных",
"roman": "vídnyx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́ден",
"roman": "víden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дно",
"roman": "vídno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "видна́",
"roman": "vidná",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "видны́",
"roman": "vidný",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дны",
"roman": "vídny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "aʹ*",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дный",
"roman": "vídnyj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дное",
"roman": "vídnoje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дная",
"roman": "vídnaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дные",
"roman": "vídnyje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дного",
"roman": "vídnovo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дной",
"roman": "vídnoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дных",
"roman": "vídnyx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дному",
"roman": "vídnomu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дной",
"roman": "vídnoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дным",
"roman": "vídnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дного",
"roman": "vídnovo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дное",
"roman": "vídnoje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дную",
"roman": "vídnuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дных",
"roman": "vídnyx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дный",
"roman": "vídnyj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дные",
"roman": "vídnyje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дным",
"roman": "vídnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дной",
"roman": "vídnoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дною",
"roman": "vídnoju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дными",
"roman": "vídnymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дном",
"roman": "vídnom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дной",
"roman": "vídnoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дных",
"roman": "vídnyx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́ден",
"roman": "víden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дно",
"roman": "vídno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "видна́",
"roman": "vidná",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дна",
"roman": "vídna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ви́дны",
"roman": "vídny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"short-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ви́дный",
"2": "видне́е"
},
"expansion": "ви́дный • (vídnyj) (comparative (по)видне́е or (по)видне́й)",
"name": "ru-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ви́дный",
"2": "c'*",
"notes": "* Dated.",
"short_p_tail": "*"
},
"name": "ru-decl-adj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ви́дный",
"2": "a'*"
},
"name": "ru-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"visible, conspicuous"
],
"links": [
[
"visible",
"visible"
],
[
"conspicuous",
"conspicuous"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"outstanding, eminent, prominent"
],
"links": [
[
"outstanding",
"outstanding"
],
[
"eminent",
"eminent"
],
[
"prominent",
"prominent"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stately, portly"
],
"links": [
[
"stately",
"stately"
],
[
"portly",
"portly"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈvʲidnɨj]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-видный.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/Ru-%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9.ogg/Ru-%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Ru-%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9.ogg"
}
],
"word": "видный"
}
Download raw JSONL data for видный meaning in Russian (8.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (8b3c49c and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.