"бугор" meaning in Russian

See бугор in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [bʊˈɡor] Audio: Ru-бугор.ogg
Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bugrъ. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ- (“to bend”). Cognates include Ukrainian бугі́р (buhír), Lithuanian baũgurs. Non-Slavic cognates include Sanskrit भुग्न (bhugna, “curved, crooked”), Latin fugio (“I flee, I hasten”), English bow Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|ru|sla-pro|*bugrъ|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *bugrъ, {{inh+|ru|sla-pro|*bugrъ}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bugrъ, {{der|ru|ine-pro|*bʰewgʰ-||to bend}} Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ- (“to bend”), {{cog|uk|бугі́р}} Ukrainian бугі́р (buhír), {{cog|lt|baũgurs}} Lithuanian baũgurs, {{cog|sa|भुग्न|t=curved, crooked}} Sanskrit भुग्न (bhugna, “curved, crooked”), {{cog|la|fugio|t=I flee, I hasten}} Latin fugio (“I flee, I hasten”), {{cog|en|bow}} English bow Head templates: {{ru-noun+|b|буго́р|*|a=ia|dim=бугоро́к}} буго́р • (bugór) m inan or m anim (genitive бугра́, nominative plural бугры́, genitive plural бугро́в, diminutive бугоро́к) Forms: буго́р [canonical], bugór [romanization], бугра́ [genitive], бугры́ [nominative, plural], бугро́в [genitive, plural], бугоро́к [diminutive], no-table-tags [table-tags], буго́р [nominative, singular], бугры́ [nominative, plural], бугра́ [genitive, singular], бугро́в [genitive, plural], бугру́ [dative, singular], бугра́м [dative, plural], бугра́ [accusative, animate, singular], бугро́в [accusative, animate, plural], буго́р [accusative, inanimate, singular], бугры́ [accusative, inanimate, plural], бугро́м [instrumental, singular], бугра́ми [instrumental, plural], бугре́ [prepositional, singular], бугра́х [plural, prepositional]
  1. (inanimate) hill, hillock, knoll Tags: inanimate Categories (topical): Leaders Categories (place): Landforms Synonyms: курга́н, холм
    Sense id: en-бугор-ru-noun-YaJ~CMaq Disambiguation of Leaders: 81 9 9 Disambiguation of Landforms: 88 6 6 Categories (other): Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Russian entries with incorrect language header, Russian links with redundant wikilinks, Russian nouns with accent pattern b, Russian nouns with multiple animacies, Russian nouns with reducible stem Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 56 22 22 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 56 22 22 Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 82 9 9 Disambiguation of Russian links with redundant wikilinks: 92 4 4 Disambiguation of Russian nouns with accent pattern b: 43 29 29 Disambiguation of Russian nouns with multiple animacies: 64 18 18 Disambiguation of Russian nouns with reducible stem: 44 28 28
  2. (inanimate) bump (protuberance) Tags: inanimate Synonyms: ко́чка, ши́шка
    Sense id: en-бугор-ru-noun-sYbPUJdd
  3. (animate, colloquial) big cheese, boss Tags: animate, colloquial
    Sense id: en-бугор-ru-noun-6SroWN5T
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: бугри́стый (bugrístyj), буго́рчатый (bugórčatyj), бугри́ться (bugrítʹsja), за бугро́м (za bugróm), за буго́р (za bugór) 
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "bugrístyj",
      "word": "бугри́стый"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "bugórčatyj",
      "word": "буго́рчатый"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "bugrítʹsja",
      "word": "бугри́ться"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "za bugróm",
      "word": "за бугро́м"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "za bugór",
      "word": "за буго́р"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "izh",
            "2": "bykrä",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ingrian: bykrä",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ingrian: bykrä"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*bugrъ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *bugrъ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*bugrъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bugrъ",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰewgʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to bend"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ- (“to bend”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "бугі́р"
      },
      "expansion": "Ukrainian бугі́р (buhír)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "baũgurs"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian baũgurs",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "भुग्न",
        "t": "curved, crooked"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit भुग्न (bhugna, “curved, crooked”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "fugio",
        "t": "I flee, I hasten"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin fugio (“I flee, I hasten”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "bow"
      },
      "expansion": "English bow",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bugrъ. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ- (“to bend”). Cognates include Ukrainian бугі́р (buhír), Lithuanian baũgurs.\nNon-Slavic cognates include Sanskrit भुग्न (bhugna, “curved, crooked”), Latin fugio (“I flee, I hasten”), English bow",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "буго́р",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugór",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бугра́",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бугры́",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бугро́в",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бугоро́к",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hard-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "буго́р",
      "roman": "bugór",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бугры́",
      "roman": "bugrý",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бугра́",
      "roman": "bugrá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бугро́в",
      "roman": "bugróv",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бугру́",
      "roman": "bugrú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бугра́м",
      "roman": "bugrám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бугра́",
      "roman": "bugrá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "animate",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бугро́в",
      "roman": "bugróv",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "animate",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "буго́р",
      "roman": "bugór",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "inanimate",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бугры́",
      "roman": "bugrý",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "inanimate",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бугро́м",
      "roman": "bugróm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бугра́ми",
      "roman": "bugrámi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бугре́",
      "roman": "bugré",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бугра́х",
      "roman": "bugráx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "b",
        "2": "буго́р",
        "3": "*",
        "a": "ia",
        "dim": "бугоро́к"
      },
      "expansion": "буго́р • (bugór) m inan or m anim (genitive бугра́, nominative plural бугры́, genitive plural бугро́в, diminutive бугоро́к)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "56 22 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "56 22 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "82 9 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "92 4 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "43 29 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern b",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "64 18 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with multiple animacies",
          "parents": [
            "Nouns with multiple animacies",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "44 28 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with reducible stem",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "88 6 6",
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Landforms",
          "orig": "ru:Landforms",
          "parents": [
            "Earth",
            "Places",
            "Nature",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "81 9 9",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Leaders",
          "orig": "ru:Leaders",
          "parents": [
            "People",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hill, hillock, knoll"
      ],
      "id": "en-бугор-ru-noun-YaJ~CMaq",
      "links": [
        [
          "hill",
          "hill"
        ],
        [
          "hillock",
          "hillock"
        ],
        [
          "knoll",
          "knoll"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(inanimate) hill, hillock, knoll"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "курга́н"
        },
        {
          "word": "холм"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "inanimate"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "bump (protuberance)"
      ],
      "id": "en-бугор-ru-noun-sYbPUJdd",
      "links": [
        [
          "bump",
          "bump"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(inanimate) bump (protuberance)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ко́чка"
        },
        {
          "word": "ши́шка"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "inanimate"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "big cheese, boss"
      ],
      "id": "en-бугор-ru-noun-6SroWN5T",
      "links": [
        [
          "big cheese",
          "big cheese"
        ],
        [
          "boss",
          "boss"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(animate, colloquial) big cheese, boss"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "animate",
        "colloquial"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[bʊˈɡor]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-бугор.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/Ru-%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80.ogg/Ru-%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Ru-%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "бугор"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Russian 2-syllable words",
    "Russian animate nouns",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-b nouns",
    "Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns",
    "Russian inanimate nouns",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Russian masculine nouns",
    "Russian nouns",
    "Russian nouns with accent pattern b",
    "Russian nouns with multiple animacies",
    "Russian nouns with reducible stem",
    "Russian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "ru:Landforms",
    "ru:Leaders"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "bugrístyj",
      "word": "бугри́стый"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bugórčatyj",
      "word": "буго́рчатый"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bugrítʹsja",
      "word": "бугри́ться"
    },
    {
      "roman": "za bugróm",
      "word": "за бугро́м"
    },
    {
      "roman": "za bugór",
      "word": "за буго́р"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "izh",
            "2": "bykrä",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ingrian: bykrä",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ingrian: bykrä"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*bugrъ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *bugrъ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*bugrъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bugrъ",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰewgʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to bend"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ- (“to bend”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "бугі́р"
      },
      "expansion": "Ukrainian бугі́р (buhír)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "baũgurs"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian baũgurs",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "भुग्न",
        "t": "curved, crooked"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit भुग्न (bhugna, “curved, crooked”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "fugio",
        "t": "I flee, I hasten"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin fugio (“I flee, I hasten”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "bow"
      },
      "expansion": "English bow",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bugrъ. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ- (“to bend”). Cognates include Ukrainian бугі́р (buhír), Lithuanian baũgurs.\nNon-Slavic cognates include Sanskrit भुग्न (bhugna, “curved, crooked”), Latin fugio (“I flee, I hasten”), English bow",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "буго́р",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugór",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бугра́",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бугры́",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бугро́в",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бугоро́к",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hard-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "буго́р",
      "roman": "bugór",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бугры́",
      "roman": "bugrý",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бугра́",
      "roman": "bugrá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бугро́в",
      "roman": "bugróv",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бугру́",
      "roman": "bugrú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бугра́м",
      "roman": "bugrám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бугра́",
      "roman": "bugrá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "animate",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бугро́в",
      "roman": "bugróv",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "animate",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "буго́р",
      "roman": "bugór",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "inanimate",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бугры́",
      "roman": "bugrý",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "inanimate",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бугро́м",
      "roman": "bugróm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бугра́ми",
      "roman": "bugrámi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бугре́",
      "roman": "bugré",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бугра́х",
      "roman": "bugráx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "b",
        "2": "буго́р",
        "3": "*",
        "a": "ia",
        "dim": "бугоро́к"
      },
      "expansion": "буго́р • (bugór) m inan or m anim (genitive бугра́, nominative plural бугры́, genitive plural бугро́в, diminutive бугоро́к)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hill, hillock, knoll"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hill",
          "hill"
        ],
        [
          "hillock",
          "hillock"
        ],
        [
          "knoll",
          "knoll"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(inanimate) hill, hillock, knoll"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "курга́н"
        },
        {
          "word": "холм"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "inanimate"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "bump (protuberance)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bump",
          "bump"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(inanimate) bump (protuberance)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ко́чка"
        },
        {
          "word": "ши́шка"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "inanimate"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian colloquialisms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "big cheese, boss"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "big cheese",
          "big cheese"
        ],
        [
          "boss",
          "boss"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(animate, colloquial) big cheese, boss"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "animate",
        "colloquial"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[bʊˈɡor]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-бугор.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/Ru-%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80.ogg/Ru-%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Ru-%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "бугор"
}

Download raw JSONL data for бугор meaning in Russian (6.1kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (bb46d54 and 0c3c9f6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.