"аппарат" meaning in Russian

See аппарат in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [ɐpɐˈrat] Audio: Ru-аппарат.ogg
Etymology: Ultimately from Latin apparātus; compare German Apparat, Dutch apparaat (“bureaucracy”). Cognate to English apparatus. Etymology templates: {{der|ru|la|apparātus}} Latin apparātus, {{cog|de|Apparat}} German Apparat, {{cog|nl|apparaat|t=bureaucracy}} Dutch apparaat (“bureaucracy”), {{cog|en|apparatus}} English apparatus Head templates: {{ru-noun+|аппара́т|adj=аппара́тный}} аппара́т • (apparát) m inan (genitive аппара́та, nominative plural аппара́ты, genitive plural аппара́тов, relational adjective аппара́тный) Forms: аппара́т [canonical], apparát [romanization], аппара́та [genitive], аппара́ты [nominative, plural], аппара́тов [genitive, plural], аппара́тный [adjective, relational], no-table-tags [table-tags], аппара́т [nominative, singular], аппара́ты [nominative, plural], аппара́та [genitive, singular], аппара́тов [genitive, plural], аппара́ту [dative, singular], аппара́там [dative, plural], аппара́т [accusative, singular], аппара́ты [accusative, plural], аппара́том [instrumental, singular], аппара́тами [instrumental, plural], аппара́те [prepositional, singular], аппара́тах [plural, prepositional]
  1. apparatus, instrument, device
    Sense id: en-аппарат-ru-noun-k4Y8vcS~ Categories (other): Russian nouns with accent pattern a Disambiguation of Russian nouns with accent pattern a: 44 28 28
  2. camera
    Sense id: en-аппарат-ru-noun-iei5UY2S
  3. (politics) apparat, State organ, the machinery of state bureaucratic administration Categories (topical): Politics
    Sense id: en-аппарат-ru-noun-r57Tg~lb Categories (other): Pages with entries, Russian entries with incorrect language header, Russian links with redundant wikilinks Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 47 1 0 39 1 0 11 Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 25 2 73 Disambiguation of Russian links with redundant wikilinks: 17 2 81 Topics: government, politics
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: аппара́тный (apparátnyj), аппарату́ра (apparatúra), аппара́тчик (apparátčik)
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "apparátnyj",
      "word": "аппара́тный"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "apparatúra",
      "word": "аппарату́ра"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "apparátčik",
      "word": "аппара́тчик"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hy",
            "2": "ապարատ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Armenian: ապարատ (aparat)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Armenian: ապարատ (aparat)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "apparat",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: apparat",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: apparat"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ka",
            "2": "აპარატი",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Georgian: აპარატი (aṗaraṭi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Georgian: აპარატი (aṗaraṭi)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kk",
            "2": "аппарат",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Kazakh: аппарат (apparat)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Kazakh: аппарат (apparat)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ky",
            "2": "аппарат",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Kyrgyz: аппарат (apparat)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Kyrgyz: аппарат (apparat)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mn",
            "2": "аппарат",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Mongolian: аппарат (apparat)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Mongolian: аппарат (apparat)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fa",
            "2": "آپارات",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "âpârât"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Persian: آپارات (âpârât)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Persian: آپارات (âpârât)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tg",
            "2": "аппарат",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Tajik: аппарат (apparat)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Tajik: аппарат (apparat)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tk",
            "2": "apparat",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Turkmen: apparat",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Turkmen: apparat"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ug",
            "2": "ئاپپارات",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Uyghur: ئاپپارات (apparat)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Uyghur: ئاپپارات (apparat)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uz",
            "2": "apparat",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Uzbek: apparat",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Uzbek: apparat"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "apparātus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin apparātus",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Apparat"
      },
      "expansion": "German Apparat",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "apparaat",
        "t": "bureaucracy"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch apparaat (“bureaucracy”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "apparatus"
      },
      "expansion": "English apparatus",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Ultimately from Latin apparātus; compare German Apparat, Dutch apparaat (“bureaucracy”). Cognate to English apparatus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "аппара́т",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "apparát",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "аппара́та",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "аппара́ты",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "аппара́тов",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "аппара́тный",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hard-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "аппара́т",
      "roman": "apparát",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "аппара́ты",
      "roman": "apparáty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "аппара́та",
      "roman": "apparáta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "аппара́тов",
      "roman": "apparátov",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "аппара́ту",
      "roman": "apparátu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "аппара́там",
      "roman": "apparátam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "аппара́т",
      "roman": "apparát",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "аппара́ты",
      "roman": "apparáty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "аппара́том",
      "roman": "apparátom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "аппара́тами",
      "roman": "apparátami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "аппара́те",
      "roman": "apparáte",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "аппара́тах",
      "roman": "apparátax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "аппара́т",
        "adj": "аппара́тный"
      },
      "expansion": "аппара́т • (apparát) m inan (genitive аппара́та, nominative plural аппара́ты, genitive plural аппара́тов, relational adjective аппара́тный)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "44 28 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "apparatus, instrument, device"
      ],
      "id": "en-аппарат-ru-noun-k4Y8vcS~",
      "links": [
        [
          "apparatus",
          "apparatus"
        ],
        [
          "instrument",
          "instrument"
        ],
        [
          "device",
          "device"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "camera"
      ],
      "id": "en-аппарат-ru-noun-iei5UY2S",
      "links": [
        [
          "camera",
          "camera"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Politics",
          "orig": "ru:Politics",
          "parents": [
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "47 1 0 39 1 0 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 2 73",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 2 81",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "State apparat",
          "roman": "Gosudárstvennyj apparát",
          "text": "Госуда́рственный аппара́т",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "military apparat",
          "roman": "Vojénnyj apparát",
          "text": "Вое́нный аппара́т",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "party apparat",
          "roman": "Partíjnyj apparát",
          "text": "Парти́йный аппара́т",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "apparat, State organ, the machinery of state bureaucratic administration"
      ],
      "id": "en-аппарат-ru-noun-r57Tg~lb",
      "links": [
        [
          "politics",
          "politics"
        ],
        [
          "apparat",
          "apparat"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(politics) apparat, State organ, the machinery of state bureaucratic administration"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "government",
        "politics"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ɐpɐˈrat]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-аппарат.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/Ru-%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82.ogg/Ru-%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Ru-%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "аппарат"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Russian 3-syllable words",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-a nouns",
    "Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns",
    "Russian inanimate nouns",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Russian masculine nouns",
    "Russian nouns",
    "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
    "Russian terms derived from Latin",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "apparátnyj",
      "word": "аппара́тный"
    },
    {
      "roman": "apparatúra",
      "word": "аппарату́ра"
    },
    {
      "roman": "apparátčik",
      "word": "аппара́тчик"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hy",
            "2": "ապարատ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Armenian: ապարատ (aparat)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Armenian: ապարատ (aparat)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "apparat",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: apparat",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: apparat"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ka",
            "2": "აპარატი",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Georgian: აპარატი (aṗaraṭi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Georgian: აპარატი (aṗaraṭi)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kk",
            "2": "аппарат",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Kazakh: аппарат (apparat)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Kazakh: аппарат (apparat)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ky",
            "2": "аппарат",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Kyrgyz: аппарат (apparat)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Kyrgyz: аппарат (apparat)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mn",
            "2": "аппарат",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Mongolian: аппарат (apparat)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Mongolian: аппарат (apparat)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fa",
            "2": "آپارات",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "âpârât"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Persian: آپارات (âpârât)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Persian: آپارات (âpârât)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tg",
            "2": "аппарат",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Tajik: аппарат (apparat)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Tajik: аппарат (apparat)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tk",
            "2": "apparat",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Turkmen: apparat",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Turkmen: apparat"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ug",
            "2": "ئاپپارات",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Uyghur: ئاپپارات (apparat)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Uyghur: ئاپپارات (apparat)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uz",
            "2": "apparat",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Uzbek: apparat",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Uzbek: apparat"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "apparātus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin apparātus",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Apparat"
      },
      "expansion": "German Apparat",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "apparaat",
        "t": "bureaucracy"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch apparaat (“bureaucracy”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "apparatus"
      },
      "expansion": "English apparatus",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Ultimately from Latin apparātus; compare German Apparat, Dutch apparaat (“bureaucracy”). Cognate to English apparatus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "аппара́т",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "apparát",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "аппара́та",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "аппара́ты",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "аппара́тов",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "аппара́тный",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hard-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "аппара́т",
      "roman": "apparát",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "аппара́ты",
      "roman": "apparáty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "аппара́та",
      "roman": "apparáta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "аппара́тов",
      "roman": "apparátov",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "аппара́ту",
      "roman": "apparátu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "аппара́там",
      "roman": "apparátam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "аппара́т",
      "roman": "apparát",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "аппара́ты",
      "roman": "apparáty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "аппара́том",
      "roman": "apparátom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "аппара́тами",
      "roman": "apparátami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "аппара́те",
      "roman": "apparáte",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "аппара́тах",
      "roman": "apparátax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "аппара́т",
        "adj": "аппара́тный"
      },
      "expansion": "аппара́т • (apparát) m inan (genitive аппара́та, nominative plural аппара́ты, genitive plural аппара́тов, relational adjective аппара́тный)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "apparatus, instrument, device"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "apparatus",
          "apparatus"
        ],
        [
          "instrument",
          "instrument"
        ],
        [
          "device",
          "device"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "camera"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "camera",
          "camera"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian terms with usage examples",
        "ru:Politics"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "State apparat",
          "roman": "Gosudárstvennyj apparát",
          "text": "Госуда́рственный аппара́т",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "military apparat",
          "roman": "Vojénnyj apparát",
          "text": "Вое́нный аппара́т",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "party apparat",
          "roman": "Partíjnyj apparát",
          "text": "Парти́йный аппара́т",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "apparat, State organ, the machinery of state bureaucratic administration"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "politics",
          "politics"
        ],
        [
          "apparat",
          "apparat"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(politics) apparat, State organ, the machinery of state bureaucratic administration"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "government",
        "politics"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ɐpɐˈrat]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-аппарат.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/Ru-%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82.ogg/Ru-%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Ru-%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "аппарат"
}

Download raw JSONL data for аппарат meaning in Russian (7.1kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.