Israel

Israel (accusative indefinite nominative)
Israelul (accusative definite nominative)
Israel (indefinite)
Israelului (definite)
Israelule (vocative)

Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)


Estonia

Estonie (accusative indefinite nominative)
Estonia (accusative definite nominative)
Estonii (indefinite)
Estoniei (definite)
Estonie (vocative)
Estonio (vocative)


Austria

Austrie (accusative indefinite nominative)
Austria (accusative definite nominative)
Austrii (indefinite)
Austriei (definite)
Austrie (vocative)
Austrio (vocative)


Andorra

Andorră (accusative indefinite nominative)
Andorra (accusative definite nominative)
Andorre (indefinite)
Andorrei (definite)
Andorră (vocative)
Andorro (vocative)

Andorra (a microstate in Southern Europe, between Spain and France)


Albania

head

Albania f (genitive and dative Albaniei)

Albaniei (dative genitive)
Albanie (accusative indefinite nominative)
Albania (accusative definite nominative)
Albanii (indefinite)
Albaniei (definite)
Albanie (vocative)
Albanio (vocative)

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Republica Albania
Republica Albania#Romanian

Albania (a country in Southeast Europe; official name: Republica Albania)


Armenia

Armenie (accusative indefinite nominative)
Armenia (accusative definite nominative)
Armenii (indefinite)
Armeniei (definite)
Armenie (vocative)
Armenio (vocative)

Borrowed from Latin Armenia. By surface analysis, armean + -ia.

Armenia (A country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


Bulgaria

Bulgarie (accusative indefinite nominative)
Bulgaria (accusative definite nominative)
Bulgarii (indefinite)
Bulgariei (definite)
Bulgarie (vocative)
Bulgario (vocative)

Bulgaria (a country in Southeast Europe)


Bahrain

Bahrain (an archipelago, island, and country in Western Asia, in the Persian Gulf)


China

Borrowed from Greek Κίνα (Kína), ultimately from Sanskrit चीन (cīna).


Iran

Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein (accusative indefinite nominative)
Liechtensteinul (accusative definite nominative)
Liechtenstein (indefinite)
Liechtensteinului (definite)
Liechtensteinule (vocative)

Liechtenstein (a microstate in Central Europe)


Monaco

Monaco (accusative indefinite nominative)
Monacoul (accusative definite nominative)
Monaco (indefinite)
Monacoului (definite)
Monacoule (vocative)


Malta

Maltă (accusative indefinite nominative)
Malta (accusative definite nominative)
Malte (indefinite)
Maltei (definite)
Maltă (vocative)
Malto (vocative)

Malta (an island country in Southern Europe)

Malta (The largest island in the Maltese Archipelago)


Slovenia

Slovenie (accusative indefinite nominative)
Slovenia (accusative definite nominative)
Slovenii (indefinite)
Sloveniei (definite)
Slovenie (vocative)
Slovenio (vocative)

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Slovenia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Central Europe)


San Marino

San Marino (accusative indefinite nominative)
San Marinoul (accusative definite nominative)
San Marino (indefinite)
San Marinoului (definite)
San Marinoule (vocative)

San Marino (the capital city of San Marino)


URSS

Initialism of Uniunea Republicilor Sovietice Socialiste.


Belarus

Belarus (accusative indefinite nominative)
Belarusul (accusative definite nominative)
Belarus (indefinite)
Belarusului (definite)
Belarusule (vocative)


Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan (a country in Central Asia)


Wales

Wales (a country in northwestern Europe, a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka (an island and country in South Asia, off the coast of India)


Georgia

Georgie (accusative indefinite nominative)
Georgia (accusative definite nominative)
Georgii (indefinite)
Georgiei (definite)
Georgie (vocative)
Georgio (vocative)

Georgia (A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)

Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)


Moldova

Moldovă (accusative indefinite nominative)
Moldova (accusative definite nominative)
Moldove (indefinite)
Moldovei (definite)
Moldovă (vocative)
Moldovo (vocative)

Of unclear origin. The suffix -ova is probably of Slavic origin. Theories about the first element:
* It is possibly ultimately from Gothic 𐌼𐌿𐌻𐌳𐌰 (mulda, “dust, mud”) (possibly Moldavia); compare the river Mulde in Germany and Moldau, the German name of the river Vltava, which may be of related origin.
* Alternatively, it may be related to Romanian molid (“spruce”), though the loss of the i in this word is difficult to explain.
* A folk etymology, according to Dimitrie Cantemir, says the name of the Moldova River comes from Prince Dragoș, after his hound Molda, who drowned in it while attempting to hunt an aurochs.
* The Romanian people may have called themselves "Moldoveni" or "Munteni" (literally "of the mountains") so Moldova may alternatively derive from a Thracian-Illyrian language, from *mol (“mountain”) + *dava (“town”).
For more theories see Name of Moldova on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Republica Moldova
Republica Moldova#Romanian

Moldova (a country in Eastern Europe; official name: Republica Moldova)

Western Moldavia
Western Moldavia#English

Moldova, Western Moldavia (a region in eastern Romania adjacent to the country of Moldova, once part of the principality of Moldova)


Macedonia

Macedonia (accusative nominative uncountable)
Macedoniei (dative genitive uncountable)


Catalonia

Catalonie (accusative indefinite nominative)
Catalonia (accusative definite nominative)
Catalonii (indefinite)
Cataloniei (definite)
Catalonie (vocative)
Catalonio (vocative)

autonomous community
autonomous community

Catalonia (an autonomous community of Spain)


Asia

Asie (accusative indefinite nominative)
Asia (accusative definite nominative)
Asii (indefinite)
Asiei (definite)
Asie (vocative)
Asio (vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀσία (Asía).


Amsterdam

Amsterdam (accusative indefinite nominative)
Amsterdamul (accusative definite nominative)
Amsterdam (indefinite)
Amsterdamului (definite)
Amsterdamule (vocative)

Amsterdam (a city and municipality of North Holland, Netherlands; capital city of the Netherlands)


Paris

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


Emiratele Arabe Unite

LL-Q7913 (ron)-KlaudiuMihaila-Emiratele Arabe Unite.wav

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English

the United Arab Emirates (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Barcelona

Barcelona (the capital city of Catalonia, Spain)


Berlin

Berlin (accusative indefinite nominative)
Berlinul (accusative definite nominative)
Berlin (indefinite)
Berlinului (definite)
Berlinule (vocative)

Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)

Berlin (a state of Germany, containing the capital city)


Sardinia

Sardinie (accusative indefinite nominative)
Sardinia (accusative definite nominative)
Sardinii (indefinite)
Sardiniei (definite)
Sardinie (vocative)
Sardinio (vocative)

Sardinia (an island and autonomous region of Italy, in the Mediterranean Sea)


Siberia

Siberia (accusative nominative uncountable)
Siberiei (dative genitive uncountable)


Cluj

Cluj (accusative indefinite nominative)
Clujul (accusative definite nominative)
Cluj (indefinite)
Clujului (definite)
Clujule (vocative)

Compare the Hungarian name for the town, Hungarian Kolozsvár (cp.vár), and the German Klausenburg (cp. Burg). Alternative forms in older Romanian include Cluș.
May be derived from a Slavic diminutive of Nicholas, compare Czech Mikluš, ultimately from Ancient Greek Νικόλαος (Nikólaos).
Alternately, may be derived from Latin clausa, clusa, from clausus or clusus through an intermediate; compare the medieval Latin name for the town, Castrum Clus. See also Proto-Slavic *kľũčь (“key”).
The official name of the city is Cluj-Napoca, with the name of the Roman settlement Napoca added in 1974, but this form is rarely used outside of official contexts.


Egipt

Egipt (accusative indefinite nominative)
Egiptul (accusative definite nominative)
Egipt (indefinite)
Egiptului (definite)
Egiptule (vocative)

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


Belgia

Belgie (accusative indefinite nominative)
Belgia (accusative definite nominative)
Belgii (indefinite)
Belgiei (definite)
Belgie (vocative)
Belgio (vocative)

Belgium (a country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France)


Rusia

Rusie (accusative indefinite nominative)
Rusia (accusative definite nominative)
Rusii (indefinite)
Rusiei (definite)
Rusie (vocative)
Rusio (vocative)

→ Vlax Romani: Řusỳja (< Early Romanian *Rrusî́ia)

From Medieval Latin Russia, from Old East Slavic Русь (Rusĭ, “Varangians, inhabitants of Rus”). Equivalent to rus + -ia.
From Old Romanian Rusia, where -i- is stressed, from Early Romanian *Rrusî́ia, from South Slavic dialect Rusȉja (> Serbo-Croatian Rùsija).

der

Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


Italia

Italie (accusative indefinite nominative)
Italia (accusative definite nominative)
Italii (indefinite)
Italiei (definite)
Italie (vocative)
Italio (vocative)


Marsilia

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

Marseille (the capital city of the Bouches-du-Rhône department, France; capital city of the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur)


Franța

Franță (accusative indefinite nominative)
Franța (accusative definite nominative)
Franțe (indefinite)
Franței (definite)
Franță (vocative)
Franțo (vocative)


Lombardia

Borrowed from Italian Lombardia. By surface analysis, lombard + -ia.

administrative region
administrative region

Lombardy (an administrative region in northern Italy, where its capital and the largest city Milan is founded in the Po Valley)


Europa

Europă (accusative indefinite nominative)
Europa (accusative definite nominative)
Europe (indefinite)
Europei (definite)
Europă (vocative)
Europo (vocative)


Grecia

Grecie (accusative indefinite nominative)
Grecia (accusative definite nominative)
Grecii (indefinite)
Greciei (definite)
Grecie (vocative)
Grecio (vocative)

Borrowed from Latin Graecia, from Ancient Greek Γραικός (Graikós). Equivalent to grec + -ia. Compare Aromanian Gãrtsia.


Siria

From Latin Syria, from Ancient Greek Συρία (Suría).

Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


Irak

Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


UE

Uniunea Europeană
Uniunea Europeană#Romanian


Beijing

Beijing (accusative indefinite nominative)
Beijingul (accusative definite nominative)
Beijing (indefinite)
Beijingului (definite)
Beijingule (vocative)

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


Vatican

Vatican (accusative indefinite nominative)
Vaticanul (accusative definite nominative)
Vatican (indefinite)
Vaticanului (definite)
Vaticanule (vocative)

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


Ucraina

Ucraină (accusative indefinite nominative)
Ucraina (accusative definite nominative)
Ucraine (indefinite)
Ucrainei (definite)
Ucraină (vocative)
Ucraino (vocative)

Ukraine (a country in Eastern Europe, bordering on the north shore of the Black Sea)


Londra

Londră (accusative indefinite nominative)
Londra (accusative definite nominative)
Londre (indefinite)
Londrei (definite)
Londră (vocative)
Londro (vocative)

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; capital city of England)


Germania

Germanie (accusative indefinite nominative)
Germania (accusative definite nominative)
Germanii (indefinite)
Germaniei (definite)
Germanie (vocative)
Germanio (vocative)

From Latin Germānia. Equivalent to german + -ia.

Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


Polonia

Polonie (accusative indefinite nominative)
Polonia (accusative definite nominative)
Polonii (indefinite)
Poloniei (definite)
Polonie (vocative)
Polonio (vocative)

From Medieval Latin Polonia. By surface analysis, polon + -ia.


Serbia

Serbie (accusative indefinite nominative)
Serbia (accusative definite nominative)
Serbii (indefinite)
Serbiei (definite)
Serbie (vocative)
Serbio (vocative)

Serbia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Afganistan

Afghanistan (A landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia)


Alba

Alba (accusative indefinite nominative)
Albaua (accusative definite nominative)
Albale (indefinite)
Albalei (definite)
Alba (vocative)

From alba, definite feminine form of alb.


Reunion

Réunion (an island, overseas department, and administrative region of France, located in the Indian Ocean to the west of Mauritius and to the east of Madagascar)


Norvegia

Norvegie (accusative indefinite nominative)
Norvegia (accusative definite nominative)
Norvegii (indefinite)
Norvegiei (definite)
Norvegie (vocative)
Norvegio (vocative)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin Norvegia, from Old Norse Norvegr (“north way”) (see Norway).

Norway (a country in Scandinavia, in northern Europe)


Japonia

Japan (an archipelago and country off the eastern coast of Asia)


Молдова

Moldova (romanization)
Молдова (accusative nominative uncountable)
Молдовей (dative genitive uncountable)

Post-1930s Cyrillic spelling of Moldova. Moldova (a country in Eastern Europe)


Италия

Italia (romanization)
Италия (accusative nominative uncountable)
Италией (dative genitive uncountable)

Cyrillic spelling of Italia.: Italy (a country in Southern Europe)


Kazahstan

Kazahstan (accusative indefinite nominative)
Kazahstanul (accusative definite nominative)
Kazahstan (indefinite)
Kazahstanului (definite)
Kazahstanule (vocative)

Kazakhstan (a country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe)


Luxemburg

Luxemburg (accusative indefinite nominative)
Luxemburgul (accusative definite nominative)
Luxemburg (indefinite)
Luxemburgului (definite)
Luxemburgule (vocative)

Luxembourg (a small country in Western Europe)

Luxembourg (a province of Wallonia, Belgium)

Luxembourg, Luxembourg City (the capital city of Luxembourg)

Luxembourg (One of the twelve cantons of the country of Luxembourg, which includes its capital city)


Spania

Spanie (accusative indefinite nominative)
Spania (accusative definite nominative)
Spanii (indefinite)
Spaniei (definite)
Spanie (vocative)
Spanio (vocative)

Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


Liban

Lebanon (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Kosovo

Kosovo (A partly-recognized country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


dirham

dirhami (plural)
dirham (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
dirhamul (accusative definite nominative singular)
dirhami (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
dirhamii (accusative definite nominative plural)
dirham (indefinite singular)
dirhamului (definite singular)
dirhami (indefinite singular)
dirhamilor (definite plural)
dirhamule (singular vocative)
dirhamilor (vocative)


Portugalia

Portugalie (accusative indefinite nominative)
Portugalia (accusative definite nominative)
Portugalii (indefinite)
Portugaliei (definite)
Portugalie (vocative)
Portugalio (vocative)


Praga

Prague (the capital city of the Czech Republic)


Irlanda

Irlandă (accusative indefinite nominative)
Irlanda (accusative definite nominative)
Irlande (indefinite)
Irlandei (definite)
Irlandă (vocative)
Irlando (vocative)


Croația

Croație (accusative indefinite nominative)
Croația (accusative definite nominative)
Croații (indefinite)
Croației (definite)
Croație (vocative)
Croațio (vocative)

Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


București

head

București m (definite nominative and accusative Bucureștiul, definite genitive and dative Bucureștiului, vocative Bucureștiule)

Bucureștiul (accusative definite nominative)
Bucureștiului (dative definite genitive)
Bucureștiule (vocative)
București (accusative indefinite nominative)
Bucureștiul (accusative definite nominative)
București (indefinite)
Bucureștiului (definite)
Bucureștiule (vocative)

From Bucur (a male given name) + -ești (patronymic or placename suffix). Bucur is the legendary shepherd who is said to have founded the city: his name is often considered to be related to bucurie (“joy”) and bucura (“to become glad”), either of Albanian or Dacian origin, but it may alternatively be derived from a lost word in Romanian relating to pastoral life, ultimately linked to Latin būculus (“young bullock, steer”), diminutive of bōs (“ox, cow”). Compare Old French bugle, French beugler.


Letonia

Letonie (accusative indefinite nominative)
Letonia (accusative definite nominative)
Letonii (indefinite)
Letoniei (definite)
Letonie (vocative)
Letonio (vocative)

Latvia (a country in Eastern Europe; capital and largest city: Riga)


Lituania

Lituanie (accusative indefinite nominative)
Lituania (accusative definite nominative)
Lituanii (indefinite)
Lituaniei (definite)
Lituanie (vocative)
Lituanio (vocative)


Islanda

Islandă (accusative indefinite nominative)
Islanda (accusative definite nominative)
Islande (indefinite)
Islandei (definite)
Islandă (vocative)
Islando (vocative)

Iceland (an island and country in Europe; capital and largest city: Reykjavík)


România

României (dative genitive)
Românie (accusative indefinite nominative)
România (accusative definite nominative)
Românii (indefinite)
României (definite)
Românie (vocative)
Românio (vocative)

→ English: România

From român + -ia, from the definite form of -ie; român (“Romanian”) derives from Latin Romanus. See also Țara Românească, an older name for the country.

România e o țară foarte frumoasă.

Limba României și a poporului ei, nesurprinzător, se numește română.
The language of Romania and her people, unsurprisingly, is called Romanian.


Transnistria

Transnistria (accusative nominative uncountable)
Transnistriei (dative genitive uncountable)

Transnistria (a breakaway country in Moldova)


Birmania

From New Latin Birmania. By surface analysis, birman + -ia.


Finlanda

Finlandă (accusative indefinite nominative)
Finlanda (accusative definite nominative)
Finlande (indefinite)
Finlandei (definite)
Finlandă (vocative)
Finlando (vocative)

Finland (a country in Northern Europe; capital and largest city: Helsinki)


Elveția

Elveție (accusative indefinite nominative)
Elveția (accusative definite nominative)
Elveții (indefinite)
Elveției (definite)
Elveție (vocative)
Elvețio (vocative)

Borrowed from Greek Ελβετία (Elvetía), from Latin Helvetia.

Switzerland (a country in Western Europe and Central Europe)


Kuweit

Kuweit (accusative indefinite nominative)
Kuweitul (accusative definite nominative)
Kuweit (indefinite)
Kuweitului (definite)
Kuweitule (vocative)

Kuwait (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Timorul de Est

Timorul de Est (accusative nominative uncountable)
Timorului de Est (dative genitive uncountable)

LL-Q7913 (ron)-KlaudiuMihaila-Timorul de Est.wav

East Timor (a country in Southeast Asia occupying half the island of Timor)


Iordania

Iordania (accusative nominative uncountable)
Iordaniei (dative genitive uncountable)

Jordan (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Europa Centrală

Europa Centrală (accusative nominative uncountable)
Europei Centrale (dative genitive uncountable)


Europa de Nord

Europa de Nord (accusative nominative uncountable)
Europei de Nord (dative genitive uncountable)


Europa de Sud

Europa de Sud (accusative nominative uncountable)
Europei de Sud (dative genitive uncountable)


Europa de Est

Europa de Est (accusative nominative uncountable)
Europei de Est (dative genitive uncountable)


Europa de Vest

Europa de Vest (accusative nominative uncountable)
Europei de Vest (dative genitive uncountable)


Moscova

Moscova (accusative nominative uncountable)
Moscovei (dative genitive uncountable)

Moscow (a federal city, the capital of Russia)


Azerbaidjan

Azerbaidjan (accusative indefinite nominative)
Azerbaidjanul (accusative definite nominative)
Azerbaidjan (indefinite)
Azerbaidjanului (definite)
Azerbaidjanule (vocative)

Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus, Asia and Europe)


Cambodgia

Cambodgia (accusative nominative uncountable)
Cambodgiei (dative genitive uncountable)


Republica Cehă

Republica Cehă (accusative nominative uncountable)
Republicii Cehe (dative genitive uncountable)

Czech Republic
Czech Republic#English:_Q213

Czech Republic (a country in Central Europe)


Coreea

Coreea (accusative nominative uncountable)
Coreei (dative genitive uncountable)

Korea (two countries in Asia, North Korea and South Korea)


Русия

Rusia (romanization)
Русия (accusative nominative uncountable)
Русией (dative genitive uncountable)

Post-1930s Cyrillic spelling of Rusia.: Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


Atena

Atenă (accusative indefinite nominative)
Atena (accusative definite nominative)
Atene (indefinite)
Atenei (definite)
Atenă (vocative)
Ateno (vocative)


Ungaria

Ungarie (accusative indefinite nominative)
Ungaria (accusative definite nominative)
Ungarii (indefinite)
Ungariei (definite)
Ungarie (vocative)
Ungario (vocative)

Republica Ungară
Republica Ungară#Romanian

Hungary (a country in Central Europe; official name: Republica Ungară)


Manciuria

head

Manciuria f (genitive and dative Manciuriei)

Manciuriei (dative genitive)
Manciuria (accusative nominative uncountable)
Manciuriei (dative genitive uncountable)


Budapesta

Budapesta f (genitive and dative Budapestei)

Budapestei (dative genitive)
Budapestă (accusative indefinite nominative)
Budapesta (accusative definite nominative)
Budapeste (indefinite)
Budapestei (definite)
Budapestă (vocative)
Budapesto (vocative)


Viena

Borrowed from Italian Vienna or French Vienne, from Latin Vindobona, ultimately from Celtic. Replaced earlier Beci, Beciu, borrowed from Hungarian Bécs.


Suedia

Suedie (accusative indefinite nominative)
Suedia (accusative definite nominative)
Suedii (indefinite)
Suediei (definite)
Suedie (vocative)
Suedio (vocative)


Danemarca

Danemarcă (accusative indefinite nominative)
Danemarca (accusative definite nominative)
Danemarce (indefinite)
Danemarcei (definite)
Danemarcă (vocative)
Danemarco (vocative)


Arad

Arad (accusative indefinite nominative)
Aradul (accusative definite nominative)
Arad (indefinite)
Aradului (definite)
Aradule (vocative)

Borrowed from Hungarian Arad, its first ispán.


Haga

The Hague (the administrative capital of the Netherlands)


Elba

Elbă (accusative indefinite nominative)
Elba (accusative definite nominative)
Elbe (indefinite)
Elbei (definite)
Elbă (vocative)
Elbo (vocative)


Normandia

From French Normandie. By surface analysis, normand + -ia.

Normandy (an administrative region, historical province, and medieval kingdom in northwest France, on the English Channel)


Martinica

Martinique (an island, overseas department, and administrative region of France, in the Caribbean)


Țările de Jos

Ţările de Jos (canonical feminine plural)
Țările de Jos (accusative nominative uncountable)
Țărilor de Jos (dative genitive uncountable)

Kingdom of the Netherlands
Kingdom of the Netherlands#English

constituent countries
constituent country

Netherlands (The main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located primarily in Western Europe bordering Germany and Belgium)

Netherlands, Kingdom of the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe, consisting of four constituent countries: the Netherlands per se, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten)


Cipru

Cipru (accusative indefinite nominative)
Ciprul (accusative definite nominative)
Cipru (indefinite)
Ciprului (definite)
Ciprule (vocative)

Cyprus (an island and country in the Mediterranean Sea, normally considered politically part of Southeast Europe but geographically part of Western Asia)


Bosnia și Herțegovina

LL-Q7913 (ron)-KlaudiuMihaila-Bosnia și Herțegovina.wav

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English:_Q225

Bosnia and Herzegovina (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Cehia

Cehie (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
Cehia (accusative definite nominative singular)
Cehii (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
Cehiile (accusative definite nominative plural)
Cehii (indefinite singular)
Cehiei (definite singular)
Cehiilor (definite plural)
Cehie (singular vocative)
Cehio (singular vocative)
Cehiilor (vocative)

Czech Republic, Czechia (a country in Central Europe; official name: Republica Cehă)


Turcia

Turcie (accusative indefinite nominative)
Turcia (accusative definite nominative)
Turcii (indefinite)
Turciei (definite)
Turcie (vocative)
Turcio (vocative)

From Latin Turcia. By surface analysis, turc + -ia

Turkey (a country located in eastern Thrace in southeastern Europe and Anatolia in southwestern Asia)


birman

ro-adj

birman m or n (feminine singular birmană, masculine plural birmani, feminine and neuter plural birmane)

birmană (feminine singular)
birmani (masculine plural)
birmane (feminine neuter plural)
birman (indefinite masculine neuter singular)
birmană (feminine indefinite singular)
birmani (indefinite masculine singular)
birmane (feminine indefinite neuter plural)
birmanul (definite masculine neuter singular)
birmana (definite feminine singular)
birmanii (definite masculine singular)
birmanele (definite feminine neuter plural)
birmane (feminine indefinite singular)
birmanului (definite masculine neuter singular)
birmanei (definite feminine singular)
birmanilor (definite masculine singular)
birmanelor (definite feminine neuter plural)


Slovacia

Romanie (accusative indefinite nominative)
Romania (accusative definite nominative)
Romanii (indefinite)
Romaniei (definite)
Romanie (vocative)
Romanio (vocative)


Arabia Saudită

Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


lamaism

lamaism (accusative indefinite nominative)
lamaismul (accusative definite nominative)
lamaism (indefinite)
lamaismului (definite)
lamaismule (vocative)

Borrowed from French lamaïsme. By surface analysis, lama + -ism.


Misir

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish مصر (mısır), from Arabic مِصْر (miṣr).

bor+

(dated) Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


Indonezia

Indonesia (a country and archipelago in maritime Southeast Asia)


Olt

Oltului (dative genitive)
Olt (accusative indefinite nominative)
Oltul (accusative definite nominative)
Olt (indefinite)
Oltului (definite)
Oltule (vocative)

Uncertain. The name has been used since the ancient times, but the phonetic change a > o appears to indicate that the word reached Romanian through a Slavic intermediary (similar to the change from acetum to oțet). Direct inheritance from Latin would have yielded *Arută.
Ancient recorded variants include: Ancient Greek Aλoύτα (Aloúta) (Strabo), Ancient Greek Aλoύταζ (Aloútaz) (Ptolemaios), Latin Alutus (Tabula Peutingeriana).


Iași

Uncertain. Probably from Kipchak yaasi (“archers”), from yaa (“bow”), from Proto-Turkic *yā(y) (“bow”).
Early in the 20th century, a link to the ancient Iazyges has been proposed, the Roman name of an ancient Sarmatian tribe that once lived in the area, or from a tribe of Alans known as the Jassi.


Marea Neagră

the Black Sea (an inland sea between southeastern Europe, Caucasus and Asia Minor)


Canalul Mânecii

From canalul (“the channel”) + mânecii (“of the sleeve”), as a calque of French La Manche.


Ромыния

Romînia (romanization)
Ромыния (accusative nominative uncountable)
Ромынией (dative genitive uncountable)

Post-1930s Cyrillic spelling of România.: Romania (a country in Southeast Europe)


Piemont

Piedmont (an administrative region in the north of Italy)


Brașov

Brașov (accusative indefinite nominative)
Brașovul (accusative definite nominative)
Brașov (indefinite)
Brașovului (definite)
Brașovule (vocative)

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic *Брашовъ (*Brašovŭ), from Брашо (Brašo) + -овъ (-ovŭ), diminutive from Братиславъ (Bratislavŭ). Compare the Hungarian name for the city, Hungarian Brassó, from the same source.
An alternative has been proposed from a Turkic barasu, meaning "white water" with a Slavic suffix -ov.
The city was known as Kronstadt ("Crown City") in the local Transylvanian Saxon (German) language, and Corona (“crown”) in Medieval Latin.

bor+

Brașov (a county in Transylvania, in central Romania)


Constanța

Constanța (accusative indefinite nominative)
Constanțaua (accusative definite nominative)
Constanțale (indefinite)
Constanțalei (definite)
Constanța (vocative)

Originally known as Tomis in antiquity, the city was later renamed Constantiana after Flavia Julia Constantia, sister of the Roman emperor Constantine the Great; it was first attested as Constantia, or Κωνστάντια (Kōnstántia) around the mid 10th century.


Mureș

Uncertain. Either from a substratum language or from a Slavic language or from Hungarian Maros. The o > u sound change is common in Romanian before liquids in borrowings; compare олѣи (olěi) to ulei.
The river was known as Marisus in Latin during antiquity, and mentioned by Herodotus around 484 B.C. as Maris, possibly of Dacian origin, and in the 10th century as "Morisis". It is known as Maros in Hungarian and Mieresch in German.


Carpați

Possibly ultimately from the name of a Dacian tribe, the Carpi, see Wikipedia, and from Proto-Indo-European root *(s)ker-; see also Carpathians for more information. According to Eichner, possibly from Proto-Albanian *karpātai (“mountanous place”)


Nisa

Nice (a coastal city, the capital of the Alpes-Maritimes department, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeast France)


Hunedoara

Borrowed from Hungarian Hunyadvár, from Hunyad + vár (“fortress”).


Copenhaga

Borrowed from French Copenhague, ultimately from Danish København, from Old Danish Køpmannæhafn.

Copenhagen (the capital city of Denmark)


Muntenegru

Muntenegru (accusative indefinite nominative)
Muntenegrul (accusative definite nominative)
Muntenegru (indefinite)
Muntenegrului (definite)
Muntenegrule (vocative)

Calque of English Montenegro or Serbo-Croatian Crna Gora using the Romanian words munte (mountain) + negru (black).

Montenegro (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Buzău

Buzău (accusative indefinite nominative)
Buzăul (accusative definite nominative)
Buzău (indefinite)
Buzăului (definite)
Buzăule (vocative)

Uncertain. Its name may be derived from Hungarian *Bozó, from Old Church Slavonic *Бъзовъ (*Bŭzovŭ, “[river] of the elderberries”), from бъзъ (bŭzŭ, “elderberry”). However,
the Slavic name might be an adaptation via folk etymology of earlier Ancient Greek Μουσεος (Mouseos), from a Paleo-Balkan language.


Prahova

From Old Church Slavonic *прахова (*praxova), from прахъ (praxŭ, “dust”) + -ова (-ova, feminine possessive suffix). The county name is derived from the river.


Maramureș

Maramureș (accusative indefinite nominative)
Maramureșul (accusative definite nominative)
Maramureș (indefinite)
Maramureșului (definite)
Maramureșule (vocative)


Republica Moldova

Republica Moldova (accusative nominative uncountable)
Republicii Moldova (dative genitive uncountable)

Literally, “Republic of Moldova”, from republică + Moldova.


Filipine

Filipine (accusative indefinite nominative)
Filipinele (accusative definite nominative)
Filipine (indefinite)
Filipinelor (definite)
Filipinelor (vocative)

Borrowed from Spanish Filipinas, from Felipe, the name of a King of Spain.

Philippines (a country in Southeast Asia)


Republica Italiană

Italian Republic
Italian Republic#English

Italian Republic, Italy (a country in Southern Europe)


Munții Carpați

Carpathian Mountains
Carpathian Mountains


Carpații Meridionali

Southern Carpathians
Southern Carpathians


Dâmbovița

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic *дѫбовица (*dǫbovica, “[river] of the oak trees”), from дѫбъ (dǫbŭ, “oak”) + -овъ (-ovŭ, possessive suffix) + -ица (-ica, deadjectival suffix), from Proto-Slavic *dǫbъ + *-ovъ + *-ica.

bor+

Dâmbovița (a county in southern Romania)


Insulele Falkland

Falkland Islands
Falkland Islands#English:_Q9648

Falkland Islands (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, located in the South Atlantic)


Sibiu

Sibiu (accusative indefinite nominative)
Sibiul (accusative definite nominative)
Sibiu (indefinite)
Sibiului (definite)
Sibiule (vocative)

From earlier from Sibiiu, borrowed from Old Church Slavonic Сибинъ (Sibinŭ).


Satu Mare

From older Sătmar, from Hungarian Szatmár, reinterpreted as satul mare (“the great village”).


zlot

zloți (plural)
zlot (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
zlotul (accusative definite nominative singular)
zloți (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
zloții (accusative definite nominative plural)
zlot (indefinite singular)
zlotului (definite singular)
zloți (indefinite singular)
zloților (definite plural)
zlotule (singular vocative)
zloților (vocative)


Asia de Vest

Asia de Vest (accusative nominative uncountable)
Asiei de Vest (dative genitive uncountable)

Holonym: Asia


Republica Islamică Iran

Islamic Republic of Iran
Islamic Republic of Iran


Botoșani

Botoșani (accusative indefinite nominative)
Botoșaniul (accusative definite nominative)
Botoșani (indefinite)
Botoșaniului (definite)
Botoșaniule (vocative)


Suceava

Unknown. Cf. Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/suša + suffix -ova. According to historical folk etymolgy, derived from szűcs (“furrier”) + vár (“fortress”) (cf. A Szűcsvár).

A county of Romania, named after the city.


Saxonia

From Latin Saxonia. By surface analysis, saxon + -ia.


Covasna

Covasnă (accusative indefinite nominative)
Covasna (accusative definite nominative)
Covasne (indefinite)
Covasnei (definite)
Covasnă (vocative)
Covasno (vocative)

Borrowed from Hungarian Kovászna, derived from Proto-Slavic *kvasьna, from *kvasъ, referring to the taste of the mineral waters in the region.


Dolj

From older Doljiu, derived from Old Church Slavonic [Term?], from долъ (dolŭ, “valley”) + Жилъ (Žilŭ, “Jiu river”), from Proto-Slavic *dolъ (“valley”). Compare Gorj ("mountain Jiu").


Gorj

From older Gorjiu, derived from Old Church Slavonic [Term?], from гора (gora, “mountain”) + Жилъ (Žilŭ, “Jiu river”), from Proto-Slavic *gora (“mountain”). Compare Dolj ("valley Jiu").


Teleorman

Of Cuman origin, derived from Kipchak teli (“mad”) + orman (“forest”). Doublet of Deliorman, from Ottoman Turkish.


Ilfov

Ilfov (accusative indefinite nominative)
Ilfovul (accusative definite nominative)
Ilfov (indefinite)
Ilfovului (definite)
Ilfovule (vocative)

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic ельховъ (elĭxovŭ), from ельха (elĭxa) + -овъ (-ovŭ), from Proto-Slavic *elьxa (“alder”). Compare Bulgarian Елхово (Elhovo).


Bihor

Bihor (accusative indefinite nominative)
Bihorul (accusative definite nominative)
Bihor (indefinite)
Bihorului (definite)
Bihorule (vocative)

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian vihor (“whirlwind”), from Proto-Slavic *vixъrъ (“whirlwind”). Compare vifor.


Iordan

lui Iordan (dative genitive)
Iordan (accusative indefinite nominative)
Iordanul (accusative definite nominative)
Iordan (indefinite)
Iordanului (definite)
Iordanule (vocative)

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic Иоръданъ (Iorŭdanŭ), from Ancient Greek Ἰορδάνης (Iordánēs), from Biblical Hebrew יַרְדֵּן (yardén, “Jordan (river)”).

der

Jordan (a river in Western Asia, in the Middle East, that empties into the Dead Sea, flowing through Israel, the Golan Heights, the West Bank and Jordan)


Ialomița

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic ꙗловица (jalovica, “[river] of the barren land”), from ꙗловъ (jalovŭ, “barren”) + -ица (-ica), from Proto-Slavic *jalovъ (“barren”) + *-ica (deadjectival suffix).


Vâlcea

Vâlcea (accusative indefinite nominative)
Vâlceaua (accusative definite nominative)
Vâlcele (indefinite)
Vâlcelei (definite)
Vâlcea (vocative)

Uncertain. There is a Romanian word vâlcea (“small valley”), however, its stress is on the last syllable, unlike Vâlcea, which has its stress on the first syllable, making it unlikely to be derived from it.
An alternative is a derivation from a Slavic word *vьlkъ (“wolf”), as the 1247 Diploma of the Joannites of king Béla IV of Hungary mentions in the area a knez named Farkas (“wolf”), which could just be a translation of the name of the knez's name into Hungarian.

Vâlcea (a county of Oltenia, in southern Romania)


Tulcea

Borrowing from Turkish Tulça, from tul (“height, length”) + -ça.


Călărași

Călărașii (accusative indefinite nominative)
Călărașiii (accusative definite nominative)
Călărașii (indefinite)
Călărașiilor (definite)
Călărașiilor (vocative)


Bacău

Bacău (accusative indefinite nominative)
Bacăul (accusative definite nominative)
Bacău (indefinite)
Bacăului (definite)
Bacăule (vocative)

Borrowed from Hungarian bakó (“executioner”).


Giurgiu

Inherited from Latin Geōrgius, from Ancient Greek Γεώργιος (Geṓrgios). Compare Italian Giorgio. Doublet of George and Gheorghe.


Mehedinți

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian Mehedinec, from Mehadia + -ec (demonym suffix).


Sălaj

Borrowed from Hungarian Szilágy, from szil (“elm”) + ágy (“river bank”). Doublet of Silaghi, which is a surname.


Argeș

Argeș (accusative indefinite nominative)
Argeșul (accusative definite nominative)
Argeș (indefinite)
Argeșului (definite)
Argeșule (vocative)

Probably from Kipchak argis (“height”). An etymological link to the ancient names (Ordesos, Ὀρδησσός (Ordēssós)) is possible, but unlikely.


Timiș

Ultimately from Latin Tibiscus, of possible Thracian or Dacian origin.


Neamț

From neamț (“German”), from Old Church Slavonic нѣмьць (němĭcĭ), from Proto-Slavic *němьcь.


Vrancea

Vrancea (accusative indefinite nominative)
Vranceaua (accusative definite nominative)
Vrancele (indefinite)
Vrancelei (definite)
Vrancea (vocative)

Probably from Old Church Slavonic *враньць (*vranĭcĭ), from вранъ (vranŭ, “raven”) + -ьць (-ĭcĭ).


Brăila

Brăila (accusative indefinite nominative)
Brăilaua (accusative definite nominative)
Brăilale (indefinite)
Brăilalei (definite)
Brăila (vocative)


Varșovia

Borrowed from Medieval Latin Varsovia, a Latinised form of Old Polish Warszowa.


Insula Man

Isle of Man (an island and Crown dependency of the United Kingdom in the Irish Sea)


Insulele Cayman

Cayman Islands (three islands constituting an overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the Caribbean Sea)


Insulele Virgine Britanice

British Virgin Islands
British Virgin Islands#English

British Virgin Islands (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the Caribbean)


Regatul Spaniei

Kingdom of Spain
Kingdom of Spain#English

Kingdom of Spain (official name of Spain)


Macedonia de Nord

LL-Q7913 (ron)-KlaudiuMihaila-Macedonia de Nord.wav

North Macedonia
North Macedonia#English:_Q221

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

North Macedonia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Mongolia Interioară

Inner Mongolia (an autonomous region of China)


Kârgâzstan

Kyrgyzstan (a country in Central Asia, bordering on Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and China)


ruscism

ruscism (accusative indefinite nominative)
ruscismul (accusative definite nominative)
ruscism (indefinite)
ruscismului (definite)
ruscismule (vocative)

Borrowed from English Ruscism, also internally consistent as a blend of Rusia (“Russia”) + fascism (“fascism”).

blend

Consiliul local a subliniat că „Ruscismul este fascismul secolului XXI”.

2022, Răzvan Nicolae, “Rușii au ucis, în două luni, de două ori mai mulți oameni decât nemții în al doilea război mondial”, in Newsweek România:

The city council emphasized that “Ruscism is 21st century fascism”.

La rândul său, politologul rus Andrei Piontkovski observă că fascismul din țara sa, adică ruscismul, este în multe privințe similar cu nazismul, iar discursurile lui Vladimir Putin aduc aminte de cele ale lui Adolf Hitler.

2022, Ion Gaidău, “Aspect pe care Rusia lui Putin nu îl vrea menționat: Ce înseamnă ruscismul, văzut drept fascismul secolului al XXI-lea”, in Adevărul:

Russian political scientist Andrey Piontkovsky also notes that fascism in his country, that is, Ruscism, is in many ways similar to Nazism, and Vladimir Putin's speeches are reminiscent of Adolf Hitler's.

Președintele ucrainean a afirmat că trebuie să se facă totul pentru oprirea ruscismului (alăturare a cuvintelor Rusia și fascism - n.r.).

2023, Luminița Turcu, “Zelenski: Trebuie să facem totul pentru a opri ruscismul, așa cum lumea liberă a oprit nazismul / El spune că peste 30 de rachete rusești au fost lansate sâmbătă, peste 20 fiind doborâte”, in News.ro:

The Ukrainian president stated that everything must be done to stop Ruscism (a portmanteau of the words “Russia” and “fascism” - editor's note).

(neologism, politics, derogatory) Ruscism (ideology, militarist Russian nationalism)


Scoția

Scotland (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


Vaslui

Vaslui (accusative indefinite nominative)
Vasluiul (accusative definite nominative)
Vaslui (indefinite)
Vasluiului (definite)
Vasluiule (vocative)

Unknown. Due to the -ui ending, it has been proposed to be of Kipchak [Term?] origin.