f

(International Standard) The eighth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The ninth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


A

The first letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


dar

Inherited from Sanskrit दर (dara, “fear”). Compare Hindi डर (ḍar).


but

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀩𑀳𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (bahutta), from Sanskrit बहुत्व (bahutva, “much, many, very”). Cognate with Hindi बहुत (bahut).

inh

But rroma mekhle i India thaj gele p-e aver phuva.

Many Roma left India and went towards other lands.


kerel

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀓𑀭𑁂𑀤𑀺 (karedi), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀓𑀭𑁄𑀢𑀺 (karoti), from Classical Sanskrit करोति (karóti), from Vedic Sanskrit कृणोति (kṛṇóti). Cognate with Hindi करना (karnā), Punjabi ਕਰਨਾ (karnā), Nepali गर्नु (garnu), Gujarati કરવું (karvũ), Marathi करणे (karṇe), and Bengali করা (kora).

inh+

Na ʒanav so te kerav.

Morro dad kerdǎs o kazàn.


X

(International Standard) The eleventh letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The twelfth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


i

(International Standard) The twelfth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The thirteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


i

o (masculine singular)
e (plural)
o (definite masculine nominative singular)
i (definite feminine nominative singular)
e (definite nominative)
e (definite oblique)

i Sperànca

i Rumùnia


o

(International Standard) The nineteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The twentieth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


o

i (feminine singular)
e (plural)
o (definite masculine nominative singular)
i (definite feminine nominative singular)
e (definite nominative)
e (definite oblique)

o rrom

o Parìzo


love

→ French: lové

→ Hungarian: lóvé

→ Romanian: lovea

→ Russian: лавэ́ (lavɛ́)

→ Scots: lowie

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ло́ва

Latin script: lóva

→ Slovak: lóve


posh

From Old Armenian փոշի (pʻoši). Doublet of poshík.


del

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀤𑁂𑀤𑀺 (dedi), from Sanskrit ददाति (dadāti), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *dádaHti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dádaHti, from Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti.


del

head

del m (accusative devles, nominative plural devla, accusative plural devlen)

devles (accusative)
devla (nominative plural)
devlen (accusative plural)


rat

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢 (ratta), from Sanskrit रक्त (rakta). Cognate with dialectal Hindi रात (rāt) and Punjabi ਰੱਤ (ratta).


rat

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 (ratti), from Sanskrit रात्रि (rātri).


bal

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀯𑀸𑀮 (vāla), from Sanskrit वाल (vāla). Cognate with Hindi बाल (bāl), Punjabi ਵਾਲ (vāl, “hair”).

inh+

mire bala kale hin

2002 July 5, Milena Hübschmannová, “Origin of Roma”, in ROMBASE Cultural Database, archived from the original on 2014-10-27:


them

Inherited from Sanskrit *स्थाम्य (sthāmya).


pen

themselves (third-person plural reflexive pronoun)


so

So kerel lesqo papu?


me

Angloromani: me


sap

From Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧 (sappa), from Sanskrit सर्प (sarpá, “snake”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sarpás. Cognate with Punjabi ਸੱਪ (sappa, “snake”).

Kana sas anθ-o veś, jekh sap dandardǎs man.

While I was in the woods, a snake bit me.


q

(International Standard) Used to represent the dative and genitive cases.


v

(International Standard) The twenty-ninth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The thirtieth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


j

(International Standard) The thirteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The fourteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


l

(International Standard) The sixteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The seventeenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


r

(International Standard) The twenty-second letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The twenty-third letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


san

second-person singular present indicative of si


p

(International Standard) The twentieth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The twenty-first letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


t

(International Standard) The twenty-sixth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The twenty-seventh letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


b

The second letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


k

(International Standard) The fourteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The fifteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


g

(International Standard) The ninth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The tenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


w

A letter used to represent the voiced labial-velar approximant (/w/) in the International Standard orthography.


m

(International Standard) The seventeenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The eighteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


h

(International Standard) The tenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The eleventh letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


n

(International Standard) The eighteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The nineteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


d

The sixth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


s

(International Standard) The twenty-fourth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The twenty-fifth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


z

(International Standard) The thirtieth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The thirty-first letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


c

The third letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


u

(International Standard) The twenty-eighth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The twenty-ninth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


e

(International Standard) The seventh letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The eighth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


ë

(International Standard) The letter e with the umlaut.


jag

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀅𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀺 (aggi), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀅𑀕𑀺 (agi), from Sanskrit अग्नि (agni, “fire”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hagnís, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥gʷnis. Cognate with Hindi आग (āg), Nepali आगो (āgo), Gujarati આગ (āga), and Punjabi ਅੱਗ (agga).


Th

(International Standard) The twenty-seventh letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The twenty-eighth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


kaj

Inherited from Prakrit [script needed] (kahiṃ), [script needed] (kahĩ), from Sanskrit कस्मिन् (kasmin), the locative singular of किम् (kim).


à

(International Standard) The letter a with the grave accent.


tu

From Sanskrit त्वम् (tvam), from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.


si

sem (first-person indicative present singular)
san (indicative present second-person singular)
si (indicative present singular third-person)
sam (first-person indicative plural present)
sen (indicative plural present second-person)
si (indicative plural present third-person)
semas (first-person indicative perfect singular)
sanas (indicative perfect second-person singular)
sas (indicative perfect singular third-person)
samas (first-person indicative perfect plural)
senas (indicative perfect plural second-person)
sas (indicative perfect plural third-person)
avava (first-person future indicative singular)
avesa (future indicative second-person singular)
avela (future indicative singular third-person)
avasa (first-person future indicative plural)
avena (future indicative plural second-person)
avena (future indicative plural third-person)
semas (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
sanas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
sasas (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
samas (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
senas (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
sasas (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
sinesas (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
avilemas (first-person indicative past perfect singular)
avilǎnas (indicative past perfect second-person singular)
avilǎsas (indicative past perfect singular third-person)
avilǎmas (first-person indicative past perfect plural)
avilenas (indicative past perfect plural second-person)
avilenas (indicative past perfect plural third-person)
te avav (first-person infinitive singular)
te ovav (first-person infinitive singular)
te aves (infinitive second-person singular)
te oves (infinitive second-person singular)
te avel (infinitive singular third-person)
te ovel (infinitive singular third-person)
te avas (first-person infinitive plural)
te ovas (first-person infinitive plural)
te aven (infinitive plural second-person)
te oven (infinitive plural second-person)
te aven (infinitive plural third-person)
te oven (infinitive plural third-person)
avavas (first-person present singular subjunctive)
avesas (present second-person singular subjunctive)
avelas (present singular subjunctive third-person)
avasas (first-person plural present subjunctive)
avenas (plural present second-person subjunctive)
avenas (plural present subjunctive third-person)
avilemas (first-person past singular subjunctive)
avilǎnas (past second-person singular subjunctive)
avilǎsas (past singular subjunctive third-person)
avilǎmas (first-person past plural subjunctive)
avilenas (past plural second-person subjunctive)
avilenas (past plural subjunctive third-person)
av (ov) (imperative second-person singular)
aven (imperative plural second-person)
oven (imperative plural second-person)

Si la kale bala.

Used before an accusative personal pronoun to indicate possession.


bar

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀯𑀸𑀟 (vāḍa), from Sanskrit वाट (vāṭa) or Sanskrit वाटी (vāṭī).


kon

Inherited from Sanskrit कः पुनर् (kaḥ punar). Cognate with Hindi कौन (kaun), Bengali কোন (kōn) and Marathi कोण (koṇ).

Kon si kothe?


per

Borrowed from Old Armenian փոր (pʻor, “belly, abdomen”). Doublet of pori.


kale

oblique masculine singular/feminine singular/plural


amen

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (amhe), from Sanskrit अस्मान् (asmān), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥smé. Cognate with Gujarati અમે (ame).


dad

head

dad m (accusative dades, nominative plural dada, accusative plural daden)

dades (accusative)
dada (nominative plural)
daden (accusative plural)

Angloromani: dad

Traveller Norwegian: dad

Compare Hindi दादा (dādā, “grandfather, older brother”).


vast

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣 (hattha), from Sanskrit हस्त (hásta).
Cognates
Assamese হাত (hat), Bengali হাত (hat), Dhivehi އަތް (at̊), Gujarati હાથ (hāth), Hindustani ہاتھ (hāth) / हाथ (hāth), Kachchi હથ (hath), Kashmiri اَتھٕ (athụ), Konkani हात (hāt), Marathi हात (hāt), Marwari हाथ (hāth), Malvi हात (hāt), Nimadi हाथ (hāth), Odia ହାତ (hāta), Punjabi ہَتھّ / ਹੱਥ (hattha), Sindhi هَٿُ (hatu), and Sinhalese අත (ata)

inh+

Kamav te ćumidav laqo vast.


avel

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀆𑀯𑁂𑀤𑀺 (āvedi), from Sanskrit आपयति (āpayati), from the root आप् (āp).


À

(International Standard) The letter A with the grave accent.


aver

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀅𑀯𑀭 (avara), from Sanskrit अपर (apara).


ʒ

(International Standard) The thirty-second letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


pes

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit [script needed] (appa), [script needed] (atta), from Sanskrit आत्मन् (ātman).

inh+

himself, herself (third-person singular reflexive pronoun)


Ë

(International Standard) The letter E with the umlaut.


Ç

(International Standard) Used to represent -ça.


ć

(International Standard) The fourth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


dž

(Pan-Vlax) The seventh letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


-ni

Inherited from Sanskrit -इनी (-inī). Cognate with Hindi -नी (-nī).

grast (“horse”) + -ni → grasni (“mare”)

thagar (“king”) + -ni → thagarni (“queen”)

A suffix used to make a female form, similar to -ette or -ess in English


-ni

siklǒvel (“study”) + -ni → siklǒvni (“female student”)


ä

(International Standard) Used to represent a dialectal centralized vowel.


-a

phral (“brother”) + -a → phrala (“brothers”)

ćhaj (“daughter”) + -a → ćhaja (“daughters”)

Forms the nominative plural of consonantal oikoclitic nouns

daj (“mother”) + -a → daja

Forms the accusative singular of unjotated oikoclitic animate feminine nouns

phuro (“old (animate)”) + -a → phura

Forms the feminine singular oblique of consonantal oikoclitic nouns. Displaced by -e in most dialects


ma

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀫𑀸 (mā), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀫𑀸 (mā), from Sanskrit मा (mā).


kris

Borrowed from Byzantine Greek κρίσι (krísi, “judgement, decision”).


raj

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀭𑀸𑀆 (rāā), from Sanskrit राजन् (rā́jan).


-en

rrom (“Romani man”) + -en → rromen

daj (“mother”) + -en → dajen

Forms the accusative plural of oikoclitic animate nouns


-o

Forms the nominative singular of vocalic oikoclitic masculine nouns

Forms the nominative masculine singular of vocalic oikoclitic adjectives

Attaches to the perfective stem to form the third-person singular masculine past tense of intransitive verbs


char

char f Anglicized form of ćar (canonical)
chara (plural)

Le grast xan char.


sen

second-person plural or formal singular present indicative of si


drab

→ Russian: драп (drap, “marijuana”)

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀤𑀯𑁆𑀯 (davva), from Sanskrit द्रव्य (dravya). Cognate with Sindhi ڊَڀُ (ḍrabhu, “eye medicine”) and Odia ଡାବ (ḍāba, “prescription”).


gav

→ German: Kaff

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀕𑀸𑀫 (gāma), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀕𑀸𑀫 (gāma), from Sanskrit ग्राम (grāma).
Cognates
Assamese গাঁও (gãü), Bengali গাঁ (gã), Gujarati ગામ (gām), Hindustani گاؤں / गाँव (gā̃v), Kashmiri گام (gām), Marwari गाँव (gā̃v), Punjabi گراں / ਗਰਾਂ (garā̃), Sindhi گانؤُ (gā̃u), and Sinhalese ගම (gama).


kat

# Inherited from Prakrit 𑀓𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬𑀸 (kattiyā), 𑀓𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬 (kattiya), from Sanskrit कर्त्त्री (karttrī).
# Inherited from Sanskrit कर्तरि (kartari).


dosh

Wo sas dosh.

Dosh san.


muro

muro jilo

muro shavo


rukh

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (rukkha), from Sanskrit रुक्ष (rukṣa) or वृक्ष (vṛkṣa).

Thus while many dialects have kept separate words for 'tree' and 'wood' (rukh and kašt), and for 'say' and 'tell' (phen- and phuker-), the words for 'tree' and 'tell' have been lost in the Vlax dialects, which have now generalized kašt and phen- respectively for both words.

2005 August 5 [2002], Ian F. Hancock, “Amari Čhib: Our language”, in We are the Romani people = Ame sam e Rromane džene, reprint edition (in English), University of Hertfordshire Press, →ISBN, page 143:


bori

Three etymologies have been proposed:
# Inherited from Prakrit 𑀯𑀳𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀆 (vahuliā), from Sanskrit वधूटी (vadhūṭī).
# Inherited from Sanskrit व्यवहारिका (vyavahārikā, “female servant”).
# Borrowed from Iranian.


buko

Two etymologies have been proposed:
# Inherited from Sanskrit बुक्क (bukka).
# Inherited from Sanskrit वृक्क (vṛkka).


(International Standard) A diacritical mark of the Latin script in Romani, and found on À/à, È/è, Ì/ì, Ò/ò and Ù/ù.


-i

Forms the nominative singular of vocalic oikoclitic feminine nouns

Forms the nominative feminine singular of vocalic oikoclitic adjectives

Attaches to the perfective stem to form the third-person singular feminine past tense of intransitive verbs


nav

Angloromani: nav

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀡𑀸𑀫 (ṇāma), from Sanskrit नामन् (nāman).


-e

ćhavo (“Romani boy”) + -e → ćhave (“Romani boys”)

Forms the nominative plural of vocalic oikoclitic masculine nouns

Forms the nominative plural of vocalic oikoclitic adjectives

Forms the oblique of oikoclitic adjectives

Attaches to the perfective stem to form the third-person plural past tense.


loko

According to Ačaṙyan, from Armenian լոկ (lok).

loki djilli


sem

first-person singular present indicative of si


kan

Inherited from Apabhramsa 𑖎𑖜𑖿𑖜 (kaṇṇa), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡 (kaṇṇa), from Sanskrit कर्ण (karṇa, “ear”). Cognate with Hindi कान (kān) and Punjabi ਕੰਨ (kann, “ear”).


Ʒ

The thirty-second letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Ć

The fourth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


F

(International Standard) The eighth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The ninth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


A diacritical mark of the Latin script in Romani, and found on Ä/ä, Ë/ë, Ï/ï, Ö/ö and Ü/ü.


B

The second letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


L

(International Standard) The sixteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The seventeenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


D

The sixth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


G

(International Standard) The ninth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The tenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


E

(International Standard) The seventh letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The eighth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


R

(International Standard) The twenty-second letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The twenty-third letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


J

(International Standard) The thirteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The fourteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


C

The third letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


N

(International Standard) The eighteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The nineteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


P

(International Standard) The twentieth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The twenty-first letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


V

(International Standard) The twenty-ninth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The thirtieth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


T

(International Standard) The twenty-sixth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The twenty-seventh letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Z

(International Standard) The thirtieth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The thirty-first letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


H

(International Standard) The tenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The eleventh letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


U

(International Standard) The twenty-eighth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The twenty-ninth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


K

(International Standard) The fourteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The fifteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


M

(International Standard) The seventeenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The eighteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


W

A letter used to represent the voiced labial-velar approximant (/w/) in the International Standard orthography.


kir

From Sanskrit कीट (kīṭa, “worm, insect”). Cognate with Hindi कीड़ा (kīṛā, “insect, bug”).


sam

first-person plural present indicative of si


S

(International Standard) The twenty-fourth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The twenty-fifth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Q

(International Standard) Used to represent the dative and genitive cases.


rani

head

rani f (accusative ranǎ, nominative plural ranǎ, accusative plural raněn)

ranǎ (accusative)
ranǎ (nominative plural)
raněn (accusative plural)

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀭𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀻 (raṇṇī), from Sanskrit राज्ञी (rājñī, “queen, princess”).

inh

female equivalent of raj: madam, Mrs, lady


O

(International Standard) The nineteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The twentieth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


I

(International Standard) The twelfth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The thirteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


sura

Probably from Armenian սուր (sur, “sword”).


ž

(Pan-Vlax) The thirty-second letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


ucho

From Sanskrit उच्च (uchcha, “high, elevated”).


suno

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀺𑀦 (suvina), from Sanskrit *सुप्न (supna).

dream (imaginary events seen in the mind while sleeping)


a

The first letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


dives

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀤𑀺𑀯𑀲 (divasa), from Sanskrit दिवस (divasá). Cognate with Gujarati દીસ (dīs).


mas

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀫𑀁𑀲 (maṃsa), from Sanskrit मांस (māṃsa), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *māmsám, from Proto-Indo-European *mēms-ó-m, from *mḗms.


θ

(International Standard) Used to represent -θar and -θe.


sas

third-person singular or plural perfect indicative of si


rom

Alternative form of rrom (“Romani man; husband”)


foni

From Irish fáinne, probably through Shelta.


pori

From Old Armenian փոր (pʻor, “bowels, entrails”). Doublet of per.


giv

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀕𑁄𑀳𑀽𑀫 (gohūma), from Sanskrit गोधूम (godhūma). Cognate with Hindi गेहूँ (gehū̃).


x

(International Standard) The eleventh letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The twelfth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


drom

Caló: dron

Borrowed from Byzantine Greek δρόμος (drómos, “road”).


thud

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀤𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (duddha), from Sanskrit दुग्ध (dugdhá, “milk”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *dugdʰás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰugdʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰugʰ-tós, from *dʰewgʰ- (“to be productive”). Compare Hindi दूध (dūdh, “milk”) and Punjabi ਦੁੱਧ (duddha, “milk”).


pani

desc

Angloromani: pani, pali, pan, panni, pawni

Caló: pañí
→ Spanish: pañí

Erromintxela: pani

Tavringer Romani: pani

Traveller Norwegian: pani

Traveller Scottish: pani

→ Yenish: pani

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀧𑀸𑀡𑀻𑀅 (pāṇīa), from Sanskrit पानीय (pānīya). Cognates include Gujarati પાણી (pāṇī), Hindi पानी (pānī), Punjabi ਪਾਣੀ (pāṇī), Marwari पाणी (pāṇī).

inh+

O pani si maj śudro akana.


tato

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢 (tatta) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-), from Sanskrit तप्त (tapta).


dur

From Sanskrit दूर (dūrá), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *duHrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *duHrás, from Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-ró-s, from *dweh₂- (“far, long”). Cognate with Hindi दूर (dūr), Bengali দূর (dur), Kamkata-viri bādūř, Persian دور (dur).


kotor

Borrowed from Old Armenian կոտոր (kotor).


kar

Angloromani: kor, kori, korri, kuri

→ English: corey, cory

→ Albanian: kar

Inherited from Sanskrit *काट (kāṭa). Cognate with Hindi काढ़ (kāṛh), Gujarati કાડ (kāḍ), Sindhi 𑊺𑋠𑋊𑋣 (kāṛu), Marathi 𑘎𑘰𑘚 (kāḍ).


-es

desinence used to form the singular accusative case of oikoclitic (pre-European) masculine animate nouns


-el

Forms the third-person singular present indicative of consonantal oikoclitic verbs


andre

Perhaps ultimately from Persian اندر (andar).


amaro

head

amaro m sg (nominative feminine singular amari, nominative plural amare)

amari (feminine nominative singular)
amare (nominative plural)

Inherited from Apabhramsa अम्हारउं (amhāraüṃ), from Sanskrit अस्माक (asmā́ka). Cognate with Hindi हमारा (hamārā).

inh+

amari ćhib

a name for the Romani language (lit. our language)


amaro

Amen sam e Titosqe, o Tito si amaro.


sar

Inherited from Prakrit सरओ (sarao), from Sanskrit सरत्रम् (saratram).


asal

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀳𑀲𑀤𑀺 (hasadi), from Sanskrit हसति (hasati). Cognate with Hindi हँसना (hãsnā).

Sosqe asan manθar?


kalo

desc

Angloromani: kalo, kala, kali, kalli, kallo, kawla, kawlo, kawlu, kora, kowlo, kula

desctree

Caló: caló (“tanned, dark-skinned; Romani”)
→ Catalan: caló, calé
→ Portuguese: caló, calão
→ Spanish: caló

Inherited from Sanskrit काल (kāla), ultimately borrowed from Proto-Dravidian *kār.


Dž

(Pan-Vlax) The seventh letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


baro

desc

Angloromani: baro, barri, bawla, bawro, bora, bori, borri, borro, bowro

Caló: baró

Erromintxela: baro

Traveller Norwegian: baro

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀯𑀟𑁆𑀟 (vaḍḍa), from Sanskrit वड्र (vaḍra), from वृद्ध (vṛddha, “large, old, eminent”). Cognate with Hindustani بَڑا (baṛā) / बड़ा (baṛā).


dumo

Inherited from Sanskrit *दुम्भ (dumbha, “tail”). Compare Hindi दुम् (dum, “tail”).


nevo

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀦𑀯 (nava), from Sanskrit नव (nava).


merel

Me merav palal laθe!


balo

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀩𑀸𑀮 (bāla), from Sanskrit बाल (bāla).


dand

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀤𑀁𑀢 (daṃta), from Sanskrit दन्त (danta).


phral

head

phral m anim (accusative phrales, nominative plural phrala, accusative plural phralen)

phrales (accusative)
plural phrala (nominative)
plural phralen (accusative)

desctree

Angloromani: pal, palla, pel, pral, prala, pralla, pulu
→ English: pal
→ Afrikaans: pêl

Caló: plal

Inherited from Sanskrit भ्रातृ (bhrā́tṛ). Cognate with English brother.

inh+

Coordinate term: phen


muter

head

muter m (nominative plural mutera or mutra)

mutera (nominative plural)
mutra (nominative plural)

Inherited from Sanskrit मूत्र (mū́tra). Compare Phalura múutr.


vurdon

vurdon m inan (nominative plural vurdona)

Alternative form of vordon (“car, horse-drawn carriage”)


rup

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀭𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀧 (ruppa), from Sanskrit रूप्य (rūpya). Cognate with Gujarati રૂપું (rūpũ), Hindustani رُوپا / रूपा (rūpā), Marwari रूपौ (rūpau), Punjabi ਰੁੱਪਾ (ruppā) / رُپّا (ruppā), and Sindhi رُپو (rupo).


lon

Inherited from Sanskrit लवण (lavaṇa). Compare Hindi लोन (lon, “salt”) and Punjabi ਲੂਣ (lūṇ, “salt”).


anro

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀅𑀁𑀟 (aṃḍa), from Sanskrit अण्ड (aṇḍa), आण्ड (āṇḍa).


drago

Borrowed from Slavic; compare Serbo-Croatian drag, Romanian drag, Bulgarian драг (drag).


drago

Drágo mánge te gilabav ánde lávuta.

Che drágo!


lolo

Erromintxela: lolo

Tavringer Romani: lollo, lolo

Inherited from Sanskrit लोहित (lohita), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hráwdʰitas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-.


kamel

Caló: camelar
→ Spanish: camelar

Three etymologies have been proposed:
# Inherited from Sanskrit काम (kāma, “love, desire”).
# Borrowed from Middle Persian [script needed] (kām-am).
# Borrowed from Old Armenian կամ-իմ (kam-im) (itself an Iranian borrowing).
All three are ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂- (“to desire, wish”).


trin

Caló: trin, trine

Tavringer Romani: trinn

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀢𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺 (tiṇṇi), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀢𑀺𑀁𑀦𑀺 (tiṃni), from Sanskrit त्रीणि (trīṇi), neuter of त्रि (tri).


mangel

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀤𑀺 (maggadi), from Sanskrit मार्गति (mārgati). Cognate with Hindi माँगना (māṅgnā).


ǎ

(International Standard) The letter with a with the háček.


ě

(International Standard) The letter with e with the háček.


miro

head

miro m sg (feminine singular miri, plural mire)


sanas

second-person singular perfect or imperfect indicative of si


romnyi

Alternative form of rromni (“Romani woman; wife”)


phurano

phurano (feminine phurani, plural phurane)


jekh

Angloromani: yek

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓 (ekka), from Sanskrit एक (eka).


parno

Caló: parné

→ Spanish: parné

Inherited from Sanskrit पाण्डु (pāṇḍu, “yellowish white, white, pale”).


thaj

Angloromani: ta, da, te, ti

Inherited from Sanskrit तथापि (tathāpi), sandhi form of तथा (tathā) + अपि (api). Compare Pashto [script needed] (thā).


duj

Traveller Norwegian: dy

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀤𑁄 (do), from Sanskrit द्व (dva).


nakh

Angloromani: nok

→? English: nark

PIE word
 *néh₂s
Inherited from Prakrit 𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓 (ṇakka).


kham

Caló: cam

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀖𑀫𑁆𑀫 (ghamma), from Sanskrit घर्म (gharmá, “hot weather, sunshine”). Cognate with Nepali घाम (ghām, “sun, sunlight”), Gujarati ઘામ (ghām, “heat, perspiration”).


jakh

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺 (akkhi), from Sanskrit अक्षि (akṣi). Compare Hindi आँख (ā̃kh), Pali akkhi.


thulo

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀣𑀼𑀮𑁆𑀮 (thulla), 𑀣𑀽𑀮 (thūla) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-), from Sanskrit स्थूल (sthūla, “fat”).


praho

From a Slavic language. Compare Serbo-Croatian prah.


punro

Caló: pinré, pindré
→ Spanish: pinrel


tordyol

Anglicized spelling of tordǒl (“to stand”)


shuko

Anglicized form of śuko (“dry; thin, slim, lean”)


pijel

→ Hungarian: piál

→ Romanian: pili


mudarel

Compare Sanskrit मरति (marati, “to perish”) and Sanskrit मार (māra, “death, killing”).

to turn off (an appliance), extinguish (a flame)

to finish off (the last of some food, etc)

(figurative) to impress (someone), to blow away


thuv

From Sanskrit धूम (dhūma, “smoke”). Compare Hindi धूआँ (dhūā̃, “smoke”).


patrin

head

patrin f (plural patrinǎ or pajtra or patra)

patrinǎ (plural)
pajtra (plural)
patra (plural)


phenel

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀪𑀡𑀤𑀺 (bhaṇadi), from Classical Sanskrit भणति (bhaṇati), from Vedic Sanskrit भनति (bhanati) ,from Proto-Indo-Aryan *bʰánati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰánati, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰn̥h₂-é-ti, innovative nasal-infixed zero-grade thematic present *bʰeh₂- (“to speak”).


phirel

Inherited from Apabhramsa 𑆦𑆴𑆫𑆅 (phiraï), from Prakrit 𑀨𑀺𑀭𑀇 (phiraï), from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀨𑀺𑀭𑀢𑀺 (*phirati).


phuv

Inherited from Sanskrit भूमि (bhū́mi). Cognate with Hindi भू (bhū).


dikhel

Inherited from Sanskrit *देक्षति (dekṣati), from the root दृश् (dṛś). Cognate with Hindi देखना (dekhnā).


chang

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀚𑀁𑀖𑀸 (jaṃghā), from Sanskrit जङ्घा (jáṅghā, “shank”).


sovel

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑁄𑀯𑀤𑀺 (sovadi), from Vedic Sanskrit स्वपति (svápati), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swápati, from Proto-Indo-European *swépeti.


xal

→ Hungarian: kajál

→ Romanian: hali

→ Russian: хавчик (xavčik)

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀔𑀸𑀤𑀺 (khādi), from Sanskrit खादति (khādati). Cognate with Hindi खाना (khānā), Marwari खाणौ (khāṇau), and Gujarati ખાવું (khāvũ).

E ćhave xan phaba.


muj

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀫𑀼𑀳 (muha), from Sanskrit मुख (mukha). Cognates include Hindi मुँह (mũh) and Punjabi ਮੂੰਹ (mū̃h).

Duj duj desuduj, csumidavme lako muj


korr

Inherited from Sanskrit क्रोड (kroḍa, “breast, bosom”).


barr

Inherited from Sanskrit *वर्त (varta, “round stone”).


oxto

Traveller Norwegian: åkta

Borrowed from Byzantine Greek ὀκτώ (oktṓ).


efta

Tavringer Romani: jeffta, efta

Borrowed from Byzantine Greek ἑπτά (heptá).


baro paji

Alternative form of baro pani (“lake; sea”)


kopal

Compare Albanian kopan (“carpetbeater, battledore”) and Persian گوپال (gupâl).


chacho

Anglicized form of ćaćo (“right; correct; straight”)


ungriko

head

ungriko (feminine ungriki, plural ungrike)


ungrojka

Coordinate term: ungro


ungro

Coordinate term: ungrojka


anglicko

English (of or pertaining to England, its people or language)


beng

beng m (accusative benges, nominative plural benga, accusative plural bengen)

benges (accusative)
benga (nominative plural)
bengen (accusative plural)

Angloromani: beng

→ Czech: bengo

→ Romanian: benga

Inherited from Sanskrit व्यङ्ग (vyaṅga, “spotted; frog”).


balval

Inherited from Sanskrit वात (vāta) through reduplication.


bokh

→ German: Bock

Inherited from Apabhramsa भुक्खा (bhukkhā), from Prakrit 𑀪𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸 (bhukkhā), 𑀩𑀼𑀳𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸 (buhukkhā), 𑀩𑀼𑀪𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸 (bubhukkhā), from Sanskrit बुभुक्षा (bubhukṣā). Cognate with Gujarati ભૂખ (bhūkh), Hindustani بُھوک / भूख (bhūkh), Punjabi بُھکّھ / ਭੁੱਖ (bhukkha), and Sindhi بُک / बुख (bukh).


ï

(International Standard) The letter i with the umlaut.


mulo

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit [Term?], from Ashokan Prakrit [Term?], from Sanskrit मृत (mṛta), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mr̥tás (“dead”), from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥tós (“dead”), from *mer- (“to die”).

O Thagar si mulo! Te trail but o Thagar!


mulo

→ English: mulo

→ Limburgish: mol, moll


poria

Alternative form of poriá (“belly, abdomen”)


kak

Two etymologies have been proposed:
# Inherited from Sanskrit काक्क (kākka), from a Dravidian word. Compare Hindi काका (kākā).
# Possibly borrowed from Iranian. Compare Persian کاکا (“uncle”), though this itself is also from the Sanskrit word above.


bul

→ Hungarian: bula

→ Romanian: bul, bulan, bulău, bulangiu

Inherited from Sanskrit बुलि (buli, “vagina, anus”).


Č

(Pan-Vlax) The fourth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Ž

The thirty-second letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Š

(Pan-Vlax) The twenty-sixth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


-alo

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀆𑀮 (-āla), from Sanskrit -आल (-āla).

baxt (“luck”) + -alo → baxtalo (“lucky”)

Added to a noun to form an adjective meaning "having the quality of".


Rumuniya

Anglicized spelling of Rumùnia (“Romania”)


A diacritical mark of the Latin script in Romani, and found on Ć/ć, Ćh/ćh, Dź/dź, Ŕ/ŕ, Ś/ś and Ź/ź.


ř

(Pan-Vlax) The twenty-fourth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


terne

oblique masculine singular/feminine singular/plural


semas

first-person singular perfect or imperfect indicative of si


samtalo

head

samtalo (feminine samtali, plural samtale)

samt (“plane”) + -alo or from Sanskrit समतल (samatala, “flat”).


kindyilo

kindyilo (feminine kindyili, plural kindyile)


daral

Na dara!


khosel

From Sanskrit घर्षति (gharṣati, “to rub”).


thovel

Inherited from Sanskrit धावति (dhāvati). Cognate to Hindi धोना (dhonā).


khelel

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀔𑁂𑀮𑀤𑀺 (kheladi), from Sanskrit खेलति (khelati). Cognate to Hindi खेलना (khelnā).

Te khelas!


ph

(International Standard) The twenty-first letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The twenty-second letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


primavara

Borrowed from Romanian primăvară (“spring”).


kher

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀖𑀭 (ghara), from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀕𑀭𑁆𑀳 (*garha), from Sanskrit गृह (gṛha, “house, home”). Cognate with Hindi घर (ghar).


raklo

head

raklo m anim (accusative rakles, nominative plural rakle, accusative plural raklen)

rakles (accusative)
rakle (nominative plural)
raklen (accusative plural)

Inherited from Sanskrit लड्डिक्क (laḍḍikka) through metathesis. Cognate with Hindi लड़का (laṛkā, “boy”) and Punjabi لڈکا (laḍikkā, “spoiled child”).


-l

Forms the third-person singular present indicative of vocalic oikoclitic verbs


parashtuj

Alternative spelling of paraśtuj (“Friday”)


tetradyi

Anglicized form of tetradǐ (“Wednesday”)


raji

Alternative form of rani (“lady, dame, mistress”)


khangeri

Borrowed from Persian [script needed] (kongere). Compare Old Hindi [script needed] (kaṅgura).


kurko

Borrowed from Byzantine Greek Κυριακή (Kuriakḗ, “Sunday”).


vuneto

Borrowed from Romanian vânăt (“livid, bluish-grey”), from Latin venetus (“blue, sea-blue”).


bába

wash-bába


-ça

From Sanskrit सह (saha). Cognate with Hindi से (se).

man (“me”) + -ça → mança (“with me”)

instrumental case
instrumental case#English

(International Standard) attaches to the oblique stem to form the instrumental case; with


bibi

Possibly Borrowed from Persian بیبی. Compare Hindi बीबी (bībī).


ź

(International Standard) The thirty-first letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) Used to respresent a dialectal pronunciation of dž.


Ź

(Pan-Vlax) Used to respresent a dialectal pronunciation of Dž.


dilo

→ Bavarian: Dillo

→ German: Dillo

→ Romanian: diliu

Inherited from Sanskrit दीन (dīna, “miserable, sad, depressed”).


zumi

Borrowed from Byzantine Greek ζουμί (zoumí).


děs

(International Standard) Alternative form of dives


gemula

Porme O Jesus phendia peske disiplonge, "Phenav tumenge o chachimos, trutno ek barvale manusheske te zhal ande amperetsia le rhaioski. / Ai mai phenav tumenge, mai vushoro te nakhel iek gemula andai iakh la suviaki, de sar iek barvalo manush te zhal ande amperetsia le Devleski."

1984, E Lashi Viasta, Seattle, Washington: International Gypsy Publications Inc, Matthew 19:23-24:


baxtalo

head

baxtalo (feminine baxtali, plural baxtale)


baxt

→ Romanian: baftă

Borrowed from Middle Persian 𐭡𐭧𐭲 (bḥt /baxt/, “fortune, luck”). Cognate with Persian بخت (baxt, “fortune, luck”).


manro

Inherited from Sanskrit मण्ड (maṇḍa) or मण्डक (maṇḍaka).


shilalo

head

shilalo (feminine shilali, plural shilale)


ruv

Metathesis of an earlier form *vur, from Sanskrit वृक (vṛka).

O ruv xalǎs mire khajněn.


phabaj

Inherited from Sanskrit *भब्बा (bhabbā).


phabajin

Alternative form of phabalin (“apple tree”)


tumaro

tumaro m sg (feminine singular tumari, plural tumare)

tumari (feminine singular)
tumare (plural)


devel

devel m (accusative devles, nominative plural devla, accusative plural devlen)

Caló: debel

Two etymologies have been proposed:
# Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀤𑁂𑀯𑀉𑀮 (devaüla), from Sanskrit देवकुल (devakula).
# Inherited from Sanskrit देवता (devatā).


-a-

Forms the oblique singular stem of oikoclitic feminine nouns


pir

Alternative form of per (“belly, abdomen”)


Ǎ

(International Standard) The letter with A with the háček.


ö

(International Standard) The letter o with the umlaut.


Ě

(International Standard) The letter with E with the háček.


Ä

(International Standard) Used to represent a dialectal centralized vowel.


xumer

Borrowed from Old Armenian խմոր (xmor, “leaven, ferment, yeast”).


Ǐ

(International Standard) The letter with I with the háček.


ǐ

(International Standard) The letter with i with the háček.


grast

head

grast m anim (accusative grastes, nominative plural grasta, accusative plural grasten)

grastes (accusative)
grasta (nominative plural)
grasten (accusative plural)

Traveller Norwegian: grei

Borrowed from Old Armenian գրաստ (grast, “pack animal”).


burnek

Alternative form of búrnek (“a handful”).


Ś

(International Standard) The twenty-fifth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) Used to respresent a dialectal pronunciation of Čh.


th

(International Standard) The twenty-seventh letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The twenty-eighth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Ö

(International Standard) The letter O with the umlaut.


angar

Angloromani:

→ English: wonga

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀅𑀁𑀕𑀸𑀭 (aṃgāra), from Sanskrit अङ्गार (aṅgāra).


shukho

Anglicized form of śuko (“dry; thin, slim, lean”)


nalacho

head

nalacho (feminine nalachi, plural nalache)


A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called ćiriklo (“bird”) in Romani, and found on Ǎ/ǎ, Č/č, Čh/čh, Ď/ď, Dž/dž, Ě/ě, Ǧ/ǧ, Ǐ/ǐ, Ǩ/ǩ, Ľ/ľ, Ň/ň, Ǒ/ǒ, Ř/ř, Š/š, Ť/ť, Ǔ/ǔ and Ž/ž.

(International Standard) marking palatalization of the preceding consonant.

(Pan-Vlax) marking palatalization of the consonant below.


ś

(Pan-Vlax) Used to respresent a dialectal pronunciation of čh.


dudum

Borrowed from Old Armenian դդում (ddum).


lovo

Inherited from Sanskrit लोह (lohá). Cognate with Kachchi લો (lo, “iron”).


khuro

khuro m (accusative khures, nominative plural khure, accusative plural khuren)

khures (accusative)
khure (nominative plural)
khuren (accusative plural)

Inherited from Sanskrit घोटक (ghoṭaka, “horse”), from घोट (ghoṭa). But compare Middle Armenian քուռակ (kʻuṙak, “foal”).


vudar

From Sanskrit द्वार (dvā́ra), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰwā́ram, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (“gate, door”).
Cognate with:
* Old Persian 𐎯𐎺𐎼𐎹𐎠 (duvar-, “door, gate”),
* Hindi द्वार (dvār),
* Persian در (dar),
* Urdu دوار (dvār),
* English door,
* German Tür,
* Russian дверь (dverʹ),
* Albanian derë [deɾ].


baxtale

inflection of baxtalo:
nominative plural


-uno

rup (“silver”) + -uno → rupuno (“made of silver”)

somnakaj (“gold”) + -uno → somnakuno (“golden”)

Added to a noun to form an adjective meaning "made of".


taxtaj

head

taxtaj m or f (nominative plural taxtaja)

Borrowed from Persian طشت (tašt), طشتک (taštak).


ruvnyi

Anglicized spelling of ruvni (“she-wolf”)


ǒ

(International Standard) The letter with o with the háček.


Ï

(International Standard) The letter I with the umlaut.


kinel

Caló: quinar

Inherited from Sanskrit क्रीणाति (krīṇāti).

inh+

Hajde, ćhaje, pala ma'/Te kinav tuqe zlaga/Śukar sar tirre jakha

Come, girl, with me/To buy you earrings/As beautiful as your eyes.


skamin

Borrowed from Byzantine Greek σκαμνί (skamní, “stool”).


bulya

Alternative spelling of bulǎ, nominative plural of bul


graj

head

graj m (accusative grajes, nominative plural graja, accusative plural grajen)

grajes (accusative)
graja (nominative plural)
grajen (accusative plural)


lùja

(International Standard) Alternative form of luj


ǔ

(International Standard) The letter with u with the háček.


Ǔ

(International Standard) The letter with U with the háček.


daj

Compare Hindi दादी (dādī), Hindi दाई (dāī), Kurdish.


Porajmos

the Porajmos; the planned and attempted genocide of the Romani by National Socialist Germany


ćham

Angloromani: cham


-es-

interfix forming the singular oblique stem of oikoclitic (pre-European) masculine nouns


-en-

Forms the oblique plural stem of oikoclitic nouns


ćor

Caló: choro

→ Spanish: choro

Traveller Norwegian: kjår

→ Hungarian: csór

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀘𑁄𑀭 (cora), from Sanskrit चोर (cōrá). Cognate with Bengali চোর (cōr), Gujarati ચોર (cor), Hindustani چور / चोर (cor), Konkani चोर (cor), Marathi चोर (cor), and Nepali चोर (cor).


biś

→ Romanian: biștar

Inherited from Sanskrit विंशति (viṃśatí). Cognate with Hindi बीस (bīs), Persian بیست (bist).


nasvalo

→ Romanian: nașparliu

Inherited from Sanskrit न- (na-) + सफल (saphala, “fruitful, potent”).


mirro

head

mirro m sg (feminine singular mirri, plural mirre)

mirri (feminine singular)
mirre (plural)


-no

siklǒvel (“to study”) + -no → siklǒvno (“male student”)

udar (“door”) + -no → udarno (“doorkeeper”)

veś (“forest”) + -no → veśno (“forester”)

gudlǎrel (“to sweeten”) + -no → gudlǎrno (“sweetener, sugar”)

mudarel (“to kill”) + -no → mudarno (“murderer”)

-er; suffix used to create an agent noun, indicating a person who does (or a thing that does) something.


amal

amal m (accusative amales, nominative plural amala, accusative plural amalen)

amales (accusative)
amala (nominative plural)
amalen (accusative plural)

Borrowed from Pashto [script needed] (mal). Compare Ossetian [script needed] (ämbal).


phen

head

phen f anim (accusative singular/nominative plural phenǎ, accusative plural pheněn)

singular (accusative)
nominative plural phenǎ (accusative)
pheněn (accusative plural)

Angloromani: pen, pan, pey

Inherited from Sanskrit भगिनी (bhaginī).

Coordinate term: phral


iv

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀳𑀺𑀫 (hima), from Sanskrit हिम (hima).


Ph

(International Standard) The twenty-first letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The twenty-second letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


tumen

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe), Ashokan Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀨𑁂 (tuphe), from Sanskrit युष्म (yuṣma, second person plural pronominal base), with influence from त्व (tvá, second person singular pronominal base). Cognate to Hindi तुम (tum) and Gujarati તમે (tame).


rr

(International Standard) The twenty-third letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


kh

(International Standard) The fifteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

(Pan-Vlax) The sixteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


-eder

baro (“big”) + -eder → bareder (“bigger”)

-er, more; forms comparative adjectives and adverbs.


gadji

Alternative form of gaʒi (“gadje woman”)


-lin

phabaj (“apple”) + -lin → phabalin (“apple tree”)

used to form the names of trees bearing a particular type of fruit


ϴ

(International Standard) Used to represent -θar and -θe.


hudel

Duj Nyemci avle andro kher, hudne le dades, le phrales a maribnaha len tradenas andal amaro kher avri.

Two Germans entered the room, grabbed Dad and [my] brother and drove them out of the room by beating.


lyivinel

Aver Nyemcos hazdnya o pishtolyis, lyivindya, me imar cha dikhlyom, sar e daj peïlya. Palyis lyivindya the andre miri phenyori. The joj peïlya.


Ř

(Pan-Vlax) The twenty-fourth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Ǒ

(International Standard) The letter with O with the háček.


bokoli

Borrowed from Middle Armenian բոկեղ (bokeġ).


sasvi

Alternative form of sasuj (“mother-in-law”)


-orro

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit [script needed] (-ḍ-), from Sanskrit -र्- (-r-).

(International Standard) suffix indicating diminution


ivend

From Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀳𑁂𑀫𑀁𑀢 (hemaṃta), from Ashokan Prakrit [Term?], from Sanskrit हेमन्त (hemanta, “winter”).


śukar

Tavringer Romani: sjucker, sjycker

→ Swedish: sjucker

→ Romanian: șucar

Two etymologies have been proposed:
# Inherited from Sanskrit शुक्र (śukra).
# Inherited from Sanskrit शुक्रवार (śukravāra).

inh+

Mirri piramni si but śukar.

(International Standard) beautiful, handsome


maćho

Traveller Norwegian: makjo

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙 (maccha), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀫𑀙 (macha), from Sanskrit मत्स्य (matsya), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *mátsyas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mátsyas.


ʒukel

head

ʒukel m (accusative ʒukles, nominative plural ʒukela, accusative plural ʒuklen)

ʒukles (accusative)
ʒukela (nominative plural)
ʒuklen (accusative plural)

Tavringer Romani: jucklo, jycklo

→ Swedish: jycke

→ Dutch: joekel

→ Macedonian: џукела (džukela)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: џу̀кела

Latin script: džùkela

→ Czech: čokl


panʒ

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀧𑀁𑀘 (paṃca), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀧𑀁𑀘 (paṃca), from Sanskrit पञ्चन् (páñcan), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pánća, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pánča, from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe.


śtar

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀘𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀭𑀺 (cattāri), from Sanskrit चत्वारः (catvā́raḥ).


ćhavorro

head

ćhavorro m (accusative ćhavorres, nominative plural ćhavorre, accusative plural ćhavorren)

ćhavorres (accusative)
ćhavorre (nominative plural)
ćhavorren (accusative plural)

(International Standard) diminutive of ćhavo:

diminutive of ćhavo:
little boy (Romani)


ʒuvli

Caló: chuvli

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀚𑀼𑀯𑀇 (juvaï), from Sanskrit युवति (yuvatí, “young woman”). Cognate with Bhojpuri जोइ (jōi), Hindustani جوئی / जोई (joī), Nepali जोइ (joi), Sindhi جوءِ (joi).


ćhavo

ćhavo m anim (accusative ćhaves, nominative plural ćhave, accusative plural ćhaven)

ćhaves (accusative)
ćhave (nominative plural)
ćhaven (accusative plural)

desctree

Caló: chavó
→ Catalan: xaval
→ Spanish: chavo, chaval

→? Bulgarian: чаве (čave)

→? English: chav

→ German: Chabo

→ Hungarian: csávó

→ Romanian: șau, șeau

→? Russian: чувак (čuvak)

→ Swedish: tjabo

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀙𑀸𑀯 (chāva, “baby animal”), from Sanskrit छाप (chāpa). Cognate with Pali chāpa (“the young of an animal”), Marathi छावा (chāvā, “cub”) and Bengali ছা (cha, “the young of an animal, infant child”).


miśto

→ French: michto

→ Romanian: mișto

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀫𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞 (miṭṭha), from Sanskrit मिष्ट (miṣṭa), a later form of मृष्ट (mṛṣṭa). Cognate with Hindi मीठा (mīṭhā).


manuś

head

manuś m anim (accusative manuśes, nominative plural manuśa, accusative plural manuśen)

manuśes (accusative)
manuśa (nominative plural)
manuśen (accusative plural)

Angloromani: mannush

→ French: manouche

→ Hungarian: manus

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀫𑀡𑀼𑀲𑁆𑀲 (maṇussa), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀫𑀦𑀼𑀰 (manuśa), 𑀫𑀦𑀼𑀲 (manusa), 𑀫𑀦𑀼𑀱 (manuṣa), from Sanskrit मनुष्य (manuṣya), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *manuṣyás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *manušyás, from Proto-Indo-European *mon- (“man”).

inh+

Me dikhav jekh manuśes p-o drom.


buxlo

From Sanskrit बहुल (bahulá, “large, thick”).


kaśt

Inherited from Sanskrit काष्ठ (kāṣṭhá, “wood”). Cognate with Gujarati કાઠ (kāṭh) and Hindustani کاٹھ (kāṭh) / काठ (kāṭh).


raśaj

head

raśaj m (accusative raśajes, nominative plural raśaja, accusative plural raśajen)

raśajes (accusative)
raśaja (nominative plural)
raśajen (accusative plural)

Angloromani: rashai

Traveller Norwegian: rasjo

Inherited from Sanskrit ऋषि (ṛṣi, “singer of sacred hymns, sage”).


kangli

Inherited from Sanskrit कङ्कत (káṅkata). Cognate with Gujarati કાખાઈ (kākhāī), Hindustani ککَیّا / ककैया (kakaiyā), and Marathi कंकवा (kaṅkvā).


čhib

Pan-Vlax spelling of ćhib (“tongue; language”)


poriá

(Spanish Romani) Synonym of per (“belly, abdomen”)


poshík

From Old Armenian փոշի (pʻoši). Doublet of posh.


ćhaj

head

ćhaj f anim (accusative ćhaja, nominative plural ćhaja, accusative plural ćhajen)

ćhaja (accusative)
ćhaja (nominative plural)
ćhajen (accusative plural)

Angloromani: chai

Caló: chai

Tavringer Romani: tjej

desctree

→ Swedish: tjej
→ Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: kjei, kei
Norwegian Nynorsk: kjei, kei

→ English: chai

→ German: Chaya

→ Hungarian: csaj

(International Standard) female equivalent of ćhavo:


rakli

Angloromani: rakli

raklo (“non-Romani boy”) + -i (“feminine suffix”).

af

female equivalent of raklo (“gadje (non-Romani) girl”)


ʒukelorro

head

ʒukelorro m (nominative plural ʒukelorre)

(International Standard) diminutive of ʒukel: puppy


phuro

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀯𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (vuḍḍha), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀯𑀼𑀠 (vuḍha), from Sanskrit वृद्ध (vṛddha, “old”).

inh+

Keren savorale drom, te khelel o puro rom


mamux

Borrowed from Armenian մամուխ (mamux, “sloe”). Boretzky and Igla (1994) compared it with Persian مهمیز (mahmiz) and Turkish mahmūz (“spur, goad”) without knowing about the Armenian word.


gaʒi

Angloromani: gadji

Caló: gachí
→ Spanish: gachí

French: gadji

gaʒo (“non-Romani man”) + -i (“feminine suffix”).

af

(International Standard) female equivalent of gaʒo (“gadje (non-Romani person) woman”)


deś

From Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀤𑀲 (dasa), from Sanskrit दश (daśa), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *dáśa, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dáća, from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥.


gaʒo

head

gaʒo m (accusative gaʒes, nominative plural gaʒe, accusative plural gaʒen)

gaʒes (accusative)
gaʒe (nominative plural)
gaʒen (accusative plural)

Angloromani: gadjo

Caló: gaché

→ Czech: gadžo

→ English: gadjo, gadgie

→ French: gadjo

→ Portuguese: gajo

→ Romanian: gagiu

Two etymologies have been proposed:
# Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit *𑀕𑀚𑁆𑀛 (*gajjha), from Sanskrit गार्ह्य (gārhya, “domestic”).
# Inherited from Sanskrit गय (gaya, “house”).

inh+

(International Standard) gadje (non-Romani) man


rromni

head

rromni f anim (accusative rromnǎ, nominative plural rromnǎ, accusative plural rromněn)

rromnǎ (accusative)
rromnǎ (nominative plural)
rromněn (accusative plural)

Caló: romí

Inherited from Sanskrit डोम्बिनी (ḍombinī), feminine of डोम्ब (ḍomba). By surface analysis, rrom (“Romani man”) + -ni (“feminine suffix”). Cognate with Hindustani ڈومنی / डोमनी (ḍomnī), Marwari डूमणी (ḍūmṇī), and Punjabi ڈومنی / ਡੂਮਣੀ (ḍūmṇī)

surf

(International Standard) female equivalent of rrom


aćh Devleça

(International Standard) goodbye, literally "stay with God" (said to the person remaining)


aćhen Devleça

(International Standard) goodbye, literally "stay with God" (said to those remaining)


ʒan Devleça

(International Standard) goodbye, literally "go with God" (said to those leaving)


sov Devleça

(International Standard) good night, literally "sleep with God" (said to one person)


soven Devleça

(International Standard) good night, literally "sleep with God" (said to two or more people)


laćho dǐves

Tavringer Romani: lattjo dives


ʒa Devleça

(International Standard) goodbye, literally "go with God" (said to the person leaving)


rrom

head

rrom m anim (accusative rromes, nominative plural rroma, accusative plural rromen)

rromes (accusative)
rroma (nominative plural)
rromen (accusative plural)

Angloromani: rom

→ Bulgarian: ром (rom)

→ Czech: Rom

→ Dutch: Rom

→ English: Rom

→ French: Rom

→ German: Rom

→ Greek: Ρομ (Rom)

→ Polish: Rom

→ Portuguese: rom

→ Romanian: rom

→ Serbo-Croatian: Róm

→ Slovak: Róm

→ Swedish: rom

→ Ukrainian: ром (rom)

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀟𑁄𑀁𑀩 (ḍoṃba), from Sanskrit डोम्ब (ḍomba, “Dom”), which could be of Dravidian or Munda origin.
For more information, see English Roma.
Cognates
Assamese ডোম (düm), Bengali ডম (ḍom), Hindustani ڈوم / डोम (ḍom), Marathi डोम (ḍom), Marwari डूम (ḍūm), Nepali डुम (ḍum), Odia ଡମ (ḍama), Punjabi ڈوم / ਡੂਮ (ḍūm), and Sindhi ڏۇمُ (ḍ̠ūmu).


drabarni

drabarel (“to read; to cast magic”, verb) + -ni (“agent noun suffix”)


laćho

Angloromani: latcho

Caló: lachó

Erromintxela: latxo

Tavringer Romani: lattjo

→ Swedish: lattjo

Uncertain. Several etymologies have been proposed:
# Inherited from Sanskrit अच्छ (accha), with a "l-" prothesis, thus, being a cognate of Hindi अच्छा (acchā).
# Inherited from Sanskrit लक्ष्मक (lakṣmaka), लक्ष्मी (lakṣmī). Compare also लक्षित (lakṣita).

inh+

(International Standard) good, right, nice


rromani ćhib

Angloromani: Romani jib

(International Standard) Romani language


rromano

→ Turkish: Roman


Isàura

(International Standard) a female given name


Mihàj

(International Standard) a male given name


Rumùnia

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

(International Standard) Romania (a country in Southeast Europe)


te aves baxtali

hello, literally "be lucky" (addressing a female)


te aven baxtale

hello, literally "be lucky" (addressing two or more people)


rromanes

(International Standard)
in the Romani way

(International Standard)
in the Romani language


te aves baxtalo

I Isàura: Te aves baxtalo! Ʒanes rromanes?
O Hìrośi: Te aves baxtali! Va, ʒanav rromanes. Kon san?

2018, Yūsuke Sumi, ニューエクスプレス ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (overall work in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, page 18:

Isàura: Hello! Can you speak in Romani?
Hiroshi: Hello! Yes, I can speak in Romani. Who are you?

hello, literally "be lucky" (addressing a male)


ćhib

head

ćhib f inan (nominative plural ćhibǎ or ćhiba)

ćhibǎ (nominative plural)
ćhiba (nominative plural)

Caló: chipí

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (jibbhā), from Sanskrit जिह्वा (jihvā, “tongue”). Compare Hindi जीभ (jībh, “tongue”) and Punjabi ਜੀਭ (jībh, “tongue”).

inh+

Ame na kam bistaras amari ćhib.


ćovaxani

Borrowed from Old Armenian ճիւաղ (čiwał), ճուաղն (čuałn).

bor+

(International Standard) female equivalent of ćovaxano:

female equivalent of ćovaxano:
ghost, apparition

The original Romani term for witch is čoxani/čovaxani, while loanwords from the contact language are also used, like bosorka in Slovak Romani, vražitoŕa in Ursari Romani, veštica in Arli Romani, or džadija in Sepečides Romani.

2021 August 19 (last accessed), “Culture 1.9: Religion and Beliefs”, in Factsheets on Romani (in English), archived from the original on date unknown:

female equivalent of ćovaxano:
witch, sorceress


ćumidel

Ćumide man!


ćirikli

(International Standard) female equivalent of ćiriklo (“bird”)


dǐves

(International Standard) Alternative form of dives (“day”)


luludǐ

head

luludǐ f inan (nominative plural luludǎ)

Borrowed from Byzantine Greek λουλούδι (louloúdi, “flower”).


murś

Angloromani: mush
→ English: mush

desc

Tavringer Romani: mus, muss, musij, mossj, måssj

→ Swedish: musch, mors (possibly)

Inherited from Sanskrit पुरुष (puruṣa), with influence from मनुष्य (manuṣya). Cognate with Sindhi [script needed] (mursu) and Khetrani [script needed] (murs).

(International Standard) man (regardless of whether he is Romani or not)


ćumi

Inherited from Sanskrit चुम्ब (cumba). Cognate with Gujarati ચૂમી (cūmī) and Hindustani چُمّا / चुम्मा (cummā).


ćaćo

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀘𑁆𑀘 (sacca), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀲𑀘 (saca), from Sanskrit सत्य (satya, “true”). Cognates include Hindi सच्चा (saccā, “true”).


fal man miśto

(International Standard) pleased to meet you


nais tuqe

(International Standard) thank you (to one person)


palikerav tumenqe

(International Standard) thank you (to more than one person)


enǎ

(International Standard) Alternative form of enia (“nine”)


mesèli

Borrowed from Byzantine Greek μεσάλι (mesáli, “tablecloth”, dialectal).


tetradǐ

Borrowed from Byzantine Greek Τετάρτη (Tetártē, “Wednesday”).


ćaćipen

Caló: chachipén


śil

Caló: jil

Inherited from Sanskrit शीत (śīta), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelt-.


bêng

Zha ka o bêng.


felǎstra

Borrowed from Romanian fereastră, from Latin fenestra (“window”).


ʒamutro

head

ʒamutro m (accusative ʒamutres, nominative plural ʒamutre, accusative plural ʒamutren)

ʒamutres (accusative)
ʒamutre (nominative plural)
ʒamutren (accusative plural)

Inherited from Sanskrit *जामात्र (jāmātra). Related to Sanskrit जामातृ (jāmātṛ). Cognate with Kashmiri زامتُر (zāmtur) and Sindhi ڄاٽو (j̄āṭo).


khere

Beśav khere.


veś

Tavringer Romani: vissj, vässj

→ Swedish: vischan

Borrowed from Iranian. Compare Middle Persian [script needed] (wyšk' /wēšag/) and Persian بیشه (bêše).

cog

O ruv trail anθ-o veś.


śunel

Caló: junar

desc

→ Spanish: junar (“see, watch, observe”)

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁂𑀤𑀺 (suṇedi), from Sanskrit शृणोति (śṛṇoti). Cognate with Hindi सुनना (sunnā), Gujarati સુણવું (suṇvũ) and Assamese শুনা (xuna).

inh+

Śun manqe!


rǎt

(International Standard) Alternative form of rat (“night”)


árka

Árka-Nowêski


ʒeni

(International Standard) female equivalent of ʒeno; person


ćorel

→ Czech: čórovat, čórnout

→ Romanian: ciordi

Inherited from Apabhramsa चोरइ (coraï), from Sanskrit चोरयति (corayati, “to steal, rob”).
Cognates
Cognate with Konkani चोर्चे (tsorce), Gujarati ચોરવું (corvũ), Hindi चोरना (cornā), Marathi चोरणे (corṇe, “to steal”).


berś

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀯𑀭𑀺𑀲 (varisa), from Sanskrit वर्ष (varṣá, “year”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wers-ó-m, from the root *h₁wers- (“to rain”). Cognate with Gujarati વરસ (varas) and Hindustani بَرس / बरस (baras).


briśind

Inherited from Prakrit *𑀯𑀭𑀺𑀱𑀦𑁆𑀢 (*variṣanta), *𑀯𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀦𑁆𑀢 (*varisanta), from Sanskrit वर्षति (varṣati, “to rain”). Cognate with Gujarati વરસવું (varasvũ), Hindustani بَرَسْنا (barasnā) / बरसना (barasnā), and Sindhi وَسَڻُ (vasaṇu).


truśul

Angloromani: trushel, tushel

desc

Caló: trijul, trejú, trixul, trejul, trexul, trujul, truxul

Inherited from Sanskrit त्रिशूल (triśūla, “trident”).


-ipen

From Prakrit -𑀇𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀡 (-ippaṇa), from Sanskrit -इत्वन (-itvana).

sasto (“healthy”) + -ipen → sastipen (“health”)

Used to form abstract nouns, usually from adjectives, denoting quality or state; -ness


mança

Phendem lesqe te ʒal mança anθ-o fòro.


śero

→ Hungarian: séró

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀺𑀭 (sira), from Sanskrit शिरस् (śiras).


-θe

(International Standard) attaches to the oblique stem to form the locative case.


-qi

(International Standard) feminine singular of -qo


-qo

(International Standard) Alternative form of -qero


-!a

Devel (“God”) + -!a → Devl!a (“God!”)

Forms the vocative singular of some oikoclitic mascunine nouns.


-θar

Possibly from an Eastern Iranian language. Compare Pashto تر (tar, “from”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tr̥Hás (“through”).

(International Standard) attaches to the oblique stem to form the ablative case.


-qe

man (“me”) + -qe → manqe

(International Standard) attaches to the oblique stem to form the dative case


laʒ

Caló: lacha

→ Spanish: lacha

desc

Tavringer Romani: ladjas, lajjas, lajvas

→ Swedish: laja, lajbans

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀮𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸 (lajjā), from Sanskrit लज्जा (lajjā), from the root लस्ज् (lasj), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *lazȷ́- (“to be shy, to be embarrassed”).


ćhuri

Tavringer Romani: tjuro, tjuring

→ Swedish: tjuring

Romanian: șuriu

French: surin

→ French: suriner

Traveller Norwegian: kjuring

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kjuring

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀙𑀼𑀭𑀻 (churī), from Sanskrit क्षुरी (kṣurī, “knife, dagger”).


řom

Pan-Vlax spelling of rrom (“Romani man; husband”)


gadže

nominative plural of gadžo (“non-Romani man”)


sasuj

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀽 (sassū), from Sanskrit श्वश्रू (śvaśrū), from Proto-Indo-European *sweḱrúh₂. Compare Hindi सास (sās) and Kalasha isprés.


čačo

Pan-Vlax spelling of ćaćo (“right; correct; straight”)


šukar

Pan-Vlax spelling of śukar (“beautiful”)


šukar

Pan-Vlax spelling of śukar (“beautifully”)


Kalo

a male given name from Sanskrit [in turn from Proto-Dravidian]


Raji

From the noun raji (“mistress, lady, dame”).


Dumali

From the adjective dumalo (“talkative”).


murš

Pan-Vlax form of murś (“man (regardless of whether he is Romani or not)”)


šuko

Pan-Vlax spelling of śuko (“dry; thin, slim, lean”)


řomni

Pan-Vlax spelling of rromni (“Romani woman; wife”)


čhaj

Pan-Vlax spelling of ćhaj (“Romani girl; daughter”)


čhavo

Pan-Vlax spelling of ćhavo (“Romani boy; son”)


gaʒikano

head

gaʒikano (feminine gaʒikani, plural gaʒikane)


śuko

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (sukkha), from Sanskrit शुष्क (śuṣka, “dry”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsúškas (“dry”), derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂sews- (“to be dry”).

der

(International Standard)
thin, slim, lean


miśto avilǎn

(International Standard) welcome (greeting a single person)


miśto avile

(International Standard) welcome (greeting multiple people)


rromanipen

head

rromanipen m (nominative plural rromanimàta)

(International Standard) The quality, state or characteristic of being Romani.


ćh

(International Standard) The fifth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


rromes

inflection of rrom:
singular oblique stem


ćući

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀘𑀼𑀘𑀼𑀬 (cucuya), 𑀘𑀼𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀼𑀬 (cuccuya), from Sanskrit *चुच्चि (cucci).

(International Standard, anatomy) breast


ćorro

→ Hungarian: csóró

→ Spanish: chorro

Inherited from Sanskrit छोर (chora). Compare Punjabi چھورا (chorā) and Sindhi ڇورو (choro, “orphan”).


Čh

(Pan-Vlax) The fifth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.


śel

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀤 (sada), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀲𑀢 (sata), from Sanskrit शत (śata).


ʒivel

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀤𑀺 (jīvadi), from Sanskrit जीवति (jīvati).


fòros

Borrowed from Byzantine Greek φόρος (phóros).


kòkalo

→ Romanian: cocal

Borrowed from Byzantine Greek κόκκαλον (kókkalon, “bone”), from Ancient Greek κόκκαλος (kókkalos, “pine kernel”).


sàvato

Borrowed from Byzantine Greek σάββατον (sábbaton, “Saturday, Sabbath”).


ʒal

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit [script needed] (jāï) from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀬𑀸𑀢𑀺 (yāti), from Sanskrit याति (yāti).


čhon

Pan-Vlax spelling of ćhon (“moon; month”)


ćhon

Inherited from Sanskrit ज्योत्स्ना (jyotsnā, “moonlight”).


purano

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀧𑀼𑀭𑀸𑀡 (purāṇa) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-), from Sanskrit पुराण (purāṇa). Cognate with Hindi पुराना (purānā).


abǎv

(International Standard) Alternative form of biav


aćh

second-person singular imperative of aćhel


biav

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀯𑀺𑀯𑀸𑀳 (vivāha), from Sanskrit विवाह (vivāhá). Cognate with Hindustani بياه / ब्याह (byāh) and Marwari ब्याव (byāv).


aćhel

→ Hungarian: ácsi

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀅𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀤𑀺 (acchadi), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀅𑀙𑀢𑀺 (achati), from Sanskrit आक्षेति (ākṣeti).

(International Standard, intransitive)
to stay

(International Standard, intransitive)
to remain


aćhen

second-person plural imperative of aćhel


ʒanel

desc

→ Romanian: gini (“to notice, to observe, to pay attention to”)

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀚𑀸𑀡𑀤𑀺 (jāṇadi), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀚𑀸𑀦𑀢𑀺 (jānati), from Sanskrit जानाति (jānā́ti). Cognates include Hindi जानना (jānnā).

inh+

Voj na ʒanel so te del dùma.

Tu ʒanes la?


ćiriklo

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀘𑀺𑀟𑀺𑀕 (ciḍiga) or 𑀘𑀺𑀟𑀺𑀕𑀭𑀻 (ciḍigarī), from Sanskrit चटक (caṭaka).


raklǎ

inflection of rakli:
singular oblique stem


paraśtuj

head

paraśtuj f (nominative plural paraśtuja)

Borrowed from Byzantine Greek Παρασκευή (Paraskeuḗ).


źoj

Borrowed from Romanian joi (“Thursday”), from Latin diēs Iovis (literally “day of Jupiter”).


ʒuv

Inherited from Sanskrit यूक (yūka, “louse”). Compare Hindi जूँ (jū̃).


martǐ

Borrowed from Romanian marți (“Tuesday”), from Latin diēs Martis (literally “day of Mars”).


rròta

Borrowed from Romanian roată, from Latin rota, from Proto-Indo-European *Hret- (“to roll”).


ćhaves

inflection of ćhavo:
accusative singular

inflection of ćhavo:
oblique singular stem


ćhaven

inflection of ćhavo:
oblique plural stem


gudlo

Inherited from Sanskrit *गुडल (guḍala) or *गुडड (guḍaḍa). Cognate to Hindi गुड़ (guṛ).


manuśni

(International Standard) female equivalent of manuś; woman, female person


ćoxani

(International Standard) Alternative form of ćovaxani


xanamik

Borrowed from Old Armenian խնամի (xnami, “in-law”).


ćovaxano

Borrowed from Old Armenian ճիւաղ (čiwał), ճուաղն (čuałn).

No change in word class is involved in the inflectional derivation of gender counterparts in nouns, e.g. gadž-o 'non-Romani man' ↔ gadž-i 'non-Romani woman', rakl-o 'non-Romani lad' ↔ rakl-i 'non-Romani girl', čovaxan-o 'wizzard [sic]' ↔ čovaxan-i 'witch', etc.

2020, Viktor Elšík, “Romani Morphology”, in Yaron Matras, Anton Tenser, editors, The Palgrave Handbook of Romani Language and Linguistics (in English), Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN, page 180:

(International Standard)
wizard, sorcerer


sastro

Two etymologies have been proposed:
# Inherited from Sanskrit श्वाशुर (śvāśura).
# Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀲𑀼𑀭 (sasura), from Sanskrit श्वशुर (śvaśura).


ʒeno

head

ʒeno m (accusative ʒenes, nominative plural ʒene, accusative plural ʒenen)

ʒenes (accusative)
ʒene (nominative plural)
ʒenen (accusative plural)

Inherited from Sanskrit जन (jana). Compare Hindi जना (janā).


nalačho

nalačho (feminine nalačhi, plural nalačhe)


nalaćho

nalaćho (feminine nalaćhi, plural nalaćhe)


ućhar

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀙𑀸𑀭 (chāra), from Sanskrit क्षार (kṣāra).


thagar

head

thagar m (accusative thagares, nominative plural thagara, accusative plural thagaren)

thagares (accusative)
thagara (nominative plural)
thagaren (accusative plural)

Borrowed from Old Armenian թագաւոր (tʻagawor).


patǐv

head

patǐv f (nominative plural patǐvǎ or patǐva)

patǐvǎ (nominative plural)
patǐva (nominative plural)

Borrowed from Old Armenian պատիւ (patiw).


paramìsi

Borrowed from Byzantine Greek παραμύθι (paramúthi).

(International Standard) story, (fairy/folk) tale


zèleno

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian zelen, from Proto-Slavic *zelenъ.


śelo

Inherited from Sanskrit शुल्ब (śulba) or शुल्व (śulva).


tikno

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀢𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔 (tikkha) or 𑀢𑀺𑀔𑀺𑀦 (tikhina), from Sanskrit तीक्ष्ण (tīkṣṇa).


bakro

head

bakro m (accusative bakres, nominative plural bakre, accusative plural bakren)

bakres (accusative)
bakre (nominative plural)
bakren (accusative plural)

Inherited from Sanskrit बर्कर (bárkara). Cognate with Hindi बकरा (bakrā), બકરો (bakro), Marwari बकरो (bakro), and Sindhi ٻَڪِرو (ḇakiro).


enia

Borrowed from Byzantine Greek ἐννέα (ennéa).


-qero

head

-qero (feminine singular -qeri, plural -qere)

-qeri (feminine singular)
-qere (plural)

(International Standard) Attaches to the oblique stem to form the genitive case.


-ěn-

(International Standard) Alternative form of -en-


-ěn

rromni (“Romani woman”) + -ěn → rromněn

(International Standard) Alternative form of -en


vòrta

(International Standard) Alternative form of òrta (“straight (ahead)”)


-ǎ-

Forms the oblique singular stem of oikoclitic nouns ending in -i

Forms the oblique singular stem of jotated consonantal oikoclitic feminine nouns


vordon

vordon m inan (nominative plural vordona)

Angloromani: vardo

→ English: vardo

Borrowed from Iranian. Compare Ossetian уӕрдон (wærdon) and Middle Persian [script needed] (wardyūn).


òrta

Borrowed from Byzantine Greek ὀρθός (orthós) or ὀρθά (orthá).

bor+

(International Standard) straight (ahead)


khil

Two etymologies have been proposed:
# Inherited from Sanskrit घृत (ghṛta).
# Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀔𑀻𑀭 (khīra), from Sanskrit क्षीर (kṣīra, “milk”).


guruv

head

guruv m (accusative guruves, nominative plural guruva, accusative plural guruven)

guruves (accusative)
guruva (nominative plural)
guruven (accusative plural)

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀕𑁄𑀭𑀽𑀯 (gorūva), from Sanskrit गोरूप (gorūpá, “cow-shaped”). Cognate with Hindustani گورُو / गोरू (gorū).


-ǎ

pani (“water”) + -ǎ → panǎ

ćhuri (“knife”) + -ǎ → ćhurǎ (“knives”)

Forms the nominative plural of oikoclitic nouns ending in -i

phen (“sister”) + -ǎ → phenǎ (“sisters”)

Forms the nominative plural of jotated consonantal oikoclitic feminine nouns

Forms the accusative singular of oikoclitic animate nouns ending in -i

Forms the accusative singular of jotated consonantal oikoclitic feminine animate nouns


piramno

piramno m (accusative piramnes, nominative plural piramne, accusative plural piramnen)

piramnes (accusative)
piramne (nominative plural)
piramnen (accusative plural)


piramni

piramni f (accusative piramnǎ, nominative plural piramnǎ, accusative plural piramněn)

piramnǎ (accusative)
piramnǎ (nominative plural)
piramněn (accusative plural)

female equivalent of piramno: girlfriend, lover


phakh

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀧𑀓𑁆𑀔 (pakkha), from Sanskrit पक्ष (pakṣa). Cognate with Hindi पंख (paṅkh) and Bengali পাখা (pakha).


khino

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀔𑀻𑀦 (khīna, “destroyed, exhauted”), from Sanskrit क्षीण (kṣīṇa) or खिन्न (khinna).


gurumni

guruv (“ox, bull”) + -ni (“feminine suffix”)


phabalin

head

phabalin f (nominative plural phabalinǎ)


grasni

grasni f (accusative grasnǎ, nominative plural grasnǎ, accusative plural grasněn)

grasnǎ (accusative)
grasnǎ (nominative plural)
grasněn (accusative plural)

grast (“horse”) + -ni (“feminine suffix”)


kiral

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀓𑀺𑀮𑀸𑀟 (kilāḍa), from Sanskrit किलाट (kilāṭa). Compare Khowar [script needed] (kiḷaḷ).


kirmo

Ultimately Derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kŕ̥miš, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷŕ̥mis. Two immediate etymologies have been proposed:
# Inherited from Sanskrit कृमि (kṛmi), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *kŕ̥miṣ.
# Borrowed from Iranian, from Proto-Iranian *kŕ̥miš.


luludǒl

(International Standard) to blossom, to flourish


luludǎrel

(International Standard) to make a flower blossom


śing

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀕 (siṃga), from Sanskrit शृङ्ग (śṛṅga, “horn”).


ćhajorri

ćhaj (“Romani girl”) + -orri (“diminutive suffix”).

af

(International Standard) diminutive of ćhaj: little girl (Romani)


bakri

head

bakri f (accusative bakrǎ, nominative plural bakrǎ, accusative plural bakrěn)

bakrǎ (accusative)
bakrǎ (nominative plural)
bakrěn (accusative plural)

bakro (“sheep”) + -i (“feminine suffix”).


thagarni

head

thagarni f (accusative thagarnǎ, nominative plural thagarnǎ, accusative plural thagarněn)

thagarnǎ (accusative)
thagarnǎ (nominative plural)
thagarněn (accusative plural)

thagar (“king”) + -ni (“feminine suffix”).


morthǐ

Borrowed from Old Armenian մորթի (mortʻi), մորթ (mortʻ).


minʒ

→ English: minge

→ Czech: minža

Uncertain. Possibly borrowed from Old Armenian մէջ (mēǰ, “loins, belly, abdomen”).
Alternatively, and more likely, inherited from Sanskrit मध्य (madhya), thus cognate with Hindi माँझ (māñjh, “in, inside”), Punjabi ਮੰਝ (mañjh, “in the middle of the body”) and Kashmiri مَنٛز (manz, “in, inside, within”).


khak

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀓𑀓𑁆𑀔 (kakkha), from Sanskrit कक्ष (kakṣa).


naśel

Inherited from Sanskrit नश्यति (naśyati).

inh+

(intransitive, International Standard) to run away, to flee


drakh

Inherited from Sanskrit द्राक्षा (drākṣā).


barvalo

head

barvalo (feminine barvali, plural barvale)

Compare Prakrit 𑀩𑀮𑀯𑀁𑀢 (balavaṃta, “endowed with power”).


bikinel

Tavringer Romani: bickna, bäckna

→ Swedish: beckna

Inherited from Sanskrit *विक्रिणाति (vikriṇāti), *विक्रीणाति (vi-krīṇāti).


akhor

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁄𑀟 (akkhoḍa), from Sanskrit अक्षोट (akṣoṭa). Cognate with Gujarati અખોડ (akhoḍ).


tordǒl

(International Standard, intransitive)
to rest

(International Standard, intransitive)
to stop

(International Standard, intransitive)
to stand


ćùngra

Compare Prakrit चूड (cūḍa), चूल (cūla), from Sanskrit चूडा (cūḍā).


ćhàdel

Inherited from Prakrit [script needed] (chaḍḍaï), [script needed] (chaḍḍeï), from Sanskrit छर्दयति (chardayati).

(International Standard) to vomit, to be sick


ambrolin

head

ambrolin f (nominative plural ambrolinǎ)

ambrol (“pear”) + -(l)in (“suffix denoting a tree”).


-ǒm

(International Standard) Attaches to the perfective stem to form the first-person singular past tense.


xoraxaj

head

xoraxaj m (accusative xoraxajes, nominative plural xoraxaja, accusative plural xoraxajen)

xoraxajes (accusative)
xoraxaja (nominative plural)
xoraxajen (accusative plural)

From Persian قراخان (qarâkhân), of Turkic origin, from Old Turkic 𐰴𐰺𐰀 (qr¹a, “black; courageous”) (from Proto-Turkic *kara) + 𐰴𐰍𐰣 (qǧn¹, “khan, ruler”) (corresponding to modern English khan). Compare English Karakhanid.
Alternatively, related to English Koranite.


korkoro

head

korkoro (feminine korkori, plural korkore)

Cognate with Assamese অকলশৰে (okolxore, “alone, without someone else's help”).

cog

Devla mirre ćhavorre/On aćhilen korkore ― God, my children/They remained alone.

1994, Nicolae Guță, P-e droma ʒav thaj phirav:


azilánto

head

azilánto m (accusative azilantos, nominative plural azilánte, accusative plural azilanton)

azilantos (accusative)
azilánte (nominative plural)
azilanton (accusative plural)


Anglíya

England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


manrro

Inherited from Sanskrit मण्ड (maṇḍa) or मण्डक (maṇḍaka).

Manges manrro? Ya, mangav manrro.


Gazho

Beshel pála Gazho.


abiyado

abiyado m (feminine abiyadi, plural abiyade)


Áfrika

Afrikáko

Afrikanítsko

Afrikáno,Afrikánto


alfabéto

Či žanel lesko alfabéto.


Djanuwári

Djanuwárone


brichíri

wárekai inkyal e brichíri


charánchi

Russian: саранча (saranča)


djungalo

djúngale vórbi


fákso

Tradav po fákso.


țâcno

Romanian spelling of cikno, alternative form of tikno.


zuralo

O Devla si but zuralo.


mukhel

(transitive) to leave, to abandon, to relinquish