اسلام

pa-proper noun

اِسْلام • (īslām) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਇਸਲਾਮ)

اِسْلام (canonical)
īslām (romanization)
ਇਸਲਾਮ (Gurmukhi)

Ultimately from Arabic إِسْلَام (ʔislām).


مصر

مِصَر • (miṣar) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਮਿਸਰ)

مِصَر (canonical)
miṣar (romanization)
ਮਿਸਰ (Gurmukhi)

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


ਪੰਜਾਬੀ

ਪੰਜਾਬੀ • (pañjābī) f (Shahmukhi spelling پنجابی)

pañjābī (romanization)
پنجابی (Shahmukhi)

From ਪੰਜਾਬ (pañjāb) + -ਈ (-ī, adjectival suffix).


انگریزی

pa-proper noun

ان٘گریزِی • (transliteration needed) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ)

ان٘گریزِی (canonical)
ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ (Gurmukhi)

Borrowed from Urdu اَن٘گْریزی (aṅgrezī). By surface analysis, ان٘گریز (“the English”) + ـی (-ī).


ਹਿੰਦ

pa-proper noun

ਹਿੰਦ • (hind) m (Shahmukhi spelling ہند)

hind (romanization)
ہند (Shahmukhi)
ਹਿੰਦ (direct singular)
ਹਿੰਦ (direct plural)
ਹਿੰਦ (oblique singular)
ਹਿੰਦਾਂ (oblique plural)
ਹਿੰਦਾ (singular vocative)
ਹਿੰਦੋ (plural vocative)
ਹਿੰਦੋਂ (ablative singular)
ਹਿੰਦੇ (locative singular)
ਹਿੰਦੀਂ (locative plural)
ਹਿੰਦੇ (instrumental singular)
ਹਿੰਦੀਂ (instrumental plural)

Borrowed from Classical Persian هند (hind); see there for more.


ਭਾਰਤ

pa-proper noun

ਭਾਰਤ • (bhārat) m (Shahmukhi spelling بھارت)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit भारत (bhārata).


اسد

pa-proper noun

اَسَد • (asad) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਅਸਦ)

اَسَد (canonical)
asad (romanization)
ਅਸਦ (Gurmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian اَسَد (asad), from Arabic أَسَد (ʔasad).


سنگھ

pa-proper noun

سِن٘گھ • (siṉgh) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਿੰਘ)

سِن٘گھ (canonical)
siṉgh (romanization)
ਸਿੰਘ (Gurmukhi)

From Sanskrit सिंह (siṃha), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *sinźʰás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sinȷ́ʰás, from dialectal Proto-Indo-European *sinǵʰo-, ultimately a borrowing from a Central Asian substrate language.


ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ

ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ • (sãyukat rāj amrīkā) ?

United States of America
United States of America#English

United States of America (a country in North America)


یونان

یُونان • (yūnān) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਯੂਨਾਨ)

یُونان (canonical)
yūnān (romanization)
ਯੂਨਾਨ (Gurmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian یُونَان (yūnān).

bor+

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


ਰੱਬ

Borrowed from Classical Persian رب (rabb), from Arabic رَبّ (rabb). Compare Hindi रब (rab).

ਰੱਬ ਰਾਖਾ


گل

pa-proper noun

گِلّ • (gill) m or f (Gurmukhi spelling ਗਿੱਲ)

گِلّ (canonical)
gill (romanization)
ਗਿੱਲ (Gurmukhi)

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀕𑀺𑀮𑁆𑀮 (gilla), from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀕𑁆𑀭𑀺𑀮𑁆𑀮 (*grilla).


محمد

محمد • (muhammad) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਮੁਹੰਮਦ)

muhammad (romanization)
ਮੁਹੰਮਦ (Gurmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian مُحَمَّد (muhammad), from Arabic مُحَمَّد (muḥammad).

bor+

a male given name, Muhammad or Mohammed, from Arabic


امریکہ

pa-proper noun

امریکہ • (amrīkā) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਅਮਰੀਕਾ)

America, United States of America (a country in North America; in full, United States of America)

America, the Americas (a supercontinent consisting of North America, Central America and South America regarded as a whole; in full, the Americas)


عرب

عَرَب • (ʻarab) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਅਰਬ)

عَرَب (canonical)
ʻarab (romanization)
ਅਰਬ (Gurmukhi)

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates

Arabia (a peninsula of Western Asia between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf; includes Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates)

(broader sense) Arabia (the region of Western Asia within or adjacent to the Arabian Plate; Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, the Egyptian Sinai, Palestine and the United Arab Emirates)


ਤਾਜ ਮਹਿਲ

ਤਾਜ ਮਹਿਲ • (tāj mahil) m (Shahmukhi spelling تاج محل)

tāj mahil (romanization)
تاج محل (Shahmukhi)

/t̪äːd͡ʒə̆‿mɛː˦lə̆/

Taj Mahal (a monument in Agra, India, constructed between 1631 and 1654, considered one of the finest examples of Mughal architecture in the world)


پاکستان

پاکستان • (pākistān) ? (Gurmukhi spelling ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ)

pākistān (romanization)
ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ (Gurmukhi)


ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ

ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ • (vāhigurū) m (Shahmukhi spelling واہگرو)

vāhigurū (romanization)
واہگرو (Shahmukhi)
ਵਾਹਗੁਰੂ (alternative)

/ʋɑːhǽ.ɡʊ.ruː/

Pa-ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ.ogg

ਵਾਹ (vāh, “wondrous”) + ਗੁਰੂ (gurū, “enlightened”)

af

ਸਤਿ ਸਾਚੁ ਸ੍ਰੀ ਨਿਵਾਸੁ ਆਦਿ ਪੁਰਖੁ ਸਦਾ ਤੁਹੀ ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ ਵਾਹਿ ਜੀਉ

Guru Granth Sahib, Bhatt Gayand, translation by Dr. Sant Singh Khalsa, ang 515

You are forever True, the Home of Excellence, the Primal Supreme Being. wow Wondrous Enlightener, Wondrous Enlightener, Wondrous Enlightener.

sat sāch srī nivās ād purakh sadā tuhī wāhegurū wāhegurū wāhegurū wāhe jīo

ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ ਮਿਹਰ ਕਰੇ.


صاحب

pa-proper noun

صاحب • (sāhab) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਾਹਿਬ)


عربی

عَرَبی • (ʻarabī) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਅਰਬੀ)

عَرَبی (canonical)
ʻarabī (romanization)
ਅਰਬੀ (Gurmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian عَرَبِی (arabī).


مراکش

pa-proper noun

مَراکَش • (marākaś) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਮਰਾਕਿਸ਼)

مَراکَش (canonical)
marākaś (romanization)
ਮਰਾਕਿਸ਼ (Gurmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian مَرَاکِش (marākiš), from Arabic مُرّاكُش (murrākuš).

bor+

Marrakech (the capital city of the Marrakesh-Safi region, Morocco)


عیسی

pa-noun

عِیسیٰ • (ʻīsā) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਈਸਾ)

عِیسیٰ (canonical)
ʻīsā (romanization)
ਈਸਾ (Gurmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian عِیسَیٰ (īsā), borrowed from Arabic عِيسَى (ʕīsā).

etymon

(Islam) Jesus (ʿĪsā), son of Mary, revered as a major prophet in the Quran


شیطان

pa-noun

شَیطان • (śait̤ān) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸ਼ੈਤਾਨ)

شَیطان (canonical)
śait̤ān (romanization)
ਸ਼ੈਤਾਨ (Gurmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian شَیْطان (šaytān), from Arabic شَيْطَان (šayṭān).

der

Arabic شَيْطَان (šayṭān)


شہید

pa-proper noun

شَہِید • (śahīd) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸ਼ਹੀਦ)

شَہِید (canonical)
śahīd (romanization)
ਸ਼ਹੀਦ (Gurmukhi)

Etymology tree
Arabic شَهِدَ (šahida)
Arabic شَهِيد (šahīd)bor.
Classical Persian شَهِید (šahīd)bor.
Punjabi شَہِید (śahīd)
Borrowed from Classical Persian شَهِید (šahīd), borrowed from Arabic شَهِيد (šahīd), from شَهِدَ (šahida).

etymon

شَہِید


عمان

pa-proper noun

عُمان • (ʻumān) ? (Gurmukhi spelling ਉਮਾਨ)

عُمان (canonical)
ʻumān (romanization)
ਉਮਾਨ (Gurmukhi)

Oman (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


عمان

عَمّان • (ʻammān) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਅੱਮਾਨ)

عَمّان (canonical)
ʻammān (romanization)
ਅੱਮਾਨ (Gurmukhi)


ترکستان

تُرکِستان • (turkistān) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਤੁਰਕਿਸਤਾਨ)

تُرکِستان (canonical)
turkistān (romanization)
ਤੁਰਕਿਸਤਾਨ (Gurmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian ترکستان (turkistān).


آسٹریلیا

pa-proper noun

آسْٹْریلِیا • (āsṭrelīyā) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਆਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ)

آسْٹْریلِیا (canonical)
āsṭrelīyā (romanization)
ਆਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ (Gurmukhi)
اَسٹریلِیا (alternative)
اَوسٹریلِیا (alternative)

Borrowed from English Australia, from Latin terra austrālis incōgnita (“unknown southern land”), from Latin auster (“the south wind”).

der

Australia (a country consisting of a main island, the island of Tasmania and other smaller islands, located in Oceania; historically, a collection of former colonies of the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the land on the Australian tectonic plate, i.e. Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


سورج

pa-proper noun

سُورْج • (sūrj) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸੂਰਜ)

سُورْج (canonical)
sūrj (romanization)
ਸੂਰਜ (Gurmukhi)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥
Proto-Indo-Iranian *súHar
Sanskrit स्वर् (svar)
Sanskrit सूर् (sūr)
Proto-Indo-European *-yós
Sanskrit -य (-ya)
Sanskrit सूर्य (sūrya)slbor.
Punjabi سُورَج (sūraj)
Semi-learned borrowing from Sanskrit सूर्य (sūrya), from सूर् (sūr) + -य (-ya).

etymon

سُورَج


ਚੰਡੀਗੜ੍ਹ

pa-proper noun

ਚੰਡੀਗੜ੍ਹ • (caṇḍīgaṛh) m (Shahmukhi spelling چنڈی گڑھ)

caṇḍīgaṛh (romanization)
چنڈی گڑھ (Shahmukhi)

[t͡ʃən.ɖiː.ɡəɽʱ]

Pa-ਚੰਡੀਗੜ੍ਹ.oga

Borrowed from Hindi चंडीगढ़ (caṇḍīgaṛh).

Chandigarh (a city and union territory in northern India, located between Punjab and Haryana; the capital city of Haryana and Punjab)


عید

عِید (canonical)
ʻīd (romanization)
ਈਦ (Gurmukhi)
عِید (direct singular)
عِید (direct plural)
عِید (oblique singular)
عِیداں (oblique plural)
عِیدا (singular vocative)
عِیدو (plural vocative)
عِیدوں (ablative singular)
عِیداں (ablative plural)
عِیدے (locative singular)
عِیدِیں (locative plural)
عِیدوں (instrumental singular)

Learned borrowing from Arabic عِيد (ʕīd), through Classical Persian عید ('īd).


پنجاب

pa-proper noun

پنجاب • (pañjāb) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਪੰਜਾਬ)

/pənˈd͡ʒäːb/

Borrowed from Classical Persian پنجاب (panjāb).

bor+

پنج دریا اس دیش دے، تاہیؤں کہن پنجاب۔ راوی، ستلج، بیاس جی، جہلم اتے چناب۔
pañj dariā es desh de, tāhīũ kahiṇ pañjāb. rāvī, satluj, biās jī, jehlam ate chanāb.

Babu Rajab Ali, Anokha Rajab Ali compiled by Dr. Atam Hamrahi page 101

Five rivers of this region, reason it is called Punjab. Ravi, Satluj, Bias, Jhelum and Chenab.

Punjab (a geographical region in South Asia, politically divided between India and Pakistan)


شام

pa-proper noun

شام • (śām) m

Borrowed from Classical Persian شام (šām, “Greater Syria; Levant”), from Arabic الشَّام (aš-šām, “Levant; Damascus”).

der

Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)

(by extension) Levant (a cultural region of Western Asia consisting of the eastern Mediterranean countries, i.e. Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Jordan and Cyprus)


ایمان

pa-proper noun

اِیمان • (īmān) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਈਮਾਨ)

اِیمان (canonical)
īmān (romanization)
ਈਮਾਨ (Gurmukhi)

Etymology tree
Arabic آمَنَ (ʔāmana)
Arabic إِيمَان (ʔīmān)bor.
Classical Persian اِیمَان (īmān)bor.
Old Punjabi اِیمان (īymān)
Punjabi ایمان
Inherited from Old Punjabi اِیمان (īymān), borrowed from Classical Persian اِیمَان (īmān), borrowed from Arabic إِيمَان (ʔīmān), from آمَنَ (ʔāmana).

etymon

a female given name, Iman, Imaan, or Eman, from Arabic


ਮੁੰਬਈ

Mumbai (a megacity, the capital of Maharashtra, India)


بیروت

pa-proper noun

بَیرُوت • (bairūt) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਬੈਰੂਤ)

بَیرُوت (canonical)
bairūt (romanization)
ਬੈਰੂਤ (Gurmukhi)


ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ

ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ • (shāhmukhī) f (Shahmukhi spelling شاہ مکھی)

shāhmukhī (romanization)
شاہ مکھی (Shahmukhi)

[ʃaːɦᵊmʊkʰiː]

From ਸ਼ਾਹ (śāh, “king”) + ਮੁਖ (mukh, “mouth”) + -ਈ (-ī, “adjective suffix”).

com

Shahmukhi, a Perso-Arabic script used by Muslims for writing Punjabi.


شاہ مکھی

pa-proper noun

شاہ مکھی • (shāhmukhī) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ)

shāhmukhī (romanization)
ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ (Gurmukhi)

Compound of شاہ (śāh) + مُکھی (mukhī), literally, “from the king's mouth”. Semantic imitation of گُرمُکھی (gurmukhī).


ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ

ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ • (gurmukhī) f (Shahmukhi spelling گرمکھی)

gurmukhī (romanization)
گرمکھی (Shahmukhi)

[ɡʊɾᵊmʊkʰiː]

Pa-ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ.ogg

Literally "from the guru's mouth," from ਗੁਰੂ (gurū) + ਮੁਖ (mukh) + -ਈ (-ī).

Gurmukhi, the Punjabi alphabet used by Sikhs.


گرمکھی

گرمکھی • (gurmukhī) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ)

gurmukhī (romanization)
ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ (Gurmukhi)


سنسکرت

سَنسکرِت • (sanskrit) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਸੰਸਕ੍ਰਿਤ)

سَنسکرِت (canonical)
sanskrit (romanization)
ਸੰਸਕ੍ਰਿਤ (Gurmukhi)


کرناٹک

کرناٹک • (karnāṭaka) ? (Gurmukhi spelling ਕਰਨਾਟਕ)

karnāṭaka (romanization)
ਕਰਨਾਟਕ (Gurmukhi)


ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ

ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ • (pākistān) m (Shahmukhi spelling پاکستان)

pākistān (romanization)
پاکستان (Shahmukhi)

From ਪਾਕ (pāk, “pure, holy, immaculate, chaste, undefiled”) + -ਇਸਤਾਨ (-istān, “-istan”), which derive from Classical Persian. The word was coined by Choudhary Rahmat Ali, who published it in the pamphlet Now or Never issued on January 28, 1933, as an acronym of the names of the "Muslim homelands" of western India—Punjab, Afghania, Kashmir, Sindh, and Balochistan. An i was later added to the name to ease pronunciation.

suf

ਪਾਕ<t:pure, holy, immaculate, chaste, undefiled>


اسٹونیا

pa-proper noun

اسٹونیا • (transliteration needed) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆ)

Estonia (a country in northeastern Europe, on the southeastern coast of the Baltic Sea)


حلب

حَلَب • (ḥalab) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਹਲਬ)

حَلَب (canonical)
ḥalab (romanization)
ਹਲਬ (Gurmukhi)

Aleppo (the capital city of Aleppo governorate, Syria)


نستعلیق

نَسْتَعْلِیق

نَسْتَعْلِیق • (nastaʻlīq) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਨਸਤਾਲੀਕ਼)

نَسْتَعْلِیق (canonical)
nastaʻlīq (romanization)
ਨਸਤਾਲੀਕ਼ (Gurmukhi)

(calligraphy) Nastaliq, Nastaleeq (style of calligraphy)


مسعود

مَسْعُود • (masʻūd) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਮਸੂਦ or ਮਸਊਦ)

مَسْعُود (canonical)
masʻūd (romanization)
ਮਸੂਦ (Gurmukhi)
ਮਸਊਦ (Gurmukhi)

[mɐ.səʊ̯d̪ə̆]

Borrowed from Classical Persian مَسْعُود (mas'ūd), from Arabic مَسْعُود (masʕūd).

bor+

a male given name, Masood or Massoud, from Arabic


جنت

pa-proper noun

جَنَّت • (jannat) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਜੰਨਤ)

جَنَّت (canonical)
jannat (romanization)
ਜੰਨਤ (Gurmukhi)

[d͡ʒɐ̃n.nət̪ᵊ]

Etymology tree
Arabic جَنَّة (janna)bor.
Classical Persian جَنَّت (jannat)bor.
Punjabi جَنَّت (jannat)
Borrowed from Classical Persian جَنَّت (jannat), borrowed from Arabic جَنَّة (janna).

etymon

جَنَّت


ਪੰਜਾਬ

pa-proper noun

ਪੰਜਾਬ • (pañjāb) m (Shahmukhi spelling پنجاب)

/pənˈd͡ʒäːb/

Borrowed from Classical Persian پنجاب (panj-āb, literally “[Land of] the Five Rivers”), from پنج (panj, “five”) and آب (āb, “water”), referring to five rivers of the Punjab region: the Jhelum, the Chenab, the Ravi, the Sutlej and the Beas. The Persian term is based on Sanskrit पञ्चनद (pañcanada, “[Land of] the Five Rivers”), from पञ्च (pañca, “five”) and नद (nada, “river”).

der

Babu Rajab Ali, Anokha Rajab Ali compiled by Dr. Atam Hamrahi page 101−
ਪੰਜ ਦਰਿਆ ਇਸ ਦੇਸ਼ ਦੇ, ਤਾਹੀਉਂ ਕਹਿਣ ਪੰਜਾਬ। ਰਾਵੀ, ਸਤਲੁਜ, ਬਿਆਸ ਜੀ, ਜਿਹਲਮ ਅਤੇ ਚਨਾਬ।
pañj dariā es desh de, tāhīũ kahiṇ pañjāb. rāvī, satluj, biās jī, jehlam ate chanāb.
Five rivers of this region, reason it is called Punjab. Ravi, Satluj, Bias, Jhelum and Chenab.


کنعان

pa-proper noun

کَنْعان • (kanʻān) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਕਨਾਨ)

کَنْعان (canonical)
kanʻān (romanization)
ਕਨਾਨ (Gurmukhi)


ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆ

ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆ • (isaṭonīā) m (Shahmukhi spelling اسٹونیا)

isaṭonīā (romanization)
اسٹونیا (Shahmukhi)
ਇਸਤੋਨੀਆ (alternative)


ਮੁਹੰਮਦ

ਮੁਹੰਮਦ • (Muhammad) m (Shahmukhi spelling محمد)

Muhammad (romanization)
محمد (Shahmukhi)

Borrowed from Arabic مُحَمَّد (muḥammad).

bor+

a male given name, Muhammad or Mohammed, from Arabic


گجرات

pa-proper noun

گُجْرات • (gujrāt) ? (Gurmukhi spelling ਗੁਜਰਾਤ)

گُجْرات (canonical)
gujrāt (romanization)
ਗੁਜਰਾਤ (Gurmukhi)


ਦਿਵਾਲੀ

ਦਿਵਾਲੀ • (divālī) f (Shahmukhi spelling دوالی)

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻 (dīvālī), 𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀯𑀮𑀻 (dīvāvalī) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀇𑀓𑀸- (-ikā-), from Sanskrit दीपावलि (dīpāvali), दीपावली (dīpāvalī). Doublet of ਦੀਪਾਵਲੀ (dīpāvalī).


دوالی

دوالی • (divālī) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਦਿਵਾਲੀ)

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻 (dīvālī), 𑀤𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀯𑀮𑀻 (dīvāvalī) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀇𑀓𑀸- (-ikā-), from Sanskrit दीपावलि (dīpāvali), दीपावली (dīpāvalī). Doublet of دیپاولی (dīpāvalī)


ਦਸੰਬਰ

ਦਸੰਬਰ • (dasambar) m (Shahmukhi spelling دسمبر)

dasambar (romanization)
دسمبر (Shahmukhi)


ਬ੍ਰਹਮਦੇਸ਼

ਬ੍ਰਹਮਦੇਸ਼ • (brhamadeś) m (Shahmukhi spelling برہمدیش)

brhamadeś (romanization)
برہمدیش (Shahmukhi)

ਬਰਮਾ ਬਰਮਾ#Punjabi

Alternative form of ਬਰਮਾ (barmā): Myanmar, Burma (a country in Southeast Asia)


سردار

سَرْدَار • (sardār) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਰਦਾਰ)

سَرْدَار (canonical)
sardār (romanization)
ਸਰਦਾਰ (Gurmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian سردار (sardār).

bor+

اک دن مینوں بندہ ملیا کہندا سردار جی، سنیا اس قوم چہ کافی ہوئے دلدار جی

2013, “Sardaar Ji”, Satinder Sartaj (lyrics):

One day I met a person who said, "honorable Sikh, they say there are many breve-hearts in this community"

ek din maenū̃ bandā miliā kahindā sardār jī, suṇiā es kaum 'ch kāfī hoe dildār jī


ਓਹਾਇਓ

pa-proper noun

ਓਹਾਇਓ • (ohāio) f (Shahmukhi spelling اوہائیو)

ohāio (romanization)
اوہائیو (Shahmukhi)


اوہائیو

اوہائیو • (ohāeo) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਓਹਾਇਓ)


عثمان

عُثْمان • (ʻus̱mān) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਉਸਮਾਨ)

عُثْمان (canonical)
ʻus̱mān (romanization)
ਉਸਮਾਨ (Gurmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian عُثْمَان (usmān), from Arabic عُثْمَان (ʕuṯmān).

der

Arabic عُثْمَان (ʕuṯmān)


ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ

pa-proper noun

ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ • (ammritsar) m (Shahmukhi spelling امرتسر)

ammritsar (romanization)
امرتسر (Shahmukhi)

ਅੰ‧ਮ੍ਰਿ‧ਤ‧ਸ‧ਰ


ਸਰਦਾਰ

ਸਰਦਾਰ • (sardār) m (Shahmukhi spelling سردار)

[səɾə̆d̪aːɾə̆]

Borrowed from Classical Persian سردار (sardār). Compare Hindi सरदार (sardār).

ਇੱਕ ਦਿਨ ਮੈਨੂੰ ਬੰਦਾ ਮਿਲਿਆ ਕਹਿੰਦਾ ਸਰਦਾਰ ਜੀ, ਸੁਣਿਆ ਇਸ ਕੌਮ 'ਚ ਕਾਫ਼ੀ ਹੋਏ ਦਿਲਦਾਰ ਜੀ

One day I met a person who said, "honorable Sikh, they say there are many brave-hearts in this community"

ikka din mainū̃ bandā miliā kahindā sardār jī, suṇiā isa kaum 'ca kāfī hoē dildār jī


ਲਹੌਰ

ਲਹੌਰ • (lahaur) m (Shahmukhi spelling لہور)

Inherited from Old Punjabi ਲਾਹੋਰੁ (lāhoru). Compare Hindi लाहौर (lāhaur).

inh+

ਜੀਹਨੇ ਲਹੌਰ ਨਹੀਂ ਤੱਕਿਆ, ਉਹ ਜੰਮਿਆ ਹੀ ਨਹੀਂ।

jīhne lahaur nahī̃ takkiā, uha jammiā hī nahī̃.

The one who hasn't seen Lahore has yet to see anything.

Lahore (a city, the provincial capital of Punjab, Pakistan)


ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ

pa-proper noun

ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ • (vikīpīḍīā) ? (Shahmukhi spelling وکیپیڈیا)

vikīpīḍīā (romanization)
وکیپیڈیا (Shahmukhi)


ਜਨਵਰੀ

ਜਨਵਰੀ • (janvarī) f (Shahmukhi spelling جنوری)

janvarī (romanization)
جنوری (Shahmukhi)


ਅਮਰੀਕਾ

ਅਮਰੀਕਾ • (amrīkā) m (Shahmukhi spelling امریکہ)

amrīkā (romanization)
امریکہ (Shahmukhi)

ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ
ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ#Punjabi

America, United States of America (a country in North America; in full, ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ (sãyukat rāj amarīkā))


ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ

ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ • (aṅgarezī) f (Shahmukhi spelling انگریزی)

aṅgarezī (romanization)
انگریزی (Shahmukhi)

Borrowed from Urdu اَن٘گْریزی (aṅgrezī). By surface analysis, ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ (aṅgarez, “the English”) + ਈ (ī).


ਫ਼੍ਰੈਂਚ

head

ਫ਼੍ਰੈਂਚ • (fraiñc) f


ਫ਼੍ਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ

ਫ਼੍ਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ • (frānsīsī)

Borrowed from Persian فراسیس (farâsis) and influenced by English French.


ਸਿੰਘ

pa-proper noun

ਸਿੰਘ • (siṅgh) m (Shahmukhi spelling سنگھ)

Borrowed from Sanskrit सिंह (siṃha). Doublet of ਸ਼ੀਂਹ (śī̃h).


ਐਤਵਾਰ

ਐਤਵਾਰ • (aitavār) m (Shahmukhi spelling ایتوار)

aitavār (romanization)
ایتوار (Shahmukhi)

[ɛːt̪ə̆ʋaːɾə̆]

Inherited from Sanskrit आदित्यवार (ādityavāra). Compare Hindi इतवार (itvār).


ਖੁਰਾਸਾਨ

pa-proper noun

ਖੁਰਾਸਾਨ • (khurāsān) m (Shahmukhi spelling خراسان)

khurāsān (romanization)
خراسان (Shahmukhi)


ਹਿੰਦੋਸਤਾਨ

ਹਿੰਦੋਸਤਾਨ • (hindostān) m

ਹਿੰਦੁਸਤਾਨ ਹਿੰਦੁਸਤਾਨ#Punjabi

Alternative form of ਹਿੰਦੁਸਤਾਨ (hindustān, “India”)


ਕ੍ਰੋਏਸ਼ੀਆ

head

ਕ੍ਰੋਏਸ਼ੀਆ • (kroēśīā)


ਦੁਆਬੀ

pa-proper noun

ਦੁਆਬੀ • (duābī) m

ਦੁਆਬਾ (duābā, “Ganga-Jamuna doab”) + -ਈ (-ī).


ਰਾਮ

rām (romanization)
رام (Shahmukhi)
ਰਾਮ (direct singular)
ਰਾਮ (direct plural)
ਰਾਮ (oblique singular)
ਰਾਮਾਂ (oblique plural)
ਰਾਮਾ (singular vocative)
ਰਾਮੋ (plural vocative)
ਰਾਮੋਂ (ablative singular)
ਰਾਮੇ (locative singular)
ਰਾਮੀਂ (locative plural)
ਰਾਮੇ (instrumental singular)
ਰਾਮੀਂ (instrumental plural)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit राम (rāma).

lbor

ਕਬੀਰ ਰਾਮ ਕਹਨ ਮਹਿ ਭੇਦੁ ਹੈ ਤਾ ਮਹਿ ਏਕੁ ਬਿਚਾਰੁ ॥
ਸੋਈ ਰਾਮੁ ਸਭੈ ਕਹਹਿ ਸੋਈ ਕਉਤਕਹਾਰ ॥੧੯੦॥
ਕਬੀਰ ਰਾਮੈ ਰਾਮ ਕਹੁ ਕਹਿਬੇ ਮਾਹਿ ਬਿਬੇਕ ॥
ਏਕੁ ਅਨੇਕਹਿ ਮਿਲਿ ਗਇਆ ਏਕ ਸਮਾਨਾ ਏਕ ॥੧੯੧॥
kabīr rām kahan mahe bhed hae tā mahe eik bichār ॥
soē rām sabhae kaheh soē kautakhār ॥190॥
kabīr rāmae rām kahu kahebe māhe bibek ॥
eik anekahe mil geā eik samānā eik ॥191॥

Guru Granth Sahib, Bhagat Kabir, translation by Dr. Sant Singh Khalsa, ang 1374

Kabeer, it does make a difference, how you chant the Lord's Name, Raam. This is something to consider.
Everyone uses the same word for the son of Dasrath and the Wondrous Lord.
Kabeer, use the word Raam, only to speak of the All-pervading Lord. You must make that distinction.
One Raam is pervading everywhere, while the other is contained only in himself.


ਚਿੱਟਾ

pa-proper noun

ਚਿੱਟਾ • (ciṭṭā) m

Zabaykalsky Krai
Zabaykalsky Krai#English

Chita (a city, the administrative center of Zabaykalsky Krai, Siberia, Russia).


ਸਾਹਿਬ

ਸਾਹਿਬ • (sāhib) m (Shahmukhi spelling صاحب)

sāhib (romanization)
صاحب (Shahmukhi)
ਸਾਹਬ (alternative)

ਤੂੰ ਸਚਾ ਸਾਹਿਬੁ ਸਿਫਤਿ ਸੁਆਲਿਉ ਜਿਨਿ ਕੀਤੀ ਸੋ ਪਾਰਿ ਪਇਆ

Guru Granth Sahib, Guru Nanak, translation by Dr. Sant Singh Khalsa, ang 469

You are the True Lord and Master; Your Praise is so beautiful. One who sings it, is carried across.

tū̃ sachā sāhib sift suāliu jin kītī so pār peā


ਸਾਊਥਾਲ

ਸਾਊਥਾਲ • (sāūthāl) ?

sāūthāl (romanization)
ਸਾਊਥਹਾਲ (alternative)

Borrowed from English Southall. Compare Hindi साउथॉल (sāuthŏl).

Southall (a district of London, England)


ਦਿੱਲੀ

ਦਿੱਲੀ • (dillī) f (Shahmukhi spelling دِلّی)

ਦਿੱਲੀ ਦਾ ਨਖ਼ਰਾ ਆ
ਸਟਾਇਲ ਉਹਦਾ ਵੱਖਰਾ ਆ
ਬੰਬਈ ਦੀ ਗਰਮੀ ਵਾਂਗ
ਨੇਚਰ ਉਹਦਾ ਅੱਥਰਾ ਆ

2017, “Lahore (song)”, Guru Randhawa (lyrics), Guru Randhawa, Vee Music (music), performed by Guru Randhawa:

[She] has the mannerisms of [a] Delhi [girl]
Her style is different
Like the heat of Bombay
Her nature is unpredictable

dillī dā naxrā ā
saṭāil uhdā vakkhrā ā
bambaī dī garmī vāṅg
necar uhdā atthrā ā

Delhi (a megacity and union territory of India, containing the national capital New Delhi)


یسوع

pa-noun

یَسُوع • (yasūʻ) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਯਸੂਹ)

یَسُوع (canonical)
yasūʻ (romanization)
ਯਸੂਹ (Gurmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian یَسُوع (yasū'), from Arabic يَسُوع (yasūʕ). Doublet of عیسیٰ (ʻīsā) and یسو (yisū).


ਜਲੰਧਰ

Inherited from Old Punjabi ਜਾਲੰਧਰ (jālandhara).


ਹਿੰਦੀ

pa-proper noun

ਹਿੰਦੀ • (hindī) f

Borrowed from Hindi हिंदी (hindī), from Classical Persian هندی (hindī).

Modern Standard Hindi: a khariboli based tongue which happens to be standardized and Sanskritized version of the Hindustani language.

The Central Zone of Indo-Aryan languages. These are also spoken in Fiji, Guyana and as a second language by Indians in many other countries.

(linguistics) All the lects in the Hindi Belt, which also includes lects that do not belong to the Central Zone of Indo-Aryan languages.

(historical) A dialect spoken in Delhi, now known as Hindustani.


یروشلم

یَرُوشَلَم or یَروشَلَم • (yarūśalam or yarośalam) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਯਰੂਸ਼ਲਮ or ਯਰੋਸ਼ਲਮ)

یَرُوشَلَم (canonical)
یَروشَلَم (canonical)
yarūśalam (romanization)
yarośalam (romanization)
ਯਰੂਸ਼ਲਮ (Gurmukhi)
ਯਰੋਸ਼ਲਮ (Gurmukhi)

/jə.ˈɾuː.ʃə̆.lə.mə̆/

/jə.ˈɾoː.ʃə̆.lə.mə̆/


ਰੂਸ

Borrowed from Classical Persian روس (rūs).

bor+

Russia (a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


ਭਾਜਪਾ

pa-proper noun

ਭਾਜਪਾ • (bhājpā) f

ਭਾਰਤੀ ਜਨਤਾ ਪਾਰਟੀ
w:pa:ਭਾਰਤੀ ਜਨਤਾ ਪਾਰਟੀ

Initialism of ਭਾਰਤੀ ਜਨਤਾ ਪਾਰਟੀ (bhārtī jantā pārṭī).


ਬੂਟਾ

pa-noun

ਬੂਟਾ • (būṭā) m (Shahmukhi spelling بوٹا)

Inherited from Paisaci Prakrit [Term?] (compare Sauraseni Prakrit *𑀩𑀽𑀝 (*būṭa)), Ashokan Prakrit *𑀩𑀽𑀝 (*būṭa).


ਖ਼ਾਲਿਸਤਾਨ

pa-proper noun

ਖ਼ਾਲਿਸਤਾਨ • (xālistān) m (Shahmukhi spelling خالصتان)

xālistān (romanization)
خالصتان (Shahmukhi)
ਖਾਲਿਸਤਾਨ (alternative)
ਖ਼ਾਲਸਤਾਨ (alternative)
ਖਾਲਸਤਾਨ (alternative)

→ English: Khalistan

→ Bengali: খালিস্তান (khalistan)

→ Hindi: ख़ालिस्तान (xālistān)

ਖ਼ਾ‧ਲਿ‧ਸ‧ਤਾ‧ਨ

From ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ (xālsā, “Khalsa”) + -ਇਸਤਾਨ (-isatān, “-istan”).


ਖ਼ਾਲਿਸਤਾਨੀ

pa-proper noun

ਖ਼ਾਲਿਸਤਾਨੀ • (xālistānī) m (Shahmukhi spelling خالصتانی)

xālistānī (romanization)
خالصتانی (Shahmukhi)

From ਖ਼ਾਲਿਸਤਾਨ (xālistān, “Khalistan”) + -ਈ (-ī).


خالصتان

pa-proper noun

خالِصْتان • (xāliṣtān) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਖ਼ਾਲਿਸਤਾਨ)

خالِصْتان (canonical)
xāliṣtān (romanization)
ਖ਼ਾਲਿਸਤਾਨ (Gurmukhi)

→ English: Khalistan

→ Hindi: ख़ालिस्तान (xālistān)

From خالصہ (xālsā, “Khalsa”) + ستان (-stān, “place of”)


ਖਾਲਿਸਤਾਨ

pa-proper noun

ਖਾਲਿਸਤਾਨ • (khālistān) m (Shahmukhi spelling خالصتان)

khālistān (romanization)
خالصتان (Shahmukhi)

ਖ਼ਾਲਿਸਤਾਨ ਖ਼ਾਲਿਸਤਾਨ#Punjabi

Alternative spelling of ਖ਼ਾਲਿਸਤਾਨ (xālistān)


ਸ਼ਹੀਦ

ਸ਼ਹੀਦ • (śahīd) m (Shahmukhi spelling شہید)

Borrowed from Arabic شَهِيد (šahīd), literally "witness".


ਬੇਗ਼ਮਪੁਰਾ

ਬੇਗ਼ਮਪੁਰਾ • (beġmapurā) m (Shahmukhi spelling بیغمپرا)

beġmapurā (romanization)
بیغمپرا (Shahmukhi)

بے (be, “without”) + غَمّ (ġamm, “sorrow”) + Sanskrit पुर (pura, “town, city”)

af

ਬੇਗਮਪੁਰਾ ਸਹਰ ਕੋ ਨਾਉ ਦੂਖੁ ਅੰਦੋਹੁ ਨਹੀ ਤਿਹਿ ਠਾਉ

Guru Granth Sahib, Bhagat Ravidas, translation by Inni Kaur and Harinder Singh, ang 345

Be-gam-pura - City’s name is Sorrow-less-ville. No pain or anxiety in that place.

begmapurā sahar ko nāu dūkhu andohu nahī tihi ṭhāu


ਜੇਹਲਮ

pa-proper noun

ਜੇਹਲਮ • (jehlam) m (Shahmukhi spelling جہلم)

ਪੰਜ ਦਰਿਆ ਇਸ ਦੇਸ਼ ਦੇ, ਤਾਹੀਉਂ ਕਹਿਣ ਪੰਜਾਬ. ਰਾਵੀ, ਸਤਲੁਜ, ਬਿਆਸ ਜੀ, ਜਿਹਲਮ ਅਤੇ ਚਨਾਬ.
pañj dariā isa deś de, tāhīũ kahiṇ pañjāba. rāvī, satluja, biāsa jī, jihlam ate canāba.

Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir#English

Jhelum (a river in Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir)


ਰਾਵੀ

ਰਾਵੀ • (rāvī) f (Shahmukhi spelling راوی)

Babu Rajab Ali, Anokha Rajab Ali compiled by Dr. Atam Hamrahi page 101
ਪੰਜ ਦਰਿਆ ਇਸ ਦੇਸ਼ ਦੇ, ਤਾਹੀਉਂ ਕਹਿਣ ਪੰਜਾਬ. ਰਾਵੀ, ਸਤਲੁਜ, ਬਿਆਸ ਜੀ, ਜਿਹਲਮ ਅਤੇ ਚਨਾਬ.
pañj dariā isa deś de, tāhīũ kahiṇ pañjāba. rāvī, satluja, biāsa jī, jihlam ate canāba.
Five rivers of this region, reason it is called Punjab. Ravi, Satluj, Bias, Jhelum and Chenab.

Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh#English

A river of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh in India and Punjab in Pakistan


ਸਤਲੁਜ

ਸਤਲੁਜ • (satluj) m (Shahmukhi spelling ستلج)

a river in Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Tibet


ਬਿਆਸ

ਬਿਆਸ • (biāsa) m (Shahmukhi spelling بیاس)

Beas (A river of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh)


ਚਨਾਬ

ਚਨਾਬ • (canāb) m (Shahmukhi spelling چناب)

canāb (romanization)
چناب (Shahmukhi)
ਝਨਾਂ (alternative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *čandrás
Sanskrit चन्द्र (candra)
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰāgás
Sanskrit भाग (bhāga)
Sanskrit चन्द्रभागा (candrabhāgā)bor.
Classical Persian چَنَاب (čanāb)bor.
Punjabi ਚਨਾਬ (canāb)
Borrowed from Classical Persian چَنَاب (čanāb), borrowed from Sanskrit चन्द्रभागा (candrabhāgā), from चन्द्र (candra) + भाग (bhāga).

etymon

ਪੰਜ ਦਰਿਆ ਇਸ ਦੇਸ਼ ਦੇ, ਤਾਹੀਉਂ ਕਹਿਣ ਪੰਜਾਬ. ਰਾਵੀ, ਸਤਲੁਜ, ਬਿਆਸ ਜੀ, ਜਿਹਲਮ ਅਤੇ ਚਨਾਬ.
pañj dariā isa deś de, tāhīũ kahiṇ pañjāba. rāvī, satluja, biāsa jī, jihlam ate canāb.

a river in Punjab, Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh


ਅੱਲਾਹ

pa-proper noun

ਅੱਲਾਹ • (allāh) m (Shahmukhi spelling اللہ)

allāh (romanization)
اللہ (Shahmukhi)
ਅੱਲਾਹ (direct singular)
ਅੱਲਾਹ (direct plural)
ਅੱਲਾਹ (oblique singular)
ਅੱਲਾਹਾਂ (oblique plural)
ਅੱਲਾਹਾ (singular vocative)
ਅੱਲਾਹੋ (plural vocative)
ਅੱਲਾਹੋਂ (ablative singular)
ਅੱਲਾਹੇ (locative singular)
ਅੱਲਾਹੀਂ (locative plural)
ਅੱਲਾਹੇ (instrumental singular)
ਅੱਲਾਹੀਂ (instrumental plural)
ਅੱਲ੍ਹਾ (alternative)
ਅੱਲਾ (alternative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian الله (allāh), from Arabic اللّٰه (allāh). First attested as Old Punjabi ਅਲਹੁ (alahu /allahu/). Compare Hindustani اَللہ (allh) / अल्लाह (allāh), Bengali আল্লাহ (allah), Malayalam അല്ലാഹു (allāhu).


ਅੱਲਾ

head

ਅੱਲਾ • (allā)

ਅੱਲਾਹ ਅੱਲਾਹ#Punjabi


ੴ

pa-proper noun

ੴ • (ek oṅkār) m (Shahmukhi spelling اِکّ اونکار)

ek oṅkār (romanization)
اِکّ اونکار (Shahmukhi)

From ੧ (1, “one”) + ਓਮ (om, “God in Hinduism, Universe, Om”) + ਕਾਰ (kār, “do”).


ਰਾਂਝਾ

pa-proper noun

ਰਾਂਝਾ • (rāñjhā) m (Shahmukhi spelling رانجھا)

rāñjhā (romanization)
رانجھا (Shahmukhi)
ਰਾਂਝਾ (direct singular)
ਰਾਂਝੇ (direct plural)
ਰਾਂਝੇ (oblique singular)
ਰਾਂਝਿਆਂ (oblique plural)
ਰਾਂਝਿਆ (singular vocative)
ਰਾਂਝਿਓ (plural vocative)
ਰਾਂਝਿਓਂ (ablative singular)
ਰਾਂਝੇ (locative singular)
ਰਾਂਝੇ (instrumental singular)
ਰਾਂਝਨ (alternative)

[ɾãːɲ˦.d͡ʒaː]


ਕਰਤਾਰ

ਕਰਤਾਰ • (kartār) m (Shahmukhi spelling کرتار)

kartār (romanization)
کرتار (Shahmukhi)
ਕਰਤਾ (alternative)

/kəɾ(ᵊ).t̪ɑːɾᵊ/

Inherited from Sanskrit कर्तृ (kartṛ, “maker, doer”).

inh+

ਰਸ ਕਸ ਆਪੁ ਸਲਾਹਣਾ ਏ ਕਰਮ ਮੇਰੇ ਕਰਤਾਰ

Guru Granth Sahib, Guru Nanak, translation by Dr. Sant Singh Khalsa, ang 15

I am caught in these tastes and flavors, and in self-conceited praise. These are my actions, O my Creator!


ਕਰਤਾਰਪੁਰ

head

ਕਰਤਾਰਪੁਰ • (kartārpur) (Shahmukhi کرتارپور)

kartārpur (romanization)
کرتارپور (Shahmukhi)

ਕਰਤਾਰ (kartār, “Creator”) + ਪੁਰ (pur, “city, town, village”)

com

ਕਰਤਾਰਪੁਰਿ ਕਰਤਾ ਵਸੈ ਸੰਤਨ ਕੈ ਪਾਸਿ

Guru Granth Sahib, Guru Arjan, translation by Dr. Sant Singh Khalsa, ang 816

In Kartaarpur, the City of the Creator Lord, the Saints dwell with the Creator.


کرتارپور

pa-proper noun

کرتارپور • (kartārpur) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਕਰਤਾਰਪੁਰ)

kartārpur (romanization)
ਕਰਤਾਰਪੁਰ (Gurmukhi)

From کرتار (kartār, “Creator”) + پور (por, “city, town, village”).


ਕੈਨੇਡਾ

pa-proper noun

ਕੈਨੇਡਾ • (kaineḍā) m (Shahmukhi spelling کینیڈا)

kaineḍā (romanization)
کینیڈا (Shahmukhi)
ਕਨੇਡਾ (alternative)

Borrowed from English Canada, from the Laurentian kanata (“village, settlement”).


ਅਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ

pa-proper noun

ਅਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ • (asaṭrelīā) m (Shahmukhi spelling اسٹریلیا)

asaṭrelīā (romanization)
اسٹریلیا (Shahmukhi)

pa:ਅਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ

ਆਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ ਆਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ#Punjabi

Alternative form of ਆਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ (āsaṭrelīā):

Australia (a country consisting of a main island, the island of Tasmania and other smaller islands, located in Oceania; historically, a collection of former colonies of the British Empire)

ਆਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ ਆਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ#Punjabi

Australia (a continent consisting of the land on the Australian tectonic plate, i.e. Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


ਇਸਤੋਨੀਆ

ਇਸਤੋਨੀਆ • (isatonīā) m (Shahmukhi spelling استونیا)

isatonīā (romanization)
استونیا (Shahmukhi)

ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆ ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆ#Punjabi

Alternative spelling of ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆ (isaṭonīā): Estonia (a country in northeastern Europe, on the southeastern coast of the Baltic Sea)


ਆਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ

ਆਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ • (āsaṭrelīā) m (Shahmukhi spelling آسٹریلیا)

āsaṭrelīā (romanization)
آسٹریلیا (Shahmukhi)
ਅਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ (alternative)
ਔਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ (alternative)

Borrowed from English Australia, from Latin terra austrālis incōgnita (“unknown southern land”), from Latin auster (“the south wind”).

der

pa:ਆਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ


ਔਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ

pa-proper noun

ਔਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ • (ausaṭrelīā) m (Shahmukhi spelling اؤسٹریلیا)

ausaṭrelīā (romanization)
اؤسٹریلیا (Shahmukhi)

ਅਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ ਅਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ#Punjabi

Alternative spelling of ਅਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ (asaṭrelīā)


ਕਨੇਡਾ

ਕਨੇਡਾ • (kaneḍā) m (Shahmukhi spelling کنیڈا)

ਕੈਨੇਡਾ ਕੈਨੇਡਾ#Punjabi

Alternative spelling of ਕੈਨੇਡਾ (kaineḍā)


ਮਿਆਂਮਾਰ

ਮਿਆਂਮਾਰ • (miāmmār) m (Shahmukhi spelling میانمار)

miāmmār (romanization)
میانمار (Shahmukhi)
ਮੀਆਂਮਾਰ (alternative)

Borrowed from Burmese မြန်မာ (mranma), the formal Burmese name of the main ethnic group in Myanmar; ဗမာ (ba.ma), from which Burma is derived, is the informal name. Both Burmese terms are also adjectives meaning "Burmese" (related to Myanmar/Burma, its, people, language, etc). When certain words are attached, the combination may mean specifically Myanmar (Burma) (country) or Burmese (person, language, etc.) - a noun.


ਬਰਮਾ

ਬਰਮਾ • (barmā) m (Shahmukhi spelling برما)

barmā (romanization)
برما (Shahmukhi)
ਬ੍ਰਹਮਦੇਸ਼ (alternative)

Borrowed from Burmese ဗမာ (ba.ma), colloquial form of မြန်မာ (mranma); see Myanmar for more.


ਮੀਆਂਮਾਰ

ਮੀਆਂਮਾਰ • (mīāmmār) m (Shahmukhi spelling میانمار)

mīāmmār (romanization)
میانمار (Shahmukhi)

ਮਿਆਂਮਾਰ ਮਿਆਂਮਾਰ#Punjabi

Alternative spelling of ਮਿਆਂਮਾਰ (miāmmār)


ਖ਼ਾਲਸਤਾਨ

ਖ਼ਾਲਸਤਾਨ • (xālsatān) m (Shahmukhi spelling خالستان)

xālsatān (romanization)
خالستان (Shahmukhi)

ਖ਼ਾਲਿਸਤਾਨ ਖ਼ਾਲਿਸਤਾਨ#Punjabi


ਮਲੇਸ਼ੀਆ

ਮਲੇਸ਼ੀਆ • (maleśīā) m (Shahmukhi spelling ملیشیا)

maleśīā (romanization)
ملیشیا (Shahmukhi)


ਨਿਊਜ਼ੀਲੈਂਡ

ਨਿਊਜ਼ੀਲੈਂਡ • (niūzīlaiṇḍ) m (Shahmukhi spelling نیوزیلینڈ)

niūzīlaiṇḍ (romanization)
نیوزیلینڈ (Shahmukhi)

Borrowed from Dutch Nieuw-Zeeland (“new Zeeland”), after the Dutch settlement in Batavia, which in turn had been named after the Dutch province of Zeeland.

bor+

New Zealand (a country and archipelago in Oceania, to the east of Australia)

pa:ਨਿਊਜ਼ੀਲੈਂਡ


ਆਓਤੇਆਰੋਆ

pa-proper noun

ਆਓਤੇਆਰੋਆ • (āoteāroā) m (Shahmukhi spelling آؤتیاروآ)

āoteāroā (romanization)
آؤتیاروآ (Shahmukhi)

Borrowed from Maori Aotearoa (“long white cloud; North Island; New Zealand”), see there for more.

bor+

Aotearoa (new Zealand, a country in Oceania; the Māori name, used especially in a Polynesian or pre-colonial context)


ਬ੍ਰਿਟਨ

pa-proper noun

ਬ੍ਰਿਟਨ • (briṭan) m (Shahmukhi spelling برٹن)

briṭan (romanization)
برٹن (Shahmukhi)
ਬਰਤਾਨੀਆ (alternative)
ਬ੍ਰਿਟੇਨ (alternative)


ਬਰਤਾਨੀਆ

ਬਰਤਾਨੀਆ • (bartānīā) m (Shahmukhi spelling برطانیہ)

bartānīā (romanization)
برطانیہ (Shahmukhi)

ਬ੍ਰਿਟਨ ਬ੍ਰਿਟਨ#Punjabi


ਬ੍ਰਿਟੇਨ

ਬ੍ਰਿਟੇਨ • (briṭen) m (Shahmukhi spelling برٹین)

ਬ੍ਰਿਟਨ ਬ੍ਰਿਟਨ#Punjabi


ਚੀਨ

cīn (romanization)
چین (Shahmukhi)
ਚੀਨ (direct singular)
ਚੀਨ (direct plural)
ਚੀਨ (oblique singular)
ਚੀਨਾਂ (oblique plural)
ਚੀਨਾ (singular vocative)
ਚੀਨੋ (plural vocative)
ਚੀਨੋਂ (ablative singular)
ਚੀਨੇ (locative singular)
ਚੀਨੀਂ (locative plural)
ਚੀਨੇ (instrumental singular)
ਚੀਨੀਂ (instrumental plural)
ਚਾਈਨਾ (alternative)


ਚਾਈਨਾ

ਚਾਈਨਾ • (cāīnā) m (Shahmukhi spelling چائینا)


ਇਰਾਨ

ਇਰਾਨ • (irān) m (Shahmukhi spelling ایران)

irān (romanization)
ایران (Shahmukhi)
ਅਰਾਨ (alternative)
ਈਰਾਨ (alternative)

From Persian ایران ('îrân), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (ʾērān, “of the Aryans”). See ērān for word formation, further etymology and cognates.

der

Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


ਅਰਾਨ

pa-proper noun

ਅਰਾਨ • (arān) m (Shahmukhi spelling اران)

ਇਰਾਨ ਇਰਾਨ#Punjabi


ਈਰਾਨ

ਈਰਾਨ • (īrān) m (Shahmukhi spelling ایران)

ਇਰਾਨ ਇਰਾਨ#Punjabi


ਇਟਲੀ

ਇਟਲੀ • (iṭalī) f (Shahmukhi spelling اٹلی)


ਮੈਕਸੀਕੋ

ਮੈਕਸੀਕੋ • (maiksīko) m (Shahmukhi spelling میکسیکو)

maiksīko (romanization)
میکسیکو (Shahmukhi)
ਮਕਸੀਕੋ (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish México, from Classical Nahuatl Mēxihco, a place-name referring to the Mēxihcah (Mexica/Aztecs).


ਮਕਸੀਕੋ

ਮਕਸੀਕੋ • (maksīko) m (Shahmukhi spelling مکسیکو)

maksīko (romanization)
مکسیکو (Shahmukhi)

ਮੈਕਸੀਕੋ ਮੈਕਸੀਕੋ#Punjabi

Alternative spelling of ਮੈਕਸੀਕੋ (maiksīko)


ਅਫ਼ਗ਼ਾਨਿਸਤਾਨ

ਅਫ਼ਗ਼ਾਨਿਸਤਾਨ • (afġānistān) m (Shahmukhi spelling افغانستان)

afġānistān (romanization)
افغانستان (Shahmukhi)
ਅਫ਼ਗਾਨਿਸਤਾਨ (alternative)

/əfˈɣänˑɪˌst̪äːn/

From Classical Persian افغانستان (afġānistān).

bor

Afghanistan (a landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia)

pa:ਅਫ਼ਗ਼ਾਨਿਸਤਾਨ


ਡੁਬਈ

pa-proper noun

ਡੁਬਈ • (ḍubaī) f (Shahmukhi spelling ڈبئی)

ਦੁਬਈ ਦੁਬਈ#Punjabi


ਦੁਬਈ

ਦੁਬਈ • (dubaī) f (Shahmukhi spelling دبئی)

dubaī (romanization)
دبئی (Shahmukhi)
ਡੁਬਈ (alternative)


ਜਰਮਨੀ

ਜਰਮਨੀ • (jarmanī) f (Shahmukhi spelling جرمنی)

jarmanī (romanization)
جرمنی (Shahmukhi)

From Middle English Germanie, from Old English Germania, from Latin Germānia (“land of the Germans”), from Germānī, a people living around and east of the Rhine first attested in the 1st century B.C.E. works of Julius Caesar and of uncertain etymology.

nowrap

1st century <small class='ce-date'>B.C.E.</small>

Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


ਬੰਗਲਾਦੇਸ਼

pa-proper noun

ਬੰਗਲਾਦੇਸ਼ • (baṅglādeś) m (Shahmukhi spelling بنگلہ دیش)

baṅglādeś (romanization)
بنگلہ دیش (Shahmukhi)

Bengali বাংলাদেশ (baṅladeś), from বাংলা (baṅla, “Bengali”) + দেশ (deś, “country”).

pa:ਬੰਗਲਾਦੇਸ਼


ਜਪਾਨ

ਜਪਾਨ • (japān) m (Shahmukhi spelling جاپان)

From English Japan, from Portuguese Japão or Dutch Japan, from Malay Jepang, from Hokkien 日本 (Ji̍t-pún), from Middle Chinese 日本 (nyit pwon^X).

Japan (a country and archipelago in East Asia)


ਜੇਠ

ਜੇਠ • (jeṭh) m (Shahmukhi spelling جیٹھ)

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀚𑁂𑀝𑁆𑀞 (jĕṭṭha), from Sanskrit ज्येष्ठ (jyeṣṭha). Cognate with Kachchi જેઠ (jeṭh), Sindhi ڄيٺُ (j̄eṭhu).

Jyeshta (third month of the Nanakshahi and Hindu calendar)


ਗਿੱਲ

ਗਿੱਲ • (gill) m (Shahmukhi spelling گلّ)


ਗਰੇਵਾਲ

ਗਰੇਵਾਲ • (garevāl) m (Shahmukhi spelling گریوال)

garevāl (romanization)
گریوال (Shahmukhi)


گریوال

گریوال • (garevāl) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਗਰੇਵਾਲ)

garevāl (romanization)
ਗਰੇਵਾਲ (Gurmukhi)


اوجلا

اوجلا • (aujlā) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਔਜਲਾ)


ਔਜਲਾ

ਔਜਲਾ • (aujalā) m (Shahmukhi spelling اؤجلا)

a Given Punjabi surname, bestowed by noble (Ahluwalia) Misldars to Aujla Jats due to ancestral patronage of same background.


ਬਾਜਵਾ

ਬਾਜਵਾ • (bājwā) m (Shahmukhi spelling باجوہ)


باجوہ

باجوہ • (bājwā) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਬਾਜਵਾ)


رندھاوا

رندھاوا • (randhāwā) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਰੰਧਾਵਾ)

randhāwā (romanization)
ਰੰਧਾਵਾ (Gurmukhi)


ਰੰਧਾਵਾ

ਰੰਧਾਵਾ • (randhāwā) m (Shahmukhi spelling رندھاوا)

randhāwā (romanization)
رندھاوا (Shahmukhi)

a Punjabi surname, Randhawa, used by Jāṭs


ਸੋਹੀ

ਸੋਹੀ • (sohī) f (Shahmukhi spelling سوہی)


سوہی

سوہی • (sohī) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਸੋਹੀ)


ਤੱਖਰ

ਤੱਖਰ • (takkhar) m (Shahmukhi spelling تکھر)


تکھر

تکھر • (takhar) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਤੱਖਰ)


ਸ਼ੇਰਗਿੱਲ

ਸ਼ੇਰਗਿੱਲ • (shergill) m (Shahmukhi spelling شیرگلّ)

shergill (romanization)
شیرگلّ (Shahmukhi)


شیرگل

شیرگل • (shergill) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸ਼ੇਰਗਿੱਲ)

shergill (romanization)
ਸ਼ੇਰਗਿੱਲ (Gurmukhi)


ਚਾਹਲ

ਚਾਹਲ • (cāhal) m (Shahmukhi spelling چاہل)


چاہل

چاہل • (cāhal) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਚਾਹਲ)


ਸਿੱਧੂ

ਸਿੱਧੂ • (siddhū) m (Shahmukhi spelling سدھو)


سدھو

سدھو • (sidhū) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਿੱਧੂ)


ਬਰਾੜ

ਬਰਾੜ • (barāṛ) m (Shahmukhi spelling براڑ)

(historical) locative faction of Sidhu Jat heritage, confound among Bhaṭṭi races of Malwa region.

a Punjabi surname, Brar, used by a caste of Jats around Bhaṭhiṇḍā


براڑ

براڑ • (brāṛ) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਬਰਾੜ)


ਭੱਲਾ

ਭੱਲਾ • (bhallā) m (Shahmukhi spelling بھلا)

a Punjabi surname, Bhalla, used by Khattrīs of Sarīn


بھلا

بھلا • (bhallā) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਭੱਲਾ)


ਢਿੱਲੋਂ

ਢਿੱਲੋਂ • (ḍhillõ) m (Shahmukhi spelling ڈھلوں)

a Punjabi surname, Dhillon, used by Jats


ڈھلوں

ڈھلوں • (ḍhillõ) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਢਿੱਲੋਂ)


ਚੀਮਾ

ਚੀਮਾ • (cīmā) m (Shahmukhi spelling چیمہ)

a Punjabi surname, Cheema, used by Jats.


چیمہ

چیمہ • (chīmā) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਚੀਮਾ)


ਵਿਰਕ

ਵਿਰਕ • (virak) m (Shahmukhi spelling ورک)


ਦੋਸਾਂਝ

ਦੋਸਾਂਝ • (dosāñjh) m (Shahmukhi spelling دوسانجھ)

dosāñjh (romanization)
دوسانجھ (Shahmukhi)


دوسانجھ

دوسانجھ • (dosāñjh) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਦੋਸਾਂਝ)

dosāñjh (romanization)
ਦੋਸਾਂਝ (Gurmukhi)


سوڈھی

سوڈھی • (soḍhī) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਸੋਢੀ)


ਸੋਢੀ

ਸੋਢੀ • (soḍhī) f (Shahmukhi spelling سوڈھی)

a Punjabi surname, Sodhi, used by Khatris


ਓਅੰਕਾਰ

ਓਅੰਕਾਰ • (oaṅkār) m (Shahmukhi spelling اونکار or اوانکار)

oaṅkār (romanization)
اونکار (Shahmukhi)
اوانکار (Shahmukhi)
ੴ (alternative)

/oːə̃ŋ.käːɾᵊ/

From ਓਅੰ (oã, “expansion, satisfaction, protection”) + ਕਾਰ (kār, “do”).

af

ਓਅੰਕਾਰ ਆਦਿ ਮੈ ਜਾਨਾ

Guru Granth Sahib, Kabir, translation by Dr. Sant Singh Khalsa, ang 340

I know only the One, the Universal Creator, the Primal Being.


ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ਰ

pa-proper noun

ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ਰ • (parmeśar) m (Shahmukhi spelling پرمیشر)

parmeśar (romanization)
پرمیشر (Shahmukhi)

ਪਰਮ (param, “supreme, ultimate, absolute”) + ਈਸ਼ਵਰ (īśavar, “God”)

af

ਪਰਮੇਸਰਿ ਦਿਤਾ ਬੰਨਾ ਦੁਖ ਰੋਗ ਕਾ ਡੇਰਾ ਭੰਨਾ

Guru Granth Sahib, Guru Arjan, translation by Dr. Sant Singh Khalsa, ang 684

The Transcendent Lord has given me His support. The house of pain and disease has been demolished.

parmeshar ditā bannā dukh rog kā ḍerā bhannā


ਖਾਲਸਤਾਨ

pa-proper noun

ਖਾਲਸਤਾਨ • (khālsatān) m (Shahmukhi spelling کھالستان)

khālsatān (romanization)
کھالستان (Shahmukhi)

ਖ਼ਾਲਿਸਤਾਨ ਖ਼ਾਲਿਸਤਾਨ#Punjabi

Alternative spelling of ਖ਼ਾਲਿਸਤਾਨ (xālistān)


کینیڈا

کَینیڈا • (kaineḍā) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਕੈਨੇਡਾ)

کَینیڈا (canonical)
kaineḍā (romanization)
ਕੈਨੇਡਾ (Gurmukhi)
کنیڈا (alternative)

der

Laurentian kanata (“village, settlement”)


کنیڈا

pa-proper noun

کنیڈا • (kaneḍā) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਕਨੇਡਾ)

کینیڈا کینیڈا#Punjabi

Alternative spelling of کینیڈا (kaeneḍā)


قسطنطنیہ

قُسْطُنْطُنِیَہ

ਕ਼ੁਸਤੁਨਤੁਨੀਆ

قُسْطُنْطُنِیَہ • (qustuntuniyah) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਕ਼ੁਸਤੁਨਤੁਨੀਆ)

قُسْطُنْطُنِیَہ (canonical)
qustuntuniyah (romanization)
ਕ਼ੁਸਤੁਨਤੁਨੀਆ (Gurmukhi)

قُسْ‧طَنْ‧طُ‧نِ‧یَہ

Corrupted from Classical Persian قسطنطنیه (qustantaniya), from Arabic الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّة (al-qusṭanṭīniyya).

der

الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّة

Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire#English

(historical) Constantinople (the former name, from 330–1930 C.E., of Istanbul, the largest city in Turkey; the former capital of the Ottoman Empire and of the Byzantine Empire before that)


انطاکیہ

pa-proper noun

اَنْطاکِیَہ • (ant̤ākiyah) m

اَنْطاکِیَہ (canonical)
ant̤ākiyah (romanization)

Borrowed from Arabic أَنْطَاكِيَة (ʔanṭākiya), from Ancient Greek Ἀντιόχεια (Antiókheia).

bor+

أَنْطَاكِيَة


ملکہ

pa-proper noun

مَلِکَہ • (malikah) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਮਲਿਕਾ)

مَلِکَہ (canonical)
malikah (romanization)
ਮਲਿਕਾ (Gurmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian ملکه (malika), from Arabic مَلِكَة (malika), feminine of مَلِك (malik, “king”).

bor+

a female given name, Malikah or Malika, from Arabic


شقرا

pa-proper noun

شَقْرا • (śaqrā) ? (Gurmukhi spelling ਸ਼ਕਰਾ)

شَقْرا (canonical)
śaqrā (romanization)
ਸ਼ਕਰਾ (Gurmukhi)

Borrowed from Arabic شَقْرَاء (šaqrāʔ), feminine singular of أَشْقَر (ʔašqar).


لداخ

لَدّاخ • (laddāx) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਲੱਦਾਖ਼)

لَدّاخ (canonical)
laddāx (romanization)
ਲੱਦਾਖ਼ (Gurmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian لداخ (ladāx), from Tibetan ལ་དྭགས (la dwags).


داغستان

pa-proper noun

داغِسْتان • (dāġistān) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਦਾਗ਼ਿਸਤਾਨ)

داغِسْتان (canonical)
dāġistān (romanization)
ਦਾਗ਼ਿਸਤਾਨ (Gurmukhi)

Dagestan (a republic and federal subject of Russia, located in the Caucasus region)


سرفراز

سَرفَراز • (sarfarāz) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਰਫ਼ਰਾਜ਼)

سَرفَراز (canonical)
sarfarāz (romanization)
ਸਰਫ਼ਰਾਜ਼ (Gurmukhi)

/sə.ɾə̆.pʰə̆.ˈɾaː.d͡ʒ/

a male given name, Sarfaraz or Sarfraz, from Persian


ਲਿੰਗ

pa-prop

ਲਿੰਗ • (liṅg) m (Shahmukhi spelling لِنگ)

liṅg (romanization)
لِنگ (Shahmukhi)
ਲਿੰਙ (alternative)


بیاس

pa-proper noun

بیاس • (beyās) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਬਿਆਸ)

Beas (A river of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab in northern India, rising in the Himalayas and emptying into the Sutlej).


ਚਿਟਾ

ਚਿਟਾ • (ciṭā) m

ਚਿੱਟਾ ਚਿੱਟਾ#Punjabi

alternative form of ਚਿੱਟਾ (ciṭṭā, “Chita”)


لہور

لَہَور or لَہور • (lahaur or lahor) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਲਹੌਰ)

لَہَور (canonical)
لَہور (canonical)
lahaur (romanization)
lahor (romanization)
ਲਹੌਰ (Gurmukhi)

Inherited from Old Punjabi ਲਾਹੋਰੁ (lāhoru), further unknown or disputed. A legend claims to be inherited from Sanskrit लव (lava, “Lava”) + पुर (pura, “fortress; city”), literally “city of Lava”, from Ramayana, a Hindu epic. Compare Kashmiri لوہوٗر (lohūr) and Urdu لاہَوْر (lāhaur).

unknown

further unknown or disputed

com

جیہنے لہور نہیں تکیا، اوہ جمیا ہی نہیں۔

jīhne lahaur nahīṉ takkeyā, oh jammeyā hī nahīṉ.

Lahore (a city, the provincial capital of Punjab, Pakistan)


مانچسٹر

pa-proper noun

مانْچَسْٹَر • (māncasṭar) m

مانْچَسْٹَر (canonical)
māncasṭar (romanization)

/mä̃ː(n).t͡ʃəs̪.ʈəɾᵊ/

لندن توں مانچسٹر جاݨا ہووے تے ریل گڈی ڈھائی گھنٹے لاندی اے۔

1998, فارق ندیم [Farūq Nadīm], پہلے پیار دا پہلا بھلیکھا [Pahle piyār dā pahlā bhulekhā], Lahore: PILAC – Institute of Punjab Language and Culture, →OCLC, page 271:

If one went from London to Manchester, the train would take two and a half hours.


پیرس

پَیْرَس • (pairas) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਪੈਰਸ)

پَیْرَس (canonical)
pairas (romanization)
ਪੈਰਸ (Gurmukhi)

Borrowed from Urdu پَیرِس (pairis), from English Paris.

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


ਅਫ਼ਗਾਨਿਸਤਾਨ

ਅਫ਼ਗਾਨਿਸਤਾਨ • (afagānistān) m

ਅਫ਼ਗ਼ਾਨਿਸਤਾਨ ਅਫ਼ਗ਼ਾਨਿਸਤਾਨ#Punjabi

Alternative form of ਅਫ਼ਗ਼ਾਨਿਸਤਾਨ (afaġānistān)


دبئی

دُبَئی • (duba'ī) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਦੁਬਈ)

دُبَئی (canonical)
duba'ī (romanization)
ਦੁਬਈ (Gurmukhi)


سری نگر

سَری نَگَر • (sarī nagar) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਰੀਨਗਰ)

سَری نَگَر (canonical)
sarī nagar (romanization)
ਸਰੀਨਗਰ (Gurmukhi)

قائدِ اعظم نعریاں دے شور وچ سری نگر نُوں ٹُر پئے

1986, Kanval Mushtaq, چونویں انشائیے [Chonven̲ inshāʼiye], Lahore, →OCLC, page 187:

The Prime Minister left for Srinagar in the midst of the noise of slogans

Srinagar (a city and district, the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir, India)


ਈਦ

īd (romanization)
عِید (Shahmukhi)
ਈਦ (direct singular)
ਈਦਾਂ (direct plural)
ਈਦ (oblique singular)
ਈਦਾਂ (oblique plural)
ਈਦੇ (singular vocative)
ਈਦੋ (plural vocative)
ਈਦੋਂ (ablative singular)
ਈਦਿਆੰ (ablative plural)
ਈਦੇ (locative singular)
ਈਦੀਂ (locative plural)
ਈਦੇ (instrumental singular)
ਈਦੀਂ (instrumental plural)

Etymology tree
Arabic عِيد (ʕīd)bor.
Classical Persian عِید (īd)bor.
Punjabi ਈਦ (īda)
Borrowed from Classical Persian عِید (īd), from Arabic عِيد (ʕīd).


سعودی عرب

pa-noun

سَعُوْدی عَرَب

سَعُوْدی عَرَب • (saʻūdī ʻarab) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਊਦੀ ਅਰਬ)

سَعُوْدی عَرَب (canonical)
saʻūdī ʻarab (romanization)
ਸਊਦੀ ਅਰਬ (Gurmukhi)

سَعُوْدی (saʻūdī) + عَرَب (ʻarab)

com

سَعُوْدی (saʻūdī) + عَرَب (ʻarab)

Saudi Arabia (a country in the Middle East)


چنھاں

pa-proper noun

چَنھاں • (canhāṉ) m

چَنھاں (canonical)
canhāṉ (romanization)

جَھناں جھناں#Punjabi


چناں

چَنّاں • (cannāṉ) m

چَنّاں (canonical)
cannāṉ (romanization)

پار چناں دے دسّے کلّی یار دی

2016, Noori, Shilpa Rao, “پار چناں دے [pār cnāṉ de, Paar Chanaa De]”, in Coke Studio: Season 9:

Across the [river] Chenab, lies my beloved’s hut

چَنھاں چنھاں#Punjabi

misspelling of چَنھاں (canhāṉ, “Chenab”)


پٹھان

پَٹھاݨ • (paṭhāṇ) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਪਠਾਣ)

پَٹھاݨ (canonical)
paṭhāṇ (romanization)
ਪਠਾਣ (Gurmukhi)

/pə.ʈʰäːɳə̆/

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀧𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀸𑀦 (*paṭṭhāna), from earlier *𑀧𑀱𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀦 (*paṣṭāna), a borrowing from Old Iranian. Compare Pashto پښتانه.

cog

Pashto پښتانه


نیپال

pa-proper noun

نیپال • (nepāl) m

Nepal (a country in South Asia, located between China and India)


بنگالی

بَنگالِی • (bangālī) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਬੰਗਾਲੀ)

بَنگالِی (canonical)
bangālī (romanization)
ਬੰਗਾਲੀ (Gurmukhi)

/bə̃ŋ.ɡäː.liː/

Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Andaman and Nicobar Islands#English

a village in Nancowry, Nicobar district, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India

a village in Ramkan district, Qeshm County, Hormozgan Province, Iran


سلہٹ

سِلْہَٹ • (silhaṭ) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਿਲਹਟ)

سِلْہَٹ (canonical)
silhaṭ (romanization)
ਸਿਲਹਟ (Gurmukhi)


ਬਸੰਤ

ਬਸੰਤ • (basant) m (Shahmukhi spelling بسنت)

basant (romanization)
بسنت (Shahmukhi)
ਬਸੰਤ (direct singular)
ਬਸੰਤ (direct plural)
ਬਸੰਤ (oblique singular)
ਬਸੰਤਾਂ (oblique plural)
ਬਸੰਤਾ (singular vocative)
ਬਸੰਤੋ (plural vocative)
ਬਸੰਤੋਂ (ablative singular)
ਬਸੰਤੇ (locative singular)
ਬਸੰਤੀਂ (locative plural)
ਬਸੰਤੇ (instrumental singular)
ਬਸੰਤੀਂ (instrumental plural)
ਵਸੰਤ (alternative)

Semi-learned borrowing from Sanskrit वसन्त (vasanta).


ਮਰਾਕਿਸ਼

pa-proper noun

ਮਰਾਕਿਸ਼ • (marākiś) m (Shahmukhi spelling مراکش)

marākiś (romanization)
مراکش (Shahmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian مراکش (marākiš), from Arabic مُرّاكُش (murrākuš), ultimately from Berber ⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴰⴽⵓⵛ (amur n akuc, literally “Land of God”).

bor+

Marrakech (the capital city of the Marrakesh-Safi region, Morocco)


ਮਿਸਰ

pa-proper noun

ਮਿਸਰ • (misar) f (Shahmukhi spelling مِصْر)

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


پشور

پِشَور • (piśaur) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਪਿਸ਼ੌਰ)

پِشَور (canonical)
piśaur (romanization)
ਪਿਸ਼ੌਰ (Gurmukhi)

/pɪ.ʃɔː.ɾə̆/

Corrupted from Classical Persian پرشاور (parašāvar), ultimately from Sanskrit पुरुषपुर (puruṣapura, “city of men”). Cognates Pashto پېښور (pex̌awar) and Urdu پشاور (piśāvar).

inh

اوہناں دیاں لکھتاں ویکھ کے انج لگدا اے جِہڑا پنجاب لہور توں دِلی تائیں تے پشور توں کابل تائیں بھلیا ہویا سی

1998, فارق ندیم [Farūq Nadīm], پہلے پیار دا پہلا بھلیکھا [Pahle piyār dā pahlā bhulekhā], Lahore: Institute of Punjab Language and Culture, →OCLC, page 210:

From his writings, it would seem that the Punjab from Lahore to Delhi and from Peshawar to Kabul was neglected

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa#English

Peshawar (a city, the provincial capital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan).


ڈھاکا

pa-proper noun

ڈھاکا • (ḍhākā) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਢਾਕਾ)


چناب

چَناب • (canāb) ? (Gurmukhi spelling ਚਨਾਬ)

چَناب (canonical)
canāb (romanization)
ਚਨਾਬ (Gurmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian چَنَاب (čanāb), borrowed from Sanskrit चन्द्रभागा (candrabhāgā), from चन्द्र (candra) + भाग (bhāga).


جرمن

pa-proper noun

جَرْمَن • (jarman) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਜਰਮਨ)

جَرْمَن (canonical)
jarman (romanization)
ਜਰਮਨ (Gurmukhi)

/d͡ʒəɾə̆.mənə̆/

Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


راوی

راوی • (rāvī) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਰਾਵੀ)

→ Urdu: راوی (rāvī)

Inherited from Sanskrit इरावती (irāvatī).

inh+

Ravi (a river in Punjab, Pakistan and the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir and the state of Himachal Pradesh in India).


کراچی

pa-proper noun

کراچی • (karācī) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਕਰਾਚੀ)

Supposedly from Sindhi کولاچی (kōlāčī), named after Mai Kolachi.

bor

Sindhi کولاچی (kōlāčī)

Karachi (the largest city in Pakistan situated along the Arabian Sea, as well as the provincial capital of Sindh Province)


ਤੁਰਕੀ

pa-proper noun

ਤੁਰਕੀ • (turkī) m (Shahmukhi spelling ترکی)

turkī (romanization)
ترکی (Shahmukhi)
ਤੁਰਕੀ (direct singular)
ਤੁਰਕੀ (direct plural)
ਤੁਰਕੀ (oblique singular)
ਤੁਰਕੀਆਂ (oblique plural)
ਤੁਰਕੀਆ (singular vocative)
ਤੁਰਕੀਓ (plural vocative)

Phono-semantic matching of English Turkey.

phono-semantic matching

Southeastern Europe
Southeastern Europe#English

Turkey (a country located in Eastern Thrace in Southeastern Europe and Anatolia in western Asia)

ਲੀਖਟਨਸ਼ਟਾਈ

līkhṭanaśṭāī


راولپنڈی

pa-noun

راوَلْپِنْڈی

راوَلْپِنْڈی • (rāvalpinḍī) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਰਾਵਲਪਿੰਡੀ)

راوَلْپِنْڈی (canonical)
rāvalpinḍī (romanization)
ਰਾਵਲਪਿੰਡੀ (Gurmukhi)

/ɾäː.ʋəl.pɪ̃ɳ.ɖiː/

/ɾäː.wəl.pɪ̃ɳ.ɖiː/

/ɾäː˦ɭə̆.pɪ̃ɳ.ɖiː/

From راول (rāval) + پنڈی (pinḍī), diminutive of پنڈ (pinḍ, “village”).


جھناں

pa-proper noun

جَھناں • (jhanāṉ) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਝਨਾਂ or ਚਨਾਬ)

جَھناں (canonical)
jhanāṉ (romanization)
ਝਨਾਂ (Gurmukhi)
ਚਨਾਬ (Gurmukhi)
چَنھاں (alternative)
چَنہاں (alternative)

/ˈt͡ʃə˨.nä̃ː˦/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *čandrás
Sanskrit चन्द्र (candra)
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰāgás
Sanskrit भाग (bhāga)
Sanskrit चन्द्रभागा (candrabhāgā)
Prakrit 𑀘𑀁𑀤𑀪𑀸𑀕𑀸 (caṃdabhāgā)
Punjabi جَھناں (jhanāṉ)
From Prakrit 𑀘𑀁𑀤𑀪𑀸𑀕𑀸 (caṃdabhāgā), from Sanskrit चन्द्रभागा (candrabhāgā), from चन्द्र (candra) + भाग (bhāga). Compare Saraiki چَنان٘ہہ (canāṉh) and Hindustani چَنَاب (canāb) / चनाब (canāb).

etymon

جَھناں

وگے لہراں لیندا راوی ٹھاٹھاں مارے جھناں

a. 1973, فقیر محمّد فقیر [fqer mḥmmd fqer, Faqir Muhammad Faqir], میرا دیس امیر [merā des amīr], quoted in لعلاں دی پنڈ [Laʻlān dī pinḍ], Lahore: Aziz Depot, archived from the original on 2023-03-29, page 375:

تے جھناں دا پانی ایڈا چڑھیا ہوندا اے کہ پاراوار کجھ نظر نہیں آؤندا

2001, شبنم اسحاق [Shabnam Isḥāq], سوہنی مہینوال [Sohṇī Mahīnvāl], Lahore: حیدر پبلیکیشنز [ḥedr pblekīśnz, Haider Publications], →OCLC, page 135:

And the Chenab waters rise so much, that nothing beyond the limit can be visible

تاریخ دے کسے موڑ اُتے راوی تے جھناں دے وِچکار لے علاقے وِچ

2005, میر تنہا یوسفی [Mīr Tanhā Yūsufī], کالا چانن [Kālā cānaṇ], Lahore: Institute of Punjabi Language and Culture, →OCLC, page 25:

At some point in history, the areas between Ravi and Chenab

Chenab (a river in Punjab, Pakistan and the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir and the state of Himachal Pradesh in India)


ਛੱਤੀਸਗੜ੍ਹ

pa-proper noun

ਛੱਤੀਸਗੜ੍ਹ • (chattīsgaṛh) ? (Shahmukhi spelling چھتیس گڑھ)

chattīsgaṛh (romanization)
چھتیس گڑھ (Shahmukhi)

/t͡ʃʰət̪.t̪iː.sə.ɡə.ɽʱə/

[t͡ʃʰət̪.t̪iː.sə̆.ɡə.ɽʱə̆]

Pa-ਛੱਤੀਸਗੜ੍ਹ.oga

ਛੱ‧ਤੀ‧ਸ‧ਗ‧ੜ੍ਹ


ਆਂਧਰਾ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼

آندھَرَ پرَدیشَ

ਆਂਧਰਾ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ • (Āndharā pradēśa) m (Shahmukhi spelling آندھَرَ پرَدیشَ)

Āndharā pradēśa (romanization)
آندھَرَ پرَدیشَ (Shahmukhi)

[äːn˦.t̪ə̆.ɾäː‿prə˦.deː.ʃə̆]

Borrowed from Hindi आंध्र प्रदेश (āndhra pradeś)

bor

आंध्र प्रदेश

Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh#English:_Q1159

Andhra Pradesh (a state in southeastern India, where Telugu is the primary language)


ਅਰੁਣਾਚਲ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼

pa-proper noun

اَرُݨَاچَل پرَدیش

ਅਰੁਣਾਚਲ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ • (aruṇācal pradeś) ? (Shahmukhi spelling اَرُݨَاچَل پرَدیش)

aruṇācal pradeś (romanization)
اَرُݨَاچَل پرَدیش (Shahmukhi)

[ə.ɾu.ɳäː.t͡ʃəl‿pɾə.deːʃ]

ਅ‧ਰੁ‧ਣਾ‧ਚਲ‧ਪ੍ਰ‧ਦੇਸ਼

Borrowed from Hindi अरुणाचल प्रदेश (aruṇācal pradeś)

bor

अरुणाचल प्रदेश

Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh#English


ਅਸਾਮ

pa-proper noun

ਅਸਾਮ • (asām) ? (Shahmukhi spelling اَسَام)


ਬਿਹਾਰ

ਬਿਹਾਰ • (bihār) ? (Shahmukhi spelling بِحَارَ)

bihār (romanization)
بِحَارَ (Shahmukhi)

[bi.ɦäː.ɾə̆]


بعلبک

بَعْلَبَک • (baʻlabak) m

بَعْلَبَک (canonical)
baʻlabak (romanization)

Borrowed from Classical Persian بَعْلَبَکّ (ba'labakk), from Arabic بَعْلَبَكّ (baʕlabakk).

bor+

Baalbek-Hermel Governorate
Baalbek-Hermel Governorate#English

Baalbek (the capital city of Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, Lebanon)


ਦੁਆਬਾ

pa-proper noun

ਦੁਆਬਾ • (duābā) m

duābā (romanization)
ਦੋਆਬ (alternative)
ਦੋਆਬਾ (alternative)

From Classical Persian دو آب (dō-āb, “two waters”).


ਝਨਾਂ

pa-proper noun

ਝਨਾਂ • (jhanā̃) m (Shahmukhi spelling جَھناں)

jhanā̃ (romanization)
جَھناں (Shahmukhi)
ਚਨਾਬ (alternative)

/ˈt͡ʃə˨.nä̃ː˦/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *čandrás
Sanskrit चन्द्र (candra)
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰāgás
Sanskrit भाग (bhāga)
Sanskrit चन्द्रभागा (candrabhāgā)
Prakrit 𑀘𑀁𑀤𑀪𑀸𑀕𑀸 (caṃdabhāgā)
Punjabi ਝਨਾਂ (jhanā̃)
From Prakrit 𑀘𑀁𑀤𑀪𑀸𑀕𑀸 (caṃdabhāgā), from Sanskrit चन्द्रभागा (candrabhāgā), from चन्द्र (candra) + भाग (bhāga).

etymon

Chenab (A river of Punjab in India and Pakistan)


ਸਿੰਧ

pa-proper noun

ਸਿੰਧ • (sindh) m (Shahmukhi spelling سندھ)

Sindh (a province of Pakistan; capital: Karachi)


ਪਟਿਆਲਾ

ਪਟਿਆਲਾ • (paṭiālā) m


ਜਰਮਨ

ਜਰਮਨ • (jarman) m (Shahmukhi spelling جَرْمَن)

jarman (romanization)
جَرْمَن (Shahmukhi)

/d͡ʒəɾə̆.mənə̆/

(colloquial) Germany (a country in Western Europe)


ਗੋਵਾ

ਗੋਵਾ • (govā) ? (Shahmukhi spelling گوَا)

Borrowed from Hindi गोवा (govā), from Konkani गोंय (goiya)


ਗੁਜਰਾਤ

ਗੁਜਰਾਤ • (gujrāt) m (Shahmukhi spelling گُجرَات)

gujrāt (romanization)
گُجرَات (Shahmukhi)

[ɡu.d͡ʒə̆.ɾäː.t̪ə̆]

Borrowed from Hindi गुजरात (gujrāt), from Gujarati ગુજરાત (gujrāt)


ਹਰਿਆਣਾ

ਹਰਿਆਣਾ • (hariāṇā) ? (Shahmukhi spelling حَرِآݨَا)

hariāṇā (romanization)
حَرِآݨَا (Shahmukhi)

[hə.ɾɪ.äː.ɳäː]

Borrowed from Hindi हरियाणा (hariyāṇā, “Haryana”)


ਹਿਮਾਚਲ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼

حِمَچَال پرَدیش

ਹਿਮਾਚਲ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ • (himācal prdeś) ? (Shahmukhi spelling حِمَچَال پرَدیش)

himācal prdeś (romanization)
حِمَچَال پرَدیش (Shahmukhi)

/ɦɪ.maː.t͡ʃə.lə̆‿pɾə.d̪eː.ʃə̆/

[ɦɪ.mäː.t͡ʃə.lə̆‿pɾə.d̪eː.ʃə̆]

ਹਿ‧ਮਾ‧ਚ‧ਲ‧ਪ੍ਰ‧ਦੇ‧ਸ਼

Borrowed from Hindi हिमाचल प्रदेश (himācal pradeś)

bor

हिमाचल प्रदेश

Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh#English:_Q1177

Himachal Pradesh (a state in northern India)


ਜੰਮੂ ਅਤੇ ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ

pa-proper noun

جَمُّو اَتے کَشمِیر

ਜੰਮੂ ਅਤੇ ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ • (jammū ate kaśmīr) ? (Shahmukhi spelling جَمُّو اَتے کَشمِیر)

jammū ate kaśmīr (romanization)
جَمُّو اَتے کَشمِیر (Shahmukhi)

[d͡ʒəm.muː‿ə.t̪eː‿kə.ʃə̆.miː.ɾə̆]

ਜੰ‧ਮੂ‧ਅ‧ਤੇ‧ਕ‧ਸ਼‧ਮੀ‧ਰ

Calque of Hindi जम्मू और कश्मीर (jammū aur kaśmīr)

calque

जम्मू और कश्मीर

Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir#English:_Q66278313

Jammu and Kashmir (a union territory of India)


ਝਾਰਖੰਡ

pa-proper noun

ਝਾਰਖੰਡ • (jhārkhaṇḍ) ? (Shahmukhi spelling جھَارکھَݨڈ)

jhārkhaṇḍ (romanization)
جھَارکھَݨڈ (Shahmukhi)

/t͡ʃaː˨.ɾə.kʰəɳ.ɖə/

[t͡ʃäː˨.ɾə̆.kʰəɳ.ɖə̆]


ਕਰਨਾਟਕ

ਕਰਨਾਟਕ • (karnāṭak) ? (Shahmukhi spelling کَرنَاٹَکَ)

karnāṭak (romanization)
کَرنَاٹَکَ (Shahmukhi)

[kə.ɾə̆.näː.ʈə.kə̆]

Borrowed from Kannada ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ (karnāṭaka)


ਕੇਰਲਾ

ਕੇਰਲਾ • (kerlā) ? (Shahmukhi spelling کیرَلَ)


ਮੱਧ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼

مَدّھ پرَدیش

ਮੱਧ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ • (maddha pradeś) m (Shahmukhi spelling مَدّھ پرَدیش)

maddha pradeś (romanization)
مَدّھ پرَدیش (Shahmukhi)

/mə́d̪.d̪ə‿pɾə.d̪eː.ʃᵊ/

[məd̪˦.d̪ə̆‿pɾə.d̪eː.ʃᵊ]

ਮੱ‧ਧ‧ਪ੍ਰ‧ਦੇ‧ਸ਼

Calque of Hindi मध्य प्रदेश (madhya pradeś)

calque

Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh#English:_Q1188

Madhya Pradesh (a state in central India)


ਮਨੀਪੁਰ

pa-proper noun

ਮਨੀਪੁਰ • (manīpur) ? (Shahmukhi spelling مَݨِیپُر)

manīpur (romanization)
مَݨِیپُر (Shahmukhi)

Borrowed from Urdu مَنی پُور (manī pūr).


ਮੇਘਾਲਿਆ

ਮੇਘਾਲਿਆ • (meghāliā) ? (Shahmukhi spelling میگھَالِآ)

meghāliā (romanization)
میگھَالِآ (Shahmukhi)

[meː˦.ɡäː.lɪ.äː]

Meghalaya (a state in northeastern India)


ਮਿਜ਼ੋਰਮ

ਮਿਜ਼ੋਰਮ • (mizoram) ? (Shahmukhi spelling مِزورَم)

mizoram (romanization)
مِزورَم (Shahmukhi)

Pa-ਮਿਜ਼ੋਰਮ.ogg

Borrowed from Hindi मिज़ोरम (mizoram), from Mizo Mizoram


ਨਾਗਾਲੈਂਡ

ਨਾਗਾਲੈਂਡ • (nāgālaiṇḍ) ? (Shahmukhi spelling نَاگَالَیݨڈ)

nāgālaiṇḍ (romanization)
نَاگَالَیݨڈ (Shahmukhi)

[näː.ɡäː.lɛːɳ.ɖə̆]

Borrowed from Hindi नागालैंड (nāgālaiṇḍ), from English Nagaland

bor

Hindi नागालैंड (nāgālaiṇḍ)

Nagaland (a state in northeastern India)


ਓੜੀਸਾ

pa-proper noun

ਓੜੀਸਾ • (oṛīsā) ? (Shahmukhi spelling اورِیسَا)

oṛīsā (romanization)
اورِیسَا (Shahmukhi)


ਰਾਜਸਥਾਨ

ਰਾਜਸਥਾਨ • (rājasthān) ? (Shahmukhi spelling رَاجَستَان)

rājasthān (romanization)
رَاجَستَان (Shahmukhi)

[ɾäː.d͡ʒə.sə̆.t̪äː.nə̆]

Borrowed from Hindi राजस्थान (rājasthān), from Marwari राजस्थान (rājasthān)

bor+

Rajasthan (a state in northwestern India, created in 1949 and replacing the former province of Rajputana)


ਸਿਕਿਮ

pa-proper noun

ਸਿਕਿਮ • (sikim) ? (Shahmukhi spelling سِکِم)

sikim (romanization)
سِکِم (Shahmukhi)
ਸਿੱਕਮ (alternative)

Borrowed from Hindi सिक्किम (sikkim), from Sikkimese སུ་ཁྱིམ (su khyim)

(historical) Sikkim (a former country in South Asia that existed from the 17th century until its annexation by India in 1975)


ਤਾਮਿਲ ਨਾਡੂ

تَامِل نَاڈُو

ਤਾਮਿਲ ਨਾਡੂ • (tāmil nāḍū) ? (Shahmukhi spelling تَامِل نَاڈُو)

tāmil nāḍū (romanization)
تَامِل نَاڈُو (Shahmukhi)

ਤਾ‧ਮਿ‧ਲ‧ਨਾ‧ਡੂ

Borrowed from Tamil தமிழ் நாடு (tamiḻ nāṭu)


ਤ੍ਰਿਪੁਰਾ

pa-proper noun

ਤ੍ਰਿਪੁਰਾ • (tripurā) ? (Shahmukhi spelling ترِپُرَا)

tripurā (romanization)
ترِپُرَا (Shahmukhi)

[t̪ɾɪ.pʊ.ɾäː]


ਉੱਤਰ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼

اُتَّر پرَدیش

ਉੱਤਰ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ • (uttar pradeś) ? (Shahmukhi spelling اُتَّر پرَدیش)

uttar pradeś (romanization)
اُتَّر پرَدیش (Shahmukhi)

/ʊt̪.t̪ə.ɾə‿pɾə.d̪eː.ʃə/

[ʊt̪.t̪ə.ɾə̆‿pɾə.d̪eː.ʃə̆]

ਉੱ‧ਤ‧ਰ‧ਪ੍ਰ‧ਦੇ‧ਸ਼

Borrowed from Hindi उत्तर प्रदेश (uttar pradeś)

bor+

उत्तर प्रदेश

Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh#English:_Q1498

Uttar Pradesh (a state in northern India)


ਉੱਤਰਖੰਡ

pa-proper noun

اُتَّرَاکھَݨڈ

ਉੱਤਰਖੰਡ • (uttarkhaṇḍ) ? (Shahmukhi spelling اُتَّرَاکھَݨڈ)

uttarkhaṇḍ (romanization)
اُتَّرَاکھَݨڈ (Shahmukhi)

/ʊt̪.t̪ə.ɾə.kʰəɳ.ɖə/

[ʊt̪.t̪ə.ɾə̆.kʰəɳ.ɖə̆]

Borrowed from Hindi उत्तराखंड (uttarākhaṇḍ)

bor+

Uttarakhand (a state in northern India, created in 2000 by separation from Uttar Pradesh)


ਪੱਛਮੀ ਬੰਗਾਲ

pa-proper noun

پَچَّمِی بینگَل

ਪੱਛਮੀ ਬੰਗਾਲ • (pacchamī baṅgāl) ? (Shahmukhi spelling پَچَّمِی بینگَل)

pacchamī baṅgāl (romanization)
پَچَّمِی بینگَل (Shahmukhi)

[pət̚.t͡ʃə.miː‿beːŋ.ɡäː.lə̆]

Calque of Bengali পশ্চিম বঙ্গ (pościm boṅgo)


اسکندریہ

pa-proper noun

اِسکَندَرِیَہ

اِسکَندَرِیَہ • (īskandariyah) m

اِسکَندَرِیَہ (canonical)
īskandariyah (romanization)

From Arabic الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّة (al-ʔiskandariyya).

bor

الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّة


الیاس

pa-proper noun

اِلْیاس • (ilyās) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਇਲਿਆਸ)

اِلْیاس (canonical)
ilyās (romanization)
ਇਲਿਆਸ (Gurmukhi)

Borrowed from Arabic إِلْيَاس (ʔilyās), from Hebrew אליהו.

إِلْيَاس إلياس#Arabic

אליהו אליהו#Hebrew

a male given name, Ilyas, from Arabic إِلْيَاس (ʔilyās) [in turn from Hebrew אליהו]


ਰਾਜ ਸਭਾ

ਰਾਜ ਸਭਾ • (rāj sabhā) f

Rajya Sabha (upper house of the Parliament of the Republic of India)


ਲੋਕ ਸਭਾ

Lok Sabha (lower house of the Parliament of the Republic of India)


لوسیل

لُوسَیْل • (lūsail) m (Shahmukhi spelling ਲੂਸੈਲ)

لُوسَیْل (canonical)
lūsail (romanization)
ਲੂਸੈਲ (Shahmukhi)


ਦੱਖਣ

ਦੱਖਣ • (dakkhaṇ) m (Shahmukhi spelling دکھن)

Inherited from Old Punjabi ਦਖਿਣਿ (dakhiṇi /dakkhiṇi/), from Sanskrit दक्षिण (dákṣiṇa, “right (side), south”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dáćšinas, from Proto-Indo-European *déḱsinos, from *deḱs- (“right (side)”).


ਲੋਹੜੀ

pa-proper noun

ਲੋਹੜੀ • (lohṛī) f (Shahmukhi spelling لوہڑی)

lohṛī (romanization)
لوہڑی (Shahmukhi)
ਲੋੜ੍ਹੀ (alternative)

Lohri (a Punjabi festival celebrating the end of winter)


ਮਾਘੀ

ਮਾਘੀ • (māghī) f (Shahmukhi spelling ماگھی)

ਮਾਘ (māgh, “Magha (month name)”) + -ਈ (-ī)

af

(Hinduism) Makar Sakranti (a Hindu solar festival corresponding to January 14th or 15th in the Gregorian calendar)

(Sikhism) Maghi (a festival commemorating the Battle of Muktsar)


ਬਸੰਤ ਪੰਚਮੀ

ਬਸੰਤ (basant, “spring”) + ਪੰਚਮੀ (pañcmī, “fifth day of a lunar fortnight”)

com

Vasant Panchami (festival marking the arrival of spring)


جٹ

جَٹّ (canonical)
jaṭṭ (romanization)
ਜੱਟ (Gurmukhi)

→ Arabic: زط (zuṭṭ)

Probably related to Sanskrit जर्तिक (jartika), a name of a tribe. Cognate with Urdu جاٹ (jāṭ).


ਲਾਲ ਸਮੁੰਦਰ

pa-proper noun

ਲਾਲ ਸਮੁੰਦਰ • (lāl samundar) m (Shahmukhi spelling لال سمندر)

lāl samundar (romanization)
لال سمندر (Shahmukhi)

Red Sea (A sea between the Arabian Peninsula and Africa)


ਮੰਦਰ

mandar (romanization)
ਮੰਦਿਰ (alternative)

→ English: Mander


جھنگ

جَھن٘گ • (jhaṉg) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਝੰਗ)

جَھن٘گ (canonical)
jhaṉg (romanization)
ਝੰਗ (Gurmukhi)

Ultimately from Sanskrit जाङ्गल (jāṅgala, “rough terrain; forested terrain”) (whence جنگل (jangal, “forest; jungle; wilderness”).


ਬਜਰਾ

/bə.d͡ʒə̆.ɾäː/

Bajra (a village in Jalandhar district, Punjab)


ਮਾਲਟਾ

pa-proper noun

ਮਾਲਟਾ • (mālṭā) m (Shahmukhi spelling مالٹا)

Malta (an archipelago and country in Southern Europe, in the Mediterranean Sea)

Malta (the largest island in the Maltese Archipelago)


ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕਾ

ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕਾ • (afarīkā) m

Africa (the continent south of Europe and between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans)


ਦੱਖਣੀ ਕੋਰੀਆ

ਦੱਖਣੀ ਕੋਰੀਆ • (dakkhaṇī korīā) ?


ਉੱਤਰੀ ਕੋਰੀਆ

ਉੱਤਰੀ ਕੋਰੀਆ • (uttarī korīā) ?


ਪੋਠੋਹਾਰ

ਪੋਠੋਹਾਰ • (poṭhohār) m

poṭhohār (romanization)
ਪੋਠਵਾਰ (alternative)

/poːʈʰo.aː˥˩.ɾə̆/

Pothohar (A region of northwestern Punjab, located in northern Pakistan)


ਅਸ਼ੋਕ

ਅਸ਼ੋਕ • (aśok) m


ਕਪੂਰ

ਕਪੂਰ • (kapūr) m or f (Shahmukhi spelling کَپُور)

kapūr (romanization)
کَپُور (Shahmukhi)
ਕਾਫ਼ੂਰ (alternative)

a kshatriya surname, Kapoor, used by Khattrīs.


ਕੁਮਾਰ

ਕੁਮਾਰ • (kumār) m

/kʊ.mäː.ɾə̆/

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कुमार (kumāra, “prince”)


ਕੁਮਾਰ

/kʊ.mäː.ɾə̆/


ਖੈਹਿਰਾ

pa-proper noun

ਖੈਹਿਰਾ • (khaihirā) m or f (Shahmukhi spelling کھیہرا)

khaihirā (romanization)
کھیہرا (Shahmukhi)
ਖਹਿਰਾ (alternative)


ਜੱਟ

ਜੱਟ • (jaṭṭa) m (Shahmukhi spelling جٹّ)

→ Arabic: زط (zuṭṭ)

Probably related to Sanskrit जर्तिक (jartika), a name of a tribe. Cognate with Hindi जाट (jāṭ).


ਸ਼ਿਵ

ਸ਼ਿਵ • (śiv) m


ਬੁੱਧ

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddha).


ਬੁੱਧ

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit बुध (budha).


ਕੁਬੇਰ

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कुबेर (kubera).


ਗਣੇਸ਼

pa-proper noun

ਗਣੇਸ਼ • (gaṇeś) m (Shahmukhi spelling گنیش)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit गणेश (gaṇeśa).


ਕਰਕ

pa-proper noun

ਕਰਕ • (karak) f (Shahmukhi spelling کرک)


ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ

ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ • (kaśmīr) m (Shahmukhi spelling کشمیر)

Kashmir (a contested geographic region of South Asia in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, located between (and de facto divided between) India, Pakistan and China)


ਲਕਸ਼ਮੀ

ਲਕਸ਼ਮੀ • (lakśamī) f (Shahmukhi spelling لکشمی)

lakśamī (romanization)
لکشمی (Shahmukhi)
ਲੱਛਮੀ (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit लक्ष्मी (lakṣmī).


فیصل آباد

pa-proper noun

فَیصَل آباد • (faisalābād) ? (Gurmukhi spelling ਫ਼ੈਸਲਾਬਾਦ)

فَیصَل آباد (canonical)
faisalābād (romanization)
ਫ਼ੈਸਲਾਬਾਦ (Gurmukhi)

From فیصل (faisal) + ـآباد (-ābād). Named after Saudi monarch Faisal of Saudi Arabia.

named-after

Faisalabad (a city in Faisalabad district, Punjab, Pakistan). It is the third largest city in Pakistan and the second largest in Punjab.


ਹਵਾਈ

pa-proper noun

ਹਵਾਈ • (havāī) ? (Shahmukhi spelling ہوائی)

From English Hawaii, from Hawaiian Hawaiʻi.

Hawaii (an insular state of the United States, formerly a territory)


ساہیوال

ساہِیوَال • (sāhīvāl) ? (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਾਹੀਵਾਲ)

ساہِیوَال (canonical)
sāhīvāl (romanization)
ਸਾਹੀਵਾਲ (Gurmukhi)

desc

→ Urdu: ساہِیوَال (sāhīvāl)

→ Urdu: ساہِیوَال (sāhīvāl)


جہلم

pa-proper noun

جِہْلَم • (jihlam) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਜਿਹਲਮ or ਜੇਹਲਮ)

جِہْلَم (canonical)
jihlam (romanization)
ਜਿਹਲਮ (Gurmukhi)
ਜੇਹਲਮ (Gurmukhi)

[d͡ʒeː˩˥.lˑɐ̃mᵊ]

Jhelum (a city in Jhelum district, province of Punjab, Pakistan)

ویہَت ویہت#Punjabi

Jhelum (a river in the Punjab of Pakistan and the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India) – synonym of ویہَت (vehat)


ਰਿਸ਼ੀ

ਰਿਸ਼ੀ • (riśī) m (Shahmukhi spelling رشی)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit ऋषि (ṛṣi).

lbor

a South Asian male given name from Sanskrit


ਵੇਦ

Borrowed from Sanskrit वेद (veda, “knowledge; Veda”).


ਕਰਾਚੀ

pa-proper noun

ਕਰਾਚੀ • (karācī) m (Shahmukhi spelling کراچی)

Supposedly from Sindhi کولاچی (kōlāčī), named after Mai Kolachi.

bor

Sindhi کولاچی (kōlāčī)

Karachi (a city, the provincial capital of Sindh, Pakistan)


ਬਲੋਚਿਸਤਾਨ

pa-proper noun

ਬਲੋਚਿਸਤਾਨ • (balocistān) m (Shahmukhi spelling بلوچستان)

balocistān (romanization)
بلوچستان (Shahmukhi)

Balochistan (a province of Pakistan; capital: Quetta).


ਵਾਰਸ

ਵਾਰਸ • (vāras) m (Shahmukhi spelling وارث)

vāras (romanization)
وارث (Shahmukhi)
ਵਾਰਸ (alternative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian وارث (wāris), from Arabic وَارِث (wāriṯ). Compare Bengali ওয়ারিস (ōẇariś), Gujarati વારસ (vāras), Hindi वारिस (vāris), Marathi वारस (vāras).


ਸ਼ੁੱਕਰ

pa-proper noun

ਸ਼ੁੱਕਰ • (śukkar) m

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit शुक्र (śukra).

lbor

planets of the Solar System: ਸੂਰਜ ਮੰਡਲ ਦੇ ਗ੍ਰਹਿ: ਬੁੱਧ · ਸ਼ੁੱਕਰ · ਧਰਤੀ · ਮੰਗਲ · ਬ੍ਰਹਿਸਪਤ · ਸ਼ਨੀ · ਯੁਰੇਨਸ · ਵਰੁਣ [edit]


ਵਰੁਣ

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit वरुण (varuṇa).


ਬ੍ਰਹਿਸਪਤ

pa-proper noun

ਬ੍ਰਹਿਸਪਤ • (brhisapat) m (Shahmukhi spelling برہسپت)

brhisapat (romanization)
برہسپت (Shahmukhi)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit बृहस्पति (bṛhaspati).


ਅਗਨੀ

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अग्नि (agni). Doublet of ਅੱਗ (agga), an inherited form.


ਪਰਾਗ

pa-proper noun

ਪਰਾਗ • (parāg) ? (Shahmukhi spelling پراگ)

Borrowed from English Prague, probably from German Prag.

Prague (the capital of the Czech Republic)


ਕ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਨ

ਕ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਨ • (kriśan) m

kriśan (romanization)
ਕਰਿਸ਼ਨ (alternative)


ਬ੍ਰਹਮਾ

ਬ੍ਰਹਮਾ • (brahmā) m

brahmā (romanization)
ਬਰਹਮਾ (alternative)


ਹੈਦਰਾਬਾਦ

ਹੈਦਰਾਬਾਦ • (haidrābād) ? (Shahmukhi spelling حیدرآباد)

haidrābād (romanization)
حیدرآباد (Shahmukhi)

Hyderabad (the capital city of Telangana)


ਤੇਲੰਗਾਨਾ

ਤੇਲੰਗਾਨਾ • (telaṅgānā) ? (Shahmukhi spelling تیلنگاݨا)

telaṅgānā (romanization)
تیلنگاݨا (Shahmukhi)
ਤੇਲੰਗਾਣਾ (alternative)

Borrowed from Telugu తెలంగాణ (telaṅgāṇa).

bor+

Telangana (a state in south-central India, created in 2014 by separation from Andhra Pradesh)


ਦੰਦ ਖੰਡ ਤਟ

head

ਦੰਦ ਖੰਡ ਤਟ • (dand khaṇḍ taṭ)

Ivory Coast, Côte d'Ivoire (a country in West Africa)


ਸੀਤਾ

pa-proper noun

ਸੀਤਾ • (sītā) f (Shahmukhi spelling سیتا)


ਸਿਲਹਟ

ਸਿਲਹਟ • (silhaṭ) m (Shahmukhi spelling سلہٹ)


ਢਾਕਾ

ਢਾਕਾ • (ḍhākā) m (Shahmukhi spelling ڈھاکا)


ਕਠਮੰਡੂ

ਕਠਮੰਡੂ • (kaṭhmaṇḍū) m (Shahmukhi spelling کٹھمنڈو)

kaṭhmaṇḍū (romanization)
کٹھمنڈو (Shahmukhi)


ਨੇਪਾਲ

ਨੇਪਾਲ • (nepāl) m (Shahmukhi spelling نیپال)

Ultimately from Sanskrit नेपाल (nepāla).

Nepal (a country in South Asia, located between China and India)


ਖੁਦਾ

ਖੁਦਾ • (khudā) m (Shahmukhi spelling خدا)

khudā (romanization)
خدا (Shahmukhi)
ਖ਼ੁਦਾ (alternative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian خدا (xudā). Compare Hindi ख़ुदा (xudā).


ਭੂਟਾਨ

pa-proper noun

ਭੂਟਾਨ • (bhūṭān) m (Shahmukhi spelling بھوٹان)

bhūṭān (romanization)
بھوٹان (Shahmukhi)

Bhutan (a country in South Asia, in the Himalayas)


فیصل

فَیصَل • (faiṣal) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਫ਼ੈਸਲ)

فَیصَل (canonical)
faiṣal (romanization)
ਫ਼ੈਸਲ (Gurmukhi)

Ultimately from Arabic فَيْصَل (fayṣal).


داؤد

داؤُد • (dāūd) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਦਾਊਦ)

داؤُد (canonical)
dāūd (romanization)
ਦਾਊਦ (Gurmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian داوُد (dāwud), from Arabic دَاوُد (dāwud).


سہون سریف

pa-proper noun

سِہْوَݨ شَرِیف

ਸਿਹਵਣ ਸ਼ਰੀਫ਼

سِہْوَݨ شَرِیف • (sihvaṇ śarīf) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਿਹਵਣ ਸ਼ਰੀਫ਼)

سِہْوَݨ شَرِیف (canonical)
sihvaṇ śarīf (romanization)
ਸਿਹਵਣ ਸ਼ਰੀਫ਼ (Gurmukhi)

/seː˦.ʋəɳᵊ‿ʃə.ɾiːfᵊ/

Sehwan (a city in Jamshoro district, Sindh, Pakistan)


دکھن

دَکِّھݨ • (dakkhiṇ) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਦੱਖਿਣ or ਦੱਖਣ)

دَکِّھݨ (canonical)
dakkhiṇ (romanization)
ਦੱਖਿਣ (Gurmukhi)
ਦੱਖਣ (Gurmukhi)

[ˈd̪ɐkːʰɪ̽ɳə̆]

Inherited from Old Punjabi دکھن (dkhn /dakkhiṇi/), from Sanskrit दक्षिण (dakṣiṇa).


ਤਿੱਬਤ

pa-proper noun

ਤਿੱਬਤ • (tibbat) m (Shahmukhi spelling تبت)


ਚੌਧਰੀ

pa-noun

ਚੌਧਰੀ • (caudhrī) m or f (Shahmukhi spelling چودھری)

caudhrī (romanization)
چودھری (Shahmukhi)

[t͡ʃɔː˦.d̪ᵊ.ɾi]

From Sanskrit चतुर्धर (caturdhara, “name of a family or race”).

der

a surname, equivalent to English Chaudhary


مدھ پردیش

pa-proper noun

مدھ پردیش • (maddha pradeś) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਮੱਧ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼)

maddha pradeś (romanization)
ਮੱਧ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ (Gurmukhi)

/mə́d̪.d̪ə‿pɾə.d̪eː.ʃᵊ/

[məd̪˦.d̪ə̆‿pɾə.d̪eː.ʃᵊ]

مَ‧دّھ‧پرَ‧دے‧ش

Calque of Hindi मध्य प्रदेश (madhya pradeś)


ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਅਰਬ ਅਮੀਰਾਤ

pa-proper noun

ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਅਰਬ ਅਮੀਰਾਤ • (sãyukat arab amīrāt) f pl

sãyukat arab amīrāt (romanization)
ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਅਰਬ ਇਮਰਾਤ (alternative)

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English:_Q878

United Arab Emirates (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


ਅਰਬ

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates

Arabia (a peninsula of Western Asia between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf; includes Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates)

Arabia (the region of Western Asia within or adjacent to the Arabian Plate; Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, the Egyptian Sinai, Palestine and the United Arab Emirates)


اورنگزیب

اَوْرَنْگزیب

اَوْرَنْگزیب • (aurangzeb) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਔਰੰਗਜ਼ੇਬ)

اَوْرَنْگزیب (canonical)
aurangzeb (romanization)
ਔਰੰਗਜ਼ੇਬ (Gurmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian اَورَنْگزیب (awrang-zēb, literally “Ornament of the Throne”).

bor+

a male given name, Aurangzeb, from Persian


ਔਰੰਗਜ਼ੇਬ

pa-proper noun

اَوْرَنْگزیب

ਔਰੰਗਜ਼ੇਬ • (auraṅgzeb) m (Shahmukhi spelling اَوْرَنْگزیب)

auraṅgzeb (romanization)
اَوْرَنْگزیب (Shahmukhi)

[ɔːɾəŋɡᵊzeːbᵊ]

Borrowed from Classical Persian اورنگزیب (awrang-zēb, literally “Ornament of the Throne”).


ناصرہ

pa-proper noun

نَاصِرَہ • (nāṣirah) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਨਾਸਿਰਾ)

نَاصِرَہ (canonical)
nāṣirah (romanization)
ਨਾਸਿਰਾ (Gurmukhi)

Borrowed from Arabic النَّاصِرَة (an-nāṣira).


ਮੈਕਸੀਕੋ ਦੀ ਖਾੜੀ

pa-proper noun

ਮੈਕਸੀਕੋ ਦੀ ਖਾੜੀ • (maiksīko dī khāṛī) f

Gulf of Mexico (a gulf of the Atlantic Ocean)


ਫ਼ਾਰਸ ਦੀ ਖਾੜੀ

فارس دی کھاڑی

ਫ਼ਾਰਸ ਦੀ ਖਾੜੀ • (fāras dī khāṛī) f (Shahmukhi spelling فارس دی کھاڑی)

fāras dī khāṛī (romanization)
فارس دی کھاڑی (Shahmukhi)

Persian Gulf (A gulf between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula)


آمنہ

آمِنَہ • (āminah) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਆਮਿਨਾ)

آمِنَہ (canonical)
āminah (romanization)
ਆਮਿਨਾ (Gurmukhi)


ਲੁਧਿਆਣਾ

ਲੁਧਿਆਣਾ • (ludhiāṇā) m (Shahmukhi spelling لُدِھیاݨَہ)

ludhiāṇā (romanization)
لُدِھیاݨَہ (Shahmukhi)

→ Hindi: लुधियाना (ludhiyānā)

→ Urdu: لدھیانہ (ludhiyāna)

→ Odia: ଲୁଧିଆନା (ludhiānā)


ਗਣਤੰਤਰ ਦਿਵਸ

Republic Day (national holiday commemorating when the Constitution of India came into effect)


ਬਾਲਟਿਕ ਸਮੁੰਦਰ

ਬਾਲਟਿਕ ਸਮੁੰਦਰ • (bālṭik samundar) m (Shahmukhi spelling بالٹک سمندر)

bālṭik samundar (romanization)
بالٹک سمندر (Shahmukhi)

Baltic Sea (a sea in Northern Europe, an arm of the Atlantic enclosed by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia and Sweden)


ਦੋਆਬਾ

ਦੋਆਬਾ • (doābā) m

ਦੁਆਬਾ ਦੁਆਬਾ#Punjabi


ਬੈਰੂਤ

ਬੈਰੂਤ • (bairūt) m (Shahmukhi spelling بَیرُوت)

bairūt (romanization)
بَیرُوت (Shahmukhi)


ਨੀਲ

Borrowed from Classical Persian نیل (nīl), from Arabic النِيل (an-nīl).


ਪੁਰਾਣ

pa-proper noun

ਪੁਰਾਣ • (purāṇ) m

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पुराण (purāṇa).


ਮਹਾਂਭਾਰਤ

pa-proper noun

ਮਹਾਂਭਾਰਤ • (mahāmbhārat) m (Shahmukhi spelling مہابھارت)

mahāmbhārat (romanization)
مہابھارت (Shahmukhi)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit महाभारत (mahābhārata).


ਮਾਦਾਗਾਸਕਰ

pa-proper noun

ਮਾਦਾਗਾਸਕਰ • (mādāgāskar) m (Shahmukhi spelling مڈغاسکر)

mādāgāskar (romanization)
مڈغاسکر (Shahmukhi)

Pa-ਮਾਦਾਗਾਸਕਰ.ogg

Madagascar (an island and country off the east coast of Africa)


ਤ੍ਰਿਭਵਨ

Tribhavan (romanization)
ਤਰਿਭਵਨ (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit त्रिभुवन (tribhuvana), from त्रि- (tri-, “three; tri-”) and भुवन (bhuvana, “world”).

lbor

a male given name, Tribhavan, used in India.


ਜੂਨ

June (sixth month of the Gregorian calendar)


ਚਿਤ੍ਰਗੁਪਤ

citragupat (romanization)
ਚਿਤਰਗੁਪਤ (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit चित्रगुप्त (citragupta).

Chitragupta (attendant of Yama who records all of a person's deeds during their lifetime)


ਮਾਝਾ

pa-proper noun

ਮਾਝਾ • (mā́jā) m (Shahmukhi spelling ماجھا)

mā́jā (romanization)
ماجھا (Shahmukhi)
ਮਾਝਾ (direct singular)
ਮਾਝੇ (direct plural)
ਮਾਝੇ (oblique singular)
ਮਾਝਿਆਂ (oblique plural)
ਮਾਝਿਆ (singular vocative)
ਮਾਝਿਓ (plural vocative)
ਮਾਝਿਓਂ (ablative singular)
ਮਾਝੇ (locative singular)
ਮਾਝੇ (instrumental singular)

From Sanskrit मध्य (madhya, “middle, centre”).

der

Majha (A region in central Punjab now split between India and Pakistan)


ਰਾਵਲਪਿੰਡੀ

pa-noun

راوَلْپِنْڈی

ਰਾਵਲਪਿੰਡੀ • (rāvalpiṇḍī) m (Shahmukhi spelling راوَلْپِنْڈی)

rāvalpiṇḍī (romanization)
راوَلْپِنْڈی (Shahmukhi)

/ɾäː.ʋəl.pɪ̃ɳ.ɖiː/

/ɾäː.wəl.pɪ̃ɳ.ɖiː/

/ɾäː˦ɭə̆.pɪ̃ɳ.ɖiː/

From ਰਾਵਲ (rāval) + ਪਿੰਡੀ (piṇḍī), diminutive of ਪਿੰਡ (piṇḍ, “village”).

com

ਰਾਵਲ (rāval) + ਪਿੰਡੀ (piṇḍī)


ਫ਼ੈਸਲਾਬਾਦ

pa-proper noun

ਫ਼ੈਸਲਾਬਾਦ • (faislābād) m (Shahmukhi spelling فیصل آباد)

faislābād (romanization)
فیصل آباد (Shahmukhi)

From ਫ਼ੈਸਲ (faisal) + ਆਬਾਦ (ābād). Named after Saudi monarch Faisal of Saudi Arabia.

named-after

Faisalabad (a city in Faisalabad district, Punjab, Pakistan).


سلیمانیہ

pa-proper noun

سُلَیمانِیَہ

سُلَیمانِیَہ • (sulaimāniyah) m

سُلَیمانِیَہ (canonical)
sulaimāniyah (romanization)

From Arabic السُّلَيْمَانِيَّة (as-sulaymāniyya).

bor

السُّلَيْمَانِيَّة


اسماعیلیہ

pa-proper noun

اِسماعِیلِیَہ

اِسماعِیلِیَہ • (īsmā‘īliyah) m

اِسماعِیلِیَہ (canonical)
īsmā‘īliyah (romanization)

From Arabic الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيَّة (al-ʔismāʕīliyya).

der

الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيَّة


لاذقیہ

pa-proper noun

لاذِقِیَہ • (lāẕiqiyah) m

لاذِقِیَہ (canonical)
lāẕiqiyah (romanization)

From Arabic اللَّاذِقِيَّة (al-lāḏiqiyya).

bor

اللَّاذِقِيَّة


مانہہ

pa-proper noun

مَان٘ہہ • (māṉh) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਮਾਂਹ)

مَان٘ہہ (canonical)
māṉh (romanization)
ਮਾਂਹ (Gurmukhi)

(rustic) Alternative form of مَیں (maiṉ, “I, me”)


کوہ نور

کوہِ نُور • (koh-e nūr) ?

کوہِ نُور (canonical)
koh-e nūr (romanization)

Borrowed from Classical Persian کوه نور (kōh-i nūr).


وہران

pa-proper noun

وَہْران • (vahrān) ?

وَہْران (canonical)
vahrān (romanization)


قیروان

Borrowed from Arabic الْقَيْرَوَان (al-qayrawān), from Middle Persian kʾlwʾn'.

bor+

الْقَيْرَوَان


ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਬਾਦਸ਼ਾਹੀ

pa-proper noun

ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਬਾਦਸ਼ਾਹੀ • (sãyukat bādśāhī) ?

United Kingdom
United Kingdom#English:_Q145

United Kingdom (a kingdom and country in Northern Europe)


ਯੂਨਾਈਟਡ ਕਿੰਗਡਮ

ਯੂਨਾਈਟਡ ਕਿੰਗਡਮ • (yūnāīṭaḍ kiṅgḍam) ?

/juːnaːiːʈəɖə‿kiŋɡəɖəmə/

[juːnaːiːʈəɖ‿kiŋɡɖəm]

United Kingdom (a country in Europe; capital: London)


ਕਾਹਲੋਂ

ਕਾਹਲੋਂ • (kāhlõ) m (indeclinable, Shahmukhi spelling کاہلوں)


ਗੁਜਰਾਂਵਾਲਾ

ਗੁਜਰਾਂਵਾਲਾ • (gujrā̃vālā) ? (Shahmukhi spelling گوجرانوالہ)

gujrā̃vālā (romanization)
گوجرانوالہ (Shahmukhi)

desc

گوجْران٘وَالَہ

→ Urdu: گوجْران٘وَالَہ (gujrānvālā)

→ Urdu: گوجْران٘وَالَہ (gujrānvālā)

→ English: Gujranwala

[ɡud͡ʒɾãːʋaːlaː]

a city and division in Punjab, Pakistan.


قادیاں

pa-proper noun

قادِیاں • (qādīyāṉ) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਕਾਦੀਆਂ)

قادِیاں (canonical)
qādīyāṉ (romanization)
ਕਾਦੀਆਂ (Gurmukhi)

Qadian (a town in Gurdaspur district, Punjab, India)


ਕੋਂਕਣ

ਕੋਂਕਣ • (koṅkaṇ) m

Konkan (a traditional region on the western coast of India.)


فزان

فَزّان • (fazzān) ? (Gurmukhi spelling ਫ਼ੱਜ਼ਾਨ)

فَزّان (canonical)
fazzān (romanization)
ਫ਼ੱਜ਼ਾਨ (Gurmukhi)

Borrowed from Arabic فَزَّان (fazzān), from Latin Phazania.


ਮਾਝੀ

pa-prop

ਮਾਝੀ • (mājhī) ?

→ English: Majhi

ਮਾਝਾ (mājhā, “Majha”) + -ਈ (-ī, “adjectival suffix”).


ਪੁਆਧ

pa-proper noun

ਪੁਆਧ • (puādha) ? (Shahmukhi spelling پوادھ)

→ English: Puadh, Poadh, Powadh

From ਪੂਰਵ (pūrav, “eastern”) + ਆੱਧ (āddha, “half”).


جھنگوی

pa-proper noun

جھَنگوِی • (jhangvī) ? (Gurmukhi spelling ਝੰਗਵੀ)

جھَنگوِی (canonical)
jhangvī (romanization)
ਝੰਗਵੀ (Gurmukhi)

→ English: Jhangvi

/d̥͡ʒə˥˩ŋ.ɡə̆.ʋiː/

/d͡ʒ(ʱ)ə˦˨ŋ.ɡə̆.ʋiː/

جَھن٘گ (jhaṉg) + ـوی (-vī)

suf

جَھن٘گ (jhaṉg) + ـوی (-vī)


ادرنہ

pa-proper noun

اَدِرْنَہ • (adirnah) ? (Gurmukhi spelling ਅਦਿਰਨਾ)

اَدِرْنَہ (canonical)
adirnah (romanization)
ਅਦਿਰਨਾ (Gurmukhi)

Etymology tree
Etruscan 𐌇𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌉𐌀 (hatria)der.?
Latin Hadria
Latin -ānus
Latin Hadriānusbor.
Ancient Greek Ἁδριανός (Hadrianós)
Proto-Indo-European *tpelH-
Proto-Hellenic *ptólis
Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis)
Byzantine Greek Ἁδριανούπολις (Hadrianoúpolis)der.
Ottoman Turkish ادرنهbor.
Classical Persian اَدِرْنَه (adirna)bor.
Punjabi ادرنہ
Borrowed from Classical Persian اَدِرْنَه (adirna).

etymon

Edirne (a municipality, the capital of Edirne district and Edirne Province, Turkey)

Edirne (a province in eastern Thrace, in northwestern Turkey)

Edirne (a district of Edirne Province, Turkey)


زہیب

pa-proper noun

زُہیب or زَہیب • (zuheb or zaheb) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਜ਼ੁਹੇਬ)

زُہیب (canonical)
زَہیب (canonical)
zuheb (romanization)
zaheb (romanization)
ਜ਼ੁਹੇਬ (Gurmukhi)


ਹਿੰਦੁਸਤਾਨ

ਹਿੰਦੁਸਤਾਨ • (hindustān) m (Shahmukhi spelling ہِندُسْتان)

hindustān (romanization)
ہِندُسْتان (Shahmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian هِنْدُوسْتَان (hindūstān). First attested as Old Punjabi ਹਿੰਦੁਸਤਾਨੁ (hindusatānu).

bor+

هِنْدُوسْتَان


ਖ਼ੈਬਰ ਪਖ਼ਤੂਨਖ਼ਵਾ

pa-proper noun

خَیبَر پَخْتُونْخْوا

ਖ਼ੈਬਰ ਪਖ਼ਤੂਨਖ਼ਵਾ • (xaibar paxtūnaxvā) ? (Shahmukhi spelling خَیبَر پَخْتُونْخْوا)

xaibar paxtūnaxvā (romanization)
خَیبَر پَخْتُونْخْوا (Shahmukhi)

[xɛbəɾᵊ‿pəxᵊtuːnᵊxʋaː]

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (a province of Pakistan; capital: Peshawar)


ਤਰਖਾਣ

pa-noun

ਤਰਖਾਣ • (tarkhāṇ) m (Shahmukhi spelling ترکھاݨ)

tarkhāṇ (romanization)
ترکھاݨ (Shahmukhi)
ਤਖਾਣ (alternative)
ਤਖਾਨ (alternative)
ਤਰਖ਼ਾਣ (alternative)
ਤਰਖਾਨ (alternative)

/t̪ə.ɾᵊ.kʰäː.ɳᵊ/

/t̪ə.ɾᵊ.x̠äː.ɳᵊ/

Either inherited from Sanskrit तक्षन् (takṣan) and influenced by Persian ترخان (itself possibly from Old Turkic 𐱃𐰺𐰴𐰣 (t¹r¹qn¹)), or directly corrupted from the Persian term. Compare Urdu تکھان.

Tarkhan; a carpentry caste common in the Punjab region of India and Pakistan


ترکھان

تَرکھاݨ • (tarkhāṇ) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਤਰਖਾਣ)

تَرکھاݨ (canonical)
tarkhāṇ (romanization)
ਤਰਖਾਣ (Gurmukhi)
تَکھاݨ (alternative)
تَرخاݨ (alternative)


لہندا

pa-proper noun

لَہَنْدا • (lahandā) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਲਹਿੰਦਾ)

لَہَنْدا (canonical)
lahandā (romanization)
ਲਹਿੰਦਾ (Gurmukhi)

From لَہَݨا (lahaṇā, “to ebb; descend”). The 'Western' sense comes from the fact the sun sets in the West.

لَہَنْدا پَنْجاب
لہندا پنجاب#Punjabi

ellipsis of لَہَنْدا پَنْجاب (lahandā panjāb, “Western Punjab”)


بھٹو

بُھٹّو • (bhuṭṭo) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਭੁੱਟੋ)

بُھٹّو (canonical)
bhuṭṭo (romanization)
ਭੁੱਟੋ (Gurmukhi)


بوٹا

pa-noun

بُوٹا • (būṭā) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਬੂਟਾ)

بُوٹا (canonical)
būṭā (romanization)
ਬੂਟਾ (Gurmukhi)

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀩𑀽𑀝 (*būṭa). Cognate with Urdu بُوٹا (būṭā).

cog

Urdu بُوٹا (būṭā)


ਕਾਨ੍ਹ

pa-proper noun

ਕਾਨ੍ਹ • (kānh) m (Shahmukhi spelling کانھ)


کانھ

کانھ • (kānh) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਕਾਨ੍ਹ)

kānh (romanization)
ਕਾਨ੍ਹ (Gurmukhi)
کاہن (alternative)

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀳 (kaṇha), from Sanskrit कृष्ण (kr̥ṣṇá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥šnás (“black”), from Proto-Indo-European *kr̥snós (“black”).


ਇੰਦਰ

ਇੰਦਰ • (indar) m (Shahmukhi spelling اِندَر)

indar (romanization)
اِندَر (Shahmukhi)
ਇੰਦਰ (direct singular)
ਇੰਦਰ (direct plural)
ਇੰਦਰ (oblique singular)
ਇੰਦਰਾਂ (oblique plural)
ਇੰਦਰਾ (singular vocative)
ਇੰਦਰੋ (plural vocative)
ਇੰਦਰੋਂ (ablative singular)
ਇੰਦਰੇ (locative singular)
ਇੰਦਰੀਂ (locative plural)
ਇੰਦਰੇ (instrumental singular)
ਇੰਦਰੀਂ (instrumental plural)


ਵਿਸ਼ਨ

ਵਿਸ਼ਨ • (viśan) m (Shahmukhi spelling وِشَن)

viśan (romanization)
وِشَن (Shahmukhi)
ਵਿਸ਼ਨ (direct singular)
ਵਿਸ਼ਨ (direct plural)
ਵਿਸ਼ਨ (oblique singular)
ਵਿਸ਼ਨਾਂ (oblique plural)
ਵਿਸ਼ਨਾ (singular vocative)
ਵਿਸ਼ਨੋ (plural vocative)
ਵਿਸ਼ਨੋਂ (ablative singular)
ਵਿਸ਼ਨੇ (locative singular)
ਵਿਸ਼ਨੀਂ (locative plural)
ਵਿਸ਼ਨੇ (instrumental singular)
ਵਿਸ਼ਨੀਂ (instrumental plural)


ਯਿਸੂ

pa-noun

ਯਿਸੂ • (yisū) m (Shahmukhi spelling یسو)

From Aramaic ישוע (yešú‘), from Hebrew ישוע (yešûa‘), a contracted form of יהושע (yəhôšua‘, “Joshua”). Doublet of ਯਸੂਹ (yasūh) and ਈਸਾ (īsā).


ਈਸਾ

ਈਸਾ • (īsā) m (Shahmukhi spelling عیسیٰ)

Borrowed from Classical Persian عِیسیٰ (īsā).

bor+

Jesus (ʿĪsā), son of Mary, revered as a major prophet in the Quran


ਯਸੂ

ਯਸੂਹ ਯਸੂਹ#Punjabi


بکتاش

pa-proper noun

بَکْتاش • (baktāś) m

بَکْتاش (canonical)
baktāś (romanization)


ਸਰਫ਼ਰਾਜ਼

ਸਰਫ਼ਰਾਜ਼ • (sarfarāz) m (Shahmukhi spelling سَرفَراز)

sarfarāz (romanization)
سَرفَراز (Shahmukhi)

/səɾᵊ.f(ə)ɾäːd͡ʒə̆/

/səɾᵊ.pʰə.ɾäːd͡ʒə̆/

Borrowed from Classical Persian سَرْفَرَاز (sarfarāz).

bor+

ਸਰਫ਼ਰਾਜ਼ ਅਹਮਦ

a male given name from Persian, equivalent to English Sarfaraz or Sarfraz


اصفہان

pa-proper noun

اَصْفَہَان • (aṣfahān) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਅਸਫ਼ਹਾਨ)

اَصْفَہَان (canonical)
aṣfahān (romanization)
ਅਸਫ਼ਹਾਨ (Gurmukhi)

Borrowed from Urdu اِصْفَہان (isfahān), from Classical Persian اِصْفَهَان (isfahān).

Isfahan (a city in Iran, the seat of Isfahan County's Central District, and the capital of Isfahan Province, the third largest city of Iran; the former capital of Iran, from 1598–1736)


ਸੇਠ

ਸੇਠ • (seṭh) m (Shahmukhi spelling سیٹھ)

Inherited from Sanskrit श्रेष्ठिन् (śreṣṭhin). Doublet of ਸੇਠਣ (seṭhaṇ) and ਸੇਠਣੀ (seṭhṇī).


ਨਾਰੈਣ

pa-proper noun

ਨਾਰੈਣ • (nāraiṇ) m (Shahmukhi spelling نارَیْن)

nāraiṇ (romanization)
نارَیْن (Shahmukhi)

Inherited from Sanskrit नारायण (nārāyaṇa).


ਕ਼ੁਸਤੁਨਤੁਨੀਆ

pa-proper noun

ਕ਼ੁਸਤੁਨਤੁਨੀਆ • (qustuntunīā) m (Shahmukhi spelling قسطُنطُنیہ)

qustuntunīā (romanization)
قسطُنطُنیہ (Shahmukhi)

ਕ਼ੁਸ‧ਤੁਨ‧ਤੁ‧ਨੀ‧ਆ

Corrupted from Classical Persian قسطنطنیه (qustantaniya), from Arabic الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّة (al-qusṭanṭīniyya).

der

الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّة

Constantinople (the former name of Istanbul, the largest city of Turkey)


ਪਠਾਣ

pa-proper noun

ਪਠਾਣ • (paṭhāṇ) m (Shahmukhi spelling پَٹھاݨ)

paṭhāṇ (romanization)
پَٹھاݨ (Shahmukhi)
ਪਠਾਣ (direct singular)
ਪਠਾਣ (direct plural)
ਪਠਾਣ (oblique singular)
ਪਠਾਣਾਂ (oblique plural)
ਪਠਾਣਾ (singular vocative)
ਪਠਾਣੋ (plural vocative)
ਪਠਾਣੋਂ (ablative singular)
ਪਠਾਣੇ (locative singular)
ਪਠਾਣੀਂ (locative plural)
ਪਠਾਣੇ (instrumental singular)
ਪਠਾਣੀਂ (instrumental plural)

/pə.ʈʰäːɳə̆/

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀧𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀸𑀦 (*paṭṭhāna). Compare Pashto پښتانه.

cog

Pashto پښتانه


ਗੁਲਸ਼ਨ

pa-proper noun

ਗੁਲਸ਼ਨ • (gulśan) ?

Borrowed from Classical Persian گُلشَن (golšan). Cognate with Assamese গুলছন (gulsôn), Bengali গুলশান (gulśān), Hindi गुलशन (gulśan), Marathi गुलशन (gulśan), Nepali गुलशन (gulaśan).

bor+

Gulshan (a neighbourhood of Dhaka, Bangladesh)


ਕੁਰਾਨ

pa-proper noun

ਕੁਰਾਨ • (kurān) m (Shahmukhi spelling قُرآن)

kurān (romanization)
قُرآن (Shahmukhi)
ਕ਼ੁਰਆਨ (alternative)
ਕ਼ੁਰਆਨ੍ (alternative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian قرآن (qur'ān), from Arabic اَلْقُرْآن (al-qurʔān).


ਸ਼ੈਤਾਨ

pa-proper noun

ਸ਼ੈਤਾਨ • (śaitān) m (Shahmukhi spelling شَیطان)

śaitān (romanization)
شَیطان (Shahmukhi)
ਸ਼ਤਾਨ (alternative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian شَیْطان (šaytān), from Arabic شَيْطَان (šayṭān).

der

Arabic شَيْطَان (šayṭān)


ਹੜੱਪਾ

pa-proper noun

ਹੜੱਪਾ • (haṛappā) m (Shahmukhi spelling ہَڑَپّا)

haṛappā (romanization)
ہَڑَپّا (Shahmukhi)

Indus Valley Civilization
Indus Valley Civilization#English

Indus Valley Civilization (an ancient civilization extant along the river Indus in South Asia)

Harappa (an archeological site in Pakistan)


ਅਕਾਲ ਪੁਰਖ

ਅਕਾਲ ਪੁਰਖ • (akāl purakh) m (Shahmukhi spelling اکال پرکھ)

akāl purakh (romanization)
اکال پرکھ (Shahmukhi)

[əkaːlə̆‿pʊɾəkʰə̆]


ਹਰਿ

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit हरि (hari).


ਗੋਬਿੰਦ

pa-proper noun

ਗੋਬਿੰਦ • (gobind) m (Shahmukhi spelling گوبِند)

gobind (romanization)
گوبِند (Shahmukhi)
ਗੋਵਿੰਦ (alternative)

[ɡoːbɪnd̪ə̆]

Borrowed from Sanskrit गोविन्द (govinda).


ਅਵਾਨ

pa-proper noun

ਅਵਾਨ • (avān) m (Shahmukhi spelling اعوان)


ਰਾਈਂ

pa-noun

ਰਾਈਂ • (rāī̃) m (Shahmukhi spelling راہیں)

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀆𑀭𑀸𑀫𑀺𑀅 (ārāmia), from Sanskrit आरामिक (ārāmika, “gardener”). Cognate with Gujarati રામી (rāmī) and Sindhi آرائيِ (ārā̃ī).

cog

Sindhi آرائيِ (ārā̃ī)


ਭੱਟੀ

pa-proper noun

ਭੱਟੀ • (bhaṭṭī) m (Shahmukhi spelling بھٹی)

a surname, Bhatti, used by Jats and Rajputs


ਚੂਹੜਾ

ਚੂਹੜਾ • (cūhṛā) m (Shahmukhi spelling چوہرا)

Inherited from Sanskrit *चूहड (cūhaḍa). Cognate with Hindustani चूहड़ा (cūhṛā) / چُوہْڑا (cūhṛā).


ਡੋਗਰ

ਡੋਗਰ • (ḍogar) m (Shahmukhi spelling ڈوگر)


ਗੱਖਰ

ਗੱਖਰ • (gakkhar) ? (Shahmukhi spelling گاکھر)

gakkhar (romanization)
گاکھر (Shahmukhi)


ਝੀਵਰ

ਝੀਵਰ • (jhīvar) m (Shahmukhi spelling جھیور)

[t͡ʃiːʋəɾə̆]

Inherited from Old Punjabi ਝੀਵਰੁ (jhīvaru), from Sanskrit धीवर (dhīvara).


ਖੋਖਰ

pa-proper noun

ਖੋਖਰ • (khokhar) m (Shahmukhi spelling کھوکھر)

khokhar (romanization)
کھوکھر (Shahmukhi)

[kʰoːkʰəɾə̆]

a surname, Khokhar, used by Jats and Rajputs


ਖਰਲ

ਖਰਲ • (kharal) m (Shahmukhi spelling کھرل)

a Kharal surname, used by Jats and Rajputs.


ਲੁਹਾਰ

ਲੁਹਾਰ • (luhār) m (Shahmukhi spelling لوہار)

luhār (romanization)
لوہار (Shahmukhi)
ਲੋਹਾਰ (alternative)

[lʊ˦.aː.ɾə̆]

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀮𑁄𑀳𑀸𑀭 (lohāra), from Sanskrit लोहकार (lohakāra). By surface analysis, ਲੋਹਾ (lohā) + ਕਾਰ (kār). Cognate with Bengali লোহার (lōhar), Gujarati લવાર (lavār), Hindustani لوہار (lohār) / लोहार (lohār), and Sindhi لُهارُ (luhāru).


ਮਰਾਸੀ

pa-proper noun

ਮਰਾਸੀ • (marāsī) m (Shahmukhi spelling مراثی)

marāsī (romanization)
مراثی (Shahmukhi)
ਮਿਰਾਸੀ (alternative)


ਸੈਣੀ

ਸੈਣੀ • (saiṇī) m (Shahmukhi spelling سینی)

saiṇī (romanization)
سینی (Shahmukhi)
ਸੈਣੀ (direct singular)
ਸੈਣੀ (direct plural)
ਸੈਣੀ (oblique singular)
ਸੈਣੀਆਂ (oblique plural)
ਸੈਣੀਆ (singular vocative)
ਸੈਣੀਓ (plural vocative)


ਸ਼ੇਖ

ਸ਼ੇਖ • (śekh) ? (Shahmukhi spelling شیخ)


ਬਜਾਜ

ਬਜਾਜ • (bajāj) m (Shahmukhi spelling بجاج)

[bəd͡ʒaːd͡ʒə̆]


ਘੁੰਮਣ

ਘੁੰਮਣ • (ghummaṇ) ? (Shahmukhi spelling گھمن)

[kʊ˨.mːə.ɳə̆]


ਅਬਰੋਲ

ਅਬਰੋਲ • (abarol) ? (Shahmukhi spelling ابرول)

[əbə̆ɾoːlə̆]


ਅਟਵਾਲ

ਅਟਵਾਲ • (aṭavāl) ? (Shahmukhi spelling اٹوال)

[əʈə̆ʋaːlə̆]


ਬਹਿਲ

ਬਹਿਲ • (bahil) f (Shahmukhi spelling بہل)


ਬਾਹਰੀ

ਬਾਹਰੀ • (bāhrī) f (Shahmukhi spelling باہری)

Borrowed from Arabic بَحْرِيّ (baḥriyy).


ਬਤਵਾਲ

ਬਤਵਾਲ • (batvāl) m (Shahmukhi spelling بتوال)

[bət̪ə̆ʋaːlə̆]


ਬਾਵਾ

ਬਾਵਾ • (bāvā) m (Shahmukhi spelling باوا)


ਭਨੋਟ

ਭਨੋਟ • (bhanoṭ) ? (Shahmukhi spelling بھنوٹ)


ਭਾਟੀਆ

ਭਾਟੀਆ • (bhāṭīā) m (Shahmukhi spelling بھاٹیآ)

bhāṭīā (romanization)
بھاٹیآ (Shahmukhi)


ਬਿੰਦਰਾ

ਬਿੰਦਰਾ • (bindrā) ? (Shahmukhi spelling بندرا)

[bɪnd̪ə̆ɾaː]


ਚੱਢਾ

ਚੱਢਾ • (caḍḍhā) m (Shahmukhi spelling چڈھا)

[t͡ʃə˩˥.ɖːaː]


ਦੁੱਗਲ

ਦੁੱਗਲ • (duggal) m (Shahmukhi spelling دگل)


ਕੰਧਾਰੀ

ਕੰਧਾਰੀ • (kandhārī) ? (Shahmukhi spelling کندھاری)

kandhārī (romanization)
کندھاری (Shahmukhi)


ਕੌਸ਼ਲ

ਕੌਸ਼ਲ • (kauśal) m (Shahmukhi spelling کوشل)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कौशल (kauśala).


ਖੰਨਾ

pa-proper noun

ਖੰਨਾ • (khannā) m (Shahmukhi spelling کھنا)


ਖੋਸਲਾ

ਖੋਸਲਾ • (khoslā) ? (Shahmukhi spelling کھوسلا)

khoslā (romanization)
کھوسلا (Shahmukhi)


ਕੋਹਲੀ

ਕੋਹਲੀ • (kohlī) ? (Shahmukhi spelling کوہلی)


ਧਾਲੀਵਾਲ

ਧਾਲੀਵਾਲ • (dhālīvāl) ? (Shahmukhi spelling دھالیوال)

dhālīvāl (romanization)
دھالیوال (Shahmukhi)
ਧਾਰੀਵਾਲ (alternative)


ਮਹਿੰਦਰੂ

ਮਹਿੰਦਰੂ • (mahindrū) ? (Shahmukhi spelling مہندرو)

mahindrū (romanization)
مہندرو (Shahmukhi)

[mɛ̃ːnd̪ə̆ɾuː]


ਨਰੂਲਾ

ਨਰੂਲਾ • (narūlā) ? (Shahmukhi spelling نرولا)


ਪੁਰੀ

ਪੁਰੀ • (purī) f (Shahmukhi spelling پری)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पुरी (purī).


ਸਭਰਵਾਲ

pa-proper noun

ਸਭਰਵਾਲ • (sabharvāl) ? (Shahmukhi spelling سبھروال)

sabharvāl (romanization)
سبھروال (Shahmukhi)

[sə˦.bə.ɾə̆.ʋaː.lə̆]


ਸਚਦੇਵ

ਸਚਦੇਵ • (sacdev) ? (Shahmukhi spelling سچدیو)

[sət͡ʃə̆d̪eːʋə̆]


ਸਾਹਨੀ

ਸਾਹਨੀ • (sāhnī) ? (Shahmukhi spelling ناہنی)


ਸੰਧੂ

ਸੰਧੂ • (sandhū) ? (Shahmukhi spelling سندھو)


ਸਹਿਗਲ

ਸਹਿਗਲ • (sahigal) ? (Shahmukhi spelling سہگل)

[sɛː˦.ɡə.lə̆]


ਸੋਨੀ

ਸੋਨੀ • (sonī) m (Shahmukhi spelling سونی)


ਥਾਪਰ

ਥਾਪਰ • (thāpar) ? (Shahmukhi spelling تھاپر)

[t̪ʰaːpəɾə̆]


ਉੱਪਲ

ਉੱਪਲ • (uppal) m (Shahmukhi spelling اپل)


ਧੀਰ

ਧੀਰ • (dhīr) m (Shahmukhi spelling دھیر)


ਚੌਲਾ

ਚੌਲਾ • (caulā) m (Shahmukhi spelling چولا)


ਹੋਲਾ ਮਹੱਲਾ

ਹੋਲਾ ਮਹੱਲਾ • (holā mahallā) m (Shahmukhi spelling ہولا مہلا)

holā mahallā (romanization)
ہولا مہلا (Shahmukhi)


ਸਿਮਰਨ

simran (romanization)
ਸਿਮਰਨ (direct singular)
ਸਿਮਰਨਾਂ (direct plural)
ਸਿਮਰਨ (oblique singular)
ਸਿਮਰਨਾਂ (oblique plural)
ਸਿਮਰਨੇ (singular vocative)
ਸਿਮਰਨੋ (plural vocative)
ਸਿਮਰਨੋਂ (ablative singular)
ਸਿਮਰਨਿਆੰ (ablative plural)
ਸਿਮਰਨੇ (locative singular)
ਸਿਮਰਨੀਂ (locative plural)
ਸਿਮਰਨੇ (instrumental singular)
ਸਿਮਰਨੀਂ (instrumental plural)

[sɪmə̆ɾənə̆]

Inherited from Sanskrit स्मरण (smaraṇa).

a unisex given name, Simran, from Sanskrit


ਨਾਮਕਰਨ

ਨਾਮਕਰਨ • (nāmkaran) m (Shahmukhi spelling نامکرن)

nāmkaran (romanization)
نامکرن (Shahmukhi)

[naːmə̆kəɾənə̆]


ਅਨੰਦ ਕਾਰਜ

ਅਨੰਦ ਕਾਰਜ • (anand kāraj) m (Shahmukhi spelling انند کارج)

anand kāraj (romanization)
انند کارج (Shahmukhi)

[ənə̃nd̪ə̆‿kaːɾəd͡ʒə̆]


ਪੰਜ ਪਿਆਰੇ

ਪੰਜ ਪਿਆਰੇ • (pañj piāre) ? (Shahmukhi spelling پنج پیارے)

pañj piāre (romanization)
پنج پیارے (Shahmukhi)

[pənd͡ʒə̆‿pɪaːɾeː]


ਬ੍ਰਹਿਮੰਡ

ਬ੍ਰਹਿਮੰਡ • (brarhimaṇḍ) m

brarhimaṇḍ (romanization)
ਬਰਹਿਮੰਡ (alternative)


ਦੁਰਗਾ

ਦੁਰਗਾ • (durgā) ?

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit दुर्गा (durgā).

lbor

Goddess Durga (daughter of Himavat and wife of Shiva)


ਚੋਪੜਾ

pa-noun

ਚੋਪੜਾ • (copṛā) m


ਲ੍ਹਾਸਾ

pa-proper noun

ਲ੍ਹਾਸਾ • (lhāsā) ? (Shahmukhi spelling لھاسہ)

lhāsā (romanization)
لھاسہ (Shahmukhi)
ਲਾਸਾ (alternative)

Borrowed from Tibetan ལྷ་ས (lha sa), from Old Tibetan ར་ས (ra sa). Probably through an intermediate like Hindi ल्हासा (lhāsā).

Lhasa (a city, the capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


لھاسہ

لھاسَہ • (lhāsah) ? (Gurmukhi spelling ਲ੍ਹਾਸਾ)

لھاسَہ (canonical)
lhāsah (romanization)
ਲ੍ਹਾਸਾ (Gurmukhi)
لھاسا (alternative)
لہاسا (alternative)
لہاسہ (alternative)


اشہل

اَشْہَل • (aśhal) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਅਸ਼ਹਲ or ਅਸ਼੍ਹਲ)

اَشْہَل (canonical)
aśhal (romanization)
ਅਸ਼ਹਲ (Gurmukhi)
ਅਸ਼੍ਹਲ (Gurmukhi)

/ˈə˨˥.ʃə.lə̆/

/ˈəʃ.ɦə.lə̆/

a male given name from Arabic, equivalent to English Ashhal


شکی

شَکی • (śakī) ?


ਯੂਨਾਨ

ਯੂਨਾਨ • (yūnān) m (Shahmukhi spelling یُونان)

yūnān (romanization)
یُونان (Shahmukhi)
ਯੁਨਾਨ (alternative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian یُونَان (yūnān), ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἰωνία (Iōnía, “Ionia”).

bor+

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


ਯੁਨਾਨ

pa-proper noun

ਯੁਨਾਨ • (yunān) m (Shahmukhi spelling یُنان)

yunān (romanization)
یُنان (Shahmukhi)
ਯੂਨਾਨ (alternative)


ਨਵੀਂ ਦਿੱਲੀ

نَوِیں دِلّی

ਨਵੀਂ ਦਿੱਲੀ • (navī̃ dillī) f (Shahmukhi spelling نَوِیں دِلّی)

navī̃ dillī (romanization)
نَوِیں دِلّی (Shahmukhi)

pa:ਨਵੀਂ ਦਿੱਲੀ


ਬੰਬਈ

pa-prop

ਬੰਬਈ • (bambaī) f (Shahmukhi spelling بَمْبَئی)

bambaī (romanization)
بَمْبَئی (Shahmukhi)

Borrowed from Hindustani बंबई / بَمْبَئی (bambaī), from Portuguese Bombaim.

Bombay (former name of Mumbai, a megacity, the capital of Maharashtra, India)


ਅੱਲ੍ਹਾ

head

ਅੱਲ੍ਹਾ • (allhā)

ਅੱਲਾਹ ਅੱਲਾਹ#Punjabi


سجھ

سِجھ (canonical)
sijh (romanization)
ਸਿਝ (Gurmukhi)
سِج (alternative)

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀲𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚 (sujja, “the sun”), from Sanskrit सूर्य (sūrya, “sun; sun-god”)۔ Cognate with Sindhi سِجُ (“Sun”)

inh+

سِجھ چڑھیا تے گیا ان٘دھیرا


خدیجہ

pa-proper noun

خَدِیجہ • (xadījā) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਖ਼ਦੀਜਾ)

خَدِیجہ (canonical)
xadījā (romanization)
ਖ਼ਦੀਜਾ (Gurmukhi)
ختیجہ (alternative)
حدیجہ (alternative)
حتیجہ (alternative)

Ultimately from Arabic خَدِيجة (ḵadīja).

a female given name, Khadija, from Arabic

(Islam) Khadija bint Khuwaylid, the first wife of the prophet Muhammad; the mother of Fatima.


ختیجہ

خَتِیجہ • (xadījā) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਖ਼ਤੀਜਾ)

خَتِیجہ (canonical)
xadījā (romanization)
ਖ਼ਤੀਜਾ (Gurmukhi)

خَدِیجہ خدیجہ#Punjabi


حدیجہ

حَدِیجہ • (hadījā) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਹਦੀਜਾ)

حَدِیجہ (canonical)
hadījā (romanization)
ਹਦੀਜਾ (Gurmukhi)

خَدِیجہ خدیجہ#Punjabi


حتیجہ

حَتِیجہ • (hatījā) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਹਤੀਜਾ)

حَتِیجہ (canonical)
hatījā (romanization)
ਹਤੀਜਾ (Gurmukhi)

خَدِیجہ خدیجہ#Punjabi


یسو

pa-noun

یِسُو • (yisū) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਯਿਸੂ)

یِسُو (canonical)
yisū (romanization)
ਯਿਸੂ (Gurmukhi)

From Aramaic ישוע (yešú‘), from Hebrew ישוע (yešûa‘), a contracted form of יהושע (yəhôšua‘, “Joshua”).


ਯਸੂਹ

ਯਸੂਹ • (yasūh) m (Shahmukhi spelling یَسُوع)

yasūh (romanization)
یَسُوع (Shahmukhi)
ਯਸੂ (alternative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian یَسُوع (yasū'), from Arabic يَسُوع (yasūʕ). Doublet of ਈਸਾ (īsā) and ਯਿਸੂ (yisū).


پہاڑی

pa-proper noun

پَہاڑِی • (pahāṛī) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਪਹਾੜੀ)

پَہاڑِی (canonical)
pahāṛī (romanization)
ਪਹਾੜੀ (Gurmukhi)

پَہاڑ (pahāṛ) + ـِی (-ī) (adjectival suffix)

suf

پَہاڑ (pahāṛ) + ـِی (-ī)

/pəˈaː˥˩.ɽiː/

Pahari (any of the Pahari languages or them as a whole)

a dialect of Western Punjabi, known collectively with Pothohari as Pahari-Pothohari


شاہ رخ

pa-proper noun

شاہ رُخ • (śāh rux) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸ਼ਾਹਰੁਖ)

شاہ رُخ (canonical)
śāh rux (romanization)
ਸ਼ਾਹਰੁਖ (Gurmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian شَاهْرُخ (šāhrux).

bor+

a male given name, Shah Rukh, from Persian


چھنچھر

pa-proper noun

چَھنِچَّھر • (chanicchar) ? (Gurmukhi spelling ਛਨਿੱਛਰ)

چَھنِچَّھر (canonical)
chanicchar (romanization)
ਛਨਿੱਛਰ (Gurmukhi)
سَنِچَّھر (alternative)
چَھنِچَّھن (alternative)

/t͡ʃʰə̆.nɪt.t͡ʃʰə.ɾ/

Inherited from Sanskrit शनिश्चर (śaniścara).

inh+

چَھنِچَّھر وار
چھنچھر وار#Punjabi

Short for چَھنِچَّھر وار (chanicchar vār, “Saturday”).


سنچھر

pa-proper noun

سَنِچَّھر • (sanicchar) ? (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਨਿੱਛਰ)

سَنِچَّھر (canonical)
sanicchar (romanization)
ਸਨਿੱਛਰ (Gurmukhi)

چھنچھر چھنچھر#Punjabi

Alternative form of چھنچھر (chanicchar, “Saturn”)

سنچھر وار
سنچھر وار#Punjabi

Short for سنچھر وار (sanicchar vār, “Saturday”).


چھنچھن

چَھنِچَّھن or چَھنِچَھن • (chanicchan or chanichan) ? (Gurmukhi spelling ਛਨਿੱਛਨ or ਛਨਿਛਨ)

چَھنِچَّھن (canonical)
چَھنِچَھن (canonical)
chanicchan (romanization)
chanichan (romanization)
ਛਨਿੱਛਨ (Gurmukhi)
ਛਨਿਛਨ (Gurmukhi)

/t͡ʃʰə̆.nɪt.t͡ʃʰə.n/

/t͡ʃʰə.nɪ̆.t͡ʃʰə.n/

چھنچھر چھنچھر#Punjabi

چھنچّھن وار
چھنچھن وار#Punjabi

Short for چھنچّھن وار (chanicchan vār, “Saturday”).


جھنگوچی

جَھن٘گوچی • (jhaṉgocī) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਝੰਗੋਚੀ)

جَھن٘گوچی (canonical)
jhaṉgocī (romanization)
ਝੰਗੋਚੀ (Gurmukhi)

/d̥͡ʒəŋ.ɡoː˥˩t.t͡ʃiː/

/d͡ʒ(ʱ)əŋ.ɡoː˦˨t.t͡ʃiː/

From جَھن٘گ (jhaṉg). Compare تَھࣇوچی (thaḷocī). Perhaps related to بَلوچی (balocī).


تھلی

تَھࣇی • (thaḷī) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਥਲ਼ੋਚੀ)

تَھࣇی (canonical)
thaḷī (romanization)
ਥਲ਼ੋਚੀ (Gurmukhi)

→ English: Thali


تھل

تَھࣇ (canonical)
thaḷ (romanization)
ਥਲ਼ (Gurmukhi)

→ Urdu: تَھل (thal)

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀣𑀮 (thala, “dry place, place”), from Sanskrit स्थल (sthála, “dry land, place”). Cognate with Hindustani थल / تھل (thal), Nepali थल (thal), Assamese থল (thol), Odia ଥଳ (thaḷa), Old Awadhi थल (thala), Gujarati થળ (thaḷ), Marwari थळ (thaḷ) and Marathi थळ (thaḷ).


تھلوچی

pa-proper noun

تَھࣇوچی • (thaḷocī) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਥਲ਼ੋਚੀ)

تَھࣇوچی (canonical)
thaḷocī (romanization)
ਥਲ਼ੋਚੀ (Gurmukhi)

From تَھࣇ (thaḷ). Compare جَھن٘گوچی (jhaṉgocī). Perhaps related to بَلوچی (balocī).


تھلوچڑ

تَھࣇوچَڑ • (thaḷocaṛ) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਥਲ਼ੋਚੜ)

تَھࣇوچَڑ (canonical)
thaḷocaṛ (romanization)
ਥਲ਼ੋਚੜ (Gurmukhi)

/tʰə̆.ɭoːt.t͡ʃə.ɽ/


ویہت

ویہَت • (vehat) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਵਿਹਤ or ਵੇਹਤ)

ویہَت (canonical)
vehat (romanization)
ਵਿਹਤ (Gurmukhi)
ਵੇਹਤ (Gurmukhi)

Inherited from Sanskrit वितस्ता (vitástā).
Cognates
Cognate with Kashmiri وؠتھ (vyath).

inh+

چار مہینے گُزر گئے۔ سکندر نوں ویہت نہیں لنگھن دِتا

2015, سعید بُھٹا [Saʻīd Bhuṭṭah], کمال کہانی [Kamāl kahāṇī, An Excellent Story], 2nd edition (fiction), Lahore: سانجھ [sānjh], →ISBN, page 41:

Four months had passed. Sikandar wasn't [allowed to be] able to cross the [river] Jhelum

Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir#English

Jhelum (a river in the Punjab of Pakistan and the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India)