راج

rāj (romanization)
ਰਾਜ (Gurmukhi)
راج (direct singular)
راج (direct plural)
راج (oblique singular)
راجاں (oblique plural)
راجا (singular vocative)
راجو (plural vocative)
راجوں (ablative singular)
راجاں (ablative plural)
راجے (locative singular)
راجِیں (locative plural)
راجوں (instrumental singular)

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀭𑀚𑁆𑀚 (rajja), from Sanskrit राज्य (rājya, “royalty, kingdom, realm”).


ਕੌਮ

pa-noun

ਕੌਮ • (kaum) f (Shahmukhi spelling قَوم)

From Arabic قَوْم (qawm). Compare Hindi क़ौम (qaum).


ਨਸਲ

ਨਸਲ • (nasal) f (Shahmukhi spelling نسل)

Borrowed from Classical Persian نسل (nasl), from Arabic نَسْل (nasl). Compare Hindi नस्ल (nasla).


ਲੋਕ

lok (romanization)
لوک (Shahmukhi)
ਲੋਕ (direct singular)
ਲੋਕ (direct plural)
ਲੋਕ (oblique singular)
ਲੋਕਾਂ (oblique plural)
ਲੋਕਾ (singular vocative)
ਲੋਕੋ (plural vocative)
ਲੋਕੋਂ (ablative singular)
ਲੋਕੇ (locative singular)
ਲੋਕੀਂ (locative plural)
ਲੋਕੇ (instrumental singular)
ਲੋਕੀਂ (instrumental plural)

people (any collective group of persons)


ਮਨੁੱਖਤਾ

Borrowed from Sanskrit मनुष्यता (manuṣyatā). By surface analysis, ਮਨੁੱਖ (manukkha) + -ਤਾ (-tā).


ਭੀੜ

pa-noun

ਭੀੜ • (bhīṛ) f (Shahmukhi spelling بِھیڑ)

bhīṛ (romanization)
بِھیڑ (Shahmukhi)
ਭੀੜ (direct singular)
ਭੀੜਾਂ (direct plural)
ਭੀੜ (oblique singular)
ਭੀੜਾਂ (oblique plural)
ਭੀੜੇ (singular vocative)
ਭੀੜੋ (plural vocative)
ਭੀੜੋਂ (ablative singular)
ਭੀੜਿਆੰ (ablative plural)
ਭੀੜੇ (locative singular)
ਭੀੜੀਂ (locative plural)
ਭੀੜੇ (instrumental singular)
ਭੀੜੀਂ (instrumental plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ent-
Proto-Indo-European *h₂énts?
Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Habʰí
Sanskrit अभि- (abhi-)
Proto-Indo-European *wert-
Sanskrit वृत् (vṛt)
Sanskrit अभिवृत् (abhivṛt)der.?
Ashokan Prakrit *𑀪𑀺𑀝𑁆 (*bhiṭ)der.
Punjabi ਭੀੜ (bhīṛ)Derived from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀪𑀺𑀝𑁆 (*bhiṭ), possibly from Sanskrit अभिवृत् (abhivṛt), from अभि- (abhi-) + वृत् (vṛt).

etymon

crowd, multitude, throng, mob, rush, stampede, pell-mell

distress, adversity, crisis, hardship, trouble


ਗੁਆਂਢ

pa-noun

ਗੁਆਂਢ • (guāṇḍha) m (Shahmukhi spelling گوانڈھ)

guāṇḍha (romanization)
گوانڈھ (Shahmukhi)

Inherited from Prakrit, from Sanskrit ग्रामार्ध (grāmārdha, “vicinity of village”), compound of ग्राम (grā́ma, “village”) + अर्ध (árdha, “half”).


ਰਾਜ

rājă (romanization)
راج (Shahmukhi)
ਰਾਜ (direct singular)
ਰਾਜ (direct plural)
ਰਾਜ (oblique singular)
ਰਾਜਾਂ (oblique plural)
ਰਾਜਾ (singular vocative)
ਰਾਜੋ (plural vocative)
ਰਾਜੋਂ (ablative singular)
ਰਾਜੇ (locative singular)
ਰਾਜੀਂ (locative plural)
ਰਾਜੇ (instrumental singular)
ਰਾਜੀਂ (instrumental plural)

country, states or territories ruled over


ਕਬੀਲਾ

pa-noun

ਕਬੀਲਾ • (kabīlā) m (Shahmukhi spelling قبیلہ)

Borrowed from Classical Persian قبیله (qabīla), from Arabic قَبِيلَة (qabīla). Compare Hindi क़बीला (qabīlā).


ਮਜਲਸ

pa-noun

ਮਜਲਸ • (majlas) m (Shahmukhi spelling مجلس)

Borrowed from Classical Persian مجلس (majlis), from Arabic مَجْلِس (majlis).


ਅਵਾਮ

pa-noun

ਅਵਾਮ • (avām) m pl (Shahmukhi spelling عوام)

Borrowed from Classical Persian عوام ('awām), from Arabic عَوَام (ʕawām), plural of عَامَّة (ʕāmma, “majority”). Compare Hindi अवाम (avām).


ਜਨਤਾ

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit जनता (janatā).

lbor

public, people, populace, population, the masses


ਘਰਾਨਾ

pa-noun

ਘਰਾਨਾ • (gharānā) m (Shahmukhi spelling گھرانا)

gharānā (romanization)
گھرانا (Shahmukhi)


گوانڈھ

گَوانڈھ or گُوَانڈھ • (transliteration needed or gūānḍh) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਗਵਾਂਢ or ਗੁਆਂਢ)

گَوانڈھ (canonical)
گُوَانڈھ (canonical)
or gūānḍh
ਗਵਾਂਢ (Gurmukhi)
ਗੁਆਂਢ (Gurmukhi)
گُوَانڈھ (direct singular)
گُوَانڈھ (direct plural)
گُوَانڈھ (oblique singular)
گُوَانڈھاں (oblique plural)
گُوَانڈھا (singular vocative)
گُوَانڈھو (plural vocative)
گُوَانڈھوں (ablative singular)
گُوَانڈھاں (ablative plural)
گُوَانڈھے (locative singular)
گُوَانڈھِیں (locative plural)
گُوَانڈھوں (instrumental singular)

/ɡə.ʋä̃ː˦ɳɖə̆/

/ɡʊ.ʋä̃ː˦ɳɖə̆/

/ɡʊ.ä̃ː˦ɳɖə̆/

گ‧واݨڈھ گُو‧آݨڈھ

Inherited from Prakrit [script needed] (gāmaddha), from Sanskrit ग्रामार्ध (grāmārdha, “vicinity of village”), compound of ग्राम (grā́ma, “village”) + अर्ध (árdha, “half; side; place”). Compare Saraiki گَوان٘ڈھ / گَواڈھ and Marathi गांवधें (gāuvdhẽ).

cog

Saraiki گَوان٘ڈھ

جے برادری نہ ہووے تاں گلی محلّے یا اَڈّ گوانڈھ چوں لوکی واری واری روٹی پکاؤندے نیں تے کَوڑا وَٹّا دیندے نیں۔

1977, تَنْوِیر بُخاری [tanvīr buxārī], پنجاب ميں پيدائش اور موت كى رسميں [The customs on the occasions of birth and death in Punjab], →OCLC, page 110:

If [such] one does not relate to any community (clan), then the [people residing in the] street or area or the neighbourhood take it in turn to bake and offer food in condolence.

neighbourhood (covering the immediate vicinity)


ਕੁਲ

line, lineage, descent, ancestry, pedigree


ਸਮੂਹ

pa-noun

ਸਮੂਹ • (samūh) m (Shahmukhi spelling سموه)


قافلہ

قافِلَہ or قافْلَہ • (qāfilah or qāflah) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਕ਼ਾਫ਼ਲਾ or ਕਾਫ਼ਲਾ)

قافِلَہ (canonical)
قافْلَہ (canonical)
qāfilah (romanization)
qāflah (romanization)
ਕ਼ਾਫ਼ਲਾ (Gurmukhi)
ਕਾਫ਼ਲਾ (Gurmukhi)
قافِلَہ (direct singular)
قافِلے (direct plural)
قافِلے (oblique singular)
قافِلیاں (oblique plural)
قافِلیا (singular vocative)
قافِلیوْ (plural vocative)
قافِلیوْں (ablative singular)
قافِلے (locative singular)
قافِلِیْں (locative plural)
قافِلے (instrumental singular)
قافِلِیْں (instrumental plural)

Etymology tree
Arabic قَافِلَة (qāfila)bor.
Classical Persian قَافِلَه (qāfila)bor.
Punjabi قَافِلَہ (qāfilah)Borrowed from Classical Persian قَافِلَه (qāfila), borrowed from Arabic قَافِلَة (qāfila).

etymon

قَافِلَہ


ਬਰਾਦਰੀ

pa-noun

ਬਰਾਦਰੀ • (barādrī) f (Shahmukhi spelling برادری)

barādrī (romanization)
برادری (Shahmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian برادری (birādarī). Compare Hindi बिरादरी (birādrī).


ਤਰਫ਼ੈਨ

pa-noun

ਤਰਫ਼ੈਨ • (tarfain) m pl (Shahmukhi spelling طَرَفَيْن)

tarfain (romanization)
طَرَفَيْن (Shahmukhi)

Borrowed from Arabic طَرَفَيْن (ṭarafayn), dual of طَرَف (ṭaraf, “side”).

bor+

The sides or parties to a case, dispute, or contest; contenders, contesters.


ਫ਼ੌਜ

pa-noun

ਫ਼ੌਜ • (fauj) f (Shahmukhi spelling فوج)

Borrowed from Classical Persian فوج (fawj), from Arabic فَوْج (fawj), from Middle Persian [script needed] (pdk' /payg/). Compare Hindi फ़ौज (fauj).


ਇਨਸਾਨੀਅਤ

pa-noun

ਇਨਸਾਨੀਅਤ • (insānīat) f (Shahmukhi spelling انسانیت)

insānīat (romanization)
انسانیت (Shahmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian انسانیت (insâniyyat), from Arabic إِنْسَانِيَّة (ʔinsāniyya). Compare Hindi इनसानियत (insāniyat).

der

إِنْسَانِيَّة


ਭੀੜ ਭਾੜ

pa-noun

ਭੀੜ ਭਾੜ • (bhīṛ bhāṛ) f


ਕੁਸੰਗ

ਕੁ- (ku-, “bad, wrong”) + ਸੰਗ (saṅg, “company”).


ਕਾਰਵਾਂ

pa-noun

ਕਾਰਵਾਂ • (kārvā̃) m (Shahmukhi spelling کاروان)

kārvā̃ (romanization)
کاروان (Shahmukhi)


ਕਾਫ਼ਲਾ

ਕਾਫ਼ਲਾ • (kāflā) m (Shahmukhi spelling قافلہ)

Borrowed from Classical Persian قافله (qâfila), from Arabic قَافِلَة (qāfila).


جنج

pa-noun

جَن٘ج • (jaṉj) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਜੰਜ or ਜੰਞ)

جَن٘ج (canonical)
jaṉj (romanization)
ਜੰਜ (Gurmukhi)
ਜੰਞ (Gurmukhi)
جَن٘ج (direct singular)
جَن٘جاں (direct plural)
جَن٘ج (oblique singular)
جَن٘جاں (oblique plural)
جَن٘جے (singular vocative)
جَن٘جو (plural vocative)
جَن٘جوں (ablative singular)
جَن٘جاں (ablative plural)
جَن٘جی (locative singular)
جَن٘جِیں (locative plural)
جَن٘جِیں (instrumental singular)
جَن٘جے (instrumental plural)

/d͡ʒəɲ.d͡ʒə̆/

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (jaṇṇā), from Sanskrit जन्य (jánya). Cognate with Saraiki جَنڄ (janǰ), Sindhi ڄَڃَ (ǰaña) and Gujarati જાન (jān). Doublet of جِنَس (jinas).

baraat (a wedding procession by the bridegroom's side)


ٹبر

ٹَبَّر • (ṭabbar) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਟੱਬਰ)

ٹَبَّر (canonical)
ṭabbar (romanization)
ਟੱਬਰ (Gurmukhi)
ٹَبَّر (direct singular)
ٹَبَّر (direct plural)
ٹَبَّر (oblique singular)
ٹَبَّراں (oblique plural)
ٹَبَّرا (singular vocative)
ٹَبَّرو (plural vocative)
ٹَبَّروں (ablative singular)
ٹَبَّراں (ablative plural)
ٹَبَّرے (locative singular)
ٹَبَّرِیں (locative plural)
ٹَبَّروں (instrumental singular)

Inherited from Prakrit *𑀝𑀩𑁆𑀩𑀭 (*ṭabbara, “boy”). Cognate with Urdu ٹابَر (ṭābar) / Hindi टाबर (ṭābar).


مائیاں

pa-noun

مائِیاں • (māiyā̃) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਮਾਈਆਂ)

مائِیاں (canonical)
māiyā̃ (romanization)
ਮਾਈਆਂ (Gurmukhi)

(Marriage) a Punjabi wedding ceremony or function carried out before nuptials.


پیکا

پیکا • (pekā) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਪੇਕਾ)

pekā (romanization)
ਪੇਕਾ (Gurmukhi)
پیکا (direct singular)
پیکے (direct plural)
پیکے (oblique singular)
پیکیْاں (oblique plural)
پیکیْا (singular vocative)
پیکیو (plural vocative)
پیکیوں (ablative singular)
پیکیْاں (ablative plural)
پیکِیں (locative plural)
پیکے (instrumental singular)


واہر

واہَر • (vāhar) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਵਾਰ੍ਹ)

واہَر (canonical)
vāhar (romanization)
ਵਾਰ੍ਹ (Gurmukhi)
واہَر (direct singular)
واہَراں (direct plural)
واہَر (oblique singular)
واہَراں (oblique plural)
واہَرے (singular vocative)
واہَرو (plural vocative)
واہَروں (ablative singular)
واہَراں (ablative plural)
واہَری (locative singular)
واہَرِیں (locative plural)
واہَرِیں (instrumental singular)
واہَرے (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Sanskrit व्याहार (vyāhāra).


سانجھ

pa-noun

سان٘جھ • (sāṉjh) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਾਂਝ)

سان٘جھ (canonical)
sāṉjh (romanization)
ਸਾਂਝ (Gurmukhi)
سان٘جھ (direct singular)
سان٘جھاں (direct plural)
سان٘جھ (oblique singular)
سان٘جھاں (oblique plural)
سان٘جھے (singular vocative)
سان٘جھو (plural vocative)
سان٘جھوں (ablative singular)
سان٘جھاں (ablative plural)
سان٘جھی (locative singular)
سان٘جھِیں (locative plural)
سان٘جھِیں (instrumental singular)
سان٘جھے (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀚𑁆𑀚 (sāhajja, “help”), from Sanskrit साहाय्य (sāhāyya, “help”).

inh+

/sä̃ː˦ɲ.d͡ʒᵊ/


سانجھ

/sä̃ː˦ɲ.d͡ʒᵊ/

سَن٘جھ سنجھ#Punjabi

Alternative form of سَن٘جھ (saṉjh, “evening”)


گوت

got (romanization)
ਗੋਤ (Gurmukhi)
گوت (direct singular)
گوتاں (direct plural)
گوت (oblique singular)
گوتاں (oblique plural)
گوتے (singular vocative)
گوتو (plural vocative)
گوتوں (ablative singular)
گوتاں (ablative plural)
گوتی (locative singular)
گوتِیں (locative plural)
گوتِیں (instrumental singular)
گوتے (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀕𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢 (gŏtta), from Sanskrit गोत्र (gōtrá).


میکا

pa-noun

میکا • (mekā) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਮੇਕਾ)

mekā (romanization)
ਮੇਕਾ (Gurmukhi)
میْکا (direct singular)
میْکے (direct plural)
میْکے (oblique singular)
میْکیْاں (oblique plural)
میْکیْا (singular vocative)
میْکیو (plural vocative)
میْکیوں (ablative singular)
میْکیْاں (ablative plural)
میْکِیں (locative plural)
میْکے (instrumental singular)


ਪੇਕਾ

ਪੇਕਾ • (pekā) m (Shahmukhi spelling پیکا)

pekā (romanization)
پیکا (Shahmukhi)
ਪੇਕਾ (direct singular)
ਪੇਕੇ (direct plural)
ਪੇਕੇ (oblique singular)
ਪੇਕਿਆਂ (oblique plural)
ਪੇਕਿਆ (singular vocative)
ਪੇਕਿਓ (plural vocative)
ਪੇਕਿਓਂ (ablative singular)
ਪੇਕੇ (locative singular)
ਪੇਕੇ (instrumental singular)


ਗੋਤ

got (romanization)
گوت (Shahmukhi)
ਗੋਤ (direct singular)
ਗੋਤਾਂ (direct plural)
ਗੋਤ (oblique singular)
ਗੋਤਾਂ (oblique plural)
ਗੋਤੇ (singular vocative)
ਗੋਤੋ (plural vocative)
ਗੋਤੋਂ (ablative singular)
ਗੋਤਿਆੰ (ablative plural)
ਗੋਤੇ (locative singular)
ਗੋਤੀਂ (locative plural)
ਗੋਤੇ (instrumental singular)
ਗੋਤੀਂ (instrumental plural)

lineage, lineage, pedigree, caste, tribe, family