مصر

pa-proper noun

مِصَر • (miṣar) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਮਿਸਰ)

مِصَر (canonical)
miṣar (romanization)
ਮਿਸਰ (Gurmukhi)

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


ਹਿੰਦ

ਹਿੰਦ • (hind) m (Shahmukhi spelling ہند)

hind (romanization)
ہند (Shahmukhi)
ਹਿੰਦ (direct singular)
ਹਿੰਦ (direct plural)
ਹਿੰਦ (oblique singular)
ਹਿੰਦਾਂ (oblique plural)
ਹਿੰਦਾ (singular vocative)
ਹਿੰਦੋ (plural vocative)
ਹਿੰਦੋਂ (ablative singular)
ਹਿੰਦੇ (locative singular)
ਹਿੰਦੀਂ (locative plural)
ਹਿੰਦੇ (instrumental singular)
ਹਿੰਦੀਂ (instrumental plural)

Borrowed from Classical Persian هند (hind); see there for more.


ਭਾਰਤ

pa-proper noun

ਭਾਰਤ • (bhārat) m (Shahmukhi spelling بھارت)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit भारत (bhārata).


ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ

pa-proper noun

ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ • (sãyukat rāj amrīkā) ?

United States of America
United States of America#English

United States of America (a country in North America)


یونان

یُونان • (yūnān) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਯੂਨਾਨ)

یُونان (canonical)
yūnān (romanization)
ਯੂਨਾਨ (Gurmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian یُونَان (yūnān).

bor+

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


چینی

pa-noun

چِینِی • (cīnī) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਚੀਨੀ)

چِینِی (canonical)
cīnī (romanization)
ਚੀਨੀ (Gurmukhi)


پاکستان

pa-proper noun

پاکستان • (pākistān) ? (Gurmukhi spelling ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ)

pākistān (romanization)
ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ (Gurmukhi)


زمین

pa-noun

زَمِین • (zamīn) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਜ਼ਮੀਨ)

زَمِین (canonical)
zamīn (romanization)
ਜ਼ਮੀਨ (Gurmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian زمین (zamīn). Compare Urdu زمین.


مراکش

pa-proper noun

مَراکَش • (marākaś) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਮਰਾਕਿਸ਼)

مَراکَش (canonical)
marākaś (romanization)
ਮਰਾਕਿਸ਼ (Gurmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian مَرَاکِش (marākiš), from Arabic مُرّاكُش (murrākuš).


عمان

pa-proper noun

عُمان • (ʻumān) ? (Gurmukhi spelling ਉਮਾਨ)

عُمان (canonical)
ʻumān (romanization)
ਉਮਾਨ (Gurmukhi)

Oman (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


آسٹریلیا

آسْٹْریلِیا • (āsṭrelīyā) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਆਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ)

آسْٹْریلِیا (canonical)
āsṭrelīyā (romanization)
ਆਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ (Gurmukhi)

Borrowed from English Australia, from Latin terra austrālis incōgnita (“unknown southern land”), from Latin auster (“the south wind”).

der

Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as a former colony in the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


شام

pa-proper noun

شام • (śām) m

Borrowed from Classical Persian شام (šām, “Greater Syria; Levant”), from Arabic الشَّام (aš-šām, “Levant; Damascus”).

der

Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)

(by extension) Greater Syria, the Levant (a region of Western Asia, in the Middle East)


ਮੁੰਬਈ

Mumbai (a megacity, the capital of Maharashtra, India)


کرناٹک

pa-proper noun

کرناٹک • (karnāṭaka) ? (Gurmukhi spelling ਕਰਨਾਟਕ)

karnāṭaka (romanization)
ਕਰਨਾਟਕ (Gurmukhi)


ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ

ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ • (pākistān) m (Shahmukhi spelling پاکستان)

pākistān (romanization)
پاکستان (Shahmukhi)

From ਪਾਕ (pāk, “pure, holy, immaculate, chaste, undefiled”) + -ਇਸਤਾਨ (-istān, “-istan”), which derive from Classical Persian. The word was coined by Choudhary Rahmat Ali, who published it in the pamphlet Now or Never issued on January 28, 1933, as an acronym of the names of the "Muslim homelands" of western India—Punjab, Afghania, Kashmir, Sindh, and Balochistan. An i was later added to the name to ease pronunciation.

suf

ਪਾਕ<t:pure, holy, immaculate, chaste, undefiled>


ਨਦੀ

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit नदी (nadī). Doublet of native ਨੈਂ (naĩ).


ਦਰਿਆ

pa-noun

ਦਰਿਆ • (dariā) m (Shahmukhi spelling دریا)

Borrowed from Classical Persian دریا (daryā). Compare Hindi दर्या (daryā).


ਬ੍ਰਹਮਦੇਸ਼

pa-proper noun

ਬ੍ਰਹਮਦੇਸ਼ • (brhamadeś) m (Shahmukhi spelling برہمدیش)

brhamadeś (romanization)
برہمدیش (Shahmukhi)

ਬਰਮਾ ਬਰਮਾ#Punjabi

Alternative form of ਬਰਮਾ (barmā): Myanmar, Burma (a country in Southeast Asia)


ਓਹਾਇਓ

ਓਹਾਇਓ • (ohāio) f (Shahmukhi spelling اوہائیو)

ohāio (romanization)
اوہائیو (Shahmukhi)


اوہائیو

اوہائیو • (ohāeo) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਓਹਾਇਓ)


ਟਾਪੂ

pa-noun

ਟਾਪੂ • (ṭāpū) m (Shahmukhi spelling ٹاپو)


ਸਮੁੰਦਰ

ਸਮੁੰਦਰ • (samundar) m (Shahmukhi spelling سمندر)

samundar (romanization)
سمندر (Shahmukhi)


ਦਿੱਲੀ

pa-proper noun

ਦਿੱਲੀ • (dillī) f (Shahmukhi spelling دِلّی)

ਦਿੱਲੀ ਦਾ ਨਖ਼ਰਾ ਆ
ਸਟਾਇਲ ਉਹਦਾ ਵੱਖਰਾ ਆ
ਬੰਬਈ ਦੀ ਗਰਮੀ ਵਾਂਗ
ਨੇਚਰ ਉਹਦਾ ਅੱਥਰਾ ਆ

2017, “Lahore (song)”, Guru Randhawa (lyrics), Guru Randhawa, Vee Music (music), performed by Guru Randhawa:

[She] has the mannerisms of [a] Delhi [girl]
Her style is different
Like the heat of Bombay
Her nature is unpredictable

dillī dā naxrā ā
saṭāil uhdā vakkhrā ā
bambaī dī garmī vāṅg
necar uhdā atthrā ā

Delhi (a megacity and union territory of India, containing the national capital New Delhi)


ਰੂਸ

Borrowed from Classical Persian روس (rūs).

bor+

Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


ਜੇਹਲਮ

pa-proper noun

ਜੇਹਲਮ • (jehlam) m (Shahmukhi spelling جہلم)

ਪੰਜ ਦਰਿਆ ਇਸ ਦੇਸ਼ ਦੇ, ਤਾਹੀਉਂ ਕਹਿਣ ਪੰਜਾਬ. ਰਾਵੀ, ਸਤਲੁਜ, ਬਿਆਸ ਜੀ, ਜਿਹਲਮ ਅਤੇ ਚਨਾਬ.
pañj dariā isa deś de, tāhīũ kahiṇ pañjāba. rāvī, satluja, biāsa jī, jihlam ate canāba.

Babu Rajab Ali, Anokha Rajab Ali compiled by Dr. Atam Hamrahi page 101

Five rivers of this region, reason it is called Punjab. Ravi, Satluj, Bias, Jhelum and Chenab.

Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir#English

Jhelum (a river in Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir)


ਰਾਵੀ

ਰਾਵੀ • (rāvī) f (Shahmukhi spelling راوی)

Babu Rajab Ali, Anokha Rajab Ali compiled by Dr. Atam Hamrahi page 101
ਪੰਜ ਦਰਿਆ ਇਸ ਦੇਸ਼ ਦੇ, ਤਾਹੀਉਂ ਕਹਿਣ ਪੰਜਾਬ. ਰਾਵੀ, ਸਤਲੁਜ, ਬਿਆਸ ਜੀ, ਜਿਹਲਮ ਅਤੇ ਚਨਾਬ.
pañj dariā isa deś de, tāhīũ kahiṇ pañjāba. rāvī, satluja, biāsa jī, jihlam ate canāba.
Five rivers of this region, reason it is called Punjab. Ravi, Satluj, Bias, Jhelum and Chenab.

Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh#English

A river of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh in India and Punjab in Pakistan


ਸਤਲੁਜ

ਸਤਲੁਜ • (satluj) m (Shahmukhi spelling ستلج)

A river in Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Tibet


ਬਿਆਸ

ਬਿਆਸ • (biāsa) m (Shahmukhi spelling بیاس)

Beas (A river of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh)


ਚਨਾਬ

ਚਨਾਬ • (canāb) m (Shahmukhi spelling چناب)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *(s)čandrás
Sanskrit चन्द्र (candra)
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰāgás
Sanskrit भाग (bhāga)
Sanskrit चन्द्रभागा (candrabhāgā)bor.
Classical Persian چَنَاب (čanāb)bor.
Punjabi ਚਨਾਬ (canāb)
Borrowed from Classical Persian چَنَاب (čanāb), borrowed from Sanskrit चन्द्रभागा (candrabhāgā), from चन्द्र (candra) + भाग (bhāga).

etymon

ਪੰਜ ਦਰਿਆ ਇਸ ਦੇਸ਼ ਦੇ, ਤਾਹੀਉਂ ਕਹਿਣ ਪੰਜਾਬ. ਰਾਵੀ, ਸਤਲੁਜ, ਬਿਆਸ ਜੀ, ਜਿਹਲਮ ਅਤੇ ਚਨਾਬ.
pañj dariā isa deś de, tāhīũ kahiṇ pañjāba. rāvī, satluja, biāsa jī, jihlam ate canāb.

A river in Punjab, Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh


ਕੈਨੇਡਾ

pa-proper noun

ਕੈਨੇਡਾ • (kaineḍā) m (Shahmukhi spelling کینیڈا)

kaineḍā (romanization)
کینیڈا (Shahmukhi)

Borrowed from English Canada, from the Laurentian kanata (“village, settlement”).


ਆਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ

pa-proper noun

ਆਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ • (āsaṭrelīā) m (Shahmukhi spelling آسٹریلیا)

āsaṭrelīā (romanization)
آسٹریلیا (Shahmukhi)

der

Latin terra austrālis incōgnita (“unknown southern land”)

pa:ਆਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ


ਮਿਆਂਮਾਰ

pa-proper noun

ਮਿਆਂਮਾਰ • (miāmmār) m (Shahmukhi spelling میانمار)

miāmmār (romanization)
میانمار (Shahmukhi)

Borrowed from Burmese မြန်မာ (mranma), the formal Burmese name of the main ethnic group in Myanmar; ဗမာ (ba.ma), from which Burma is derived, is the informal name. Both Burmese terms are also adjectives meaning "Burmese" (related to Myanmar/Burma, its, people, language, etc). When certain words are attached, the combination may mean specifically Myanmar (Burma) (country) or Burmese (person, language, etc.) - a noun.


ਬਰਮਾ

ਬਰਮਾ • (barmā) m (Shahmukhi spelling برما)

Borrowed from Burmese ဗမာ (ba.ma), colloquial form of မြန်မာ (mranma); see Myanmar for more.


ਮਲੇਸ਼ੀਆ

ਮਲੇਸ਼ੀਆ • (maleśīā) m (Shahmukhi spelling ملیشیا)

maleśīā (romanization)
ملیشیا (Shahmukhi)


ਚੀਨ

cīn (romanization)
چین (Shahmukhi)
ਚੀਨ (direct singular)
ਚੀਨ (direct plural)
ਚੀਨ (oblique singular)
ਚੀਨਾਂ (oblique plural)
ਚੀਨਾ (singular vocative)
ਚੀਨੋ (plural vocative)
ਚੀਨੋਂ (ablative singular)
ਚੀਨੇ (locative singular)
ਚੀਨੀਂ (locative plural)
ਚੀਨੇ (instrumental singular)
ਚੀਨੀਂ (instrumental plural)


ਇਰਾਨ

ਇਰਾਨ • (irān) m (Shahmukhi spelling ایران)

From Persian ایران ('îrân), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (ʾērān, “of the Aryans”). See ērān for word formation, further etymology and cognates.

der

Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


ਇਟਲੀ

pa-proper noun

ਇਟਲੀ • (iṭalī) f (Shahmukhi spelling اٹلی)


ਮੈਕਸੀਕੋ

ਮੈਕਸੀਕੋ • (maiksīko) m (Shahmukhi spelling میکسیکو)

maiksīko (romanization)
میکسیکو (Shahmukhi)

Borrowed from Spanish México, from Classical Nahuatl Mēxihco, a place-name referring to the Mēxihcah (Mexica/Aztecs).


ਅਫ਼ਗ਼ਾਨਿਸਤਾਨ

ਅਫ਼ਗ਼ਾਨਿਸਤਾਨ • (afġānistān) m (Shahmukhi spelling افغانستان)

afġānistān (romanization)
افغانستان (Shahmukhi)

/əfˈɣänˑɪˌst̪äːn/

From Classical Persian افغانستان (afğānistān).

bor

Afghanistan (A landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia)

pa:ਅਫ਼ਗ਼ਾਨਿਸਤਾਨ


ਜਰਮਨੀ

pa-proper noun

ਜਰਮਨੀ • (jarmanī) f (Shahmukhi spelling جرمنی)

jarmanī (romanization)
جرمنی (Shahmukhi)

From Middle English Germanie, from Old English Germania, from Latin Germānia (“land of the Germans”), from Germānī, a people living around and east of the Rhine first attested in the 1st century B.C.E. works of Julius Caesar and of uncertain etymology.

nowrap

1st century <small class='ce-date'>B.C.E.</small>

Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


ਜਰਮਨੀ

pa-adj

ਜਰਮਨੀ • (jarmanī) (Shahmukhi spelling جرمنی)

ਜਰਮਨ ਜਰਮਨ#Punjabi

Alternative form of ਜਰਮਨ (jarman): Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


ਬੰਗਲਾਦੇਸ਼

pa-proper noun

ਬੰਗਲਾਦੇਸ਼ • (baṅglādeś) m (Shahmukhi spelling بنگلہ دیش)

baṅglādeś (romanization)
بنگلہ دیش (Shahmukhi)

Bengali বাংলাদেশ (baṅladeś), from বাংলা (baṅla, “Bengali”) + দেশ (deś, “country”).

pa:ਬੰਗਲਾਦੇਸ਼


کینیڈا

کَینیڈا • (kaineḍā) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਕੈਨੇਡਾ)

کَینیڈا (canonical)
kaineḍā (romanization)
ਕੈਨੇਡਾ (Gurmukhi)

/kɛː.neː.ɖːäː/

/kɛː.nə.ɖːäː/


لداخ

لَدّاخ • (laddāx) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਲੱਦਾਖ਼)

لَدّاخ (canonical)
laddāx (romanization)
ਲੱਦਾਖ਼ (Gurmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian لداخ (ladāx), from Tibetan ལ་དྭགས (la dwags).

bor+

Ladakh (a union territory of India), disputed between China and Pakistan.


ਖਾੜੀ

pa-noun

ਖਾੜੀ • (khāṛī) f (Shahmukhi spelling کھاڑی)

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀔𑀸𑀟 (*khāḍa). Cognate with Hindi खाड़ी (khāṛī), Gujarati ખાડી (khāḍī), Bengali খাঁড়ি (khãṛi).


بیاس

pa-proper noun

بیاس • (beyās) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਬਿਆਸ)

Beas (A river of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab in northern India, rising in the Himalayas and emptying into the Sutlej).


مانچسٹر

مانْچَسْٹَر • (māncasṭar) m

مانْچَسْٹَر (canonical)
māncasṭar (romanization)

/mä̃ː(n).t͡ʃəs̪.ʈəɾᵊ/

لندن توں مانچسٹر جاݨا ہووے تے ریل گڈی ڈھائی گھنٹے لاندی اے۔

1998, فارق ندیم [Farūq Nadīm], پہلے پیار دا پہلا بھلیکھا [Pahle piyār dā pahlā bhulekhā], Lahore: PILAC – Institute of Punjab Language and Culture, →OCLC, page 271:

If one went from London to Manchester, the train would take two and a half hours.


پیرس

پَیْرَس • (pairas) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਪੈਰਸ)

پَیْرَس (canonical)
pairas (romanization)
ਪੈਰਸ (Gurmukhi)

Borrowed from Urdu پَیرِس (pairis), from English Paris.

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


ਜ਼ਮੀਨ

pa-noun

ਜ਼ਮੀਨ • (zamīn) f (Shahmukhi spelling زمین)

Borrowed from Classical Persian زمین (zamīn). Compare Hindi ज़मीन (zamīn).


آسٹریا

pa-noun

آسْٹَرِیا • (āsṭriyā) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਆਸਟਰੀਆ)

آسْٹَرِیا (canonical)
āsṭriyā (romanization)
ਆਸਟਰੀਆ (Gurmukhi)

اَسْٹَرِیا اسٹریا#Punjabi

Alternative form of اَسْٹَرِیا (asṭarīyā): Austria (a country in Central Europe)


سعودی عرب

سَعوْدی عَرَب

سَعوْدی عَرَب • (saʻodī ʻarab) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਾਊਦੀ ਅਰਬ)

سَعوْدی عَرَب (canonical)
saʻodī ʻarab (romanization)
ਸਾਊਦੀ ਅਰਬ (Gurmukhi)

/sɔʊ̯.d̪iː‿ə.ɾəbᵊ/

Saudi Arabia (a country in the Middle East)


نیپال

pa-proper noun

نیپال • (nepāl) m

Nepal (a country in South Asia, located between China and India)


ਯੂਕਰੇਨ

ਯੂਕਰੇਨ • (yūkren) m (Shahmukhi spelling یوکرین)

yūkren (romanization)
یوکرین (Shahmukhi)
ਯੂਕਰੇਨ (direct singular)
ਯੂਕਰੇਨ (direct plural)
ਯੂਕਰੇਨ (oblique singular)
ਯੂਕਰੇਨਾਂ (oblique plural)
ਯੂਕਰੇਨਾ (singular vocative)
ਯੂਕਰੇਨੋ (plural vocative)
ਯੂਕਰੇਨੋਂ (ablative singular)
ਯੂਕਰੇਨੇ (locative singular)
ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਂ (locative plural)
ਯੂਕਰੇਨੇ (instrumental singular)
ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਂ (instrumental plural)


ਮਰਾਕਿਸ਼

ਮਰਾਕਿਸ਼ • (marākiś) m (Shahmukhi spelling مراکش)

marākiś (romanization)
مراکش (Shahmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian مراکش (marākiš), from Arabic مُرّاكُش (murrākuš), ultimately from Berber ⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴰⴽⵓⵛ (amur n akuc, literally “Land of God”).


ਮਿਸਰ

pa-proper noun

ਮਿਸਰ • (misar) f (Shahmukhi spelling مِصْر)

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


چناب

چَناب • (canāb) ? (Gurmukhi spelling ਚਨਾਬ)

چَناب (canonical)
canāb (romanization)
ਚਨਾਬ (Gurmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian چَنَاب (čanāb), borrowed from Sanskrit चन्द्रभागा (candrabhāgā), from चन्द्र (candra) + भाग (bhāga).


جرمن

pa-proper noun

جَرْمَن • (jarman) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਜਰਮਨ)

جَرْمَن (canonical)
jarman (romanization)
ਜਰਮਨ (Gurmukhi)

/d͡ʒəɾə̆.mənə̆/


راوی

راوی • (rāvī) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਰਾਵੀ)

→ Urdu: راوی (rāvī)

Inherited from Sanskrit इरावती (irāvatī).

inh+

Ravi (a river in Punjab, Pakistan and the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir and the state of Himachal Pradesh in India).


ਟੈਕਸਸ

pa-proper noun

ਟੈਕਸਸ • (ṭaiksas) m (Shahmukhi spelling ٹیکسس)

ṭaiksas (romanization)
ٹیکسس (Shahmukhi)
ਟੈਕਸਸ (direct singular)
ਟੈਕਸਸ (direct plural)
ਟੈਕਸਸ (oblique singular)
ਟੈਕਸਸਾਂ (oblique plural)
ਟੈਕਸਸਾ (singular vocative)
ਟੈਕਸਸੋ (plural vocative)
ਟੈਕਸਸੋਂ (ablative singular)
ਟੈਕਸਸੇ (locative singular)
ਟੈਕਸਸੀਂ (locative plural)
ਟੈਕਸਸੇ (instrumental singular)
ਟੈਕਸਸੀਂ (instrumental plural)

ਉਹ ਟੈਕਸਾਸ ਤੋਂ ਹੈ।


ਤੁਰਕੀ

ਤੁਰਕੀ • (turkī) m (Shahmukhi spelling ترکی)

turkī (romanization)
ترکی (Shahmukhi)
ਤੁਰਕੀ (direct singular)
ਤੁਰਕੀ (direct plural)
ਤੁਰਕੀ (oblique singular)
ਤੁਰਕੀਆਂ (oblique plural)
ਤੁਰਕੀਆ (singular vocative)
ਤੁਰਕੀਓ (plural vocative)

Phono-semantic matching of English Turkey.

phono-semantic matching

Turkey (a country located in eastern Thrace in southeastern Europe and Anatolia in southwestern Asia)

ਲੀਖਟਨਸ਼ਟਾਈ

līkhṭanaśṭāī


جھناں

pa-proper noun

جَھناں • (jhanāṉ) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਝਨਾਂ or ਚਨਾਬ)

جَھناں (canonical)
jhanāṉ (romanization)
ਝਨਾਂ (Gurmukhi)
ਚਨਾਬ (Gurmukhi)

/ˈt͡ʃə˨.nä̃ː˦/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *(s)čandrás
Sanskrit चन्द्र (candra)
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰāgás
Sanskrit भाग (bhāga)
Sanskrit चन्द्रभागा (candrabhāgā)
Prakrit 𑀘𑀁𑀤𑀪𑀸𑀕𑀸 (caṃdabhāgā)
Punjabi جَھناں (jhanāṉ)
From Prakrit 𑀘𑀁𑀤𑀪𑀸𑀕𑀸 (caṃdabhāgā), from Sanskrit चन्द्रभागा (candrabhāgā), from चन्द्र (candra) + भाग (bhāga). Compare Saraiki چَنان٘ہہ (canāṉh) and Hindustani چَنَاب (canāb) / चनाब (canāb).

etymon

جَھناں

وگے لہراں لیندا راوی ٹھاٹھاں مارے جھناں

a. 1973, فقیر محمّد فقیر [fqer mḥmmd fqer, Faqir Muhammad Faqir], میرا دیس امیر [merā des amīr], quoted in لعلاں دی پنڈ [Laʻlān dī pinḍ], Lahore: Aziz Depot, archived from the original on 2023-03-29, page 375:

تے جھناں دا پانی ایڈا چڑھیا ہوندا اے کہ پاراوار کجھ نظر نہیں آؤندا

2001, شبنم اسحاق [Shabnam Isḥāq], سوہنی مہینوال [Sohṇī Mahīnvāl], Lahore: حیدر پبلیکیشنز [ḥedr pblekīśnz, Haider Publications], →OCLC, page 135:

And the Chenab waters rise so much, that nothing beyond the limit can be visible

تاریخ دے کسے موڑ اُتے راوی تے جھناں دے وِچکار لے علاقے وِچ

2005, میر تنہا یوسفی [Mīr Tanhā Yūsufī], کالا چانن [Kālā cānaṇ], Lahore: Institute of Punjabi Language and Culture, →OCLC, page 25:

At some point in history, the areas between Ravi and Chenab

Chenab (a river in Punjab, Pakistan and the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir and the state of Himachal Pradesh in India).


اسٹریا

pa-noun

اَسْٹَرِیا • (asṭarīyā) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਅਸਟਰੀਆ)

اَسْٹَرِیا (canonical)
asṭarīyā (romanization)
ਅਸਟਰੀਆ (Gurmukhi)

اَسْ‧ٹَ‧رِ‧یا

(Pakistan) Austria (a country in Central Europe)


ਛੱਤੀਸਗੜ੍ਹ

pa-proper noun

ਛੱਤੀਸਗੜ੍ਹ • (chattīsgaṛh) ? (Shahmukhi spelling چھتیس گڑھ)

chattīsgaṛh (romanization)
چھتیس گڑھ (Shahmukhi)

/t͡ʃʰət̪.t̪iː.sə.ɡə.ɽʱə/

[t͡ʃʰət̪.t̪iː.sə̆.ɡə.ɽʱə̆]

Pa-ਛੱਤੀਸਗੜ੍ਹ.oga

ਛੱ‧ਤੀ‧ਸ‧ਗ‧ੜ੍ਹ


ਆਂਧਰਾ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼

آندھَرَ پرَدیشَ

ਆਂਧਰਾ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ • (Āndharā pradēśa) m (Shahmukhi spelling آندھَرَ پرَدیشَ)

Āndharā pradēśa (romanization)
آندھَرَ پرَدیشَ (Shahmukhi)

[äːn˦.t̪ə̆.ɾäː‿prə˦.deː.ʃə̆]

Borrowed from Hindi आंध्र प्रदेश (āndhra pradeś)

bor

आंध्र प्रदेश


ਅਰੁਣਾਚਲ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼

pa-proper noun

اَرُݨَاچَل پرَدیش

ਅਰੁਣਾਚਲ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ • (aruṇācal pradeś) ? (Shahmukhi spelling اَرُݨَاچَل پرَدیش)

aruṇācal pradeś (romanization)
اَرُݨَاچَل پرَدیش (Shahmukhi)

[ə.ɾu.ɳäː.t͡ʃəl‿pɾə.deːʃ]

ਅ‧ਰੁ‧ਣਾ‧ਚਲ‧ਪ੍ਰ‧ਦੇਸ਼

Borrowed from Hindi अरुणाचल प्रदेश (aruṇācal pradeś)

bor

अरुणाचल प्रदेश

Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh#English


ਅਸਾਮ

pa-proper noun

ਅਸਾਮ • (asām) ? (Shahmukhi spelling اَسَام)


ਬਿਹਾਰ

ਬਿਹਾਰ • (bihār) ? (Shahmukhi spelling بِحَارَ)

bihār (romanization)
بِحَارَ (Shahmukhi)

[bi.ɦäː.ɾə̆]


ਝਨਾਂ

ਝਨਾਂ • (jhanā̃) m (Shahmukhi spelling جَھناں)

jhanā̃ (romanization)
جَھناں (Shahmukhi)

/ˈt͡ʃə˨.nä̃ː˦/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *(s)čandrás
Sanskrit चन्द्र (candra)
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰāgás
Sanskrit भाग (bhāga)
Sanskrit चन्द्रभागा (candrabhāgā)
Prakrit 𑀘𑀁𑀤𑀪𑀸𑀕𑀸 (caṃdabhāgā)
Punjabi ਝਨਾਂ (jhanā̃)
From Prakrit 𑀘𑀁𑀤𑀪𑀸𑀕𑀸 (caṃdabhāgā), from Sanskrit चन्द्रभागा (candrabhāgā), from चन्द्र (candra) + भाग (bhāga).

etymon

Chenab (A river of Punjab in India and Pakistan)


ਸਿੰਧ

pa-proper noun

ਸਿੰਧ • (sindh) m (Shahmukhi spelling سندھ)


ਕੋਹਸਤਾਨ

pa-noun

ਕੋਹਸਤਾਨ • (kohastān) m (Shahmukhi spelling کوهستان)

kohastān (romanization)
کوهستان (Shahmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian کوهستان (kōhistān).


ਪਹਾੜ

pa-noun

ਪਹਾੜ • (pahāṛ) m (Shahmukhi spelling پہاڑ)


ਕੋਹ

Inherited from Sanskrit क्रोश (króśa), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *krawć- (“to cry, to call out”), as it was considered to be the distance over which a human voice could be heard.

der

coss (a unit of measurement equivalent to about 2.4 km)


ਜਰਮਨ

pa-proper noun

ਜਰਮਨ • (jarman) m (Shahmukhi spelling جَرْمَن)

jarman (romanization)
جَرْمَن (Shahmukhi)

/d͡ʒəɾə̆.mənə̆/

(colloquial) Germany (a country in Western Europe)


ਗੋਵਾ

ਗੋਵਾ • (govā) ? (Shahmukhi spelling گوَا)

Borrowed from Hindi गोवा (govā), from Konkani गोंय (goiya)


ਗੁਜਰਾਤ

ਗੁਜਰਾਤ • (gujrāt) m (Shahmukhi spelling گُجرَات)

gujrāt (romanization)
گُجرَات (Shahmukhi)

[ɡu.d͡ʒə̆.ɾäː.t̪ə̆]

Borrowed from Hindi गुजरात (gujrāt), from Gujarati ગુજરાત (gujrāt)


ਹਰਿਆਣਾ

ਹਰਿਆਣਾ • (hariāṇā) ? (Shahmukhi spelling حَرِآݨَا)

hariāṇā (romanization)
حَرِآݨَا (Shahmukhi)

[hə.ɾɪ.äː.ɳäː]

Borrowed from Hindi हरियाणा (hariyāṇā, “Haryana”)


ਹਿਮਾਚਲ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼

حِمَچَال پرَدیش

ਹਿਮਾਚਲ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ • (himācal prdeś) ? (Shahmukhi spelling حِمَچَال پرَدیش)

himācal prdeś (romanization)
حِمَچَال پرَدیش (Shahmukhi)

/ɦɪ.maː.t͡ʃə.lə̆‿pɾə.d̪eː.ʃə̆/

[ɦɪ.mäː.t͡ʃə.lə̆‿pɾə.d̪eː.ʃə̆]

ਹਿ‧ਮਾ‧ਚ‧ਲ‧ਪ੍ਰ‧ਦੇ‧ਸ਼

Borrowed from Hindi हिमाचल प्रदेश (himācal pradeś)

bor

हिमाचल प्रदेश


ਜੰਮੂ ਅਤੇ ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ

pa-proper noun

جَمُّو اَتے کَشمِیر

ਜੰਮੂ ਅਤੇ ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ • (jammū ate kaśmīr) ? (Shahmukhi spelling جَمُّو اَتے کَشمِیر)

jammū ate kaśmīr (romanization)
جَمُّو اَتے کَشمِیر (Shahmukhi)

[d͡ʒəm.muː‿ə.t̪eː‿kə.ʃə̆.miː.ɾə̆]

ਜੰ‧ਮੂ‧ਅ‧ਤੇ‧ਕ‧ਸ਼‧ਮੀ‧ਰ

Calque of Hindi जम्मू और कश्मीर (jammū aur kaśmīr)

calque

जम्मू और कश्मीर

Jammu and Kashmir (a union territory of India)


ਝਾਰਖੰਡ

pa-proper noun

ਝਾਰਖੰਡ • (jhārkhaṇḍ) ? (Shahmukhi spelling جھَارکھَݨڈ)

jhārkhaṇḍ (romanization)
جھَارکھَݨڈ (Shahmukhi)

/t͡ʃaː˨.ɾə.kʰəɳ.ɖə/

[t͡ʃäː˨.ɾə̆.kʰəɳ.ɖə̆]


ਕਰਨਾਟਕ

ਕਰਨਾਟਕ • (karnāṭak) ? (Shahmukhi spelling کَرنَاٹَکَ)

karnāṭak (romanization)
کَرنَاٹَکَ (Shahmukhi)

[kə.ɾə̆.näː.ʈə.kə̆]

Borrowed from Kannada ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ (karnāṭaka)


ਕੇਰਲਾ

ਕੇਰਲਾ • (kerlā) ? (Shahmukhi spelling کیرَلَ)


ਮੱਧ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼

مَدّھ پرَدیش

ਮੱਧ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ • (maddha pradeś) m (Shahmukhi spelling مَدّھ پرَدیش)

maddha pradeś (romanization)
مَدّھ پرَدیش (Shahmukhi)

/mə́d̪.d̪ə‿pɾə.d̪eː.ʃᵊ/

[məd̪˦.d̪ə̆‿pɾə.d̪eː.ʃᵊ]

ਮੱ‧ਧ‧ਪ੍ਰ‧ਦੇ‧ਸ਼

Calque of Hindi मध्य प्रदेश (madhya pradeś)


ਮਹਾਰਾਸ਼ਟਰ

pa-proper noun

مَحَارَاشٹرَ

ਮਹਾਰਾਸ਼ਟਰ • (mahārāśṭar) ? (Shahmukhi spelling مَحَارَاشٹرَ)

mahārāśṭar (romanization)
مَحَارَاشٹرَ (Shahmukhi)

/mə.ɦaː.ɾaː.ʃə.ʈə.ɾə/

[mə.ɦäː.ɾäː.ʃə̆.ʈə̆.ɾə]

ਮ‧ਹਾ‧ਰਾ‧ਸ਼‧ਟ‧ਰ

Borrowed from Marathi महाराष्ट्र (mahārāṣṭra)


ਮਨੀਪੁਰ

ਮਨੀਪੁਰ • (manīpur) ? (Shahmukhi spelling مَݨِیپُر)

manīpur (romanization)
مَݨِیپُر (Shahmukhi)

Borrowed from Urdu مَنی پُور (manī pūr).


ਮੇਘਾਲਿਆ

ਮੇਘਾਲਿਆ • (meghāliā) ? (Shahmukhi spelling میگھَالِآ)

meghāliā (romanization)
میگھَالِآ (Shahmukhi)

[meː˦.ɡäː.lɪ.äː]


ਮਿਜ਼ੋਰਮ

ਮਿਜ਼ੋਰਮ • (mizoram) ? (Shahmukhi spelling مِزورَم)

mizoram (romanization)
مِزورَم (Shahmukhi)

Pa-ਮਿਜ਼ੋਰਮ.ogg

Borrowed from Hindi मिज़ोरम (mizoram), from Mizo Mizoram


ਨਾਗਾਲੈਂਡ

ਨਾਗਾਲੈਂਡ • (nāgālaiṇḍ) ? (Shahmukhi spelling نَاگَالَیݨڈ)

nāgālaiṇḍ (romanization)
نَاگَالَیݨڈ (Shahmukhi)

[näː.ɡäː.lɛːɳ.ɖə̆]

Borrowed from Hindi नागालैंड (nāgālaiṇḍ), from English Nagaland

bor

Hindi नागालैंड (nāgālaiṇḍ)


ਓੜੀਸਾ

pa-proper noun

ਓੜੀਸਾ • (oṛīsā) ? (Shahmukhi spelling اورِیسَا)

oṛīsā (romanization)
اورِیسَا (Shahmukhi)


ਰਾਜਸਥਾਨ

ਰਾਜਸਥਾਨ • (rājasthān) ? (Shahmukhi spelling رَاجَستَان)

rājasthān (romanization)
رَاجَستَان (Shahmukhi)

[ɾäː.d͡ʒə.sə̆.t̪äː.nə̆]

Borrowed from Hindi राजस्थान (rājasthān), from Marwari राजस्थान (rājasthān)


ਸਿਕਿਮ

pa-proper noun

ਸਿਕਿਮ • (sikim) ? (Shahmukhi spelling سِکِم)

Borrowed from Hindi सिक्किम (sikkim), from Sikkimese སུ་ཁྱིམ (su khyim)


ਤਾਮਿਲ ਨਾਡੂ

تَامِل نَاڈُو

ਤਾਮਿਲ ਨਾਡੂ • (tāmil nāḍū) ? (Shahmukhi spelling تَامِل نَاڈُو)

tāmil nāḍū (romanization)
تَامِل نَاڈُو (Shahmukhi)

ਤਾ‧ਮਿ‧ਲ‧ਨਾ‧ਡੂ

Borrowed from Tamil தமிழ் நாடு (tamiḻ nāṭu)


ਤ੍ਰਿਪੁਰਾ

pa-proper noun

ਤ੍ਰਿਪੁਰਾ • (tripurā) ? (Shahmukhi spelling ترِپُرَا)

tripurā (romanization)
ترِپُرَا (Shahmukhi)

[t̪ɾɪ.pʊ.ɾäː]


ਉੱਤਰ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼

اُتَّر پرَدیش

ਉੱਤਰ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ • (uttar pradeś) ? (Shahmukhi spelling اُتَّر پرَدیش)

uttar pradeś (romanization)
اُتَّر پرَدیش (Shahmukhi)

/ʊt̪.t̪ə.ɾə‿pɾə.d̪eː.ʃə/

[ʊt̪.t̪ə.ɾə̆‿pɾə.d̪eː.ʃə̆]

ਉੱ‧ਤ‧ਰ‧ਪ੍ਰ‧ਦੇ‧ਸ਼

Borrowed from Hindi उत्तर प्रदेश (uttar pradeś)

bor+

उत्तर प्रदेश


ਉੱਤਰਖੰਡ

pa-proper noun

اُتَّرَاکھَݨڈ

ਉੱਤਰਖੰਡ • (uttarkhaṇḍ) ? (Shahmukhi spelling اُتَّرَاکھَݨڈ)

uttarkhaṇḍ (romanization)
اُتَّرَاکھَݨڈ (Shahmukhi)

/ʊt̪.t̪ə.ɾə.kʰəɳ.ɖə/

[ʊt̪.t̪ə.ɾə̆.kʰəɳ.ɖə̆]

Borrowed from Hindi उत्तराखंड (uttarākhaṇḍ)


ਪੱਛਮੀ ਬੰਗਾਲ

pa-proper noun

پَچَّمِی بینگَل

ਪੱਛਮੀ ਬੰਗਾਲ • (pacchamī baṅgāl) ? (Shahmukhi spelling پَچَّمِی بینگَل)

pacchamī baṅgāl (romanization)
پَچَّمِی بینگَل (Shahmukhi)

[pət̚.t͡ʃə.miː‿beːŋ.ɡäː.lə̆]

Calque of Bengali পশ্চিম বঙ্গ (pościm boṅgo)


ਰਾਜ ਸਭਾ

pa-proper noun

ਰਾਜ ਸਭਾ • (rāj sabhā) f

Rajya Sabha (upper house of the Parliament of the Republic of India)


ਲੋਕ ਸਭਾ

Lok Sabha (lower house of the Parliament of the Republic of India)


ਪਠਾਰ

pa-noun

ਪਠਾਰ • (paṭhār) m (Shahmukhi spelling پَٹھار)

paṭhār (romanization)
پَٹھار (Shahmukhi)

/pə.ʈʰaː.ɾə̆/

From Sanskrit पृष्ठधार (pṛṣṭhadhāra). Cognate with Pahari-Potwari ਪਠਾਰ (paṭhār) and Hindi पठार (paṭhār).


ਲਾਲ ਸਮੁੰਦਰ

pa-proper noun

ਲਾਲ ਸਮੁੰਦਰ • (lāl samundar) m (Shahmukhi spelling لال سمندر)

lāl samundar (romanization)
لال سمندر (Shahmukhi)

Red Sea (A sea between the Arabian Peninsula and Africa)


ਦਹਾਨਾ

pa-noun

ਦਹਾਨਾ • (dahānā) m


ਮਾਲਟਾ

pa-proper noun

ਮਾਲਟਾ • (mālṭā) m (Shahmukhi spelling مالٹا)


ਦੱਖਣੀ ਕੋਰੀਆ

ਦੱਖਣੀ ਕੋਰੀਆ • (dakkhaṇī korīā) ?


ਉੱਤਰੀ ਕੋਰੀਆ

ਉੱਤਰੀ ਕੋਰੀਆ • (uttarī korīā) ?


ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ

ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ • (kaśmīr) m (Shahmukhi spelling کشمیر)

Kashmir (A region of South Asia, currently divided between India, Pakistan, and China.)


ਪਰਾਗ

ਪਰਾਗ • (parāg) ? (Shahmukhi spelling پراگ)

Borrowed from English Prague, probably from German Prag.

Prague (the capital of the Czech Republic)


ਹੈਦਰਾਬਾਦ

ਹੈਦਰਾਬਾਦ • (haidrābād) ? (Shahmukhi spelling حیدرآباد)

haidrābād (romanization)
حیدرآباد (Shahmukhi)

Hyderabad (the capital city of Telangana)


ਤੇਲੰਗਾਨਾ

ਤੇਲੰਗਾਨਾ • (telaṅgānā) ? (Shahmukhi spelling تیلنگاݨا)

telaṅgānā (romanization)
تیلنگاݨا (Shahmukhi)

Borrowed from Telugu తెలంగాణ (telaṅgāṇa).

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Telangana (A state of southern India, until 2014 the northwestern part of the state of Andhra Pradesh.; capital: Hyderabad)


ਵਾਦੀ

pa-noun

ਵਾਦੀ • (vādī) f (Shahmukhi spelling وادی)

Borrowed from Classical Persian وادی (wādī), from Arabic وَادٍ (wādin). Compare Hindi वादी (vādī).


ਦੰਦ ਖੰਡ ਤਟ

head

ਦੰਦ ਖੰਡ ਤਟ • (dand khaṇḍ taṭ)

Ivory Coast, Côte d'Ivoire (a country in West Africa)


ਕੇਂਦਰ ਸ਼ਾਸਿਤ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼

pa-noun

ਕੇਂਦਰ ਸ਼ਾਸਿਤ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ • (kendar śāsit prdeś) m

ਕੇਂਦਰ (kendar, “centre”) + ਸ਼ਾਸਿਤ (śāsit, “ruled”) + ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ (prdeś, “territory”)

com

union territory (administrative division ruled by the central government)

en-ਕੇਂਦਰ_ਸ਼ਾਸਿਤ_ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼-pa-noun-paIbRlUF


ਨੇਪਾਲ

pa-proper noun

ਨੇਪਾਲ • (nepāl) m (Shahmukhi spelling نیپال)

Ultimately from Sanskrit नेपाल (nepāla).

Nepal (a country in South Asia, located between China and India)


ਭੂਟਾਨ

ਭੂਟਾਨ • (bhūṭān) m (Shahmukhi spelling بھوٹان)

bhūṭān (romanization)
بھوٹان (Shahmukhi)

Bhutan (a country in South Asia, in the Himalayas)


ਉਪਮਹਾਂਦੀਪ

pa-noun

ਉਪਮਹਾਂਦੀਪ • (upamhāndīp) m

From ਉਪ- (upa-, “sub-”) + ਮਹਾਂਦੀਪ (mahāndīp, “continent”).


ਮਹਾਂਦੀਪ

pa-noun

ਮਹਾਂਦੀਪ • (mahāndīp) m


ਪਣਜੋੜ

ਪਣਜੋੜ • (paṇjoṛ) m (Shahmukhi spelling پنجوڑ)

ਪਣ- (paṇa-, “water”) + ਜੋੜ (joṛ, “joint”).


مدھ پردیش

pa-proper noun

مدھ پردیش • (maddha pradeś) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਮੱਧ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼)

maddha pradeś (romanization)
ਮੱਧ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ (Gurmukhi)

/mə́d̪.d̪ə‿pɾə.d̪eː.ʃᵊ/

[məd̪˦.d̪ə̆‿pɾə.d̪eː.ʃᵊ]

مَ‧دّھ‧پرَ‧دے‧ش

Calque of Hindi मध्य प्रदेश (madhya pradeś)


ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਅਰਬ ਅਮੀਰਾਤ

pa-proper noun

ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਅਰਬ ਅਮੀਰਾਤ • (sãyukat arab amīrāt) f pl

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English:_Q878

United Arab Emirates (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


ਸਾਊਦੀ ਅਰਬ

ਸਾਊਦੀ ਅਰਬ • (sāūdī arab) m (Shahmukhi spelling سعودی عرب)

sāūdī arab (romanization)
سعودی عرب (Shahmukhi)

Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


ਖਾਈ

pa-noun

ਖਾਈ • (khāī) f

(figutative) estrangement, (in relations) distance


ਖਲੀਜ

ਖਲੀਜ • (khalīj) f (Shahmukhi spelling خلیج)


ਮੈਕਸੀਕੋ ਦੀ ਖਾੜੀ

pa-proper noun

ਮੈਕਸੀਕੋ ਦੀ ਖਾੜੀ • (maiksīko dī khāṛī) f

Gulf of Mexico (a gulf of the Atlantic Ocean)


ਫ਼ਾਰਸ ਦੀ ਖਾੜੀ

فارس دی کھاڑی

ਫ਼ਾਰਸ ਦੀ ਖਾੜੀ • (fāras dī khāṛī) f (Shahmukhi spelling فارس دی کھاڑی)

fāras dī khāṛī (romanization)
فارس دی کھاڑی (Shahmukhi)

Persian Gulf (A gulf between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula)


ਤੀਰ

Borrowed from Classical Persian تیر (tīr). Compare Hindi तीर (tīr).


ਗਣਤੰਤਰ ਦਿਵਸ

Republic Day (national holiday commemorating when the Constitution of India came into effect)


ਬਾਲਟਿਕ ਸਮੁੰਦਰ

pa-proper noun

ਬਾਲਟਿਕ ਸਮੁੰਦਰ • (bālṭik samundar) m (Shahmukhi spelling بالٹک سمندر)

bālṭik samundar (romanization)
بالٹک سمندر (Shahmukhi)


ਖਾਦਰ

pa-noun

ਖਾਦਰ • (khādar) m (Shahmukhi spelling کهادر)


ਤ੍ਰਿਵੇਣੀ

ਤ੍ਰਿਵੇਣੀ • (triveṇī) f

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit त्रिवेणी (triveṇī), literally "thrice-braided", from वेणी (veṇī, “braid; stream”).

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ਇਲਾਹਾਬਾਦ ਤ੍ਰਿਵੇਣੀ ਸੰਗਮ ਦੇ ਨੇੜੇ ਸਥਿਤ ਹੈ.

Prayagraj is located near the confluence of three rivers.

ilāhābād triveṇī saṅgam de neṛe sathit hai.


ਚਟਾਨ

pa-noun

ਚਟਾਨ • (caṭān) f


ਬਰੇਤਾ

ਬਰੇਤਾ • (baretā) m (Shahmukhi spelling بریتا)


ਨੀਲ

Borrowed from Classical Persian نیل (nīl), from Arabic النِيل (an-nīl).


ਮਾਦਾਗਾਸਕਰ

pa-proper noun

ਮਾਦਾਗਾਸਕਰ • (mādāgāskar) m (Shahmukhi spelling مڈغاسکر)

mādāgāskar (romanization)
مڈغاسکر (Shahmukhi)

Pa-ਮਾਦਾਗਾਸਕਰ.ogg

Madagascar (an island and country off the east coast of Africa)


ਰੇਗਿਸਤਾਨ

pa-noun

ਰੇਗਿਸਤਾਨ • (registān) m (Shahmukhi spelling ریگستان)

registān (romanization)
ریگستان (Shahmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian ریگستان (rêgistân, literally “sandy place”).


ਮਾਰੂਥਲ

pa-noun

ਮਾਰੂਥਲ • (mārūthal) m

ਮਾਰੂ (mārū, “deadly; dry”) + ਥਲ (thal, “land”)


ਸਹਿਰਾ

pa-noun

ਸਹਿਰਾ • (sahirā) m (Shahmukhi spelling صحرا)

sahirā (romanization)
صحرا (Shahmukhi)
ਸਹਿਰਾ (direct singular)
ਸਹਿਰੇ (direct plural)
ਸਹਿਰੇ (oblique singular)
ਸਹਿਰਿਆਂ (oblique plural)
ਸਹਿਰਿਆ (singular vocative)
ਸਹਿਰਿਓ (plural vocative)
ਸਹਿਰਿਓਂ (ablative singular)
ਸਹਿਰੇ (locative singular)
ਸਹਿਰੇ (instrumental singular)

Borrowed from Classical Persian صحرا (sahrā), from Arabic صَحْرَاء (ṣaḥrāʔ)..

der

Arabic صَحْرَاء (ṣaḥrāʔ)


ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਬਾਦਸ਼ਾਹੀ

pa-proper noun

ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਬਾਦਸ਼ਾਹੀ • (sãyukat bādśāhī) ?

United Kingdom (a country in Europe; capital: London)


ਯੂਨਾਈਟਡ ਕਿੰਗਡਮ

ਯੂਨਾਈਟਡ ਕਿੰਗਡਮ • (yūnāīṭaḍ kiṅgḍam) ?

/juːnaːiːʈəɖə‿kiŋɡəɖəmə/

[juːnaːiːʈəɖ‿kiŋɡɖəm]


ਦੀਪ

pa-noun

ਦੀਪ • (dīp) m


ਟੇਕਰੀ

ਟੇਕਰੀ • (ṭekrī) f (Shahmukhi spelling ٹیکری)


ਭੋਏਂ

ਭੋਏਂ • (bhoē̃) f (Shahmukhi spelling بھوئیں)


بھوئیں

بھوئیں • (bho'eṉ) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਭੋਏਂ)

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀪𑀽𑀫𑀺 (bhūmi), from Sanskrit भूमि (bhū́mi, “earth, ground”). Doublet of بھوں (bhoṉ). Cognate with Pahari-Potwari بِھیئیں (bhī'eṉ).


ਯੂਨਾਨ

pa-proper noun

ਯੂਨਾਨ • (yūnān) m (Shahmukhi spelling یُونان)

Borrowed from Classical Persian یُونَان (yūnān), ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἰωνία (Iōnía, “Ionia”).


ਯੁਨਾਨ

pa-proper noun

ਯੁਨਾਨ • (yunān) m (Shahmukhi spelling یُنان)


ਬੰਬਈ

pa-prop

ਬੰਬਈ • (bambaī) f (Shahmukhi spelling بَمْبَئی)

bambaī (romanization)
بَمْبَئی (Shahmukhi)

Bombay (former name of Mumbai, a megacity, the capital of Maharashtra, India)