مصر

pa-proper noun

مِصَر • (miṣar) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਮਿਸਰ)

مِصَر (canonical)
miṣar (romanization)
ਮਿਸਰ (Gurmukhi)

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


ਹਿੰਦ

ਹਿੰਦ • (hind) m (Shahmukhi spelling ہند)

hind (romanization)
ہند (Shahmukhi)
ਹਿੰਦ (direct singular)
ਹਿੰਦ (direct plural)
ਹਿੰਦ (oblique singular)
ਹਿੰਦਾਂ (oblique plural)
ਹਿੰਦਾ (singular vocative)
ਹਿੰਦੋ (plural vocative)
ਹਿੰਦੋਂ (ablative singular)
ਹਿੰਦੇ (locative singular)
ਹਿੰਦੀਂ (locative plural)
ਹਿੰਦੇ (instrumental singular)
ਹਿੰਦੀਂ (instrumental plural)

Borrowed from Classical Persian هند (hind); see there for more.


ਭਾਰਤ

pa-proper noun

ਭਾਰਤ • (bhārat) m (Shahmukhi spelling بھارت)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit भारत (bhārata).


ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ

pa-proper noun

ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ • (sãyukat rāj amrīkā) ?

United States of America
United States of America#English

United States of America (a country in North America)


یونان

یُونان • (yūnān) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਯੂਨਾਨ)

یُونان (canonical)
yūnān (romanization)
ਯੂਨਾਨ (Gurmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian یُونَان (yūnān).

bor+

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


امریکہ

pa-proper noun

امریکہ • (amrīkā) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਅਮਰੀਕਾ)

America, United States of America (a country in North America; in full, United States of America)


پاکستان

پاکستان • (pākistān) ? (Gurmukhi spelling ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ)

pākistān (romanization)
ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ (Gurmukhi)


مراکش

مَراکَش • (marākaś) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਮਰਾਕਿਸ਼)

مَراکَش (canonical)
marākaś (romanization)
ਮਰਾਕਿਸ਼ (Gurmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian مَرَاکِش (marākiš), from Arabic مُرّاكُش (murrākuš).


عمان

pa-proper noun

عُمان • (ʻumān) ? (Gurmukhi spelling ਉਮਾਨ)

عُمان (canonical)
ʻumān (romanization)
ਉਮਾਨ (Gurmukhi)

Oman (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


آسٹریلیا

آسْٹْریلِیا • (āsṭrelīyā) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਆਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ)

آسْٹْریلِیا (canonical)
āsṭrelīyā (romanization)
ਆਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ (Gurmukhi)
اَسٹریلِیا (alternative)
اَوسٹریلِیا (alternative)

Borrowed from English Australia, from Latin terra austrālis incōgnita (“unknown southern land”), from Latin auster (“the south wind”).

der

Australia (a country consisting of a main island, the island of Tasmania and other smaller islands, located in Oceania; historically, a collection of former colonies of the British Empire)


شام

pa-proper noun

شام • (śām) m

Borrowed from Classical Persian شام (šām, “Greater Syria; Levant”), from Arabic الشَّام (aš-šām, “Levant; Damascus”).

der

Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ

pa-proper noun

ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ • (pākistān) m (Shahmukhi spelling پاکستان)

pākistān (romanization)
پاکستان (Shahmukhi)

From ਪਾਕ (pāk, “pure, holy, immaculate, chaste, undefiled”) + -ਇਸਤਾਨ (-istān, “-istan”), which derive from Classical Persian. The word was coined by Choudhary Rahmat Ali, who published it in the pamphlet Now or Never issued on January 28, 1933, as an acronym of the names of the "Muslim homelands" of western India—Punjab, Afghania, Kashmir, Sindh, and Balochistan. An i was later added to the name to ease pronunciation.

suf

ਪਾਕ<t:pure, holy, immaculate, chaste, undefiled>


اسٹونیا

pa-proper noun

اسٹونیا • (transliteration needed) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆ)

Estonia (a country in northeastern Europe, on the southeastern coast of the Baltic Sea)


ਬ੍ਰਹਮਦੇਸ਼

ਬ੍ਰਹਮਦੇਸ਼ • (brhamadeś) m (Shahmukhi spelling برہمدیش)

brhamadeś (romanization)
برہمدیش (Shahmukhi)

ਬਰਮਾ ਬਰਮਾ#Punjabi

alternative form of ਬਰਮਾ (barmā): Myanmar, Burma (a country in Southeast Asia)


ਅਮਰੀਕਾ

ਅਮਰੀਕਾ • (amrīkā) m (Shahmukhi spelling امریکہ)

amrīkā (romanization)
امریکہ (Shahmukhi)

ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ
ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ#Punjabi

America, United States of America (a country in North America; in full, ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ (sãyukat rāj amarīkā))


ਰੂਸ

Borrowed from Classical Persian روس (rūs).

bor+

Russia (a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


ਕੈਨੇਡਾ

pa-proper noun

ਕੈਨੇਡਾ • (kaineḍā) m (Shahmukhi spelling کینیڈا)

kaineḍā (romanization)
کینیڈا (Shahmukhi)
ਕਨੇਡਾ (alternative)

Borrowed from English Canada, from the Laurentian kanata (“village, settlement”).


ਅਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ

pa-proper noun

ਅਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ • (asaṭrelīā) m (Shahmukhi spelling اسٹریلیا)

asaṭrelīā (romanization)
اسٹریلیا (Shahmukhi)

pa:ਅਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ

ਆਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ ਆਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ#Punjabi

alternative form of ਆਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ (āsaṭrelīā):


ਇਸਤੋਨੀਆ

ਇਸਤੋਨੀਆ • (isatonīā) m (Shahmukhi spelling استونیا)

isatonīā (romanization)
استونیا (Shahmukhi)

ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆ ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆ#Punjabi

alternative spelling of ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆ (isaṭonīā): Estonia (a country in northeastern Europe, on the southeastern coast of the Baltic Sea)


ਆਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ

ਆਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ • (āsaṭrelīā) m (Shahmukhi spelling آسٹریلیا)

āsaṭrelīā (romanization)
آسٹریلیا (Shahmukhi)
ਅਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ (alternative)
ਔਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ (alternative)

pa:ਆਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ


ਮਿਆਂਮਾਰ

ਮਿਆਂਮਾਰ • (miāmmār) m (Shahmukhi spelling میانمار)

miāmmār (romanization)
میانمار (Shahmukhi)
ਮੀਆਂਮਾਰ (alternative)

Borrowed from Burmese မြန်မာ (mranma), the formal Burmese name of the main ethnic group in Myanmar; ဗမာ (ba.ma), from which Burma is derived, is the informal name. Both Burmese terms are also adjectives meaning "Burmese" (related to Myanmar/Burma, its, people, language, etc). When certain words are attached, the combination may mean specifically Myanmar (Burma) (country) or Burmese (person, language, etc.) - a noun.


ਬਰਮਾ

ਬਰਮਾ • (barmā) m (Shahmukhi spelling برما)

barmā (romanization)
برما (Shahmukhi)
ਬ੍ਰਹਮਦੇਸ਼ (alternative)

Borrowed from Burmese ဗမာ (ba.ma), colloquial form of မြန်မာ (mranma); see Myanmar for more.


ਮਲੇਸ਼ੀਆ

ਮਲੇਸ਼ੀਆ • (maleśīā) m (Shahmukhi spelling ملیشیا)

maleśīā (romanization)
ملیشیا (Shahmukhi)


ਨਿਊਜ਼ੀਲੈਂਡ

ਨਿਊਜ਼ੀਲੈਂਡ • (niūzīlaiṇḍ) m (Shahmukhi spelling نیوزیلینڈ)

niūzīlaiṇḍ (romanization)
نیوزیلینڈ (Shahmukhi)

Borrowed from Dutch Nieuw-Zeeland (“new Zeeland”), after the Dutch settlement in Batavia, which in turn had been named after the Dutch province of Zeeland.

bor+

New Zealand (a country and archipelago of Oceania, to the east of Australia)

pa:ਨਿਊਜ਼ੀਲੈਂਡ


ਆਓਤੇਆਰੋਆ

pa-proper noun

ਆਓਤੇਆਰੋਆ • (āoteāroā) m (Shahmukhi spelling آؤتیاروآ)

āoteāroā (romanization)
آؤتیاروآ (Shahmukhi)

Borrowed from Maori Aotearoa (“long white cloud; North Island; New Zealand”), see there for more.

bor+

Aotearoa (new Zealand, a country in Oceania; the Māori name, used especially in a Polynesian or pre-colonial context)


ਚੀਨ

cīn (romanization)
چین (Shahmukhi)
ਚੀਨ (direct singular)
ਚੀਨ (direct plural)
ਚੀਨ (oblique singular)
ਚੀਨਾਂ (oblique plural)
ਚੀਨਾ (singular vocative)
ਚੀਨੋ (plural vocative)
ਚੀਨੋਂ (ablative singular)
ਚੀਨੇ (locative singular)
ਚੀਨੀਂ (locative plural)
ਚੀਨੇ (instrumental singular)
ਚੀਨੀਂ (instrumental plural)
ਚਾਈਨਾ (alternative)


ਇਰਾਨ

pa-proper noun

ਇਰਾਨ • (irān) m (Shahmukhi spelling ایران)

irān (romanization)
ایران (Shahmukhi)
ਅਰਾਨ (alternative)
ਈਰਾਨ (alternative)

From Persian ایران ('îrân), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (ʾērān, “of the Aryans”). See ērān for word formation, further etymology and cognates.

der

Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


ਇਟਲੀ

pa-proper noun

ਇਟਲੀ • (iṭalī) f (Shahmukhi spelling اٹلی)


ਮੈਕਸੀਕੋ

ਮੈਕਸੀਕੋ • (maiksīko) m (Shahmukhi spelling میکسیکو)

maiksīko (romanization)
میکسیکو (Shahmukhi)
ਮਕਸੀਕੋ (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish México, from Classical Nahuatl Mēxihco, a place-name referring to the Mēxihcah (Mexica/Aztecs).


ਅਫ਼ਗ਼ਾਨਿਸਤਾਨ

ਅਫ਼ਗ਼ਾਨਿਸਤਾਨ • (afġānistān) m (Shahmukhi spelling افغانستان)

afġānistān (romanization)
افغانستان (Shahmukhi)
ਅਫ਼ਗਾਨਿਸਤਾਨ (alternative)

/əfˈɣänˑɪˌst̪äːn/

From Classical Persian افغانستان (afġānistān).

bor

Afghanistan (a landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia)

pa:ਅਫ਼ਗ਼ਾਨਿਸਤਾਨ


ਜਰਮਨੀ

pa-proper noun

ਜਰਮਨੀ • (jarmanī) f (Shahmukhi spelling جرمنی)

jarmanī (romanization)
جرمنی (Shahmukhi)

From Middle English Germanie, from Old English Germania, from Latin Germānia (“land of the Germans”), from Germānī, a people living around and east of the Rhine first attested in the 1st century B.C.E. works of Julius Caesar and of uncertain etymology.

nowrap

1st century <small class='ce-date'>B.C.E.</small>

Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


ਜਰਮਨੀ

pa-adj

ਜਰਮਨੀ • (jarmanī) (Shahmukhi spelling جرمنی)

ਜਰਮਨ ਜਰਮਨ#Punjabi

alternative form of ਜਰਮਨ (jarman): Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


ਬੰਗਲਾਦੇਸ਼

pa-proper noun

ਬੰਗਲਾਦੇਸ਼ • (baṅglādeś) m (Shahmukhi spelling بنگلہ دیش)

baṅglādeś (romanization)
بنگلہ دیش (Shahmukhi)

Bengali বাংলাদেশ (baṅladeś), from বাংলা (baṅla, “Bengali”) + দেশ (deś, “country”).

pa:ਬੰਗਲਾਦੇਸ਼


ਜਪਾਨ

ਜਪਾਨ • (japān) m (Shahmukhi spelling جاپان)

From English Japan, from Portuguese Japão or Dutch Japan, from Malay Jepang, from Hokkien 日本 (Ji̍t-pún), from Middle Chinese 日本 (nyit pwon^X).

Japan (a country and archipelago of East Asia)


کینیڈا

کَینیڈا • (kaineḍā) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਕੈਨੇਡਾ)

کَینیڈا (canonical)
kaineḍā (romanization)
ਕੈਨੇਡਾ (Gurmukhi)
کنیڈا (alternative)

der

Laurentian kanata (“village, settlement”)


آسٹریا

pa-noun

آسْٹَرِیا • (āsṭriyā) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਆਸਟਰੀਆ)

آسْٹَرِیا (canonical)
āsṭriyā (romanization)
ਆਸਟਰੀਆ (Gurmukhi)

اَسْٹَرِیا اسٹریا#Punjabi

alternative form of اَسْٹَرِیا (asṭarīyā): Austria (a country in Central Europe)


نیپال

pa-proper noun

نیپال • (nepāl) m

Nepal (a country in South Asia, located between China and India)


ਯੂਕਰੇਨ

ਯੂਕਰੇਨ • (yūkren) m (Shahmukhi spelling یوکرین)

yūkren (romanization)
یوکرین (Shahmukhi)
ਯੂਕਰੇਨ (direct singular)
ਯੂਕਰੇਨ (direct plural)
ਯੂਕਰੇਨ (oblique singular)
ਯੂਕਰੇਨਾਂ (oblique plural)
ਯੂਕਰੇਨਾ (singular vocative)
ਯੂਕਰੇਨੋ (plural vocative)
ਯੂਕਰੇਨੋਂ (ablative singular)
ਯੂਕਰੇਨੇ (locative singular)
ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਂ (locative plural)
ਯੂਕਰੇਨੇ (instrumental singular)
ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਂ (instrumental plural)


ਮਰਾਕਿਸ਼

ਮਰਾਕਿਸ਼ • (marākiś) m (Shahmukhi spelling مراکش)

marākiś (romanization)
مراکش (Shahmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian مراکش (marākiš), from Arabic مُرّاكُش (murrākuš), ultimately from Berber ⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴰⴽⵓⵛ (amur n akuc, literally “Land of God”).


ਮਿਸਰ

pa-proper noun

ਮਿਸਰ • (misar) f (Shahmukhi spelling مِصْر)

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


جرمن

جَرْمَن • (jarman) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਜਰਮਨ)

جَرْمَن (canonical)
jarman (romanization)
ਜਰਮਨ (Gurmukhi)

/d͡ʒəɾə̆.mənə̆/


ਤੁਰਕੀ

ਤੁਰਕੀ • (turkī) m (Shahmukhi spelling ترکی)

turkī (romanization)
ترکی (Shahmukhi)
ਤੁਰਕੀ (direct singular)
ਤੁਰਕੀ (direct plural)
ਤੁਰਕੀ (oblique singular)
ਤੁਰਕੀਆਂ (oblique plural)
ਤੁਰਕੀਆ (singular vocative)
ਤੁਰਕੀਓ (plural vocative)

Phono-semantic matching of English Turkey.

phono-semantic matching

Southeastern Europe
Southeastern Europe#English

Turkey (a country located in Eastern Thrace in Southeastern Europe and Anatolia in western Asia)

ਲੀਖਟਨਸ਼ਟਾਈ

līkhṭanaśṭāī


اسٹریا

pa-noun

اَسْٹَرِیا • (asṭarīyā) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਅਸਟਰੀਆ)

اَسْٹَرِیا (canonical)
asṭarīyā (romanization)
ਅਸਟਰੀਆ (Gurmukhi)

اَسْ ٹَ رِ یا

(Pakistan) Austria (a country in Central Europe)


ਜਰਮਨ

pa-proper noun

ਜਰਮਨ • (jarman) m (Shahmukhi spelling جَرْمَن)

jarman (romanization)
جَرْمَن (Shahmukhi)

/d͡ʒəɾə̆.mənə̆/

(colloquial) Germany (a country in Western Europe)


ਮਾਲਟਾ

ਮਾਲਟਾ • (mālṭā) m (Shahmukhi spelling مالٹا)

Malta (an archipelago and country in Southern Europe, in the Mediterranean Sea)


ਦੱਖਣੀ ਕੋਰੀਆ

ਦੱਖਣੀ ਕੋਰੀਆ • (dakkhaṇī korīā) ?


ਉੱਤਰੀ ਕੋਰੀਆ

ਉੱਤਰੀ ਕੋਰੀਆ • (uttarī korīā) ?


ਦੰਦ ਖੰਡ ਤਟ

head

ਦੰਦ ਖੰਡ ਤਟ • (dand khaṇḍ taṭ)

Ivory Coast, Côte d'Ivoire (a country in West Africa)


ਨੇਪਾਲ

pa-proper noun

ਨੇਪਾਲ • (nepāl) m (Shahmukhi spelling نیپال)

Ultimately from Sanskrit नेपाल (nepāla).


ਭੂਟਾਨ

ਭੂਟਾਨ • (bhūṭān) m (Shahmukhi spelling بھوٹان)

bhūṭān (romanization)
بھوٹان (Shahmukhi)

Bhutan (a country in South Asia, in the Himalayas)


ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਅਰਬ ਅਮੀਰਾਤ

ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਅਰਬ ਅਮੀਰਾਤ • (sãyukat arab amīrāt) f pl

sãyukat arab amīrāt (romanization)
ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਅਰਬ ਇਮਰਾਤ (alternative)

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English:_Q878

United Arab Emirates (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


ਸਾਊਦੀ ਅਰਬ

ਸਾਊਦੀ ਅਰਬ • (sāūdī arab) m

ਸਾਊਦੀ (sāūdī) + ਅਰਬ (arab)

com

ਸਾਊਦੀ (sāūdī) + ਅਰਬ (arab)

Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


ਮਾਦਾਗਾਸਕਰ

pa-proper noun

ਮਾਦਾਗਾਸਕਰ • (mādāgāskar) m (Shahmukhi spelling مڈغاسکر)

mādāgāskar (romanization)
مڈغاسکر (Shahmukhi)

Pa-ਮਾਦਾਗਾਸਕਰ.ogg

Madagascar (an island and country off the east coast of Africa)


ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਬਾਦਸ਼ਾਹੀ

ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਬਾਦਸ਼ਾਹੀ • (sãyukat bādśāhī) ?

United Kingdom
United Kingdom#English:_Q145

United Kingdom (a kingdom and country in Northern Europe)


ਯੂਨਾਈਟਡ ਕਿੰਗਡਮ

ਯੂਨਾਈਟਡ ਕਿੰਗਡਮ • (yūnāīṭaḍ kiṅgḍam) ?

/juːnaːiːʈəɖə‿kiŋɡəɖəmə/

[juːnaːiːʈəɖ‿kiŋɡɖəm]

United Kingdom (a country in Europe; capital: London)


ਹਿੰਦੁਸਤਾਨ

ਹਿੰਦੁਸਤਾਨ • (hindustān) m (Shahmukhi spelling ہِندُسْتان)

hindustān (romanization)
ہِندُسْتان (Shahmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian هِنْدُوسْتَان (hindūstān). First attested as Old Punjabi ਹਿੰਦੁਸਤਾਨੁ (hindusatānu).

bor+

هِنْدُوسْتَان


ਯੂਨਾਨ

pa-proper noun

ਯੂਨਾਨ • (yūnān) m (Shahmukhi spelling یُونان)

yūnān (romanization)
یُونان (Shahmukhi)
ਯੁਨਾਨ (alternative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian یُونَان (yūnān), ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἰωνία (Iōnía, “Ionia”).


ਯੁਨਾਨ

pa-proper noun

ਯੁਨਾਨ • (yunān) m (Shahmukhi spelling یُنان)

yunān (romanization)
یُنان (Shahmukhi)
ਯੂਨਾਨ (alternative)