rammalōn

rammalōn (infinitive)
rammalōnijas (genitive infinitive)
rammalōnijē (dative infinitive)
rammalōniju (infinitive instrumental)
rammalō (first-person present singular)
rammalōdā (first-person past singular)
rammalōs (present second-person singular)
rammalōdēs (past second-person singular)
rammalōdōs (past second-person singular)
rammalōþ (present singular third-person)
rammalōdē (past singular third-person)
rammalōdā (past singular third-person)
rammalōm (first-person plural present)
rammalōdum (first-person past plural)
rammalōþ (plural present second-person)
rammalōdud (past plural second-person)
rammalōnþ (plural present third-person)
rammalōdun (past plural third-person)
rammalōdī (first-person past singular)
rammalōdī (past second-person singular)
rammalō (present singular third-person)
rammalōdī (past singular third-person)
rammalōdīm (first-person past plural)
rammalōdīd (past plural second-person)
rammalōn (plural present third-person)
rammalōdīn (past plural third-person)
rammalō (present singular)
rammalōþ (plural present)
rammalōndī (participle present)
rammalōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *rammalōn

Middle Low German: rammelen

Old Dutch: *rammalon, *remmilon

Middle Dutch: rammelen, *remmelen

Dutch: rammelen, remmelen

Old High German: rammalōn, rammilōn, remmilōn

Middle High German: rammelen, rammeln

German: rammeln


swindilōn

swindilōn (infinitive)
swindilōnijas (genitive infinitive)
swindilōnijē (dative infinitive)
swindilōniju (infinitive instrumental)
swindilō (first-person present singular)
swindilōdā (first-person past singular)
swindilōs (present second-person singular)
swindilōdēs (past second-person singular)
swindilōdōs (past second-person singular)
swindilōþ (present singular third-person)
swindilōdē (past singular third-person)
swindilōdā (past singular third-person)
swindilōm (first-person plural present)
swindilōdum (first-person past plural)
swindilōþ (plural present second-person)
swindilōdud (past plural second-person)
swindilōnþ (plural present third-person)
swindilōdun (past plural third-person)
swindilōdī (first-person past singular)
swindilōdī (past second-person singular)
swindilō (present singular third-person)
swindilōdī (past singular third-person)
swindilōdīm (first-person past plural)
swindilōdīd (past plural second-person)
swindilōn (plural present third-person)
swindilōdīn (past plural third-person)
swindilō (present singular)
swindilōþ (plural present)
swindilōndī (participle present)
swindilōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: *swindelia

West Frisian: swindelje

Old Saxon: *swindilōn

Middle Low German: swindelen

Old Dutch: *swindilon

Middle Dutch: swindelen

Dutch: zwendelen, zwindelen

Old High German: swintilōn

Middle High German: swindelen, swindeln

German: schwindeln


bannijan

bannijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
bannijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
bannijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
bannijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
banniju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bannidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bannisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bannidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bannidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
banniþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bannidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bannidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bannijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bannidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
banniþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bannidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bannijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bannidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bannijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bannidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bannijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bannidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bannijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bannidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bannijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bannidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bannijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bannidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bannijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bannidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
banni (class-1 present singular weak)
banniþ (class-1 plural present weak)
bannijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
bannid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *bennian

Middle Low German: *bennen

⇒ Middle Low German: benninge

Old High German: *bennen

Middle High German: bennen

→ Late Latin: banniō (see there for further descendants)


gabannī

gabannī (nominative singular)
gabanniju (nominative plural)
gabannī (accusative singular)
gabanniju (accusative plural)
gabannijas (genitive singular)
gabannijō (genitive plural)
gabannijē (dative singular)
gabannijum (dative plural)
gabanniju (instrumental singular)
gabannijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġebenne

Old High German: gibenni

desc

⇒? Middle High German: gebennic (“cursing”)

From *bannijan, equivalent to *ga- + *bann + *-ī.


stallōn

stallōn (infinitive)
stallōnijas (genitive infinitive)
stallōnijē (dative infinitive)
stallōniju (infinitive instrumental)
stallō (first-person present singular)
stallōdā (first-person past singular)
stallōs (present second-person singular)
stallōdēs (past second-person singular)
stallōdōs (past second-person singular)
stallōþ (present singular third-person)
stallōdē (past singular third-person)
stallōdā (past singular third-person)
stallōm (first-person plural present)
stallōdum (first-person past plural)
stallōþ (plural present second-person)
stallōdud (past plural second-person)
stallōnþ (plural present third-person)
stallōdun (past plural third-person)
stallōdī (first-person past singular)
stallōdī (past second-person singular)
stallō (present singular third-person)
stallōdī (past singular third-person)
stallōdīm (first-person past plural)
stallōdīd (past plural second-person)
stallōn (plural present third-person)
stallōdīn (past plural third-person)
stallō (present singular)
stallōþ (plural present)
stallōndī (participle present)
stallōd (participle past)

Old English: steallian

Middle English: stallen

English: stall

desctree

Old Frisian: stallia
Saterland Frisian: stalle, staale
West Frisian: stâlje, stâle, stalje, stalle

Old Saxon: *stallōn

Middle Low German: stallen

Old Dutch: *stallon

Middle Dutch: stallen

Dutch: stallen

Old High German: *stallōn

Middle High German: stallen

From Proto-Germanic *stallōną, equivalent to *stall (“stable”) + *-ōn.


-ukīn

-ukīn (nominative singular)
-ukīnu (nominative plural)
-ukīn (accusative singular)
-ukīnu (accusative plural)
-ukīnas (genitive singular)
-ukīnō (genitive plural)
-ukīnē (dative singular)
-ukīnum (dative plural)
-ukīnu (instrumental singular)
-ukīnum (instrumental plural)

Old English: -ċen, -ċin
Middle English: -chen

Old Frisian: *-ken

Saterland Frisian: -ken

West Frisian: -ke

Old Saxon: *-ukīn, *-ikīn, -kīn

Middle Low German: -eken

Low German: -ken

desc

German Low German: -ken, -ke, -kje, -tje

Old Dutch: *-ukīn, *-ikīn, -kīn

Middle Dutch: -ekin, -eken, -ekijn, -kin, -ken, -kijn

Dutch: -kijn, -je, -tje, -kje, -ke

→ Middle English: -kin

English: -kin

Scots: -kin

→ Middle French: -quin, -quain

French: -quin

Old High German: *-uhīn, *-ihīn, -hīn

Middle High German: -ichin, -echen

German: -chen

Used to create diminutive nouns from other nouns, originally diminutives from other diminutives


-ulīn

-ulīn (nominative singular)
-ulīnu (nominative plural)
-ulīn (accusative singular)
-ulīnu (accusative plural)
-ulīnas (genitive singular)
-ulīnō (genitive plural)
-ulīnē (dative singular)
-ulīnum (dative plural)
-ulīnu (instrumental singular)
-ulīnum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: -ilīn, -līn

Middle Low German: -elîn, -elin, -elen, -lîn, -lin, -len

German Low German: -lien

Old Dutch: *-ulīn, *-ilīn

Middle Dutch: -elin, -elen, -elijn, -lin, -lijn

Dutch: -lijn

Old High German: -ilīn, -elīn, -ilī

Middle High German: -elīn, -līn

German: -lein, -ele (dialectal)

Alemannic German: -li


sukōn

sukōn (infinitive)
sukōnijas (genitive infinitive)
sukōnijē (dative infinitive)
sukōniju (infinitive instrumental)
sukō (first-person present singular)
sukōdā (first-person past singular)
sukōs (present second-person singular)
sukōdēs (past second-person singular)
sukōdōs (past second-person singular)
sukōþ (present singular third-person)
sukōdē (past singular third-person)
sukōdā (past singular third-person)
sukōm (first-person plural present)
sukōdum (first-person past plural)
sukōþ (plural present second-person)
sukōdud (past plural second-person)
sukōnþ (plural present third-person)
sukōdun (past plural third-person)
sukōdī (first-person past singular)
sukōdī (past second-person singular)
sukō (present singular third-person)
sukōdī (past singular third-person)
sukōdīm (first-person past plural)
sukōdīd (past plural second-person)
sukōn (plural present third-person)
sukōdīn (past plural third-person)
sukō (present singular)
sukōþ (plural present)
sukōndī (participle present)
sukōd (participle past)

Old English: socian

Middle English: soken

English: soak

>? Old Saxon: *sukkōn

>? Middle Low German: sucken (to pump)

Old Dutch: *sokon

q

>? Middle Dutch: soken (unclear if the verb meaning 'to suckle' belong here)

Dutch: zoken (to boil, simmer, soak)

Perhaps an old iterative related to *sūkan (“to suck”), or derived from *suk (“suction, drainage”) + *-ōn.


sundīgōn

sundīgōn (infinitive)
sundīgōnijas (genitive infinitive)
sundīgōnijē (dative infinitive)
sundīgōniju (infinitive instrumental)
sundīgō (first-person present singular)
sundīgōdā (first-person past singular)
sundīgōs (present second-person singular)
sundīgōdēs (past second-person singular)
sundīgōdōs (past second-person singular)
sundīgōþ (present singular third-person)
sundīgōdē (past singular third-person)
sundīgōdā (past singular third-person)
sundīgōm (first-person plural present)
sundīgōdum (first-person past plural)
sundīgōþ (plural present second-person)
sundīgōdud (past plural second-person)
sundīgōnþ (plural present third-person)
sundīgōdun (past plural third-person)
sundīgōdī (first-person past singular)
sundīgōdī (past second-person singular)
sundīgō (present singular third-person)
sundīgōdī (past singular third-person)
sundīgōdīm (first-person past plural)
sundīgōdīd (past plural second-person)
sundīgōn (plural present third-person)
sundīgōdīn (past plural third-person)
sundīgō (present singular)
sundīgōþ (plural present)
sundīgōndī (participle present)
sundīgōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: syngian, syniġan, synniġan, sunnian
Middle English: synnen
English: sin
Scots: sin

desc

Old Frisian: sendigia, sindigia, sundigia, sondigia

West Frisian: sûndigje

Old Saxon: *sundigōn

Middle Low German: sündigen, sundigen, söndigen

desctree

Old Dutch: *sundigon
Middle Dutch: sondigen, sundigen
Dutch: zondigen

Old High German: *suntīgōn

Middle High German: sündigen, sundigen

German: sündigen


fardijōn

fardijōn (infinitive)
fardijōnijas (genitive infinitive)
fardijōnijē (dative infinitive)
fardijōniju (infinitive instrumental)
fardijō (first-person present singular)
fardijōdā (first-person past singular)
fardijōs (present second-person singular)
fardijōdēs (past second-person singular)
fardijōdōs (past second-person singular)
fardijōþ (present singular third-person)
fardijōdē (past singular third-person)
fardijōdā (past singular third-person)
fardijōm (first-person plural present)
fardijōdum (first-person past plural)
fardijōþ (plural present second-person)
fardijōdud (past plural second-person)
fardijōnþ (plural present third-person)
fardijōdun (past plural third-person)
fardijōdī (first-person past singular)
fardijōdī (past second-person singular)
fardijō (present singular third-person)
fardijōdī (past singular third-person)
fardijōdīm (first-person past plural)
fardijōdīd (past plural second-person)
fardijōn (plural present third-person)
fardijōdīn (past plural third-person)
fardijō (present singular)
fardijōþ (plural present)
fardijōndī (participle present)
fardijōd (participle past)
*fardōn (alternative)

Old English: fierdian, fyrdian

Middle English: ferden, furdien

Old Saxon: *fardōn

Middle Low German: *vārden

⇒ Middle Low German: hērvārden

⇒ Middle Low German: walvārden

Old High German: *fartōn, *fertion

Middle High German: verten, ferten

⇒ Old High German: anagifartōn

⇒ Old High German: gisamantfartōn

From Proto-Germanic *fardijōną, equivalent to *fardi (“journey”) + *-ōn.

aanvaarden

Middle Dutch: ānevarden, ānevāerden, āneverden, ānevēerden


grannjōn

grannjōn (infinitive)
grannjōnijas (genitive infinitive)
grannjōnijē (dative infinitive)
grannjōniju (infinitive instrumental)
grannjō (first-person present singular)
grannjōdā (first-person past singular)
grannjōs (present second-person singular)
grannjōdēs (past second-person singular)
grannjōdōs (past second-person singular)
grannjōþ (present singular third-person)
grannjōdē (past singular third-person)
grannjōdā (past singular third-person)
grannjōm (first-person plural present)
grannjōdum (first-person past plural)
grannjōþ (plural present second-person)
grannjōdud (past plural second-person)
grannjōnþ (plural present third-person)
grannjōdun (past plural third-person)
grannjōdī (first-person past singular)
grannjōdī (past second-person singular)
grannjō (present singular third-person)
grannjōdī (past singular third-person)
grannjōdīm (first-person past plural)
grannjōdīd (past plural second-person)
grannjōn (plural present third-person)
grannjōdīn (past plural third-person)
grannjō (present singular)
grannjōþ (plural present)
grannjōndī (participle present)
grannjōd (participle past)
*granjōn (alternative)
*granōn (alternative)

Old English: grennian

Middle English: grinnen

English: grin

Old Saxon: *grenōn, *grennōn

Middle Low German: *grēnen, *grennen

desc

⇒ Middle Low German: grēneken, grenneken

Old Dutch: *grenon, *grennon

Middle Dutch: grēnen

Dutch: grinnen

⇒ Middle Dutch: grēniken

Dutch: greniken, grinniken

Old High German: granōn, grennōn

Middle High German: granen, grannen, grennen, grinnen


reunōn

reunōn (infinitive)
reunōnijas (genitive infinitive)
reunōnijē (dative infinitive)
reunōniju (infinitive instrumental)
reunō (first-person present singular)
reunōdā (first-person past singular)
reunōs (present second-person singular)
reunōdēs (past second-person singular)
reunōdōs (past second-person singular)
reunōþ (present singular third-person)
reunōdē (past singular third-person)
reunōdā (past singular third-person)
reunōm (first-person plural present)
reunōdum (first-person past plural)
reunōþ (plural present second-person)
reunōdud (past plural second-person)
reunōnþ (plural present third-person)
reunōdun (past plural third-person)
reunōdī (first-person past singular)
reunōdī (past second-person singular)
reunō (present singular third-person)
reunōdī (past singular third-person)
reunōdīm (first-person past plural)
reunōdīd (past plural second-person)
reunōn (plural present third-person)
reunōdīn (past plural third-person)
reunō (present singular)
reunōþ (plural present)
reunōndī (participle present)
reunōd (participle past)

Old English: rēonian

⇒ Old English: ġerēonian

Old High German: *rionōn

Middle High German: rienen

From Proto-Indo-European *rewHn-, from *rewH, *rēwH- (“to roar, grumble, murmur”).


fnehan

fnehan (infinitive)
fnehannjas (genitive infinitive)
fnehannjē (dative infinitive)
fnehannju (infinitive instrumental)
fnehu (first-person present singular)
fnah (first-person past singular)
fnihiʀi (present second-person singular)
fnāgī (past second-person singular)
fnihidi (present singular third-person)
fnah (past singular third-person)
fnehum (first-person plural present)
fnāgum (first-person past plural)
fnihid (plural present second-person)
fnāgud (past plural second-person)
fnehand (plural present third-person)
fnāgun (past plural third-person)
fnehē (first-person present singular)
fnāgī (first-person past singular)
fnehēs (present second-person singular)
fnehē (present singular third-person)
fnāgī (past singular third-person)
fnehēm (first-person plural present)
fnāgīm (first-person past plural)
fnehēþ (plural present second-person)
fnāgīd (past plural second-person)
fnehēn (plural present third-person)
fnāgīn (past plural third-person)
fnih (present singular)
fnihid (plural present)
fnehandī (participle present)
fnegan (participle past)

Old High German: fnehan

Middle High German: pfnehen, phnehen, vnehen

Bavarian: pfnechen

From Proto-Germanic *fnehaną, from Proto-Indo-European *pneh₁u-, *pnew-.


fnoʀō

fnoʀō (nominative singular)
fnoʀan (nominative plural)
fnoʀan (accusative singular)
fnoʀan (accusative plural)
fnuʀini (genitive singular)
fnoʀan (genitive singular)
fnoʀanō (genitive plural)
fnuʀini (dative singular)
fnoʀan (dative singular)
fnoʀum (dative plural)
fnuʀini (instrumental singular)
fnoʀan (instrumental singular)
fnoʀum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: fnora
Middle English: snore, *fnore
English: snore
Scots: snore

From Proto-Germanic *fruzô, from Proto-Germanic *fneusaną.

snuorje

Old Frisian: *snuria, *snoria; West Frisian

⇒ Old English: *fnorettan

Old English: *fnorianMiddle English: fnoren, snorenEnglish: snoreScots: snore, snor, snorr, snurr, snoare

fnirtenMiddle English: snortenEnglish: snortScots: snort


wādōn

wādōn (infinitive)
wādōnijas (genitive infinitive)
wādōnijē (dative infinitive)
wādōniju (infinitive instrumental)
wādō (first-person present singular)
wādōdā (first-person past singular)
wādōs (present second-person singular)
wādōdēs (past second-person singular)
wādōdōs (past second-person singular)
wādōþ (present singular third-person)
wādōdē (past singular third-person)
wādōdā (past singular third-person)
wādōm (first-person plural present)
wādōdum (first-person past plural)
wādōþ (plural present second-person)
wādōdud (past plural second-person)
wādōnþ (plural present third-person)
wādōdun (past plural third-person)
wādōdī (first-person past singular)
wādōdī (past second-person singular)
wādō (present singular third-person)
wādōdī (past singular third-person)
wādōdīm (first-person past plural)
wādōdīd (past plural second-person)
wādōn (plural present third-person)
wādōdīn (past plural third-person)
wādō (present singular)
wādōþ (plural present)
wādōndī (participle present)
wādōd (participle past)

Old English: wǣdian

Old High German: wātōn

Middle High German: wāten


telgōn

telgōn (infinitive)
telgōnijas (genitive infinitive)
telgōnijē (dative infinitive)
telgōniju (infinitive instrumental)
telgō (first-person present singular)
telgōdā (first-person past singular)
telgōs (present second-person singular)
telgōdēs (past second-person singular)
telgōdōs (past second-person singular)
telgōþ (present singular third-person)
telgōdē (past singular third-person)
telgōdā (past singular third-person)
telgōm (first-person plural present)
telgōdum (first-person past plural)
telgōþ (plural present second-person)
telgōdud (past plural second-person)
telgōnþ (plural present third-person)
telgōdun (past plural third-person)
telgōdī (first-person past singular)
telgōdī (past second-person singular)
telgō (present singular third-person)
telgōdī (past singular third-person)
telgōdīm (first-person past plural)
telgōdīd (past plural second-person)
telgōn (plural present third-person)
telgōdīn (past plural third-person)
telgō (present singular)
telgōþ (plural present)
telgōndī (participle present)
telgōd (participle past)

Old English: telgian

desc

Middle English: *tilwen, *telwien, *telȝen

English: tillow

Old Saxon: *telgōn

Middle Low German: telgen, tellegen


midlōn

midlōn (infinitive)
midlōnijas (genitive infinitive)
midlōnijē (dative infinitive)
midlōniju (infinitive instrumental)
midlō (first-person present singular)
midlōdā (first-person past singular)
midlōs (present second-person singular)
midlōdēs (past second-person singular)
midlōdōs (past second-person singular)
midlōþ (present singular third-person)
midlōdē (past singular third-person)
midlōdā (past singular third-person)
midlōm (first-person plural present)
midlōdum (first-person past plural)
midlōþ (plural present second-person)
midlōdud (past plural second-person)
midlōnþ (plural present third-person)
midlōdun (past plural third-person)
midlōdī (first-person past singular)
midlōdī (past second-person singular)
midlō (present singular third-person)
midlōdī (past singular third-person)
midlōdīm (first-person past plural)
midlōdīd (past plural second-person)
midlōn (plural present third-person)
midlōdīn (past plural third-person)
midlō (present singular)
midlōþ (plural present)
midlōndī (participle present)
midlōd (participle past)

Old English: midlian

Middle English: middlen

English: middle

⇒ Scots: midling, midlin (adjective)

Old Frisian: *middelia

Saterland Frisian: middelje

West Frisian: middelje

Old Saxon: *middilōn

Middle Low German: middelen

German Low German: middeln

Old Dutch: *middilon

Middle Dutch: middelen

Dutch: middelen

⇒ Old Dutch: gimiddilon

Old High German: *mittilōn

Middle High German: mitteln, mittelen

German: mitteln

⇒? Old High German: mittilodōn

From Proto-Germanic *midlōną. Equivalent to *midl (“middle”) + *-ōn.

to join in the middle, to meet in between


saltastain

saltastain (nominative singular)
saltastainō (nominative plural)
saltastainōs (nominative plural)
saltastain (accusative singular)
saltastainā (accusative plural)
saltastainas (genitive singular)
saltastainō (genitive plural)
saltastainē (dative singular)
saltastainum (dative plural)
saltastainu (instrumental singular)
saltastainum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: sealtstān
Middle English: salt stan, salt ston, saltstone, salteston
English: saltstone
Scots: salt stane

Old Frisian: *saltstēn

West Frisian: sâltstien

Old Saxon: *saltstēn

Middle Low German: soltstên, soltstein

German Low German: Soltsteen

Old Dutch: *saltstēn

Middle Dutch: soutsteen

Dutch: zoutsteen

Old High German: salzstein

Middle High German: salzstein

German: Salzstein


pēsal

pēsal (nominative singular)
pēsalō (nominative plural)
pēsalōs (nominative plural)
pēsal (accusative singular)
pēsalā (accusative plural)
pēsalas (genitive singular)
pēsalō (genitive plural)
pēsalē (dative singular)
pēsalum (dative plural)
pēsalu (instrumental singular)
pēsalum (instrumental plural)

Old English: pīsle f

Old Frisian: pīsel, pīsle

Old Saxon: pēsal (“heated room; oven”)

Middle Low German: pīsel, pisel, pēsel

German Low German: Piasal

→ Danish: pisel, spisel

→ German: Pesel

→ Norwegian Bokmål: peis

→ Swedish: spis, spisel

Old Dutch: *pīsal

Middle Dutch: pīsel

Middle Dutch: pijzel

Old High German: pfiesal, pisile

Middle High German: pfiesel

East Central German: Pfiesl, Pfiesel

Borrowed from Medieval Latin piselis m, pisale n (“room with a fire-place, calefactory”), presumed from Latin pēnsilis m or f, pēnsile n (“hanging, suspended”).


gaainōn

gaainōn (infinitive)
gaainōnijas (genitive infinitive)
gaainōnijē (dative infinitive)
gaainōniju (infinitive instrumental)
gaainō (first-person present singular)
gaainōdā (first-person past singular)
gaainōs (present second-person singular)
gaainōdēs (past second-person singular)
gaainōdōs (past second-person singular)
gaainōþ (present singular third-person)
gaainōdē (past singular third-person)
gaainōdā (past singular third-person)
gaainōm (first-person plural present)
gaainōdum (first-person past plural)
gaainōþ (plural present second-person)
gaainōdud (past plural second-person)
gaainōnþ (plural present third-person)
gaainōdun (past plural third-person)
gaainōdī (first-person past singular)
gaainōdī (past second-person singular)
gaainō (present singular third-person)
gaainōdī (past singular third-person)
gaainōdīm (first-person past plural)
gaainōdīd (past plural second-person)
gaainōn (plural present third-person)
gaainōdīn (past plural third-person)
gaainō (present singular)
gaainōþ (plural present)
gaainōndī (participle present)
gaainōd (participle past)

Old English: ġeānian
Middle English: anen, onen (conflated with descendant of ānian)
English: one (verb)

Old Saxon: giēnōn

Old Dutch: giēnōn

Old High German: gieinōn

Middle High German: geeinen


bulluk

bulluk (nominative singular)
bullukō (nominative plural)
bullukōs (nominative plural)
bulluk (accusative singular)
bullukā (accusative plural)
bullukas (genitive singular)
bullukō (genitive plural)
bullukē (dative singular)
bullukum (dative plural)
bulluku (instrumental singular)
bullukum (instrumental plural)
*buluk (alternative)

Old English: bulluc

Middle English: bullok, bulluc, bollok, bolok
English: bullock
Scots: bullok

⇒ Old English: bulluca

Old Dutch: bullok, bulk (in placenames)

⇒ Old Dutch: Bulloksdam, Bulksdam


lampredu

lampredu (nominative singular)
lampredō (nominative plural)
lampredā (accusative singular)
lampredā (accusative plural)
lampredā (genitive singular)
lampredō (genitive plural)
lampredē (dative singular)
lampredōm (dative plural)
lampredum (dative plural)
lampredu (instrumental singular)
lampredōm (instrumental plural)
lampredum (instrumental plural)

Old English: lempedu, lamprēde

Middle English: lempet

English: limpet

Old Saxon: lamprītha

Middle Low German: lamprēde, lampreide

Old Dutch: lamprētha

Middle Dutch: lampreide, lampereide

desc

Old High German: lampfrīda, lantfrīda, lamprīda

Middle High German: lamprēde, lamprīde

German: Lamprete

Borrowed from Medieval Latin lampreda (“lamprey”).


kāmō

kāmō (nominative singular)
kāman (nominative plural)
kāman (accusative singular)
kāman (accusative plural)
kāmini (genitive singular)
kāman (genitive singular)
kāmanō (genitive plural)
kāmini (dative singular)
kāman (dative singular)
kāmum (dative plural)
kāmini (instrumental singular)
kāman (instrumental singular)
kāmum (instrumental plural)

Old English: cāma

Old High German: kāmo, kām

Middle High German: kām

Borrowed from Late Latin cāmus (“muzzle, snaffle”).

kāmbritel

Old High German: kāmbrittil; Middle High German


fundru

fundru (nominative singular)
fundrō (nominative plural)
fundrā (accusative singular)
fundrā (accusative plural)
fundrā (genitive singular)
fundrō (genitive plural)
fundrē (dative singular)
fundrōm (dative plural)
fundrum (dative plural)
fundru (instrumental singular)
fundrōm (instrumental plural)
fundrum (instrumental plural)
*fundlu (alternative)

Old Frisian: *fundre

West Frisian: funder

Old Saxon: *fundra

Middle Low German: vunder

Old Dutch: *fundra, *fundla

Middle Dutch: vondere, vondele

Dutch: vonder, (dialectal) vondel


birōkijan

birōkijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
birōkijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
birōkijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
birōkijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
birōkiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
birōkidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
birōkisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
birōkidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
birōkidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
birōkiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
birōkidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
birōkidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
birōkijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
birōkidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
birōkiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
birōkidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
birōkijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
birōkidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
birōkijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
birōkidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
birōkijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
birōkidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
birōkijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
birōkidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
birōkijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
birōkidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
birōkijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
birōkidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
birōkijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
birōkidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
birōki (class-1 present singular weak)
birōkiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
birōkijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
birōkid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *birōkian

Middle Low German: berôken, berö̂ken

⇒ Middle Low German: *berôkære

→ Old Frisian: birōker

Old High German: biruohhen, biruochen

Middle High German: beruochen, berūchen, peruochen, perūchen

⇒ Middle High German: beruochære

⇒ Middle High German: beruochunge, berūchunge


tōward

desctree

Old English: tōweard
Middle English: toward
English: toward
Scots: towart

Old Saxon: tōward

Middle Low German: tôwart

Old Dutch: *tōward, *tuoward

Middle Dutch: toewaert

Old High German: zuowart

Middle High German: zuowart, zūwart


smerēn

smerēn (infinitive)
smerēnijas (genitive infinitive)
smerēnijē (dative infinitive)
smerēniju (infinitive instrumental)
smerē (first-person present singular)
smer?dā (first-person past singular)
smerēs (present second-person singular)
smer?dēs (past second-person singular)
smerēþ (present singular third-person)
smer?dē (past singular third-person)
smer?dā (past singular third-person)
smerēm (first-person plural present)
smer?dum (first-person past plural)
smerēþ (plural present second-person)
smer?dud (past plural second-person)
smerēnþ (plural present third-person)
smer?dun (past plural third-person)
smer?dī (first-person past singular)
smer?dī (past second-person singular)
smerē (present singular third-person)
smer?dī (past singular third-person)
smer?dīm (first-person past plural)
smer?dīd (past plural second-person)
smerēn (plural present third-person)
smer?dīn (past plural third-person)
smerē (present singular)
smerēþ (plural present)
smerēndī (participle present)
smer?d (participle past)

Uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Germanic *smirāną (“to smile, laugh”); or an unattested strong verb *smeran, or from *smer (“mockery”) + *-ēn.


bismerēn

bismerēn (infinitive)
bismerēnijas (genitive infinitive)
bismerēnijē (dative infinitive)
bismerēniju (infinitive instrumental)
bismerē (first-person present singular)
bismer?dā (first-person past singular)
bismerēs (present second-person singular)
bismer?dēs (past second-person singular)
bismerēþ (present singular third-person)
bismer?dē (past singular third-person)
bismer?dā (past singular third-person)
bismerēm (first-person plural present)
bismer?dum (first-person past plural)
bismerēþ (plural present second-person)
bismer?dud (past plural second-person)
bismerēnþ (plural present third-person)
bismer?dun (past plural third-person)
bismer?dī (first-person past singular)
bismer?dī (past second-person singular)
bismerē (present singular third-person)
bismer?dī (past singular third-person)
bismer?dīm (first-person past plural)
bismer?dīd (past plural second-person)
bismerēn (plural present third-person)
bismer?dīn (past plural third-person)
bismerē (present singular)
bismerēþ (plural present)
bismerēndī (participle present)
bismer?d (participle past)


wīku

wīku (nominative singular)
wīkō (nominative plural)
wīkā (accusative singular)
wīkā (accusative plural)
wīkā (genitive singular)
wīkō (genitive plural)
wīkē (dative singular)
wīkōm (dative plural)
wīkum (dative plural)
wīku (instrumental singular)
wīkōm (instrumental plural)
wīkum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wīc

Old Frisian: wīk

Saterland Frisian: Wieke

West Frisian: wyk

Old Saxon: *wīka, *wīk

Middle Low German: wîk, wike

German Low German: Wieke, Wiek

Old Dutch: *wīk

Middle Dutch: wijc, wijk

Dutch: wijk


westawind

westawind (nominative singular)
westawindō (nominative plural)
westawindōs (nominative plural)
westawind (accusative singular)
westawindā (accusative plural)
westawindas (genitive singular)
westawindō (genitive plural)
westawindē (dative singular)
westawindum (dative plural)
westawindu (instrumental singular)
westawindum (instrumental plural)

Old English: westwind

Old Frisian: *westwind

desc

Saterland Frisian: Wästwíend, Wäästwíend

Old Saxon: *westwind

Middle Low German: westwint

German Low German: Westwind

→ German: Westwind

Old Dutch: westwint


lēbard

lēbard (nominative singular)
lēbardō (nominative plural)
lēbardōs (nominative plural)
lēbard (accusative singular)
lēbardā (accusative plural)
lēbardas (genitive singular)
lēbardō (genitive plural)
lēbardē (dative singular)
lēbardum (dative plural)
lēbardu (instrumental singular)
lēbardum (instrumental plural)

Old English: lēopard

q

Middle English: leopard, libard, lybard (partially from or displaced by Old French liepart, leopard (“panther”))

desc

English: leopard, (archaic) lybard, libbard

Old Saxon: *lēbard

Middle Low German: lêbārt, lêbōrt, lêbār, lêbāre

→ Old Norse: lēparðr

Old Dutch: *lēbard

Middle Dutch: liebaert, liebart, liebart, liebaert

q

Dutch: liebaard (“heraldic lion”) (compare luipaard (“panther”) from Old French)

Old High German: *liebart, *lēbart (-ē- perhaps taken from lēo (“lion”))

Middle High German: lēbart

desc

⇒ Old High German: liebarto, lēbarto, lēpardo

Middle High German: liebarte, liebart, lēbarte, lēparte, lēbart, lēwart

→ Czech: levhart

→ Old Polish: leward, lewart

desctree

Polish: lampart
→ Kashubian: lampart
→ Yiddish: לעמפּערט (lempert)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin lebardus, lepardus and Late Latin leopardus (“leopard”).


swestersunu

swestersunu (nominative singular)
swestersuniwi (nominative plural)
swestersunō (nominative plural)
swestersunu (accusative singular)
swestersunū (accusative plural)
swestersunō (genitive singular)
swestersuniwō (genitive plural)
swestersuniwi (dative singular)
swestersunō (dative singular)
swestersunum (dative plural)
swestersunu (instrumental singular)
swestersunum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sweostorsunu

desc

Middle English: sustersone, systerson, suster sune, suster sone, soster sone, sistur sun, sister sun

English: sisterson

Old Frisian: swestersunu

West Frisian: susterssoan

Old Saxon: *swestarsunu, *sustarsunu

Middle Low German: süstersȫne, sustersone, systersȫne

German Low German: Süsterssöhn

Old Dutch: *swestarsunu, *sustarsunu

Middle Dutch: sustersone

Dutch: zusterzoon

Old High German: swestersunu, sustersun

Middle High German: swestersun, swestersuon, swesterson

German: Schwestersohn

From Proto-Germanic *swestērsunuz, equivalent to *swester + *sunu.


þwerhōn

þwerhōn (infinitive)
þwerhōnijas (genitive infinitive)
þwerhōnijē (dative infinitive)
þwerhōniju (infinitive instrumental)
þwerhō (first-person present singular)
þwerhōdā (first-person past singular)
þwerhōs (present second-person singular)
þwerhōdēs (past second-person singular)
þwerhōdōs (past second-person singular)
þwerhōþ (present singular third-person)
þwerhōdē (past singular third-person)
þwerhōdā (past singular third-person)
þwerhōm (first-person plural present)
þwerhōdum (first-person past plural)
þwerhōþ (plural present second-person)
þwerhōdud (past plural second-person)
þwerhōnþ (plural present third-person)
þwerhōdun (past plural third-person)
þwerhōdī (first-person past singular)
þwerhōdī (past second-person singular)
þwerhō (present singular third-person)
þwerhōdī (past singular third-person)
þwerhōdīm (first-person past plural)
þwerhōdīd (past plural second-person)
þwerhōn (plural present third-person)
þwerhōdīn (past plural third-person)
þwerhō (present singular)
þwerhōþ (plural present)
þwerhōndī (participle present)
þwerhōd (participle past)

Old English: þweorian, þwȳrian

Middle English: thwiren

Old Saxon: *þwerhōn

Middle Low German: dwēren

Old High German: *dwerahōn

Middle High German: twerhen, zwerchen

German: queren

From Proto-Germanic *þwerhōną. Equivalent to *þwerh (“cross, adverse”) + *-ōn.


nepetā

nepetā (nominative singular)
nepetōn (nominative plural)
nepetōn (accusative singular)
nepetōn (accusative plural)
nepetōn (genitive singular)
nepetōnō (genitive plural)
nepetōn (dative singular)
nepetōm (dative plural)
nepetum (dative plural)
nepetōn (instrumental singular)
nepetōm (instrumental plural)
nepetum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: nepte, nefte, næpte
Middle English: nepte, neppe, nepe, nept
English: nep

Old Dutch: *nepita

Middle Dutch: nepte, nipte

Dutch: neppe, nippe

Old High German: nepita, nefta, nebeta

Middle High German: nifte


kwikwā

kwikwā (nominative singular)
kwikwōn (nominative plural)
kwikwōn (accusative singular)
kwikwōn (accusative plural)
kwikwōn (genitive singular)
kwikwōnō (genitive plural)
kwikwōn (dative singular)
kwikwōm (dative plural)
kwikwum (dative plural)
kwikwōn (instrumental singular)
kwikwōm (instrumental plural)
kwikwum (instrumental plural)

Old English: cwice
Middle English: quike, quyke, quich
English: quitch, couch
⇒ English: quitchgrass, couch grass
⇒ English: quickgrass, quackgrass
⇒ Early Scots: quickens
Scots: quickene, quicken

Old Frisian: *kwike

Saterland Frisian: Kwíeke

West Frisian: kwiik

Old Saxon: *kwika, *kweka, *kwekka

desc

Middle Low German: quecke, queyke, quēke, quēken

German Low German: Queek

Old Dutch: *kwika, *kweka, *kwekka

Middle Dutch: queke, quecke, queken

Dutch: kweek, kwekwe (dialectal), kwèkken (dialectal)

Afrikaans: kweek

→ West Frisian: kweek

Old High German: kwekka, quecka

Middle High German: quecke

German: Quecke


tehundōn

tehundōn (infinitive)
tehundōnijas (genitive infinitive)
tehundōnijē (dative infinitive)
tehundōniju (infinitive instrumental)
tehundō (first-person present singular)
tehundōdā (first-person past singular)
tehundōs (present second-person singular)
tehundōdēs (past second-person singular)
tehundōdōs (past second-person singular)
tehundōþ (present singular third-person)
tehundōdē (past singular third-person)
tehundōdā (past singular third-person)
tehundōm (first-person plural present)
tehundōdum (first-person past plural)
tehundōþ (plural present second-person)
tehundōdud (past plural second-person)
tehundōnþ (plural present third-person)
tehundōdun (past plural third-person)
tehundōdī (first-person past singular)
tehundōdī (past second-person singular)
tehundō (present singular third-person)
tehundōdī (past singular third-person)
tehundōdīm (first-person past plural)
tehundōdīd (past plural second-person)
tehundōn (plural present third-person)
tehundōdīn (past plural third-person)
tehundō (present singular)
tehundōþ (plural present)
tehundōndī (participle present)
tehundōd (participle past)
*tehunþōn (alternative)
*tegunþōn (alternative)

Old English: tēoþian, teogoþian

desctree

Middle English: tithen, teþen, teythe, tiþe, tiþen, tythe, tythen, tyþin, teðien, teoheðien, teouðen, teþegen, tiheðen
English: tithe

Old Saxon: *tehandōn, tegathōn

desc

Middle Low German: tēnden, tīenden, tēgeden, tēgen

Old Dutch: *tiandon

Middle Dutch: tienden

Dutch: tienden

Old High German: *zehandōn

Middle High German: zehenden

From Proto-Germanic *tehundōną. Equivalent to *tehundō (“tenth”) + *-ōn.

to pay a tithe, to pay a tenth of something

to receive a tithe, to receive a tenth of something


faderōn

faderōn (infinitive)
faderōnijas (genitive infinitive)
faderōnijē (dative infinitive)
faderōniju (infinitive instrumental)
faderō (first-person present singular)
faderōdā (first-person past singular)
faderōs (present second-person singular)
faderōdēs (past second-person singular)
faderōdōs (past second-person singular)
faderōþ (present singular third-person)
faderōdē (past singular third-person)
faderōdā (past singular third-person)
faderōm (first-person plural present)
faderōdum (first-person past plural)
faderōþ (plural present second-person)
faderōdud (past plural second-person)
faderōnþ (plural present third-person)
faderōdun (past plural third-person)
faderōdī (first-person past singular)
faderōdī (past second-person singular)
faderō (present singular third-person)
faderōdī (past singular third-person)
faderōdīm (first-person past plural)
faderōdīd (past plural second-person)
faderōn (plural present third-person)
faderōdīn (past plural third-person)
faderō (present singular)
faderōþ (plural present)
faderōndī (participle present)
faderōd (participle past)

Old English: *fædrian

Middle English: faderen

English: father

⇒ Old English: ġefædrian

Old Saxon: *fadarōn

Middle Low German: vadderen, fadderen, vāderen

Old Dutch: *fadaron

Middle Dutch: vāderen

Dutch: vaderen


obarōn

obarōn (infinitive)
obarōnijas (genitive infinitive)
obarōnijē (dative infinitive)
obarōniju (infinitive instrumental)
obarō (first-person present singular)
obarōdā (first-person past singular)
obarōs (present second-person singular)
obarōdēs (past second-person singular)
obarōdōs (past second-person singular)
obarōþ (present singular third-person)
obarōdē (past singular third-person)
obarōdā (past singular third-person)
obarōm (first-person plural present)
obarōdum (first-person past plural)
obarōþ (plural present second-person)
obarōdud (past plural second-person)
obarōnþ (plural present third-person)
obarōdun (past plural third-person)
obarōdī (first-person past singular)
obarōdī (past second-person singular)
obarō (present singular third-person)
obarōdī (past singular third-person)
obarōdīm (first-person past plural)
obarōdīd (past plural second-person)
obarōn (plural present third-person)
obarōdīn (past plural third-person)
obarō (present singular)
obarōþ (plural present)
obarōndī (participle present)
obarōd (participle past)

Old English: oferian, uferian

Old Saxon: *ovarōn

Middle Low German: ȫveren, ōveren

desctree

Old Dutch: *overon
Middle Dutch: ōveren
Dutch: overen

Old High German: obarōn

Middle High German: oberen, überen

From Proto-Germanic *uberōną. Equivalent to *obar (“over”) + *-ōn.


flētimā

flētimā (nominative singular)
flētimōn (nominative plural)
flētimōn (accusative singular)
flētimōn (accusative plural)
flētimōn (genitive singular)
flētimōnō (genitive plural)
flētimōn (dative singular)
flētimōm (dative plural)
flētimum (dative plural)
flētimōn (instrumental singular)
flētimōm (instrumental plural)
flētimum (instrumental plural)

Old English: flītme, flȳtme

Old Saxon: flietma

desc

Middle Low German: vlēteme, vlētem, vlētme, vlēte, vleetme, vlētene, vlētne

Old Dutch: flietima

Old High German: fliedima, fliodema, fliotema

Middle High German: vliedeme, fliedeme, flieteme, flietine, fliete, fleitem, fliet

desctree

German: Fliete, Fliede f, Flieten m
→ German Low German: Fliete

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin fletoma (“lancet, bistoury, fleam”), from Late Latin flebotomus, phlebotomus.


jukōn

jukōn (infinitive)
jukōnijas (genitive infinitive)
jukōnijē (dative infinitive)
jukōniju (infinitive instrumental)
jukō (first-person present singular)
jukōdā (first-person past singular)
jukōs (present second-person singular)
jukōdēs (past second-person singular)
jukōdōs (past second-person singular)
jukōþ (present singular third-person)
jukōdē (past singular third-person)
jukōdā (past singular third-person)
jukōm (first-person plural present)
jukōdum (first-person past plural)
jukōþ (plural present second-person)
jukōdud (past plural second-person)
jukōnþ (plural present third-person)
jukōdun (past plural third-person)
jukōdī (first-person past singular)
jukōdī (past second-person singular)
jukō (present singular third-person)
jukōdī (past singular third-person)
jukōdīm (first-person past plural)
jukōdīd (past plural second-person)
jukōn (plural present third-person)
jukōdīn (past plural third-person)
jukō (present singular)
jukōþ (plural present)
jukōndī (participle present)
jukōd (participle past)

Old English: ġeocian

desctree

Middle English: yoken, ȝeokyn, ȝoke, ȝoken, ȝokke, jockyn, yoke
English: yoke
Scots: yoke

Old Saxon: *jukōn

Middle Low German: jȫken, jōken

Old Dutch: *jukon

Middle Dutch: jōken, jocken, jucken

Dutch: jukken

Old High German: *johhōn

Middle High German: jochen

German: jochen

From Proto-Germanic *jukōną. Equivalent to *juk (“yoke”) + *-ōn.


krikō

krikō (nominative singular)
krikan (nominative plural)
krikan (accusative singular)
krikan (accusative plural)
krikini (genitive singular)
krikan (genitive singular)
krikanō (genitive plural)
krikini (dative singular)
krikan (dative singular)
krikum (dative plural)
krikini (instrumental singular)
krikan (instrumental singular)
krikum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *creca
Middle English: creke, creake
English: creek
Scots: creik, creick
→ Medieval Latin: creca (Anglo-Latin)

⇒ Old English: crecca

→ Medieval Latin: crecca (Anglo-Latin)

Old Frisian: *kreka m, *kreke f

desc

West Frisian: kreek, kriek, krieke, kryk m or f, kriik m or f or n

Old Dutch: *criko m, crika, creka f

Middle Dutch: creke

Dutch: kreek

From Proto-Germanic *krikô, related to Proto-Germanic *krikaz.


kollārī

kollārī (nominative singular)
kollārijō (nominative plural)
kollārijōs (nominative plural)
kollārī (accusative singular)
kollārijā (accusative plural)
kollārijas (genitive singular)
kollārijō (genitive plural)
kollārijē (dative singular)
kollārijum (dative plural)
kollāriju (instrumental singular)
kollārijum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: kolliri (“buff coat, gorget”)

Middle Low German: koller, köller, kolder, kollert

German Low German: Köster

Old Dutch: *kollāri

Middle Dutch: kolre, koller (“collar, cuirass”)

Dutch: kolder, (archaic) culder

Old High German: kollāri, kollari, kollīri (“collar, gorget”)

Middle High German: kolre, koller

German: Koller (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin collāre, collārium (“gorget, collar”).


bulkijan

bulkijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
bulkijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
bulkijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
bulkijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
bulkiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bulkidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bulkisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bulkidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bulkidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bulkiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bulkidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bulkidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bulkijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bulkidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bulkiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bulkidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bulkijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bulkidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bulkijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bulkidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bulkijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bulkidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bulkijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bulkidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bulkijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bulkidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bulkijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bulkidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bulkijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bulkidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bulki (class-1 present singular weak)
bulkiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
bulkijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
bulkid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *bulcian, *bolcian (<*bulkēn)

Middle English: bulken, bolken

English: bolk, boak

Scots: bowk, bouk

Old Saxon: *bolkian

Middle Low German: bolken, bölken

German Low German: bölken

→ Saterland Frisian: bölkje

Old Dutch: *bulken

Middle Dutch: *bulken

Dutch: bulken


metag

metag (masculine nominative singular)
metagu (feminine nominative singular)
metag (neuter nominative singular)
metaganā (accusative masculine singular)
metagā (accusative feminine singular)
metag (accusative neuter singular)
metagas (genitive masculine singular)
metageʀā (feminine genitive singular)
metagas (genitive neuter singular)
metagumē (dative masculine singular)
metageʀē (dative feminine singular)
metagumē (dative neuter singular)
metagu (instrumental masculine singular)
metageʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
metagu (instrumental neuter singular)
metagē (masculine nominative plural)
metagō (feminine nominative plural)
metagu (neuter nominative plural)
metagā (accusative masculine plural)
metagā (accusative feminine plural)
metagu (accusative neuter plural)
metageʀō (genitive masculine plural)
metageʀō (feminine genitive plural)
metageʀō (genitive neuter plural)
metagēm (dative masculine plural)
metagum (dative masculine plural)
metagēm (dative feminine plural)
metagum (dative feminine plural)
metagēm (dative neuter plural)
metagum (dative neuter plural)
metagēm (instrumental masculine plural)
metagum (instrumental masculine plural)
metagēm (feminine instrumental plural)
metagum (feminine instrumental plural)
metagēm (instrumental neuter plural)
metagum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Saxon: *metag

Middle Low German: mētich


metagōn

metagōn (infinitive)
metagōnijas (genitive infinitive)
metagōnijē (dative infinitive)
metagōniju (infinitive instrumental)
metagō (first-person present singular)
metagōdā (first-person past singular)
metagōs (present second-person singular)
metagōdēs (past second-person singular)
metagōdōs (past second-person singular)
metagōþ (present singular third-person)
metagōdē (past singular third-person)
metagōdā (past singular third-person)
metagōm (first-person plural present)
metagōdum (first-person past plural)
metagōþ (plural present second-person)
metagōdud (past plural second-person)
metagōnþ (plural present third-person)
metagōdun (past plural third-person)
metagōdī (first-person past singular)
metagōdī (past second-person singular)
metagō (present singular third-person)
metagōdī (past singular third-person)
metagōdīm (first-person past plural)
metagōdīd (past plural second-person)
metagōn (plural present third-person)
metagōdīn (past plural third-person)
metagō (present singular)
metagōþ (plural present)
metagōndī (participle present)
metagōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: metegian, metgian
Middle English: meteȝiæn

Old Frisian: metigia

Old Saxon: *metigōn

Middle Low German: mētigen, mētegen

From *metag (“measured, moderate”) + *-ōn.

(North Sea Germanic) to moderate, determine measure


hrinþiʀ

hrinþiʀ (nominative singular)
hrinþiʀō (nominative plural)
hrinþiʀōs (nominative plural)
hrinþiʀ (accusative singular)
hrinþiʀā (accusative plural)
hrinþiʀas (genitive singular)
hrinþiʀō (genitive plural)
hrinþiʀē (dative singular)
hrinþiʀum (dative plural)
hrinþiʀu (instrumental singular)
hrinþiʀum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hrīþer, hrūþer, hrȳþer
Middle English: rother, reother, rither, rether
English: rother

Old Frisian: hrīther, hrēther
North Frisian: ridder
West Frisian: rier

Rebuilt from *hrinþiʀu, nominative plural of *hrinþ (“head of cattle”).


oblātijā

oblātijā (nominative singular)
oblātijōn (nominative plural)
oblātijōn (accusative singular)
oblātijōn (accusative plural)
oblātijōn (genitive singular)
oblātijōnō (genitive plural)
oblātijōn (dative singular)
oblātijōm (dative plural)
oblātijum (dative plural)
oblātijōn (instrumental singular)
oblātijōm (instrumental plural)
oblātijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: oflǣte, ofelēte, oflāte

→ Old Norse: oflætr

→ Old Swedish: oflæte

Old Saxon: *oblāta, *oblātia

desc

Middle Low German: oblāte, ovelte, ōvelte

Old High German: oblāta

Middle High German: oblāte, ovelāte

Borrowed from Latin oblātiō (“offering, gift, oblation”).


elunā

elunā (nominative singular)
elunōn (nominative plural)
elunōn (accusative singular)
elunōn (accusative plural)
elunōn (genitive singular)
elunōnō (genitive plural)
elunōn (dative singular)
elunōm (dative plural)
elunum (dative plural)
elunōn (instrumental singular)
elunōm (instrumental plural)
elunum (instrumental plural)

desc

Old English: elene, eolone, elone, eolene, heolene

desctree

⇒ Old English: horselene, horshelene, horselne
Middle English: horsehelne, horselle, horsel, horshele
English: horseheal

Old High German: *eluna

Middle High German: elna

Borrowed from Medieval Latin enula, from Latin inula (“elecampane”), with sonorant metathesis under the influence of Medieval Latin helenium (“elecampane”) and native *aland (“elecampane”).


mattā

mattā (nominative singular)
mattōn (nominative plural)
mattōn (accusative singular)
mattōn (accusative plural)
mattōn (genitive singular)
mattōnō (genitive plural)
mattōn (dative singular)
mattōm (dative plural)
mattum (dative plural)
mattōn (instrumental singular)
mattōm (instrumental plural)
mattum (instrumental plural)

Old English: meatte, matte, meatta, meatt, matt
Middle English: matte, mat
English: mat (see there for further descendants)
Scots: mat

Old Saxon: *matta

Middle Low German: matte, mat

→ Danish: måtte
→ Faroese: motta
→ Icelandic: motta

→ Norwegian: matte

→ Old Swedish: matta

Swedish: matta (see there for further descendants)

Old Dutch: *matta

Middle Dutch: matte

Dutch: mat (see there for further descendants)

Old High German: matta

Middle High German: matte, mate, matze

German: Matte

→ Polish: mata


biwarōn

biwarōn (infinitive)
biwarōnijas (genitive infinitive)
biwarōnijē (dative infinitive)
biwarōniju (infinitive instrumental)
biwarō (first-person present singular)
biwarōdā (first-person past singular)
biwarōs (present second-person singular)
biwarōdēs (past second-person singular)
biwarōdōs (past second-person singular)
biwarōþ (present singular third-person)
biwarōdē (past singular third-person)
biwarōdā (past singular third-person)
biwarōm (first-person plural present)
biwarōdum (first-person past plural)
biwarōþ (plural present second-person)
biwarōdud (past plural second-person)
biwarōnþ (plural present third-person)
biwarōdun (past plural third-person)
biwarōdī (first-person past singular)
biwarōdī (past second-person singular)
biwarō (present singular third-person)
biwarōdī (past singular third-person)
biwarōdīm (first-person past plural)
biwarōdīd (past plural second-person)
biwarōn (plural present third-person)
biwarōdīn (past plural third-person)
biwarō (present singular)
biwarōþ (plural present)
biwarōndī (participle present)
biwarōd (participle past)

Old English: bewarian
Middle English: bewar (influenced by periphrastic constructions)
English: beware (partially)
Scots: bewar, beware (partially)

Old Frisian: biwaria

Saterland Frisian: biwoarje

West Frisian: bewearje

Old Saxon: *biwarōn

Middle Low German: bewāren

German Low German: bewahren

Old Dutch: biwaron

Middle Dutch: bewaren

Dutch: bewaren

Old High German: biwarōn

Middle High German: bewaren, bewarn

German: bewahren


bifastijan

bifastijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
bifastijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
bifastijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
bifastijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
bifastiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bifastidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bifastisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bifastidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bifastidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bifastiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bifastidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bifastidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bifastijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bifastidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bifastiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bifastidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bifastijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bifastidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bifastijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bifastidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bifastijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bifastidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bifastijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bifastidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bifastijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bifastidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bifastijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bifastidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bifastijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bifastidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bifasti (class-1 present singular weak)
bifastiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
bifastijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
bifastid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: befæstan
Middle English: befasten, bifesten
English: befast

Old Frisian: bifesta

Old Saxon: *bifestian

Middle Low German: bevesten

→ Danish: befæste

→ Norwegian: befeste

Old Dutch: *bifesten

Middle Dutch: bevesten

Dutch: bevesten

Old High German: bifesten

Middle High German: bevesten

German: befesten


bifastinōn

bifastinōn (infinitive)
bifastinōnijas (genitive infinitive)
bifastinōnijē (dative infinitive)
bifastinōniju (infinitive instrumental)
bifastinō (first-person present singular)
bifastinōdā (first-person past singular)
bifastinōs (present second-person singular)
bifastinōdēs (past second-person singular)
bifastinōdōs (past second-person singular)
bifastinōþ (present singular third-person)
bifastinōdē (past singular third-person)
bifastinōdā (past singular third-person)
bifastinōm (first-person plural present)
bifastinōdum (first-person past plural)
bifastinōþ (plural present second-person)
bifastinōdud (past plural second-person)
bifastinōnþ (plural present third-person)
bifastinōdun (past plural third-person)
bifastinōdī (first-person past singular)
bifastinōdī (past second-person singular)
bifastinō (present singular third-person)
bifastinōdī (past singular third-person)
bifastinōdīm (first-person past plural)
bifastinōdīd (past plural second-person)
bifastinōn (plural present third-person)
bifastinōdīn (past plural third-person)
bifastinō (present singular)
bifastinōþ (plural present)
bifastinōndī (participle present)
bifastinōd (participle past)

Old English: befæstnian

Old Frisian: bifestnia

Old Saxon: *bifestinōn

Middle Low German: bevestenen

Old High German: bifestinōn

desc

Middle High German: bevestenen, befestenen

German: befestnen


klukkwōn

klukkwōn (infinitive)
klukkwōnijas (genitive infinitive)
klukkwōnijē (dative infinitive)
klukkwōniju (infinitive instrumental)
klukkwō (first-person present singular)
klukkwōdā (first-person past singular)
klukkwōs (present second-person singular)
klukkwōdēs (past second-person singular)
klukkwōdōs (past second-person singular)
klukkwōþ (present singular third-person)
klukkwōdē (past singular third-person)
klukkwōdā (past singular third-person)
klukkwōm (first-person plural present)
klukkwōdum (first-person past plural)
klukkwōþ (plural present second-person)
klukkwōdud (past plural second-person)
klukkwōnþ (plural present third-person)
klukkwōdun (past plural third-person)
klukkwōdī (first-person past singular)
klukkwōdī (past second-person singular)
klukkwō (present singular third-person)
klukkwōdī (past singular third-person)
klukkwōdīm (first-person past plural)
klukkwōdīd (past plural second-person)
klukkwōn (plural present third-person)
klukkwōdīn (past plural third-person)
klukkwō (present singular)
klukkwōþ (plural present)
klukkwōndī (participle present)
klukkwōd (participle past)

Old English: cloccian, cluccian

desctree

Middle English: clokken, clocken, cloken, clokkyn
English: clock; cluck
Middle Scots: clock, cloik
Scots: clock, cloak

Old Saxon: *klukkōn

Middle Low German: klucken

Low German: klucken

Old Dutch: *klukkōn

Middle Dutch: clocken

Dutch: klokken

Old High German: klokkōn, klokkēn

Middle High German: klucken

Cimbrian: khlukhan

German: klucken

⇒ Middle High German: glucken (by dissimilation)

German: glucken


frijōd

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


frijōd

frijōd (masculine nominative singular)
frijōdu (feminine nominative singular)
frijōd (neuter nominative singular)
frijōdanā (accusative masculine singular)
frijōdā (accusative feminine singular)
frijōd (accusative neuter singular)
frijōdas (genitive masculine singular)
frijōdeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
frijōdas (genitive neuter singular)
frijōdumē (dative masculine singular)
frijōdeʀē (dative feminine singular)
frijōdumē (dative neuter singular)
frijōdu (instrumental masculine singular)
frijōdeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
frijōdu (instrumental neuter singular)
frijōdē (masculine nominative plural)
frijōdō (feminine nominative plural)
frijōdu (neuter nominative plural)
frijōdā (accusative masculine plural)
frijōdā (accusative feminine plural)
frijōdu (accusative neuter plural)
frijōdeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
frijōdeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
frijōdeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
frijōdēm (dative masculine plural)
frijōdum (dative masculine plural)
frijōdēm (dative feminine plural)
frijōdum (dative feminine plural)
frijōdēm (dative neuter plural)
frijōdum (dative neuter plural)
frijōdēm (instrumental masculine plural)
frijōdum (instrumental masculine plural)
frijōdēm (feminine instrumental plural)
frijōdum (feminine instrumental plural)
frijōdēm (instrumental neuter plural)
frijōdum (instrumental neuter plural)


friþil

friþil (nominative singular)
friþilō (nominative plural)
friþilōs (nominative plural)
friþil (accusative singular)
friþilā (accusative plural)
friþilas (genitive singular)
friþilō (genitive plural)
friþilē (dative singular)
friþilum (dative plural)
friþilu (instrumental singular)
friþilum (instrumental plural)

>? Old Saxon: *frithil

desc

from this if secondary length ī, ē; otherwise < <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmw-pro">*frijōdil</i>

>? Middle Low German: vridel, vredel (from this if secondary length ī, ē; otherwise < *frijōdil)

desctree

Old High German: fridil
>? Middle High German: vridel (from this if short i; otherwise < *frijōdil)
(German: Friedel)

From Proto-Germanic *friþilaz. Equivalent to *friþu (“peace”) + *-il.


bredwōn

bredwōn (infinitive)
bredwōnijas (genitive infinitive)
bredwōnijē (dative infinitive)
bredwōniju (infinitive instrumental)
bredwō (first-person present singular)
bredwōdā (first-person past singular)
bredwōs (present second-person singular)
bredwōdēs (past second-person singular)
bredwōdōs (past second-person singular)
bredwōþ (present singular third-person)
bredwōdē (past singular third-person)
bredwōdā (past singular third-person)
bredwōm (first-person plural present)
bredwōdum (first-person past plural)
bredwōþ (plural present second-person)
bredwōdud (past plural second-person)
bredwōnþ (plural present third-person)
bredwōdun (past plural third-person)
bredwōdī (first-person past singular)
bredwōdī (past second-person singular)
bredwō (present singular third-person)
bredwōdī (past singular third-person)
bredwōdīm (first-person past plural)
bredwōdīd (past plural second-person)
bredwōn (plural present third-person)
bredwōdīn (past plural third-person)
bredwō (present singular)
bredwōþ (plural present)
bredwōndī (participle present)
bredwōd (participle past)

desc

Old English: breodwian, breodian, *bredwian

⇒ Old English: abredwian

Old High German: bretōn


hūpōn

hūpōn (infinitive)
hūpōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hūpōnijē (dative infinitive)
hūpōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hūpō (first-person present singular)
hūpōdā (first-person past singular)
hūpōs (present second-person singular)
hūpōdēs (past second-person singular)
hūpōdōs (past second-person singular)
hūpōþ (present singular third-person)
hūpōdē (past singular third-person)
hūpōdā (past singular third-person)
hūpōm (first-person plural present)
hūpōdum (first-person past plural)
hūpōþ (plural present second-person)
hūpōdud (past plural second-person)
hūpōnþ (plural present third-person)
hūpōdun (past plural third-person)
hūpōdī (first-person past singular)
hūpōdī (past second-person singular)
hūpō (present singular third-person)
hūpōdī (past singular third-person)
hūpōdīm (first-person past plural)
hūpōdīd (past plural second-person)
hūpōn (plural present third-person)
hūpōdīn (past plural third-person)
hūpō (present singular)
hūpōþ (plural present)
hūpōndī (participle present)
hūpōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *hūpon

Middle Low German: hūpen

Old High German: hūfōn

Middle High German: hūfen


skarinōn

skarinōn (infinitive)
skarinōnijas (genitive infinitive)
skarinōnijē (dative infinitive)
skarinōniju (infinitive instrumental)
skarinō (first-person present singular)
skarinōdā (first-person past singular)
skarinōs (present second-person singular)
skarinōdēs (past second-person singular)
skarinōdōs (past second-person singular)
skarinōþ (present singular third-person)
skarinōdē (past singular third-person)
skarinōdā (past singular third-person)
skarinōm (first-person plural present)
skarinōdum (first-person past plural)
skarinōþ (plural present second-person)
skarinōdud (past plural second-person)
skarinōnþ (plural present third-person)
skarinōdun (past plural third-person)
skarinōdī (first-person past singular)
skarinōdī (past second-person singular)
skarinō (present singular third-person)
skarinōdī (past singular third-person)
skarinōdīm (first-person past plural)
skarinōdīd (past plural second-person)
skarinōn (plural present third-person)
skarinōdīn (past plural third-person)
skarinō (present singular)
skarinōþ (plural present)
skarinōndī (participle present)
skarinōd (participle past)

Old Dutch: *skernon

Middle Dutch: schērenen, schēernen, schernen

Old High German: skernōn

Middle High German: schernen

→ Old French: scharnir, schernir

→ Middle English: scornen, schornen

English: scorn

From the stem of *skeran (“to shear”) + *-inōn.

beschernen

Old Saxon: *biskernōn; Middle Low German

beschernen

Old High German: *biskernōn; Middle High German


lībahaftīgōn

lībahaftīgōn (infinitive)
lībahaftīgōnijas (genitive infinitive)
lībahaftīgōnijē (dative infinitive)
lībahaftīgōniju (infinitive instrumental)
lībahaftīgō (first-person present singular)
lībahaftīgōdā (first-person past singular)
lībahaftīgōs (present second-person singular)
lībahaftīgōdēs (past second-person singular)
lībahaftīgōdōs (past second-person singular)
lībahaftīgōþ (present singular third-person)
lībahaftīgōdē (past singular third-person)
lībahaftīgōdā (past singular third-person)
lībahaftīgōm (first-person plural present)
lībahaftīgōdum (first-person past plural)
lībahaftīgōþ (plural present second-person)
lībahaftīgōdud (past plural second-person)
lībahaftīgōnþ (plural present third-person)
lībahaftīgōdun (past plural third-person)
lībahaftīgōdī (first-person past singular)
lībahaftīgōdī (past second-person singular)
lībahaftīgō (present singular third-person)
lībahaftīgōdī (past singular third-person)
lībahaftīgōdīm (first-person past plural)
lībahaftīgōdīd (past plural second-person)
lībahaftīgōn (plural present third-person)
lībahaftīgōdīn (past plural third-person)
lībahaftīgō (present singular)
lībahaftīgōþ (plural present)
lībahaftīgōndī (participle present)
lībahaftīgōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *līfhaftīgōn

Middle Low German: līfhaftigen

Old High German: lībhaftīgōn

Middle High German: līphaftigen

From *lībahaftīg (“lively, bodily”) + *-ōn.


lībahaftōn

lībahaftōn (infinitive)
lībahaftōnijas (genitive infinitive)
lībahaftōnijē (dative infinitive)
lībahaftōniju (infinitive instrumental)
lībahaftō (first-person present singular)
lībahaftōdā (first-person past singular)
lībahaftōs (present second-person singular)
lībahaftōdēs (past second-person singular)
lībahaftōdōs (past second-person singular)
lībahaftōþ (present singular third-person)
lībahaftōdē (past singular third-person)
lībahaftōdā (past singular third-person)
lībahaftōm (first-person plural present)
lībahaftōdum (first-person past plural)
lībahaftōþ (plural present second-person)
lībahaftōdud (past plural second-person)
lībahaftōnþ (plural present third-person)
lībahaftōdun (past plural third-person)
lībahaftōdī (first-person past singular)
lībahaftōdī (past second-person singular)
lībahaftō (present singular third-person)
lībahaftōdī (past singular third-person)
lībahaftōdīm (first-person past plural)
lībahaftōdīd (past plural second-person)
lībahaftōn (plural present third-person)
lībahaftōdīn (past plural third-person)
lībahaftō (present singular)
lībahaftōþ (plural present)
lībahaftōndī (participle present)
lībahaftōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *līfhaftōn

Middle Low German: līfhaften

Old High German: *lībhaftōn

Middle High German: līphaften

⇒ Old High German: gilībhaftōn

From *lībahaft (“lively, bodily”) + *-ōn.


hunagōn

hunagōn (infinitive)
hunagōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hunagōnijē (dative infinitive)
hunagōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hunagō (first-person present singular)
hunagōdā (first-person past singular)
hunagōs (present second-person singular)
hunagōdēs (past second-person singular)
hunagōdōs (past second-person singular)
hunagōþ (present singular third-person)
hunagōdē (past singular third-person)
hunagōdā (past singular third-person)
hunagōm (first-person plural present)
hunagōdum (first-person past plural)
hunagōþ (plural present second-person)
hunagōdud (past plural second-person)
hunagōnþ (plural present third-person)
hunagōdun (past plural third-person)
hunagōdī (first-person past singular)
hunagōdī (past second-person singular)
hunagō (present singular third-person)
hunagōdī (past singular third-person)
hunagōdīm (first-person past plural)
hunagōdīd (past plural second-person)
hunagōn (plural present third-person)
hunagōdīn (past plural third-person)
hunagō (present singular)
hunagōþ (plural present)
hunagōndī (participle present)
hunagōd (participle past)

Old English: *huniġian

q

Middle English: *honien (attested in the past participle honied)

English: honey

Old Saxon: *hunegōn

Middle Low German: hōnigen, honnigen

Old Dutch: *honagon

Middle Dutch: *hōnigen (attested in the past participle gehōnicht)

Dutch: honigen (obsolete)

Old High German: honagōn

desc

Middle High German: honegen, honigen, hongen


irʀijōn

irʀijōn (infinitive)
irʀijōnijas (genitive infinitive)
irʀijōnijē (dative infinitive)
irʀijōniju (infinitive instrumental)
irʀijō (first-person present singular)
irʀijōdā (first-person past singular)
irʀijōs (present second-person singular)
irʀijōdēs (past second-person singular)
irʀijōdōs (past second-person singular)
irʀijōþ (present singular third-person)
irʀijōdē (past singular third-person)
irʀijōdā (past singular third-person)
irʀijōm (first-person plural present)
irʀijōdum (first-person past plural)
irʀijōþ (plural present second-person)
irʀijōdud (past plural second-person)
irʀijōnþ (plural present third-person)
irʀijōdun (past plural third-person)
irʀijōdī (first-person past singular)
irʀijōdī (past second-person singular)
irʀijō (present singular third-person)
irʀijōdī (past singular third-person)
irʀijōdīm (first-person past plural)
irʀijōdīd (past plural second-person)
irʀijōn (plural present third-person)
irʀijōdīn (past plural third-person)
irʀijō (present singular)
irʀijōþ (plural present)
irʀijōndī (participle present)
irʀijōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: irrōn

Old Dutch: *irron

Middle Dutch: erren

Old High German: irrōn, irreōn, irrēn

Middle High German: irren

German: irren

→ Swedish: irra

Luxembourgish: iren


fragetul

fragetul (masculine nominative singular)
fragetulu (feminine nominative singular)
fragetul (neuter nominative singular)
fragetulanā (accusative masculine singular)
fragetulā (accusative feminine singular)
fragetul (accusative neuter singular)
fragetulas (genitive masculine singular)
fragetuleʀā (feminine genitive singular)
fragetulas (genitive neuter singular)
fragetulumē (dative masculine singular)
fragetuleʀē (dative feminine singular)
fragetulumē (dative neuter singular)
fragetulu (instrumental masculine singular)
fragetuleʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
fragetulu (instrumental neuter singular)
fragetulē (masculine nominative plural)
fragetulō (feminine nominative plural)
fragetulu (neuter nominative plural)
fragetulā (accusative masculine plural)
fragetulā (accusative feminine plural)
fragetulu (accusative neuter plural)
fragetuleʀō (genitive masculine plural)
fragetuleʀō (feminine genitive plural)
fragetuleʀō (genitive neuter plural)
fragetulēm (dative masculine plural)
fragetulum (dative masculine plural)
fragetulēm (dative feminine plural)
fragetulum (dative feminine plural)
fragetulēm (dative neuter plural)
fragetulum (dative neuter plural)
fragetulēm (instrumental masculine plural)
fragetulum (instrumental masculine plural)
fragetulēm (feminine instrumental plural)
fragetulum (feminine instrumental plural)
fragetulēm (instrumental neuter plural)
fragetulum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: forġitel, forġytel

Middle English: foryetel, forȝetil, forgetil, forgettyll

English: forgettle

Scots: foryettle, forgettle

Old Frisian: *forjetel

Saterland Frisian: ferjetel (in compounds and derivatives)

West Frisian: *ferjittel

⇒ West Frisian: ferjittelboek

Old Saxon: *forgetal

Middle Low German: vorgetel, vörgētel

Old Dutch: *fargetal

desctree

Middle Dutch: vergetel, verghetel
Dutch: vergetel, verghetel, vergheetel, vergeetel


sparkōn

sparkōn (infinitive)
sparkōnijas (genitive infinitive)
sparkōnijē (dative infinitive)
sparkōniju (infinitive instrumental)
sparkō (first-person present singular)
sparkōdā (first-person past singular)
sparkōs (present second-person singular)
sparkōdēs (past second-person singular)
sparkōdōs (past second-person singular)
sparkōþ (present singular third-person)
sparkōdē (past singular third-person)
sparkōdā (past singular third-person)
sparkōm (first-person plural present)
sparkōdum (first-person past plural)
sparkōþ (plural present second-person)
sparkōdud (past plural second-person)
sparkōnþ (plural present third-person)
sparkōdun (past plural third-person)
sparkōdī (first-person past singular)
sparkōdī (past second-person singular)
sparkō (present singular third-person)
sparkōdī (past singular third-person)
sparkōdīm (first-person past plural)
sparkōdīd (past plural second-person)
sparkōn (plural present third-person)
sparkōdīn (past plural third-person)
sparkō (present singular)
sparkōþ (plural present)
sparkōndī (participle present)
sparkōd (participle past)

Old English: spearcian
Middle English: sparken
English: spark
Scots: spark, spairk

Old Frisian: *sparkia

Saterland Frisian: spoorkje

West Frisian: sparkje

Old Saxon: *sparkōn

Middle Low German: sparken

Old Dutch: *sparkon

Middle Dutch: sparken

Dutch: sparken

Uncertain. Either from *sparkō (“spark”) + *-ōn; or alternatively from Proto-Germanic *sprakōną (“to crackle”).


sparkijan

sparkijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
sparkijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
sparkijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
sparkijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
sparkiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
sparkidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sparkisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
sparkidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sparkidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sparkiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
sparkidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sparkidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sparkijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
sparkidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sparkiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
sparkidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
sparkijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
sparkidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sparkijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
sparkidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sparkijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
sparkidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sparkijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
sparkidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sparkijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
sparkidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sparkijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
sparkidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
sparkijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
sparkidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sparki (class-1 present singular weak)
sparkiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
sparkijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
sparkid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: spierċan

Old Saxon: *sperkian

gl

alternatively from Proto-West Germanic <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmw-pro">*sparkilōn</i>

⇒? Middle Low German: sperkelen (alternatively from Proto-West Germanic *sparkilōn)

Old Dutch: *sperken

Middle Dutch: sperken


dāhwilā

dāhwilā (nominative singular)
dāhwilōn (nominative plural)
dāhwilōn (accusative singular)
dāhwilōn (accusative plural)
dāhwilōn (genitive singular)
dāhwilōnō (genitive plural)
dāhwilōn (dative singular)
dāhwilōm (dative plural)
dāhwilum (dative plural)
dāhwilōn (instrumental singular)
dāhwilōm (instrumental plural)
dāhwilum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *dāhila

Middle Low German: dāle, dōle, dolle

German Low German: Dohle, Doale, Dale

desctree

Old High German: tāhala
Middle High German: tāhele, tāle, talle, tāhel
German: Dahle, Dohle (from dialectal Central German forms)
→ Saterland Frisian: Dole
→ Italian: taccola


þrawōn

þrawōn (infinitive)
þrawōnijas (genitive infinitive)
þrawōnijē (dative infinitive)
þrawōniju (infinitive instrumental)
þrawō (first-person present singular)
þrawōdā (first-person past singular)
þrawōs (present second-person singular)
þrawōdēs (past second-person singular)
þrawōdōs (past second-person singular)
þrawōþ (present singular third-person)
þrawōdē (past singular third-person)
þrawōdā (past singular third-person)
þrawōm (first-person plural present)
þrawōdum (first-person past plural)
þrawōþ (plural present second-person)
þrawōdud (past plural second-person)
þrawōnþ (plural present third-person)
þrawōdun (past plural third-person)
þrawōdī (first-person past singular)
þrawōdī (past second-person singular)
þrawō (present singular third-person)
þrawōdī (past singular third-person)
þrawōdīm (first-person past plural)
þrawōdīd (past plural second-person)
þrawōn (plural present third-person)
þrawōdīn (past plural third-person)
þrawō (present singular)
þrawōþ (plural present)
þrawōndī (participle present)
þrawōd (participle past)

Old English: þrēawian

Old Saxon: *thrōōn
Middle Low German: drouwen, drowen, drauwen, drūwen
Low German: drauhen

⇒ Old Saxon: githrōōn

Old High German: *drōōn

desc

Middle High German: drōn, drouwen, drowen

German: drohen

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *þrawōną. Equivalent to *þrawu (“suffering, longing”) + *-ōn.


þrauwjan

þrauwjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
þrauwjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
þrauwjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
þrauwjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
þrauwju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
þrawidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
þrawisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
þrawidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þrawidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þrawiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
þrawidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þrawidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þrauwjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
þrawidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
þrawiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
þrawidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
þrauwjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
þrawidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
þrauwjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
þrawidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
þrauwjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
þrawidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þrauwjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
þrawidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þrauwjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
þrawidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
þrauwjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
þrawidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
þrauwjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
þrawidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
þrawi (class-1 present singular weak)
þrawiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
þrauwjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
þrawid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: þrēaġan

Old High German: drouwen, drōwen, drōen

Middle High German: drewen, dröuwen

German: dräuen

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *þrawjaną. Equivalent to *þrawu (“suffering, longing”) + *-jan.


þrauwjan

Old High German: drouwen, trowwen

Middle High German: *drouwen

⇒ Middle High German: ge-drouwen (Past Participle)

German: dräuen

An intensive verb closely related to *þreuwan (“to grow”).


frawēn

frawēn (infinitive)
frawēnijas (genitive infinitive)
frawēnijē (dative infinitive)
frawēniju (infinitive instrumental)
frawē (first-person present singular)
fraw?dā (first-person past singular)
frawēs (present second-person singular)
fraw?dēs (past second-person singular)
frawēþ (present singular third-person)
fraw?dē (past singular third-person)
fraw?dā (past singular third-person)
frawēm (first-person plural present)
fraw?dum (first-person past plural)
frawēþ (plural present second-person)
fraw?dud (past plural second-person)
frawēnþ (plural present third-person)
fraw?dun (past plural third-person)
fraw?dī (first-person past singular)
fraw?dī (past second-person singular)
frawē (present singular third-person)
fraw?dī (past singular third-person)
fraw?dīm (first-person past plural)
fraw?dīd (past plural second-person)
frawēn (plural present third-person)
fraw?dīn (past plural third-person)
frawē (present singular)
frawēþ (plural present)
frawēndī (participle present)
fraw?d (participle past)

Old Saxon: frāhōn

Middle Low German: vrouwen, vrowen, vrauwen

Old Dutch: *frouwon

Middle Dutch: vrouwen, vrowen, vruwen, vrouden

Old High German: frōēn, frawēn, frouwōn, frōōn, frawōn

Middle High German: vrouwen


hajēn

hajēn (infinitive)
hajēnijas (genitive infinitive)
hajēnijē (dative infinitive)
hajēniju (infinitive instrumental)
hajē (first-person present singular)
haj?dā (first-person past singular)
hajēs (present second-person singular)
haj?dēs (past second-person singular)
hajēþ (present singular third-person)
haj?dē (past singular third-person)
haj?dā (past singular third-person)
hajēm (first-person plural present)
haj?dum (first-person past plural)
hajēþ (plural present second-person)
haj?dud (past plural second-person)
hajēnþ (plural present third-person)
haj?dun (past plural third-person)
haj?dī (first-person past singular)
haj?dī (past second-person singular)
hajē (present singular third-person)
haj?dī (past singular third-person)
haj?dīm (first-person past plural)
haj?dīd (past plural second-person)
hajēn (plural present third-person)
haj?dīn (past plural third-person)
hajē (present singular)
hajēþ (plural present)
hajēndī (participle present)
haj?d (participle past)

Old Dutch: *heion

Middle Dutch: *heien

Dutch: heien (of the air, to show sheet lightning)

Old High German: *heiēn

Middle High German: heien

⇒ Old High German: irheiēn

firheiēn

Proto-West Germanic: *frahajēn; Old High German


alasā

alasā (nominative singular)
alasōn (nominative plural)
alasōn (accusative singular)
alasōn (accusative plural)
alasōn (genitive singular)
alasōnō (genitive plural)
alasōn (dative singular)
alasōm (dative plural)
alasum (dative plural)
alasōn (instrumental singular)
alasōm (instrumental plural)
alasum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: alasa

Middle Low German: allōse, alōse

Old High German: alasa

Middle High German: else

German: Alse (archaic, dialectal)


kappōn

kappōn (infinitive)
kappōnijas (genitive infinitive)
kappōnijē (dative infinitive)
kappōniju (infinitive instrumental)
kappō (first-person present singular)
kappōdā (first-person past singular)
kappōs (present second-person singular)
kappōdēs (past second-person singular)
kappōdōs (past second-person singular)
kappōþ (present singular third-person)
kappōdē (past singular third-person)
kappōdā (past singular third-person)
kappōm (first-person plural present)
kappōdum (first-person past plural)
kappōþ (plural present second-person)
kappōdud (past plural second-person)
kappōnþ (plural present third-person)
kappōdun (past plural third-person)
kappōdī (first-person past singular)
kappōdī (past second-person singular)
kappō (present singular third-person)
kappōdī (past singular third-person)
kappōdīm (first-person past plural)
kappōdīd (past plural second-person)
kappōn (plural present third-person)
kappōdīn (past plural third-person)
kappō (present singular)
kappōþ (plural present)
kappōndī (participle present)
kappōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: *kappia

Saterland Frisian: kapje

Old Saxon: *kappōn

Middle Low German: kappen

German Low German: kappen

→ Danish: kappe

→ Middle High German: kappen

German: kappen

→ Norwegian: kappa

→ Scots: kapp (Shetlandic)

→ Swedish: kapa

Old Dutch: *kappon

desctree

Middle Dutch: cappen
Dutch: kappen, kabben
Afrikaans: kap
Berbice Creole Dutch: kapu
Negerhollands: kap, kappen
Skepi Creole Dutch: kap, cap
→ Papiamentu: kap
→ Saterland Frisian: kappe
→ Sranan Tongo: kapu, kappe
→ Caribbean Javanese: kapu, ngapu
Limburgish: kappe

Old High German: *kapfon

Middle High German: *kapfen

Alemannic German: kapfen

desc

→? Medieval Latin: cappō (“to chop wood”)

Uncertain, possibly borrowed from Vulgar Latin *cappāre (“to castrate; to cut off”), cognate with Spanish capar (“to castrate; to cut off”), and perhaps Old French coper (“to cut off”), from Latin cāpō (“castrated cockerel”).


hrīþēn

hrīþēn (infinitive)
hrīþēnijas (genitive infinitive)
hrīþēnijē (dative infinitive)
hrīþēniju (infinitive instrumental)
hrīþē (first-person present singular)
hrīþ?dā (first-person past singular)
hrīþēs (present second-person singular)
hrīþ?dēs (past second-person singular)
hrīþēþ (present singular third-person)
hrīþ?dē (past singular third-person)
hrīþ?dā (past singular third-person)
hrīþēm (first-person plural present)
hrīþ?dum (first-person past plural)
hrīþēþ (plural present second-person)
hrīþ?dud (past plural second-person)
hrīþēnþ (plural present third-person)
hrīþ?dun (past plural third-person)
hrīþ?dī (first-person past singular)
hrīþ?dī (past second-person singular)
hrīþē (present singular third-person)
hrīþ?dī (past singular third-person)
hrīþ?dīm (first-person past plural)
hrīþ?dīd (past plural second-person)
hrīþēn (plural present third-person)
hrīþ?dīn (past plural third-person)
hrīþē (present singular)
hrīþēþ (plural present)
hrīþēndī (participle present)
hrīþ?d (participle past)

desctree

Old Dutch: *rīthon
Middle Dutch: riden, rien
Dutch: rijden, rijen (obsolete)

Old High German: rīdēn, rīdōn

Middle High German: rīden


hriþōn

hriþōn (infinitive)
hriþōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hriþōnijē (dative infinitive)
hriþōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hriþō (first-person present singular)
hriþōdā (first-person past singular)
hriþōs (present second-person singular)
hriþōdēs (past second-person singular)
hriþōdōs (past second-person singular)
hriþōþ (present singular third-person)
hriþōdē (past singular third-person)
hriþōdā (past singular third-person)
hriþōm (first-person plural present)
hriþōdum (first-person past plural)
hriþōþ (plural present second-person)
hriþōdud (past plural second-person)
hriþōnþ (plural present third-person)
hriþōdun (past plural third-person)
hriþōdī (first-person past singular)
hriþōdī (past second-person singular)
hriþō (present singular third-person)
hriþōdī (past singular third-person)
hriþōdīm (first-person past plural)
hriþōdīd (past plural second-person)
hriþōn (plural present third-person)
hriþōdīn (past plural third-person)
hriþō (present singular)
hriþōþ (plural present)
hriþōndī (participle present)
hriþōd (participle past)

Old English: hriþian

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *hriþōną. Equivalent to *hriþi (“shivers, fever”) + *-ōn.


smāhōn

smāhōn (infinitive)
smāhōnijas (genitive infinitive)
smāhōnijē (dative infinitive)
smāhōniju (infinitive instrumental)
smāhō (first-person present singular)
smāhōdā (first-person past singular)
smāhōs (present second-person singular)
smāhōdēs (past second-person singular)
smāhōdōs (past second-person singular)
smāhōþ (present singular third-person)
smāhōdē (past singular third-person)
smāhōdā (past singular third-person)
smāhōm (first-person plural present)
smāhōdum (first-person past plural)
smāhōþ (plural present second-person)
smāhōdud (past plural second-person)
smāhōnþ (plural present third-person)
smāhōdun (past plural third-person)
smāhōdī (first-person past singular)
smāhōdī (past second-person singular)
smāhō (present singular third-person)
smāhōdī (past singular third-person)
smāhōdīm (first-person past plural)
smāhōdīd (past plural second-person)
smāhōn (plural present third-person)
smāhōdīn (past plural third-person)
smāhō (present singular)
smāhōþ (plural present)
smāhōndī (participle present)
smāhōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: smāia

West Frisian: smaadzje

Old Dutch: *smāion
Middle Dutch: smâen, smâden
Dutch: smaden

Old High German: *smāhon

Middle High German: smāhen

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *smēhōną. Equivalent to *smāhī (“small; little”) + *-ōn.


smāhēn

smāhēn (infinitive)
smāhēnijas (genitive infinitive)
smāhēnijē (dative infinitive)
smāhēniju (infinitive instrumental)
smāhē (first-person present singular)
smāh?dā (first-person past singular)
smāhēs (present second-person singular)
smāh?dēs (past second-person singular)
smāhēþ (present singular third-person)
smāh?dē (past singular third-person)
smāh?dā (past singular third-person)
smāhēm (first-person plural present)
smāh?dum (first-person past plural)
smāhēþ (plural present second-person)
smāh?dud (past plural second-person)
smāhēnþ (plural present third-person)
smāh?dun (past plural third-person)
smāh?dī (first-person past singular)
smāh?dī (past second-person singular)
smāhē (present singular third-person)
smāh?dī (past singular third-person)
smāh?dīm (first-person past plural)
smāh?dīd (past plural second-person)
smāhēn (plural present third-person)
smāh?dīn (past plural third-person)
smāhē (present singular)
smāhēþ (plural present)
smāhēndī (participle present)
smāh?d (participle past)

Old High German: smāhēn

Middle High German: smāhen


grubilōn

grubilōn (infinitive)
grubilōnijas (genitive infinitive)
grubilōnijē (dative infinitive)
grubilōniju (infinitive instrumental)
grubilō (first-person present singular)
grubilōdā (first-person past singular)
grubilōs (present second-person singular)
grubilōdēs (past second-person singular)
grubilōdōs (past second-person singular)
grubilōþ (present singular third-person)
grubilōdē (past singular third-person)
grubilōdā (past singular third-person)
grubilōm (first-person plural present)
grubilōdum (first-person past plural)
grubilōþ (plural present second-person)
grubilōdud (past plural second-person)
grubilōnþ (plural present third-person)
grubilōdun (past plural third-person)
grubilōdī (first-person past singular)
grubilōdī (past second-person singular)
grubilō (present singular third-person)
grubilōdī (past singular third-person)
grubilōdīm (first-person past plural)
grubilōdīd (past plural second-person)
grubilōn (plural present third-person)
grubilōdīn (past plural third-person)
grubilō (present singular)
grubilōþ (plural present)
grubilōndī (participle present)
grubilōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *gruvilōn

Middle Low German: *gruvelen, *grüvelen

gl

German Low German: gruveln (also possibly borrowed from Middle High/Modern German)

Old High German: grubilōn

Middle High German: grübelen

German: grübeln

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *grubilōną.


knosōn

knosōn (infinitive)
knosōnijas (genitive infinitive)
knosōnijē (dative infinitive)
knosōniju (infinitive instrumental)
knosō (first-person present singular)
knosōdā (first-person past singular)
knosōs (present second-person singular)
knosōdēs (past second-person singular)
knosōdōs (past second-person singular)
knosōþ (present singular third-person)
knosōdē (past singular third-person)
knosōdā (past singular third-person)
knosōm (first-person plural present)
knosōdum (first-person past plural)
knosōþ (plural present second-person)
knosōdud (past plural second-person)
knosōnþ (plural present third-person)
knosōdun (past plural third-person)
knosōdī (first-person past singular)
knosōdī (past second-person singular)
knosō (present singular third-person)
knosōdī (past singular third-person)
knosōdīm (first-person past plural)
knosōdīd (past plural second-person)
knosōn (plural present third-person)
knosōdīn (past plural third-person)
knosō (present singular)
knosōþ (plural present)
knosōndī (participle present)
knosōd (participle past)

Old English: cnossian

Old Saxon: *knosōn

Middle Low German: knōsen

Old Dutch: *cnoson

Middle Dutch: cnōsen

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *knusōną. Likely of onomatopoeic origin.


kippōn

kippōn (infinitive)
kippōnijas (genitive infinitive)
kippōnijē (dative infinitive)
kippōniju (infinitive instrumental)
kippō (first-person present singular)
kippōdā (first-person past singular)
kippōs (present second-person singular)
kippōdēs (past second-person singular)
kippōdōs (past second-person singular)
kippōþ (present singular third-person)
kippōdē (past singular third-person)
kippōdā (past singular third-person)
kippōm (first-person plural present)
kippōdum (first-person past plural)
kippōþ (plural present second-person)
kippōdud (past plural second-person)
kippōnþ (plural present third-person)
kippōdun (past plural third-person)
kippōdī (first-person past singular)
kippōdī (past second-person singular)
kippō (present singular third-person)
kippōdī (past singular third-person)
kippōdīm (first-person past plural)
kippōdīd (past plural second-person)
kippōn (plural present third-person)
kippōdīn (past plural third-person)
kippō (present singular)
kippōþ (plural present)
kippōndī (participle present)
kippōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *kippōn

Middle Low German: kippen

German Low German: kippen

→ Scots: kip

Old High German: *kippōn

Middle High German: kippen

German: kippen

→ Dutch: kippen, kiepen

→ West Frisian: kippe, kipe, kypje

From Proto-Germanic *kippōną (“to (make) stumble”).


kippōn

desctree

Old English: *cippian
Middle English: chippen
English: chip
Scots: chip

Old Dutch: *kippon

Middle Dutch: kippen

Dutch: kippen

→ Middle Low German: kippen

→ Middle English: kippen (or borrowed from Old Norse instead)

English: kip

From Proto-Germanic *kippōną (“to chop, pull”).


kippōn

Old Saxon: *kippōn

Middle Low German: kippen

Old Dutch: *kippon

Middle Dutch: kippen

Dutch: kippen

→ Old French: eschepir, esquepir

Uncertain if distinct from the verb discussed at Etymology 2.


grōsu

grōsu (nominative singular)
grōsō (nominative plural)
grōsā (accusative singular)
grōsā (accusative plural)
grōsā (genitive singular)
grōsō (genitive plural)
grōsē (dative singular)
grōsōm (dative plural)
grōsum (dative plural)
grōsu (instrumental singular)
grōsōm (instrumental plural)
grōsum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *grōsa

Middle Low German: grôse, grûse

Old Dutch: *gruosa, gruos

Middle Dutch: groese, gruese

Dutch: groeze, groes

Old High German: *gruosa

Middle High German: gruose, grūse

German: Gruse

area of new grass growth; lawn, meadow, grassland


frastān

Old Frisian: forstān

West Frisian: ferstean, forstean

Old Saxon: stān

desc

Middle Low German: vörstān, vorstān, vorestān

German Low German: vorstān

desctree

Old Dutch: farstān
Middle Dutch: verstâen
Dutch: verstaan
Afrikaans: verstaan
Berbice Creole Dutch: frustan, furstan
Jersey Dutch: verstâne
Negerhollands: verstaan, fostó, fóstán, verstaen
Skepi Creole Dutch: forstan, forestan
→ Sranan Tongo: ferstan, frustan (see there for further descendants)

Old High German: firstān, firstēn

desc

Middle High German: verstān, virstēn, vorstēn, ferstān, firstēn, forstēn

Bavarian: versteh

German: verstehen


grasag

grasag (masculine nominative singular)
grasagu (feminine nominative singular)
grasag (neuter nominative singular)
grasaganā (accusative masculine singular)
grasagā (accusative feminine singular)
grasag (accusative neuter singular)
grasagas (genitive masculine singular)
grasageʀā (feminine genitive singular)
grasagas (genitive neuter singular)
grasagumē (dative masculine singular)
grasageʀē (dative feminine singular)
grasagumē (dative neuter singular)
grasagu (instrumental masculine singular)
grasageʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
grasagu (instrumental neuter singular)
grasagē (masculine nominative plural)
grasagō (feminine nominative plural)
grasagu (neuter nominative plural)
grasagā (accusative masculine plural)
grasagā (accusative feminine plural)
grasagu (accusative neuter plural)
grasageʀō (genitive masculine plural)
grasageʀō (feminine genitive plural)
grasageʀō (genitive neuter plural)
grasagēm (dative masculine plural)
grasagum (dative masculine plural)
grasagēm (dative feminine plural)
grasagum (dative feminine plural)
grasagēm (dative neuter plural)
grasagum (dative neuter plural)
grasagēm (instrumental masculine plural)
grasagum (instrumental masculine plural)
grasagēm (feminine instrumental plural)
grasagum (feminine instrumental plural)
grasagēm (instrumental neuter plural)
grasagum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: *græsiġ, *gærsiġ

Middle English: grasy

English: grassy

Scots: gresy, gressy, gersy

Old Frisian: *gersich, *garsich, *gresich, *jersich

Saterland Frisian: gäärzig

West Frisian: gersich

Old Saxon: *grasag, *gresig

Middle Low German: grēsich

German Low German: gräsig

Old Dutch: *grasag

Middle Dutch: grasich

Dutch: grazig

Old High German: grasag

Middle High German: grasec, grasic

German: grasig

From Proto-Germanic *grasugaz, equivalent to *gras + *-g.

like, resembling, or full of grass, grassy


sunnō

sunnō (nominative singular)
sunnan (nominative plural)
sunnan (accusative singular)
sunnan (accusative plural)
sunnini (genitive singular)
sunnan (genitive singular)
sunnanō (genitive plural)
sunnini (dative singular)
sunnan (dative singular)
sunnum (dative plural)
sunnini (instrumental singular)
sunnan (instrumental singular)
sunnum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: sunna m
Middle English: sonne, sunne, sone, son, sune, sun, sunna, sunnæ, synne, soen, zunne (Southern West Mid), zonne (Kent)
English: sun
Scots: sun
Yola: zin

Old Frisian: sunna m

Old Saxon: sunno m
Middle Low German: sonne f or m
Low German: Sünne, Sonne
Dutch Low Saxon: zunne
German Low German: Sünn, Sünne, Sonn, Sonne
Plautdietsch: Sonn

Old Dutch: sunno m

Middle Dutch: sonne f or m
Dutch: zon, zun (dialectal)
Afrikaans: son
Berbice Creole Dutch: sono
Jersey Dutch: zon
Negerhollands: son, zon
→ Sranan Tongo: son (see there for further descendants)
Limburgish: zón
West Flemish: zunne
Zealandic: zunne

Old High German: sunno m
Middle High German: sunne f or m
Alemannic German: Sunnä
Italian Walser: sunna, sunnu, sònnò, ŝchunna, ŝchunnà
Bavarian: Son
Cimbrian: sunn, sonde, zunna
Mòcheno: sunn
Udinese: suna, sune, sunne
Viennese: Sun
Central Franconian: Sonn, Sunn (rarer variant)
Hunsrik: Sunn, Sonn
Luxembourgish: Sonn
German: Sonne
Rhine Franconian:
Palatine German: Sunn
Pennsylvania German: Sunn
Vilamovian: zunn, zun
Yiddish: זון (zun)

From Proto-Germanic *sunnô (“sun”). Masculine construction to *sunnǭ f (“sun”).


wahtilu

wahtilu (nominative singular)
wahtilō (nominative plural)
wahtilā (accusative singular)
wahtilā (accusative plural)
wahtilā (genitive singular)
wahtilō (genitive plural)
wahtilē (dative singular)
wahtilōm (dative plural)
wahtilum (dative plural)
wahtilu (instrumental singular)
wahtilōm (instrumental plural)
wahtilum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wiehtel, wyhtel

Old Saxon: wahtala

Middle Low German: wachtele

Old Dutch: *wahtala

Middle Dutch: wachtele, wachtel

Dutch: wachtel

desc

Old High German: *wahtila, wahdila, wahtala

Middle High German: wahtel

German: Wachtel