halþijan

halþijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
halþijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
halþijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
halþijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
halþiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
halþidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
halþisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
halþidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
halþidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
halþiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
halþidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
halþidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
halþijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
halþidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
halþiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
halþidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
halþijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
halþidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
halþijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
halþidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
halþijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
halþidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
halþijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
halþidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
halþijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
halþidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
halþijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
halþidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
halþijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
halþidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
halþi (class-1 present singular weak)
halþiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
halþijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
halþid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: hieldan

Middle English: helden

English: hield

English: heel

Yola: hyle

Old Saxon: *heldian

Middle Low German: helden, hellen

Old Dutch: *helden

Middle Dutch: helden

Dutch: hellen (d reinterpreted as an ending)

Old High German: helden

Middle High German: helden


aldijan

aldijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
aldijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
aldijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
aldijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
aldiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
aldidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
aldisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
aldidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
aldidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
aldiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
aldidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
aldidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
aldijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
aldidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
aldiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
aldidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
aldijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
aldidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
aldijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
aldidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
aldijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
aldidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
aldijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
aldidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
aldijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
aldidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
aldijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
aldidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
aldijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
aldidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
aldi (class-1 present singular weak)
aldiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
aldijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
aldid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: ieldan

Old High German: elten


aldī

aldī (nominative singular)
aldīn (accusative singular)
aldīn (genitive singular)
aldīn (dative singular)
aldīn (instrumental singular)

desc

Old English: ild, yld, (Anglian) æld, eld, (o-declension) ieldu, ildu, ildo, yldo, (Anglian) ældu, eldo

→⇒ Latin: Eldilda

Middle English: elde

English: eld

Scots: eild, eeld

Old Frisian: elde

North Frisian: jelde

West Frisian: jeld

Old Saxon: eldī

Middle Low German: olde

desctree

Old Dutch: eldi, *aldi
Middle Dutch: oude, elde
Dutch: oude
West Flemish: elde

Old High German: altī, eltī

Middle High German: elte, alte-, alta-

German: Älte (dialectal)

From Proto-Germanic *alþį̄. Equivalent to *ald (“old”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).

affix

age, time period; lifetime; old age, eld


warmijan

warmijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
warmijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
warmijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
warmijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
warmiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
warmidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
warmisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
warmidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
warmidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
warmiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
warmidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
warmidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
warmijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
warmidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
warmiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
warmidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
warmijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
warmidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
warmijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
warmidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
warmijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
warmidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
warmijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
warmidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
warmijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
warmidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
warmijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
warmidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
warmijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
warmidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
warmi (class-1 present singular weak)
warmiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
warmijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
warmid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: wierman, wyrman, werman, wirman, wærman, uearman
Middle English: wermen, warmen (merged with descendant of Old English wearmian)
English: warm
Scots: warm, wairm

Old Saxon: warmian, wermian

Middle Low German: warmen, wermen

German Low German: warmen

Old Dutch: *wermen

Middle Dutch: wermen, warmen

Dutch: warmen

Old High German: wermen

Middle High German: wermen

German: wärmen

Hunsrik: wäärme

Luxembourgish: wiermen

From Proto-Germanic *warmijaną. Equivalent to *warm (“warm”) + *-jan.


skakan

skakan (infinitive)
skakannjas (genitive infinitive)
skakannjē (dative infinitive)
skakannju (infinitive instrumental)
skaku (first-person present singular)
skōk (first-person past singular)
skakiʀi (present second-person singular)
skōkī (past second-person singular)
skakidi (present singular third-person)
skōk (past singular third-person)
skakum (first-person plural present)
skōkum (first-person past plural)
skakid (plural present second-person)
skōkud (past plural second-person)
skakand (plural present third-person)
skōkun (past plural third-person)
skakē (first-person present singular)
skōkī (first-person past singular)
skakēs (present second-person singular)
skakē (present singular third-person)
skōkī (past singular third-person)
skakēm (first-person plural present)
skōkīm (first-person past plural)
skakēþ (plural present second-person)
skōkīd (past plural second-person)
skakēn (plural present third-person)
skōkīn (past plural third-person)
skak (present singular)
skakid (plural present)
skakandī (participle present)
skakan (participle past)

Old English: sċacan, sċeacan

Middle English: schaken

English: shake

Scots: schake, schaik, schack

Old Frisian: skeka

>? Saterland Frisian: skädje

desc

West Frisian: schaekjen, schaakje, schaekje (obsolete)

Old Saxon: skakan

Middle Low German: *schaken

Low German: schaken

Old Dutch: *skakan

Middle Dutch: schāken

Dutch: schaken


swarjan

swarjan (infinitive)
swarjannjas (genitive infinitive)
swarjannjē (dative infinitive)
swarjannju (infinitive instrumental)
swarju (first-person present singular)
swōr (first-person past singular)
swariʀi (present second-person singular)
swōrī (past second-person singular)
swaridi (present singular third-person)
swōr (past singular third-person)
swarjum (first-person plural present)
swōrum (first-person past plural)
swarid (plural present second-person)
swōrud (past plural second-person)
swarjand (plural present third-person)
swōrun (past plural third-person)
swarjē (first-person present singular)
swōrī (first-person past singular)
swarjēs (present second-person singular)
swarjē (present singular third-person)
swōrī (past singular third-person)
swarjēm (first-person plural present)
swōrīm (first-person past plural)
swarjēþ (plural present second-person)
swōrīd (past plural second-person)
swarjēn (plural present third-person)
swōrīn (past plural third-person)
swari (present singular)
swarid (plural present)
swarjandī (participle present)
swaran (participle past)

desctree

Old English: swerian, swarian
Middle English: swerien, sweren
English: swear
Scots: swer, swere, sweir

Old Frisian: swera, swara
Saterland Frisian: swere
West Frisian: swarre

Old Saxon: swerian
Middle Low German: sweren
Low German: swören, sweren

Old Dutch: sweren, *swerien

Middle Dutch: swēren, swerren
Dutch: zweren
Afrikaans: sweer
Negerhollands: sweer
Limburgish: zwaere

Old High German: sweren, swerien, swerren
Middle High German: swern
Alemannic German: schwere
German: schwören
Luxembourgish: schwieren


skurtēn

skurtēn (infinitive)
skurtēnijas (genitive infinitive)
skurtēnijē (dative infinitive)
skurtēniju (infinitive instrumental)
skurtē (first-person present singular)
skurt?dā (first-person past singular)
skurtēs (present second-person singular)
skurt?dēs (past second-person singular)
skurtēþ (present singular third-person)
skurt?dē (past singular third-person)
skurt?dā (past singular third-person)
skurtēm (first-person plural present)
skurt?dum (first-person past plural)
skurtēþ (plural present second-person)
skurt?dud (past plural second-person)
skurtēnþ (plural present third-person)
skurt?dun (past plural third-person)
skurt?dī (first-person past singular)
skurt?dī (past second-person singular)
skurtē (present singular third-person)
skurt?dī (past singular third-person)
skurt?dīm (first-person past plural)
skurt?dīd (past plural second-person)
skurtēn (plural present third-person)
skurt?dīn (past plural third-person)
skurtē (present singular)
skurtēþ (plural present)
skurtēndī (participle present)
skurt?d (participle past)

merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmw-pro">*skurtōn</i>

Old English: sċortian, sċeortian (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *skurtōn)
Middle English: schorten, shorten
English: short
Scots: schort

Old Saxon: *skortōn

gl

Middle Low German: schorten, schörten (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *skurtijan and *skurtōn)

German Low German: schörten, schörtjen

desctree

Old Dutch: *scorton
Middle Dutch: schorten
Dutch: schorten

From Proto-Germanic *skurtāną. Equivalent to *skurt (“short, lacking”) + *-ēn.


swīgēn

swīgēn (infinitive)
swīgēnijas (genitive infinitive)
swīgēnijē (dative infinitive)
swīgēniju (infinitive instrumental)
swīgē (first-person present singular)
swīg?dā (first-person past singular)
swīgēs (present second-person singular)
swīg?dēs (past second-person singular)
swīgēþ (present singular third-person)
swīg?dē (past singular third-person)
swīg?dā (past singular third-person)
swīgēm (first-person plural present)
swīg?dum (first-person past plural)
swīgēþ (plural present second-person)
swīg?dud (past plural second-person)
swīgēnþ (plural present third-person)
swīg?dun (past plural third-person)
swīg?dī (first-person past singular)
swīg?dī (past second-person singular)
swīgē (present singular third-person)
swīg?dī (past singular third-person)
swīg?dīm (first-person past plural)
swīg?dīd (past plural second-person)
swīgēn (plural present third-person)
swīg?dīn (past plural third-person)
swīgē (present singular)
swīgēþ (plural present)
swīgēndī (participle present)
swīg?d (participle past)

Old English: swīgian, swīgan, sweogian, sweowian, swugian, swuwian, sugian, suwian
Middle English: swīen

Old Frisian: swīgia

West Frisian: swije

Old Saxon: swīgon
Middle Low German: swîgen
Low German: swiegen

Old Dutch: *swīgon
Middle Dutch: swigen
Dutch: zwijgen
Limburgish: zwiege

Old High German: swīgēn

Middle High German: swīgen

Central Franconian: schwijje, schweie

German: schweigen

Yiddish: שווײַגן (shvaygn)

From *swīgā (“silence”) or *swīgī (“silent”) + *-ēn.


swīgā

swīgā (nominative singular)
swīgōn (nominative plural)
swīgōn (accusative singular)
swīgōn (accusative plural)
swīgōn (genitive singular)
swīgōnō (genitive plural)
swīgōn (dative singular)
swīgōm (dative plural)
swīgum (dative plural)
swīgōn (instrumental singular)
swīgōm (instrumental plural)
swīgum (instrumental plural)

Old English: swīge
Middle English: swyȝe, swiȝe, swige

Old High German: swīga

Unknown; possibly cognate with Ancient Greek σῖγα (sîga, “silently”), σιγᾶν (sigân, “be silent”), σιγή (sigḗ, “silence”), from earlier *σϝίγ- (*swíg-), forgoing the expected change *sw- > *hw-, perhaps then from a Proto-Indo-European *sweyHg-, however this is disputed. Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰey- (“to decline”), whence *dwīnan ~ *swīnan (“to dwindle, fade away”).

der

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache


swaigijan

swaigijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
swaigijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
swaigijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
swaigijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
swaigiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
swaigidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
swaigisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
swaigidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swaigidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swaigiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
swaigidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swaigidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swaigijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
swaigidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
swaigiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
swaigidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
swaigijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
swaigidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
swaigijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
swaigidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
swaigijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
swaigidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swaigijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
swaigidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swaigijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
swaigidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
swaigijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
swaigidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
swaigijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
swaigidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
swaigi (class-1 present singular weak)
swaigiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
swaigijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
swaigid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old High German: sweigen

Middle High German: sweigen


getul

getul (masculine nominative singular)
getulu (feminine nominative singular)
getul (neuter nominative singular)
getulanā (accusative masculine singular)
getulā (accusative feminine singular)
getul (accusative neuter singular)
getulas (genitive masculine singular)
getuleʀā (feminine genitive singular)
getulas (genitive neuter singular)
getulumē (dative masculine singular)
getuleʀē (dative feminine singular)
getulumē (dative neuter singular)
getulu (instrumental masculine singular)
getuleʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
getulu (instrumental neuter singular)
getulē (masculine nominative plural)
getulō (feminine nominative plural)
getulu (neuter nominative plural)
getulā (accusative masculine plural)
getulā (accusative feminine plural)
getulu (accusative neuter plural)
getuleʀō (genitive masculine plural)
getuleʀō (feminine genitive plural)
getuleʀō (genitive neuter plural)
getulēm (dative masculine plural)
getulum (dative masculine plural)
getulēm (dative feminine plural)
getulum (dative feminine plural)
getulēm (dative neuter plural)
getulum (dative neuter plural)
getulēm (instrumental masculine plural)
getulum (instrumental masculine plural)
getulēm (feminine instrumental plural)
getulum (feminine instrumental plural)
getulēm (instrumental neuter plural)
getulum (instrumental neuter plural)
*gitil (alternative)

Old English: *ġeotol, *ġitol

⇒ Old English: andġitol

⇒ Old English: oferġeotol, oferġitol

⇒ Old Dutch: *afgetali

Old High German: *gezzal

⇒ Old High German: āgezzal

Middle High German: āgezzel

⇒ Old High German: abgezzal

From Proto-Germanic *getulaz. Equivalent to *getan + *-ul.

tending to get, acquisitive, prone to acquisition


hauhalīk

hauhalīk (masculine nominative singular)
hauhalīku (feminine nominative singular)
hauhalīk (neuter nominative singular)
hauhalīkanā (accusative masculine singular)
hauhalīkā (accusative feminine singular)
hauhalīk (accusative neuter singular)
hauhalīkas (genitive masculine singular)
hauhalīkeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
hauhalīkas (genitive neuter singular)
hauhalīkumē (dative masculine singular)
hauhalīkeʀē (dative feminine singular)
hauhalīkumē (dative neuter singular)
hauhalīku (instrumental masculine singular)
hauhalīkeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
hauhalīku (instrumental neuter singular)
hauhalīkē (masculine nominative plural)
hauhalīkō (feminine nominative plural)
hauhalīku (neuter nominative plural)
hauhalīkā (accusative masculine plural)
hauhalīkā (accusative feminine plural)
hauhalīku (accusative neuter plural)
hauhalīkeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
hauhalīkeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
hauhalīkeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
hauhalīkēm (dative masculine plural)
hauhalīkum (dative masculine plural)
hauhalīkēm (dative feminine plural)
hauhalīkum (dative feminine plural)
hauhalīkēm (dative neuter plural)
hauhalīkum (dative neuter plural)
hauhalīkēm (instrumental masculine plural)
hauhalīkum (instrumental masculine plural)
hauhalīkēm (feminine instrumental plural)
hauhalīkum (feminine instrumental plural)
hauhalīkēm (instrumental neuter plural)
hauhalīkum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: hēaliċ, hēahliċ

Middle English: heighlī

Old Frisian: hâchlik, hâlik

Old High German: hōhlīh

Middle High German: hōchlich

German: höchlich (archaic)

From Proto-Germanic *hauhalīkaz. Equivalent to *hauh + *-līk.


wahtwēn

wahtwēn (infinitive)
wahtwēnijas (genitive infinitive)
wahtwēnijē (dative infinitive)
wahtwēniju (infinitive instrumental)
wahtwē (first-person present singular)
wahtw?dā (first-person past singular)
wahtwēs (present second-person singular)
wahtw?dēs (past second-person singular)
wahtwēþ (present singular third-person)
wahtw?dē (past singular third-person)
wahtw?dā (past singular third-person)
wahtwēm (first-person plural present)
wahtw?dum (first-person past plural)
wahtwēþ (plural present second-person)
wahtw?dud (past plural second-person)
wahtwēnþ (plural present third-person)
wahtw?dun (past plural third-person)
wahtw?dī (first-person past singular)
wahtw?dī (past second-person singular)
wahtwē (present singular third-person)
wahtw?dī (past singular third-person)
wahtw?dīm (first-person past plural)
wahtw?dīd (past plural second-person)
wahtwēn (plural present third-person)
wahtw?dīn (past plural third-person)
wahtwē (present singular)
wahtwēþ (plural present)
wahtwēndī (participle present)
wahtw?d (participle past)

Old Frisian: wachtia

North Frisian: wachtje

Saterland Frisian: wachtje

West Frisian: wachtje, wachtsje

Old Saxon: *wahtōn

Middle Low German: wachten

German Low German: wachten

→ Old Norse: vakta

Icelandic: vakta

Swedish: vakta

desctree

Old Dutch: *wahton
Middle Dutch: wachten
Dutch: wachten
→ Middle English: *waughten, waften
English: waft
Scots: waft

Old High German: wahtēn
Middle High German: wachten
German: wachten (dialectal)

→ Italo-Romance:

Italian: guatare

→ Padanian:

Piedmontese:

Occidental: vaité

Oriental: vacé

→ Northern Gallo-Romance:

desc

Franco-Provençal: gouétar, agouétar, gouétiér

→ Old French: gaiter, guaitier, gaitier, guaiter, gueter, waiter, waitier

Middle French: gaitier, gaiter, guetier, guetter

French: guetter

→ Middle English: wayten, waiten

English: wait

Asturian: guetar

→ Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: aguaitar

Catalan: aguaitar, guaitar, agoitar, goitar

Old Occitan: guaitar

Occitan: gaitar, agaitar, gachar, agachar

güeitar, agüeitar, aüeitar

→ Medieval Latin: wactō, gaitō, guaitō, guaytō


aiginōn

aiginōn (infinitive)
aiginōnijas (genitive infinitive)
aiginōnijē (dative infinitive)
aiginōniju (infinitive instrumental)
aiginō (first-person present singular)
aiginōdā (first-person past singular)
aiginōs (present second-person singular)
aiginōdēs (past second-person singular)
aiginōdōs (past second-person singular)
aiginōþ (present singular third-person)
aiginōdē (past singular third-person)
aiginōdā (past singular third-person)
aiginōm (first-person plural present)
aiginōdum (first-person past plural)
aiginōþ (plural present second-person)
aiginōdud (past plural second-person)
aiginōnþ (plural present third-person)
aiginōdun (past plural third-person)
aiginōdī (first-person past singular)
aiginōdī (past second-person singular)
aiginō (present singular third-person)
aiginōdī (past singular third-person)
aiginōdīm (first-person past plural)
aiginōdīd (past plural second-person)
aiginōn (plural present third-person)
aiginōdīn (past plural third-person)
aiginō (present singular)
aiginōþ (plural present)
aiginōndī (participle present)
aiginōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: āgnian
Middle English: ahnien (early)

Old Saxon: *ēginon

Middle Low German: ēgenen

Old Dutch: *eiginon
Middle Dutch: eigenen
Dutch: eigenen
Afrikaans: eien

Old High German: *eiganōn

Middle High German: eigenen

German: eignen

⇒ Old High German: gieiganōn

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *aiginōną. Equivalent to *aigan (“own”) + *-ōn.


aiʀēn

aiʀēn (infinitive)
aiʀēnijas (genitive infinitive)
aiʀēnijē (dative infinitive)
aiʀēniju (infinitive instrumental)
aiʀē (first-person present singular)
aiʀ?dā (first-person past singular)
aiʀēs (present second-person singular)
aiʀ?dēs (past second-person singular)
aiʀēþ (present singular third-person)
aiʀ?dē (past singular third-person)
aiʀ?dā (past singular third-person)
aiʀēm (first-person plural present)
aiʀ?dum (first-person past plural)
aiʀēþ (plural present second-person)
aiʀ?dud (past plural second-person)
aiʀēnþ (plural present third-person)
aiʀ?dun (past plural third-person)
aiʀ?dī (first-person past singular)
aiʀ?dī (past second-person singular)
aiʀē (present singular third-person)
aiʀ?dī (past singular third-person)
aiʀ?dīm (first-person past plural)
aiʀ?dīd (past plural second-person)
aiʀēn (plural present third-person)
aiʀ?dīn (past plural third-person)
aiʀē (present singular)
aiʀēþ (plural present)
aiʀēndī (participle present)
aiʀ?d (participle past)

Old English: ārian
Middle English: oren, aren, arenn (Ormulum)

Old Frisian: āria, ēria

Saterland Frisian: eere

West Frisian: eare

Old Saxon: ērōn

Middle Low German: êren

German Low German: ehren

Old Dutch: ēron
Middle Dutch: ēren
Dutch: eren
Afrikaans: eer
Limburgish: ieëre

Old High German: ērēn

Middle High German: ēren

German: ehren

From Proto-Germanic *aizāną. Equivalent to *aiʀ (“honour”) + *-ēn.


saiwi

saiwi (nominative singular)
saiwī (nominative plural)
saiwi (accusative singular)
saiwī (accusative plural)
saiwī (genitive singular)
saiwijō (genitive plural)
saiwī (dative singular)
saiwim (dative plural)
saiwijum (dative plural)
saiwī (instrumental singular)
saiwim (instrumental plural)
saiwijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sǣ f or m
Middle English: see, ce, sæ, se, sea, sei, ze
English: sea
Scots: se, see, sey, seye, sie
Yola: zea, zee

Old Frisian: sē

North Frisian: see

Saterland Frisian: See, Säi

West Frisian: see

Old Saxon: sēo m, sēu
Middle Low German: sê
German Low German: See, Sei
Plautdietsch: See

Old Dutch: sēo m
Middle Dutch: sêe f or m
Dutch: zee f
Afrikaans: see
Berbice Creole Dutch: sei
Javindo: see
Negerhollands: see
→ Saramaccan: zé
→ Sranan Tongo: se
Limburgish: zieë f
West Flemish: zji m or f, zêe

Old High German: sēo m
Middle High German: sē m (rarely f)
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: sea
Mòcheno: sea
German: See m (“lake”), See f (“sea”) (latter in part from Low German)
Luxembourgish: Séi


laidijan

laidijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
laidijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
laidijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
laidijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
laidiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
laididā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
laidisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
laididēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
laididōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
laidiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
laididē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
laididā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
laidijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
laididum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
laidiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
laididud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
laidijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
laididun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
laidijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
laididī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
laidijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
laididī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
laidijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
laididī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
laidijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
laididīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
laidijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
laididīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
laidijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
laididīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
laidi (class-1 present singular weak)
laidiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
laidijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
laidid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: lǣdan

Middle English: leden

Scots: lede, leid

English: lead

Old Frisian: lēda

Saterland Frisian: leede, lede

West Frisian: liede

Old Saxon: lēdian, leidian

Middle Low German: lêden, leiden

German Low German: leden, leiden

Old Dutch: leiden
Middle Dutch: leiden, lêden
Dutch: leiden
Afrikaans: lei
Limburgish: leide, leie, lèèje

Old High German: leiten

Middle High German: leiten

German: leiten

Luxembourgish: leeden


līþan

līþan (infinitive)
līþannjas (genitive infinitive)
līþannjē (dative infinitive)
līþannju (infinitive instrumental)
līþu (first-person present singular)
laiþ (first-person past singular)
līþiʀi (present second-person singular)
lidī (past second-person singular)
līþidi (present singular third-person)
laiþ (past singular third-person)
līþum (first-person plural present)
lidum (first-person past plural)
līþid (plural present second-person)
lidud (past plural second-person)
līþand (plural present third-person)
lidun (past plural third-person)
līþē (first-person present singular)
lidī (first-person past singular)
līþēs (present second-person singular)
līþē (present singular third-person)
lidī (past singular third-person)
līþēm (first-person plural present)
lidīm (first-person past plural)
līþēþ (plural present second-person)
lidīd (past plural second-person)
līþēn (plural present third-person)
lidīn (past plural third-person)
līþ (present singular)
līþid (plural present)
līþandī (participle present)
lidan (participle past)

Old English: līþan

Middle English: liþen (early)

Old Frisian: lītha

Saterland Frisian: liede

West Frisian: lyen, lye, lit, lije

Old Saxon: līthan

Middle Low German: lîden

German Low German: lieden

Old Dutch: līthan
Middle Dutch: liden
Dutch: lijden
Afrikaans: ly
Negerhollands: lyd, lyden, lijden, leiden
Limburgish: lieje

Old High German: līdan

Middle High German: līden

Alemannic German: liide, lide

German: leiden

Hunsrik: leide

Luxembourgish: leiden


laistijan

laistijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
laistijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
laistijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
laistijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
laistiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
laistidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
laistisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
laistidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
laistidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
laistiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
laistidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
laistidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
laistijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
laistidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
laistiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
laistidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
laistijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
laistidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
laistijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
laistidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
laistijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
laistidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
laistijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
laistidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
laistijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
laistidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
laistijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
laistidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
laistijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
laistidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
laisti (class-1 present singular weak)
laistiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
laistijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
laistid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: lǣstan

Middle English: lasten, lesten

English: last

Scots: lest

Old Frisian: lāsta, lēsta
North Frisian: laste

Old Saxon: lēstian

Middle Low German: lêsten, leisten

German Low German: leisten

Old Dutch: *lēsten

Middle Dutch: lêesten

Dutch: leesten

Old High German: leisten

Middle High German: leisten

German: leisten

Luxembourgish: leeschten

From Proto-Germanic *laistijaną. Equivalent to *laist (“a track, trace; footprint”) + *-jan.


stainīn

stainīn (masculine nominative singular)
stainīnu (feminine nominative singular)
stainīn (neuter nominative singular)
stainīnanā (accusative masculine singular)
stainīnā (accusative feminine singular)
stainīn (accusative neuter singular)
stainīnas (genitive masculine singular)
stainīneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
stainīnas (genitive neuter singular)
stainīnumē (dative masculine singular)
stainīneʀē (dative feminine singular)
stainīnumē (dative neuter singular)
stainīnu (instrumental masculine singular)
stainīneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
stainīnu (instrumental neuter singular)
stainīnē (masculine nominative plural)
stainīnō (feminine nominative plural)
stainīnu (neuter nominative plural)
stainīnā (accusative masculine plural)
stainīnā (accusative feminine plural)
stainīnu (accusative neuter plural)
stainīneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
stainīneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
stainīneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
stainīnēm (dative masculine plural)
stainīnum (dative masculine plural)
stainīnēm (dative feminine plural)
stainīnum (dative feminine plural)
stainīnēm (dative neuter plural)
stainīnum (dative neuter plural)
stainīnēm (instrumental masculine plural)
stainīnum (instrumental masculine plural)
stainīnēm (feminine instrumental plural)
stainīnum (feminine instrumental plural)
stainīnēm (instrumental neuter plural)
stainīnum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: stǣnen

Middle English: stenen, stonen

English: stonen

Old Frisian: stēnen

Old Saxon: *stēnin

Middle Low German: stênen

German Low German: stenen

Old Dutch: *stēnin

Middle Dutch: stênen

Dutch: stenen

Old High German: steinīn

Middle High German: steinīn

German: steinen (archaic)

From Proto-Germanic *stainīnaz. Equivalent to *stain (“stone”) + *-īn.


aihti

aihti (nominative singular)
aihtī (nominative plural)
aihti (accusative singular)
aihtī (accusative plural)
aihtī (genitive singular)
aihtijō (genitive plural)
aihtī (dative singular)
aihtim (dative plural)
aihtijum (dative plural)
aihtī (instrumental singular)
aihtim (instrumental plural)
aihtijum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: ǣht
Middle English: aught, ought
English: aught, ought
Scots: aucht

Old Saxon: ēht
⇒ Old Saxon: *frēht (prefixed with *fra-)
Middle Low German: vracht
German Low German: fracht
→ Middle Dutch: vracht
Dutch: vracht
Afrikaans: vrag
→ Danish: fragt
→ English: freight, fraught (possibly via Middle Dutch)
→ German: Fracht
→ Gutnish: frakt
→ Norwegian: frakt (possibly via Middle Dutch)
→ Swedish: frakt

Old Dutch: *ēht

⇒ Old Dutch: *frēht

Middle Dutch: vrecht

Old High German: ēht


faimnijā

faimnijā (nominative singular)
faimnijōn (nominative plural)
faimnijōn (accusative singular)
faimnijōn (accusative plural)
faimnijōn (genitive singular)
faimnijōnō (genitive plural)
faimnijōn (dative singular)
faimnijōm (dative plural)
faimnijum (dative plural)
faimnijōn (instrumental singular)
faimnijōm (instrumental plural)
faimnijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: fǣmne

desc

Old Frisian: fāmne, fēmne, fomne, fonna, fovne, fone

North Frisian: faamen, fomen, foomen, faamel, fømel

→ Middle Low German: fâmele

Saterland Frisian: Fauene, Fauende

West Frisian: feem, faam, faamne

→ Middle English: fonne (possibly)

English: fun, fond

→ Middle Low German: *fonne, *fone

German Low German: Foon


skaiþiju

skaiþiju (nominative singular)
skaiþijō (nominative plural)
skaiþijā (accusative singular)
skaiþijā (accusative plural)
skaiþijā (genitive singular)
skaiþijō (genitive plural)
skaiþijē (dative singular)
skaiþijōm (dative plural)
skaiþijum (dative plural)
skaiþiju (instrumental singular)
skaiþijōm (instrumental plural)
skaiþijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sċēaþ

Middle English: shethe, sheth, schethe, scheth

English: sheath, sheathe

Old Frisian: skēthe

Old Saxon: sceitha

Low German: scheed

Old Dutch: *skētha

Middle Dutch: schêde

Dutch: schede

Afrikaans: skede

Old High German: sceida, skaida

Middle High German: scheide

German: Scheide

Hunsrik: Scheed

Luxembourgish: Scheed

Yiddish: שייד (sheyd)


furbēn

furbēn (infinitive)
furbēnijas (genitive infinitive)
furbēnijē (dative infinitive)
furbēniju (infinitive instrumental)
furbē (first-person present singular)
furb?dā (first-person past singular)
furbēs (present second-person singular)
furb?dēs (past second-person singular)
furbēþ (present singular third-person)
furb?dē (past singular third-person)
furb?dā (past singular third-person)
furbēm (first-person plural present)
furb?dum (first-person past plural)
furbēþ (plural present second-person)
furb?dud (past plural second-person)
furbēnþ (plural present third-person)
furb?dun (past plural third-person)
furb?dī (first-person past singular)
furb?dī (past second-person singular)
furbē (present singular third-person)
furb?dī (past singular third-person)
furb?dīm (first-person past plural)
furb?dīd (past plural second-person)
furbēn (plural present third-person)
furb?dīn (past plural third-person)
furbē (present singular)
furbēþ (plural present)
furbēndī (participle present)
furb?d (participle past)

Old English: *feorbian, *feorfian, feormian

Middle English: fermen

English: farm (“to cleanse, clean or clear out, empty”)

Old Saxon: furbian, furvian

Old High German: furbēn

Middle High German: vurben, vürben

German: fürben

desctree

→ Old French: forbir, fourbir, furbir
Middle French: foubir
French: fourbir
→ Middle English: furbisshen
English: furbish

Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *prep- (“to appear”), or perhaps Proto-Indo-European *perkʷ- (“to clean”), cognate with Hittite 𒈦𒆪𒉿𒀭𒍣 (pár-ku-wa-an-zi /parkuwanzi/, “to make clean, to clear”).


blādrā

blādrā (nominative singular)
blādrōn (nominative plural)
blādrōn (accusative singular)
blādrōn (accusative plural)
blādrōn (genitive singular)
blādrōnō (genitive plural)
blādrōn (dative singular)
blādrōm (dative plural)
blādrum (dative plural)
blādrōn (instrumental singular)
blādrōm (instrumental plural)
blādrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: blǣdre, blæddre

desc

Middle English: bladdre, bladder, bledder

English: bladder

Old Saxon: *blādra

Middle Low German: blāder

German Low German: Bladder

Old Dutch: *blādara

Middle Dutch: blâdere, blâder, blâer

Dutch: blaar

Afrikaans: blaar

Limburgish: blaor

Old High German: blātara

Middle High German: blātere

German: Blatter

Luxembourgish: Bloder


stokōn

stokōn (infinitive)
stokōnijas (genitive infinitive)
stokōnijē (dative infinitive)
stokōniju (infinitive instrumental)
stokō (first-person present singular)
stokōdā (first-person past singular)
stokōs (present second-person singular)
stokōdēs (past second-person singular)
stokōdōs (past second-person singular)
stokōþ (present singular third-person)
stokōdē (past singular third-person)
stokōdā (past singular third-person)
stokōm (first-person plural present)
stokōdum (first-person past plural)
stokōþ (plural present second-person)
stokōdud (past plural second-person)
stokōnþ (plural present third-person)
stokōdun (past plural third-person)
stokōdī (first-person past singular)
stokōdī (past second-person singular)
stokō (present singular third-person)
stokōdī (past singular third-person)
stokōdīm (first-person past plural)
stokōdīd (past plural second-person)
stokōn (plural present third-person)
stokōdīn (past plural third-person)
stokō (present singular)
stokōþ (plural present)
stokōndī (participle present)
stokōd (participle past)

>? Old English: *stocian

Middle English: stoken (possibly a borrowing)

English: stoke

Old Saxon: *stokon

Middle Low German: stōken, stȫken, stöcken

⇒ German Low German: stökeln; stökern

Old Dutch: *stokon

Middle Dutch: stōken

Dutch: stoken

Afrikaans: stook

→ Old French: estoquer; estochier

Middle French: estoquer

French: estoquer

Spanish: estoquear

>? Old High German: *stohhōn

>? Middle High German: *stochen

q

German: stochen (since 15th c., possibly from Low German)

⇒ German: stochern


dusēn

dusēn (infinitive)
dusēnijas (genitive infinitive)
dusēnijē (dative infinitive)
dusēniju (infinitive instrumental)
dusē (first-person present singular)
dus?dā (first-person past singular)
dusēs (present second-person singular)
dus?dēs (past second-person singular)
dusēþ (present singular third-person)
dus?dē (past singular third-person)
dus?dā (past singular third-person)
dusēm (first-person plural present)
dus?dum (first-person past plural)
dusēþ (plural present second-person)
dus?dud (past plural second-person)
dusēnþ (plural present third-person)
dus?dun (past plural third-person)
dus?dī (first-person past singular)
dus?dī (past second-person singular)
dusē (present singular third-person)
dus?dī (past singular third-person)
dus?dīm (first-person past plural)
dus?dīd (past plural second-person)
dusēn (plural present third-person)
dus?dīn (past plural third-person)
dusē (present singular)
dusēþ (plural present)
dusēndī (participle present)
dus?d (participle past)

Old English: *dusian, *dosian (possibly from Old Norse dusa or dúsa)

Middle English: *dosen

English: doze, dose

Old Frisian: dusia

⇒ Old Frisian: dusinge

Old Saxon: *dusian, *dosian

desc

Middle Low German: dusen, dǖsen, dosen, deusen

Low German: dösen, dussen, dusken

→ German: dösen

⇒ Middle Low German: bedǖsen

Low German: bedösen, bedussen

→ German: bedösen

⇒ Middle Low German: dǖsinge

Old High German:

Middle High German: tûzen, dôsen (the last a loan from Low German?)

⇒ Middle High German: verdôsen

⇒ German: bedützen


dauwēn

dauwēn (infinitive)
dauwēnijas (genitive infinitive)
dauwēnijē (dative infinitive)
dauwēniju (infinitive instrumental)
dauwē (first-person present singular)
dauw?dā (first-person past singular)
dauwēs (present second-person singular)
dauw?dēs (past second-person singular)
dauwēþ (present singular third-person)
dauw?dē (past singular third-person)
dauw?dā (past singular third-person)
dauwēm (first-person plural present)
dauw?dum (first-person past plural)
dauwēþ (plural present second-person)
dauw?dud (past plural second-person)
dauwēnþ (plural present third-person)
dauw?dun (past plural third-person)
dauw?dī (first-person past singular)
dauw?dī (past second-person singular)
dauwē (present singular third-person)
dauw?dī (past singular third-person)
dauw?dīm (first-person past plural)
dauw?dīd (past plural second-person)
dauwēn (plural present third-person)
dauw?dīn (past plural third-person)
dauwē (present singular)
dauwēþ (plural present)
dauwēndī (participle present)
dauw?d (participle past)

Old English: *dēawian

desctree

Middle English: dewyn, dewe, dewey, dæwwenn
English: dew

Old Frisian: dauwa

Saterland Frisian: daue

Old Dutch: *douwon
Middle Dutch: douwen, dauwen
Dutch: dauwen

Old High German: touwēn

Middle High German: touwen

German: tauen

From Proto-Germanic *dawwāną. Equivalent to *dauw (“moisture, dew”) + *-ēn.


slīpan

slīpan (infinitive)
slīpannjas (genitive infinitive)
slīpannjē (dative infinitive)
slīpannju (infinitive instrumental)
slīpu (first-person present singular)
slaip (first-person past singular)
slīpiʀi (present second-person singular)
slipī (past second-person singular)
slīpidi (present singular third-person)
slaip (past singular third-person)
slīpum (first-person plural present)
slipum (first-person past plural)
slīpid (plural present second-person)
slipud (past plural second-person)
slīpand (plural present third-person)
slipun (past plural third-person)
slīpē (first-person present singular)
slipī (first-person past singular)
slīpēs (present second-person singular)
slīpē (present singular third-person)
slipī (past singular third-person)
slīpēm (first-person plural present)
slipīm (first-person past plural)
slīpēþ (plural present second-person)
slipīd (past plural second-person)
slīpēn (plural present third-person)
slipīn (past plural third-person)
slīp (present singular)
slīpid (plural present)
slīpandī (participle present)
slipan (participle past)

Old Frisian: slīpa

West Frisian: slypje

Old Saxon: *slīpan

Middle Low German: slîpen

Low German: sliepen

→ Swedish: slipa

→ Finnish: liipata

Old Dutch: *slīpan
Middle Dutch: slipen
Dutch: slijpen
Afrikaans: slyp
Limburgish: sliepe

Old High German: slīfan

German: schleifen


slaipijan

slaipijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
slaipijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
slaipijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
slaipijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
slaipiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
slaipidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
slaipisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
slaipidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
slaipidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
slaipiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
slaipidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
slaipidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
slaipijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
slaipidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
slaipiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
slaipidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
slaipijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
slaipidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
slaipijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
slaipidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
slaipijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
slaipidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
slaipijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
slaipidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
slaipijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
slaipidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
slaipijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
slaipidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
slaipijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
slaipidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
slaipi (class-1 present singular weak)
slaipiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
slaipijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
slaipid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Frisian: slēpa

West Frisian: slepe

Old Saxon: *slēpian

Middle Low German: slêpen

→ Middle High German: slepen

German: schleppen

Yiddish: שלעפּן (shlepn)
→ English: schlep

→ Norwegian: slepe

→ Swedish: släpa

→ Danish: slæbe

Old Dutch: *slēpen

Middle Dutch: slêpen

Dutch: slepen

Limburgish: sleipe

Old High German: sleifen

Alemannic German: schleipfe

German: schleifen

→ Danish: sløjfe


armijan

armijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
armijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
armijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
armijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
armiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
armidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
armisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
armidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
armidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
armiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
armidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
armidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
armijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
armidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
armiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
armidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
armijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
armidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
armijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
armidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
armijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
armidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
armijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
armidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
armijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
armidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
armijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
armidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
armijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
armidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
armi (class-1 present singular weak)
armiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
armijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
armid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: ierman, yrman

Middle English: ermen

Old High German: armen, ermen

Middle High German: armen, ermen

German: armen

Switzerland German: ärmen

From Proto-Germanic *armijaną. Equivalent to *arm + *-jan.


armiþu

armiþu (nominative singular)
armiþō (nominative plural)
armiþā (accusative singular)
armiþā (accusative plural)
armiþā (genitive singular)
armiþō (genitive plural)
armiþē (dative singular)
armiþōm (dative plural)
armiþum (dative plural)
armiþu (instrumental singular)
armiþōm (instrumental plural)
armiþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: iermþu, iermþ, yrmþ, yrmþo, yrmþu, irmþ, ermþ, ermþu, eormþu, earmþu
Middle English: armthe
English: armth

Old Frisian: ermithe, ermthe

Old High German: armida

Middle High German: ermede, ermde

German: Ärmde (dialectal)


armōdī

armōdī (nominative singular)
armōdiju (nominative plural)
armōdī (accusative singular)
armōdiju (accusative plural)
armōdijas (genitive singular)
armōdijō (genitive plural)
armōdijē (dative singular)
armōdijum (dative plural)
armōdiju (instrumental singular)
armōdijum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *ermmōd

⇒ Old Frisian: ermmōdich

Old Saxon: armōdi

Middle Low German: armōde, armōde

→ Danish: armod

Old Dutch: *armodi

Middle Dutch: armode, armoede

Dutch: armoede

Afrikaans: armoede

Limburgish: ermood, ermeuj

Old High German: armuoti, armmuoti

desc

Middle High German: armuote, ermuote, armet, ermet

German: Armut

Hunsrik: Aarmut

From Proto-Germanic *armōdiją. Equivalent to *arm (“alm”) + *-ōdī.


armōst

armōst (masculine nominative singular)
armōstu (feminine nominative singular)
armōst (neuter nominative singular)
armōstanā (accusative masculine singular)
armōstā (accusative feminine singular)
armōst (accusative neuter singular)
armōstas (genitive masculine singular)
armōsteʀā (feminine genitive singular)
armōstas (genitive neuter singular)
armōstumē (dative masculine singular)
armōsteʀē (dative feminine singular)
armōstumē (dative neuter singular)
armōstu (instrumental masculine singular)
armōsteʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
armōstu (instrumental neuter singular)
armōstē (masculine nominative plural)
armōstō (feminine nominative plural)
armōstu (neuter nominative plural)
armōstā (accusative masculine plural)
armōstā (accusative feminine plural)
armōstu (accusative neuter plural)
armōsteʀō (genitive masculine plural)
armōsteʀō (feminine genitive plural)
armōsteʀō (genitive neuter plural)
armōstēm (dative masculine plural)
armōstum (dative masculine plural)
armōstēm (dative feminine plural)
armōstum (dative feminine plural)
armōstēm (dative neuter plural)
armōstum (dative neuter plural)
armōstēm (instrumental masculine plural)
armōstum (instrumental masculine plural)
armōstēm (feminine instrumental plural)
armōstum (feminine instrumental plural)
armōstēm (instrumental neuter plural)
armōstum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: earmost

Old Saxon: armost

Old Dutch: *armost

Middle Dutch: armst

Dutch: armst

superlative degree of *arm (“poorest, most miserable”)


mistil

mistil (nominative singular)
mistilō (nominative plural)
mistilōs (nominative plural)
mistil (accusative singular)
mistilā (accusative plural)
mistilas (genitive singular)
mistilō (genitive plural)
mistilē (dative singular)
mistilum (dative plural)
mistilu (instrumental singular)
mistilum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: mistel
Middle English: mistel, mistell, mystil, mystill, mystyl
English: mistle
Scots: misle

Old Frisian: *mistel

West Frisian: mistel

Old Saxon: mistil

Middle Low German: mistel

German Low German: Mistel

⇒ Plautdietsch: Mistelplaunt

Old Dutch: *mistil

Middle Dutch: mistel

Dutch: mistel

Old High German: mistil

Middle High German: mistel

German: Mistel


jehan

jehan (infinitive)
jehannjas (genitive infinitive)
jehannjē (dative infinitive)
jehannju (infinitive instrumental)
jehu (first-person present singular)
jah (first-person past singular)
jihiʀi (present second-person singular)
jāgī (past second-person singular)
jihidi (present singular third-person)
jah (past singular third-person)
jehum (first-person plural present)
jāgum (first-person past plural)
jihid (plural present second-person)
jāgud (past plural second-person)
jehand (plural present third-person)
jāgun (past plural third-person)
jehē (first-person present singular)
jāgī (first-person past singular)
jehēs (present second-person singular)
jehē (present singular third-person)
jāgī (past singular third-person)
jehēm (first-person plural present)
jāgīm (first-person past plural)
jehēþ (plural present second-person)
jāgīd (past plural second-person)
jehēn (plural present third-person)
jāgīn (past plural third-person)
jih (present singular)
jihid (plural present)
jehandī (participle present)
jegan (participle past)

Old Frisian: jā

Old Saxon: *jehan; gehan, gean (<*ge-jehan)

Middle Low German: jēn, jein; gēn, gein

Old Dutch: gian
Middle Dutch: gien

Old High German: jehan, gehan

Middle High German: jëhen, gehen

German: jehen

→ Old French: gehir, geïr; gehine; gehisner

Middle French: gehir; gehenne; genner

French: gêne; gêner

Franc-Comtois: dgeinne


taiknijan

taiknijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
taiknijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
taiknijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
taiknijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
taikniju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
taiknidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
taiknisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
taiknidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
taiknidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
taikniþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
taiknidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
taiknidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
taiknijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
taiknidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
taikniþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
taiknidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
taiknijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
taiknidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
taiknijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
taiknidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
taiknijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
taiknidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
taiknijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
taiknidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
taiknijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
taiknidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
taiknijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
taiknidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
taiknijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
taiknidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
taikni (class-1 present singular weak)
taikniþ (class-1 plural present weak)
taiknijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
taiknid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: tǣcnan

Old Saxon: tēknian

Middle Low German: tēkenen

Old Dutch: *tēknen

Middle Dutch: têkenen, teikenen

Dutch: tekenen, teekenen (before 1934)
Afrikaans: teken
→ Caribbean Javanese: tèken

Limburgish: teikene

desc

Old High German: zeihhanen, zeichanen, zeihnen

Middle High German: zeichenen

German: zeichnen

From Proto-Germanic *taiknijaną. Equivalent to *taikn + *jan.


taiknōn

taiknōn (infinitive)
taiknōnijas (genitive infinitive)
taiknōnijē (dative infinitive)
taiknōniju (infinitive instrumental)
taiknō (first-person present singular)
taiknōdā (first-person past singular)
taiknōs (present second-person singular)
taiknōdēs (past second-person singular)
taiknōdōs (past second-person singular)
taiknōþ (present singular third-person)
taiknōdē (past singular third-person)
taiknōdā (past singular third-person)
taiknōm (first-person plural present)
taiknōdum (first-person past plural)
taiknōþ (plural present second-person)
taiknōdud (past plural second-person)
taiknōnþ (plural present third-person)
taiknōdun (past plural third-person)
taiknōdī (first-person past singular)
taiknōdī (past second-person singular)
taiknō (present singular third-person)
taiknōdī (past singular third-person)
taiknōdīm (first-person past plural)
taiknōdīd (past plural second-person)
taiknōn (plural present third-person)
taiknōdīn (past plural third-person)
taiknō (present singular)
taiknōþ (plural present)
taiknōndī (participle present)
taiknōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: tācnian
Middle English: toknen
English: token
Scots: taiken
→ Old Norse: tákna
Icelandic: tákna

Old Frisian: tēknia, tēkena, tēkna

Old High German: zeihhanōn, zeichanōn

Middle High German: zeichenen

German: zeichnen

From Proto-Germanic *taiknōną. Equivalent to *taikn (“a sign”) + *-ōn.


fradailijan

fradailijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
fradailijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
fradailijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
fradailijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
fradailiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fradailidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fradailisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fradailidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fradailidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fradailiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fradailidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fradailidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fradailijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fradailidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fradailiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fradailidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fradailijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fradailidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fradailijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fradailidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fradailijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fradailidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fradailijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fradailidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fradailijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fradailidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fradailijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fradailidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fradailijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fradailidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fradaili (class-1 present singular weak)
fradailiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
fradailijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
fradailid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: fordǣlan

Old Dutch: fardēlen, fardeilen, fardeilon

Middle Dutch: verdelen, verdeilen

Dutch: verdelen

Afrikaans: verdeel

Old High German: farteilen, firteilen

Middle High German: verteilen

German: verteilen

Luxembourgish: verdeelen

From Proto-Germanic *fradailijaną. Equivalent to *fra- + *dailijan.

to deal away, give away, distribute, expend


þunr

þunr (nominative singular)
þunrō (nominative plural)
þunrōs (nominative plural)
þunr (accusative singular)
þunrā (accusative plural)
þunras (genitive singular)
þunrō (genitive plural)
þunrē (dative singular)
þunrum (dative plural)
þunru (instrumental singular)
þunrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þunor, þunar, þunur, þuner, þonor
Middle English: thonder
English: thunder
Scots: thunner, thuner, thunder, thundir
Yola: dhunder, dunder

Old Frisian: thuner, thonger
West Frisian: tonger

Old Saxon: thunar, thuner

desc

Middle Low German: dunner, donner, donre, donder, dōner

Low German:

German Low German:

Hamburgisch: Dunner

Westphalian:

Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Donner

Sauerländisch: Duener, Dūner, Dunner, Dōener

Westmünsterländisch: Dunder, Dunner

Plautdietsch: Donna

Old Dutch: *thonar

desctree

Middle Dutch: donre
Dutch: donder
Afrikaans: donder
Negerhollands: donner, dondu
→ Virgin Islands Creole: dondu (dated)
→ Papiamentu: dònder, donder
→ Sranan Tongo: dondru
Aukan: dondoo, donduu
Limburgish: dónder, dónjer
West Flemish: dunder

Old High German: donar, thonar
Middle High German: toner, doner
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Dunner
Luxembourgish: Donner
German: Donner
Rhine Franconian: Dunner
Frankfurterisch: IPA [d̥onæ̆], (possible pre-1825 pronunciation) [d̥unæ̆]
Vilamovian: dunyn (likely a plural form of *duner)
Yiddish: דונער (duner)


stenan

stenan (infinitive)
stenannjas (genitive infinitive)
stenannjē (dative infinitive)
stenannju (infinitive instrumental)
stenu (first-person present singular)
stan (first-person past singular)
stiniʀi (present second-person singular)
stānī (past second-person singular)
stinidi (present singular third-person)
stan (past singular third-person)
stenum (first-person plural present)
stānum (first-person past plural)
stinid (plural present second-person)
stānud (past plural second-person)
stenand (plural present third-person)
stānun (past plural third-person)
stenē (first-person present singular)
stānī (first-person past singular)
stenēs (present second-person singular)
stenē (present singular third-person)
stānī (past singular third-person)
stenēm (first-person plural present)
stānīm (first-person past plural)
stenēþ (plural present second-person)
stānīd (past plural second-person)
stenēn (plural present third-person)
stānīn (past plural third-person)
stin (present singular)
stinid (plural present)
stenandī (participle present)
stunan (participle past)

Old English: stenan, stinan

>? Middle English: stenen, steynen (regarded as byforms of stunien)

Old Saxon: *stenan

q

Middle Low German: stēnen, stȫnen (rounded form perhaps merged with *stunōn or *stunnjan)

Low German: stöhnen

→? Middle High German: stenen (northern)

German: stöhnen

Old Dutch: *stenan

Middle Dutch: stēnen

Dutch: stenen, steunen (rounded form perhaps merged with *stunōn or *stunnjan)


swelan

swelan (infinitive)
swelannjas (genitive infinitive)
swelannjē (dative infinitive)
swelannju (infinitive instrumental)
swelu (first-person present singular)
swal (first-person past singular)
swiliʀi (present second-person singular)
swālī (past second-person singular)
swilidi (present singular third-person)
swal (past singular third-person)
swelum (first-person plural present)
swālum (first-person past plural)
swilid (plural present second-person)
swālud (past plural second-person)
sweland (plural present third-person)
swālun (past plural third-person)
swelē (first-person present singular)
swālī (first-person past singular)
swelēs (present second-person singular)
swelē (present singular third-person)
swālī (past singular third-person)
swelēm (first-person plural present)
swālīm (first-person past plural)
swelēþ (plural present second-person)
swālīd (past plural second-person)
swelēn (plural present third-person)
swālīn (past plural third-person)
swil (present singular)
swilid (plural present)
swelandī (participle present)
swolan (participle past)

Old English: swelan

Middle English: swelen

English: sweal

Old Saxon: *swelan

Middle Low German: swelen, swēlen

German Low German: swelen

→ German: schwelen

Old Dutch: *swelan

Middle Dutch: swelen

Dutch: zwelen

Old High German: *swelan

⇒ Old High German: erswelan


swiknu

swiknu (nominative singular)
swiknō (nominative plural)
swiknā (accusative singular)
swiknā (accusative plural)
swiknā (genitive singular)
swiknō (genitive plural)
swiknē (dative singular)
swiknōm (dative plural)
swiknum (dative plural)
swiknu (instrumental singular)
swiknōm (instrumental plural)
swiknum (instrumental plural)

Old English: swicn


aglijan

aglijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
aglijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
aglijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
aglijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
agliju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
aglidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
aglisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
aglidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
aglidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
agliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
aglidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
aglidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
aglijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
aglidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
agliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
aglidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
aglijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
aglidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
aglijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
aglidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
aglijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
aglidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
aglijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
aglidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
aglijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
aglidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
aglijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
aglidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
aglijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
aglidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
agli (class-1 present singular weak)
agliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
aglijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
aglid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: eġlan, eġlian, elan
Middle English: eilen, eilien, alen
English: ail
Scots: ail
Yola: teil

>? Old Saxon: *eglan

desc

Middle Low German: egelen, echelen, ekelen, eichelen

Low German: aicheln

→ German: ekeln

→ Luxembourgish: eekelen


asnī

asnī (nominative singular)
asnijō (nominative plural)
asnijōs (nominative plural)
asnī (accusative singular)
asnijā (accusative plural)
asnijas (genitive singular)
asnijō (genitive plural)
asnijē (dative singular)
asnijum (dative plural)
asniju (instrumental singular)
asnijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: esne

Middle English: esne

→ English: esne

Old Saxon: *asni

Middle Low German: asne, asnen

Old High German: asni, esni

⇒ Old High German: asnāri


alinu

alinu (nominative singular)
alinō (nominative plural)
alinā (accusative singular)
alinā (accusative plural)
alinā (genitive singular)
alinō (genitive plural)
alinē (dative singular)
alinōm (dative plural)
alinum (dative plural)
alinu (instrumental singular)
alinōm (instrumental plural)
alinum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: eln
Middle English: elne, elle, ellen, eln, ellyn
English: ell
Scots: elne, ellne, eln, el, ell

Old Frisian: elne, ielne

Saterland Frisian: Äälne

West Frisian: jelne, jellen

Old Saxon: elina
Middle Low German: elne
German Low German: Ell

Old Dutch: *elina

Middle Dutch: elle, elne

Dutch: el

Old High German: elina, elena, elna, elle
Middle High German: elline, elne, elle, eln, ellen, ele
Cimbrian: élla
German: Elle

→ Vulgar Latin: *alina (also possibly from Gothic)

Old French: alne

Middle French: aune

French: aune

→ Italian: auna


agisō

agisō (nominative singular)
agisan (nominative plural)
agisan (accusative singular)
agisan (accusative plural)
agisini (genitive singular)
agisan (genitive singular)
agisanō (genitive plural)
agisini (dative singular)
agisan (dative singular)
agisum (dative plural)
agisini (instrumental singular)
agisan (instrumental singular)
agisum (instrumental plural)

Old English: eġesa

Old Saxon: egiso

Old High German: egiso


hnaskwī

hnaskwī (masculine nominative singular)
hnaskwiju (feminine nominative singular)
hnaskwī (neuter nominative singular)
hnaskwijanā (accusative masculine singular)
hnaskwijā (accusative feminine singular)
hnaskwī (accusative neuter singular)
hnaskwijas (genitive masculine singular)
hnaskwijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
hnaskwijas (genitive neuter singular)
hnaskwijumē (dative masculine singular)
hnaskwijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
hnaskwijumē (dative neuter singular)
hnaskwiju (instrumental masculine singular)
hnaskwijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
hnaskwiju (instrumental neuter singular)
hnaskwijē (masculine nominative plural)
hnaskwijō (feminine nominative plural)
hnaskwiju (neuter nominative plural)
hnaskwijā (accusative masculine plural)
hnaskwijā (accusative feminine plural)
hnaskwiju (accusative neuter plural)
hnaskwijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
hnaskwijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
hnaskwijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
hnaskwijēm (dative masculine plural)
hnaskwijum (dative masculine plural)
hnaskwijēm (dative feminine plural)
hnaskwijum (dative feminine plural)
hnaskwijēm (dative neuter plural)
hnaskwijum (dative neuter plural)
hnaskwijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
hnaskwijum (instrumental masculine plural)
hnaskwijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
hnaskwijum (feminine instrumental plural)
hnaskwijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
hnaskwijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: hnæsċe, hnesċe, hnysċe

Middle English: nesche

Scots: nesch, nesh

English: nesh

Old Dutch: *neski, *nesc

Middle Dutch: nesch, nisch

Dutch: nes

From Proto-Germanic *hnaskuz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


fatil

fatil (nominative singular)
fatilō (nominative plural)
fatilōs (nominative plural)
fatil (accusative singular)
fatilā (accusative plural)
fatilas (genitive singular)
fatilō (genitive plural)
fatilē (dative singular)
fatilum (dative plural)
fatilu (instrumental singular)
fatilum (instrumental plural)

Old English: fetel
Middle English: *fetel
English: fettle (dialectal)
Scots: fettel (possibly from Old Norse fetill)

Old Saxon: *fetil

Middle Low German: vētel, vettel f

German Low German: Fiedel, Fiddel m

Old Dutch: *fetil

Middle Dutch: vetel

Dutch: vetel (dialectal)

Old High German: fezzil

Middle High German: vezzel

German: Fessel


hadin

hadin (nominative singular)
hadinō (nominative plural)
hadinōs (nominative plural)
hadin (accusative singular)
hadinā (accusative plural)
hadinas (genitive singular)
hadinō (genitive plural)
hadinē (dative singular)
hadinum (dative plural)
hadinu (instrumental singular)
hadinum (instrumental plural)

Old English: heden


abnijan

abnijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
abnijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
abnijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
abnijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
abniju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
abnidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
abnisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
abnidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
abnidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
abniþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
abnidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
abnidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
abnijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
abnidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
abniþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
abnidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
abnijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
abnidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
abnijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
abnidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
abnijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
abnidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
abnijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
abnidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
abnijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
abnidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
abnijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
abnidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
abnijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
abnidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
abni (class-1 present singular weak)
abniþ (class-1 plural present weak)
abnijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
abnid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: æfnan, efnan

(Anglo-Frisian) to perform, to carry out


hrappijan

hrappijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hrappijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hrappijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hrappijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hrappiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hrappidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hrappisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hrappidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hrappidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hrappiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hrappidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hrappidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hrappijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hrappidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hrappiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hrappidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hrappijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hrappidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hrappijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hrappidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hrappijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hrappidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hrappijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hrappidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hrappijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hrappidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hrappijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hrappidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hrappijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hrappidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hrappi (class-1 present singular weak)
hrappiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hrappijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hrappid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: hreppan, (hrepian)

Middle English: repen

English: repe; rap, rape (to scratch)

Old Frisian: hreppa, reppa

North Frisian: rippe

Saterland Frisian: räppe

West Frisian: reppe

⇒ Old Frisian: bihreppa

Old Saxon: *hreppian

Middle Low German: reppen

Low German: reppen

Old Dutch: *reppen

Middle Dutch: reppen

Dutch: reppen

Afrikaans: rep

Old High German: *hrapfen, *hraffen

Middle High German: raffen, reffen

German: raffen

From Proto-Germanic *hrappijaną, *hrapjaną.


agiþā

agiþā (nominative singular)
agiþōn (nominative plural)
agiþōn (accusative singular)
agiþōn (accusative plural)
agiþōn (genitive singular)
agiþōnō (genitive plural)
agiþōn (dative singular)
agiþōm (dative plural)
agiþum (dative plural)
agiþōn (instrumental singular)
agiþōm (instrumental plural)
agiþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: eġeþe

Middle English: eythe

Old Frisian: eide

Old Saxon: egitha

Old Dutch: *egitha

Middle Dutch: ēgede, ēegde

Old High German: egida

Middle High German: egede, egde

Cimbrian: égata

Early Modern German: eide


rafsijan

rafsijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
rafsijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
rafsijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
rafsijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
rafsiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
rafsidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
rafsisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
rafsidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rafsidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rafsiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
rafsidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rafsidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rafsijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
rafsidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
rafsiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
rafsidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
rafsijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
rafsidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
rafsijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
rafsidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
rafsijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
rafsidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rafsijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
rafsidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rafsijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
rafsidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
rafsijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
rafsidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
rafsijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
rafsidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
rafsi (class-1 present singular weak)
rafsiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
rafsijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
rafsid (class-1 participle past weak)

desc

Old English: refsan, ræpsan, ræfsan, repsan

Old Frisian: *repsa, respa, *respja

West Frisian: rispje

Old Saxon: repsian, ripsōn

Middle Low German: *rispen

Low German: rispen

desctree

Old Dutch: respen, *repsen
Middle Dutch: *respen
⇒ Middle Dutch: berepsen, berespen, berispen
Dutch: berispen
Afrikaans: berispe
→ English: berisp

desc

Old High German: rafsjan, refsen, repsen, respen

Middle High German: refsen, respen

berispje

Old Frisian: birespa, *birepsa; West Frisian

berispen

Middle Low German: berepsen, berispen; Low German

berefsen

Old High German: birefsen; Middle High German


rastijan

rastijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
rastijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
rastijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
rastijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
rastiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
rastidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
rastisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
rastidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rastidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rastiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
rastidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rastidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rastijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
rastidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
rastiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
rastidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
rastijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
rastidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
rastijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
rastidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
rastijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
rastidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rastijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
rastidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rastijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
rastidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
rastijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
rastidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
rastijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
rastidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
rasti (class-1 present singular weak)
rastiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
rastijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
rastid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: restan
Middle English: resten
English: rest
Scots: rest

merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmw-pro">*rustijan</i>

Old Frisian: resta (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *rustijan)
Saterland Frisian: rääste
West Frisian: rêste

Old Saxon: restian

Middle Low German: resten

Old Dutch: *resten

Middle Dutch: resten

Old High German: resten

Middle High German: resten


pīk

pīk (nominative singular)
pīkō (nominative plural)
pīkōs (nominative plural)
pīk (accusative singular)
pīkā (accusative plural)
pīkas (genitive singular)
pīkō (genitive plural)
pīkē (dative singular)
pīkum (dative plural)
pīku (instrumental singular)
pīkum (instrumental plural)

Old English: pīc

Middle English: pyke, pike, pyk (partially from Old French pike)

English: pike

Old Dutch: *pīk

>? Middle Dutch: pike m or f

Dutch: piek

Afrikaans: piek

Old High German: *pīk

German: Peik (dialectal)


kweran

kweran (infinitive)
kwerannjas (genitive infinitive)
kwerannjē (dative infinitive)
kwerannju (infinitive instrumental)
kweru (first-person present singular)
kwar (first-person past singular)
kwiriʀi (present second-person singular)
kwārī (past second-person singular)
kwiridi (present singular third-person)
kwar (past singular third-person)
kwerum (first-person plural present)
kwārum (first-person past plural)
kwirid (plural present second-person)
kwārud (past plural second-person)
kwerand (plural present third-person)
kwārun (past plural third-person)
kwerē (first-person present singular)
kwārī (first-person past singular)
kwerēs (present second-person singular)
kwerē (present singular third-person)
kwārī (past singular third-person)
kwerēm (first-person plural present)
kwārīm (first-person past plural)
kwerēþ (plural present second-person)
kwārīd (past plural second-person)
kwerēn (plural present third-person)
kwārīn (past plural third-person)
kwir (present singular)
kwirid (plural present)
kwerandī (participle present)
koran (participle past)

⇒ Old English: *cweart

⇒ Old English: cweartern, *cweartærn
Middle English: quartern

Old Saxon: *kweran

desc

Middle Low German: quēren, querren, quarren

German Low German: quarren

→ German: quarren

Old High German: kweran, queran

⇒ Old High German: irkweran, irqueran


skrappōn

skrappōn (infinitive)
skrappōnijas (genitive infinitive)
skrappōnijē (dative infinitive)
skrappōniju (infinitive instrumental)
skrappō (first-person present singular)
skrappōdā (first-person past singular)
skrappōs (present second-person singular)
skrappōdēs (past second-person singular)
skrappōdōs (past second-person singular)
skrappōþ (present singular third-person)
skrappōdē (past singular third-person)
skrappōdā (past singular third-person)
skrappōm (first-person plural present)
skrappōdum (first-person past plural)
skrappōþ (plural present second-person)
skrappōdud (past plural second-person)
skrappōnþ (plural present third-person)
skrappōdun (past plural third-person)
skrappōdī (first-person past singular)
skrappōdī (past second-person singular)
skrappō (present singular third-person)
skrappōdī (past singular third-person)
skrappōdīm (first-person past plural)
skrappōdīd (past plural second-person)
skrappōn (plural present third-person)
skrappōdīn (past plural third-person)
skrappō (present singular)
skrappōþ (plural present)
skrappōndī (participle present)
skrappōd (participle past)

Old Dutch: *scrabon, *scrabbon, *scrappon

Middle Dutch: schrāven, schrabben, schrappen

Dutch: schrappen

Old High German: *skraffōn

Middle High German: schraffen


skrepan

skrepan (infinitive)
skrepannjas (genitive infinitive)
skrepannjē (dative infinitive)
skrepannju (infinitive instrumental)
skrepu (first-person present singular)
skrap (first-person past singular)
skripiʀi (present second-person singular)
skrāpī (past second-person singular)
skripidi (present singular third-person)
skrap (past singular third-person)
skrepum (first-person plural present)
skrāpum (first-person past plural)
skripid (plural present second-person)
skrāpud (past plural second-person)
skrepand (plural present third-person)
skrāpun (past plural third-person)
skrepē (first-person present singular)
skrāpī (first-person past singular)
skrepēs (present second-person singular)
skrepē (present singular third-person)
skrāpī (past singular third-person)
skrepēm (first-person plural present)
skrāpīm (first-person past plural)
skrepēþ (plural present second-person)
skrāpīd (past plural second-person)
skrepēn (plural present third-person)
skrāpīn (past plural third-person)
skrip (present singular)
skripid (plural present)
skrepandī (participle present)
skrepan (participle past)

Old English: sċrepan

Middle English: screpen, schrepen

Old Saxon: *skrepan

Middle Low German: schrēpen

Old Dutch: *skrepan

Middle Dutch: schrēpen

Old High German: *skrepfan, *skreffan

Middle High German: schepfen, schreffen, schrefen, schreven

German: schröpfen (partially)


kwerku

kwerku (nominative singular)
kwerkō (nominative plural)
kwerkā (accusative singular)
kwerkā (accusative plural)
kwerkā (genitive singular)
kwerkō (genitive plural)
kwerkē (dative singular)
kwerkōm (dative plural)
kwerkum (dative plural)
kwerku (instrumental singular)
kwerkōm (instrumental plural)
kwerkum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *querka

Middle Low German: querke, quarke

Old High German: querka, querkala, querkela


birhtijan

birhtijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
birhtijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
birhtijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
birhtijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
birhtiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
birhtidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
birhtisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
birhtidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
birhtidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
birhtiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
birhtidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
birhtidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
birhtijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
birhtidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
birhtiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
birhtidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
birhtijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
birhtidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
birhtijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
birhtidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
birhtijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
birhtidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
birhtijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
birhtidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
birhtijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
birhtidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
birhtijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
birhtidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
birhtijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
birhtidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
birhti (class-1 present singular weak)
birhtiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
birhtijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
birhtid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: birhtan, brihtan, bierhtan, bryhtan, beorhtan

Middle English: brihten, briʒten, brighten, bryghten

English: brighten

From Proto-Germanic *birhtijaną. Equivalent to *berht (“bright”) + *-jan or *birhtī (“brightness”) + *-jan.

(Anglo-Frisian) to brighten, shine, make clear


streþan

streþan (infinitive)
streþannjas (genitive infinitive)
streþannjē (dative infinitive)
streþannju (infinitive instrumental)
streþu (first-person present singular)
straþ (first-person past singular)
striþiʀi (present second-person singular)
strādī (past second-person singular)
striþidi (present singular third-person)
straþ (past singular third-person)
streþum (first-person plural present)
strādum (first-person past plural)
striþid (plural present second-person)
strādud (past plural second-person)
streþand (plural present third-person)
strādun (past plural third-person)
streþē (first-person present singular)
strādī (first-person past singular)
streþēs (present second-person singular)
streþē (present singular third-person)
strādī (past singular third-person)
streþēm (first-person plural present)
strādīm (first-person past plural)
streþēþ (plural present second-person)
strādīd (past plural second-person)
streþēn (plural present third-person)
strādīn (past plural third-person)
striþ (present singular)
striþid (plural present)
streþandī (participle present)
stredan (participle past)

Old High German: stredan

Middle High German: streden

⇒ German: strudeln


staþu

staþu (nominative singular)
staþō (nominative plural)
staþā (accusative singular)
staþā (accusative plural)
staþā (genitive singular)
staþō (genitive plural)
staþē (dative singular)
staþōm (dative plural)
staþum (dative plural)
staþu (instrumental singular)
staþōm (instrumental plural)
staþum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *statha

Middle Low German: stade f

Feminine derivation of Proto-Germanic *staþô.


hūsijan

hūsijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hūsijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hūsijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hūsijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hūsiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hūsidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hūsisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hūsidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hūsidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hūsiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hūsidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hūsidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hūsijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hūsidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hūsiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hūsidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hūsijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hūsidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hūsijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hūsidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hūsijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hūsidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hūsijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hūsidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hūsijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hūsidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hūsijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hūsidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hūsijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hūsidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hūsi (class-1 present singular weak)
hūsiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hūsijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hūsid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *husian

Middle Low German: husen

From Proto-Germanic *hūsijaną. Equivalent to *hūs (“house”) + *-jan.


hūsōn

hūsōn (infinitive)
hūsōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hūsōnijē (dative infinitive)
hūsōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hūsō (first-person present singular)
hūsōdā (first-person past singular)
hūsōs (present second-person singular)
hūsōdēs (past second-person singular)
hūsōdōs (past second-person singular)
hūsōþ (present singular third-person)
hūsōdē (past singular third-person)
hūsōdā (past singular third-person)
hūsōm (first-person plural present)
hūsōdum (first-person past plural)
hūsōþ (plural present second-person)
hūsōdud (past plural second-person)
hūsōnþ (plural present third-person)
hūsōdun (past plural third-person)
hūsōdī (first-person past singular)
hūsōdī (past second-person singular)
hūsō (present singular third-person)
hūsōdī (past singular third-person)
hūsōdīm (first-person past plural)
hūsōdīd (past plural second-person)
hūsōn (plural present third-person)
hūsōdīn (past plural third-person)
hūsō (present singular)
hūsōþ (plural present)
hūsōndī (participle present)
hūsōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: hūsian
Middle English: housen, house, howse, howsen, howsyn, huse
English: house
Scots: house, hoose

Old Frisian: hūsia

West Frisian: húzje

Old Saxon: *hūson

Low German: husen

Old Dutch: *hūson

Middle Dutch: husen

Dutch: huizen

Old High German: hūsōn

Middle High German: hūsen

German: hausen

From Proto-Germanic *hūsōną. Equivalent to *hūs (“house”) + *-ōn.


hūs

hūs (nominative singular)
hūsu (nominative plural)
hūs (accusative singular)
hūsu (accusative plural)
hūsas (genitive singular)
hūsō (genitive plural)
hūsē (dative singular)
hūsum (dative plural)
hūsu (instrumental singular)
hūsum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hūs
Middle English: hous, hus, hows, house
English: house (see there for further descendants)
Geordie English: hoose
Scots: hoose
Yola: heouse, houze, howze

Old Frisian: hūs
North Frisian:
Föhr-Amrum, Mooring: hüs
Saterland Frisian: Húus, Huus
West Frisian: hûs

Old Saxon: hūs
Middle Low German: hûs
German Low German: Huus, Hus, Hûs, Hius
Dutch Low Saxon: huus, hoes (Achterhoeks, Drents, Gronings, Sallands, Twents)
Plautdietsch: Hus

Old Dutch: hūs
Middle Dutch: huus
Dutch: huis
Afrikaans: huis
Javindo: guis, huis, geis, heis
Jersey Dutch: häus
Negerhollands: hoes, hus, huus
→ Virgin Islands Creole: hus (dated)
Petjo: heis
Skepi Creole Dutch: huis, hoose
Limburgish: hoes

Old High German: hūs
Middle High German: hūs, hous
Alemannic German: Hus, Huus
Alsatian: Hüs
Walser: hus, hüs, husch, hüüsch, hous
Bavarian: Haus
Cimbrian: haus
Mòcheno: haus
Udinese: haus
Central Franconian: Haus (Moselle Franconian)
Hunsrik: Haus
Luxembourgish: Haus
Britten: [haʊ̯s]
Central Franconian: Huus (Ripuarian)
Kölsch: Huus [huːs]
German: Haus
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Haus
Vilamovian: haojs
Yiddish: הויז (hoyz)


plegōn

plegōn (infinitive)
plegōnijas (genitive infinitive)
plegōnijē (dative infinitive)
plegōniju (infinitive instrumental)
plegō (first-person present singular)
plegōdā (first-person past singular)
plegōs (present second-person singular)
plegōdēs (past second-person singular)
plegōdōs (past second-person singular)
plegōþ (present singular third-person)
plegōdē (past singular third-person)
plegōdā (past singular third-person)
plegōm (first-person plural present)
plegōdum (first-person past plural)
plegōþ (plural present second-person)
plegōdud (past plural second-person)
plegōnþ (plural present third-person)
plegōdun (past plural third-person)
plegōdī (first-person past singular)
plegōdī (past second-person singular)
plegō (present singular third-person)
plegōdī (past singular third-person)
plegōdīm (first-person past plural)
plegōdīd (past plural second-person)
plegōn (plural present third-person)
plegōdīn (past plural third-person)
plegō (present singular)
plegōþ (plural present)
plegōndī (participle present)
plegōd (participle past)

Old English: plegian, plægian, plagian
Middle English: pleiȝen, pleien, plaien, plaȝen, plawen
English: play, plaw
Scots: play
→ Old Norse: plaga
Faroese: plaga

Old Frisian: plegia, pligia

Saterland Frisian: pleegje

West Frisian: pleegje, pliigje

Old Saxon: *plegōn

desc

Middle Low German: plēgen, pleggen, pleyen (weak forms)

German Low German: plegen (weak forms)

Old Dutch: *plegon, *plagon

Middle Dutch: plēgen, plēyen, plagen

Dutch: pleien, plegen, plagen

Old High German: *pflegōn

Middle High German: pflegen, phlegen (weak verb)

German: pflegen (weak forms)

From *plegō (“an exercise, game”) + *-ōn.


funkōn

funkōn (infinitive)
funkōnijas (genitive infinitive)
funkōnijē (dative infinitive)
funkōniju (infinitive instrumental)
funkō (first-person present singular)
funkōdā (first-person past singular)
funkōs (present second-person singular)
funkōdēs (past second-person singular)
funkōdōs (past second-person singular)
funkōþ (present singular third-person)
funkōdē (past singular third-person)
funkōdā (past singular third-person)
funkōm (first-person plural present)
funkōdum (first-person past plural)
funkōþ (plural present second-person)
funkōdud (past plural second-person)
funkōnþ (plural present third-person)
funkōdun (past plural third-person)
funkōdī (first-person past singular)
funkōdī (past second-person singular)
funkō (present singular third-person)
funkōdī (past singular third-person)
funkōdīm (first-person past plural)
funkōdīd (past plural second-person)
funkōn (plural present third-person)
funkōdīn (past plural third-person)
funkō (present singular)
funkōþ (plural present)
funkōndī (participle present)
funkōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: *funkia

West Frisian: fûnkje, fonkje

Old Saxon: *funkōn

Middle Low German: vunken

German Low German: funken

desctree

Old Dutch: *funcon
Middle Dutch: vonken
Dutch: vonken

Old High German: *funkōn

Middle High German: vunken

German: funken

Unknown; presumably from Proto-Germanic *funkōną, from earlier paradigm *funkᵏōþi ~ *fungunanþi, from pre-Proto-Germanic *punk-nā́-ti ~ *punk-un-ánti, iterative to *finkan (“to sparkle, burn”). A connection to Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ (“fire”) is considered unlikely.
Equivalent to *funkō (“spark”) + *-ōn.


finkan

finkan (infinitive)
finkannjas (genitive infinitive)
finkannjē (dative infinitive)
finkannju (infinitive instrumental)
finku (first-person present singular)
fank (first-person past singular)
finkiʀi (present second-person singular)
funkī (past second-person singular)
finkidi (present singular third-person)
fank (past singular third-person)
finkum (first-person plural present)
funkum (first-person past plural)
finkid (plural present second-person)
funkud (past plural second-person)
finkand (plural present third-person)
funkun (past plural third-person)
finkē (first-person present singular)
funkī (first-person past singular)
finkēs (present second-person singular)
finkē (present singular third-person)
funkī (past singular third-person)
finkēm (first-person plural present)
funkīm (first-person past plural)
finkēþ (plural present second-person)
funkīd (past plural second-person)
finkēn (plural present third-person)
funkīn (past plural third-person)
fink (present singular)
finkid (plural present)
finkandī (participle present)
funkan (participle past)

Old Dutch: *finkan

Middle Dutch: vinken

Old High German: *finkan

⇒ Old High German: *finklōn

Middle High German: finkeln

German: finkeln

Unknown; perhaps either influenced by, replacing expected *fį̄han, or secondary strong verb to, iterative *funkōn, *fungōn (“to sparkle”), related to causative *fangijan, *fankijan (“to ignite”).


jāmar

jāmar (masculine nominative singular)
jāmaru (feminine nominative singular)
jāmar (neuter nominative singular)
jāmaranā (accusative masculine singular)
jāmarā (accusative feminine singular)
jāmar (accusative neuter singular)
jāmaras (genitive masculine singular)
jāmareʀā (feminine genitive singular)
jāmaras (genitive neuter singular)
jāmarumē (dative masculine singular)
jāmareʀē (dative feminine singular)
jāmarumē (dative neuter singular)
jāmaru (instrumental masculine singular)
jāmareʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
jāmaru (instrumental neuter singular)
jāmarē (masculine nominative plural)
jāmarō (feminine nominative plural)
jāmaru (neuter nominative plural)
jāmarā (accusative masculine plural)
jāmarā (accusative feminine plural)
jāmaru (accusative neuter plural)
jāmareʀō (genitive masculine plural)
jāmareʀō (feminine genitive plural)
jāmareʀō (genitive neuter plural)
jāmarēm (dative masculine plural)
jāmarum (dative masculine plural)
jāmarēm (dative feminine plural)
jāmarum (dative feminine plural)
jāmarēm (dative neuter plural)
jāmarum (dative neuter plural)
jāmarēm (instrumental masculine plural)
jāmarum (instrumental masculine plural)
jāmarēm (feminine instrumental plural)
jāmarum (feminine instrumental plural)
jāmarēm (instrumental neuter plural)
jāmarum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: ġeōmor, ġēomor

Middle English: ȝeomere, yomer

Old Frisian: jāmer

⇒ Saterland Frisian: jammerje

West Frisian: jammer

Old Saxon: jāmar

Middle Low German: jâmer, jammer

→ Old Danish: iæmber

Danish: jammer

→ Swedish: jämmer

Old Dutch: jamer

Middle Dutch: jâmer, jammer

desctree

Dutch: jammer
Afrikaans: jammer
Negerhollands: jammer, jamer
→ Caribbean Javanese: yamer

Old High German: jāmar, āmar


funkō

funkō (nominative singular)
funkan (nominative plural)
funkan (accusative singular)
funkan (accusative plural)
funkini (genitive singular)
funkan (genitive singular)
funkanō (genitive plural)
funkini (dative singular)
funkan (dative singular)
funkum (dative plural)
funkini (instrumental singular)
funkan (instrumental singular)
funkum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *funca

Middle English: funke, fonke

English: funk

⇒? English: spunk (possibly blent with spark)

⇒? Scots: spunk, sponk (possibly blent with spark)

Old Frisian: *funka

Saterland Frisian: Funke

West Frisian: fonk, fûnk

Old Saxon: *funko

Middle Low German: vunke

German Low German: Funk

Low German: Fonk

→ Danish: funke

→ Norwegian Bokmål: funke

Old Dutch: *funko

Middle Dutch: vonke

Dutch: vonk

Limburgish: vónk

Old High German: funcho, funko, funco
Middle High German: vunke
German: Funke
Luxembourgish: Fonk
Yiddish: פֿונק (funk)


haimī

haimī (masculine nominative singular)
haimiju (feminine nominative singular)
haimī (neuter nominative singular)
haimijanā (accusative masculine singular)
haimijā (accusative feminine singular)
haimī (accusative neuter singular)
haimijas (genitive masculine singular)
haimijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
haimijas (genitive neuter singular)
haimijumē (dative masculine singular)
haimijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
haimijumē (dative neuter singular)
haimiju (instrumental masculine singular)
haimijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
haimiju (instrumental neuter singular)
haimijē (masculine nominative plural)
haimijō (feminine nominative plural)
haimiju (neuter nominative plural)
haimijā (accusative masculine plural)
haimijā (accusative feminine plural)
haimiju (accusative neuter plural)
haimijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
haimijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
haimijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
haimijēm (dative masculine plural)
haimijum (dative masculine plural)
haimijēm (dative feminine plural)
haimijum (dative feminine plural)
haimijēm (dative neuter plural)
haimijum (dative neuter plural)
haimijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
haimijum (instrumental masculine plural)
haimijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
haimijum (feminine instrumental plural)
haimijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
haimijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: *hǣme

⇒ Old English: ġehǣme

⇒ Old English: *hǣming

Old High German: *heimi

⇒ Old High German: heimo

⇒ Old High German: heimilo

⇒ Old High German: heimilī

From Proto-Germanic *haimijaz. Equivalent to *haim (“home”) + *-ī (adjective suffix).