darnijan

darnijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
darnijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
darnijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
darnijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
darniju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
darnidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
darnisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
darnidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
darnidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
darniþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
darnidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
darnidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
darnijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
darnidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
darniþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
darnidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
darnijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
darnidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
darnijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
darnidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
darnijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
darnidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
darnijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
darnidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
darnijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
darnidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
darnijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
darnidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
darnijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
darnidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
darni (class-1 present singular weak)
darniþ (class-1 plural present weak)
darnijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
darnid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: diernan, dyrnan

gl

merged with descendant of Old English <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">*dearnian</i>

Middle English: dærnen, dernen (merged with descendant of Old English *dearnian)

English: darn, dern

Scots: dern, darn

Old Saxon: dernian

Old Dutch: *dernen

Middle Dutch: dernen

Old High German: tarnen, *ternen

Middle High German: ternen

→ Old French: ternir

Middle French: ternir

French: ternir

→ Middle English: ternysshen

English: tarnish

Old English: *dearnianMiddle English: dærnen

dernenEnglish: darnScots: dern

merged with descendant of Old English diernan


gaʀdi

gaʀdi (nominative singular)
gaʀdijō (nominative plural)
gaʀdijā (accusative singular)
gaʀdijā (accusative plural)
gaʀdijā (genitive singular)
gaʀdijō (genitive plural)
gaʀdijē (dative singular)
gaʀdijōm (dative plural)
gaʀdijum (dative plural)
gaʀdiju (instrumental singular)
gaʀdijōm (instrumental plural)
gaʀdijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġierd, ġird, ġyrd

Middle English: ȝerde, yerde, yarde

English: yard

Scots: ȝerde, yerd, yeird, yeard, yaird

>? Old English: ġeard (possibly dissimilated in gender from Proto-West Germanic *gaʀd m)

Old Frisian: jerde

North Frisian: jord, joard

Saterland Frisian: Jädde, Jäd

Old Saxon: gerdia

Middle Low German: gērde

Old Dutch: *gerda

Middle Dutch: gerde, garde, gāerde

Dutch: garde

Old High German: gerta, gartea

Middle High German: gerte

German: Gerte

From Proto-Germanic *gazdaz (“spike, goad”). Compare *gaʀd (“goad”).


gaʀd

gaʀd (nominative singular)
gaʀdō (nominative plural)
gaʀdōs (nominative plural)
gaʀd (accusative singular)
gaʀdā (accusative plural)
gaʀdas (genitive singular)
gaʀdō (genitive plural)
gaʀdē (dative singular)
gaʀdum (dative plural)
gaʀdu (instrumental singular)
gaʀdum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġeard f

merged with descendant of Old English <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">ġierd</i>

Middle English: ȝearde, ȝard (merged with descendant of Old English ġierd)

English: yard

Scots: yaird

Old Saxon: gard m or f

Middle Low German: gart f

Old Dutch: *gard

Middle Dutch: gart, gāert m

Dutch: gard

Old High German: gart m

Middle High German: gart

German: Gart


hardijan

hardijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hardijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hardijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hardijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hardiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hardidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hardisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hardidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hardidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hardiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hardidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hardidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hardijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hardidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hardiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hardidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hardijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hardidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hardijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hardidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hardijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hardidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hardijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hardidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hardijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hardidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hardijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hardidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hardijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hardidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hardi (class-1 present singular weak)
hardiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hardijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hardid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: hierdan, herdan, hyrdan, hirdan
Middle English: herden, harden (merged with descendant of Old English heardian)
English: hard (obsolete)

Old Frisian: herda

Old Dutch: *herden

Middle Dutch: herden, harden

Dutch: harden

Afrikaans: hard

Old High German: herten

Middle High German: herten

German: härten

→ Old French: hardir

French: hardi

→ English: hardy

From Proto-Germanic *hardijaną. Equivalent to *hard(ī) (“hard”) + *-jan.


hard(ī)

head

*hard(ī) (comparative *hardiʀō, superlative *hardist)

hard (canonical)
hardiʀō (comparative)
hardist (superlative)
ī (romanization)
hard (masculine nominative singular)
hardu (feminine nominative singular)
hard (neuter nominative singular)
hardanā (accusative masculine singular)
hardā (accusative feminine singular)
hard (accusative neuter singular)
hardas (genitive masculine singular)
hardeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
hardas (genitive neuter singular)
hardumē (dative masculine singular)
hardeʀē (dative feminine singular)
hardumē (dative neuter singular)
hardu (instrumental masculine singular)
hardeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
hardu (instrumental neuter singular)
hardē (masculine nominative plural)
hardō (feminine nominative plural)
hardu (neuter nominative plural)
hardā (accusative masculine plural)
hardā (accusative feminine plural)
hardu (accusative neuter plural)
hardeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
hardeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
hardeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
hardēm (dative masculine plural)
hardum (dative masculine plural)
hardēm (dative feminine plural)
hardum (dative feminine plural)
hardēm (dative neuter plural)
hardum (dative neuter plural)
hardēm (instrumental masculine plural)
hardum (instrumental masculine plural)
hardēm (feminine instrumental plural)
hardum (feminine instrumental plural)
hardēm (instrumental neuter plural)
hardum (instrumental neuter plural)
hardī (masculine nominative singular)
hardiju (feminine nominative singular)
hardī (neuter nominative singular)
hardijanā (accusative masculine singular)
hardijā (accusative feminine singular)
hardī (accusative neuter singular)
hardijas (genitive masculine singular)
hardijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
hardijas (genitive neuter singular)
hardijumē (dative masculine singular)
hardijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
hardijumē (dative neuter singular)
hardiju (instrumental masculine singular)
hardijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
hardiju (instrumental neuter singular)
hardijē (masculine nominative plural)
hardijō (feminine nominative plural)
hardiju (neuter nominative plural)
hardijā (accusative masculine plural)
hardijā (accusative feminine plural)
hardiju (accusative neuter plural)
hardijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
hardijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
hardijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
hardijēm (dative masculine plural)
hardijum (dative masculine plural)
hardijēm (dative feminine plural)
hardijum (dative feminine plural)
hardijēm (dative neuter plural)
hardijum (dative neuter plural)
hardijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
hardijum (instrumental masculine plural)
hardijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
hardijum (feminine instrumental plural)
hardijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
hardijum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: heard
Middle English: hard
English: hard
→ Finnish: haarti
→ Spanish: hard
Scots: hard, haird

Old Frisian: herde, herd

Saterland Frisian: hart

West Frisian: hurd

Old Saxon: hard
Middle Low German: hart, hārde
Low German: hard, hart

Old Dutch: hart
Middle Dutch: hart, hert
Dutch: hard
Jersey Dutch: hārd
Negerhollands: hart
Skepi Creole Dutch: hardt

Old High German: hart
Middle High German: hart, herte
Alemannic German: hert
Swabian: hirrt
Bavarian: hoat
Central Franconian: haat
German: hart
Luxembourgish: haart
Yiddish: האַרט (hart)

From Proto-Germanic *harduz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


frawardijan

frawardijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
frawardijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
frawardijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
frawardijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
frawardiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
frawardidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
frawardisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
frawardidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
frawardidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
frawardiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
frawardidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
frawardidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
frawardijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
frawardidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
frawardiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
frawardidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
frawardijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
frawardidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
frawardijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
frawardidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
frawardijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
frawardidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
frawardijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
frawardidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
frawardijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
frawardidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
frawardijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
frawardidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
frawardijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
frawardidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
frawardi (class-1 present singular weak)
frawardiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
frawardijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
frawardid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: forwierdan

Old Dutch: farwerden
Middle Dutch: verwerden

Old High German: farwerten

From Proto-Germanic *frawardijaną. Equivalent to *fra- + *wardijan.


frawerþan

frawerþan (infinitive)
frawerþannjas (genitive infinitive)
frawerþannjē (dative infinitive)
frawerþannju (infinitive instrumental)
frawerþu (first-person present singular)
frawarþ (first-person past singular)
frawirþiʀi (present second-person singular)
frawurdī (past second-person singular)
frawirþidi (present singular third-person)
frawarþ (past singular third-person)
frawerþum (first-person plural present)
frawurdum (first-person past plural)
frawirþid (plural present second-person)
frawurdud (past plural second-person)
frawerþand (plural present third-person)
frawurdun (past plural third-person)
frawerþē (first-person present singular)
frawurdī (first-person past singular)
frawerþēs (present second-person singular)
frawerþē (present singular third-person)
frawurdī (past singular third-person)
frawerþēm (first-person plural present)
frawurdīm (first-person past plural)
frawerþēþ (plural present second-person)
frawurdīd (past plural second-person)
frawerþēn (plural present third-person)
frawurdīn (past plural third-person)
frawirþ (present singular)
frawirþid (plural present)
frawerþandī (participle present)
frawordan (participle past)

Old English: forweorþan

Middle English: forworthen

Scots: forworth

English: forworth

Old Frisian: urwertha

Old Saxon: farwerthan

Old Dutch: *farwerthan

Middle Dutch: verwerden

Dutch: verworden

Old High German: firwerdan

From Proto-Germanic *frawerþaną. Equivalent to *fra- + *werþan.


treuwēn

treuwēn (infinitive)
treuwēnijas (genitive infinitive)
treuwēnijē (dative infinitive)
treuwēniju (infinitive instrumental)
treuwē (first-person present singular)
treuw?dā (first-person past singular)
treuwēs (present second-person singular)
treuw?dēs (past second-person singular)
treuwēþ (present singular third-person)
treuw?dē (past singular third-person)
treuw?dā (past singular third-person)
treuwēm (first-person plural present)
treuw?dum (first-person past plural)
treuwēþ (plural present second-person)
treuw?dud (past plural second-person)
treuwēnþ (plural present third-person)
treuw?dun (past plural third-person)
treuw?dī (first-person past singular)
treuw?dī (past second-person singular)
treuwē (present singular third-person)
treuw?dī (past singular third-person)
treuw?dīm (first-person past plural)
treuw?dīd (past plural second-person)
treuwēn (plural present third-person)
treuw?dīn (past plural third-person)
treuwē (present singular)
treuwēþ (plural present)
treuwēndī (participle present)
treuw?d (participle past)

desc

Old English: trēowian, trīewian, trȳwian

Middle English: trewen, trowen (partially)

English: trow

Scots: trew, trow

Old Frisian: trōwia, trouwia

West Frisian: trouwe, trouje

Old Dutch: *triuwon

Middle Dutch: truwen, trouwen

Dutch: trouwen

Old Saxon: treuwōn

Middle Low German: trûwen, trouwen

Old High German: triuwēn, triuwōn

Middle High German: triuwen, trouwen, trawen, trōwen, tröuwen

German: trauen

From *triuwī (“true, faithful”) + *-ēn and *treuwu (“fidelity, pledge”) + *-ēn.


aiþastab

aiþastab (nominative singular)
aiþastabō (nominative plural)
aiþastabōs (nominative plural)
aiþastab (accusative singular)
aiþastabā (accusative plural)
aiþastabas (genitive singular)
aiþastabō (genitive plural)
aiþastabē (dative singular)
aiþastabum (dative plural)
aiþastabu (instrumental singular)
aiþastabum (instrumental plural)

Old English: āþstæf

Old Saxon: ēdstaf, ēthstaf

⇒ Middle Low German: eitstevere, ētstēvære, ētstēvære, ētstēver, eitstēver (+ *-ārī)

Old High German: *eidstap, eidstab

Middle High German: eitstap


gailēn

gailēn (infinitive)
gailēnijas (genitive infinitive)
gailēnijē (dative infinitive)
gailēniju (infinitive instrumental)
gailē (first-person present singular)
gail?dā (first-person past singular)
gailēs (present second-person singular)
gail?dēs (past second-person singular)
gailēþ (present singular third-person)
gail?dē (past singular third-person)
gail?dā (past singular third-person)
gailēm (first-person plural present)
gail?dum (first-person past plural)
gailēþ (plural present second-person)
gail?dud (past plural second-person)
gailēnþ (plural present third-person)
gail?dun (past plural third-person)
gail?dī (first-person past singular)
gail?dī (past second-person singular)
gailē (present singular third-person)
gail?dī (past singular third-person)
gail?dīm (first-person past plural)
gail?dīd (past plural second-person)
gailēn (plural present third-person)
gail?dīn (past plural third-person)
gailē (present singular)
gailēþ (plural present)
gailēndī (participle present)
gail?d (participle past)

Old Saxon: *gēlon

Middle Low German: gêilen

Old High German: geilēn

Middle High German: geilen

German: geilen


bifalþan

bifalþan (infinitive)
bifalþannjas (genitive infinitive)
bifalþannjē (dative infinitive)
bifalþannju (infinitive instrumental)
bifalþu (first-person present singular)
bifealþ (first-person past singular)
bifalþiʀi (present second-person singular)
bifealdī (past second-person singular)
bifalþidi (present singular third-person)
bifealþ (past singular third-person)
bifalþum (first-person plural present)
bifealdum (first-person past plural)
bifalþid (plural present second-person)
bifealdud (past plural second-person)
bifalþand (plural present third-person)
bifealdun (past plural third-person)
bifalþē (first-person present singular)
bifealdī (first-person past singular)
bifalþēs (present second-person singular)
bifalþē (present singular third-person)
bifealdī (past singular third-person)
bifalþēm (first-person plural present)
bifealdīm (first-person past plural)
bifalþēþ (plural present second-person)
bifealdīd (past plural second-person)
bifalþēn (plural present third-person)
bifealdīn (past plural third-person)
bifalþ (present singular)
bifalþid (plural present)
bifalþandī (participle present)
bifaldan (participle past)

desctree

Old English: befealdan
Middle English: *befalden, *befolden
English: befold
⇒ Middle English: bifolden, bevealde, bifolde (past participle/adjective)

Old High German: bifaldan, bifaltan

Middle High German: befalten, bevalten


skarjan

skarjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
skarjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
skarjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
skarjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
skarju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skaridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skarisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skaridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skaridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skariþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skaridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skaridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skarjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skaridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skariþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skaridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skarjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skaridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skarjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skaridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skarjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skaridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skarjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skaridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skarjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skaridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skarjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skaridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skarjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skaridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skari (class-1 present singular weak)
skariþ (class-1 plural present weak)
skarjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
skarid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: sċirian, sċyrian

Old Saxon: skerian

Middle Low German: schēren

Old Dutch: *skerien

Middle Dutch: schēren

Dutch: scheren (obsolete)

Old High German: skerien

Middle High German: scheren


daupijan

daupijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
daupijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
daupijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
daupijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
daupiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
daupidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
daupisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
daupidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
daupidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
daupiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
daupidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
daupidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
daupijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
daupidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
daupiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
daupidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
daupijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
daupidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
daupijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
daupidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
daupijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
daupidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
daupijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
daupidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
daupijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
daupidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
daupijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
daupidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
daupijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
daupidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
daupi (class-1 present singular weak)
daupiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
daupijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
daupid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: dīepan

Middle English: depen

Scots: depe

Old Frisian: dēpa

Old Saxon: dōpian

Middle Low German: dȫpen

Low German: döpen

→ Saterland Frisian: dööpe

Old Dutch: dōpen
Middle Dutch: dôpen
Dutch: dopen
Afrikaans: doop
Limburgish: duipe, deupe

Old High German: toufen; (Central German) *doufen

desc

Middle High German: toufen, töufen, döufen

Central Franconian: däufe, dööfe, deefe, dääfe, daafe

Hunsrik: daafe

Luxembourgish: deefen

German: taufen


hauhijan

hauhijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hauhijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hauhijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hauhijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hauhiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hauhidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hauhisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hauhidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hauhidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hauhiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hauhidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hauhidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hauhijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hauhidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hauhiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hauhidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hauhijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hauhidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hauhijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hauhidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hauhijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hauhidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hauhijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hauhidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hauhijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hauhidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hauhijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hauhidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hauhijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hauhidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hauhi (class-1 present singular weak)
hauhiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hauhijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hauhid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: hēan

desctree

conflated with <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">ġehēgan</i>

Middle English: heien (conflated with ġehēgan)
English: high
Yola: heighed (preterite)

Old Frisian: heia

Old Saxon:

Middle Low German: hȫgen (backformed to the adjective)

Old Dutch: *hōen

Middle Dutch: hogen (backformed to the adjective)

Dutch: hogen

Old High German: hōhen

Middle High German: höhen

German: höhen

From Proto-Germanic *hauhijaną. Equivalent to *hauh (“high”) + *-jan.


hauhiþu

hauhiþu (nominative singular)
hauhiþō (nominative plural)
hauhiþā (accusative singular)
hauhiþā (accusative plural)
hauhiþā (genitive singular)
hauhiþō (genitive plural)
hauhiþē (dative singular)
hauhiþōm (dative plural)
hauhiþum (dative plural)
hauhiþu (instrumental singular)
hauhiþōm (instrumental plural)
hauhiþum (instrumental plural)

desc

Old English: hīehþu, hīehþo, hēhþo, hēahþu

Middle English: heiȝþe, heighte

English: heighth, height

Scots: hecht, haicht

Old Frisian: *hēchte, *hāchte

Saterland Frisian: Höchte, Hööchte

West Frisian: hichte

Old Saxon: *hōhitha

Middle Low German: hö̂gede, hö̂chte

Low German: Höögde

German Low German: Höchte, Höcht

Old Dutch: *hōgitha, *hōgida

Middle Dutch: hôgede

Dutch: hoogte

Afrikaans: hoogte

Limburgish: huuegdje

Old High German: hōhida

Middle High German: hœhede, hœhte

Luxembourgish: Héicht

From Proto-Germanic *hauhiþō. Equivalent to *hauh (“high”) + *-iþu (abstract noun suffix).


skīru

skīru (nominative singular)
skīrō (nominative plural)
skīrā (accusative singular)
skīrā (accusative plural)
skīrā (genitive singular)
skīrō (genitive plural)
skīrē (dative singular)
skīrōm (dative plural)
skīrum (dative plural)
skīru (instrumental singular)
skīrōm (instrumental plural)
skīrum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: sċīr, sċiir, sċȳr
Middle English: schire, chire, schere, schyere, schyr, schyre, shere, shiere, shire, shyre, ssire
English: shire
→ Icelandic: skíri
Scots: shire

desc

Old High German: skīra, scīra, skiera, sciera

A nominal formation probably related to Proto-Germanic *skīriz (“pure, clear, sheer”).
Alternative theories include a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to divide”).


skirmi

skirmi (nominative singular)
skirmī (nominative plural)
skirmi (accusative singular)
skirmī (accusative plural)
skirmī (genitive singular)
skirmijō (genitive plural)
skirmī (dative singular)
skirmim (dative plural)
skirmijum (dative plural)
skirmī (instrumental singular)
skirmim (instrumental plural)
skirmijum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *skirm, *skerm

Middle Low German: scherm, scharm

German Low German: Schirm

desctree

→ Danish: skærm
→ Faroese: skermur
→ Icelandic: skermur

→ Norwegian Bokmål: skjerm

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: skjerm

→ Swedish: skärm

Old Dutch: skirm
Middle Dutch: scherm
Dutch: scherm
Afrikaans: skerm
→ Caribbean Javanese: sekèrm
→ Indonesian: sekeram
→ Papiamentu: skèrmu
Limburgish: sjèrm

desc

Old High German: scirm, skirm, scerm, skerm

Middle High German: schirm, scherm

desctree

German: Schirm
→? Finnish: sermi
→ Russian: ширма (širma)

Hunsrik: Scherrem

Yiddish: שירעם (shirem)

→ Old French: escran, escren, escrein (see there for further descendants)

→⇒ Italian: schermo


uʀneman

uʀneman (infinitive)
uʀnemannjas (genitive infinitive)
uʀnemannjē (dative infinitive)
uʀnemannju (infinitive instrumental)
uʀnemu (first-person present singular)
uʀnam (first-person past singular)
uʀnimiʀi (present second-person singular)
uʀnāmī (past second-person singular)
uʀnimidi (present singular third-person)
uʀnam (past singular third-person)
uʀnemum (first-person plural present)
uʀnāmum (first-person past plural)
uʀnimid (plural present second-person)
uʀnāmud (past plural second-person)
uʀnemand (plural present third-person)
uʀnāmun (past plural third-person)
uʀnemē (first-person present singular)
uʀnāmī (first-person past singular)
uʀnemēs (present second-person singular)
uʀnemē (present singular third-person)
uʀnāmī (past singular third-person)
uʀnemēm (first-person plural present)
uʀnāmīm (first-person past plural)
uʀnemēþ (plural present second-person)
uʀnāmīd (past plural second-person)
uʀnemēn (plural present third-person)
uʀnāmīn (past plural third-person)
uʀnim (present singular)
uʀnimid (plural present)
uʀnemandī (participle present)
uʀnuman (participle past)

Old English: āniman, ānyman

Middle English: ānimen (attested only in the past participle)

Old High German: irnëman

Middle High German: ernëmen

From Proto-Germanic *uznemaną. Equivalent to *uʀ- + *neman.


nāmī

nāmī (masculine nominative singular)
nāmiju (feminine nominative singular)
nāmī (neuter nominative singular)
nāmijanā (accusative masculine singular)
nāmijā (accusative feminine singular)
nāmī (accusative neuter singular)
nāmijas (genitive masculine singular)
nāmijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
nāmijas (genitive neuter singular)
nāmijumē (dative masculine singular)
nāmijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
nāmijumē (dative neuter singular)
nāmiju (instrumental masculine singular)
nāmijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
nāmiju (instrumental neuter singular)
nāmijē (masculine nominative plural)
nāmijō (feminine nominative plural)
nāmiju (neuter nominative plural)
nāmijā (accusative masculine plural)
nāmijā (accusative feminine plural)
nāmiju (accusative neuter plural)
nāmijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
nāmijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
nāmijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
nāmijēm (dative masculine plural)
nāmijum (dative masculine plural)
nāmijēm (dative feminine plural)
nāmijum (dative feminine plural)
nāmijēm (dative neuter plural)
nāmijum (dative neuter plural)
nāmijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
nāmijum (instrumental masculine plural)
nāmijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
nāmijum (feminine instrumental plural)
nāmijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
nāmijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Saxon: *nāmi, *nēmi

Old High German: nāmi

From Proto-Germanic *nēmiz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


ganāmī

ganāmī (masculine nominative singular)
ganāmiju (feminine nominative singular)
ganāmī (neuter nominative singular)
ganāmijanā (accusative masculine singular)
ganāmijā (accusative feminine singular)
ganāmī (accusative neuter singular)
ganāmijas (genitive masculine singular)
ganāmijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
ganāmijas (genitive neuter singular)
ganāmijumē (dative masculine singular)
ganāmijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
ganāmijumē (dative neuter singular)
ganāmiju (instrumental masculine singular)
ganāmijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
ganāmiju (instrumental neuter singular)
ganāmijē (masculine nominative plural)
ganāmijō (feminine nominative plural)
ganāmiju (neuter nominative plural)
ganāmijā (accusative masculine plural)
ganāmijā (accusative feminine plural)
ganāmiju (accusative neuter plural)
ganāmijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
ganāmijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
ganāmijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
ganāmijēm (dative masculine plural)
ganāmijum (dative masculine plural)
ganāmijēm (dative feminine plural)
ganāmijum (dative feminine plural)
ganāmijēm (dative neuter plural)
ganāmijum (dative neuter plural)
ganāmijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
ganāmijum (instrumental masculine plural)
ganāmijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
ganāmijum (feminine instrumental plural)
ganāmijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
ganāmijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Saxon: *genāmi

Middle Low German: genāme, nēme

⇒ Middle Low German: annāme, annēme

Old Dutch: *genāmi, *genēmi

Middle Dutch: genāme, genēme

⇒ Middle Dutch: aenghenaem

Dutch: aangenaam

Old High German: gināmi

Middle High German: genǣme

German: genehm

⇒ German: angenehm


nāmijan

nāmijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
nāmijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
nāmijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
nāmijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
nāmiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
nāmidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
nāmisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
nāmidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
nāmidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
nāmiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
nāmidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
nāmidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
nāmijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
nāmidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
nāmiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
nāmidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
nāmijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
nāmidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
nāmijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
nāmidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
nāmijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
nāmidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
nāmijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
nāmidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
nāmijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
nāmidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
nāmijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
nāmidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
nāmijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
nāmidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
nāmi (class-1 present singular weak)
nāmiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
nāmijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
nāmid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *nǣman

⇒ Old English: ġenǣman

⇒ Old English: fornǣman

From *nāmī (“taking; takeable”) + *-jan.


abaneman

abaneman (infinitive)
abanemannjas (genitive infinitive)
abanemannjē (dative infinitive)
abanemannju (infinitive instrumental)
abanemu (first-person present singular)
abanam (first-person past singular)
abanimiʀi (present second-person singular)
abanāmī (past second-person singular)
abanimidi (present singular third-person)
abanam (past singular third-person)
abanemum (first-person plural present)
abanāmum (first-person past plural)
abanimid (plural present second-person)
abanāmud (past plural second-person)
abanemand (plural present third-person)
abanāmun (past plural third-person)
abanemē (first-person present singular)
abanāmī (first-person past singular)
abanemēs (present second-person singular)
abanemē (present singular third-person)
abanāmī (past singular third-person)
abanemēm (first-person plural present)
abanāmīm (first-person past plural)
abanemēþ (plural present second-person)
abanāmīd (past plural second-person)
abanemēn (plural present third-person)
abanāmīn (past plural third-person)
abanim (present singular)
abanimid (plural present)
abanemandī (participle present)
abanuman (participle past)

Old Dutch: *avaneman

Middle Dutch: avenemen, afnemen

Dutch: afnemen

Old High German: abaneman

desc

Middle High German: abenemen, abnemen, abe nemen

German: abnehmen

From Proto-Germanic *abanemaną. Equivalent to *aba- + *neman.


franeman

franeman (infinitive)
franemannjas (genitive infinitive)
franemannjē (dative infinitive)
franemannju (infinitive instrumental)
franemu (first-person present singular)
franam (first-person past singular)
franimiʀi (present second-person singular)
franāmī (past second-person singular)
franimidi (present singular third-person)
franam (past singular third-person)
franemum (first-person plural present)
franāmum (first-person past plural)
franimid (plural present second-person)
franāmud (past plural second-person)
franemand (plural present third-person)
franāmun (past plural third-person)
franemē (first-person present singular)
franāmī (first-person past singular)
franemēs (present second-person singular)
franemē (present singular third-person)
franāmī (past singular third-person)
franemēm (first-person plural present)
franāmīm (first-person past plural)
franemēþ (plural present second-person)
franāmīd (past plural second-person)
franemēn (plural present third-person)
franāmīn (past plural third-person)
franim (present singular)
franimid (plural present)
franemandī (participle present)
franuman (participle past)

Old English: forniman

Middle English: fornimen

Old Saxon: farniman

Middle Low German: vornemen

→ Danish: fornemme

→ Norwegian: fornemme

desctree

Old Dutch: farneman
Middle Dutch: vernēmen
Dutch: vernemen
Afrikaans: verneem
Limburgish: vernumme, vernaeme

Old High German: firneman

Middle High German: vernemen

German: vernehmen

From Proto-Germanic *franemaną. Equivalent to *fra- + *neman.


ganeman

ganeman (infinitive)
ganemannjas (genitive infinitive)
ganemannjē (dative infinitive)
ganemannju (infinitive instrumental)
ganemu (first-person present singular)
ganam (first-person past singular)
ganimiʀi (present second-person singular)
ganāmī (past second-person singular)
ganimidi (present singular third-person)
ganam (past singular third-person)
ganemum (first-person plural present)
ganāmum (first-person past plural)
ganimid (plural present second-person)
ganāmud (past plural second-person)
ganemand (plural present third-person)
ganāmun (past plural third-person)
ganemē (first-person present singular)
ganāmī (first-person past singular)
ganemēs (present second-person singular)
ganemē (present singular third-person)
ganāmī (past singular third-person)
ganemēm (first-person plural present)
ganāmīm (first-person past plural)
ganemēþ (plural present second-person)
ganāmīd (past plural second-person)
ganemēn (plural present third-person)
ganāmīn (past plural third-person)
ganim (present singular)
ganimid (plural present)
ganemandī (participle present)
ganuman (participle past)

Old English: ġeniman

Old Saxon: giniman

Old Dutch: *gineman

Middle Dutch: genēmen

Old High German: gineman

Middle High German: genemen

From Proto-Germanic *ganemaną. Equivalent to *ga- + *neman.


numþi

numþi (nominative singular)
numþī (nominative plural)
numþi (accusative singular)
numþī (accusative plural)
numþī (genitive singular)
numþijō (genitive plural)
numþī (dative singular)
numþim (dative plural)
numþijum (dative plural)
numþī (instrumental singular)
numþim (instrumental plural)
numþijum (instrumental plural)

Old High German: numft

Middle High German: numft

(German: Vernunft)

Old Frisian: *numfti

⇒ Old Frisian: notnumfti


rīpiþu

rīpiþu (nominative singular)
rīpiþō (nominative plural)
rīpiþā (accusative singular)
rīpiþā (accusative plural)
rīpiþā (genitive singular)
rīpiþō (genitive plural)
rīpiþē (dative singular)
rīpiþōm (dative plural)
rīpiþum (dative plural)
rīpiþu (instrumental singular)
rīpiþōm (instrumental plural)
rīpiþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: rīpþ

Old Dutch: rīpitha


rīpēn

rīpēn (infinitive)
rīpēnijas (genitive infinitive)
rīpēnijē (dative infinitive)
rīpēniju (infinitive instrumental)
rīpē (first-person present singular)
rīp?dā (first-person past singular)
rīpēs (present second-person singular)
rīp?dēs (past second-person singular)
rīpēþ (present singular third-person)
rīp?dē (past singular third-person)
rīp?dā (past singular third-person)
rīpēm (first-person plural present)
rīp?dum (first-person past plural)
rīpēþ (plural present second-person)
rīp?dud (past plural second-person)
rīpēnþ (plural present third-person)
rīp?dun (past plural third-person)
rīp?dī (first-person past singular)
rīp?dī (past second-person singular)
rīpē (present singular third-person)
rīp?dī (past singular third-person)
rīp?dīm (first-person past plural)
rīp?dīd (past plural second-person)
rīpēn (plural present third-person)
rīp?dīn (past plural third-person)
rīpē (present singular)
rīpēþ (plural present)
rīpēndī (participle present)
rīp?d (participle past)

Old English: rīpian

Middle English: ripen

English: ripe

Old Frisian: *rīpia

West Frisian: rypje

Old Saxon: rīpon

Middle Low German: rīpen

Old Dutch: *rīpon
Middle Dutch: ripen
Dutch: rijpen

Old High German: rīfēn

Middle High German: rīfen

German: reifen


rīpu

rīpu (nominative singular)
rīpō (nominative plural)
rīpā (accusative singular)
rīpā (accusative plural)
rīpā (genitive singular)
rīpō (genitive plural)
rīpē (dative singular)
rīpōm (dative plural)
rīpum (dative plural)
rīpu (instrumental singular)
rīpōm (instrumental plural)
rīpum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *rīpe

Saterland Frisian: rip, ripe

West Frisian: ryp

Old Dutch: *rīp

Middle Dutch: *rip

Dutch: rijp

Old High German: *rīfa

Middle High German: rīf


stautōn

stautōn (infinitive)
stautōnijas (genitive infinitive)
stautōnijē (dative infinitive)
stautōniju (infinitive instrumental)
stautō (first-person present singular)
stautōdā (first-person past singular)
stautōs (present second-person singular)
stautōdēs (past second-person singular)
stautōdōs (past second-person singular)
stautōþ (present singular third-person)
stautōdē (past singular third-person)
stautōdā (past singular third-person)
stautōm (first-person plural present)
stautōdum (first-person past plural)
stautōþ (plural present second-person)
stautōdud (past plural second-person)
stautōnþ (plural present third-person)
stautōdun (past plural third-person)
stautōdī (first-person past singular)
stautōdī (past second-person singular)
stautō (present singular third-person)
stautōdī (past singular third-person)
stautōdīm (first-person past plural)
stautōdīd (past plural second-person)
stautōn (plural present third-person)
stautōdīn (past plural third-person)
stautō (present singular)
stautōþ (plural present)
stautōndī (participle present)
stautōd (participle past)

Old High German: *stōzōn

Middle High German: *stōzen

German: stoßen

From Proto-Germanic *stautōną. Equivalent to *stauti (“a push”) + *-ōn.


stauti

stauti (nominative singular)
stautī (nominative plural)
stauti (accusative singular)
stautī (accusative plural)
stautī (genitive singular)
stautijō (genitive plural)
stautī (dative singular)
stautim (dative plural)
stautijum (dative plural)
stautī (instrumental singular)
stautim (instrumental plural)
stautijum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: stêt

Old Saxon: *stōt

Middle Low German: stôt

Old Dutch: *stōt

Middle Dutch: stôot

Dutch: stoot

Afrikaans: stoot

Old High German: stōz

Middle High German: stōz

German: Stoß


waiþu

waiþu (nominative singular)
waiþō (nominative plural)
waiþā (accusative singular)
waiþā (accusative plural)
waiþā (genitive singular)
waiþō (genitive plural)
waiþē (dative singular)
waiþōm (dative plural)
waiþum (dative plural)
waiþu (instrumental singular)
waiþōm (instrumental plural)
waiþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wāþ

Middle English: wathe, waith, wayth

English: wathe

Scots: waith

Old Frisian: *wāth, *wēth

Saterland Frisian: Weede

West Frisian: weide

Old Saxon: *weitha

Middle Low German: weide

German Low German: Weide, Weid

Old Dutch: weitha
Middle Dutch: weide, wêde
Dutch: weide, wei
Afrikaans: weide, wei
West Flemish: wede, wee

Old High German: weida

Middle High German: weide

Alemannic German: weidu

German: Weide


stillēn

stillēn (infinitive)
stillēnijas (genitive infinitive)
stillēnijē (dative infinitive)
stillēniju (infinitive instrumental)
stillē (first-person present singular)
still?dā (first-person past singular)
stillēs (present second-person singular)
still?dēs (past second-person singular)
stillēþ (present singular third-person)
still?dē (past singular third-person)
still?dā (past singular third-person)
stillēm (first-person plural present)
still?dum (first-person past plural)
stillēþ (plural present second-person)
still?dud (past plural second-person)
stillēnþ (plural present third-person)
still?dun (past plural third-person)
still?dī (first-person past singular)
still?dī (past second-person singular)
stillē (present singular third-person)
still?dī (past singular third-person)
still?dīm (first-person past plural)
still?dīd (past plural second-person)
stillēn (plural present third-person)
still?dīn (past plural third-person)
stillē (present singular)
stillēþ (plural present)
stillēndī (participle present)
still?d (participle past)

Old English: *stillian

Middle English: stillen

Old Saxon: stillon

Middle Low German: stillen

Old Dutch: *stillon

Middle Dutch: stillen

Dutch: stillen

Afrikaans: stil

Old High German: stillēn

Middle High German: stillen

German: stillen

(intransitive) to become quiet, calm down


-ōn

-ōn (infinitive)
-ōnijas (genitive infinitive)
-ōnijē (dative infinitive)
-ōniju (infinitive instrumental)
-ō (first-person present singular)
-ōdā (first-person past singular)
-ōs (present second-person singular)
-ōdēs (past second-person singular)
-ōdōs (past second-person singular)
-ōþ (present singular third-person)
-ōdē (past singular third-person)
-ōdā (past singular third-person)
-ōm (first-person plural present)
-ōdum (first-person past plural)
-ōþ (plural present second-person)
-ōdud (past plural second-person)
-ōnþ (plural present third-person)
-ōdun (past plural third-person)
-ōdī (first-person past singular)
-ōdī (past second-person singular)
-ō (present singular third-person)
-ōdī (past singular third-person)
-ōdīm (first-person past plural)
-ōdīd (past plural second-person)
-ōn (plural present third-person)
-ōdīn (past plural third-person)
-ō (present singular)
-ōþ (plural present)
-ōndī (participle present)
-ōd (participle past)
*-ōjan (alternative)

Old English: -ian
Middle English: -ien (Early Middle English or Kentish, Southern, or West Midland)
English: -y, -ee (dialectal, West Country)
⇒ Middle English: -en
English: -en (obsolete)

Old Frisian: -ia

North Frisian: -je

Saterland Frisian: -je

West Frisian: -je

Old Saxon: -ōn, -oian
Middle Low German: -en
Low German: -en

Old Dutch: -ōn

Middle Dutch: -en

Dutch: -en

Old High German: -ōn

Middle High German: -en

German: -en

Creates factitive verbs from adjectives.


-ēn

-ēn (infinitive)
-ēnijas (genitive infinitive)
-ēnijē (dative infinitive)
-ēniju (infinitive instrumental)
-ē (first-person present singular)
-?dā (first-person past singular)
-ēs (present second-person singular)
-?dēs (past second-person singular)
-ēþ (present singular third-person)
-?dē (past singular third-person)
-?dā (past singular third-person)
-ēm (first-person plural present)
-?dum (first-person past plural)
-ēþ (plural present second-person)
-?dud (past plural second-person)
-ēnþ (plural present third-person)
-?dun (past plural third-person)
-?dī (first-person past singular)
-?dī (past second-person singular)
-ē (present singular third-person)
-?dī (past singular third-person)
-?dīm (first-person past plural)
-?dīd (past plural second-person)
-ēn (plural present third-person)
-?dīn (past plural third-person)
-ē (present singular)
-ēþ (plural present)
-ēndī (participle present)
-?d (participle past)

q

Old English: -ian (in a few cases; preceded by a palatalised consonant or non-backed æ)

Old High German: -ēn

Middle High German: -en

German: -en

From Proto-Germanic *-āną, by extending the suffix alternant -ai- throughout all forms, analogous to the second weak class.

Creates stative or factitive verbs from adjectives.


-ōjan

Old Frisian: -ia

North Frisian: -je

Saterland Frisian: -je

West Frisian: -je

Old Saxon: -oian

Middle Low German: -en

German Low German: -en

Dutch Low Saxon: -en

Plautdietsch: -en

Reanalysed from *-ōn based on the first and third class of weak verbs.

(North Sea Germanic) alternative form of *-ōn


laiwarikā

laiwarikā (nominative singular)
laiwarikōn (nominative plural)
laiwarikōn (accusative singular)
laiwarikōn (accusative plural)
laiwarikōn (genitive singular)
laiwarikōnō (genitive plural)
laiwarikōn (dative singular)
laiwarikōm (dative plural)
laiwarikum (dative plural)
laiwarikōn (instrumental singular)
laiwarikōm (instrumental plural)
laiwarikum (instrumental plural)
*laiwaʀikā (alternative)

desctree

Old English: lāwerce, lǣwerce, lāwriċe, lāferċe
Middle English: larke, laverche, laveroc, laverke, laverock, leverock, lerke, livroche, laverok
English: lark, laverock, lavrock
Scots: lark, lork, laveirk, laverok
Yola: lereke, lerock

desc

Old Frisian: *lēwerke, *lēwertze, *lertze

North Frisian: lāsk (<? *laiwaʀikā)

Saterland Frisian: Läiverke, Leeuwerke (Skäddel)

West Frisian: ljurk, lartse, larts, lerts, ljurts

Old Saxon: lēwerka

Middle Low German: lêwerike, lêwerke, lêrke

German Low German: Leverke, Leverk

Old Dutch: *leiwerka, *lēwerka

Middle Dutch: lewerke, leeuwerke, liewerick, lewerijck, lewerick

Dutch: leeuwerik

⇒ Afrikaans: lewerkie

→ West Frisian: ljurk

desctree

Old High German: lērihha
Middle High German: lērche, lërche, lērhe
German: Lerche
Luxembourgish: Léierchen

q

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: *laverca (← Suevic *lawerka or Visigothic *𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌺𐍉 (*laiwarkō))

Galician: laverca

Portuguese: laverca


gatal

gatal (nominative singular)
gatalu (nominative plural)
gatal (accusative singular)
gatalu (accusative plural)
gatalas (genitive singular)
gatalō (genitive plural)
gatalē (dative singular)
gatalum (dative plural)
gatalu (instrumental singular)
gatalum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġetæl

Old Saxon: gital

Old Dutch: *getal

Middle Dutch: getal

Dutch: getal


bandijan

bandijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
bandijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
bandijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
bandijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
bandiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bandidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bandisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bandidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bandidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bandiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bandidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bandidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bandijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bandidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bandiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bandidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bandijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bandidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bandijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bandidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bandijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bandidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bandijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bandidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bandijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bandidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bandijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bandidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bandijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bandidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bandi (class-1 present singular weak)
bandiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
bandijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
bandid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: bendan

Middle English: benden

English: bend

Scots: bend

Old Saxon: *bendian

Middle Low German: benden

Old High German: *benten

Middle High German: benden

→ Old French: bender, bander

Middle French: bander

French: bander

→ Occitan: bendar

→ Italian: bendare, bandare

→ Spanish: vendar, bandar

→ Portuguese: vendar, bandar


-skapi

-skapi (nominative singular)
-skapī (nominative plural)
-skapi (accusative singular)
-skapī (accusative plural)
-skapī (genitive singular)
-skappjō (genitive plural)
-skapī (dative singular)
-skapim (dative plural)
-skappjum (dative plural)
-skapī (instrumental singular)
-skapim (instrumental plural)
-skappjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: -sċiepe

Middle English: -schippe, -shipe

English: -ship

Scots: -schip

Old Frisian: -skipe, -skip

Saterland Frisian: -skup

West Frisian: -skip

Old Saxon: -skepi

i

Middle Low German: -skap (likely under influence of the surrounding languages), unstressed forms: -skop, -skup

German Low German: -schop

East Frisian: -skupp

Münsterländisch: -schopp

Paderbornisch: -skop, -skopp

Old Dutch: -skap

Middle Dutch: -schap

Dutch: -schap

Afrikaans: -skap

Old High German: -skaf, -skaft

Middle High German: -schaft

German: -schaft

Yiddish: ־שאַפֿט (-shaft)

Forms nouns denoting state, originally meaning "shaping, condition".


morhā

morhā (nominative singular)
morhōn (nominative plural)
morhōn (accusative singular)
morhōn (accusative plural)
morhōn (genitive singular)
morhōnō (genitive plural)
morhōn (dative singular)
morhōm (dative plural)
morhum (dative plural)
morhōn (instrumental singular)
morhōm (instrumental plural)
morhum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: more
Middle English: more, moore, morre
English: more (dialectal)
→ Welsh: moron

Old Saxon: morha

Middle Low German: more, mȫre

⇒ German Low German: Mohrenkopp

→⇒ Swedish: morot

Old Dutch: *mora
Middle Dutch: mōre
Dutch: moor (obsolete)
Limburgish: moer

Old High German: morha, moraha

Middle High German: morhe, morche

German: Möhre

⇒ German: Mohrrübe

Luxembourgish: Muert

Yiddish: מייער (meyer)


lubu

lubu (nominative singular)
lobō (nominative plural)
lobā (accusative singular)
lobā (accusative plural)
lobā (genitive singular)
lobō (genitive plural)
lubē (dative singular)
lobōm (dative plural)
lubum (dative plural)
lubu (instrumental singular)
lobōm (instrumental plural)
lubum (instrumental plural)

Old English: lufu, lufe
Middle English: love
English: love
Scots: luve, lufe
Yola: loove

Old Frisian: luve

Old Saxon: luva

⇒ Old Saxon: luvig, lubig (“willing”)

Old High German: luba


-ārī

-ārī (nominative singular)
-ārijō (nominative plural)
-ārijōs (nominative plural)
-ārī (accusative singular)
-ārijā (accusative plural)
-ārijas (genitive singular)
-ārijō (genitive plural)
-ārijē (dative singular)
-ārijum (dative plural)
-āriju (instrumental singular)
-ārijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: -ere, -re
Middle English: -ere, -ar, -are, -er
English: -er
Middle Scots: -ar, -ir
Scots: -er

Old Frisian: -ere

Saterland Frisian: -er

West Frisian: -er

Old Saxon: -āri
Middle Low German: -ære, -ēre, -ere
Low German: -er

Old Dutch: *-āri, -ere

Middle Dutch: -ere
Dutch: -er, -aar
Afrikaans: -er
Limburgish: -er

Old High German: -āri, -ari, -eri
Middle High German: -ære, -er
Alemannic German: -er
Bavarian: -er
Cimbrian: -ar
German: -er
Luxembourgish: -er
Yiddish: ־ער (-er)

-er; creates agent nouns from other nouns.


-iþu

-iþu (nominative singular)
-iþō (nominative plural)
-iþā (accusative singular)
-iþā (accusative plural)
-iþā (genitive singular)
-iþō (genitive plural)
-iþē (dative singular)
-iþōm (dative plural)
-iþum (dative plural)
-iþu (instrumental singular)
-iþōm (instrumental plural)
-iþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: -þ, -þu, -þo, -t, -to
Middle English: -the, -ðe, -ðhe, -eth, -ethe, -ith, -ithe, -th, -þ, -þe, -yth, -t, -te (following fricatives)
English: -th, -t
Scots: -th, -t

Old Frisian: -ithe, -te

Saterland Frisian: -te

West Frisian: -te

Old Saxon: -itha

Middle Low German: -ede, -de, -te

Low German: -de, -te

→ German: -te

Old Dutch: -itha

Middle Dutch: -ede, -de, -te
Dutch: -te, -de

Old High German: -ida
Middle High German: -ede
German: -de (rare, not productive)
Luxembourgish: -t

Forms abstract nouns from verbs, adjectives or other nouns.


lobasam

lobasam (masculine nominative singular)
lobasamu (feminine nominative singular)
lobasam (neuter nominative singular)
lobasamanā (accusative masculine singular)
lobasamā (accusative feminine singular)
lobasam (accusative neuter singular)
lobasamas (genitive masculine singular)
lobasameʀā (feminine genitive singular)
lobasamas (genitive neuter singular)
lobasamumē (dative masculine singular)
lobasameʀē (dative feminine singular)
lobasamumē (dative neuter singular)
lobasamu (instrumental masculine singular)
lobasameʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
lobasamu (instrumental neuter singular)
lobasamē (masculine nominative plural)
lobasamō (feminine nominative plural)
lobasamu (neuter nominative plural)
lobasamā (accusative masculine plural)
lobasamā (accusative feminine plural)
lobasamu (accusative neuter plural)
lobasameʀō (genitive masculine plural)
lobasameʀō (feminine genitive plural)
lobasameʀō (genitive neuter plural)
lobasamēm (dative masculine plural)
lobasamum (dative masculine plural)
lobasamēm (dative feminine plural)
lobasamum (dative feminine plural)
lobasamēm (dative neuter plural)
lobasamum (dative neuter plural)
lobasamēm (instrumental masculine plural)
lobasamum (instrumental masculine plural)
lobasamēm (feminine instrumental plural)
lobasamum (feminine instrumental plural)
lobasamēm (instrumental neuter plural)
lobasamum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: lofsum

Old Dutch: *lovasam

Middle Dutch: lōvesam

Dutch: lofzaam

Old High German: lobasam, lobosam

Middle High German: lobesam


lustusam

lustusam (masculine nominative singular)
lustusamu (feminine nominative singular)
lustusam (neuter nominative singular)
lustusamanā (accusative masculine singular)
lustusamā (accusative feminine singular)
lustusam (accusative neuter singular)
lustusamas (genitive masculine singular)
lustusameʀā (feminine genitive singular)
lustusamas (genitive neuter singular)
lustusamumē (dative masculine singular)
lustusameʀē (dative feminine singular)
lustusamumē (dative neuter singular)
lustusamu (instrumental masculine singular)
lustusameʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
lustusamu (instrumental neuter singular)
lustusamē (masculine nominative plural)
lustusamō (feminine nominative plural)
lustusamu (neuter nominative plural)
lustusamā (accusative masculine plural)
lustusamā (accusative feminine plural)
lustusamu (accusative neuter plural)
lustusameʀō (genitive masculine plural)
lustusameʀō (feminine genitive plural)
lustusameʀō (genitive neuter plural)
lustusamēm (dative masculine plural)
lustusamum (dative masculine plural)
lustusamēm (dative feminine plural)
lustusamum (dative feminine plural)
lustusamēm (dative neuter plural)
lustusamum (dative neuter plural)
lustusamēm (instrumental masculine plural)
lustusamum (instrumental masculine plural)
lustusamēm (feminine instrumental plural)
lustusamum (feminine instrumental plural)
lustusamēm (instrumental neuter plural)
lustusamum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: *lustsum

Middle English: lustsum

English: lustsome

⇒ Old English: lustsumlīċ

Old Saxon: lustsam

Middle Low German: lustsām

Old Dutch: *lustsam, lussam

Old High German: lustsam

desc

Middle High German: lustsam, lussam, lossam

German: lustsam

From Proto-Germanic *lustusamaz. Equivalent to *lustu + *-sam.


friþusam

friþusam (masculine nominative singular)
friþusamu (feminine nominative singular)
friþusam (neuter nominative singular)
friþusamanā (accusative masculine singular)
friþusamā (accusative feminine singular)
friþusam (accusative neuter singular)
friþusamas (genitive masculine singular)
friþusameʀā (feminine genitive singular)
friþusamas (genitive neuter singular)
friþusamumē (dative masculine singular)
friþusameʀē (dative feminine singular)
friþusamumē (dative neuter singular)
friþusamu (instrumental masculine singular)
friþusameʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
friþusamu (instrumental neuter singular)
friþusamē (masculine nominative plural)
friþusamō (feminine nominative plural)
friþusamu (neuter nominative plural)
friþusamā (accusative masculine plural)
friþusamā (accusative feminine plural)
friþusamu (accusative neuter plural)
friþusameʀō (genitive masculine plural)
friþusameʀō (feminine genitive plural)
friþusameʀō (genitive neuter plural)
friþusamēm (dative masculine plural)
friþusamum (dative masculine plural)
friþusamēm (dative feminine plural)
friþusamum (dative feminine plural)
friþusamēm (dative neuter plural)
friþusamum (dative neuter plural)
friþusamēm (instrumental masculine plural)
friþusamum (instrumental masculine plural)
friþusamēm (feminine instrumental plural)
friþusamum (feminine instrumental plural)
friþusamēm (instrumental neuter plural)
friþusamum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: friþsum

Old Saxon: *frithusam

Middle Low German: vrēdesam

⇒ Old Saxon: frithusamo

Old Dutch: *frithusam

Middle Dutch: vrēdesam

Dutch: vreedzaam

Old High German: fridusam

Middle High German: vridesam

German: friedsam

From Proto-Germanic *friþusamaz. Equivalent to *friþu + *-sam.


ganuhtisam

ganuhtisam (masculine nominative singular)
ganuhtisamu (feminine nominative singular)
ganuhtisam (neuter nominative singular)
ganuhtisamanā (accusative masculine singular)
ganuhtisamā (accusative feminine singular)
ganuhtisam (accusative neuter singular)
ganuhtisamas (genitive masculine singular)
ganuhtisameʀā (feminine genitive singular)
ganuhtisamas (genitive neuter singular)
ganuhtisamumē (dative masculine singular)
ganuhtisameʀē (dative feminine singular)
ganuhtisamumē (dative neuter singular)
ganuhtisamu (instrumental masculine singular)
ganuhtisameʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
ganuhtisamu (instrumental neuter singular)
ganuhtisamē (masculine nominative plural)
ganuhtisamō (feminine nominative plural)
ganuhtisamu (neuter nominative plural)
ganuhtisamā (accusative masculine plural)
ganuhtisamā (accusative feminine plural)
ganuhtisamu (accusative neuter plural)
ganuhtisameʀō (genitive masculine plural)
ganuhtisameʀō (feminine genitive plural)
ganuhtisameʀō (genitive neuter plural)
ganuhtisamēm (dative masculine plural)
ganuhtisamum (dative masculine plural)
ganuhtisamēm (dative feminine plural)
ganuhtisamum (dative feminine plural)
ganuhtisamēm (dative neuter plural)
ganuhtisamum (dative neuter plural)
ganuhtisamēm (instrumental masculine plural)
ganuhtisamum (instrumental masculine plural)
ganuhtisamēm (feminine instrumental plural)
ganuhtisamum (feminine instrumental plural)
ganuhtisamēm (instrumental neuter plural)
ganuhtisamum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: ġenyhtsum

Old Dutch: ginuhtsam

Old High German: ginuhtsam

Middle High German: genuhtsam


ganuhti

ganuhti (nominative singular)
ganuhtī (nominative plural)
ganuhti (accusative singular)
ganuhtī (accusative plural)
ganuhtī (genitive singular)
ganuhtijō (genitive plural)
ganuhtī (dative singular)
ganuhtim (dative plural)
ganuhtijum (dative plural)
ganuhtī (instrumental singular)
ganuhtim (instrumental plural)
ganuhtijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġenyht

Old Saxon: ginuht

Middle Low German: genuchte, genöchte

Old Dutch: ginuhti (reformed as īn-stem)

Middle Dutch: genuchte, genochte

Dutch: genucht

Old High German: ginuht

Middle High German: genuht


kraftu

kraftu (nominative singular)
kraftiwi (nominative plural)
kraftō (nominative plural)
kraftu (accusative singular)
kraftū (accusative plural)
kraftō (genitive singular)
kraftiwō (genitive plural)
kraftiwi (dative singular)
kraftō (dative singular)
kraftum (dative plural)
kraftu (instrumental singular)
kraftum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: cræft m
Middle English: craft, creft
English: craft
Scots: craft

Old Frisian: kreft, kraft f

Saterland Frisian: Kraft

West Frisian: krêft

Old Saxon: kraft m or f
Middle Low German: kraft, kracht
Low German: Kracht
German Low German: Kraft, Kracht
Plautdietsch: Krauft, Kroft

Old Dutch: craft f or m
Middle Dutch: cracht, craft
Dutch: kracht
Afrikaans: krag
Limburgish: krach

Old High German: kraft f or m

Middle High German: kraft

Bavarian: Kråft

German: Kraft

Hunsrik: Kraft

Luxembourgish: Kraaft

Mòcheno: kròft

Vilamovian: kraoft

Yiddish: קראַפֿט (kraft)

From Proto-Germanic *kraftuz. Equivalent to *krafōn (“to implore; to crave; to demand”) + *-þu.


dailijan

dailijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
dailijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
dailijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
dailijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
dailiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
dailidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
dailisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
dailidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
dailidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
dailiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
dailidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
dailidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
dailijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
dailidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
dailiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
dailidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
dailijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
dailidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
dailijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
dailidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
dailijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
dailidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
dailijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
dailidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
dailijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
dailidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
dailijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
dailidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
dailijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
dailidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
daili (class-1 present singular weak)
dailiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
dailijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
dailid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: dǣlan

Middle English: delen

Scots: dele, deil

English: deal

Old Frisian: dēla

Saterland Frisian: deele

West Frisian: diele

Old Saxon: dēlian

Middle Low German: dēlen, deilen

Low German: delen

Plautdietsch: deele

Old Dutch: *deilen, *dēlen, deilon

Middle Dutch: deilen, delen

Dutch: delen

Afrikaans: deel

Old High German: teilen

Middle High German: teilen

German: teilen

Luxembourgish: deelen

From Proto-Germanic *dailijaną. Equivalent to *daili (“part, division”) + *-jan.


hailijan

hailijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hailijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hailijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hailijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hailiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hailidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hailisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hailidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hailidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hailiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hailidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hailidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hailijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hailidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hailiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hailidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hailijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hailidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hailijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hailidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hailijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hailidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hailijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hailidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hailijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hailidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hailijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hailidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hailijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hailidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
haili (class-1 present singular weak)
hailiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hailijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hailid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: hǣlan
Middle English: helen
English: heal
→ Dutch: healen
Scots: heal

Old Frisian: hēla
Saterland Frisian: heila
West Frisian: hielje

Old Saxon: hēlian
Middle Low German: hêlen
Low German: helen

Old Dutch: heilen, hēlen

Middle Dutch: helen, heilen

Dutch: helen
Afrikaans: heel

Limburgish: heile

Old High German: heilen

Middle High German: heilen

Cimbrian: hailan

German: heilen

Hunsrik: heele

Luxembourgish: heelen

Yiddish: היילן (heyln)

From Proto-Germanic *hailijaną. Equivalent to *hail (“healthy”) + *-jan.


þaisimō

þaisimō (nominative singular)
þaisiman (nominative plural)
þaisiman (accusative singular)
þaisiman (accusative plural)
þaisimini (genitive singular)
þaisiman (genitive singular)
þaisimanō (genitive plural)
þaisimini (dative singular)
þaisiman (dative singular)
þaisimum (dative plural)
þaisimini (instrumental singular)
þaisiman (instrumental singular)
þaisimum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þǣsma

Old Saxon: *thēsimo

Middle Low German: dêsem

Old Dutch: *thēsimo

Middle Dutch: dêsem

Dutch: desem

Old High German: deismo, deisemo

Middle High German: deisme

German: Deisam

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teh₂y- (“to knead”), compare Proto-Celtic *taistos (“dough”), Proto-Slavic *těsto (“dough”), Ancient Greek σταῖς (staîs) ~ σταιτός (staitós, “dough”).


skainijan

skainijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
skainijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
skainijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
skainijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
skainiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skainidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skainisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skainidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skainidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skainiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skainidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skainidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skainijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skainidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skainiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skainidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skainijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skainidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skainijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skainidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skainijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skainidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skainijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skainidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skainijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skainidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skainijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skainidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skainijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skainidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skaini (class-1 present singular weak)
skainiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
skainijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
skainid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: sċǣnan

Old Frisian: skēnia

⇒ Old High German: irskeinen

From Proto-Germanic *skainijaną (to break).


skainijan

Old English: sċǣnan

Middle English: shenen

English: sheen

Old Saxon: *skēnian

Middle Low German: schênen

Old Dutch: skēnen, *skeinen

Middle Dutch: scheinen

Old High German: skeinen

Middle High German: scheinen

From Proto-Germanic *skainijaną (to make shine). The causative to the strong verb *skīnan.


lakkjan

lakkjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
lakkjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
lakkjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
lakkjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
lakkju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
lakidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
lakisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
lakidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
lakidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
lakiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
lakidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
lakidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
lakkjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
lakidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
lakiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
lakidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
lakkjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
lakidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
lakkjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
lakidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
lakkjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
lakidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
lakkjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
lakidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
lakkjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
lakidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
lakkjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
lakidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
lakkjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
lakidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
laki (class-1 present singular weak)
lakiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
lakkjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
lakid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: leċċan

Middle English: *lecchen, *lechen

English: leach

Old Frisian: *letza, lekka

Saterland Frisian: läkke

West Frisian: lekke

Old Saxon: *lekkian

Middle Low German: lecken, legkken

German Low German: lecken

→ Danish: lække

Norwegian Bokmål: lekke

Old Dutch: *lecken

Middle Dutch: lecken

Dutch: lekken

Afrikaans: lek

Old High German: lekken, lecken

Middle High German: lecken

German: lecken


strakkjan

strakkjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
strakkjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
strakkjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
strakkjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
strakkju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
strakidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
strakisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
strakidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
strakidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
strakiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
strakidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
strakidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
strakkjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
strakidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
strakiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
strakidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
strakkjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
strakidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
strakkjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
strakidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
strakkjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
strakidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
strakkjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
strakidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
strakkjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
strakidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
strakkjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
strakidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
strakkjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
strakidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
straki (class-1 present singular weak)
strakiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
strakkjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
strakid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: streċċan
Middle English: streken, *strekken, strecchen; streiȝt, streght, streight
Scots: strek; straucht, straicht
English: stretch; streek, streak, strake (dialectal); straight
→ Esperanto: streĉi

Old Frisian: strekka, strikka, *stritza (in combination)

Saterland Frisian: sträkke

West Frisian: strekke

Old Saxon: *strekkian

Middle Low German: strecken

German Low German: strecken

Low German: streken

→ Icelandic: strekkja

→ Faroese: strekkja

→ Danish: strække

→ Swedish: sträcka

→ Norwegian: strekke

Old Dutch: *strecken
Middle Dutch: strecken
Dutch: strekken
Limburgish: strèkke

Old High German: strekken, strecken

Middle High German: strecken

German: strecken

From *strak (“stretched, straight”) + *-jan.


rād

rād (nominative singular)
rādō (nominative plural)
rādōs (nominative plural)
rād (accusative singular)
rādā (accusative plural)
rādas (genitive singular)
rādō (genitive plural)
rādē (dative singular)
rādum (dative plural)
rādu (instrumental singular)
rādum (instrumental plural)

Old English: rǣd, rēd — Anglian
Middle English: red, ræd, rede, reed
English: rede
Scots: rede

Old Frisian: rēd

Saterland Frisian: Räid

West Frisian: ried, rie

Old Saxon: rād

Middle Low German: rât

German Low German: Raad

Old Dutch: rāt

Middle Dutch: raet

Dutch: raad
Afrikaans: raad
Negerhollands: raad, raed
→ Aukan: lai
→ Caribbean Hindustani: rái
→ Indonesian: rad

Old High German: rāt

Middle High German: rāt

German: Rat

Luxembourgish: Rot

Yiddish: ראָט (rot)

→ Old Czech: rada
Czech: rada
→ Old Polish: rada, reda
Polish: rada
→ English: rada
→ Kashubian: rada
→ Slovincian: rada
Silesian: rada
→ Old East Slavic: ра́да (ráda)
Old Ruthenian: ра́да (ráda)
Belarusian: ра́да (ráda)
Ukrainian: ра́да (ráda)
Carpathian Rusyn: ра́да (ráda)
Russian: ра́да (ráda)


Hrōþiwulf

Hrōþiwulf (nominative singular)
Hrōþiwulf (accusative singular)
Hrōþiwulfas (genitive singular)
Hrōþiwulfē (dative singular)
Hrōþiwulfu (instrumental singular)

Old English: Hrōþwulf, Hrōþulf

Old Saxon: *Hrōtholf

Middle Low German: Rōdolf, Rōdelof

Old Dutch: *Ruotholf

Middle Dutch: Roedolf, Roelof

Dutch: Roedolf, Roelof, Roel (may also be from Roeland)

desc

Old High German: Hruodolf, Ruodolf, Hruadolf

Middle High German: Ruodolf, Rodolf, Rudolf

German: Rudolf, Rudolph, Rudi

→ Dutch: Rudolf, Ruud

→ English: Rudolf, Rudolph, Rudy

→ Medieval Latin: Ruodolfus, Ruodolphus, Rodolphus

Italian: Rodolfo

→ English: Rodolphus

From Proto-Germanic *Hrōþiwulfaz. Equivalent to *hrōþi (“praise, fame”) + *wulf (“wolf”).

af

a male given name, equivalent to English Rudolf or Rudolph


Rādawulf

Rādawulf (nominative singular)
Rādawulf (accusative singular)
Rādawulfas (genitive singular)
Rādawulfē (dative singular)
Rādawulfu (instrumental singular)

Old English: Rǣdwulf

Middle English: Radulf

English: Ralph

→ German: Ralf

→ Norwegian: Ralf

→ Swedish: Ralf

Old Saxon: Rādolf

Old Dutch: *Rādolf

Middle Dutch: Radolf

Old High German: Ratolf

→ Old French: Raol, Raoul

French: Raoul

→ Catalan: Raül

→ English: Raoul

→ Portuguese: Raul

→ Spanish: Raúl

From Proto-Germanic *Rēdawulfaz. Equivalent to *rād (“counsel”) + *wulf (“wolf”).

a male given name, equivalent to English Ralph


Rādagunþi

Rādagunþi (nominative singular)
Rādagunþī (nominative plural)
Rādagunþi (accusative singular)
Rādagunþī (accusative plural)
Rādagunþī (genitive singular)
Rādagunþijō (genitive plural)
Rādagunþī (dative singular)
Rādagunþī (instrumental singular)

→ Late Latin: Radegundis [584/87, Vitæ Sanctæ Radegundis]

From Proto-Germanic *Rēdagunþiz. Equivalent to *rād (“counsel”) + *gunþi (“battle”).


daftīg

daftīg (masculine nominative singular)
daftīgu (feminine nominative singular)
daftīg (neuter nominative singular)
daftīganā (accusative masculine singular)
daftīgā (accusative feminine singular)
daftīg (accusative neuter singular)
daftīgas (genitive masculine singular)
daftīgeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
daftīgas (genitive neuter singular)
daftīgumē (dative masculine singular)
daftīgeʀē (dative feminine singular)
daftīgumē (dative neuter singular)
daftīgu (instrumental masculine singular)
daftīgeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
daftīgu (instrumental neuter singular)
daftīgē (masculine nominative plural)
daftīgō (feminine nominative plural)
daftīgu (neuter nominative plural)
daftīgā (accusative masculine plural)
daftīgā (accusative feminine plural)
daftīgu (accusative neuter plural)
daftīgeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
daftīgeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
daftīgeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
daftīgēm (dative masculine plural)
daftīgum (dative masculine plural)
daftīgēm (dative feminine plural)
daftīgum (dative feminine plural)
daftīgēm (dative neuter plural)
daftīgum (dative neuter plural)
daftīgēm (instrumental masculine plural)
daftīgum (instrumental masculine plural)
daftīgēm (feminine instrumental plural)
daftīgum (feminine instrumental plural)
daftīgēm (instrumental neuter plural)
daftīgum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: *dæftiġ

Middle English: daftiȝ

Old Frisian: *deftich

West Frisian: deftich

Old Saxon: *deftig

Middle Low German: deftich

Low German: deftig

Old Dutch: *deftig

Middle Dutch: *deftich

Dutch: deftig

Afrikaans: deftig

→ German: deftig


naudi

naudi (nominative singular)
naudī (nominative plural)
naudi (accusative singular)
naudī (accusative plural)
naudī (genitive singular)
naudijō (genitive plural)
naudī (dative singular)
naudim (dative plural)
naudijum (dative plural)
naudī (instrumental singular)
naudim (instrumental plural)
naudijum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: nīed, nȳd, nēd, nēad
Middle English: nede
English: need
Scots: nede

Old Frisian: nēd, nād

North Frisian: nud

Saterland Frisian: Nood

West Frisian: need

Old Saxon: nōd
Middle Low German: nōt
Low German: Nood
Westphalian:
Sauerländisch: nôd
Westmünsterländisch: Nood
Plautdietsch: Noot

Old Dutch: *nōd

Middle Dutch: nôot

Dutch: nood

Afrikaans: nood

Limburgish: noead

Old High German: nōt

Middle High German: nōt

German: Not

Luxembourgish: Nout

Yiddish: נויט (noyt)


hlaut

hlaut (nominative singular)
hlautō (nominative plural)
hlautōs (nominative plural)
hlaut (accusative singular)
hlautā (accusative plural)
hlautas (genitive singular)
hlautō (genitive plural)
hlautē (dative singular)
hlautum (dative plural)
hlautu (instrumental singular)
hlautum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hlīet, hlȳte, hlȳt (< *hlutiz)

Middle English: lete

Old Saxon: hlōt

Middle Low German: lôt

Old Dutch: *lōt

Middle Dutch: lôot

Old High German: hlōz, lōz (mostly neuter a-stem)

Middle High German: lōz

German: Los

→ German Low German: Loos

Luxembourgish: Lous

→ Old Polish: los
Polish: los
Silesian: los


birhtī

birhtī (nominative singular)
birhtīn (accusative singular)
birhtīn (genitive singular)
birhtīn (dative singular)
birhtīn (instrumental singular)

Old English: bierhtu

Middle English: bright

English: bright (archaic or obsolete)

Old High German: berahtī

From Proto-Germanic *birhtį̄. Equivalent to *berht (“bright”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).


girnijan

girnijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
girnijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
girnijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
girnijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
girniju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
girnidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
girnisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
girnidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
girnidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
girniþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
girnidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
girnidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
girnijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
girnidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
girniþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
girnidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
girnijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
girnidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
girnijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
girnidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
girnijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
girnidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
girnijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
girnidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
girnijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
girnidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
girnijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
girnidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
girnijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
girnidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
girni (class-1 present singular weak)
girniþ (class-1 plural present weak)
girnijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
girnid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: giernan

Middle English: yernen

English: yearn

Old Saxon: girnian

From Proto-Germanic *girnijaną. Equivalent to *gern (“eager”) + *-jan.


hwirbil

hwirbil (nominative singular)
hwirbilō (nominative plural)
hwirbilōs (nominative plural)
hwirbil (accusative singular)
hwirbilā (accusative plural)
hwirbilas (genitive singular)
hwirbilō (genitive plural)
hwirbilē (dative singular)
hwirbilum (dative plural)
hwirbilu (instrumental singular)
hwirbilum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hwierfel, hwyrfel (late)

gl

merged with Old Norse <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">hvirfill</i>

Middle English: wherwille, whorlwyl, wherl, whirl (merged with Old Norse hvirfill)

English: whirl

Scots: whirl

Old Frisian: hwarvel

Saterland Frisian: Wavel

West Frisian: warrel, warle

Old Saxon: *hwirvil

Middle Low German: wervel

German Low German: Warvel

Old Dutch: *wirvil

Middle Dutch: wervel

Dutch: wervel

Old High German: wirbil

Middle High German: wirbel

German: Wirbel

Hunsrik: Werrvel

Luxembourgish: Wirbel


swirhijō

swirhijō (nominative singular)
swirhijan (nominative plural)
swirhijan (accusative singular)
swirhijan (accusative plural)
swirhijini (genitive singular)
swirhijan (genitive singular)
swirhijanō (genitive plural)
swirhijini (dative singular)
swirhijan (dative singular)
swirhijum (dative plural)
swirhijini (instrumental singular)
swirhijan (instrumental singular)
swirhijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: swȳra (late)

Middle English: swire, swyre

English: swire (obsolete)

Scots: swire, swyre


fraleusan

fraleusan (infinitive)
fraleusannjas (genitive infinitive)
fraleusannjē (dative infinitive)
fraleusannju (infinitive instrumental)
fraleusu (first-person present singular)
fralaus (first-person past singular)
fraliusiʀi (present second-person singular)
fraluʀī (past second-person singular)
fraliusidi (present singular third-person)
fralaus (past singular third-person)
fraleusum (first-person plural present)
fraluʀum (first-person past plural)
fraliusid (plural present second-person)
fraluʀud (past plural second-person)
fraleusand (plural present third-person)
fraluʀun (past plural third-person)
fraleusē (first-person present singular)
fraluʀī (first-person past singular)
fraleusēs (present second-person singular)
fraleusē (present singular third-person)
fraluʀī (past singular third-person)
fraleusēm (first-person plural present)
fraluʀīm (first-person past plural)
fraleusēþ (plural present second-person)
fraluʀīd (past plural second-person)
fraleusēn (plural present third-person)
fraluʀīn (past plural third-person)
fralius (present singular)
fraliusid (plural present)
fraleusandī (participle present)
fraloʀan (participle past)

Old English: forlēosan

Middle English: forlesen

English: forlese

Old Frisian: forliāsa

Saterland Frisian: ferljoose

West Frisian: ferlieze

Old Saxon: farliosan

Middle Low German: vorlêsen

German Low German: verlesen

→ Swedish: förlora (from the past participle)

Old Dutch: farliesan

Middle Dutch: verliesen

Dutch: verliezen

Afrikaans: verloor (from the past participle)

Limburgish: verleze

Old High German: firliosan

Middle High German: verliesen

desc

Cimbrian: vorliiran, borliiran (Mezzaselva)

German: verlieren

Kölsch: verliere

Luxembourgish: verléieren

Pennsylvania German: verliere

Swabian: verliera

Yiddish: פֿאַרלירן (farlirn)

From Proto-Germanic *fraleusaną. Equivalent to *fra- + *leusan.


leusan

leusan (infinitive)
leusannjas (genitive infinitive)
leusannjē (dative infinitive)
leusannju (infinitive instrumental)
leusu (first-person present singular)
laus (first-person past singular)
liusiʀi (present second-person singular)
luʀī (past second-person singular)
liusidi (present singular third-person)
laus (past singular third-person)
leusum (first-person plural present)
luʀum (first-person past plural)
liusid (plural present second-person)
luʀud (past plural second-person)
leusand (plural present third-person)
luʀun (past plural third-person)
leusē (first-person present singular)
luʀī (first-person past singular)
leusēs (present second-person singular)
leusē (present singular third-person)
luʀī (past singular third-person)
leusēm (first-person plural present)
luʀīm (first-person past plural)
leusēþ (plural present second-person)
luʀīd (past plural second-person)
leusēn (plural present third-person)
luʀīn (past plural third-person)
lius (present singular)
liusid (plural present)
leusandī (participle present)
loʀan (participle past)

Old English: *lēosan

Middle English: lesen

English: leese (obsolete)

Scots: lese, leis

Old Frisian: liāsa

Old Saxon: *liosan

Middle Low German: lêsen

Old High German: *liosan

Middle High German: liesen


triuwī

triuwī (masculine nominative singular)
triuwiju (feminine nominative singular)
triuwī (neuter nominative singular)
triuwijanā (accusative masculine singular)
triuwijā (accusative feminine singular)
triuwī (accusative neuter singular)
triuwijas (genitive masculine singular)
triuwijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
triuwijas (genitive neuter singular)
triuwijumē (dative masculine singular)
triuwijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
triuwijumē (dative neuter singular)
triuwiju (instrumental masculine singular)
triuwijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
triuwiju (instrumental neuter singular)
triuwijē (masculine nominative plural)
triuwijō (feminine nominative plural)
triuwiju (neuter nominative plural)
triuwijā (accusative masculine plural)
triuwijā (accusative feminine plural)
triuwiju (accusative neuter plural)
triuwijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
triuwijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
triuwijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
triuwijēm (dative masculine plural)
triuwijum (dative masculine plural)
triuwijēm (dative feminine plural)
triuwijum (dative feminine plural)
triuwijēm (dative neuter plural)
triuwijum (dative neuter plural)
triuwijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
triuwijum (instrumental masculine plural)
triuwijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
triuwijum (feminine instrumental plural)
triuwijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
triuwijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: trīewe, trēowe

Middle English: treowe, trewe

Scots: trew

English: true

Old Frisian: triūwe, triōwe

Saterland Frisian: trjou

West Frisian: trou

Old Saxon: triuwi

Middle Low German: triuwe

Low German: treu

German Low German: tru, truu

Plautdietsch: tru

desctree

Old Dutch: *triuwi
Middle Dutch: trouwe
Dutch: trouw
Afrikaans: trou

Old High German: triuwi

Middle High German: triuwe

Alemannic German: trüüw

German: treu

Luxembourgish: trei

From Proto-Germanic *triwwiz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


liuhtijan

liuhtijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
liuhtijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
liuhtijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
liuhtijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
liuhtiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
liuhtidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
liuhtisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
liuhtidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
liuhtidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
liuhtiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
liuhtidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
liuhtidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
liuhtijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
liuhtidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
liuhtiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
liuhtidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
liuhtijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
liuhtidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
liuhtijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
liuhtidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
liuhtijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
liuhtidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
liuhtijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
liuhtidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
liuhtijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
liuhtidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
liuhtijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
liuhtidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
liuhtijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
liuhtidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
liuhti (class-1 present singular weak)
liuhtiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
liuhtijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
liuhtid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: līehtan
Middle English: lihten, lighten
English: light
Scots: licht

Old Saxon: liuhtian

Middle Low German: luchten

German Low German: lüchten

→ Polabian: löxtår (“lantern”)

Old Dutch: liuhten

Middle Dutch: luchten

Dutch: luchten (obsolete)

Old High German: liuhten

Middle High German: liuhten

German: leuchten

Yiddish: לײַכטן (laykhtn), Yiddish: לויכטן (loykhtn)

Bavarian: laichdn

From Proto-Germanic *liuhtijaną. Equivalent to *leuht (“light, bright”) + *-jan.


lį̄htijan

lį̄htijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
lį̄htijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
lį̄htijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
lį̄htijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
lį̄htiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
lį̄htidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
lį̄htisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
lį̄htidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
lį̄htidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
lį̄htiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
lį̄htidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
lį̄htidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
lį̄htijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
lį̄htidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
lį̄htiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
lį̄htidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
lį̄htijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
lį̄htidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
lį̄htijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
lį̄htidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
lį̄htijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
lį̄htidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
lį̄htijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
lį̄htidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
lį̄htijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
lį̄htidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
lį̄htijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
lį̄htidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
lį̄htijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
lį̄htidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
lį̄hti (class-1 present singular weak)
lį̄htiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
lį̄htijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
lį̄htid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: līehtan
Middle English: lihten, liȝten, lighten
English: light
Scots: licht

Old Frisian: līchta

West Frisian: lichte

Old Saxon: *līhtian

Middle Low German: lichten

Old Dutch: *līhten

Middle Dutch: lichten

Dutch: lichten

Old High German: līhten

Middle High German: līhten

From Proto-Germanic *linhtijaną. Equivalent to *lį̄ht (“light (in weight)”) + *-jan.


hiurī

hiurī (masculine nominative singular)
hiuriju (feminine nominative singular)
hiurī (neuter nominative singular)
hiurijanā (accusative masculine singular)
hiurijā (accusative feminine singular)
hiurī (accusative neuter singular)
hiurijas (genitive masculine singular)
hiurijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
hiurijas (genitive neuter singular)
hiurijumē (dative masculine singular)
hiurijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
hiurijumē (dative neuter singular)
hiuriju (instrumental masculine singular)
hiurijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
hiuriju (instrumental neuter singular)
hiurijē (masculine nominative plural)
hiurijō (feminine nominative plural)
hiuriju (neuter nominative plural)
hiurijā (accusative masculine plural)
hiurijā (accusative feminine plural)
hiuriju (accusative neuter plural)
hiurijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
hiurijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
hiurijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
hiurijēm (dative masculine plural)
hiurijum (dative masculine plural)
hiurijēm (dative feminine plural)
hiurijum (dative feminine plural)
hiurijēm (dative neuter plural)
hiurijum (dative neuter plural)
hiurijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
hiurijum (instrumental masculine plural)
hiurijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
hiurijum (feminine instrumental plural)
hiurijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
hiurijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: hēore, hīere, hȳre, hīore, hīre, hēre
Middle English: here, her, hær, harey
English: here

Old Saxon: *hiuri

Middle Low German: hü̂re

Old High German: hiuri


unhiurī

unhiurī (masculine nominative singular)
unhiuriju (feminine nominative singular)
unhiurī (neuter nominative singular)
unhiurijanā (accusative masculine singular)
unhiurijā (accusative feminine singular)
unhiurī (accusative neuter singular)
unhiurijas (genitive masculine singular)
unhiurijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
unhiurijas (genitive neuter singular)
unhiurijumē (dative masculine singular)
unhiurijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
unhiurijumē (dative neuter singular)
unhiuriju (instrumental masculine singular)
unhiurijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
unhiuriju (instrumental neuter singular)
unhiurijē (masculine nominative plural)
unhiurijō (feminine nominative plural)
unhiuriju (neuter nominative plural)
unhiurijā (accusative masculine plural)
unhiurijā (accusative feminine plural)
unhiuriju (accusative neuter plural)
unhiurijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
unhiurijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
unhiurijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
unhiurijēm (dative masculine plural)
unhiurijum (dative masculine plural)
unhiurijēm (dative feminine plural)
unhiurijum (dative feminine plural)
unhiurijēm (dative neuter plural)
unhiurijum (dative neuter plural)
unhiurijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
unhiurijum (instrumental masculine plural)
unhiurijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
unhiurijum (feminine instrumental plural)
unhiurijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
unhiurijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: unhīere, unhȳre, unhēore

Middle English: unhere, unhire

Old Frisian: *unjiūre

West Frisian: ûnhuer, njoer

Old Saxon: unhiuri

Middle Low German: unhûre

Old High German: unhiuri

Middle High German: unhiure


stiurijan

stiurijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
stiurijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
stiurijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
stiurijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
stiuriju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stiuridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stiurisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stiuridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stiuridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stiuriþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stiuridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stiuridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stiurijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stiuridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stiuriþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stiuridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stiurijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stiuridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stiurijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stiuridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stiurijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stiuridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stiurijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stiuridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stiurijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stiuridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stiurijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stiuridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stiurijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stiuridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stiuri (class-1 present singular weak)
stiuriþ (class-1 plural present weak)
stiurijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
stiurid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: stīeran

Middle English: steren

Scots: stere, steir

English: steer, besteer

Old Frisian: stiūra, stiōra

Saterland Frisian: stjuure; stjúurje

West Frisian: stjoere

Old Saxon: *stiurian

Middle Low German: stûren

German Low German: stüren

Plautdietsch: stieren

Old Dutch: stiuren

Middle Dutch: sturen, stieren

Dutch: sturen, besturen

Afrikaans: bestuur

West Flemish: stieren

Old High German: stiuren

Middle High German: stiuren

German: steuern