bihōfōn

bihōfōn (infinitive)
bihōfōnijas (genitive infinitive)
bihōfōnijē (dative infinitive)
bihōfōniju (infinitive instrumental)
bihōfō (first-person present singular)
bihōfōdā (first-person past singular)
bihōfōs (present second-person singular)
bihōfōdēs (past second-person singular)
bihōfōdōs (past second-person singular)
bihōfōþ (present singular third-person)
bihōfōdē (past singular third-person)
bihōfōdā (past singular third-person)
bihōfōm (first-person plural present)
bihōfōdum (first-person past plural)
bihōfōþ (plural present second-person)
bihōfōdud (past plural second-person)
bihōfōnþ (plural present third-person)
bihōfōdun (past plural third-person)
bihōfōdī (first-person past singular)
bihōfōdī (past second-person singular)
bihōfō (present singular third-person)
bihōfōdī (past singular third-person)
bihōfōdīm (first-person past plural)
bihōfōdīd (past plural second-person)
bihōfōn (plural present third-person)
bihōfōdīn (past plural third-person)
bihōfō (present singular)
bihōfōþ (plural present)
bihōfōndī (participle present)
bihōfōd (participle past)

Old English: behōfian

Middle English: behoven

English: behove, behoove

Scots: behufe, behove

Old Frisian: bihōvia

Saterland Frisian: bihougje

West Frisian: behoevje, behoeve

Old Saxon: *bihōvōn

Middle Low German: behôven

→ Norwegian:

Bokmål: behøve

Nynorsk: behøve, behøva

→ Swedish: behöva

→ Danish: behøve

desctree

Old Dutch: *bihuovon
Middle Dutch: behoeven
Dutch: behoeven
Afrikaans: behoef
⇒ Dutch: hoeven

Old High German: *bihuofōn

Middle High German: behufen

German: behufen


splittōn

splittōn (infinitive)
splittōnijas (genitive infinitive)
splittōnijē (dative infinitive)
splittōniju (infinitive instrumental)
splittō (first-person present singular)
splittōdā (first-person past singular)
splittōs (present second-person singular)
splittōdēs (past second-person singular)
splittōdōs (past second-person singular)
splittōþ (present singular third-person)
splittōdē (past singular third-person)
splittōdā (past singular third-person)
splittōm (first-person plural present)
splittōdum (first-person past plural)
splittōþ (plural present second-person)
splittōdud (past plural second-person)
splittōnþ (plural present third-person)
splittōdun (past plural third-person)
splittōdī (first-person past singular)
splittōdī (past second-person singular)
splittō (present singular third-person)
splittōdī (past singular third-person)
splittōdīm (first-person past plural)
splittōdīd (past plural second-person)
splittōn (plural present third-person)
splittōdīn (past plural third-person)
splittō (present singular)
splittōþ (plural present)
splittōndī (participle present)
splittōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: *splittia

West Frisian: splitte, splisse

Old Saxon: *splittōn

Middle Low German: splitten

Low German: splitten

Old Dutch: *splitton

desc

Middle Dutch: splitten, spletten, splissen

Dutch: splitten, splitsen

→ English: split, splice

→ German: splitten


kluppjan

kluppjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
kluppjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
kluppjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
kluppjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
kluppju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
klupidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
klupisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
klupidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
klupidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
klupiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
klupidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
klupidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kluppjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
klupidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
klupiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
klupidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
kluppjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
klupidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
kluppjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
klupidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
kluppjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
klupidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kluppjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
klupidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kluppjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
klupidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
kluppjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
klupidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
kluppjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
klupidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
klupi (class-1 present singular weak)
klupiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
kluppjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
klupid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: clyppan
Middle English: cleppen, cluppen, clippen
English: clip

Old Frisian: kleppa


skorōn

skorōn (infinitive)
skorōnijas (genitive infinitive)
skorōnijē (dative infinitive)
skorōniju (infinitive instrumental)
skorō (first-person present singular)
skorōdā (first-person past singular)
skorōs (present second-person singular)
skorōdēs (past second-person singular)
skorōdōs (past second-person singular)
skorōþ (present singular third-person)
skorōdē (past singular third-person)
skorōdā (past singular third-person)
skorōm (first-person plural present)
skorōdum (first-person past plural)
skorōþ (plural present second-person)
skorōdud (past plural second-person)
skorōnþ (plural present third-person)
skorōdun (past plural third-person)
skorōdī (first-person past singular)
skorōdī (past second-person singular)
skorō (present singular third-person)
skorōdī (past singular third-person)
skorōdīm (first-person past plural)
skorōdīd (past plural second-person)
skorōn (plural present third-person)
skorōdīn (past plural third-person)
skorō (present singular)
skorōþ (plural present)
skorōndī (participle present)
skorōd (participle past)

Old English: scorian

Middle English: score

English: score

→ Dutch: scoren

Old Saxon: *skorōn

Middle Low German: schōren, schören

Old Dutch: *skorōn

Middle Dutch: schōren

>? Dutch: scheuren

Old High German: skorōn

⇒ Old High German: giskorōn

Middle High German: schōren


blīu

blīu (nominative singular)
blīu (nominative plural)
blīu (accusative singular)
blīu (accusative plural)
blīwas (genitive singular)
blīwō (genitive plural)
blīwē (dative singular)
blīum (dative plural)
blīu (instrumental singular)
blīum (instrumental plural)

Old English: blēo, bleoh, blīo, blioh
Middle English: bleo, ble, blee
Scots: ble, blee, blie
English: blee, bly

Old Frisian: blī, blie

North Frisian: bläy

Saterland Frisian: Bläier

Old Saxon: blī

Old Dutch: *blīo

Middle Dutch: blie, blye

Uncertain; presumably from Proto-Germanic *blīwą, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlih₁-wó-s, from *bʰl-eh₁y-, extended from *bʰel- (“to shine”), related to *blēwaz (“blue”), cognate with Latin flāvus (“yellow, golden”), Sanskrit भाल (bhāla, “splendour, lustre”), Lithuanian blaivýtis (“to become bright, clear up”).


blīwī

blīwī (nominative singular)
blīwiju (nominative plural)
blīwī (accusative singular)
blīwiju (accusative plural)
blīwijas (genitive singular)
blīwijō (genitive plural)
blīwijē (dative singular)
blīwijum (dative plural)
blīwiju (instrumental singular)
blīwijum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *blī

Saterland Frisian: Bläi (possibly borrowed from Low German)

desctree

Old Saxon: blī, blīo, blīu, *blīg
Middle Low German: blî, blig, blige
German Low German:
Altmärkisch: Bli
Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Bluich
Lippisch: Blüch, Bluig
Sauerländisch: Bley, Blǖ, Blī
Westmünsterländisch: Blij
Plautdietsch: Blie
→ Middle English: *bli
⇒ Middle English: bligeter (“lead founder”)

Old Dutch: *blī
Middle Dutch: bli
Dutch: blij, blei (with unetymological ei)
Limburgish: blie

Old High German: blīo, blīwo, blīoh (< *blīu or *blīwō)
Middle High German: blī
German: Blei
Luxembourgish: Bläi
Vilamovian: błaj
Yiddish: בלײַ (blay)


flaihōn

flaihōn (infinitive)
flaihōnijas (genitive infinitive)
flaihōnijē (dative infinitive)
flaihōniju (infinitive instrumental)
flaihō (first-person present singular)
flaihōdā (first-person past singular)
flaihōs (present second-person singular)
flaihōdēs (past second-person singular)
flaihōdōs (past second-person singular)
flaihōþ (present singular third-person)
flaihōdē (past singular third-person)
flaihōdā (past singular third-person)
flaihōm (first-person plural present)
flaihōdum (first-person past plural)
flaihōþ (plural present second-person)
flaihōdud (past plural second-person)
flaihōnþ (plural present third-person)
flaihōdun (past plural third-person)
flaihōdī (first-person past singular)
flaihōdī (past second-person singular)
flaihō (present singular third-person)
flaihōdī (past singular third-person)
flaihōdīm (first-person past plural)
flaihōdīd (past plural second-person)
flaihōn (plural present third-person)
flaihōdīn (past plural third-person)
flaihō (present singular)
flaihōþ (plural present)
flaihōndī (participle present)
flaihōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: *flāia, *flēia

West Frisian: flaaie

→ Dutch: vlooien

⇒ Dutch: flikflooien

→ Saterland Frisian: flikflooie

Old Saxon: flēhōn

Middle Low German: vlehen, vlên, vlein

Old Dutch: *flēon

Middle Dutch: vleeën

Old High German: flēhōn, flehōn

Middle High German: vlēhen, vlēn

German: flehen (partially)


flaihijan

flaihijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
flaihijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
flaihijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
flaihijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
flaihiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
flaihidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
flaihisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
flaihidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
flaihidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
flaihiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
flaihidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
flaihidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
flaihijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
flaihidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
flaihiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
flaihidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
flaihijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
flaihidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
flaihijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
flaihidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
flaihijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
flaihidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
flaihijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
flaihidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
flaihijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
flaihidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
flaihijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
flaihidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
flaihijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
flaihidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
flaihi (class-1 present singular weak)
flaihiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
flaihijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
flaihid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *flēan, *flǣġan

Middle English: flēn, vlēn

Old Dutch: *flēien

desc

Middle Dutch: vleien, vleyen, fleeuwen, vleeuwen

Dutch: vleien

Afrikaans: vlei

Old High German: flēhen

Middle High German: vlēhen, vlēn

German: flehen

From *flaih (“deceitful”) + *-jan, or *flaihan (“to comfort, caress”) + *-jan.


Friþurīk

Friþurīk (nominative singular)
Friþurīk (accusative singular)
Friþurīkā (accusative plural)
Friþurīkas (genitive singular)
Friþurīkō (genitive plural)
Friþurīkē (dative singular)
Friþurīkum (dative plural)
Friþurīku (instrumental singular)
Friþurīkum (instrumental plural)

Old English: Friþurīc, Freoþorīc

Old Saxon: Frithurik

Middle Low German: Vrederik

Low German: Frederik

→ Norwegian: Fredrik

→ Swedish: Fredrik

→ Danish: Frederik

Old Dutch: *Frithurīk

Middle Dutch: Vrederic

Dutch: Frederik

Old High German: Fridurih

desctree

German: Friedrich, Friederich, Friedr. (abbreviation)
→ English: Frederick
→ Chinese: 弗里德里希 (Fúlǐdélǐxī) (transliteration)

→ Latin: Friderīcus (see there for further descendants)


Audarīk

Audarīk (nominative singular)
Audarīk (accusative singular)
Audarīkā (accusative plural)
Audarīkas (genitive singular)
Audarīkō (genitive plural)
Audarīkē (dative singular)
Audarīkum (dative plural)
Audarīku (instrumental singular)
Audarīkum (instrumental plural)

Old English: Ēadrīc
English: Edrick, Edric

Old High German: Ōtrih, Ōtric, Ōtrich


walkōn

walkōn (infinitive)
walkōnijas (genitive infinitive)
walkōnijē (dative infinitive)
walkōniju (infinitive instrumental)
walkō (first-person present singular)
walkōdā (first-person past singular)
walkōs (present second-person singular)
walkōdēs (past second-person singular)
walkōdōs (past second-person singular)
walkōþ (present singular third-person)
walkōdē (past singular third-person)
walkōdā (past singular third-person)
walkōm (first-person plural present)
walkōdum (first-person past plural)
walkōþ (plural present second-person)
walkōdud (past plural second-person)
walkōnþ (plural present third-person)
walkōdun (past plural third-person)
walkōdī (first-person past singular)
walkōdī (past second-person singular)
walkō (present singular third-person)
walkōdī (past singular third-person)
walkōdīm (first-person past plural)
walkōdīd (past plural second-person)
walkōn (plural present third-person)
walkōdīn (past plural third-person)
walkō (present singular)
walkōþ (plural present)
walkōndī (participle present)
walkōd (participle past)

Old English: wealcian
Middle English: walken, walk, walke, walkyn, wolken (conflated with wealcan)
English: walk, waulk
Scots: walk

Old Frisian: *walkia

Saterland Frisian: walkje

West Frisian: walkje

Old Saxon: *walkōn, *walkōjan

Middle Low German: walken

Low German: walken

Old Dutch: *walkōn

Middle Dutch: walken

Dutch: walken

Old High German: *walkōn

Middle High German: walken

German: walken


troggalōn

troggalōn (infinitive)
troggalōnijas (genitive infinitive)
troggalōnijē (dative infinitive)
troggalōniju (infinitive instrumental)
troggalō (first-person present singular)
troggalōdā (first-person past singular)
troggalōs (present second-person singular)
troggalōdēs (past second-person singular)
troggalōdōs (past second-person singular)
troggalōþ (present singular third-person)
troggalōdē (past singular third-person)
troggalōdā (past singular third-person)
troggalōm (first-person plural present)
troggalōdum (first-person past plural)
troggalōþ (plural present second-person)
troggalōdud (past plural second-person)
troggalōnþ (plural present third-person)
troggalōdun (past plural third-person)
troggalōdī (first-person past singular)
troggalōdī (past second-person singular)
troggalō (present singular third-person)
troggalōdī (past singular third-person)
troggalōdīm (first-person past plural)
troggalōdīd (past plural second-person)
troggalōn (plural present third-person)
troggalōdīn (past plural third-person)
troggalō (present singular)
troggalōþ (plural present)
troggalōndī (participle present)
troggalōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *troggalōn

Middle Low German: troggelen, truggelen

German Low German: truggelen

→ Danish: trygle

→ Norwegian: trygla (dialectal)

→ Swedish: trygla (dialectal)

Old Dutch: *troggalōn

desc

Middle Dutch: troggelen, trōgelen, truggelen, truglen

Dutch: troggelen

Old High German: *troggalōn

Middle High German: *troggelen, *truggelen

German: truggeln (dialectal)


twīfl

twīfl (nominative singular)
twīflō (nominative plural)
twīflōs (nominative plural)
twīfl (accusative singular)
twīflā (accusative plural)
twīflas (genitive singular)
twīflō (genitive plural)
twīflē (dative singular)
twīflum (dative plural)
twīflu (instrumental singular)
twīflum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: twīfil, twīvel

Saterland Frisian: Twieuwel

West Frisian: twivel

Old Saxon: *twīfal

Middle Low German: twīvel, twīfel

→ Danish: tvivl

→ Swedish: tvivel

→ Norwegian Bokmål: tvil

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: tvil

Old Dutch: twīfal

desctree

Middle Dutch: twivel, twifel
Dutch: twijfel
Limburgish: twiefel

Old High German: zwīfal

Middle High German: zwīvel

German: Zweifel

Luxembourgish: Zweiwel


haimalīk

haimalīk (masculine nominative singular)
haimalīku (feminine nominative singular)
haimalīk (neuter nominative singular)
haimalīkanā (accusative masculine singular)
haimalīkā (accusative feminine singular)
haimalīk (accusative neuter singular)
haimalīkas (genitive masculine singular)
haimalīkeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
haimalīkas (genitive neuter singular)
haimalīkumē (dative masculine singular)
haimalīkeʀē (dative feminine singular)
haimalīkumē (dative neuter singular)
haimalīku (instrumental masculine singular)
haimalīkeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
haimalīku (instrumental neuter singular)
haimalīkē (masculine nominative plural)
haimalīkō (feminine nominative plural)
haimalīku (neuter nominative plural)
haimalīkā (accusative masculine plural)
haimalīkā (accusative feminine plural)
haimalīku (accusative neuter plural)
haimalīkeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
haimalīkeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
haimalīkeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
haimalīkēm (dative masculine plural)
haimalīkum (dative masculine plural)
haimalīkēm (dative feminine plural)
haimalīkum (dative feminine plural)
haimalīkēm (dative neuter plural)
haimalīkum (dative neuter plural)
haimalīkēm (instrumental masculine plural)
haimalīkum (instrumental masculine plural)
haimalīkēm (feminine instrumental plural)
haimalīkum (feminine instrumental plural)
haimalīkēm (instrumental neuter plural)
haimalīkum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: *hāmlīċ

desc

Middle English: hamly, hamely, homlich, homelich, homly, homely

English: homely

Scots: hamely

Old Frisian: hāmelik, hēmelik

West Frisian: heimlik

Old Saxon: *hēmlīk

Middle Low German: hêmlik, hêmelik, heimelik, hêmelk, heimelk

Low German: heemelk

→ Old Norse: heimiligr (late)

Norwegian: hemmelig

Swedish: hemlig

Danish: hemmelig

Old Dutch: *heimlīk

Middle Dutch: heimelijc, hêmelijc

Dutch: heimelijk

Old High German: heimlīh

Middle High German: heimelich, heimlich

German: heimlich


meldā

meldā (nominative singular)
meldōn (nominative plural)
meldōn (accusative singular)
meldōn (accusative plural)
meldōn (genitive singular)
meldōnō (genitive plural)
meldōn (dative singular)
meldōm (dative plural)
meldum (dative plural)
meldōn (instrumental singular)
meldōm (instrumental plural)
meldum (instrumental plural)

Old English: melde

Middle English: mielde

Scots: milds, miles, myles

English: milds, miles, myles (dialectal Northern English)

desctree

Old Dutch: *melda
Middle Dutch: melde
Dutch: melde, milde

Old Saxon: maldia

Middle Low German: melde

desc

Old High German: melta, melda, malta, multa

Middle High German: melte, melde

German: Melde, Melte, Melle, Malde, Malte, Milte, Milde, Molde, Mölde

→ Medieval Latin: melta

a plant of the genus Chenopodium, goosefoot

a plant of the genus Atriplex, orache, saltbush


mulīnu

mulīnu (nominative singular)
mulīnō (nominative plural)
mulīnā (accusative singular)
mulīnā (accusative plural)
mulīnā (genitive singular)
mulīnō (genitive plural)
mulīnē (dative singular)
mulīnōm (dative plural)
mulīnum (dative plural)
mulīnu (instrumental singular)
mulīnōm (instrumental plural)
mulīnum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: mylen, myln
Middle English: mylne, mele, melle, mille, miln, milne, myle, mylene, mylle, myln, molle, mule, mulle, mulne (Southern)
English: mill
Sranan Tongo: miri
→ Hindi: मिल (mil)
Scots: mill, mull
Yola: mile

Old Frisian: *melene, *melne

Saterland Frisian: Määlne

Old Saxon: *mulina

Middle Low German: möle, mölne

Low German: Möhl

→ Old Norse: mylna

Icelandic: mylla

Faroese: mylna

Middle Norwegian: mylna, mjulna

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: mylne, mylna; (dialectal) mjune, mjone, mylle, mørne, mæln

Swedish: mölla

Danish: mølle

Norwegian Bokmål: mølle

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: mølle

→ Finnish: mylly

→ Ingrian: mylly

→ Kildin Sami: ме̄лл (miell)

Old Dutch: molna

desctree

Middle Dutch: mōlen
Dutch: molen
Limburgish: meule

→ Old Frisian: molne, mole

West Frisian: mole, mûne

Old High German: mulīn, mulī
Middle High German: mül, müle
Alemannic German: Müli
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: müul
Mòcheno: mil
Central Franconian: Möhl
Hunsrik: Mihl
Luxembourgish: Millen
German: Mühle
Pennsylvania German: Miehl
Yiddish: מיל (mil)

→ Proto-Slavic: *mъlinъ (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Late Latin molīna, variant of molīnum (“mill”).


þahs

þahs (nominative singular)
þahsō (nominative plural)
þahsōs (nominative plural)
þahs (accusative singular)
þahsā (accusative plural)
þahsas (genitive singular)
þahsō (genitive plural)
þahsē (dative singular)
þahsum (dative plural)
þahsu (instrumental singular)
þahsum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *thaks

Saterland Frisian: Taks

Old Saxon: thahs
Middle Low German: das, dasse
German Low German: Dass

Old Dutch: *thas
Middle Dutch: das
Dutch: das
Afrikaans: das, dassie
→ English: dassie
Jersey Dutch: dās
→ West Frisian: das
Limburgish: dasj
West Flemish: das

Old High German: dahs

Middle High German: dahs

Cimbrian: daks

German: Dachs

→ German Low German: Dacks

→ Luxembourgish: Dachs

→ Saterland Frisian: Daks

Hunsrik: Dachs

Luxembourgish: Duess (archaic)

Yiddish: דאַקס (daks)

→ Late Latin: taxus, taxō (see there for further descendants)


stillinassī

stillinassī (nominative singular)
stillinassīn (accusative singular)
stillinassīn (genitive singular)
stillinassīn (dative singular)
stillinassīn (instrumental singular)

Old English: stilnes, stillnes, stillnys, stilnys
Middle English: stylnesse, stilnesse
English: stillness

Old Frisian: stilnese, stilnisse

Old Saxon: *stilnessi

desc

Middle Low German: stilnisse, stillenisse, stelnisse

German Low German: Stilnisse

Old Dutch: *stilnissi, *stilnussi

Middle Dutch: stilnisse

Old High German: stilnissi

Middle High German: stilnisse

From *stillī (“still, quiet”) + *-nassī.


frī

frī (masculine nominative singular)
friju (feminine nominative singular)
frī (neuter nominative singular)
frijanā (accusative masculine singular)
frijā (accusative feminine singular)
frī (accusative neuter singular)
frijas (genitive masculine singular)
frijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
frijas (genitive neuter singular)
frijumē (dative masculine singular)
frijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
frijumē (dative neuter singular)
friju (instrumental masculine singular)
frijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
friju (instrumental neuter singular)
frijē (masculine nominative plural)
frijō (feminine nominative plural)
friju (neuter nominative plural)
frijā (accusative masculine plural)
frijā (accusative feminine plural)
friju (accusative neuter plural)
frijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
frijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
frijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
frijēm (dative masculine plural)
frijum (dative masculine plural)
frijēm (dative feminine plural)
frijum (dative feminine plural)
frijēm (dative neuter plural)
frijum (dative neuter plural)
frijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
frijum (instrumental masculine plural)
frijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
frijum (feminine instrumental plural)
frijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
frijum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: frēo, frīo, freoh, frioh, friġ, frī, frȳ
Middle English: fre, vri, vry
English: free
→ Fiji Hindi: firii
Scots: fre

Old Frisian: frī
Saterland Frisian: fräi
West Frisian: frij

Old Saxon: frī
Middle Low German: vri, vrîg
Low German: fri, free, frigg
→ Danish: fri
→ Estonian: prii
→ Faroese: fríur
→ Latvian: brīvs
→ Livonian: brī
→ Norwegian: fri
→ Swedish: fri

Old Dutch: frī
Middle Dutch: vri
Dutch: vrij
Afrikaans: vry
Negerhollands: vri, vrie, fri
→ Aukan: felei
→ Caribbean Javanese: frèi, prèi, pré
→ Indonesian: prei (“holiday, free, doing nothing”)
→ Javanese: ꦥꦿꦺꦲꦶ (prèi)
→ Peranakan Indonesian: vry
→ Sundanese: peré

Old High German: frī
Middle High German: vrī
German: frei
Luxembourgish: fräi
Vilamovian: frȧj
Yiddish: פֿרײַ (fray)


frijahals

frijahals (nominative singular)
frijahalsō (nominative plural)
frijahalsōs (nominative plural)
frijahals (accusative singular)
frijahalsā (accusative plural)
frijahalsas (genitive singular)
frijahalsō (genitive plural)
frijahalsē (dative singular)
frijahalsum (dative plural)
frijahalsu (instrumental singular)
frijahalsum (instrumental plural)

Old English: frēols
Middle English: freols

Old High German: frīhals

Middle High German: vrīhals

From Proto-Germanic *frijahalsaz. Equivalent to *frī + *hals.


herþr

herþr (nominative singular)
herþru (nominative plural)
herþr (accusative singular)
herþru (accusative plural)
herþras (genitive singular)
herþrō (genitive plural)
herþrē (dative singular)
herþrum (dative plural)
herþru (instrumental singular)
herþrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hreþer

Old High German: *herdar

desc

⇒ Old High German: smalaherdar (“small intestine, gut”)


wlankijan

wlankijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
wlankijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
wlankijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
wlankijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
wlankiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wlankidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wlankisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wlankidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wlankidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wlankiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wlankidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wlankidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wlankijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wlankidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wlankiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wlankidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wlankijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wlankidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wlankijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wlankidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wlankijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wlankidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wlankijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wlankidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wlankijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wlankidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wlankijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wlankidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wlankijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wlankidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wlanki (class-1 present singular weak)
wlankiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
wlankijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
wlankid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: wlencan

Old Saxon: wlenkian

From *wlank (“proud, arrogant”) + *-jan.

(North Sea Germanic) to make proud, arrogant


-jō

-jō (nominative singular)
-jan (nominative plural)
-jan (accusative singular)
-jan (accusative plural)
-jini (genitive singular)
-jan (genitive singular)
-janō (genitive plural)
-jini (dative singular)
-jan (dative singular)
-jum (dative plural)
-jini (instrumental singular)
-jan (instrumental singular)
-jum (instrumental plural)

Old English: -a

Old Frisian: -a

Old Saxon: -io

Old Dutch: -o

Old High German: -o, -eo


skankijan

skankijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
skankijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
skankijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
skankijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
skankiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skankidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skankisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skankidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skankidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skankiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skankidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skankidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skankijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skankidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skankiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skankidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skankijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skankidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skankijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skankidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skankijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skankidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skankijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skankidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skankijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skankidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skankijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skankidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skankijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skankidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skanki (class-1 present singular weak)
skankiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
skankijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
skankid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: sċenċan
Middle English: schenken, schenchen
English: shink, skink
Scots: skink

Old Frisian: skenka

Saterland Frisian: schoanke, skoanke

West Frisian: skinke

Old Saxon: skenkian
Middle Low German: schenken
German Low German: schenken
Plautdietsch: schenkjen
→ Old Norse: skenkja (“to pour (drink)”)
Icelandic: skenkja (“to pour (drink); to give”)
Faroese: skeinkja (“to pour (drink); to serve wine; to give”)
Norwegian Nynorsk: skjenkja, skjenkje, skjenka, skjenke (“to pour (drink); to serve (alcohol); to bestow”)
Norwegian Bokmål: skjenke
→ Old Swedish: skænkia
Swedish: skänka
→ Elfdalian: stjaintja
→ Old Danish: skænkæ
Danish: skænke
→ Gutnish: skänke, skänk', skänka

Old Dutch: skenken
Middle Dutch: schenken
Dutch: schenken

Old High German: scenken

Middle High German: schenken

German: schenken

Hunsrik: schenke

Yiddish: שענקען (shenken)


hruþþjō

hruþþjō (nominative singular)
hruþþjan (nominative plural)
hruþþjan (accusative singular)
hruþþjan (accusative plural)
hruþþjini (genitive singular)
hruþþjan (genitive singular)
hruþþjanō (genitive plural)
hruþþjini (dative singular)
hruþþjan (dative singular)
hruþþjum (dative plural)
hruþþjini (instrumental singular)
hruþþjan (instrumental singular)
hruþþjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hryþþa

Old Saxon: ruthio

desc

Middle Low German: rude, rȫd, rödde, röe, rone

German Low German: Rüde

Old Dutch: *rudo

Middle Dutch: rude

Dutch: reu

Old High German: rudo

Middle High German: rüde

German: Rüde

Unknown; possibly from *hruttōn, from Proto-Germanic *hruttōną (“to snore, roar”), + *-jō.


erkn

erkn (masculine nominative singular)
erknu (feminine nominative singular)
erkn (neuter nominative singular)
erknanā (accusative masculine singular)
erknā (accusative feminine singular)
erkn (accusative neuter singular)
erknas (genitive masculine singular)
erkneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
erknas (genitive neuter singular)
erknumē (dative masculine singular)
erkneʀē (dative feminine singular)
erknumē (dative neuter singular)
erknu (instrumental masculine singular)
erkneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
erknu (instrumental neuter singular)
erknē (masculine nominative plural)
erknō (feminine nominative plural)
erknu (neuter nominative plural)
erknā (accusative masculine plural)
erknā (accusative feminine plural)
erknu (accusative neuter plural)
erkneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
erkneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
erkneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
erknēm (dative masculine plural)
erknum (dative masculine plural)
erknēm (dative feminine plural)
erknum (dative feminine plural)
erknēm (dative neuter plural)
erknum (dative neuter plural)
erknēm (instrumental masculine plural)
erknum (instrumental masculine plural)
erknēm (feminine instrumental plural)
erknum (feminine instrumental plural)
erknēm (instrumental neuter plural)
erknum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: eorcnan

Old High German: erkan, erchan


gesteran

desc

Old English: ġiestran, ġeostran, ġiestron, ġistran

⇒ Old English: ġiestrandæġ, ġeostrandæġ, ġierstandæġ, ġyrstandæġ

Old Dutch: gestaron

Middle Dutch: gisteren

Dutch: gisteren

Old High German: gesteron, gesteren

Middle Low German: gestern

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: gestarn, ghéstan (Sette Comuni)

Mòcheno: gester

German: gestern

From Proto-Germanic *gesteran, from *gesteraz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰyésteros, + *-n.

yisterday

Middle English: yesterday, yisterday, ȝesterdai, ȝisterdai; Scots

gester

Old High German: gestre, gestere; Middle High German


waspijā

waspijā (nominative singular)
waspijōn (nominative plural)
waspijōn (accusative singular)
waspijōn (accusative plural)
waspijōn (genitive singular)
waspijōnō (genitive plural)
waspijōn (dative singular)
waspijōm (dative plural)
waspijum (dative plural)
waspijōn (instrumental singular)
waspijōm (instrumental plural)
waspijum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *wepse

Saterland Frisian: Wäspe

⇒ Saterland Frisian: Wispel f

West Frisian: weps, weeps, meeps

desctree

Old Saxon: wepsia, wespia
Middle Low German: wespe, wispe
German Low German:
Holsteinisch: Weps, Wȩps (Dithmarsisch)
Low Prussian:
Natangisch-Bartisch: Wösp, Wespe
Samländisch: Wispe
Westphalian:
Bentheimisch: Wöpse
Dortmundisch: Wiəpsche
Münsterländisch: Wöpse
Westmünsterländisch: Wepse, Wöpse
East Westphalian: Wäspe (Lippisch, Paderbornisch), Wispe f (Ravensbergisch)
Plautdietsch: Wespe
→ Middle High German: wespe
Alemannic German: Wespi
Cimbrian: bèspa
German: Wespe
Hunsrik: Wesp
Yiddish: וועספּ (vesp)
→ Danish: hveps
→ Norwegian: veps, kvefs

Old Dutch: *wespa

Middle Dutch: wespe

Dutch: wesp, (archaic, dialectal) wespe

Afrikaans: wespe

West Flemish: waspe, wespe

desc

Old High German: wefsa, wespa, wefs, wafsī; wefsih m

Middle High German: webse, wefse

Bavarian: Weps, Webes

Swabian: Wefz


wapsu

wapsu (nominative singular)
wapsō (nominative plural)
wapsā (accusative singular)
wapsā (accusative plural)
wapsā (genitive singular)
wapsō (genitive plural)
wapsē (dative singular)
wapsōm (dative plural)
wapsum (dative plural)
wapsu (instrumental singular)
wapsōm (instrumental plural)
wapsum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: wæps, wæsp, wæfs
Middle English: wasp, wappes, waps, waspe
English: wasp (see there for further descendants)
Scots: wasp, wesp

Old Frisian: *waps

Saterland Frisian: Häspe, Gäspe

West Frisian: waps

Old Saxon: waspa

Middle Low German: wopse

gl

attested in Latin text as <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">uuapces</i>

Old Dutch: wapsa (attested in Latin text as uuapces)

Old High German: wafsa

desc

→ Old French: guespe, vespe, wespe, wapce (partially) (see there for further descendants)

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache


wurhti

wurhti (nominative singular)
wurhtī (nominative plural)
wurhti (accusative singular)
wurhtī (accusative plural)
wurhtī (genitive singular)
wurhtijō (genitive plural)
wurhtī (dative singular)
wurhtim (dative plural)
wurhtijum (dative plural)
wurhtī (instrumental singular)
wurhtim (instrumental plural)
wurhtijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wyrht;

Middle English: wrihte, wrihhte

Old Saxon: wurht

Old High German: wurht, wuruht

Middle High German: wurht

gewrechte

Old Saxon: giwurht, giwurhti; Middle Low German

Gewurcht

Middle High German: gewurht, gewurhte, gewürhte, geworhte


aiwīg

aiwīg (masculine nominative singular)
aiwīgu (feminine nominative singular)
aiwīg (neuter nominative singular)
aiwīganā (accusative masculine singular)
aiwīgā (accusative feminine singular)
aiwīg (accusative neuter singular)
aiwīgas (genitive masculine singular)
aiwīgeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
aiwīgas (genitive neuter singular)
aiwīgumē (dative masculine singular)
aiwīgeʀē (dative feminine singular)
aiwīgumē (dative neuter singular)
aiwīgu (instrumental masculine singular)
aiwīgeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
aiwīgu (instrumental neuter singular)
aiwīgē (masculine nominative plural)
aiwīgō (feminine nominative plural)
aiwīgu (neuter nominative plural)
aiwīgā (accusative masculine plural)
aiwīgā (accusative feminine plural)
aiwīgu (accusative neuter plural)
aiwīgeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
aiwīgeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
aiwīgeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
aiwīgēm (dative masculine plural)
aiwīgum (dative masculine plural)
aiwīgēm (dative feminine plural)
aiwīgum (dative feminine plural)
aiwīgēm (dative neuter plural)
aiwīgum (dative neuter plural)
aiwīgēm (instrumental masculine plural)
aiwīgum (instrumental masculine plural)
aiwīgēm (feminine instrumental plural)
aiwīgum (feminine instrumental plural)
aiwīgēm (instrumental neuter plural)
aiwīgum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Frisian: ewich

desctree

Old Saxon: ēwig
Middle Low German: êwich
→ Danish: evig
→ Norwegian: evig
→ Swedish: evig

Old Dutch: ēwig

Middle Dutch: êwich

Dutch: eeuwig
Afrikaans: ewig
Negerhollands: eewig, eeuwig

Old High German: ēwig
Middle High German: ēwic
Cimbrian: éevig
German: ewig
Yiddish: אייביק (eybik)

From *aiw (“long time, age, eternity”) + *-g.


aʀani

Old English: *iern

desc

⇒ Old English: ruġern (“rye-harvest, the name of a month”) (+ ryġe (“rye”))

Old Frisian: ern, erne, arn, arne

Old Saxon: *aran

Middle Low German: arne, arn, erne, ern

Dutch Low Saxon: Oorn, Aarn

German Low German: Arne, Arn

⇒ Old Saxon: aranfīmba (“grain heap”) (+ fīma (“pile, heap”))

Old Dutch: *aran

Middle Dutch: arn, arne

Old High German: arn f, (aran m)

Middle High German: erne f, arn m

q

merged with OHG <i class="Latn mention" lang="goh">arnōt</i>

⇒ Middle High German: ernde f (merged with OHG arnōt)

German: Ernte f


folō

folō (nominative singular)
folan (nominative plural)
folan (accusative singular)
folan (accusative plural)
fulini (genitive singular)
folan (genitive singular)
folanō (genitive plural)
fulini (dative singular)
folan (dative singular)
folum (dative plural)
fulini (instrumental singular)
folan (instrumental singular)
folum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: fola
Middle English: fole
English: foal
Scots: fole, foill

Old Frisian: fola, folla

West Frisian: fôle, foalle

Saterland Frisian: Foole

Old Saxon: folo

Middle Low German: vōle

German Low German: Fohl

Westphalian:

Westmünsterländisch: Fahle

Old Dutch: *folo
Middle Dutch: vōle
Dutch: vool

Old High German: folo
Middle High German: vole

föllen

Middle Low German: volen; Sauerland Low German


hanō

hanō (nominative singular)
hanan (nominative plural)
hanan (accusative singular)
hanan (accusative plural)
hanini (genitive singular)
hanan (genitive singular)
hananō (genitive plural)
hanini (dative singular)
hanan (dative singular)
hanum (dative plural)
hanini (instrumental singular)
hanan (instrumental singular)
hanum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hana
Middle English: *hane (attested in hane-crau)

Old Frisian: hona, hana

North Frisian: hon, höön

Saterland Frisian: Hone

West Frisian: hoanne

Old Saxon: hano
Middle Low German: hāne
German Low German: Hahn

Old Dutch: *hano
Middle Dutch: hāne
Dutch: haan

Old High German: hano
Middle High German: hane, han
Alemannic German: Haane
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Haan
Cimbrian: haano, hå (Luserna)
German: Hahn
Luxembourgish: Hunn
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Haahne
Yiddish: האָן (hon)

→ Old French: hanon

⇒ Old French: haneton

Middle French: hanneton

French: hanneton (see there for further descendants)


puggō

poggō (nominative singular)
poggan (nominative plural)
poggan (accusative singular)
poggan (accusative plural)
puggini (genitive singular)
poggan (genitive singular)
pogganō (genitive plural)
puggini (dative singular)
poggan (dative singular)
puggum (dative plural)
puggini (instrumental singular)
poggan (instrumental singular)
puggum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *picga, *pycga
Middle English: pigge, peg, pig, pige, pigh, pygge
English: pig (see there for further descendants)
Scots: pig
Yola: piggès

Old Saxon: *puggo

Middle Low German: pugge (variant of pûke)

Old Dutch: *puggo; *pugga

Middle Dutch: pugge, pogge, *pegge; pigge f

⇒ Middle Dutch: puggen n

⇒ Middle Dutch: pegsken n

Unknown; suggested to be related to *biggō (“piglet”), though phonologically problematic, perhaps pointing to a substrate borrowing. Alternatively, based on Middle Low German pū̂ke, puyke (“piglet”), perhaps from a root *pū̆k- of uncertain meaning + *-gō.


biggō

biggō (nominative singular)
biggan (nominative plural)
biggan (accusative singular)
biggan (accusative plural)
biggini (genitive singular)
biggan (genitive singular)
bigganō (genitive plural)
biggini (dative singular)
biggan (dative singular)
biggum (dative plural)
biggini (instrumental singular)
biggan (instrumental singular)
biggum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *bigga; *bigge f

North Frisian: bigge

West Frisian: bigge

Old Saxon: *biggo

Middle Low German: *bigge

German Low German:

Bentheimisch: Bigge n, Biggen f

Low Prussian: Beg m

Dutch Low Saxon:

Drents: bigge

Twents: bikken, biggen

Old Dutch: *biggo; *bigga, figga f

Middle Dutch: vigge, vigghe

Dutch: big, (archaic) bigge m or f

Unknown; suggested to be related to *piggō (“pig”), though phonologically problematic, perhaps pointing to a substrate borrowing.


derban

derban (infinitive)
derbannjas (genitive infinitive)
derbannjē (dative infinitive)
derbannju (infinitive instrumental)
derbu (first-person present singular)
darb (first-person past singular)
dirbiʀi (present second-person singular)
durbī (past second-person singular)
dirbidi (present singular third-person)
darb (past singular third-person)
derbum (first-person plural present)
durbum (first-person past plural)
dirbid (plural present second-person)
durbud (past plural second-person)
derband (plural present third-person)
durbun (past plural third-person)
derbē (first-person present singular)
durbī (first-person past singular)
derbēs (present second-person singular)
derbē (present singular third-person)
durbī (past singular third-person)
derbēm (first-person plural present)
durbīm (first-person past plural)
derbēþ (plural present second-person)
durbīd (past plural second-person)
derbēn (plural present third-person)
durbīn (past plural third-person)
dirb (present singular)
dirbid (plural present)
derbandī (participle present)
dorban (participle past)

Old English: deorfan

Middle English: derven


fraderban

fraderban (infinitive)
fraderbannjas (genitive infinitive)
fraderbannjē (dative infinitive)
fraderbannju (infinitive instrumental)
fraderbu (first-person present singular)
fradarb (first-person past singular)
fradirbiʀi (present second-person singular)
fradurbī (past second-person singular)
fradirbidi (present singular third-person)
fradarb (past singular third-person)
fraderbum (first-person plural present)
fradurbum (first-person past plural)
fradirbid (plural present second-person)
fradurbud (past plural second-person)
fraderband (plural present third-person)
fradurbun (past plural third-person)
fraderbē (first-person present singular)
fradurbī (first-person past singular)
fraderbēs (present second-person singular)
fraderbē (present singular third-person)
fradurbī (past singular third-person)
fraderbēm (first-person plural present)
fradurbīm (first-person past plural)
fraderbēþ (plural present second-person)
fradurbīd (past plural second-person)
fraderbēn (plural present third-person)
fradurbīn (past plural third-person)
fradirb (present singular)
fradirbid (plural present)
fraderbandī (participle present)
fradorban (participle past)

Old Frisian: forderva

Old Saxon: fardervan, fordervan

Middle Low German: vordërven

Old Dutch: fardervan
Middle Dutch: verderven
Dutch: verderven
Afrikaans: verderf, verderwe

Old High German: *farderban

Middle High German: verderben

German: verderben (partially)


hrusti

hrusti (nominative singular)
hrustī (nominative plural)
hrusti (accusative singular)
hrustī (accusative plural)
hrustī (genitive singular)
hrustijō (genitive plural)
hrustī (dative singular)
hrustim (dative plural)
hrustijum (dative plural)
hrustī (instrumental singular)
hrustim (instrumental plural)
hrustijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hyrst

Old Saxon: hrust

Old High German: rust, hrust

From *hrodan (“adorned”), past participle of *hreudan, from Proto-Germanic *hreudaną (“to cover, adorn”), + *-þi, from Proto-Germanic *-þiz.


fūr

fūr (masculine nominative singular)
fūru (feminine nominative singular)
fūr (neuter nominative singular)
fūranā (accusative masculine singular)
fūrā (accusative feminine singular)
fūr (accusative neuter singular)
fūras (genitive masculine singular)
fūreʀā (feminine genitive singular)
fūras (genitive neuter singular)
fūrumē (dative masculine singular)
fūreʀē (dative feminine singular)
fūrumē (dative neuter singular)
fūru (instrumental masculine singular)
fūreʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
fūru (instrumental neuter singular)
fūrē (masculine nominative plural)
fūrō (feminine nominative plural)
fūru (neuter nominative plural)
fūrā (accusative masculine plural)
fūrā (accusative feminine plural)
fūru (accusative neuter plural)
fūreʀō (genitive masculine plural)
fūreʀō (feminine genitive plural)
fūreʀō (genitive neuter plural)
fūrēm (dative masculine plural)
fūrum (dative masculine plural)
fūrēm (dative feminine plural)
fūrum (dative feminine plural)
fūrēm (dative neuter plural)
fūrum (dative neuter plural)
fūrēm (instrumental masculine plural)
fūrum (instrumental masculine plural)
fūrēm (feminine instrumental plural)
fūrum (feminine instrumental plural)
fūrēm (instrumental neuter plural)
fūrum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old High German: *fūr

⇒ Old High German: urfūr (“eunuch”)

Uncertain; possibly from unattested Proto-Germanic *fūraz, from Proto-Indo-European *pyuh₂-ró-s, from *pih₂-w-, from *pyeh₂- (“to beat”), cognate with Latin paviō (“to beat, strike”), Lithuanian pjáuti (“to cut, slaughter”), Ancient Greek παίω (paíō, “to strike, hit”).


anadō

anadō (nominative singular)
anadan (nominative plural)
anadan (accusative singular)
anadan (accusative plural)
anadini (genitive singular)
anadan (genitive singular)
anadanō (genitive plural)
anadini (dative singular)
anadan (dative singular)
anadum (dative plural)
anadini (instrumental singular)
anadan (instrumental singular)
anadum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: anda, onda
Middle English: ande, onde, yond
English: ande, onde, and
Scots: and, ande, aind, aynd

Old Frisian: omma, andema, ondema
Saterland Frisian: Omme
West Frisian: amme

Old Saxon: ando
Middle Low German: ande

Old Dutch: ando
Middle Dutch: ande

Old High German: anto, ando, anado
Middle High German: ande
German: Ahnd, And


anadōn

anadōn (infinitive)
anadōnijas (genitive infinitive)
anadōnijē (dative infinitive)
anadōniju (infinitive instrumental)
anadō (first-person present singular)
anadōdā (first-person past singular)
anadōs (present second-person singular)
anadōdēs (past second-person singular)
anadōdōs (past second-person singular)
anadōþ (present singular third-person)
anadōdē (past singular third-person)
anadōdā (past singular third-person)
anadōm (first-person plural present)
anadōdum (first-person past plural)
anadōþ (plural present second-person)
anadōdud (past plural second-person)
anadōnþ (plural present third-person)
anadōdun (past plural third-person)
anadōdī (first-person past singular)
anadōdī (past second-person singular)
anadō (present singular third-person)
anadōdī (past singular third-person)
anadōdīm (first-person past plural)
anadōdīd (past plural second-person)
anadōn (plural present third-person)
anadōdīn (past plural third-person)
anadō (present singular)
anadōþ (plural present)
anadōndī (participle present)
anadōd (participle past)

Old English: andian, andiġan
Middle English: anden, onden (through merger with the Old Norse form)
English: and, onde (dialectal)
Scots: ande, aind, eand

Old Saxon: andōn

Middle Low German: anden, ānden

Old Dutch: andon

Middle Dutch: anden

Old High German: antōn

Middle High German: anden

German: ahnden

From Proto-Germanic *anadōną. Equivalent to *anadō (“spirit, zeal, fervor”) + *-ōn.


aggjan

aggjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
aggjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
aggjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
aggjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
aggju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
agidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
agisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
agidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
agidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
agiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
agidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
agidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
aggjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
agidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
agiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
agidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
aggjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
agidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
aggjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
agidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
aggjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
agidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
aggjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
agidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
aggjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
agidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
aggjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
agidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
aggjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
agidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
agi (class-1 present singular weak)
agiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
aggjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
agid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: eċġan

q

Middle English: eggen (Likely merged with the descendant of *aggjōn)

English: edge

Old Saxon: *eggian

Middle Low German: eggen

⇒ Old Saxon: gieggian

Old Dutch: *eggen (and / or from *aggjōn)

Middle Dutch: eggen

Dutch: eggen

Afrikaans: eg

Old High German: ecken

Middle High German: eggen, egen, ecken (with -gg- through low german influence)

German: eggen


angwijan

angwijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
angwijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
angwijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
angwijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
angwiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
angwidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
angwisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
angwidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
angwidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
angwiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
angwidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
angwidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
angwijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
angwidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
angwiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
angwidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
angwijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
angwidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
angwijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
angwidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
angwijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
angwidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
angwijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
angwidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
angwijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
angwidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
angwijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
angwidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
angwijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
angwidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
angwi (class-1 present singular weak)
angwiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
angwijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
angwid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: engan

Old Saxon: *engian

Middle Low German: engen

Old Dutch: *engen

Middle Dutch: engen

Dutch: engen

Old High German: engen

Middle High German: engen

German: engen

From Proto-Germanic *angwijaną. Equivalent to *angī (“narrow”) + *-jan.


baidijan

baidijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
baidijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
baidijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
baidijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
baidiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
baididā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
baidisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
baididēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
baididōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
baidiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
baididē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
baididā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
baidijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
baididum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
baidiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
baididud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
baidijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
baididun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
baidijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
baididī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
baidijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
baididī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
baidijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
baididī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
baidijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
baididīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
baidijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
baididīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
baidijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
baididīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
baidi (class-1 present singular weak)
baidiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
baidijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
baidid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: bǣdan

Old Saxon: bēdian

Old Dutch: beidan

Middle Dutch: beiden

Dutch: beiden

Old High German: beiten

Middle High German: beiten


baitijan

baitijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
baitijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
baitijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
baitijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
baitiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
baitidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
baitisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
baitidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
baitidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
baitiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
baitidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
baitidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
baitijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
baitidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
baitiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
baitidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
baitijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
baitidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
baitijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
baitidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
baitijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
baitidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
baitijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
baitidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
baitijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
baitidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
baitijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
baitidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
baitijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
baitidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
baiti (class-1 present singular weak)
baitiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
baitijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
baitid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: bǣtan

desctree

Middle English: bayten, bayte, baite, beyton, baiten, beiten, beȝȝtenn
English: bait
Scots: bait

Old Dutch: *bēten

Middle Dutch: bêten

Dutch: beten (obsolete)

Old Saxon: *bētian

⇒ Old Saxon: undbētian

Middle Low German: bêten

Old High German: beizen

Middle High German: beizen

→? Old French: beter


balþijan

balþijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
balþijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
balþijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
balþijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
balþiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
balþidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
balþisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
balþidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
balþidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
balþiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
balþidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
balþidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
balþijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
balþidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
balþiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
balþidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
balþijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
balþidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
balþijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
balþidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
balþijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
balþidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
balþijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
balþidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
balþijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
balþidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
balþijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
balþidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
balþijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
balþidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
balþi (class-1 present singular weak)
balþiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
balþijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
balþid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: bieldan, byldan, bildan — Late West Saxon
Middle English: belden, beelde, beelden, belde, bilden, beld, beilde, byld (Northern), beldenn, beoldenn (Ormulum), bealden (Early Middle English, West Midlands)
English: bield
Middle Scots: belde, beild, bield
Scots: bield, beild

Old Saxon: beldian

Old High German: belden

Middle High German: belden, balden


barjan

barjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
barjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
barjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
barjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
barju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
baridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
barisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
baridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
baridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bariþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
baridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
baridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
barjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
baridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bariþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
baridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
barjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
baridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
barjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
baridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
barjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
baridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
barjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
baridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
barjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
baridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
barjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
baridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
barjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
baridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bari (class-1 present singular weak)
bariþ (class-1 plural present weak)
barjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
barid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: berian (attested as ġebered (ppt))

Middle English: berien, beryen

Scots: berrie, berry, barrie

English: berry (verb)

(Old Frisian: ber)

desc

Old High German: berjan, perjan, berien, *berren

Middle High German: berjen, berren, beren, bern

German: beren


angī

angī (masculine nominative singular)
angiju (feminine nominative singular)
angī (neuter nominative singular)
angijanā (accusative masculine singular)
angijā (accusative feminine singular)
angī (accusative neuter singular)
angijas (genitive masculine singular)
angijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
angijas (genitive neuter singular)
angijumē (dative masculine singular)
angijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
angijumē (dative neuter singular)
angiju (instrumental masculine singular)
angijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
angiju (instrumental neuter singular)
angijē (masculine nominative plural)
angijō (feminine nominative plural)
angiju (neuter nominative plural)
angijā (accusative masculine plural)
angijā (accusative feminine plural)
angiju (accusative neuter plural)
angijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
angijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
angijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
angijēm (dative masculine plural)
angijum (dative masculine plural)
angijēm (dative feminine plural)
angijum (dative feminine plural)
angijēm (dative neuter plural)
angijum (dative neuter plural)
angijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
angijum (instrumental masculine plural)
angijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
angijum (feminine instrumental plural)
angijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
angijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: ange, onge, ænge, enge

Middle English: ange

⇒ Old English: angnæġl

Middle English: agnail

English: agnail

⇒ English: hangnail (by folk etymology)

Scots: angernail, wrangnail, ragnail

Old Frisian: *enge

Saterland Frisian: ääng

West Frisian: ing

⇒ Old Frisian: angneil, ongneil

desctree

Old Saxon: engi
Middle Low German: enge
German Low German: eng

Old Dutch: *engi

Middle Dutch: enge

Dutch: eng
Afrikaans: eng
→? English: eng

Limburgish: ing

Old High German: engi, enge
Middle High German: enge
Cimbrian: énghe
German: eng
Hunsrik: eng
Luxembourgish: enk
Rhine Franconian: eng (Frankfurt)
Yiddish: ענג (eng)

From Proto-Germanic *anguz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


blaikijan

blaikijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
blaikijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
blaikijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
blaikijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
blaikiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
blaikidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
blaikisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
blaikidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blaikidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blaikiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
blaikidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blaikidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blaikijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
blaikidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
blaikiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
blaikidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
blaikijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
blaikidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
blaikijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
blaikidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
blaikijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
blaikidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blaikijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
blaikidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blaikijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
blaikidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
blaikijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
blaikidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
blaikijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
blaikidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
blaiki (class-1 present singular weak)
blaikiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
blaikijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
blaikid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: blǣċan
Middle English: blechen, bleken
English: bleach
Scots: bleche, bleitch
Yola: ee-blighte (ppl.)

Old Saxon: blēkian

Middle Low German: blēken, bleiken

Low German: bleken

Old Dutch: *blēken

Middle Dutch: bleken

Dutch: bleken, bleiken

Afrikaans: bleek, bleik

Old High German: bleihhen

Middle High German: bleichen

q

merged with <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*blīkaną</i>

German: bleichen (merged with *blīkaną)

Luxembourgish: bleechen

From Proto-Germanic *blaikijaną. Equivalent to *blaik + *-jan.


ungahiurī

ungahiurī (masculine nominative singular)
ungahiuriju (feminine nominative singular)
ungahiurī (neuter nominative singular)
ungahiurijanā (accusative masculine singular)
ungahiurijā (accusative feminine singular)
ungahiurī (accusative neuter singular)
ungahiurijas (genitive masculine singular)
ungahiurijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
ungahiurijas (genitive neuter singular)
ungahiurijumē (dative masculine singular)
ungahiurijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
ungahiurijumē (dative neuter singular)
ungahiuriju (instrumental masculine singular)
ungahiurijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
ungahiuriju (instrumental neuter singular)
ungahiurijē (masculine nominative plural)
ungahiurijō (feminine nominative plural)
ungahiuriju (neuter nominative plural)
ungahiurijā (accusative masculine plural)
ungahiurijā (accusative feminine plural)
ungahiuriju (accusative neuter plural)
ungahiurijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
ungahiurijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
ungahiurijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
ungahiurijēm (dative masculine plural)
ungahiurijum (dative masculine plural)
ungahiurijēm (dative feminine plural)
ungahiurijum (dative feminine plural)
ungahiurijēm (dative neuter plural)
ungahiurijum (dative neuter plural)
ungahiurijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
ungahiurijum (instrumental masculine plural)
ungahiurijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
ungahiurijum (feminine instrumental plural)
ungahiurijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
ungahiurijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Saxon: *ungihiuri

Middle Low German: ungehü̂re

Old Dutch: *ungihiuri

Middle Dutch: ongehiere, ongehure

Dutch: onguur

Old High German: ungihiuri

Middle High German: ungehiure

German: ungeheuer


gahiurī

gahiurī (masculine nominative singular)
gahiuriju (feminine nominative singular)
gahiurī (neuter nominative singular)
gahiurijanā (accusative masculine singular)
gahiurijā (accusative feminine singular)
gahiurī (accusative neuter singular)
gahiurijas (genitive masculine singular)
gahiurijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
gahiurijas (genitive neuter singular)
gahiurijumē (dative masculine singular)
gahiurijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
gahiurijumē (dative neuter singular)
gahiuriju (instrumental masculine singular)
gahiurijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
gahiuriju (instrumental neuter singular)
gahiurijē (masculine nominative plural)
gahiurijō (feminine nominative plural)
gahiuriju (neuter nominative plural)
gahiurijā (accusative masculine plural)
gahiurijā (accusative feminine plural)
gahiuriju (accusative neuter plural)
gahiurijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
gahiurijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
gahiurijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
gahiurijēm (dative masculine plural)
gahiurijum (dative masculine plural)
gahiurijēm (dative feminine plural)
gahiurijum (dative feminine plural)
gahiurijēm (dative neuter plural)
gahiurijum (dative neuter plural)
gahiurijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
gahiurijum (instrumental masculine plural)
gahiurijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
gahiurijum (feminine instrumental plural)
gahiurijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
gahiurijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Saxon: *gihiuri

Middle Low German: gehü̂re

German Low German:

Altmärkisch: gehü̂re

Westphalian:

Ravensbergisch-Lippisch, Sauerländisch: gehuier

Sauerländisch: gehöier (Brilon), gehūer (Niedersfeld), gehǖer (Attendorn, Drolshagen, Olpe), jehoier (Wenden)

Old Dutch: *gihiuri

Middle Dutch: gehiere, gehure

Dutch: guur

Old High German: *gihiuri

Middle High German: gehiure

German: geheuer


alahsinā

alahsinā (nominative singular)
alahsinōn (nominative plural)
alahsinōn (accusative singular)
alahsinōn (accusative plural)
alahsinōn (genitive singular)
alahsinōnō (genitive plural)
alahsinōn (dative singular)
alahsinōm (dative plural)
alahsinum (dative plural)
alahsinōn (instrumental singular)
alahsinōm (instrumental plural)
alahsinum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *alasina

Middle Low German: alsen, alsene

German Low German:

Westmünsterländisch: Als, Alsen, Alsten, Alpsen

Old Dutch: *alasina

Middle Dutch: alsene

Dutch: alsem, alsene, alsine, alsen, alssen

Afrikaans: alsem

→ West Frisian: alsem

→ Japanese: アルセム (arusemu)

Old High German: alahsna, alesina

Middle High German: alsen, alsene

German: Alsem

Luxembourgish: Alzem

desc

→? Medieval Latin: aloxinum, aloxanum, aloxmum, aloxanus, alosanus (see there for further descendants)

Presumably borrowed from Latin aloxinum, if not the other way around, or possibly from *alh (“protection; temple”) or *algōn (“to defend, protect”) + *sinn (“sense, perception”, agent suffix) + *-jā for its alleged mental curative properties, compare *warjamōdā (“wormwood”), perhaps from *warjan (“to defend against”) + *mōd (“mind, sense”).

af

alahsan

*alahsan (< Latin aloxanus, alosanus); Old High German


bikkjan

bikkjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
bikkjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
bikkjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
bikkjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
bikkju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bikidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bikisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bikidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bikidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bikiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bikidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bikidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bikkjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bikidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bikiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bikidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bikkjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bikidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bikkjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bikidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bikkjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bikidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bikkjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bikidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bikkjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bikidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bikkjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bikidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bikkjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bikidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
biki (class-1 present singular weak)
bikiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
bikkjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
bikid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Frisian: *bitsia, *bikja, *bikka

Saterland Frisian: bikje

West Frisian: bikje, bikke

Old Saxon: *bikkian (suggested by derivative bikkil)

Middle Low German: bicken

German Low German: bickern (frequentative)

Old Dutch: *bikken

Middle Dutch: bicken

Dutch: bikken

→ Middle English: bickeren, beckeren (frequentative)

English: bicker

Old High German: bikken, bicken; anabikken

Middle High German: bicken, becken

German: bicken


blankijan

blankijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
blankijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
blankijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
blankijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
blankiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
blankidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
blankisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
blankidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blankidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blankiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
blankidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blankidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blankijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
blankidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
blankiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
blankidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
blankijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
blankidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
blankijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
blankidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
blankijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
blankidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blankijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
blankidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blankijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
blankidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
blankijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
blankidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
blankijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
blankidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
blanki (class-1 present singular weak)
blankiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
blankijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
blankid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: blenċan
Middle English: blenchen (Midlands, southern)
English: blench
Middle English: blenken (northern)
Scots: blenk

>? Old Frisian: blenkia (weak 2 verb)

Saterland Frisian: blinkje

Old Saxon: *blenkian

Middle Low German: blenken

Old Dutch: *blenken

Middle Dutch: blenken, blinken

Old High German: *blenken

Middle High German: blenken

German: blenken, blänken


blauþijan

blauþijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
blauþijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
blauþijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
blauþijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
blauþiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
blauþidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
blauþisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
blauþidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blauþidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blauþiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
blauþidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blauþidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blauþijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
blauþidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
blauþiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
blauþidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
blauþijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
blauþidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
blauþijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
blauþidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
blauþijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
blauþidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blauþijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
blauþidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blauþijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
blauþidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
blauþijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
blauþidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
blauþijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
blauþidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
blauþi (class-1 present singular weak)
blauþiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
blauþijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
blauþid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: blōthian

Middle Low German: blôden, blöden

Old High German: blōden

Middle High German: blœ̄den

German: blöden (archaic)

→ Vulgar Latin: *blaudīre, *blōdīre; *exblaudīre, *exblōdīre

Old Occitan:

Old Catalan: esbalausir

Catalan: esbalair

Occitan: esblauzir

Old French: esbleuir

Middle French: esblouir

French: éblouir

→⇒ Middle English: abloy (hapax)


blājan

blājan (class-1 infinitive weak)
blājannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
blājannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
blājannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
blāju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
blāidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
blāisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
blāidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blāidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blāiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
blāidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blāidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blājum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
blāidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
blāiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
blāidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
blājanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
blāidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
blājē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
blāidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
blājēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
blāidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blājē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
blāidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blājēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
blāidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
blājēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
blāidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
blājēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
blāidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
blāi (class-1 present singular weak)
blāiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
blājandī (class-1 participle present weak)
blāid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *blǣan

English: blea

Middle Low German: blēen

Old High German: blāen

Middle High German: blæn, blæjen

German: blähen


blindijan

blindijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
blindijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
blindijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
blindijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
blindiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
blindidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
blindisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
blindidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blindidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blindiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
blindidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blindidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blindijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
blindidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
blindiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
blindidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
blindijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
blindidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
blindijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
blindidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
blindijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
blindidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blindijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
blindidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blindijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
blindidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
blindijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
blindidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
blindijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
blindidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
blindi (class-1 present singular weak)
blindiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
blindijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
blindid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *blindan

⇒ Old English: āblindan

Old Frisian: blinda

Old Saxon: *blindian

Middle Low German: blinden

Old Dutch: *blinden

Middle Dutch: blinden

Old High German: *blinten

Middle High German: blinden

From Proto-Germanic *blindijaną. Equivalent to *blind + *-jan.


blōdijan

blōdijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
blōdijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
blōdijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
blōdijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
blōdiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
blōdidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
blōdisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
blōdidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blōdidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blōdiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
blōdidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blōdidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blōdijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
blōdidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
blōdiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
blōdidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
blōdijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
blōdidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
blōdijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
blōdidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
blōdijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
blōdidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blōdijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
blōdidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blōdijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
blōdidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
blōdijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
blōdidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
blōdijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
blōdidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
blōdi (class-1 present singular weak)
blōdiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
blōdijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
blōdid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: blœ̄dan, blēdan

Middle English: bleden

Scots: blede, bleid

English: bleed

Old Frisian: blēda

North Frisian: blädje

Saterland Frisian: bläide

West Frisian: bliede

Old Saxon: *blōdian

Middle Low German: blṏden

German Low German: bloden, blöden

Low German: blöden

Old Dutch: *bluoden

Middle Dutch: bloeden

Dutch: bloeden

Old High German: bluoten
Middle High German: bluoten
Bavarian: bliatn
German: bluten
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: blude
Luxembourgish: bludden

From Proto-Germanic *blōþijaną. Equivalent to *blōd (“blood”) + *-jan.


bōtijan

bōtijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
bōtijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
bōtijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
bōtijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
bōtiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bōtidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bōtisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bōtidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bōtidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bōtiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bōtidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bōtidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bōtijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bōtidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bōtiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bōtidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bōtijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bōtidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bōtijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bōtidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bōtijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bōtidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bōtijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bōtidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bōtijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bōtidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bōtijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bōtidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bōtijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bōtidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bōti (class-1 present singular weak)
bōtiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
bōtijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
bōtid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: bētan, bœ̄tan
Middle English: beten, beete, bete, bett, betten, beytt, betenn, beote (Early Middle English)
English: beet (dialectal, obsolete)
Scots: bete, beit, beet, beat

Old Frisian: bēta

Old Saxon: bōtian

Middle Low German:

German Low German: böten

Old Dutch: buoten

Middle Dutch: boeten

Dutch: boeten

Old High German: buozen

Middle High German: büezen

German: büßen

From Proto-Germanic *bōtijaną. Equivalent to *bōtu (“improvement, recompense”) + *-jan.


braidijan

braidijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
braidijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
braidijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
braidijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
braidiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
braididā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
braidisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
braididēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
braididōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
braidiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
braididē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
braididā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
braidijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
braididum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
braidiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
braididud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
braidijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
braididun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
braidijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
braididī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
braidijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
braididī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
braidijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
braididī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
braidijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
braididīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
braidijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
braididīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
braidijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
braididīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
braidi (class-1 present singular weak)
braidiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
braidijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
braidid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: brǣdan

Middle English: breden

English: brede, bread

Old Frisian: brēda

Old Saxon: brēdian

Middle Low German: brêden

Old Dutch: brēden, *breiden

Middle Dutch: brêden, breiden

Dutch: breden, breiden

⇒ Middle Dutch: verbrêden, verbreiden

Dutch: verbreden, verbreiden

Old High German: breiten

Middle High German: breiten

German: breiten

From Proto-Germanic *braidijaną. Equivalent to *braid (“broad”) + *-jan.


brautijan

brautijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
brautijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
brautijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
brautijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
brautiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
brautidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
brautisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
brautidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
brautidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
brautiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
brautidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
brautidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
brautijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
brautidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
brautiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
brautidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
brautijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
brautidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
brautijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
brautidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
brautijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
brautidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
brautijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
brautidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
brautijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
brautidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
brautijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
brautidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
brautijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
brautidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
brauti (class-1 present singular weak)
brautiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
brautijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
brautid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: brīetan, brȳtan

Middle English: breten, bruten


bruʀdijan

bruʀdijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
bruʀdijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
bruʀdijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
bruʀdijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
bruʀdiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bruʀdidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bruʀdisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bruʀdidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bruʀdidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bruʀdiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bruʀdidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bruʀdidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bruʀdijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bruʀdidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bruʀdiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bruʀdidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bruʀdijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bruʀdidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bruʀdijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bruʀdidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bruʀdijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bruʀdidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bruʀdijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bruʀdidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bruʀdijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bruʀdidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bruʀdijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bruʀdidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bruʀdijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bruʀdidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bruʀdi (class-1 present singular weak)
bruʀdiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
bruʀdijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
bruʀdid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: bryrdan

Old High German: *brurten

⇒ Old High German: anabrurten

⇒ Old High German: entibrurten

⇒ Old High German: gientibrurten

From Proto-Germanic *bruzdijaną. Equivalent to *broʀd (“point, spike”) + *-jan.


bulljan

bulljan (class-1 infinitive weak)
bulljannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
bulljannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
bulljannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
bullju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
buldā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bulisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
buldēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
buldōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
buliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
buldē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
buldā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bulljum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
buldum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
buliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
buldud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bulljanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
buldun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bulljē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
buldī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bulljēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
buldī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bulljē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
buldī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bulljēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
buldīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bulljēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
buldīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bulljēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
buldīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
buli (class-1 present singular weak)
buliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
bulljandī (class-1 participle present weak)
buld (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Dutch: *bullen

Middle Dutch: bullen

Old High German: bullen

Middle High German: büllen


dammijan

dammijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
dammijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
dammijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
dammijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
dammiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
dammidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
dammisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
dammidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
dammidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
dammiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
dammidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
dammidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
dammijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
dammidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
dammiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
dammidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
dammijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
dammidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
dammijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
dammidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
dammijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
dammidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
dammijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
dammidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
dammijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
dammidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
dammijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
dammidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
dammijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
dammidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
dammi (class-1 present singular weak)
dammiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
dammijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
dammid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *demman

Middle English: demmen, dammen

English: dam

Early Scots: dem, daime

Scots: dem, daim

⇒ Old English: fordemman

Old Frisian: demma, damma

Old Saxon: *demmian

Middle Low German: demmen, dammen

German Low German: dämmen, dammen

Old Dutch: *demmen, *dammon

Middle Dutch: *demmen, dammen

Dutch: dammen

Old High German: *temmen

⇒ Old High German: bitemmen

Middle High German: temmen

German: dämmen

From Proto-Germanic *dammijaną. Equivalent to *damm + *-jan.


dangijan

dangijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
dangijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
dangijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
dangijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
dangiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
dangidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
dangisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
dangidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
dangidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
dangiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
dangidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
dangidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
dangijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
dangidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
dangiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
dangidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
dangijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
dangidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
dangijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
dangidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
dangijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
dangidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
dangijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
dangidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
dangijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
dangidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
dangijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
dangidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
dangijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
dangidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
dangi (class-1 present singular weak)
dangiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
dangijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
dangid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: denġan, denċġan
Middle English: *dengen
English: dinge

Old High German: *tengen

Middle High German: tengen


daugijan

daugijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
daugijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
daugijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
daugijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
daugiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
daugidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
daugisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
daugidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
daugidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
daugiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
daugidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
daugidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
daugijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
daugidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
daugiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
daugidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
daugijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
daugidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
daugijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
daugidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
daugijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
daugidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
daugijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
daugidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
daugijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
daugidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
daugijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
daugidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
daugijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
daugidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
daugi (class-1 present singular weak)
daugiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
daugijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
daugid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: ġedīeġan

Old Saxon: ādōgian

Old Dutch: *dōgen

Middle Dutch: dogen

Dutch: dogen, gedogen

Afrikaans: doog


draibijan

draibijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
draibijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
draibijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
draibijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
draibiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
draibidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
draibisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
draibidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
draibidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
draibiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
draibidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
draibidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
draibijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
draibidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
draibiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
draibidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
draibijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
draibidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
draibijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
draibidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
draibijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
draibidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
draibijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
draibidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
draibijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
draibidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
draibijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
draibidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
draibijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
draibidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
draibi (class-1 present singular weak)
draibiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
draibijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
draibid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: drǣfan

Middle English: dreven

English: dreave

Scots: drefe