māl

māl (nominative singular)
mālu (nominative plural)
māl (accusative singular)
mālu (accusative plural)
mālas (genitive singular)
mālō (genitive plural)
mālē (dative singular)
mālum (dative plural)
mālu (instrumental singular)
mālum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: mǣl, mēl — Anglian, Kentish
Middle English: mel, mele, melle, mal, male, meyle (chiefly Northern), mæl, mæle, meal (Early Middle English)
English: meal
Scots: meal
Yola: meale, mele
→ Irish: béile

Old Frisian: mēl

Saterland Frisian: Moal, Mäil

West Frisian: miel

Old Saxon: māl

Middle Low German: mâl

Low German: Maal

German Low German: Mahl

Old Dutch: *māl

Middle Dutch: mâel

Dutch: maal
Afrikaans: maal
Berbice Creole Dutch: mali
Negerhollands: mal

Limburgish: maol

Old High German: māl

Middle High German: māl

Bavarian: Moi

Cimbrian: mal

Mòcheno: mol

German: Mahl, Mal, mal

Hunsrik: Mol

Luxembourgish: Mol

Yiddish: מאָל (mol)


strālu

strālu (nominative singular)
strālō (nominative plural)
strālā (accusative singular)
strālā (accusative plural)
strālā (genitive singular)
strālō (genitive plural)
strālē (dative singular)
strālōm (dative plural)
strālum (dative plural)
strālu (instrumental singular)
strālōm (instrumental plural)
strālum (instrumental plural)

Old English: strǣl, strēl, strǣle
Middle English: stral, *strel
English: strale, streal, streel
⇒ Scots: strule (verb)

Old Frisian: *strāl, *strēle

Saterland Frisian: Stroal

West Frisian: striel

Old Saxon: strāla

Middle Low German: strāle

→ Danish: stråle

→ Icelandic: strjál

→ Norwegian: stråle

→ Swedish: stråle

Old Dutch: strāla

Middle Dutch: strâle
Dutch: straal
Afrikaans: straal
→ Papiamentu: stral, straal
Limburgish: straol

Old High German: strāla

Middle High German: strāle

Alemannic German: Straale pl

German: Strahl

→ Italian: strale

Yiddish: שטראַל (shtral)

Apparently from a Proto-Indo-European *strēl- (“arrow”), from a Proto-Indo-European *ster-, *strē- (“strip, stripe, line, streak, stream, arrow”). Cognate with Lithuanian strėlė̃ (“arrow, dart, jib”), Latvian strēle (“arrow, dart”), and Proto-Slavic *strěla (“arrow”).


jār

jār (nominative singular)
jāru (nominative plural)
jār (accusative singular)
jāru (accusative plural)
jāras (genitive singular)
jārō (genitive plural)
jārē (dative singular)
jārum (dative plural)
jāru (instrumental singular)
jārum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġēar, ġǣr, ġēr — Anglian
Middle English: yeer, here, yere, ȝere
English: year
Jamaican Creole: ier
Tok Pisin: yia
→ Chuukese: ier
→ Japanese: イヤー (iyā)
→ Volapük: yel
Scots: year

Old Frisian: jēr, jār, iēr
North Frisian: juar, iir (Mooring), Jaar (Sylt)
Saterland Frisian: Jíer
West Frisian: jier

Old Saxon: jār, gēr
Middle Low German: jâr, jaer
Low German: Johr, Jahr
German Low German: Jåhr, Joahr, Jaohr, Jahr, Johr
Plautdietsch: Joa

Old Dutch: jār
Middle Dutch: jâer
Dutch: jaar
Afrikaans: jaar
Berbice Creole Dutch: jari
Jersey Dutch: jâr
Negerhollands: jaer, jaar, yer
Sranan Tongo: yari
Aukan: yali
Saramaccan: jáa
→ Caribbean Javanese: yari
Limburgish: jaor
West Flemish: joar
Zealandic: jaer, jaor

Old High German: jār
Middle High German: jār
Alemannic German: Jòòr, Jààr
Bavarian: Jåhr, Joar, Joa
Cimbrian: jaar, djar (Luserna)
Mòcheno: jor
Central Franconian: Johr
Hunsrik: Joher
Luxembourgish: Joer
German: Jahr
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Johr, Yaahr
Swabian: Joar, Johr
Sathmar Swabian: Johr
Vilamovian: jür
Yiddish: יאָר (yor)


swār

swār (masculine nominative singular)
swāru (feminine nominative singular)
swār (neuter nominative singular)
swāranā (accusative masculine singular)
swārā (accusative feminine singular)
swār (accusative neuter singular)
swāras (genitive masculine singular)
swāreʀā (feminine genitive singular)
swāras (genitive neuter singular)
swārumē (dative masculine singular)
swāreʀē (dative feminine singular)
swārumē (dative neuter singular)
swāru (instrumental masculine singular)
swāreʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
swāru (instrumental neuter singular)
swārē (masculine nominative plural)
swārō (feminine nominative plural)
swāru (neuter nominative plural)
swārā (accusative masculine plural)
swārā (accusative feminine plural)
swāru (accusative neuter plural)
swāreʀō (genitive masculine plural)
swāreʀō (feminine genitive plural)
swāreʀō (genitive neuter plural)
swārēm (dative masculine plural)
swārum (dative masculine plural)
swārēm (dative feminine plural)
swārum (dative feminine plural)
swārēm (dative neuter plural)
swārum (dative neuter plural)
swārēm (instrumental masculine plural)
swārum (instrumental masculine plural)
swārēm (feminine instrumental plural)
swārum (feminine instrumental plural)
swārēm (instrumental neuter plural)
swārum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: swǣr
Middle English: swere, swær, swar, sware, swer, suere
English: sweer, swear, sweir, swere
Scots: sweir, sweer, swere

Old Frisian: swēr, swēre

North Frisian: swier

Saterland Frisian: sweer

West Frisian: swier

Old Saxon: swār, swāri

Middle Low German: swâr

German Low German: swar, swaar, swor; swer

→ Danish: svar

Old Dutch: *swār

Middle Dutch: swâer
Dutch: zwaar
Afrikaans: swaar
Berbice Creole Dutch: swari
Negerhollands: swaar, swar
Limburgish: zwaor
Zealandic: zwaer

Old High German: swār
Middle High German: swær, swǣre, swār, swēre, swēr
Alemannic German:
Swabian: schwär
Bavarian: schwar
German: schwer
Luxembourgish: schwéier
Vilamovian: świer
Yiddish: שווער (shver)


sāan

sāan (infinitive)
sāannjas (genitive infinitive)
sāannjē (dative infinitive)
sāannju (infinitive instrumental)
sāu (first-person present singular)
sē (first-person past singular)
sāiʀi (present second-person singular)
sēī (past second-person singular)
sāidi (present singular third-person)
sē (past singular third-person)
sāum (first-person plural present)
sēum (first-person past plural)
sāid (plural present second-person)
sēud (past plural second-person)
sāand (plural present third-person)
sēun (past plural third-person)
sāē (first-person present singular)
sēī (first-person past singular)
sāēs (present second-person singular)
sāē (present singular third-person)
sēī (past singular third-person)
sāēm (first-person plural present)
sēīm (first-person past plural)
sāēþ (plural present second-person)
sēīd (past plural second-person)
sāēn (plural present third-person)
sēīn (past plural third-person)
sā (present singular)
sāid (plural present)
sāandī (participle present)
sāan (participle past)

Old English: sāwan

desc

Middle English: sawen, sowȝen, sewȝen, soghen, sowen

English: sow

Scots: saw

Old Frisian: seā, siā

>? West Frisian: saaie (possibly borrowed from Dutch)

Old Saxon: sāian

Middle Low German: seien, seyen, seygen, seigen, sêgen, seigen, seighen, seigen, segen, seghen, seegen, zeygen, zeyghen, zegen, saien, sajen, seien, zeien, seihen, seggen

German Low German: saien

desctree

Old Dutch: *sāien
Middle Dutch: sâyen
Dutch: zaaien
Afrikaans: saai
Berbice Creole Dutch: sai
Negerhollands: saai, saey, saej
→ Aukan: sai
Limburgish: zèjje

Old High German: sāwen, sāen

desc

Middle High German: sāwen, sæwen, sæhen, sææen, sēgen, sēwen, sēn, sein, sān, sæn, sæen, sæjen

German: säen

Luxembourgish: séien


fātijan

fātijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
fātijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
fātijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
fātijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
fātiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fātidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fātisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fātidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fātidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fātiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fātidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fātidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fātijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fātidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fātiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fātidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fātijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fātidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fātijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fātidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fātijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fātidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fātijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fātidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fātijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fātidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fātijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fātidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fātijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fātidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fāti (class-1 present singular weak)
fātiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
fātijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
fātid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: fǣtan


lākinōn

lākinōn (infinitive)
lākinōnijas (genitive infinitive)
lākinōnijē (dative infinitive)
lākinōniju (infinitive instrumental)
lākinō (first-person present singular)
lākinōdā (first-person past singular)
lākinōs (present second-person singular)
lākinōdēs (past second-person singular)
lākinōdōs (past second-person singular)
lākinōþ (present singular third-person)
lākinōdē (past singular third-person)
lākinōdā (past singular third-person)
lākinōm (first-person plural present)
lākinōdum (first-person past plural)
lākinōþ (plural present second-person)
lākinōdud (past plural second-person)
lākinōnþ (plural present third-person)
lākinōdun (past plural third-person)
lākinōdī (first-person past singular)
lākinōdī (past second-person singular)
lākinō (present singular third-person)
lākinōdī (past singular third-person)
lākinōdīm (first-person past plural)
lākinōdīd (past plural second-person)
lākinōn (plural present third-person)
lākinōdīn (past plural third-person)
lākinō (present singular)
lākinōþ (plural present)
lākinōndī (participle present)
lākinōd (participle past)

Old English: lǣcnian, lācnian

Old Saxon: lāknon

Old High German: lāhhanon, lāhhinon


mākī

mākī (nominative singular)
mākijō (nominative plural)
mākijōs (nominative plural)
mākī (accusative singular)
mākijā (accusative plural)
mākijas (genitive singular)
mākijō (genitive plural)
mākijē (dative singular)
mākijum (dative plural)
mākiju (instrumental singular)
mākijum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: mǣċe, mēċe
Middle English: meche, mache, mæche

Old Saxon: māki


gafrāgī

gafrāgī (masculine nominative singular)
gafrāgiju (feminine nominative singular)
gafrāgī (neuter nominative singular)
gafrāgijanā (accusative masculine singular)
gafrāgijā (accusative feminine singular)
gafrāgī (accusative neuter singular)
gafrāgijas (genitive masculine singular)
gafrāgijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
gafrāgijas (genitive neuter singular)
gafrāgijumē (dative masculine singular)
gafrāgijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
gafrāgijumē (dative neuter singular)
gafrāgiju (instrumental masculine singular)
gafrāgijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
gafrāgiju (instrumental neuter singular)
gafrāgijē (masculine nominative plural)
gafrāgijō (feminine nominative plural)
gafrāgiju (neuter nominative plural)
gafrāgijā (accusative masculine plural)
gafrāgijā (accusative feminine plural)
gafrāgiju (accusative neuter plural)
gafrāgijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
gafrāgijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
gafrāgijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
gafrāgijēm (dative masculine plural)
gafrāgijum (dative masculine plural)
gafrāgijēm (dative feminine plural)
gafrāgijum (dative feminine plural)
gafrāgijēm (dative neuter plural)
gafrāgijum (dative neuter plural)
gafrāgijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
gafrāgijum (instrumental masculine plural)
gafrāgijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
gafrāgijum (feminine instrumental plural)
gafrāgijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
gafrāgijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: ġefrǣġe

Old Saxon: gifrāgi


kwāni

kwāni (nominative singular)
kwānī (nominative plural)
kwāni (accusative singular)
kwānī (accusative plural)
kwānī (genitive singular)
kwānijō (genitive plural)
kwānī (dative singular)
kwānim (dative plural)
kwānijum (dative plural)
kwānī (instrumental singular)
kwānim (instrumental plural)
kwānijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: cwēn, cwǣn, cuēn, cwœ̄n — Anglian, cœ̄n — Northumbrian
Middle English: quene, qwene, cwene, queene, quen, qween, qweene, queyne, qwenne, qwhene, kuene, quiene, queen
English: queen (see there for further descendants)
Scots: queen, wheen
Yola: queen

Old Saxon: quān

gl

merged with Old Saxon <i class="Latn mention" lang="osx">quena</i>

>? Middle Low German: quêne, kôn (merged with Old Saxon quena)


feþru

feþru (nominative singular)
feþrō (nominative plural)
feþrā (accusative singular)
feþrā (accusative plural)
feþrā (genitive singular)
feþrō (genitive plural)
feþrē (dative singular)
feþrōm (dative plural)
feþrum (dative plural)
feþru (instrumental singular)
feþrōm (instrumental plural)
feþrum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: feþer
Middle English: feþer, fether, fethere, fedder, veþer
English: feather
Scots: fedder
Yola: vethers (plural)

Old Frisian: fethere

Saterland Frisian: Feeder

West Frisian: fear

Old Saxon: fethara

Middle Low German: vēdere, vēder

German Low German: Feer

Low German: Fedder

Old Dutch: fethera

Middle Dutch: vedere

Dutch: veder, veer

Afrikaans: veer

Old High German: fedara
Middle High German: vëdere, vëder
Cimbrian: vèdara, bèdara (Mezzaselva)
German: Feder
Luxembourgish: Fieder
Vilamovian: faoder
Yiddish: פֿעדער (feder)
→ Italian: federa (“pillowcase”)
→ Venetan: fhédera
→ Cimbrian: fòdara


fullijan

fullijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
fullijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
fullijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
fullijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
fulliju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fullidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fullisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fullidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fullidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fulliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fullidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fullidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fullijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fullidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fulliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fullidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fullijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fullidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fullijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fullidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fullijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fullidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fullijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fullidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fullijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fullidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fullijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fullidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fullijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fullidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fulli (class-1 present singular weak)
fulliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
fullijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
fullid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: fyllan
Middle English: fillen, felle, fellen, fil, fill, fille, fillyn, fulle, fullen, fylle, velle, vullen, fillenn (Ormulum)
English: fill
Scots: fill
Yola: vill

Old Frisian:

West Frisian: folje

Old Saxon: fullian
Low German: füllen

Old Dutch: *fullen

Middle Dutch: vullen
Dutch: vullen
Afrikaans: vul
Negerhollands: ful, voel
→ Caribbean Javanese: fèl, ngefèl
Limburgish: völle

Old High German: fullen
Middle High German: vüllen
Bavarian: fuin, fülln, fün
Cimbrian: vüllan, büllan (Mezzaselva)
German: füllen
Luxembourgish: fëllen


tauwjan

tauwjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
tauwjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
tauwjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
tauwjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
tauwju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tawidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tawisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tawidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tawidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tawiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tawidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tawidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tauwjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tawidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tawiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tawidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tauwjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tawidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tauwjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tawidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tauwjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tawidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tauwjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tawidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tauwjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tawidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tauwjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tawidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tauwjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tawidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tawi (class-1 present singular weak)
tawiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
tauwjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
tawid (class-1 participle past weak)
*tawōn (alternative)

Old English: tawian (class 2 weak) (< *tawōn); tēaġan, tēan

Middle English: tawen, tauwen, tewen

English: taw, tew

Scots: taw

Old Saxon: *tōian

Middle Low German: touwen

Old Dutch: *touwen, *tōien

Middle Dutch: touwen, tôyen, tooyen

Dutch: touwen, tooien

Afrikaans: tooi

Old High German: zouwen

Middle High German: zouwen (in bezouwen, enzouwen, erzouwen, etc.), zöuwen


lobōn

lobōn (infinitive)
lobōnijas (genitive infinitive)
lobōnijē (dative infinitive)
lobōniju (infinitive instrumental)
lobō (first-person present singular)
lobōdā (first-person past singular)
lobōs (present second-person singular)
lobōdēs (past second-person singular)
lobōdōs (past second-person singular)
lobōþ (present singular third-person)
lobōdē (past singular third-person)
lobōdā (past singular third-person)
lobōm (first-person plural present)
lobōdum (first-person past plural)
lobōþ (plural present second-person)
lobōdud (past plural second-person)
lobōnþ (plural present third-person)
lobōdun (past plural third-person)
lobōdī (first-person past singular)
lobōdī (past second-person singular)
lobō (present singular third-person)
lobōdī (past singular third-person)
lobōdīm (first-person past plural)
lobōdīd (past plural second-person)
lobōn (plural present third-person)
lobōdīn (past plural third-person)
lobō (present singular)
lobōþ (plural present)
lobōndī (participle present)
lobōd (participle past)

Old English: lofian
Middle English: loven, love, lovon, lowe, lovien, luve, luvie, luvien (Early Middle English), lofenn (Ormulum)
English: lofe, loff, loave, love
Middle Scots: love
Scots: loave

Old Frisian: lovia

North Frisian: lowe

Saterland Frisian: loowje

West Frisian: lauwje, lauwgje; loovje (possibly from Dutch)

Old Saxon: lofōn, lovōn

Middle Low German: loven

German Low German: lowen (Westphalian), loäwen (Westphalian: Paderbornisch); loven

Old Dutch: lovon
Middle Dutch: lōven, laven (Arnhem-Nijmegen, Achterhoek, along the Meuse)
Dutch: loven
Afrikaans: loof, lowe

Old High German: lobōn, lopōn

Middle High German: loben

German: loben

Hunsrik: love

Luxembourgish: luewen

Vilamovian: łöwa

Yiddish: לויבן (loybn)

From Proto-Germanic *lubōną. Equivalent to *lob + *-ōn.


otr

otr (nominative singular)
ottrō (nominative plural)
ottrōs (nominative plural)
otr (accusative singular)
ottrā (accusative plural)
ottras (genitive singular)
ottrō (genitive plural)
ottrē (dative singular)
ottrum (dative plural)
ottru (instrumental singular)
ottrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: otr, oter, ottor, otor

Middle English: oter, otir, otur, otyre

Scots: otter

English: otter

Old Frisian: *otter

Saterland Frisian: Otter

West Frisian: otter

Old Saxon: *ottar

Middle Low German: otter

German Low German: Otter

Old Dutch: *ottar
Middle Dutch: otter
Dutch: otter
Berbice Creole Dutch: otro
Limburgish: ódder

Old High German: ottar

Middle High German: otter

German: Otter


ohsō

ohsō (nominative singular)
ohsan (nominative plural)
ohsan (accusative singular)
ohsan (accusative plural)
ohsini (genitive singular)
ohsan (genitive singular)
ohsanō (genitive plural)
ohsini (dative singular)
ohsan (dative singular)
ohsum (dative plural)
ohsini (instrumental singular)
ohsan (instrumental singular)
ohsum (instrumental plural)

Old English: oxa
Middle English: oxe, hox, nox, occe, ocxe, okse, ox, oxhe, oxse
English: ox (see there for further descendants)
Scots: ox

Old Frisian: oxa

North Frisian: Aus, oxse

West Frisian: okse

Saterland Frisian: Okse

Old Saxon: *ohso

Middle Low German: osce, ochse, osse

German Low German: Osse, Oss

Plautdietsch: Oss

Old Dutch: osso
Middle Dutch: osse
Dutch: os
Afrikaans: os
Negerhollands: os

Old High German: ohso
Middle High German: ohse, ochse, osse, ox
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: oks
Mòcheno: ocks
German: Ochse, Ochs (regional or poetic)
→ Luxembourgish: Ochs
Central Franconian: Ohs
Hunsrik: Ochs
Luxembourgish: Uess
Yiddish: אָקס (oks)

From Proto-Germanic *uhsô, from Proto-Indo-European *uksḗn.


bogō

bogō (nominative singular)
bogan (nominative plural)
bogan (accusative singular)
bogan (accusative plural)
bugini (genitive singular)
bogan (genitive singular)
boganō (genitive plural)
bugini (dative singular)
bogan (dative singular)
bogum (dative plural)
bugini (instrumental singular)
bogan (instrumental singular)
bogum (instrumental plural)

Old English: boga

Middle English: bowe

Scots: bow

English: bow

Old Frisian: boga

Saterland Frisian: Booge

West Frisian: boge

Old Saxon: bogo

Middle Low German: bōge

German Low German: Boog

desctree

Old Dutch: bogo
Middle Dutch: bōge
Dutch: boog
Afrikaans: boog

Old High German: bogo
Middle High German: boge
German: Bogen
Hunsrik: Bohe
Luxembourgish: Bou
Rhine Franconian: Boche, Bouche, Boge, Boo, Booe
Frankfurterisch: [b̥oːɣ̥ə]
Yiddish: בויגן (boygn)


golþ

golþ (nominative singular)
golþu (nominative plural)
golþ (accusative singular)
golþu (accusative plural)
golþas (genitive singular)
golþō (genitive plural)
golþē (dative singular)
golþum (dative plural)
golþu (instrumental singular)
golþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: gold
Middle English: gold
English: gold
Scots: gooth, gowth, gowd, goold

Old Frisian: gold

Saterland Frisian: Gould

West Frisian: goud

Old Saxon: gold

Middle Low German: golt

Low German: Gold

German Low German: Goolt, Guld, Gold

Plautdietsch: Golt

Old Dutch: golt, gold
Middle Dutch: gout
Dutch: goud
Afrikaans: goud
Berbice Creole Dutch: gautu
Negerhollands: gaut, goud, gout
Skepi Creole Dutch: gaut
→ Sranan Tongo: gowtu
→ Caribbean Javanese: gautu
→ Saramaccan: góútu
→ Trió: koutu
Limburgish: góldj

Old High German: gold, cold

Middle High German: golt

Alemannic German: Gold

Bavarian: Goid, Golt

Cimbrian: gold, golt (Sette Comuni)

Mòcheno: golt

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Gold

Luxembourgish: Gold

East Central German:

Vilamovian: gułd

East Franconian:

German: Gold

Rhine Franconian: Gold

Frankfurterisch: [g̥olt]

Pennsylvania German: Gold

Yiddish: גאָלד (gold)


hnut

hnut (nominative singular)
hnuti (nominative plural)
hnutu (accusative singular)
hnuti (accusative plural)
hnuti (genitive singular)
hnotō (genitive plural)
hnuti (dative singular)
hnutum (dative plural)
hnuti (instrumental singular)
hnutum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hnutu
Middle English: nute, note
English: nut
→ Japanese: ナット (natto)
Scots: nute, nuit, nit

Old Frisian: *nutu

Saterland Frisian: Nuute

West Frisian: nút

Old Saxon: hnut, *hnutu

Middle Low German: nōte

German Low German: Nööt

Plautdietsch: Nät

Old Dutch: *nuto
Middle Dutch: nōte
Dutch: noot
Afrikaans: neut
Jersey Dutch: nœüt, nût
Negerhollands: neet, noot
Skepi Creole Dutch: noot
→ Papiamentu: nechi, neetsje, neetsjie (from the diminutive)
→ Saramaccan: notò
Limburgish: noeat (with unexpected oea)

Old High German: nuz
Middle High German: nuz
Alemannic German: Nuss
German: Nuss
Hunsrik: Nuss
Luxembourgish: Noss
Pennsylvania German: Nuss
Yiddish: נוס (nus)


turb

turb (nominative singular)
turbi (nominative plural)
turbu (accusative singular)
turbi (accusative plural)
turbi (genitive singular)
torbō (genitive plural)
turbi (dative singular)
turbum (dative plural)
turbi (instrumental singular)
turbum (instrumental plural)

Old English: turf f
Middle English: turf, turfe, torf, tourfe
English: turf
Scots: turr, truff
Yola: thrive

Old Frisian: turf

>? Saterland Frisian: Toarks

West Frisian: turf (also possibly from Dutch)

Old Saxon: *torf, turf m

Middle Low German: torf m

German Low German: Torf

→ German: Torf
Polish: torf
Portuguese: turfa
Russian: торф (torf)
→ Abkhaz: а-то́рф (a-tʼórf)
→ Armenian: տորֆ (torf)
→ Azerbaijani: torf
→ Georgian: ტორფი (ṭorpi)
→ Ossetian: торф (torf)

→ Old French: torbe

French: tourbe
→ Catalan: torba
→ Galician: turba
→ Italian: torba
→ Romanian: turbă
→ Spanish: turba
→ Turkish: turba

Old Dutch: *torf, *turf

Middle Dutch: turf, torf m

Dutch: turf m

Afrikaans: turf

q

>? Old High German: zurft f (doubtful; singularily attested and phonetically irregular)


stuþ

stuþ (nominative singular)
stuþi (nominative plural)
stuþu (accusative singular)
stuþi (accusative plural)
studi (genitive singular)
stodō (genitive plural)
studi (dative singular)
studum (dative plural)
studi (instrumental singular)
studum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: studu, stuþu
Middle English: stude
English: stud
Scots: stuit

Old High German: *stud

Middle High German: stud

Alemannic German: Stud

German: (obsolete) Stud, Studt


sunnā

sunnā (nominative singular)
sunnōn (nominative plural)
sunnōn (accusative singular)
sunnōn (accusative plural)
sunnōn (genitive singular)
sunnōnō (genitive plural)
sunnōn (dative singular)
sunnōm (dative plural)
sunnum (dative plural)
sunnōn (instrumental singular)
sunnōm (instrumental plural)
sunnum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sunne f
Middle English: sonne, sunne, sone, son, sune, sun, sunna, sunnæ, synne, soen, zunne (Southern West Mid), zonne (Kent)
English: sun
Scots: sun
Yola: zin

Old Frisian: sunne f
North Frisian: san
Saterland Frisian: Sunne
West Frisian: sinne

Old Saxon: sunna f
Middle Low German: sunne f or m, sonne
Low German: Sünne, Sonne
Dutch Low Saxon: zunne
German Low German: Sünn, Sünne, Sonn, Sonne
Plautdietsch: Sonn

Old Dutch: sunna f
Middle Dutch: sonne f or m
Dutch: zon, zun (dialectal)
Afrikaans: son
Berbice Creole Dutch: sono
Jersey Dutch: zon
Negerhollands: son, zon
→ Sranan Tongo: son (see there for further descendants)
Limburgish: zón
West Flemish: zunne
Zealandic: zunne

Old High German: sunna f
Middle High German: sunne f or m
Alemannic German: Sunnä
Italian Walser: sunna, sunnu, sònnò, ŝchunna, ŝchunnà
Bavarian: Son
Cimbrian: sunn, sonde, zunna
Mòcheno: sunn
Udinese: suna, sune, sunne
Viennese: Sun
Central Franconian: Sonn, Sunn (rarer variant)
Hunsrik: Sunn, Sonn
Luxembourgish: Sonn
German: Sonne
Rhine Franconian:
Palatine German: Sunn
Pennsylvania German: Sunn
Vilamovian: zunn, zun
Yiddish: זון (zun)


brunnō

brunnō (nominative singular)
brunnan (nominative plural)
brunnan (accusative singular)
brunnan (accusative plural)
brunnini (genitive singular)
brunnan (genitive singular)
brunnanō (genitive plural)
brunnini (dative singular)
brunnan (dative singular)
brunnum (dative plural)
brunnini (instrumental singular)
brunnan (instrumental singular)
brunnum (instrumental plural)

Old English: burna
Middle English: burne, bourne
English: bourn, burn
Scots: burn

Old Frisian: burna

West Frisian: bearne, boarne

Old Saxon: brunno, borno

Middle Low German: borne, born

Low German: Born

→ German: Born

Old Dutch: brunno
Middle Dutch: borne
Dutch: bron
Afrikaans: bron

Old High German: brunno
Middle High German: brunne
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: prunn
Mòcheno: prunn
Central Franconian:
Luxembourgish: Buer, Bur
Hunsrik: Brunne
German: Brunnen (Bronnen, Brunne, Bronne, Brunn)
Rhine Franconian: Brunne
Yiddish: ברונעם (brunem), ברונע (brune), ברונען (brunen)


kuml

kuml (nominative singular)
kumlu (nominative plural)
kuml (accusative singular)
kumlu (accusative plural)
kumlas (genitive singular)
kumlō (genitive plural)
kumlē (dative singular)
kumlum (dative plural)
kumlu (instrumental singular)
kumlum (instrumental plural)

Old English: cumbl, cumbol

Old Saxon: kumbl, kumbal


gahugdi

gahugdi (nominative singular)
gahugdī (nominative plural)
gahugdi (accusative singular)
gahugdī (accusative plural)
gahugdī (genitive singular)
gahugdijō (genitive plural)
gahugdī (dative singular)
gahugdim (dative plural)
gahugdijum (dative plural)
gahugdī (instrumental singular)
gahugdim (instrumental plural)
gahugdijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġehyġd

Old Saxon: gihugd

Middle Low German: gehügede; gehüchte

Old Dutch: *gihugd

⇒ Old Dutch: gihugdig

Old High German: gihugt

Middle High German: gehuct, gehuht


gulþīn

gulþīn (masculine nominative singular)
gulþīnu (feminine nominative singular)
gulþīn (neuter nominative singular)
gulþīnanā (accusative masculine singular)
gulþīnā (accusative feminine singular)
gulþīn (accusative neuter singular)
gulþīnas (genitive masculine singular)
gulþīneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
gulþīnas (genitive neuter singular)
gulþīnumē (dative masculine singular)
gulþīneʀē (dative feminine singular)
gulþīnumē (dative neuter singular)
gulþīnu (instrumental masculine singular)
gulþīneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
gulþīnu (instrumental neuter singular)
gulþīnē (masculine nominative plural)
gulþīnō (feminine nominative plural)
gulþīnu (neuter nominative plural)
gulþīnā (accusative masculine plural)
gulþīnā (accusative feminine plural)
gulþīnu (accusative neuter plural)
gulþīneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
gulþīneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
gulþīneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
gulþīnēm (dative masculine plural)
gulþīnum (dative masculine plural)
gulþīnēm (dative feminine plural)
gulþīnum (dative feminine plural)
gulþīnēm (dative neuter plural)
gulþīnum (dative neuter plural)
gulþīnēm (instrumental masculine plural)
gulþīnum (instrumental masculine plural)
gulþīnēm (feminine instrumental plural)
gulþīnum (feminine instrumental plural)
gulþīnēm (instrumental neuter plural)
gulþīnum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: gylden
Middle English: gilden, gulden, gylden
English: gilden (archaic), golden (after gold)

Old Frisian: gelden, golden, gulden

Saterland Frisian: goulden

West Frisian: gouden

Old Saxon: guldīn

Middle Low German: golden

desc

Low German: golden, gulden, gollen, gullen

Plautdietsch: golden

Old Dutch: guldīn

Middle Dutch: gouden, gulden

Dutch: gouden, gulden

Afrikaans: goue, gulde

Old High German: guldīn, culdīn

Middle High German: guldīn, güldīn, gulden

Cimbrian: güllan

q

after <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">Gold</i>

German: gülden (archaic), golden (after Gold), Gulden (noun)

Luxembourgish: gëllen

From Proto-Germanic *gulþīnaz. Equivalent to *golþ (“gold”) + *-īn.


þunnī

þunnī (masculine nominative singular)
þunniju (feminine nominative singular)
þunnī (neuter nominative singular)
þunnijanā (accusative masculine singular)
þunnijā (accusative feminine singular)
þunnī (accusative neuter singular)
þunnijas (genitive masculine singular)
þunnijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
þunnijas (genitive neuter singular)
þunnijumē (dative masculine singular)
þunnijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
þunnijumē (dative neuter singular)
þunniju (instrumental masculine singular)
þunnijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
þunniju (instrumental neuter singular)
þunnijē (masculine nominative plural)
þunnijō (feminine nominative plural)
þunniju (neuter nominative plural)
þunnijā (accusative masculine plural)
þunnijā (accusative feminine plural)
þunniju (accusative neuter plural)
þunnijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
þunnijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
þunnijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
þunnijēm (dative masculine plural)
þunnijum (dative masculine plural)
þunnijēm (dative feminine plural)
þunnijum (dative feminine plural)
þunnijēm (dative neuter plural)
þunnijum (dative neuter plural)
þunnijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
þunnijum (instrumental masculine plural)
þunnijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
þunnijum (feminine instrumental plural)
þunnijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
þunnijum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: þynne, þinne
Middle English: thinne, thin, thunne, thenne, þinne, þynne, thynne, thyn
English: thin
Scots: thin

Old Frisian: thenne

Saterland Frisian: tään

West Frisian: tin

Old Saxon: thunni
Middle Low German: dünne
German Low German: dünn
Plautdietsch: denn

Old Dutch: *thunni

Middle Dutch: dunne

Dutch: dun
Afrikaans: dun
Berbice Creole Dutch: doni
Negerhollands: dun, din
→ Aukan: deni, doin

Limburgish: dön

West Flemish: thinne

Old High German: dunni
Middle High German: dünne
Alemannic German: tünn, dünn
Swabian:
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: dünne
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: dinn
Luxembourgish: dënn
East Central German:
Upper Saxon German:
Vilamovian: dynn
East Franconian:
German: dünn
Rhine Franconian: denn, dinn
Frankfurterisch: [d̥in]
Pennsylvania German:
Yiddish: דין (din)

From Proto-Germanic *þunnuz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


stubbju

stubbju (nominative singular)
stubbjiwi (nominative plural)
stubbjō (nominative plural)
stubbju (accusative singular)
stubbjū (accusative plural)
stubbjō (genitive singular)
stubbjiwō (genitive plural)
stubbjiwi (dative singular)
stubbjō (dative singular)
stubbjum (dative plural)
stubbju (instrumental singular)
stubbjum (instrumental plural)

Old High German: stuppi

⇒ German: Gestüpp

Old Dutch: *stubbi

Middle Dutch: stubbe


wunēn

wunēn (infinitive)
wunēnijas (genitive infinitive)
wunēnijē (dative infinitive)
wunēniju (infinitive instrumental)
wunē (first-person present singular)
wun?dā (first-person past singular)
wunēs (present second-person singular)
wun?dēs (past second-person singular)
wunēþ (present singular third-person)
wun?dē (past singular third-person)
wun?dā (past singular third-person)
wunēm (first-person plural present)
wun?dum (first-person past plural)
wunēþ (plural present second-person)
wun?dud (past plural second-person)
wunēnþ (plural present third-person)
wun?dun (past plural third-person)
wun?dī (first-person past singular)
wun?dī (past second-person singular)
wunē (present singular third-person)
wun?dī (past singular third-person)
wun?dīm (first-person past plural)
wun?dīd (past plural second-person)
wunēn (plural present third-person)
wun?dīn (past plural third-person)
wunē (present singular)
wunēþ (plural present)
wunēndī (participle present)
wun?d (participle past)

Old English: wunian

Middle English: wunien, wunen, wonen

English: won, wone

Scots: won, wone

Old Frisian: wunia, wonia, wenja

Saterland Frisian: woonje

West Frisian: wenje

Old Saxon: wunōn, wonōn, wonon

Middle Low German: wōnen

German Low German: wohnen

Low German: wanen

Old Dutch: wonon
Middle Dutch: wōnen
Dutch: wonen
Limburgish: woeane, wónne

Old High German: wonēn

Middle High German: wonen

German: wohnen

Hunsrik: wohne


hunag

hunag (nominative singular)
hunagu (nominative plural)
hunag (accusative singular)
hunagu (accusative plural)
hunagas (genitive singular)
hunagō (genitive plural)
hunagē (dative singular)
hunagum (dative plural)
hunagu (instrumental singular)
hunagum (instrumental plural)

Old English: huniġ
Middle English: hony
English: honey (see there for further descendants)
Scots: honey, hony, huny, hinny
Yola: henee, honi

Old Frisian: hunig, hunich

Saterland Frisian: Huunich

West Frisian: hunich

Old Saxon: huneg, honeg, haneg
Middle Low German: hōnich, honnich, hönich, höneg
German Low German: Hönnig
Plautdietsch: Honnich

Old Dutch: honag, honog

Middle Dutch: honech, honich, heunic

Dutch: honig (archaic)

Old High German: honag, honeg

Middle High German: honec, honic

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Honich

Luxembourgish: Hunneg

Cimbrian: huunig, hone (Luserna)

German: Honig

Rhine Franconian: Honich, Hunich

Frankfurterisch: [hoːniʃ]

Vilamovian: hung

Yiddish: האָניק (honik)


brunaþō

brunaþō (nominative singular)
brunaþan (nominative plural)
brunaþan (accusative singular)
brunaþan (accusative plural)
brunaþini (genitive singular)
brunaþan (genitive singular)
brunaþanō (genitive plural)
brunaþini (dative singular)
brunaþan (dative singular)
brunaþum (dative plural)
brunaþini (instrumental singular)
brunaþan (instrumental singular)
brunaþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bruneþa

Old High German: bronado


hrunō

hrunō (nominative singular)
hrunan (nominative plural)
hrunan (accusative singular)
hrunan (accusative plural)
hrunini (genitive singular)
hrunan (genitive singular)
hrunanō (genitive plural)
hrunini (dative singular)
hrunan (dative singular)
hrunum (dative plural)
hrunini (instrumental singular)
hrunan (instrumental singular)
hrunum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hruna

Old High German: rono


þunēn

þunēn (infinitive)
þunēnijas (genitive infinitive)
þunēnijē (dative infinitive)
þunēniju (infinitive instrumental)
þunē (first-person present singular)
þun?dā (first-person past singular)
þunēs (present second-person singular)
þun?dēs (past second-person singular)
þunēþ (present singular third-person)
þun?dē (past singular third-person)
þun?dā (past singular third-person)
þunēm (first-person plural present)
þun?dum (first-person past plural)
þunēþ (plural present second-person)
þun?dud (past plural second-person)
þunēnþ (plural present third-person)
þun?dun (past plural third-person)
þun?dī (first-person past singular)
þun?dī (past second-person singular)
þunē (present singular third-person)
þun?dī (past singular third-person)
þun?dīm (first-person past plural)
þun?dīd (past plural second-person)
þunēn (plural present third-person)
þun?dīn (past plural third-person)
þunē (present singular)
þunēþ (plural present)
þunēndī (participle present)
þun?d (participle past)

Old English: þunian

Old High German: donēn


folmu

folmu (nominative singular)
folmō (nominative plural)
folmā (accusative singular)
folmā (accusative plural)
folmā (genitive singular)
folmō (genitive plural)
folmē (dative singular)
folmōm (dative plural)
folmum (dative plural)
folmu (instrumental singular)
folmōm (instrumental plural)
folmum (instrumental plural)

Old English: folm, folme

Old Saxon: folm m (only attested as plural)

Old High German: folma


folgēn

folgēn (infinitive)
folgēnijas (genitive infinitive)
folgēnijē (dative infinitive)
folgēniju (infinitive instrumental)
folgē (first-person present singular)
folg?dā (first-person past singular)
folgēs (present second-person singular)
folg?dēs (past second-person singular)
folgēþ (present singular third-person)
folg?dē (past singular third-person)
folg?dā (past singular third-person)
folgēm (first-person plural present)
folg?dum (first-person past plural)
folgēþ (plural present second-person)
folg?dud (past plural second-person)
folgēnþ (plural present third-person)
folg?dun (past plural third-person)
folg?dī (first-person past singular)
folg?dī (past second-person singular)
folgē (present singular third-person)
folg?dī (past singular third-person)
folg?dīm (first-person past plural)
folg?dīd (past plural second-person)
folgēn (plural present third-person)
folg?dīn (past plural third-person)
folgē (present singular)
folgēþ (plural present)
folgēndī (participle present)
folg?d (participle past)

Old English: folgian
Middle English: folwen
English: follow
Middle Scots: folȝe, folow, falow
Scots: follae

Old Frisian: folgia, fulgia, folia
Saterland Frisian: foulgje
West Frisian: folgje

Old Saxon: folgon, fulgon
Middle Low German: volgen
German Low German: folgen

Old Dutch: folgon
Middle Dutch: volgen
Dutch: volgen
Afrikaans: volg
Negerhollands: volg, folok, folk
→ Saramaccan: flakka, faáka
Limburgish: vólge

Old High German: folgēn, folkēn
Middle High German: volgen
Alemannic German: folge
Bavarian: foign
Cimbrian: vòlgan, bòlgan (Mezzaselva)
Mòcheno: volng
German: folgen
Luxembourgish: follegen
Yiddish: פֿאָלגן (folgn)


wikā

wikā (nominative singular)
wikōn (nominative plural)
wikōn (accusative singular)
wikōn (accusative plural)
wikōn (genitive singular)
wikōnō (genitive plural)
wikōn (dative singular)
wikōm (dative plural)
wikum (dative plural)
wikōn (instrumental singular)
wikōm (instrumental plural)
wikum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wiċe, wicu, wucu, wuce, wieċe, weoce
Middle English: weke
English: week
Scots: wouk
Yola: wick, wik

Old Frisian: wike

North Frisian: weg

Saterland Frisian: Wíek

West Frisian: wike

Old Saxon: wika
Middle Low German: wēke
→ North Frisian: Week
German Low German: Week
Plautdietsch: Wäakj

Old Dutch: *wica
Middle Dutch: wēke
Dutch: week
Afrikaans: week
Berbice Creole Dutch: weki
Jersey Dutch: wêk
Negerhollands: week
→ Lokono: wiki
→? Sranan Tongo: wiki
→ Aukan: wiki
→ Saramaccan: wíki
Limburgish: waek

Old High German: wehha, wecha, wohha, wocha
Middle High German: woche, wuche, weche
Alemannic German:
Italian Walser: bòchò, wuchu, wucha, wucchu
Bavarian: Woch, Wocha, Wochn
Cimbrian: bòcha, boch (Luserna)
Mòcheno: boch
Central Franconian: Woch, Wech, Wääch (Ripuarian; now widely obsolete)
Hunsrik: Woch
Luxembourgish: Woch
German: Woche
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Woch
Vilamovian: woch
Yiddish: וואָך (vokh)


klibēn

klibēn (infinitive)
klibēnijas (genitive infinitive)
klibēnijē (dative infinitive)
klibēniju (infinitive instrumental)
klibē (first-person present singular)
klib?dā (first-person past singular)
klibēs (present second-person singular)
klib?dēs (past second-person singular)
klibēþ (present singular third-person)
klib?dē (past singular third-person)
klib?dā (past singular third-person)
klibēm (first-person plural present)
klib?dum (first-person past plural)
klibēþ (plural present second-person)
klib?dud (past plural second-person)
klibēnþ (plural present third-person)
klib?dun (past plural third-person)
klib?dī (first-person past singular)
klib?dī (past second-person singular)
klibē (present singular third-person)
klib?dī (past singular third-person)
klib?dīm (first-person past plural)
klib?dīd (past plural second-person)
klibēn (plural present third-person)
klib?dīn (past plural third-person)
klibē (present singular)
klibēþ (plural present)
klibēndī (participle present)
klib?d (participle past)

Old English: clifian, cleofian

desc

Middle English: clivien, cleovien, clevien, cleven

English: cleave

Scots: cleve, cleif

Old Frisian: *klivia, *klevia

Saterland Frisian: klieuwje

West Frisian: kleevje, klibje

Old Saxon: klibōn, klivōn, *klevōn

Middle Low German: klēven

Low German: kliven

German Low German: kleven

Old Dutch: clivon

Middle Dutch: cleven

Dutch: kleven

Afrikaans: kleef, klewe

Old High German: klebēn, chlebēn; (Central German also) *klevōn (attested as clevōne, clivōda)

Middle High German: kleben

German: kleben

→ Danish: klæbe

→ Estonian: kleepima

→ Swedish: klibba

Luxembourgish: kliewen

Yiddish: קלעפּן (klepn), קלעבן (klebn)


slipr

slipr (masculine nominative singular)
slippru (feminine nominative singular)
slipr (neuter nominative singular)
slippranā (accusative masculine singular)
slipprā (accusative feminine singular)
slipr (accusative neuter singular)
slippras (genitive masculine singular)
slippreʀā (feminine genitive singular)
slippras (genitive neuter singular)
slipprumē (dative masculine singular)
slippreʀē (dative feminine singular)
slipprumē (dative neuter singular)
slippru (instrumental masculine singular)
slippreʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
slippru (instrumental neuter singular)
slipprē (masculine nominative plural)
slipprō (feminine nominative plural)
slippru (neuter nominative plural)
slipprā (accusative masculine plural)
slipprā (accusative feminine plural)
slippru (accusative neuter plural)
slippreʀō (genitive masculine plural)
slippreʀō (feminine genitive plural)
slippreʀō (genitive neuter plural)
slipprēm (dative masculine plural)
slipprum (dative masculine plural)
slipprēm (dative feminine plural)
slipprum (dative feminine plural)
slipprēm (dative neuter plural)
slipprum (dative neuter plural)
slipprēm (instrumental masculine plural)
slipprum (instrumental masculine plural)
slipprēm (feminine instrumental plural)
slipprum (feminine instrumental plural)
slipprēm (instrumental neuter plural)
slipprum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: slipor, sliper, slypor
Middle English: sliper, sluper, slipper
English: slipper
Scots: slipper, slippir, slippar, sloppare
⇒ Middle English: slipperie
English: slippery
Scots: slipperie

Old Frisian: *sliper

⇒ Old Frisian: *sliperich

Saterland Frisian: slipperch

Old Saxon: *slipar

Middle Low German: slipper

desc

⇒ Middle Low German: slipperich, slibberich

→ Danish: slibrig

Old Dutch: *slipar

⇒ Middle Dutch: *slipperich, slibberich, slibbrich

Old High German: sleffar

⇒ Old High German: sleffarag

Middle High German: slipferic, slipferec

German: schlüpfrig


smikr

smikr (masculine nominative singular)
smikkru (feminine nominative singular)
smikr (neuter nominative singular)
smikkranā (accusative masculine singular)
smikkrā (accusative feminine singular)
smikr (accusative neuter singular)
smikkras (genitive masculine singular)
smikkreʀā (feminine genitive singular)
smikkras (genitive neuter singular)
smikkrumē (dative masculine singular)
smikkreʀē (dative feminine singular)
smikkrumē (dative neuter singular)
smikkru (instrumental masculine singular)
smikkreʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
smikkru (instrumental neuter singular)
smikkrē (masculine nominative plural)
smikkrō (feminine nominative plural)
smikkru (neuter nominative plural)
smikkrā (accusative masculine plural)
smikkrā (accusative feminine plural)
smikkru (accusative neuter plural)
smikkreʀō (genitive masculine plural)
smikkreʀō (feminine genitive plural)
smikkreʀō (genitive neuter plural)
smikkrēm (dative masculine plural)
smikkrum (dative masculine plural)
smikkrēm (dative feminine plural)
smikkrum (dative feminine plural)
smikkrēm (dative neuter plural)
smikkrum (dative neuter plural)
smikkrēm (instrumental masculine plural)
smikkrum (instrumental masculine plural)
smikkrēm (feminine instrumental plural)
smikkrum (feminine instrumental plural)
smikkrēm (instrumental neuter plural)
smikkrum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: smicor, smicer

Middle English: smiker

English: smicker

Old High German: smehhar, smechar, *smekkar, *smeckar

Middle High German: smecker

→ Danish: smækker

→ Swedish: smäcker


likkōn

likkōn (infinitive)
likkōnijas (genitive infinitive)
likkōnijē (dative infinitive)
likkōniju (infinitive instrumental)
likkō (first-person present singular)
likkōdā (first-person past singular)
likkōs (present second-person singular)
likkōdēs (past second-person singular)
likkōdōs (past second-person singular)
likkōþ (present singular third-person)
likkōdē (past singular third-person)
likkōdā (past singular third-person)
likkōm (first-person plural present)
likkōdum (first-person past plural)
likkōþ (plural present second-person)
likkōdud (past plural second-person)
likkōnþ (plural present third-person)
likkōdun (past plural third-person)
likkōdī (first-person past singular)
likkōdī (past second-person singular)
likkō (present singular third-person)
likkōdī (past singular third-person)
likkōdīm (first-person past plural)
likkōdīd (past plural second-person)
likkōn (plural present third-person)
likkōdīn (past plural third-person)
likkō (present singular)
likkōþ (plural present)
likkōndī (participle present)
likkōd (participle past)

Old English: liccian

Middle English: likken, licken

Scots: lik

English: lick

Old Frisian: *likkia, *likja

Saterland Frisian: likje

West Frisian: likke

Old Saxon: likkōn, lekkōn

Middle Low German: licken, lecken

Low German: licken

→ Danish: likke

desctree

Old Dutch: leccon
Middle Dutch: lecken
Dutch: likken
Limburgish: lekke

desc

Old High German: leccōn, lechhōn, lechōn

Middle High German: lëcken

German: lecken

Hunsrik: lecke

Luxembourgish: lecken

Vilamovian: łakia

Yiddish: לעקן (lekn)

→? Old French: lekier, lescher, lechier, lecher

Middle French: lécher

French: lécher

→ Middle English: lechen

English: lech

→? Occitan: lecar, lechar

→? Italian: leccare


stikōn

stikōn (infinitive)
stikōnijas (genitive infinitive)
stikōnijē (dative infinitive)
stikōniju (infinitive instrumental)
stikō (first-person present singular)
stikōdā (first-person past singular)
stikōs (present second-person singular)
stikōdēs (past second-person singular)
stikōdōs (past second-person singular)
stikōþ (present singular third-person)
stikōdē (past singular third-person)
stikōdā (past singular third-person)
stikōm (first-person plural present)
stikōdum (first-person past plural)
stikōþ (plural present second-person)
stikōdud (past plural second-person)
stikōnþ (plural present third-person)
stikōdun (past plural third-person)
stikōdī (first-person past singular)
stikōdī (past second-person singular)
stikō (present singular third-person)
stikōdī (past singular third-person)
stikōdīm (first-person past plural)
stikōdīd (past plural second-person)
stikōn (plural present third-person)
stikōdīn (past plural third-person)
stikō (present singular)
stikōþ (plural present)
stikōndī (participle present)
stikōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: stician, stiocian — Kentish
English: stick

Old High German: stehhōn


stigōn

stigōn (infinitive)
stigōnijas (genitive infinitive)
stigōnijē (dative infinitive)
stigōniju (infinitive instrumental)
stigō (first-person present singular)
stigōdā (first-person past singular)
stigōs (present second-person singular)
stigōdēs (past second-person singular)
stigōdōs (past second-person singular)
stigōþ (present singular third-person)
stigōdē (past singular third-person)
stigōdā (past singular third-person)
stigōm (first-person plural present)
stigōdum (first-person past plural)
stigōþ (plural present second-person)
stigōdud (past plural second-person)
stigōnþ (plural present third-person)
stigōdun (past plural third-person)
stigōdī (first-person past singular)
stigōdī (past second-person singular)
stigō (present singular third-person)
stigōdī (past singular third-person)
stigōdīm (first-person past plural)
stigōdīd (past plural second-person)
stigōn (plural present third-person)
stigōdīn (past plural third-person)
stigō (present singular)
stigōþ (plural present)
stigōndī (participle present)
stigōd (participle past)

⇒ Old English: āstigian

Old High German: stegōn


lūkan

lūkan (infinitive)
lūkannjas (genitive infinitive)
lūkannjē (dative infinitive)
lūkannju (infinitive instrumental)
lūku (first-person present singular)
lauk (first-person past singular)
lūkiʀi (present second-person singular)
lukī (past second-person singular)
lūkidi (present singular third-person)
lauk (past singular third-person)
lūkum (first-person plural present)
lukum (first-person past plural)
lūkid (plural present second-person)
lukud (past plural second-person)
lūkand (plural present third-person)
lukun (past plural third-person)
lūkē (first-person present singular)
lukī (first-person past singular)
lūkēs (present second-person singular)
lūkē (present singular third-person)
lukī (past singular third-person)
lūkēm (first-person plural present)
lukīm (first-person past plural)
lūkēþ (plural present second-person)
lukīd (past plural second-person)
lūkēn (plural present third-person)
lukīn (past plural third-person)
lūk (present singular)
lūkid (plural present)
lūkandī (participle present)
lokan (participle past)
*leukan (alternative)

Old English: lūcan

Middle English: luken, louken

gl

English: lock (merged with descendant of Middle English loken, lokken)

Scots: louk, lowk

Old Frisian: lūka

⇒ Saterland Frisian: touluuke, touluke

West Frisian: lûke

Old Saxon: lūkan

⇒ Middle Low German: belûken

⇒ Middle Low German: entlûken

desctree

Old Dutch: *lūcan
Middle Dutch: luken
Dutch: luiken

Old High German: *lūhhan, *liohhan

Middle High German: lūchen, liechen

German: lauchen, liechen

⇒ Old High German: innebilūhhan

⇒ Old High German: untarlūhhan

⇒ Old High German: ūzbilūhhan


sūgan

sūgan (infinitive)
sūgannjas (genitive infinitive)
sūgannjē (dative infinitive)
sūgannju (infinitive instrumental)
sūgu (first-person present singular)
saug (first-person past singular)
sūgiʀi (present second-person singular)
sugī (past second-person singular)
sūgidi (present singular third-person)
saug (past singular third-person)
sūgum (first-person plural present)
sugum (first-person past plural)
sūgid (plural present second-person)
sugud (past plural second-person)
sūgand (plural present third-person)
sugun (past plural third-person)
sūgē (first-person present singular)
sugī (first-person past singular)
sūgēs (present second-person singular)
sūgē (present singular third-person)
sugī (past singular third-person)
sūgēm (first-person plural present)
sugīm (first-person past plural)
sūgēþ (plural present second-person)
sugīd (past plural second-person)
sūgēn (plural present third-person)
sugīn (past plural third-person)
sūg (present singular)
sūgid (plural present)
sūgandī (participle present)
sogan (participle past)

Old English: sūgan
Middle English: sugen (partially)

Old Frisian: *sūga

Saterland Frisian: suge

West Frisian: sûge

Old Saxon: sūgan
Middle Low German: sugen, sȫgen
Low German: sugen

Old Dutch: sūgan
Middle Dutch: sugen
Dutch: zuigen
Afrikaans: suig
Negerhollands: sug
→ Sranan Tongo: soygi
Limburgish: zuge

Old High German: sūgan

Middle High German: sūgen

Alemannic German: suuge

German: saugen

Luxembourgish: saugen

Yiddish: זויגן (zoygn)


sūpan

sūpan (infinitive)
sūpannjas (genitive infinitive)
sūpannjē (dative infinitive)
sūpannju (infinitive instrumental)
sūpu (first-person present singular)
saup (first-person past singular)
sūpiʀi (present second-person singular)
supī (past second-person singular)
sūpidi (present singular third-person)
saup (past singular third-person)
sūpum (first-person plural present)
supum (first-person past plural)
sūpid (plural present second-person)
supud (past plural second-person)
sūpand (plural present third-person)
supun (past plural third-person)
sūpē (first-person present singular)
supī (first-person past singular)
sūpēs (present second-person singular)
sūpē (present singular third-person)
supī (past singular third-person)
sūpēm (first-person plural present)
supīm (first-person past plural)
sūpēþ (plural present second-person)
supīd (past plural second-person)
sūpēn (plural present third-person)
supīn (past plural third-person)
sūp (present singular)
sūpid (plural present)
sūpandī (participle present)
sopan (participle past)

Old English: sūpan

Middle English: soupen

Scots: soup, sowp, sup

English: sup, soup

Old Frisian: *sūpa

Saterland Frisian: suupe

West Frisian: sûpe

Old Saxon: sūpan

Middle Low German: sūpen
German Low German: supen

Old Dutch: *sūpan
Middle Dutch: supen
Dutch: zuipen
Afrikaans: suip
→ Saramaccan: zoin
Limburgish: zoepe

Old High German: sūfan

Middle High German: sūfen

desc

Alemannic German: suufe, süfä (Formazza)

Central Franconian: suffe

Bavarian: saufn

German: saufen, süffeln

Hunsrik: saufe

Luxembourgish: saufen

Yiddish: זויפֿן (zoyfn)


galīk

galīk (masculine nominative singular)
galīku (feminine nominative singular)
galīk (neuter nominative singular)
galīkanā (accusative masculine singular)
galīkā (accusative feminine singular)
galīk (accusative neuter singular)
galīkas (genitive masculine singular)
galīkeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
galīkas (genitive neuter singular)
galīkumē (dative masculine singular)
galīkeʀē (dative feminine singular)
galīkumē (dative neuter singular)
galīku (instrumental masculine singular)
galīkeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
galīku (instrumental neuter singular)
galīkē (masculine nominative plural)
galīkō (feminine nominative plural)
galīku (neuter nominative plural)
galīkā (accusative masculine plural)
galīkā (accusative feminine plural)
galīku (accusative neuter plural)
galīkeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
galīkeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
galīkeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
galīkēm (dative masculine plural)
galīkum (dative masculine plural)
galīkēm (dative feminine plural)
galīkum (dative feminine plural)
galīkēm (dative neuter plural)
galīkum (dative neuter plural)
galīkēm (instrumental masculine plural)
galīkum (instrumental masculine plural)
galīkēm (feminine instrumental plural)
galīkum (feminine instrumental plural)
galīkēm (instrumental neuter plural)
galīkum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: ġelīc
Middle English: ylich, ylych, ilich, ilych, ylik, ylyk, ilik, ilyk, iliche, ileche, ilic, ȝelic, ȝelich, gelic, ylijk, illike, ilek
English: alike
Scots: ylike, ylyke, elike, elyke

Old Frisian: gelīk

Saterland Frisian: gliek

West Frisian: gelyk

Old Saxon: gilīk
Middle Low German: gelīke
Low German: gliek, glieks, geliek, liek; glyk (Paderbornisch)
→ Swedish: gelike

Old Dutch: gilīc, gelich, gelik
Middle Dutch: gelijc
Dutch: gelijk
Afrikaans: gelyk
Berbice Creole Dutch: gliki
Negerhollands: gliek, liek, leik, leiki, liki, lek, li, glik
Limburgish: geliek

Old High German: gilīh, kilih
Middle High German: gelīch, gelich, gelīche, glīch
Alemannic German: gliich, glich
Bavarian: glei
Cimbrian: galàiche
German: gleich
Hunsrik: gleich
Luxembourgish: gläich
Vilamovian: głajch
Yiddish: גלײַך (glaykh)


laiþ

laiþ (masculine nominative singular)
laiþu (feminine nominative singular)
laiþ (neuter nominative singular)
laiþanā (accusative masculine singular)
laiþā (accusative feminine singular)
laiþ (accusative neuter singular)
laiþas (genitive masculine singular)
laiþeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
laiþas (genitive neuter singular)
laiþumē (dative masculine singular)
laiþeʀē (dative feminine singular)
laiþumē (dative neuter singular)
laiþu (instrumental masculine singular)
laiþeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
laiþu (instrumental neuter singular)
laiþē (masculine nominative plural)
laiþō (feminine nominative plural)
laiþu (neuter nominative plural)
laiþā (accusative masculine plural)
laiþā (accusative feminine plural)
laiþu (accusative neuter plural)
laiþeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
laiþeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
laiþeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
laiþēm (dative masculine plural)
laiþum (dative masculine plural)
laiþēm (dative feminine plural)
laiþum (dative feminine plural)
laiþēm (dative neuter plural)
laiþum (dative neuter plural)
laiþēm (instrumental masculine plural)
laiþum (instrumental masculine plural)
laiþēm (feminine instrumental plural)
laiþum (feminine instrumental plural)
laiþēm (instrumental neuter plural)
laiþum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: lāþ
Middle English: lath, loth, lothe
Scots: lathe, laith
English: loath
Scots: lothe, loith

Old Frisian: lēth

Saterland Frisian: läid

West Frisian: leed

Old Saxon: lēth
Middle Low German: lêt, leit
Low German:
Westphalian:
Münsterländisch: leed
Westmünsterländisch: leed

Old Dutch: lēth

Middle Dutch: lêet

Dutch: leed

Old High German: leid
Middle High German: leit
German: leid
Silesian: leed

→ Vulgar Latin: *laidum (see there for further descendants)


laiþattjan

laiþattjan (infinitive)
laiþattjannjas (genitive infinitive)
laiþattjannjē (dative infinitive)
laiþattjannju (infinitive instrumental)
laiþattju (first-person present singular)
laiþattā (first-person past singular)
laiþatisi (present second-person singular)
laiþattēs (past second-person singular)
laiþattōs (past second-person singular)
laiþatiþi (present singular third-person)
laiþattē (past singular third-person)
laiþattā (past singular third-person)
laiþattjum (first-person plural present)
laiþattum (first-person past plural)
laiþatiþ (plural present second-person)
laiþattud (past plural second-person)
laiþattjanþ (plural present third-person)
laiþattun (past plural third-person)
laiþattjē (first-person present singular)
laiþattī (first-person past singular)
laiþattjēs (present second-person singular)
laiþattī (past second-person singular)
laiþattjē (present singular third-person)
laiþattī (past singular third-person)
laiþattjēm (first-person plural present)
laiþattīm (first-person past plural)
laiþattjēþ (plural present second-person)
laiþattīd (past plural second-person)
laiþattjēn (plural present third-person)
laiþattīn (past plural third-person)
laiþati (present singular)
laiþatiþ (plural present)
laiþattjandī (participle present)
laiþatt (participle past)

Old English: lāþettan

Old Saxon: *lēthitiōn

⇒ Old Saxon: ūtlēthitiōn

Old High German: leidezzen


līkattjan

līkattjan (infinitive)
līkattjannjas (genitive infinitive)
līkattjannjē (dative infinitive)
līkattjannju (infinitive instrumental)
līkattju (first-person present singular)
līkattā (first-person past singular)
līkatisi (present second-person singular)
līkattēs (past second-person singular)
līkattōs (past second-person singular)
līkatiþi (present singular third-person)
līkattē (past singular third-person)
līkattā (past singular third-person)
līkattjum (first-person plural present)
līkattum (first-person past plural)
līkatiþ (plural present second-person)
līkattud (past plural second-person)
līkattjanþ (plural present third-person)
līkattun (past plural third-person)
līkattjē (first-person present singular)
līkattī (first-person past singular)
līkattjēs (present second-person singular)
līkattī (past second-person singular)
līkattjē (present singular third-person)
līkattī (past singular third-person)
līkattjēm (first-person plural present)
līkattīm (first-person past plural)
līkattjēþ (plural present second-person)
līkattīd (past plural second-person)
līkattjēn (plural present third-person)
līkattīn (past plural third-person)
līkati (present singular)
līkatiþ (plural present)
līkattjandī (participle present)
līkatt (participle past)

Old English: līċettan

Old High German: līhhezzen


hailattjan

hailattjan (infinitive)
hailattjannjas (genitive infinitive)
hailattjannjē (dative infinitive)
hailattjannju (infinitive instrumental)
hailattju (first-person present singular)
hailattā (first-person past singular)
hailatisi (present second-person singular)
hailattēs (past second-person singular)
hailattōs (past second-person singular)
hailatiþi (present singular third-person)
hailattē (past singular third-person)
hailattā (past singular third-person)
hailattjum (first-person plural present)
hailattum (first-person past plural)
hailatiþ (plural present second-person)
hailattud (past plural second-person)
hailattjanþ (plural present third-person)
hailattun (past plural third-person)
hailattjē (first-person present singular)
hailattī (first-person past singular)
hailattjēs (present second-person singular)
hailattī (past second-person singular)
hailattjē (present singular third-person)
hailattī (past singular third-person)
hailattjēm (first-person plural present)
hailattīm (first-person past plural)
hailattjēþ (plural present second-person)
hailattīd (past plural second-person)
hailattjēn (plural present third-person)
hailattīn (past plural third-person)
hailati (present singular)
hailatiþ (plural present)
hailattjandī (participle present)
hailatt (participle past)

Old English: hālettan; hǣlettan (< *hailittjan ?)

Old English: ġehālettan

Old High German: heilezzen, heilazzen


fallattjan

fallattjan (infinitive)
fallattjannjas (genitive infinitive)
fallattjannjē (dative infinitive)
fallattjannju (infinitive instrumental)
fallattju (first-person present singular)
fallattā (first-person past singular)
fallatisi (present second-person singular)
fallattēs (past second-person singular)
fallattōs (past second-person singular)
fallatiþi (present singular third-person)
fallattē (past singular third-person)
fallattā (past singular third-person)
fallattjum (first-person plural present)
fallattum (first-person past plural)
fallatiþ (plural present second-person)
fallattud (past plural second-person)
fallattjanþ (plural present third-person)
fallattun (past plural third-person)
fallattjē (first-person present singular)
fallattī (first-person past singular)
fallattjēs (present second-person singular)
fallattī (past second-person singular)
fallattjē (present singular third-person)
fallattī (past singular third-person)
fallattjēm (first-person plural present)
fallattīm (first-person past plural)
fallattjēþ (plural present second-person)
fallattīd (past plural second-person)
fallattjēn (plural present third-person)
fallattīn (past plural third-person)
fallati (present singular)
fallatiþ (plural present)
fallattjandī (participle present)
fallatt (participle past)

i

attested as <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">falletande</i> (present participle)

Old English: feallettan (attested as falletande (present participle))

Old High German: fallezzen, fallazzen


fleugan

fleugan (infinitive)
fleugannjas (genitive infinitive)
fleugannjē (dative infinitive)
fleugannju (infinitive instrumental)
fleugu (first-person present singular)
flaug (first-person past singular)
fliugiʀi (present second-person singular)
flugī (past second-person singular)
fliugidi (present singular third-person)
flaug (past singular third-person)
fleugum (first-person plural present)
flugum (first-person past plural)
fliugid (plural present second-person)
flugud (past plural second-person)
fleugand (plural present third-person)
flugun (past plural third-person)
fleugē (first-person present singular)
flugī (first-person past singular)
fleugēs (present second-person singular)
fleugē (present singular third-person)
flugī (past singular third-person)
fleugēm (first-person plural present)
flugīm (first-person past plural)
fleugēþ (plural present second-person)
flugīd (past plural second-person)
fleugēn (plural present third-person)
flugīn (past plural third-person)
fliug (present singular)
fliugid (plural present)
fleugandī (participle present)
flogan (participle past)

Old English: flēogan

Middle English: flien

English: fly

Scots: fle

Yola: vlee

Old Frisian: fliāga

Saterland Frisian: fljoge

West Frisian: fleane

desctree

Old Saxon: fliogan
Middle Low German: vlêgen
Low German: fliegen
German Low German: flegen
Plautdietsch: fläje

Old Dutch: fliegan
Middle Dutch: vliegen
Dutch: vliegen
Limburgish: vlege

Old High German: fliogan, fliocan
Middle High German: vliegen
Central Franconian: fleeje
German: fliegen
Luxembourgish: fléien
Yiddish: פֿליִען (flien)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *plew-
Proto-Indo-European *plewk-der.
Proto-Germanic *fleuganą
Proto-West Germanic *fleugan
From Proto-Germanic *fleuganą.


dreupan

dreupan (infinitive)
dreupannjas (genitive infinitive)
dreupannjē (dative infinitive)
dreupannju (infinitive instrumental)
dreupu (first-person present singular)
draup (first-person past singular)
driupiʀi (present second-person singular)
drupī (past second-person singular)
driupidi (present singular third-person)
draup (past singular third-person)
dreupum (first-person plural present)
drupum (first-person past plural)
driupid (plural present second-person)
drupud (past plural second-person)
dreupand (plural present third-person)
drupun (past plural third-person)
dreupē (first-person present singular)
drupī (first-person past singular)
dreupēs (present second-person singular)
dreupē (present singular third-person)
drupī (past singular third-person)
dreupēm (first-person plural present)
drupīm (first-person past plural)
dreupēþ (plural present second-person)
drupīd (past plural second-person)
dreupēn (plural present third-person)
drupīn (past plural third-person)
driup (present singular)
driupid (plural present)
dreupandī (participle present)
dropan (participle past)

desctree

Old English: drēopan
Middle English: drepen, drepe
Scots: dreep
→ English: dreep

Old Frisian: driāpa

⇒ Saterland Frisian: drjupe

⇒ West Frisian: drippe, dripje

Old Saxon: driopan

Middle Low German: drêpen

Old Dutch: driopan, driepan

Middle Dutch: drupen

Dutch: druipen

Afrikaans: druip

Old High German: triofan

Middle High German: triefen

German: triefen

Yiddish: טריפֿן (trifn)


blīkan

blīkan (infinitive)
blīkannjas (genitive infinitive)
blīkannjē (dative infinitive)
blīkannju (infinitive instrumental)
blīku (first-person present singular)
blaik (first-person past singular)
blīkiʀi (present second-person singular)
blikī (past second-person singular)
blīkidi (present singular third-person)
blaik (past singular third-person)
blīkum (first-person plural present)
blikum (first-person past plural)
blīkid (plural present second-person)
blikud (past plural second-person)
blīkand (plural present third-person)
blikun (past plural third-person)
blīkē (first-person present singular)
blikī (first-person past singular)
blīkēs (present second-person singular)
blīkē (present singular third-person)
blikī (past singular third-person)
blīkēm (first-person plural present)
blikīm (first-person past plural)
blīkēþ (plural present second-person)
blikīd (past plural second-person)
blīkēn (plural present third-person)
blikīn (past plural third-person)
blīk (present singular)
blīkid (plural present)
blīkandī (participle present)
blikan (participle past)

Old English: blīcan

Middle English: blīken

English: blike (obsolete)

Old Frisian: blīka

West Frisian: blyckjen, blike

Old Saxon: blīkan

Middle Low German: blīken, blicken

Low German: bleken

Old Dutch: *blīcan
Middle Dutch: bliken
Dutch: blijken
Afrikaans: blyk
Limburgish: blieke

Old High German: blīhhan, blīchan

Middle High German: blīchen

q

merged with <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*blaikijaną</i>

German: bleichen (merged with *blaikijaną)


flogattjan

flogattjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
flogattjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
flogattjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
flogattjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
flogattju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
flogattā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
flogatisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
flogattēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
flogattōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
flogatiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
flogattē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
flogattā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
flogattjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
flogattum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
flogatiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
flogattud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
flogattjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
flogattun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
flogattjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
flogattī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
flogattjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
flogattī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
flogattjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
flogattī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
flogattjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
flogattīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
flogattjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
flogattīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
flogattjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
flogattīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
flogati (class-1 present singular weak)
flogatiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
flogattjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
flogatt (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: flogettan

Old High German: flogezzen


droppattjan

droppattjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
droppattjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
droppattjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
droppattjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
droppattju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
droppattā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
droppatisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
droppattēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
droppattōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
droppatiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
droppattē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
droppattā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
droppattjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
droppattum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
droppatiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
droppattud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
droppattjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
droppattun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
droppattjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
droppattī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
droppattjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
droppattī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
droppattjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
droppattī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
droppattjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
droppattīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
droppattjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
droppattīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
droppattjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
droppattīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
droppati (class-1 present singular weak)
droppatiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
droppattjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
droppatt (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: droppettan

Old High German: tropfezzen


blikkattjan

blikkattjan (infinitive)
blikkattjannjas (genitive infinitive)
blikkattjannjē (dative infinitive)
blikkattjannju (infinitive instrumental)
blikkattju (first-person present singular)
blikkattā (first-person past singular)
blikkatisi (present second-person singular)
blikkattēs (past second-person singular)
blikkattōs (past second-person singular)
blikkatiþi (present singular third-person)
blikkattē (past singular third-person)
blikkattā (past singular third-person)
blikkattjum (first-person plural present)
blikkattum (first-person past plural)
blikkatiþ (plural present second-person)
blikkattud (past plural second-person)
blikkattjanþ (plural present third-person)
blikkattun (past plural third-person)
blikkattjē (first-person present singular)
blikkattī (first-person past singular)
blikkattjēs (present second-person singular)
blikkattī (past second-person singular)
blikkattjē (present singular third-person)
blikkattī (past singular third-person)
blikkattjēm (first-person plural present)
blikkattīm (first-person past plural)
blikkattjēþ (plural present second-person)
blikkattīd (past plural second-person)
blikkattjēn (plural present third-person)
blikkattīn (past plural third-person)
blikkati (present singular)
blikkatiþ (plural present)
blikkattjandī (participle present)
blikkatt (participle past)

Old English: bliccettan; (blīcettan)

desc

Old High German: blekkezzen, bleckezzen, blechazan

Middle High German: bleczen

German: blickzen (archaic), blitzen

Alemannic German: blitzgen, blixen

Swabian: blitzgen

From a derivative of *blīkan + *-attjan.


rīkisōn

rīkisōn (infinitive)
rīkisōnijas (genitive infinitive)
rīkisōnijē (dative infinitive)
rīkisōniju (infinitive instrumental)
rīkisō (first-person present singular)
rīkisōdā (first-person past singular)
rīkisōs (present second-person singular)
rīkisōdēs (past second-person singular)
rīkisōdōs (past second-person singular)
rīkisōþ (present singular third-person)
rīkisōdē (past singular third-person)
rīkisōdā (past singular third-person)
rīkisōm (first-person plural present)
rīkisōdum (first-person past plural)
rīkisōþ (plural present second-person)
rīkisōdud (past plural second-person)
rīkisōnþ (plural present third-person)
rīkisōdun (past plural third-person)
rīkisōdī (first-person past singular)
rīkisōdī (past second-person singular)
rīkisō (present singular third-person)
rīkisōdī (past singular third-person)
rīkisōdīm (first-person past plural)
rīkisōdīd (past plural second-person)
rīkisōn (plural present third-person)
rīkisōdīn (past plural third-person)
rīkisō (present singular)
rīkisōþ (plural present)
rīkisōndī (participle present)
rīkisōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: rīcsian, rīxian
Middle English: rixen, rixan, rixiæn, rixigen, rixin (early)

Old High German: *rīhhisōn, *rīchisōn

Middle High German: rīchesen, rīchsen


grimmisōn

grimmisōn (infinitive)
grimmisōnijas (genitive infinitive)
grimmisōnijē (dative infinitive)
grimmisōniju (infinitive instrumental)
grimmisō (first-person present singular)
grimmisōdā (first-person past singular)
grimmisōs (present second-person singular)
grimmisōdēs (past second-person singular)
grimmisōdōs (past second-person singular)
grimmisōþ (present singular third-person)
grimmisōdē (past singular third-person)
grimmisōdā (past singular third-person)
grimmisōm (first-person plural present)
grimmisōdum (first-person past plural)
grimmisōþ (plural present second-person)
grimmisōdud (past plural second-person)
grimmisōnþ (plural present third-person)
grimmisōdun (past plural third-person)
grimmisōdī (first-person past singular)
grimmisōdī (past second-person singular)
grimmisō (present singular third-person)
grimmisōdī (past singular third-person)
grimmisōdīm (first-person past plural)
grimmisōdīd (past plural second-person)
grimmisōn (plural present third-person)
grimmisōdīn (past plural third-person)
grimmisō (present singular)
grimmisōþ (plural present)
grimmisōndī (participle present)
grimmisōd (participle past)

Old English: grimsian, grimsiġan
⇒ Middle English: grimsli (adverb)

Old High German: grimmisōn


diurisōn

diurisōn (infinitive)
diurisōnijas (genitive infinitive)
diurisōnijē (dative infinitive)
diurisōniju (infinitive instrumental)
diurisō (first-person present singular)
diurisōdā (first-person past singular)
diurisōs (present second-person singular)
diurisōdēs (past second-person singular)
diurisōdōs (past second-person singular)
diurisōþ (present singular third-person)
diurisōdē (past singular third-person)
diurisōdā (past singular third-person)
diurisōm (first-person plural present)
diurisōdum (first-person past plural)
diurisōþ (plural present second-person)
diurisōdud (past plural second-person)
diurisōnþ (plural present third-person)
diurisōdun (past plural third-person)
diurisōdī (first-person past singular)
diurisōdī (past second-person singular)
diurisō (present singular third-person)
diurisōdī (past singular third-person)
diurisōdīm (first-person past plural)
diurisōdīd (past plural second-person)
diurisōn (plural present third-person)
diurisōdīn (past plural third-person)
diurisō (present singular)
diurisōþ (plural present)
diurisōndī (participle present)
diurisōd (participle past)

Old English: dīersian

Old High German: tiurisōn


gīdisōn

gīdisōn (infinitive)
gīdisōnijas (genitive infinitive)
gīdisōnijē (dative infinitive)
gīdisōniju (infinitive instrumental)
gīdisō (first-person present singular)
gīdisōdā (first-person past singular)
gīdisōs (present second-person singular)
gīdisōdēs (past second-person singular)
gīdisōdōs (past second-person singular)
gīdisōþ (present singular third-person)
gīdisōdē (past singular third-person)
gīdisōdā (past singular third-person)
gīdisōm (first-person plural present)
gīdisōdum (first-person past plural)
gīdisōþ (plural present second-person)
gīdisōdud (past plural second-person)
gīdisōnþ (plural present third-person)
gīdisōdun (past plural third-person)
gīdisōdī (first-person past singular)
gīdisōdī (past second-person singular)
gīdisō (present singular third-person)
gīdisōdī (past singular third-person)
gīdisōdīm (first-person past plural)
gīdisōdīd (past plural second-person)
gīdisōn (plural present third-person)
gīdisōdīn (past plural third-person)
gīdisō (present singular)
gīdisōþ (plural present)
gīdisōndī (participle present)
gīdisōd (participle past)

Old English: ġītsian, ġīetsian, ġȳtsian
Middle English: gitsigen, ȝitsien, ȝiscen, yitsen

Old High German: *gītisōn

Middle High German: gītesen, gītsen

German: geizen

Cimbrian: ghìtzan


gīd

gīd (nominative singular)
gīdō (nominative plural)
gīdōs (nominative plural)
gīd (accusative singular)
gīdā (accusative plural)
gīdas (genitive singular)
gīdō (genitive plural)
gīdē (dative singular)
gīdum (dative plural)
gīdu (instrumental singular)
gīdum (instrumental plural)

Old High German: gīt

From Proto-Germanic *gīdaz (“greed, desire”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeydʰ-o-, from *gʰeydʰ- (“to yearn for”); cognate with Lithuanian gei̇̃sti (“to desire, crave”).


diurī

diurī (masculine nominative singular)
diuriju (feminine nominative singular)
diurī (neuter nominative singular)
diurijanā (accusative masculine singular)
diurijā (accusative feminine singular)
diurī (accusative neuter singular)
diurijas (genitive masculine singular)
diurijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
diurijas (genitive neuter singular)
diurijumē (dative masculine singular)
diurijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
diurijumē (dative neuter singular)
diuriju (instrumental masculine singular)
diurijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
diuriju (instrumental neuter singular)
diurijē (masculine nominative plural)
diurijō (feminine nominative plural)
diuriju (neuter nominative plural)
diurijā (accusative masculine plural)
diurijā (accusative feminine plural)
diuriju (accusative neuter plural)
diurijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
diurijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
diurijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
diurijēm (dative masculine plural)
diurijum (dative masculine plural)
diurijēm (dative feminine plural)
diurijum (dative feminine plural)
diurijēm (dative neuter plural)
diurijum (dative neuter plural)
diurijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
diurijum (instrumental masculine plural)
diurijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
diurijum (feminine instrumental plural)
diurijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
diurijum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: dīere, dīore — Northumbrian, dȳre, dēore
Middle English: dere, deere, deore
English: dear
Scots: dere, deir
Yola: dear

Old Frisian: diore, diure

Saterland Frisian: djuur

West Frisian: djoer

Old Saxon: diuri

Middle Low German: dûre, dûr

German Low German: düür

Old Dutch: diuri
Middle Dutch: diere
Dutch: dier, duur
Limburgish: deer, duur
West Flemish: diere

Old High German: tiuri
Middle High German: tiure
Alemannic German: tüür
Bavarian: teier
German: teuer
Vilamovian: taojer
Yiddish: טײַער (tayer)


grimm

grimm (masculine nominative singular)
grimmu (feminine nominative singular)
grimm (neuter nominative singular)
grimmanā (accusative masculine singular)
grimmā (accusative feminine singular)
grimm (accusative neuter singular)
grimmas (genitive masculine singular)
grimmeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
grimmas (genitive neuter singular)
grimmumē (dative masculine singular)
grimmeʀē (dative feminine singular)
grimmumē (dative neuter singular)
grimmu (instrumental masculine singular)
grimmeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
grimmu (instrumental neuter singular)
grimmē (masculine nominative plural)
grimmō (feminine nominative plural)
grimmu (neuter nominative plural)
grimmā (accusative masculine plural)
grimmā (accusative feminine plural)
grimmu (accusative neuter plural)
grimmeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
grimmeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
grimmeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
grimmēm (dative masculine plural)
grimmum (dative masculine plural)
grimmēm (dative feminine plural)
grimmum (dative feminine plural)
grimmēm (dative neuter plural)
grimmum (dative neuter plural)
grimmēm (instrumental masculine plural)
grimmum (instrumental masculine plural)
grimmēm (feminine instrumental plural)
grimmum (feminine instrumental plural)
grimmēm (instrumental neuter plural)
grimmum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: grimm, grim

Middle English: grim

English: grim

Scots: grim

Old Frisian: grimm, grim

Saterland Frisian: grimm

West Frisian: grym

Old Saxon: grim

Middle Low German: grim

German Low German: grimm

Old Dutch: grim
Middle Dutch: grim
Dutch: grim

Old High German: grim

Middle High German: grim, grimme

German: grimm (archaic)


hwinisōn

hwinisōn (infinitive)
hwinisōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hwinisōnijē (dative infinitive)
hwinisōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hwinisō (first-person present singular)
hwinisōdā (first-person past singular)
hwinisōs (present second-person singular)
hwinisōdēs (past second-person singular)
hwinisōdōs (past second-person singular)
hwinisōþ (present singular third-person)
hwinisōdē (past singular third-person)
hwinisōdā (past singular third-person)
hwinisōm (first-person plural present)
hwinisōdum (first-person past plural)
hwinisōþ (plural present second-person)
hwinisōdud (past plural second-person)
hwinisōnþ (plural present third-person)
hwinisōdun (past plural third-person)
hwinisōdī (first-person past singular)
hwinisōdī (past second-person singular)
hwinisō (present singular third-person)
hwinisōdī (past singular third-person)
hwinisōdīm (first-person past plural)
hwinisōdīd (past plural second-person)
hwinisōn (plural present third-person)
hwinisōdīn (past plural third-person)
hwinisō (present singular)
hwinisōþ (plural present)
hwinisōndī (participle present)
hwinisōd (participle past)

Old English: hwinsian

Middle English: whinsen

English: whinge

Scots: quhynge, wheenge, whinge

Old Saxon: *winisōn, *winsōn

Middle Low German: winsen

Old High German: winisōn, winsōn

Middle High German: winsen

German: winsen

⇒ Middle High German: winselen, winseln

German: winseln


hriuwisōn

hriuwisōn (infinitive)
hriuwisōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hriuwisōnijē (dative infinitive)
hriuwisōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hriuwisō (first-person present singular)
hriuwisōdā (first-person past singular)
hriuwisōs (present second-person singular)
hriuwisōdēs (past second-person singular)
hriuwisōdōs (past second-person singular)
hriuwisōþ (present singular third-person)
hriuwisōdē (past singular third-person)
hriuwisōdā (past singular third-person)
hriuwisōm (first-person plural present)
hriuwisōdum (first-person past plural)
hriuwisōþ (plural present second-person)
hriuwisōdud (past plural second-person)
hriuwisōnþ (plural present third-person)
hriuwisōdun (past plural third-person)
hriuwisōdī (first-person past singular)
hriuwisōdī (past second-person singular)
hriuwisō (present singular third-person)
hriuwisōdī (past singular third-person)
hriuwisōdīm (first-person past plural)
hriuwisōdīd (past plural second-person)
hriuwisōn (plural present third-person)
hriuwisōdīn (past plural third-person)
hriuwisō (present singular)
hriuwisōþ (plural present)
hriuwisōndī (participle present)
hriuwisōd (participle past)

Old English: hrēowsian

Old High German: riuwisōn


hreuwu

hreuwu (nominative singular)
hreuwō (nominative plural)
hreuwā (accusative singular)
hreuwā (accusative plural)
hreuwā (genitive singular)
hreuwō (genitive plural)
hreuwē (dative singular)
hreuwōm (dative plural)
hreuwum (dative plural)
hreuwu (instrumental singular)
hreuwōm (instrumental plural)
hreuwum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hrēow
Middle English: rewe
English: rue (archaic)
Scots: rew, rue

Old Frisian: hrīowe

West Frisian: rouwe

Old Saxon: hreuwa

Middle Low German: ruwe, rouwe

→ Norwegian Bokmål: ruelse

Old Dutch: *reuwa

Middle Dutch: ruwe, rouwe

Dutch: rouw

Afrikaans: rou

Old High German: hriuwa, riuwa

Middle High German: riuwe

German: Reue

Hunsrik: Rei

Luxembourgish: Rei

From *hreuwan (“to cause pain, regret”) + *-u.


hwīnan

hwīnan (infinitive)
hwīnannjas (genitive infinitive)
hwīnannjē (dative infinitive)
hwīnannju (infinitive instrumental)
hwīnu (first-person present singular)
hwain (first-person past singular)
hwīniʀi (present second-person singular)
hwinī (past second-person singular)
hwīnidi (present singular third-person)
hwain (past singular third-person)
hwīnum (first-person plural present)
hwinum (first-person past plural)
hwīnid (plural present second-person)
hwinud (past plural second-person)
hwīnand (plural present third-person)
hwinun (past plural third-person)
hwīnē (first-person present singular)
hwinī (first-person past singular)
hwīnēs (present second-person singular)
hwīnē (present singular third-person)
hwinī (past singular third-person)
hwīnēm (first-person plural present)
hwinīm (first-person past plural)
hwīnēþ (plural present second-person)
hwinīd (past plural second-person)
hwīnēn (plural present third-person)
hwinīn (past plural third-person)
hwīn (present singular)
hwīnid (plural present)
hwīnandī (participle present)
hwinan (participle past)

desctree

Old English: hwīnan
Middle English: whynen, whine, whinen, whyne, whynyn, hwinen, hwyne (Early Middle English)
English: whine
Middle Scots: quhyn, whyne (possibly borrowed from Early Modern English)

Old Saxon: hwīnan


diuriþu

diuriþu (nominative singular)
diuriþō (nominative plural)
diuriþā (accusative singular)
diuriþā (accusative plural)
diuriþā (genitive singular)
diuriþō (genitive plural)
diuriþē (dative singular)
diuriþōm (dative plural)
diuriþum (dative plural)
diuriþu (instrumental singular)
diuriþōm (instrumental plural)
diuriþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *dīerþu, *dīerþ

Middle English: derthe, derth, derþ, derþe, dierþe, dyrthe
English: dearth
Scots: dearth, darth, deart, daart

Old Frisian: *diōrithe, *diōrthe

Saterland Frisian: Djuurte

West Frisian: djoerte

Old Saxon: diuritha

desc

Middle Low German: dǖrede, dûrete, dûrte

German Low German: Düürte

Old Dutch: *diuritha

Middle Dutch: dierte, duurte

Dutch: duurte

Afrikaans: duurte

Old High German: tiurida

Middle High German: tiurede, tiurde, tūrde

From Proto-Germanic *diuriþō. Equivalent to *diurī (“valuable, precious”) + *-iþu (abstract noun suffix).


fastī

fastī (masculine nominative singular)
fastiju (feminine nominative singular)
fastī (neuter nominative singular)
fastijanā (accusative masculine singular)
fastijā (accusative feminine singular)
fastī (accusative neuter singular)
fastijas (genitive masculine singular)
fastijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
fastijas (genitive neuter singular)
fastijumē (dative masculine singular)
fastijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
fastijumē (dative neuter singular)
fastiju (instrumental masculine singular)
fastijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
fastiju (instrumental neuter singular)
fastijē (masculine nominative plural)
fastijō (feminine nominative plural)
fastiju (neuter nominative plural)
fastijā (accusative masculine plural)
fastijā (accusative feminine plural)
fastiju (accusative neuter plural)
fastijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
fastijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
fastijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
fastijēm (dative masculine plural)
fastijum (dative masculine plural)
fastijēm (dative feminine plural)
fastijum (dative feminine plural)
fastijēm (dative neuter plural)
fastijum (dative neuter plural)
fastijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
fastijum (instrumental masculine plural)
fastijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
fastijum (feminine instrumental plural)
fastijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
fastijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Saxon: festi

Middle Low German: feste, veste, vest

Low German: fest

Old High German: festi

Middle High German: feste, veste

German: fest

From Proto-Germanic *fastuz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


fastinōn

fastinōn (infinitive)
fastinōnijas (genitive infinitive)
fastinōnijē (dative infinitive)
fastinōniju (infinitive instrumental)
fastinō (first-person present singular)
fastinōdā (first-person past singular)
fastinōs (present second-person singular)
fastinōdēs (past second-person singular)
fastinōdōs (past second-person singular)
fastinōþ (present singular third-person)
fastinōdē (past singular third-person)
fastinōdā (past singular third-person)
fastinōm (first-person plural present)
fastinōdum (first-person past plural)
fastinōþ (plural present second-person)
fastinōdud (past plural second-person)
fastinōnþ (plural present third-person)
fastinōdun (past plural third-person)
fastinōdī (first-person past singular)
fastinōdī (past second-person singular)
fastinō (present singular third-person)
fastinōdī (past singular third-person)
fastinōdīm (first-person past plural)
fastinōdīd (past plural second-person)
fastinōn (plural present third-person)
fastinōdīn (past plural third-person)
fastinō (present singular)
fastinōþ (plural present)
fastinōndī (participle present)
fastinōd (participle past)

Old English: fæstnian

Middle English: fastnen, festnen

English: fasten

Scots: festin

Old Frisian: festnia

Old Saxon: *festinōn, fastnōn

Middle Low German: vestenen

Old Dutch: *festinon

Middle Dutch: vestenen

Old High German: festinōn

Middle High German: festenen, vestenen

German: festnen, festenen (obsolete)


habinōn

habinōn (infinitive)
habinōnijas (genitive infinitive)
habinōnijē (dative infinitive)
habinōniju (infinitive instrumental)
habinō (first-person present singular)
habinōdā (first-person past singular)
habinōs (present second-person singular)
habinōdēs (past second-person singular)
habinōdōs (past second-person singular)
habinōþ (present singular third-person)
habinōdē (past singular third-person)
habinōdā (past singular third-person)
habinōm (first-person plural present)
habinōdum (first-person past plural)
habinōþ (plural present second-person)
habinōdud (past plural second-person)
habinōnþ (plural present third-person)
habinōdun (past plural third-person)
habinōdī (first-person past singular)
habinōdī (past second-person singular)
habinō (present singular third-person)
habinōdī (past singular third-person)
habinōdīm (first-person past plural)
habinōdīd (past plural second-person)
habinōn (plural present third-person)
habinōdīn (past plural third-person)
habinō (present singular)
habinōþ (plural present)
habinōndī (participle present)
habinōd (participle past)

Old English: hafenian

Old Frisian: havenia

West Frisian: havenje

Old Saxon: *hafenōn

Middle Low German: hāvenen

Old Dutch: *hafenon

Middle Dutch: hāvenen

Dutch: havenen

Old High German: hebinōn

Middle High German: hebenen


wītinōn

wītinōn (infinitive)
wītinōnijas (genitive infinitive)
wītinōnijē (dative infinitive)
wītinōniju (infinitive instrumental)
wītinō (first-person present singular)
wītinōdā (first-person past singular)
wītinōs (present second-person singular)
wītinōdēs (past second-person singular)
wītinōdōs (past second-person singular)
wītinōþ (present singular third-person)
wītinōdē (past singular third-person)
wītinōdā (past singular third-person)
wītinōm (first-person plural present)
wītinōdum (first-person past plural)
wītinōþ (plural present second-person)
wītinōdud (past plural second-person)
wītinōnþ (plural present third-person)
wītinōdun (past plural third-person)
wītinōdī (first-person past singular)
wītinōdī (past second-person singular)
wītinō (present singular third-person)
wītinōdī (past singular third-person)
wītinōdīm (first-person past plural)
wītinōdīd (past plural second-person)
wītinōn (plural present third-person)
wītinōdīn (past plural third-person)
wītinō (present singular)
wītinōþ (plural present)
wītinōndī (participle present)
wītinōd (participle past)

Old English: wītnian

Middle English: witnien, witnen

Old Frisian: wītnia

Old Saxon: wītnon

Old Dutch: wītinon

Old High German: wīzinōn

Middle High German: wīzenen


handulōn

handulōn (infinitive)
handulōnijas (genitive infinitive)
handulōnijē (dative infinitive)
handulōniju (infinitive instrumental)
handulō (first-person present singular)
handulōdā (first-person past singular)
handulōs (present second-person singular)
handulōdēs (past second-person singular)
handulōdōs (past second-person singular)
handulōþ (present singular third-person)
handulōdē (past singular third-person)
handulōdā (past singular third-person)
handulōm (first-person plural present)
handulōdum (first-person past plural)
handulōþ (plural present second-person)
handulōdud (past plural second-person)
handulōnþ (plural present third-person)
handulōdun (past plural third-person)
handulōdī (first-person past singular)
handulōdī (past second-person singular)
handulō (present singular third-person)
handulōdī (past singular third-person)
handulōdīm (first-person past plural)
handulōdīd (past plural second-person)
handulōn (plural present third-person)
handulōdīn (past plural third-person)
handulō (present singular)
handulōþ (plural present)
handulōndī (participle present)
handulōd (participle past)

Old English: handlian

Middle English: handlen

Scots: handil

English: handle

→ Dutch: handelen

→ German: händeln, handeln

Old Frisian: handelia, hondelia

Saterland Frisian: hondelje

West Frisian: handelje, hannelje

Old Saxon: handlōn

Middle Low German: handelen

German Low German: handeln, hanneln

Plautdietsch: hendlen

Old Dutch: *handalon

desctree

Middle Dutch: handelen
Dutch: handelen
Afrikaans: handel
Negerhollands: handel
→ Caribbean Javanese: andel
Limburgish: hanjele

Old High German: hantalōn

Middle High German: handeln

German: handeln

→ Luxembourgish: handelen

Yiddish: האַנדלען (handlen)


winiskapi

winiskapi (nominative singular)
winiskapī (nominative plural)
winiskapi (accusative singular)
winiskapī (accusative plural)
winiskapī (genitive singular)
winiskappjō (genitive plural)
winiskapī (dative singular)
winiskapim (dative plural)
winiskappjum (dative plural)
winiskapī (instrumental singular)
winiskapim (instrumental plural)
winiskappjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: winesċipe

Old High German: winiskaf

Middle High German: wineschaft

From Proto-Germanic *winiskapiz. Equivalent to *wini + *-skapi.


bodaskapi

bodaskapi (nominative singular)
bodaskapī (nominative plural)
bodaskapi (accusative singular)
bodaskapī (accusative plural)
bodaskapī (genitive singular)
bodaskappjō (genitive plural)
bodaskapī (dative singular)
bodaskapim (dative plural)
bodaskappjum (dative plural)
bodaskapī (instrumental singular)
bodaskapim (instrumental plural)
bodaskappjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bodsċipe

Old Saxon: bodskepi

Low German: Böskupp

Old Dutch: *bodascap

Middle Dutch: bōdeschap

Dutch: boodschap
Afrikaans: boodskap
Negerhollands: boodskap, boskap
→ Caribbean Javanese: boskap
→ Sranan Tongo: boskopu
Aukan: bosikopu
Saramaccan: bosikópu
→ Lokono: boskopo

Old High German: botascaf

German: Botschaft

From Proto-Germanic *budaskapiz. Equivalent to *bod + *-skapi.


friundskapi

friundskapi (nominative singular)
friundskapī (nominative plural)
friundskapi (accusative singular)
friundskapī (accusative plural)
friundskapī (genitive singular)
friundskappjō (genitive plural)
friundskapī (dative singular)
friundskapim (dative plural)
friundskappjum (dative plural)
friundskapī (instrumental singular)
friundskapim (instrumental plural)
friundskappjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: frēondsċiepe, frēondsċype, frēondsċipe
Middle English: frendschip, frendshipe, frendschipe, freondschipe, frenshepe, frenship, frenschip, frendeschip, frendship, frenchyp, frendeschepe, frenschepe, ffrenschip, frendshipp
English: friendship
Scots: friendship

Old Frisian: friūndskip

desc

Saterland Frisian: Früündskup, Fjundskup

West Frisian: freonskip

Old Saxon: friundskepi

Middle Low German: *vrintskap

Low German: Fründschap, Fründschop

desctree

Old Dutch: friuntscap
Middle Dutch: vrientschap
Dutch: vriendschap
Negerhollands: vriendskap

desc

Old High German: friuntscaf, *friundskaft

Middle High German: *vriuntschaft

German: Freundschaft