agalaitī

agalaitī (nominative singular)
agalaitiju (nominative plural)
agalaitī (accusative singular)
agalaitiju (accusative plural)
agalaitijas (genitive singular)
agalaitijō (genitive plural)
agalaitijē (dative singular)
agalaitijum (dative plural)
agalaitiju (instrumental singular)
agalaitijum (instrumental plural)

Old High German: agaleizi


agalaitī

agalaitī (nominative singular)
agalaitīn (accusative singular)
agalaitīn (genitive singular)
agalaitīn (dative singular)
agalaitīn (instrumental singular)

Old High German: agaleizī

Middle High German: ageleize

From Proto-Germanic *agalaitį̄. Equivalent to *agalaitī (“impudent, importunate”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).


hlankijan

hlankijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hlankijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hlankijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hlankijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hlankiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hlankidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hlankisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hlankidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hlankidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hlankiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hlankidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hlankidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hlankijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hlankidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hlankiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hlankidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hlankijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hlankidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hlankijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hlankidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hlankijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hlankidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hlankijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hlankidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hlankijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hlankidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hlankijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hlankidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hlankijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hlankidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hlanki (class-1 present singular weak)
hlankiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hlankijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hlankid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *hlenċan

⇒ Old English: ġehlenċan

Old Saxon: *hlenken

Middle Low German: lenken

Old High German: *lenken

Middle High German: lenken

⇒ Old High German: irlenken

Middle High German: erlenken

⇒ Old High German: ūzlenken

From Proto-Germanic *hlankijaną. Equivalent to *hlank (“flexible, bent”) + *-jan.


sufl

sufl (nominative singular)
suflu (nominative plural)
sufl (accusative singular)
suflu (accusative plural)
soflas (genitive singular)
soflō (genitive plural)
suflē (dative singular)
suflum (dative plural)
suflu (instrumental singular)
suflum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: sufel, sufol
Middle English: sowel, soouwil, soowel, soowil, souel, souvil, souwil, sovel, sowvel, sowil, suwle, soule, sowayle, sowll, sowlle, sowylle, suvel
English: sowl (dialectal)

Old Frisian: sūval

Saterland Frisian: süfel

West Frisian: suvel

Old Saxon: sūval

Middle Low German: suvel, süvel

Old Dutch: *sūval

Middle Dutch: suvel, zuvel

Dutch: zuivel

Old High German: sūfil


suflijan

suflijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
suflijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
suflijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
suflijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
sufliju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
suflidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
suflisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
suflidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
suflidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sufliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
suflidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
suflidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
suflijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
suflidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sufliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
suflidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
suflijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
suflidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
suflijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
suflidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
suflijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
suflidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
suflijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
suflidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
suflijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
suflidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
suflijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
suflidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
suflijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
suflidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sufli (class-1 present singular weak)
sufliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
suflijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
suflid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: syflan

From Proto-Germanic *suflijaną. Equivalent to *sufl (“entremets, viands”) + *-jan.


laibijan

laibijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
laibijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
laibijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
laibijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
laibiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
laibidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
laibisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
laibidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
laibidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
laibiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
laibidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
laibidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
laibijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
laibidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
laibiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
laibidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
laibijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
laibidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
laibijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
laibidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
laibijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
laibidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
laibijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
laibidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
laibijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
laibidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
laibijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
laibidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
laibijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
laibidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
laibi (class-1 present singular weak)
laibiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
laibijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
laibid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: lǣfan
Middle English: leven, leaven, lefven
English: leave
Scots: leve, leif
Yola: laave, lea, lee

Old Frisian: lēva

Old Saxon: lēvian

Middle Low German: lêven

Old High German: leiben

Middle High German: leiben


bakō

bakō (nominative singular)
bakan (nominative plural)
bakan (accusative singular)
bakan (accusative plural)
bakini (genitive singular)
bakan (genitive singular)
bakanō (genitive plural)
bakini (dative singular)
bakan (dative singular)
bakum (dative plural)
bakini (instrumental singular)
bakan (instrumental singular)
bakum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: baco

Old Dutch: *baco
Middle Dutch: bāke
Dutch: baak

Old High German: bahho, bacho

Middle High German: bache

→ Medieval Latin: bacō, baccō [875 CE] (see there for further descendants)

→? Proto-Slavic: *bokъ (“side”) (see there for further descendants)

Perhaps from Proto-Germanic n-stem paradigm *bakô ~ *bukkaz, from pre-Proto-Germanic *bʰog-ō ~ *bʰug-nos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to arch”).


baukn

baukn (nominative singular)
bauknu (nominative plural)
baukn (accusative singular)
bauknu (accusative plural)
bauknas (genitive singular)
bauknō (genitive plural)
bauknē (dative singular)
bauknum (dative plural)
bauknu (instrumental singular)
bauknum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bēacn, bēacen, bīecen, bēcen, bēcon, bēcun — Anglian
Middle English: beken, beeken, beekne, bekene, bekne, bekyn, biken
English: beacon
Scots: beikin, bekin

Old Frisian: bāken, bēken

North Frisian: biike, baake, beken

Saterland Frisian: Baake, Boake

West Frisian: beaken

desc

→ Middle Dutch: baken, bakin, beke, beken

→ Swedish: (Bohuslän) båken

Dutch: baken, baak

q

→ Middle Low German: bāke (possibly, or from southern Eastphalian, which is a Low German dialect, see below)

Low German: Bāke

desc

→ Danish: baake, (spelling since 1948) båke

→ Danish: bakke

Norwegian: bakke

Swedish: backe

→ German: Bake

→ Norwegian: båk, båke

→ Swedish: (doublet of Old Norse descendant) bak, båk, båke

→ Old Norse: bákn, báken

Danish: bavn, bagn

Faroese: bákn

Icelandic: bákn

bak<q:doublet of Middle Low German borrow>

Swedish: (doublet of Middle Low German borrow) bak, båk, båke

Old Saxon: bōkan

q

Middle Low German: bâken, bâke (from southern Eastphalian, or a conflation of grammatical paradigms with the borrowing from Old Frisian, see above)

desc

Dutch Low Saxon: boake (“(Easter) fire sign”)

Old Dutch: *bōcan

Middle Dutch: bokin, boken, boekin, boeken, boekijn

Old High German: bouhhan, bouchan, pouhhan, pouchan

Middle High German: bouchen

Alemannic German: Pauchen, Böchen

Swabian: Bauchen

→ Old French: boue, buie

Middle French: bouee, boue

French: bouée

→ Catalan: boia

→ Middle Dutch: boye, boeye

Dutch: boei

→ Danish: bøje

→ Icelandic: bauja

→ Middle English: buoy, boye

English: buoy

→ German: Boje

→ Polish: boja

→ Galician: boia

→ Spanish: boya


bastijan

bastijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
bastijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
bastijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
bastijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
bastiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bastidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bastisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bastidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bastidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bastiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bastidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bastidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bastijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bastidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bastiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bastidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bastijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bastidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bastijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bastidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bastijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bastidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bastijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bastidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bastijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bastidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bastijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bastidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bastijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bastidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
basti (class-1 present singular weak)
bastiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
bastijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
bastid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Frisian: *besta

West Frisian: beste

Old Saxon: *bestian

Middle Low German: besten

Old Dutch: *besten

Middle Dutch: besten

Old High German: besten

Middle High German: besten

⇒ Middle High German: *besteln

German: basteln, besteln

→ Vulgar Latin: *bastīre (see there for further descendants)


bikkju

bikkju (nominative singular)
bikkjō (nominative plural)
bikkjā (accusative singular)
bikkjā (accusative plural)
bikkjā (genitive singular)
bikkjō (genitive plural)
bikkjē (dative singular)
bikkjōm (dative plural)
bikkjum (dative plural)
bikkju (instrumental singular)
bikkjōm (instrumental plural)
bikkjum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *bikke

Saterland Frisian: Bikke

Old Dutch: *bicca

Middle Dutch: bicke

Dutch: bik

Old High German: *bicka

Middle High German: bicke

→ Medieval Latin: besca, bessa, bescia, bechia [822 CE; Corbie, France]

desctree

Old French: besche, beche, besque, becche, beiche
Bourbonnais-Berrichon: biesse
Middle French: beche, besche
French: bêche
Norman: bêque, bêquie (Guernesiais), beque (Jersiais)
→ Middle English: becche, beche

Occitan: beissa

From *bikkjan (“to attack, hack”) + *-u.


bikkil

bikkil (nominative singular)
bikkilō (nominative plural)
bikkilōs (nominative plural)
bikkil (accusative singular)
bikkilā (accusative plural)
bikkilas (genitive singular)
bikkilō (genitive plural)
bikkilē (dative singular)
bikkilum (dative plural)
bikkilu (instrumental singular)
bikkilum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *bikkil

Middle Low German: bickel

Old Dutch: *bickil

Middle Dutch: bickel, pickel, peckel

Dutch: bikkel, biggel (dialectal)

Old High German: *bikkil, *bihhil

Middle High German: bickel

Cimbrian: biighel

desc

→ Old French: bille (“small ball, marble”)

Middle French: bille

French: bille

From *bikkjan (“to stab, hack”) + *-il (diminutive suffix).

af

a chip (of stone, bone), pebble, ossicle


bikkil

Old Saxon: *bikkil

Middle Low German: bickel

⇒ Old Saxon: *stēnbikkil

desc

Middle Low German: stēnbickel, steinbickel, stēnbikil, steinbikil

Old Dutch: *bickil

Middle Dutch: bickel, pickel, peckel

Dutch: bikkel, biggel (dialectal)

Old High German: *bikkil, *bihhil

Middle High German: bickel

→ Medieval Latin: billa

→ Old French: bille (see there for further descendants)

→ Spanish: billa

From *bikkjan (“to stab, hack”) + *-il (agent noun suffix).


beuʀ

beuʀ (nominative singular)
beuʀu (nominative plural)
beuʀ (accusative singular)
beuʀu (accusative plural)
beuʀas (genitive singular)
beuʀō (genitive plural)
beuʀē (dative singular)
beuʀum (dative plural)
beuʀu (instrumental singular)
beuʀum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: bēor
Middle English: bere, beere
English: beer (see there for further descendants)
Scots: bere, beir, beer

Old Frisian: biār

Saterland Frisian: Bjoor

West Frisian: bier

Old Saxon: bior

Middle Low German: bêr

Low German: Bier

German Low German: Beer, Bier

Mecklenburgisch: Bier

Plautdietsch: Bea

Old Dutch: bior, bier

Middle Dutch: bier
Dutch: bier (see there for further descendants)
Limburgish: beer
→ Middle French: biere
French: bière
→ Abenaki: labial (from "la bière")
→ Khmer: ប៊ីយេរ (biiyɛɛ)
→ Lao: ເບຍ (bīa)
→ Sango: bîêre
→ Vietnamese: bia

Old High German: bior, pior

Middle High German: bier

Alemannic German: Bier, Biär, Pier

Bavarian: Bia, Bäia

Cimbrian: bir

Mòcheno: piar

Central Franconian: Bier, Beer

Luxembourgish: Béier

East Central German:

Vilamovian: biyr

German: Bier (see there for further descendants)

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Bier

Yiddish: ביר (bir)


biwrīhan

biwrīhan (infinitive)
biwrīhannjas (genitive infinitive)
biwrīhannjē (dative infinitive)
biwrīhannju (infinitive instrumental)
biwrīhu (first-person present singular)
biwraih (first-person past singular)
biwrīhiʀi (present second-person singular)
biwrigī (past second-person singular)
biwrīhidi (present singular third-person)
biwraih (past singular third-person)
biwrīhum (first-person plural present)
biwrigum (first-person past plural)
biwrīhid (plural present second-person)
biwrigud (past plural second-person)
biwrīhand (plural present third-person)
biwrigun (past plural third-person)
biwrīhē (first-person present singular)
biwrigī (first-person past singular)
biwrīhēs (present second-person singular)
biwrīhē (present singular third-person)
biwrigī (past singular third-person)
biwrīhēm (first-person plural present)
biwrigīm (first-person past plural)
biwrīhēþ (plural present second-person)
biwrigīd (past plural second-person)
biwrīhēn (plural present third-person)
biwrigīn (past plural third-person)
biwrīh (present singular)
biwrīhid (plural present)
biwrīhandī (participle present)
biwrigan (participle past)

Old English: bewrēon

desc

Middle English: biwriȝen, bewriȝen, be-wreyen, bewrien

Old High German: birīhan

→ Late Latin: abrigō

Old French: abrier

Middle French: abrier

French: abrier

Norman: abriaïr, abriter

Old Occitan:

Occitan: abricar

Catalan: abrigar

Spanish: abrigar


bollā

bollā (nominative singular)
bollōn (nominative plural)
bollōn (accusative singular)
bollōn (accusative plural)
bollōn (genitive singular)
bollōnō (genitive plural)
bollōn (dative singular)
bollōm (dative plural)
bollum (dative plural)
bollōn (instrumental singular)
bollōm (instrumental plural)
bollum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: bolle
Middle English: bolle
Scots: boll, bol, bow
English: bowl
→ Middle French: bolle
French: bol
→ Greek: μπολ (bol)

Old Frisian: bolla m

Saterland Frisian: Boolje, Bol

West Frisian: bol

Old Saxon: *bolla; bollo m

Middle Low German: bolle, bole

German Low German: Boll, Bolle

⇒ Low German: Bolltje

→ Danish: bolsje

→ German: Bollchen

Old Dutch: *bollo

Middle Dutch: bolle m

Dutch: bol

Afrikaans: bol

Limburgish: ból

Old High German: bolla

Middle High German: bolle

Alemannic German: Bölle, Belle, Böle

German: Bolle

Luxembourgish: Boll; Bull (latter uncertain)

→ Vulgar Latin: *bolla (merger with Latin bulla)

Italo-Dalmatian

Italian: bolla

Oïl

Old French: bolle, bole

Middle French: boule

French: boule
→ English: boule

Norman: bolle, boule

→ Middle English: bowle, boule

English: bowl (“lawn bowl, ball”)

Picard Old French: *boule

⇒ Picard Old French: boulenc

→ Old French: bolengier, boulanger
Gallo: boulangier
Middle French: boulanger
French: boulanger
Norman: boulandgi (Jèrriais)
Walloon: boledjî

Old Occitan: bolla, bola

Occitan: bòla

Catalan: bolla, bola

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: bola
Fala: bola
Galician: bola
Portuguese: bola

→ Old Spanish:

Spanish: bola

Old Spanish:

Spanish: bolla


knīb

knīb (nominative singular)
knībō (nominative plural)
knībōs (nominative plural)
knīb (accusative singular)
knībā (accusative plural)
knības (genitive singular)
knībō (genitive plural)
knībē (dative singular)
knībum (dative plural)
knību (instrumental singular)
knībum (instrumental plural)

Old English: cnīf (possible reborrowing from Old Norse knífr or Middle Dutch cnīf, cnijf)
Middle English: knyf, knif
Scots: knyfe, knife
English: knife
Sranan Tongo: nefi
Yola: kunnife
→ French: canif

Old Frisian: *knīf

West Frisian: kniif, knyf, knyft

Old Saxon: *knīf

Middle Low German: knîf

German Low German: Knief

Low German: knief, kniiv, knif

Plautdietsch: Kjnief

Old Dutch: *cnīf

Middle Dutch: cnijf

Dutch: knijf (dialectal)

Old High German: *knīb (?)

Middle High German: knîp; knîf (latter West Central German)

German: Kneip (dialectal); Knifte

Luxembourgish: Knäip

→ Vulgar Latin: *cnīfus (see there for further descendants)


skamu

skamu (nominative singular)
skamō (nominative plural)
skamā (accusative singular)
skamā (accusative plural)
skamā (genitive singular)
skamō (genitive plural)
skamē (dative singular)
skamōm (dative plural)
skamum (dative plural)
skamu (instrumental singular)
skamōm (instrumental plural)
skamum (instrumental plural)

desc

Old English: sċamu, sċeamu, sċomu, sċeomu

Middle English: schame, schome

Scots: scham, schame

English: shame

Old Frisian: skame, scome, skome

Saterland Frisian: scame; (Skoomte)

(West Frisian: skamte)

Old Saxon: skama

Middle Low German: schame, scham

Low German: Schaam; (Schaamd)

desctree

Old Dutch: scama
Middle Dutch: schāme
Dutch: schaam (obsolete)

Old High German: scama

Middle High German: schame

German: Scham

Hunsrik: Schaam


broʀd

broʀd (nominative singular)
broʀdō (nominative plural)
broʀdōs (nominative plural)
broʀd (accusative singular)
broʀdā (accusative plural)
broʀdas (genitive singular)
broʀdō (genitive plural)
broʀdē (dative singular)
broʀdum (dative plural)
broʀdu (instrumental singular)
broʀdum (instrumental plural)

Old English: brord
Middle English: brodd (partly)
English: brod

Old Saxon: brord

Old High German: brort, prort

Middle High German: brort

German: Brort


broʀdōn

broʀdōn (infinitive)
broʀdōnijas (genitive infinitive)
broʀdōnijē (dative infinitive)
broʀdōniju (infinitive instrumental)
broʀdō (first-person present singular)
broʀdōdā (first-person past singular)
broʀdōs (present second-person singular)
broʀdōdēs (past second-person singular)
broʀdōdōs (past second-person singular)
broʀdōþ (present singular third-person)
broʀdōdē (past singular third-person)
broʀdōdā (past singular third-person)
broʀdōm (first-person plural present)
broʀdōdum (first-person past plural)
broʀdōþ (plural present second-person)
broʀdōdud (past plural second-person)
broʀdōnþ (plural present third-person)
broʀdōdun (past plural third-person)
broʀdōdī (first-person past singular)
broʀdōdī (past second-person singular)
broʀdō (present singular third-person)
broʀdōdī (past singular third-person)
broʀdōdīm (first-person past plural)
broʀdōdīd (past plural second-person)
broʀdōn (plural present third-person)
broʀdōdīn (past plural third-person)
broʀdō (present singular)
broʀdōþ (plural present)
broʀdōndī (participle present)
broʀdōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: brordōn

q

only as past participle <i class="Latn mention" lang="goh">gibrortot</i>

Old High German: brortōn (only as past participle gibrortot)

→ Old French: brosder, broder, broider

Middle French: broder

French: broder

→ Middle High German: brudieren

→ Old Occitan: broydar

Occitan: brodar

From Proto-Germanic *bruzdōną. Equivalent to *broʀd + *-ōn.


brōan

brōan (infinitive)
brōannjas (genitive infinitive)
brōannjē (dative infinitive)
brōannju (infinitive instrumental)
brōu (first-person present singular)
breō (first-person past singular)
brōiʀi (present second-person singular)
breōī (past second-person singular)
brōidi (present singular third-person)
breō (past singular third-person)
brōum (first-person plural present)
breōum (first-person past plural)
brōid (plural present second-person)
breōud (past plural second-person)
brōand (plural present third-person)
breōun (past plural third-person)
brōē (first-person present singular)
breōī (first-person past singular)
brōēs (present second-person singular)
brōē (present singular third-person)
breōī (past singular third-person)
brōēm (first-person plural present)
breōīm (first-person past plural)
brōēþ (plural present second-person)
breōīd (past plural second-person)
brōēn (plural present third-person)
breōīn (past plural third-person)
brō (present singular)
brōid (plural present)
brōandī (participle present)
brōan (participle past)

Old Frisian: *brōia

Saterland Frisian: broie

West Frisian: broeie

Old Saxon: *brōian

desc

Middle Low German: broien, brogen, brugen

German Low German: breihen, breuhen

Old Dutch: *bruoien

desctree

Middle Dutch: broeyen
Dutch: broeien
Afrikaans: broei
→ Old French: esbroer
French: ébrouer

Old High German: bruoen (in firbruoen)

Middle High German: brüejen, brüen

German: brühen

Luxembourgish: bréien

Yiddish: בריִען (brien)

→ Vulgar Latin: *brōīre

Old French: bruir (see there for further descendants)

Piedmontese: broé, brové


balkō

balkō (nominative singular)
balkan (nominative plural)
balkan (accusative singular)
balkan (accusative plural)
balkini (genitive singular)
balkan (genitive singular)
balkanō (genitive plural)
balkini (dative singular)
balkan (dative singular)
balkum (dative plural)
balkini (instrumental singular)
balkan (instrumental singular)
balkum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bælca, bealca

Old Frisian: balka

Saterland Frisian: Boolke

West Frisian: balke

Old Saxon: balko

Middle Low German: balke

Plautdietsch: Baulkjen

→ Estonian: palk

Old Dutch: *balco
Middle Dutch: balke
Dutch: balk
Afrikaans: balk
Negerhollands: balk
→ Caribbean Javanese: baleg, balok
→ Javanese: ꦧꦭꦺꦴꦏ꧀ (balok)
→ Indonesian: balok
→ Malay: balak
> Indonesian: balak (inherited)
→ Papiamentu: balki (from the diminutive)
→ Saramaccan: báíki
→ Sranan Tongo: barki, balk
→ Caribbean Hindustani: barki
Limburgish: balk

Old High German: balko, balcho, palcho, balco
Middle High German: balke
German: Balken
→ Kashubian: balka
→ Slovincian: balka
→ Old Polish: balka, balk
Polish: belka, bałk, belk, bełk, bełka (Middle Polish), balk, balka, bałek, bałka, belek (obsolete)
Silesian: bŏlka, balek, balk, belek, bŏlek

Lombardic: palk

→ Italian: palco

→ Medieval Latin: balcō [c. 1040, Goscelin] (see there for further descendants)


darōþu

darōþu (nominative singular)
darōþiwi (nominative plural)
darōþō (nominative plural)
darōþu (accusative singular)
darōþū (accusative plural)
darōþō (genitive singular)
darōþiwō (genitive plural)
darōþiwi (dative singular)
darōþō (dative singular)
darōþum (dative plural)
darōþu (instrumental singular)
darōþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: daroþ

Old Dutch: *daroth

Middle Dutch: dāert, dart

Dutch: daart

Old High German: tart

→ Medieval Latin: dardus [768 CE, France] (see there for further descendants)


dungijā

dungijā (nominative singular)
dungijōn (nominative plural)
dungijōn (accusative singular)
dungijōn (accusative plural)
dungijōn (genitive singular)
dungijōnō (genitive plural)
dungijōn (dative singular)
dungijōm (dative plural)
dungijum (dative plural)
dungijōn (instrumental singular)
dungijōm (instrumental plural)
dungijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: dynċġe, dinċġe, denġe
→ Latin: dingia (Anglo-Latin)

Old Dutch: *dunga

Middle Dutch: *donge, *donke

Dutch: donk (archaic)

⇒ Middle Dutch: santdonc

⇒ Old Dutch: Dungus

⇒ Old Dutch: Medmedug

From Proto-Germanic *dungijǭ (“earth mound, dunghill”). Equivalent to *dungu (“dung, dirt”) + *-jā.


faldistōl

faldistōl (nominative singular)
faldistōlō (nominative plural)
faldistōlōs (nominative plural)
faldistōl (accusative singular)
faldistōlā (accusative plural)
faldistōlas (genitive singular)
faldistōlō (genitive plural)
faldistōlē (dative singular)
faldistōlum (dative plural)
faldistōlu (instrumental singular)
faldistōlum (instrumental plural)

desc

Old English: fealdestōl, fieldstōl, fieldestōl, fyldestōl, fyldstōl

Old Saxon: faldistōl

Old Dutch: *faldistuol

Middle Dutch: voudestoel

Dutch: vouwstoel

Old High German: faldistuol, faltistuol

Middle High German: valtstuol

German: Faltstuhl, Feldstuhl

→ Medieval Latin: faldistōlium (see there for further descendants)

From *faldī (“folding”) or *faldi (“fold, crease”) + *stōl (“stool, chair”).


falkō

falkō (nominative singular)
falkan (nominative plural)
falkan (accusative singular)
falkan (accusative plural)
falkini (genitive singular)
falkan (genitive singular)
falkanō (genitive plural)
falkini (dative singular)
falkan (dative singular)
falkum (dative plural)
falkini (instrumental singular)
falkan (instrumental singular)
falkum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: *fealca, *falca
Middle English: falk (in placenames and personal names); fylkere
Scots: falk, fauk, faik; facky, feckie

Old Frisian: *falka

Saterland Frisian: Falke

West Frisian: falk

Old Saxon: falko

Middle Low German: falke, valke

Low German:

German Low German: Falk

Westphalian:

Westmünsterländisch: Falke

Plautdietsch: Faulkj

→ Old Norse: falki (possibly, alternatively from root) (see there for further descendants)

Old Dutch: *falco
Middle Dutch: valke
Dutch: valk

Old High German: falco, falko, falcho, falc
Middle High German: valke
German: Falke, Falk
Hunsrik: Fallek
Luxembourgish: Fallek

→ Late Latin: falcō (possibly) (see there for further descendants)


flōdu

flōdu (nominative singular)
flōdiwi (nominative plural)
flōdō (nominative plural)
flōdu (accusative singular)
flōdū (accusative plural)
flōdō (genitive singular)
flōdiwō (genitive plural)
flōdiwi (dative singular)
flōdō (dative singular)
flōdum (dative plural)
flōdu (instrumental singular)
flōdum (instrumental plural)

Old English: flōd n or m, ᚠᛚᚩᛞᚢ (flódu) — Runic
Middle English: flod, flood, floode, flode, flowt, fflood, fflode, vlode
English: flood
Scots: fluid, flude
→ Anglo-Latin: flōdus [13th c.] (England)

Old Frisian: flōd n

North Frisian: floth

Saterland Frisian: Floud f

West Frisian: floed m or f

Old Saxon: flōd m or f, fluod
Middle Low German: vlōt, vloet
German Low German: Flood

Old Dutch: fluod f

Middle Dutch: vloet m or f
Dutch: vloed c
Afrikaans: vloed
Berbice Creole Dutch: flutu
Javindo: floed
Limburgish: vlood

Old High German: fluot m

Middle High German: vluot m or f

Cimbrian: fluut m

German: Flut f

→ Vulgar Latin: *flōtus (see there for further descendants)


haifsti

haifsti (nominative singular)
haifstī (nominative plural)
haifsti (accusative singular)
haifstī (accusative plural)
haifstī (genitive singular)
haifstijō (genitive plural)
haifstī (dative singular)
haifstim (dative plural)
haifstijum (dative plural)
haifstī (instrumental singular)
haifstim (instrumental plural)
haifstijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hǣst, hǣste, hēst
Middle English: heste (hapax)

Old Frisian: hāst

Saterland Frisian: Hoast

West Frisian: haest; haeste

Old Saxon: heist

Middle Low German: heist

Old Dutch: *hēst

Old High German: heist, heisti, *heifti

Middle High German: heifte

→ Old French: haste (see there for further descendants)


halōn

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

halōn (infinitive)
halōnijas (genitive infinitive)
halōnijē (dative infinitive)
halōniju (infinitive instrumental)
halō (first-person present singular)
halōdā (first-person past singular)
halōs (present second-person singular)
halōdēs (past second-person singular)
halōdōs (past second-person singular)
halōþ (present singular third-person)
halōdē (past singular third-person)
halōdā (past singular third-person)
halōm (first-person plural present)
halōdum (first-person past plural)
halōþ (plural present second-person)
halōdud (past plural second-person)
halōnþ (plural present third-person)
halōdun (past plural third-person)
halōdī (first-person past singular)
halōdī (past second-person singular)
halō (present singular third-person)
halōdī (past singular third-person)
halōdīm (first-person past plural)
halōdīd (past plural second-person)
halōn (plural present third-person)
halōdīn (past plural third-person)
halō (present singular)
halōþ (plural present)
halōndī (participle present)
halōd (participle past)

Old English: *halian

Middle English: halien, halen (with influence from Dutch or French verb)

Scots: hale, hail, haill

English: hale, haul

Old Frisian: halia

desc

Saterland Frisian: hoalje, haalje (Skäddel, Strukelje)

West Frisian: helje

Old Saxon: halōn, haloian

Middle Low German: hālen

Low German: halen

→ Old Norse: hala

Icelandic: hala

Faroese: hála

Norwegian Nynorsk: hala

Old Swedish: hala

Swedish: hala

Danish: hale

Old Dutch: *halon

Middle Dutch: hālen

Dutch: halen

Afrikaans: haal

Limburgish: haole

Old High German: halōn

Middle High German: haln

→ Old French: haler

Middle French: haler

French: haler

→ Galician: halar

→ Spanish: halar

Norman: haler (Jèrriais)

q

→ Middle English: haulen, halen (partially from Old English *halian, ġeholian)

English: haul

From Proto-Germanic *halōną, *halāną (“to fetch”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, cry, summon”).


harmēn

harmēn (infinitive)
harmēnijas (genitive infinitive)
harmēnijē (dative infinitive)
harmēniju (infinitive instrumental)
harmē (first-person present singular)
harm?dā (first-person past singular)
harmēs (present second-person singular)
harm?dēs (past second-person singular)
harmēþ (present singular third-person)
harm?dē (past singular third-person)
harm?dā (past singular third-person)
harmēm (first-person plural present)
harm?dum (first-person past plural)
harmēþ (plural present second-person)
harm?dud (past plural second-person)
harmēnþ (plural present third-person)
harm?dun (past plural third-person)
harm?dī (first-person past singular)
harm?dī (past second-person singular)
harmē (present singular third-person)
harm?dī (past singular third-person)
harm?dīm (first-person past plural)
harm?dīd (past plural second-person)
harmēn (plural present third-person)
harm?dīn (past plural third-person)
harmē (present singular)
harmēþ (plural present)
harmēndī (participle present)
harm?d (participle past)

Old English: hearmian

Middle English: harmen

English: harm

Scots: hairm

Old High German: harmēn

Middle High German: harmen

→ Old French: hargnier (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Germanic *harmāną. Equivalent to *harm (“painful”) + *-ēn or *harm (“pain, harm”) + *-ēn.


hattjan

hattjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hattjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hattjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hattjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hattju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hattā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hatisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hattēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hattōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hatiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hattē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hattā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hattjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hattum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hatiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hattud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hattjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hattun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hattjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hattī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hattjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hattī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hattjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hattī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hattjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hattīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hattjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hattīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hattjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hattīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hati (class-1 present singular weak)
hatiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hattjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hatt (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: hettan

Old Saxon: hettian

Old High German: hezzen

Middle High German: hetzen

German: hetzen

Luxembourgish: hetzen

Vilamovian: heca

desctree

→ Old French: hair, hadir, haḍir, haïr
Middle French: haïr
French: haïr
Norman: haï


haunijan

haunijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
haunijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
haunijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
haunijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hauniju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
haunidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
haunisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
haunidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
haunidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hauniþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
haunidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
haunidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
haunijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
haunidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hauniþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
haunidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
haunijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
haunidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
haunijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
haunidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
haunijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
haunidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
haunijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
haunidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
haunijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
haunidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
haunijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
haunidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
haunijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
haunidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hauni (class-1 present singular weak)
hauniþ (class-1 plural present weak)
haunijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
haunid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: hīenan

Middle English: henen

English: hean

Old Frisian: hēna

West Frisian: huynjen

Old Saxon: hōnian
Middle Low German: hônen, hönen
German Low German: höhnen

Old Dutch: *hōnen
Middle Dutch: hônen
Dutch: honen
Afrikaans: hoon

Old High German: *hōnen

Middle High German: hōnen

German: höhnen

→ Vulgar Latin: *haunīre (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Germanic *haunijaną. Equivalent to *haunī (“humiliated, despicable”) + *-jan.


hauniþu

hauniþu (nominative singular)
hauniþō (nominative plural)
hauniþā (accusative singular)
hauniþā (accusative plural)
hauniþā (genitive singular)
hauniþō (genitive plural)
hauniþē (dative singular)
hauniþōm (dative plural)
hauniþum (dative plural)
hauniþu (instrumental singular)
hauniþōm (instrumental plural)
hauniþum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: hīenþu, hȳnþ, hȳnþu, hēnþo
Middle English: henthe, hinth

Old Frisian: hānethe

Old Saxon: hōnitha

Middle Low German: honede

Old Dutch: hōnitha

Middle Dutch: hôonde, hôonte

Dutch: hoonte

Old High German: hōnida

→ Medieval Latin: haunta
Old French: honte (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Germanic *hauniþō. Equivalent to *haunī (“humiliated”) + *-iþu (abstract noun suffix).


hauwā

hauwā (nominative singular)
hauwōn (nominative plural)
hauwōn (accusative singular)
hauwōn (accusative plural)
hauwōn (genitive singular)
hauwōnō (genitive plural)
hauwōn (dative singular)
hauwōm (dative plural)
hauwum (dative plural)
hauwōn (instrumental singular)
hauwōm (instrumental plural)
hauwum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: hauwa

desctree

Old Dutch: *houwa
Middle Dutch: houwe
Dutch: houw (dialectal)

Old High German: houwa

Middle High German: houwe

Cimbrian: hau

German: Haue

→ Old French: hoe, hou, howe, hewe, owe (Anglo-Norman), haue (Anglo-Norman, Picard), houe
Middle French: houe
French: houe
Norman: hoe, haoue (Guernésiais)
Picard: hau (Ch'ti)
Walloon: awe, hawe
→ Middle English: howe, houwe
English: hoe
Yola: howe


hnapp

hnapp (nominative singular)
hnappō (nominative plural)
hnappōs (nominative plural)
hnapp (accusative singular)
hnappā (accusative plural)
hnappas (genitive singular)
hnappō (genitive plural)
hnappē (dative singular)
hnappum (dative plural)
hnappu (instrumental singular)
hnappum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hnæpp, hnæpf, hnæp
Middle English: nappe, neppe, nap, nep
English: nap
Scots: napp, nap

Old Frisian: *nepp, *nep

Saterland Frisian: Näp

West Frisian: nappe

Old Saxon: *hnapp, hnap

Middle Low German: nap

German Low German: Napp

Old Dutch: *napp, *nap

Middle Dutch: nappe, nap

Dutch: nap

Old High German: napf, naph

Middle High German: napf, naph

German: Napf

→ Medieval Latin: hanappus (see there for further descendants)


hosā

hosā (nominative singular)
hosōn (nominative plural)
hosōn (accusative singular)
hosōn (accusative plural)
hosōn (genitive singular)
hosōnō (genitive plural)
hosōn (dative singular)
hosōm (dative plural)
hosum (dative plural)
hosōn (instrumental singular)
hosōm (instrumental plural)
hosum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hose, hosa, hosu
Middle English: hose, hoyse, hosa, hoose (all rare)
English: hose
Scots: hose, hoe

Old Frisian: *hose

Saterland Frisian: Hoose

West Frisian: hoas

Old Saxon: hosa

Middle Low German: hōse, hāse

German Low German: Hose, Hoos

Old Dutch: *hosa

Middle Dutch: hōse

Dutch: hoos

Afrikaans: hoos

Old High German: hosa

Middle High German: hose

Cimbrian: hóoza

German: Hose

Luxembourgish: Hues

Yiddish: הויזן (hoyzn)

→ Late Latin: hosae (see there for further descendants)


hraigrō

hraigrō (nominative singular)
hraigran (nominative plural)
hraigran (accusative singular)
hraigran (accusative plural)
hraigrini (genitive singular)
hraigran (genitive singular)
hraigranō (genitive plural)
hraigrini (dative singular)
hraigran (dative singular)
hraigrum (dative plural)
hraigrini (instrumental singular)
hraigran (instrumental singular)
hraigrum (instrumental plural)
*haigrō (alternative)

Old English: hrāgra

desc

⇒? Old English: *sċitehrāgra, *sċitehrāga

Middle English: schiterow

Yola: shederow

Old Frisian: *hrāgra, *hrēgra

Saterland Frisian: Reger

West Frisian: reager

Old Saxon: *hrēgar; hēgiro

Middle Low German: rêger, reiger

German Low German: Reiger

desctree

Old Dutch: heigero, *reigaro, *rēgaro
Middle Dutch: heiger, reiger, rêger
Dutch: reiger
Afrikaans: reier
Limburgish: reiger

Old High German: heigaro, reigaro, reigar
Middle High German: heiger, reiger
German: Reiher
→ Saterland Frisian: Raier
Luxembourgish: Räer
→ Italian: airone (partially from Old French)

→ Medieval Latin: hairō (see there for further descendants)


hrainisōn

hrainisōn (infinitive)
hrainisōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hrainisōnijē (dative infinitive)
hrainisōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hrainisō (first-person present singular)
hrainisōdā (first-person past singular)
hrainisōs (present second-person singular)
hrainisōdēs (past second-person singular)
hrainisōdōs (past second-person singular)
hrainisōþ (present singular third-person)
hrainisōdē (past singular third-person)
hrainisōdā (past singular third-person)
hrainisōm (first-person plural present)
hrainisōdum (first-person past plural)
hrainisōþ (plural present second-person)
hrainisōdud (past plural second-person)
hrainisōnþ (plural present third-person)
hrainisōdun (past plural third-person)
hrainisōdī (first-person past singular)
hrainisōdī (past second-person singular)
hrainisō (present singular third-person)
hrainisōdī (past singular third-person)
hrainisōdīm (first-person past plural)
hrainisōdīd (past plural second-person)
hrainisōn (plural present third-person)
hrainisōdīn (past plural third-person)
hrainisō (present singular)
hrainisōþ (plural present)
hrainisōndī (participle present)
hrainisōd (participle past)

Old High German: reinisōn

→ Old French: rincer (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Germanic *hrainisōną. Equivalent to *hrainī + *-isōn.


hrainī

hrainī (masculine nominative singular)
hrainiju (feminine nominative singular)
hrainī (neuter nominative singular)
hrainijanā (accusative masculine singular)
hrainijā (accusative feminine singular)
hrainī (accusative neuter singular)
hrainijas (genitive masculine singular)
hrainijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
hrainijas (genitive neuter singular)
hrainijumē (dative masculine singular)
hrainijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
hrainijumē (dative neuter singular)
hrainiju (instrumental masculine singular)
hrainijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
hrainiju (instrumental neuter singular)
hrainijē (masculine nominative plural)
hrainijō (feminine nominative plural)
hrainiju (neuter nominative plural)
hrainijā (accusative masculine plural)
hrainijā (accusative feminine plural)
hrainiju (accusative neuter plural)
hrainijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
hrainijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
hrainijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
hrainijēm (dative masculine plural)
hrainijum (dative masculine plural)
hrainijēm (dative feminine plural)
hrainijum (dative feminine plural)
hrainijēm (dative neuter plural)
hrainijum (dative neuter plural)
hrainijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
hrainijum (instrumental masculine plural)
hrainijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
hrainijum (feminine instrumental plural)
hrainijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
hrainijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Saxon: hrēni

Middle Low German: rein

Low German: rein, ren

Old Dutch: reini
Middle Dutch: reine
Dutch: rein
Afrikaans: rein
Negerhollands: rein
Limburgish: rein

Old High German: reini

Middle High German: reine

German: rein

Yiddish: ריין (reyn)

From Proto-Germanic *hrainiz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


skandu

skandu (nominative singular)
skandō (nominative plural)
skandā (accusative singular)
skandā (accusative plural)
skandā (genitive singular)
skandō (genitive plural)
skandē (dative singular)
skandōm (dative plural)
skandum (dative plural)
skandu (instrumental singular)
skandōm (instrumental plural)
skandum (instrumental plural)

desc

Old English: sċand, sċeand, sċeond, sċond; sċendle

Middle English: schande, schonde; (schandle)

English: shand, shond

Old Frisian: skande, skonde

Saterland Frisian: Skounde

West Frisian: skande

Old Saxon: *skanda

Middle Low German: schande

German Low German: Schande, Schanne, Schann

→ Danish: skand (in compounds: e.g. skandskrift)

Old Dutch: *scanda

Middle Dutch: schande

Dutch: schande

Afrikaans: skande

Old High German: skanta, scanta, scanda

Middle High German: schande

German: Schande

→ Yiddish: שאַנדע (shande)

→ English: shanda, shonda

Luxembourgish: Schan

Yiddish: שאַנד (shand)


skandijan

skandijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
skandijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
skandijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
skandijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
skandiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skandidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skandisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skandidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skandidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skandiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skandidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skandidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skandijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skandidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skandiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skandidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skandijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skandidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skandijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skandidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skandijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skandidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skandijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skandidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skandijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skandidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skandijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skandidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skandijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skandidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skandi (class-1 present singular weak)
skandiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
skandijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
skandid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: sċendan
Middle English: schenden
Scots: schend, schent
English: shend

Old Frisian: skanda, skenda

Saterland Frisian: skeende

West Frisian: skeine

Old Saxon: *skendian

Middle Low German: schenden

German Low German: schänden, schännen

→ Norwegian: skjenne

→ Old Swedish: skænda

Swedish: skända

→ Old Danish: skændæ

Danish: skænde

Old Dutch: *skenden

Middle Dutch: schenden
Dutch: schenden
Afrikaans: skend
Limburgish: sjènje

Old High German: *skenten (imp. sg. skende)

Middle High German: schenden

Central Franconian: schänge

German: schänden

Luxembourgish: schännen

⇒ Alemannic German: geschende

From *skandu (“shame, a disgrace”) + *-jan.


wīsijan

wīsijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
wīsijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
wīsijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
wīsijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
wīsiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wīsidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wīsisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wīsidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wīsidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wīsiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wīsidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wīsidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wīsijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wīsidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wīsiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wīsidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wīsijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wīsidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wīsijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wīsidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wīsijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wīsidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wīsijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wīsidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wīsijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wīsidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wīsijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wīsidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wīsijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wīsidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wīsi (class-1 present singular weak)
wīsiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
wīsijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
wīsid (class-1 participle past weak)

(Old English: wīsian)

(Middle English: wisen)

(Scots: wise, wyse, wyze)

(Middle English: wise)

Old Frisian: wīsa

North Frisian: wise (Föhr)

Saterland Frisian: wiese

West Frisian: wize

Old Saxon: wīsian

Middle Low German: wîsen

German Low German: wiesen

Old Dutch: wīsen

Middle Dutch: wisen

Dutch: wijzen

Afrikaans: wys

Old High German: wīsen

Middle High German: wīsen

German: weisen

Luxembourgish: weisen

Yiddish: ווײַזן (vayzn)

to make wise, knowing; to show, instruct


hrapōn

hrapōn (infinitive)
hrapōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hrapōnijē (dative infinitive)
hrapōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hrapō (first-person present singular)
hrapōdā (first-person past singular)
hrapōs (present second-person singular)
hrapōdēs (past second-person singular)
hrapōdōs (past second-person singular)
hrapōþ (present singular third-person)
hrapōdē (past singular third-person)
hrapōdā (past singular third-person)
hrapōm (first-person plural present)
hrapōdum (first-person past plural)
hrapōþ (plural present second-person)
hrapōdud (past plural second-person)
hrapōnþ (plural present third-person)
hrapōdun (past plural third-person)
hrapōdī (first-person past singular)
hrapōdī (past second-person singular)
hrapō (present singular third-person)
hrapōdī (past singular third-person)
hrapōdīm (first-person past plural)
hrapōdīd (past plural second-person)
hrapōn (plural present third-person)
hrapōdīn (past plural third-person)
hrapō (present singular)
hrapōþ (plural present)
hrapōndī (participle present)
hrapōd (participle past)

Old English: *hrapian, hrepian

Middle English: rapen, rappen, repen

English: rape, rap, repe

Old Frisian: *hrapia

Saterland Frisian: rappe

West Frisian: raepje

Old Saxon: *hrapon, hrappōn
Middle Low German: rapen, *rappen
Low German: rapen, rappen

Old Dutch: *rapon

Middle Dutch: rāpen

Dutch: rapen

Old High German: *hraffōn, *raffōn
Middle High German: raffen
German: raffen
Luxembourgish: rafen
→ Vulgar Latin: *raffō
Galician: rafar
Italian: arraffare
→ Old French: raffer, rafer
Middle English: *raffen
→ English: raff

→ Vulgar Latin: *frappō (see there for further descendants)


hraspōn

hraspōn (infinitive)
hraspōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hraspōnijē (dative infinitive)
hraspōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hraspō (first-person present singular)
hraspōdā (first-person past singular)
hraspōs (present second-person singular)
hraspōdēs (past second-person singular)
hraspōdōs (past second-person singular)
hraspōþ (present singular third-person)
hraspōdē (past singular third-person)
hraspōdā (past singular third-person)
hraspōm (first-person plural present)
hraspōdum (first-person past plural)
hraspōþ (plural present second-person)
hraspōdud (past plural second-person)
hraspōnþ (plural present third-person)
hraspōdun (past plural third-person)
hraspōdī (first-person past singular)
hraspōdī (past second-person singular)
hraspō (present singular third-person)
hraspōdī (past singular third-person)
hraspōdīm (first-person past plural)
hraspōdīd (past plural second-person)
hraspōn (plural present third-person)
hraspōdīn (past plural third-person)
hraspō (present singular)
hraspōþ (plural present)
hraspōndī (participle present)
hraspōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *hraspōn

⇒ Middle Low German: raspelen

German Low German: raspeln

Old High German: raspōn

Middle High German: raspen

German: raspen (obsolete)

⇒ German: raspeln

→ Vulgar Latin: *raspāre (see there for further descendants)


hrātu

hrātu (nominative singular)
hrātō (nominative plural)
hrātā (accusative singular)
hrātā (accusative plural)
hrātā (genitive singular)
hrātō (genitive plural)
hrātē (dative singular)
hrātōm (dative plural)
hrātum (dative plural)
hrātu (instrumental singular)
hrātōm (instrumental plural)
hrātum (instrumental plural)

Old Dutch: rāta
Middle Dutch: râte
Dutch: raat

Old High German: rāza

Middle High German: rāz, rāze

German: Roß (obsolete)

Luxembourgish: Ros

→ Vulgar Latin: *hrata

Old French: ree, raie (dated abt. 1130)

desc

Middle French: rayon, royon (“shelf, compartment, honeycomb”)

French: rayon

Late Latin: frata (dated 8th-century)

Unknown; possibly from Proto-Germanic *hrētō, from a metathesized form of Proto-Indo-European *ker-d- (“to twist, weave”), suffixed form of *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). Cognate with Albanian krodhë (“beehive”). Compare also Proto-Germanic *hrōtą (“roof”) and Proto-Slavic *korda (“pile of logs”).


hrōk

hrōk (nominative singular)
hrōkō (nominative plural)
hrōkōs (nominative plural)
hrōk (accusative singular)
hrōkā (accusative plural)
hrōkas (genitive singular)
hrōkō (genitive plural)
hrōkē (dative singular)
hrōkum (dative plural)
hrōku (instrumental singular)
hrōkum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hrōc

Middle English: roc, roke, rook

Scots: ruke, ruik

English: rook

Old Frisian:

Saterland Frisian: Rouk

West Frisian: roek

Old Saxon: hrōk

Middle Low German: rôk, rôke

German Low German: Rook

Low German: rok

Old Dutch: *ruok

Middle Dutch: roec

Dutch: roek

Old High German: hruoh, ruoh; hruoho, ruoho

Middle High German: ruoch

German: Ruch

→ Vulgar Latin: *frocum (see there for further descendants)

Corvus frugilegus
Corvus frugilegus#English


hulis

hulis (nominative singular)
hulisō (nominative plural)
hulisōs (nominative plural)
hulis (accusative singular)
hulisā (accusative plural)
hulisas (genitive singular)
hulisō (genitive plural)
hulisē (dative singular)
hulisum (dative plural)
hulisu (instrumental singular)
hulisum (instrumental plural)

desctree

⇒ Old English: (unknown stem variant) holen, holeġn, holiġn, holiġ
Middle English: holyn, holin, holy, holly
English: holly, hollen
Scots: holin, hollin, holyn
Middle English: holme, holm
English: holm

Old Saxon: hulis

Middle Low German: hüls

German Low German: Hüls m

Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Hülse

Sauerländisch: Hulse, Hulle, Hülse, Huse

Old Dutch: *hulis

Middle Dutch: huls, hulst f

Dutch: hulst

→ West Frisian: hulst; hulsebeam

desc

Old High German: hulis, huls, hulisa, huliso; hulisboum

Middle High German: huls

German: Hülse f, Hulst, Holst, Hülsen, Hulse, Hulsenbaum, Hulsenstrauch, Hülst, Holch, Hulsch, Hülsenstrauch, Hülsenbaum, Hülsekraut, Hubze

desctree

→ Old French: hous, hus, huche, houche, huse, houce, houlx
Middle French: hous, houx, houlx
French: houx
Norman: housse (Jèrriais)
Picard: hoûx (Athois), oûch
Walloon: hoû (Charleroi), hoûssê (Forrières), hoûs

Unknown; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂- (“to sting, prick”), or perhaps borrowed from some substrate language. Compare Old English holen (“holly”), Old Norse hulfr (“holly”), Proto-Celtic *kolinos (“holly tree”) (whence Old Irish cuilenn, Welsh celyn).


hāring

hāring (nominative singular)
hāringō (nominative plural)
hāringōs (nominative plural)
hāring (accusative singular)
hāringā (accusative plural)
hāringas (genitive singular)
hāringō (genitive plural)
hāringē (dative singular)
hāringum (dative plural)
hāringu (instrumental singular)
hāringum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: hǣring
Middle English: hering, hereng, heiring, herring, hæring, haring (Early Middle English)
English: herring
Scots: hering, herring, herrin, haring
Yola: hereen, heereen

Old Frisian: hēreng
Saterland Frisian: Hiering, Häiring
West Frisian: hjerring

Old Saxon: *hāring

Middle Low German: hârink, hering

German Low German:

Westphalian:

East Westphalian (Lippisch): Hering

South Westphalian (Dortmundisch), Westmünsterländisch: Hääring

Westmünsterländisch: Heering

Old Dutch: *hāring

Middle Dutch: hârinc, hêrinc
Dutch: haring
Afrikaans: haring
Negerhollands: heriṅ
→ Caribbean Hindustani: eleng
→ Papiamentu: hering
Limburgish: hieëring

Old High German: hārinc, herinc

Middle High German: hærinc, hērinc

Central Franconian: Herrek (Ripuarian)

German: Hering (see there for further descendants)

Hunsrik: Hering

Luxembourgish: Hierk

Yiddish: הערינג (hering)

Bavarian: Haring

→ Late Latin: haringus (see there for further descendants)

Unknown; possibly from *hār (“hair”) + *-ing, named for its hair-like bones, compare Ancient Greek τριχίας (trikhías), τριχίς (trikhís, “type of anchovy”), from θρίξ (thríx, “hair”).


swaipijan

swaipijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
swaipijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
swaipijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
swaipijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
swaipiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
swaipidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
swaipisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
swaipidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swaipidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swaipiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
swaipidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swaipidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swaipijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
swaipidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
swaipiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
swaipidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
swaipijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
swaipidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
swaipijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
swaipidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
swaipijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
swaipidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swaipijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
swaipidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swaipijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
swaipidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
swaipijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
swaipidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
swaipijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
swaipidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
swaipi (class-1 present singular weak)
swaipiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
swaipijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
swaipid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *swǣpan, *swēpan

Middle English: swēpen, sweepe, swepe
English: sweep
Scots: sweep

Old High German: sweifen

Middle High German: sweifen

German: schweifen


waibijan

waibijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
waibijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
waibijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
waibijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
waibiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
waibidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
waibisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
waibidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
waibidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
waibiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
waibidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
waibidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
waibijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
waibidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
waibiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
waibidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
waibijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
waibidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
waibijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
waibidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
waibijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
waibidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
waibijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
waibidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
waibijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
waibidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
waibijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
waibidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
waibijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
waibidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
waibi (class-1 present singular weak)
waibiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
waibijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
waibid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: wǣfan

Middle English: wēven

English: weave (“to wander”)

Old Dutch: *weiven

Middle Dutch: weiven

Dutch: wuiven (with dialectal rounding)
Afrikaans: wuif, wuiwe

⇒ Dutch: weifelen
Afrikaans: weifel

q

e-conjugation attested in <i class="Latn mention" lang="goh">ziweiben</i>

Old High German: weibōn, *weiben (e-conjugation attested in ziweiben)

Middle High German: weiben

⇒ Middle High German: weibeln

Alemannic German: weible

German: weibeln (now only Swiss)


īs

īs (nominative singular)
īsu (nominative plural)
īs (accusative singular)
īsu (accusative plural)
īsas (genitive singular)
īsō (genitive plural)
īsē (dative singular)
īsum (dative plural)
īsu (instrumental singular)
īsum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: īs, ys, ᛁᛋ (is) — Near Fakenham plaque
Middle English: is, ise, yes, yce, yys, ys, ijs, yse, ysz, hyse, hyys, ice, isse, ysse, yis
English: ice (see there for further descendants)
Scots: ice

Old Frisian: īs

North Frisian: Iis, Is, is

Saterland Frisian: Ies

West Frisian: iis

Old Saxon: īs
Middle Low German: îs
Low German: Ies
German Low German: Ies
Plautdietsch: Iess

Old Dutch: *īs

Middle Dutch: ijs
Dutch: ijs
Afrikaans: ys
Petjo: es
→ Caribbean Javanese: ès
→ Indonesian: es
→ Papiamentu: eis
→ Sranan Tongo: èisi, hèisi
→ Aukan: eisi
→ Saramaccan: eísí
Limburgish: ies

Old High German: īs
Middle High German: īs
Alemannic German: Iis, Is, Isch
Alsatian: Iis; Eis (northern)
Italian Walser: isch, éisch
Bavarian: ais
Cimbrian: ais
Mòcheno: ais
Central Franconian: Eis, Ies
Hunsrik: Eis
Luxembourgish: Äis
Transylvanian Saxon: Ais
German: Eis
Rhine Franconian:
Frankfurt: [ais]
Pennsylvania German: Eis
Vilamovian: ajs
Yiddish: אײַז (ayz)


brastōn

brastōn (infinitive)
brastōnijas (genitive infinitive)
brastōnijē (dative infinitive)
brastōniju (infinitive instrumental)
brastō (first-person present singular)
brastōdā (first-person past singular)
brastōs (present second-person singular)
brastōdēs (past second-person singular)
brastōdōs (past second-person singular)
brastōþ (present singular third-person)
brastōdē (past singular third-person)
brastōdā (past singular third-person)
brastōm (first-person plural present)
brastōdum (first-person past plural)
brastōþ (plural present second-person)
brastōdud (past plural second-person)
brastōnþ (plural present third-person)
brastōdun (past plural third-person)
brastōdī (first-person past singular)
brastōdī (past second-person singular)
brastō (present singular third-person)
brastōdī (past singular third-person)
brastōdīm (first-person past plural)
brastōdīd (past plural second-person)
brastōn (plural present third-person)
brastōdīn (past plural third-person)
brastō (present singular)
brastōþ (plural present)
brastōndī (participle present)
brastōd (participle past)

gl

>? Old Saxon: *brastōn, *braskōn, *bratsōn (alteration through dissimilation or metathesis)

desc

Middle Low German: brāschen, brēschen, bratzen, brassen

German Low German: brassen

→ German: prassen

Old High German: brastōn

Middle High German: brasten

German: brasten


gnīdan

gnīdan (infinitive)
gnīdannjas (genitive infinitive)
gnīdannjē (dative infinitive)
gnīdannju (infinitive instrumental)
gnīdu (first-person present singular)
gnaid (first-person past singular)
gnīdiʀi (present second-person singular)
gnidī (past second-person singular)
gnīdidi (present singular third-person)
gnaid (past singular third-person)
gnīdum (first-person plural present)
gnidum (first-person past plural)
gnīdid (plural present second-person)
gnidud (past plural second-person)
gnīdand (plural present third-person)
gnidun (past plural third-person)
gnīdē (first-person present singular)
gnidī (first-person past singular)
gnīdēs (present second-person singular)
gnīdē (present singular third-person)
gnidī (past singular third-person)
gnīdēm (first-person plural present)
gnidīm (first-person past plural)
gnīdēþ (plural present second-person)
gnidīd (past plural second-person)
gnīdēn (plural present third-person)
gnidīn (past plural third-person)
gnīd (present singular)
gnīdid (plural present)
gnīdandī (participle present)
gnidan (participle past)

desctree

Old English: gnīdan
Middle English: gniden, gnyde

Old Saxon: *gnīdan

Middle Low German: gnīden

Old High German: gnītan

Middle High German: gnīten


kwissi

kwissi (nominative singular)
kwissī (nominative plural)
kwissi (accusative singular)
kwissī (accusative plural)
kwissī (genitive singular)
kwissijō (genitive plural)
kwissī (dative singular)
kwissim (dative plural)
kwissijum (dative plural)
kwissī (instrumental singular)
kwissim (instrumental plural)
kwissijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *cwiss

Middle English: quiste

⇒ Middle English: biqueste

English: bequest

⇒ Old English: andcwiss


andawurdī

andawurdī (nominative singular)
andawurdiju (nominative plural)
andawurdī (accusative singular)
andawurdiju (accusative plural)
andawurdijas (genitive singular)
andawurdijō (genitive plural)
andawurdijē (dative singular)
andawurdijum (dative plural)
andawurdiju (instrumental singular)
andawurdijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: andwyrde

desc

Old Frisian: ondwarde, antwerde, ontwert, ondert, onder

Saterland Frisian: Oantwoud

West Frisian: andwird, antwurd, antwird, andert

Old Saxon: andwurdi, andwordi

Middle Low German: antworde, antwōrde, antword

German Low German: Antwoord

Plautdietsch: Auntwuat

Old Dutch: *antwurdi, andwarde

Middle Dutch: antworde, antwoorde, antwerde

desctree

Dutch: antwoord
Afrikaans: antwoord
Negerhollands: antwoord, anturt
→ Sranan Tongo: antwortu
→ Caribbean Javanese: antwor

Limburgish: antjwaord, antjwaordj

Old High German: antwurti, antwurtī

Middle High German: antwürte

German: Antwort

Luxembourgish: Äntwert

Yiddish: ענטפֿער (entfer)


andawurdijan

andawurdijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
andawurdijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
andawurdijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
andawurdijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
andawurdiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
andawurdidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
andawurdisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
andawurdidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
andawurdidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
andawurdiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
andawurdidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
andawurdidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
andawurdijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
andawurdidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
andawurdiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
andawurdidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
andawurdijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
andawurdidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
andawurdijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
andawurdidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
andawurdijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
andawurdidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
andawurdijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
andawurdidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
andawurdijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
andawurdidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
andawurdijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
andawurdidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
andawurdijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
andawurdidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
andawurdi (class-1 present singular weak)
andawurdiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
andawurdijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
andawurdid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: andwirdan, andwyrdan; andweardian (< andiwerdōn)

Middle English: andwurden

Old Frisian: *antwerda, *antwerdia (< andiwerdōn?)

Saterland Frisian: oantwoudje

West Frisian: antwurdzje

desc

Old Saxon: andwurdian, andwordian, andwordan

Middle Low German: antwurden, antworden

Plautdietsch: antwuaten

→ Polabian: antvardĕt

desctree

Old Dutch: antworden
Middle Dutch: antworden
Dutch: antwoorden
Limburgish: antjwäörje

Old High German: antwurten

Middle High German: antwurten

Cimbrian: aanbórtan

German: antworten

Luxembourgish: äntweren

Yiddish: ענטפֿערן (entfern)

From Proto-Germanic *andawurdijaną. Equivalent to *anda- + *wurdijan.


andaswaru

andaswaru (nominative singular)
andaswarō (nominative plural)
andaswarā (accusative singular)
andaswarā (accusative plural)
andaswarā (genitive singular)
andaswarō (genitive plural)
andaswarē (dative singular)
andaswarōm (dative plural)
andaswarum (dative plural)
andaswaru (instrumental singular)
andaswarōm (instrumental plural)
andaswarum (instrumental plural)

Old English: andswaru, andsware

desc

Middle English: andsware, answere, answar, answer

Scots: answere, answer

English: answer

Old Frisian: ondswer, ondsere, ondser

Old Saxon: andswar, andswōr, antswōr

From Proto-Germanic *andaswarō. Equivalent to *anda- + *swaru.


þegnōn

þegnōn (infinitive)
þegnōnijas (genitive infinitive)
þegnōnijē (dative infinitive)
þegnōniju (infinitive instrumental)
þegnō (first-person present singular)
þegnōdā (first-person past singular)
þegnōs (present second-person singular)
þegnōdēs (past second-person singular)
þegnōdōs (past second-person singular)
þegnōþ (present singular third-person)
þegnōdē (past singular third-person)
þegnōdā (past singular third-person)
þegnōm (first-person plural present)
þegnōdum (first-person past plural)
þegnōþ (plural present second-person)
þegnōdud (past plural second-person)
þegnōnþ (plural present third-person)
þegnōdun (past plural third-person)
þegnōdī (first-person past singular)
þegnōdī (past second-person singular)
þegnō (present singular third-person)
þegnōdī (past singular third-person)
þegnōdīm (first-person past plural)
þegnōdīd (past plural second-person)
þegnōn (plural present third-person)
þegnōdīn (past plural third-person)
þegnō (present singular)
þegnōþ (plural present)
þegnōndī (participle present)
þegnōd (participle past)

Old English: þeġnian

Middle English: theinen

Old High German: dëganōn

Middle High German: dëgenen

From *þegn (“retainer, servant”) + *-ōn.


andijalaus

andijalaus (masculine nominative singular)
andijalausu (feminine nominative singular)
andijalaus (neuter nominative singular)
andijalausanā (accusative masculine singular)
andijalausā (accusative feminine singular)
andijalaus (accusative neuter singular)
andijalausas (genitive masculine singular)
andijalauseʀā (feminine genitive singular)
andijalausas (genitive neuter singular)
andijalausumē (dative masculine singular)
andijalauseʀē (dative feminine singular)
andijalausumē (dative neuter singular)
andijalausu (instrumental masculine singular)
andijalauseʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
andijalausu (instrumental neuter singular)
andijalausē (masculine nominative plural)
andijalausō (feminine nominative plural)
andijalausu (neuter nominative plural)
andijalausā (accusative masculine plural)
andijalausā (accusative feminine plural)
andijalausu (accusative neuter plural)
andijalauseʀō (genitive masculine plural)
andijalauseʀō (feminine genitive plural)
andijalauseʀō (genitive neuter plural)
andijalausēm (dative masculine plural)
andijalausum (dative masculine plural)
andijalausēm (dative feminine plural)
andijalausum (dative feminine plural)
andijalausēm (dative neuter plural)
andijalausum (dative neuter plural)
andijalausēm (instrumental masculine plural)
andijalausum (instrumental masculine plural)
andijalausēm (feminine instrumental plural)
andijalausum (feminine instrumental plural)
andijalausēm (instrumental neuter plural)
andijalausum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: endelēas

Middle English: endeles

Scots: endles, endless

English: endless

Old Frisian: *endelās

Saterland Frisian: eendloos

West Frisian: einleas

Old Saxon: endilōs

Middle Low German: endelôs, ēndelôs

German Low German: endlos

Old Dutch: *endilōs

Middle Dutch: endelôos

Dutch: eindeloos

Afrikaans: eindeloos

Old High German: endilōs

Middle High German: endelos

German: endlos

From Proto-Germanic *andijalausaz. Equivalent to *andī + *-laus.


opanōn

opanōn (infinitive)
opanōnijas (genitive infinitive)
opanōnijē (dative infinitive)
opanōniju (infinitive instrumental)
opanō (first-person present singular)
opanōdā (first-person past singular)
opanōs (present second-person singular)
opanōdēs (past second-person singular)
opanōdōs (past second-person singular)
opanōþ (present singular third-person)
opanōdē (past singular third-person)
opanōdā (past singular third-person)
opanōm (first-person plural present)
opanōdum (first-person past plural)
opanōþ (plural present second-person)
opanōdud (past plural second-person)
opanōnþ (plural present third-person)
opanōdun (past plural third-person)
opanōdī (first-person past singular)
opanōdī (past second-person singular)
opanō (present singular third-person)
opanōdī (past singular third-person)
opanōdīm (first-person past plural)
opanōdīd (past plural second-person)
opanōn (plural present third-person)
opanōdīn (past plural third-person)
opanō (present singular)
opanōþ (plural present)
opanōndī (participle present)
opanōd (participle past)
*upinōn (alternative)

Old English: openian

Middle English: openen

English: open

Scots: apen

Old Frisian: epenia

Saterland Frisian: epenje, eepenje

West Frisian: iepenje

Old Saxon: opanōn

Middle Low German: ȫpenen, ōpenen, āpenen, ōpenen, öppenen, uppenen

desctree

Old Dutch: opanon
Middle Dutch: ōpenen
Dutch: openen
Afrikaans: open
Negerhollands: open, hopo
Limburgish: aope

Old High German: offanōn

Middle High German: offenen

German: öffnen

Yiddish: עפֿענען (efenen)

From Proto-Germanic *upanōną. Equivalent to *opan (“open”) + *-ōn.


arwīt

arwīt (nominative singular)
arwīti (nominative plural)
arwītu (accusative singular)
arwīti (accusative plural)
arwīti (genitive singular)
arwītō (genitive plural)
arwīti (dative singular)
arwītum (dative plural)
arwīti (instrumental singular)
arwītum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *erit

Saterland Frisian: Aate

West Frisian: eart

Old Saxon: erit, eriwit

desc

Middle Low German: erwete, erwitte, arwete, erwte, erfte, arfte, arvete, ērte

German Low German: Arvte, Arvt

Old Dutch: *erwit, *erewit

Middle Dutch: erwete

desctree

Dutch: erwt
Afrikaans: ertjie
→ Xhosa: i-ertyisi
→ Indonesian: ercis
→ Papiamentu: ert (dated)
→ Sranan Tongo: erki

Old High German: arawīz, araweiz, arawez, areweiz, arewez, arewiz, arewurz, ariwez, arwiz, arwuz, erewiz, erit, erivit, eriwiz, erwez, erwiz, harviz, hereviz
Middle High German: erweiz, erbeiz, arwīs, arwīz, areweiz
Bavarian: Arbaiß
Cimbrian: érbasa
Central Franconian: Ääz, Eerz (Ripuarian), Arwes, Erwes, Erbes, Erres (Moselle Franconian)
Luxembourgish: Ierbes
German: Erbse
Yiddish: אַרבעס (arbes)

From Proto-Germanic *arwīts. Doublet of *erbā (“vetch”).


audag

audag (masculine nominative singular)
audagu (feminine nominative singular)
audag (neuter nominative singular)
audaganā (accusative masculine singular)
audagā (accusative feminine singular)
audag (accusative neuter singular)
audagas (genitive masculine singular)
audageʀā (feminine genitive singular)
audagas (genitive neuter singular)
audagumē (dative masculine singular)
audageʀē (dative feminine singular)
audagumē (dative neuter singular)
audagu (instrumental masculine singular)
audageʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
audagu (instrumental neuter singular)
audagē (masculine nominative plural)
audagō (feminine nominative plural)
audagu (neuter nominative plural)
audagā (accusative masculine plural)
audagā (accusative feminine plural)
audagu (accusative neuter plural)
audageʀō (genitive masculine plural)
audageʀō (feminine genitive plural)
audageʀō (genitive neuter plural)
audagēm (dative masculine plural)
audagum (dative masculine plural)
audagēm (dative feminine plural)
audagum (dative feminine plural)
audagēm (dative neuter plural)
audagum (dative neuter plural)
audagēm (instrumental masculine plural)
audagum (instrumental masculine plural)
audagēm (feminine instrumental plural)
audagum (feminine instrumental plural)
audagēm (instrumental neuter plural)
audagum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: ēadiġ, ēadeġ

Old Saxon: ōdag

Old High German: ōtag

From Proto-Germanic *audagaz. Equivalent to *aud + *-g.


habīg

habīg (masculine nominative singular)
habīgu (feminine nominative singular)
habīg (neuter nominative singular)
habīganā (accusative masculine singular)
habīgā (accusative feminine singular)
habīg (accusative neuter singular)
habīgas (genitive masculine singular)
habīgeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
habīgas (genitive neuter singular)
habīgumē (dative masculine singular)
habīgeʀē (dative feminine singular)
habīgumē (dative neuter singular)
habīgu (instrumental masculine singular)
habīgeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
habīgu (instrumental neuter singular)
habīgē (masculine nominative plural)
habīgō (feminine nominative plural)
habīgu (neuter nominative plural)
habīgā (accusative masculine plural)
habīgā (accusative feminine plural)
habīgu (accusative neuter plural)
habīgeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
habīgeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
habīgeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
habīgēm (dative masculine plural)
habīgum (dative masculine plural)
habīgēm (dative feminine plural)
habīgum (dative feminine plural)
habīgēm (dative neuter plural)
habīgum (dative neuter plural)
habīgēm (instrumental masculine plural)
habīgum (instrumental masculine plural)
habīgēm (feminine instrumental plural)
habīgum (feminine instrumental plural)
habīgēm (instrumental neuter plural)
habīgum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: hefiġ, hæfiġ, hefeġ
Middle English: heviȝ, hevy
English: heavy
Sranan Tongo: hebi
Scots: hivie, hevy, havy

Old Frisian: *hefich

Saterland Frisian: heeuwich, häwich

West Frisian: hevich

Old Saxon: heƀig, hevig

Middle Low German: hēvich

German Low German: hevig

Old Dutch: hevig

Middle Dutch: hēvich

Dutch: hevig

Afrikaans: hewig

Old High German: hebīg, *hefīg, *hevīg

Middle High German: hevec, *hebig

Cimbrian: hévig

German: hebig


gabīg

gabīg (masculine nominative singular)
gabīgu (feminine nominative singular)
gabīg (neuter nominative singular)
gabīganā (accusative masculine singular)
gabīgā (accusative feminine singular)
gabīg (accusative neuter singular)
gabīgas (genitive masculine singular)
gabīgeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
gabīgas (genitive neuter singular)
gabīgumē (dative masculine singular)
gabīgeʀē (dative feminine singular)
gabīgumē (dative neuter singular)
gabīgu (instrumental masculine singular)
gabīgeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
gabīgu (instrumental neuter singular)
gabīgē (masculine nominative plural)
gabīgō (feminine nominative plural)
gabīgu (neuter nominative plural)
gabīgā (accusative masculine plural)
gabīgā (accusative feminine plural)
gabīgu (accusative neuter plural)
gabīgeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
gabīgeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
gabīgeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
gabīgēm (dative masculine plural)
gabīgum (dative masculine plural)
gabīgēm (dative feminine plural)
gabīgum (dative feminine plural)
gabīgēm (dative neuter plural)
gabīgum (dative neuter plural)
gabīgēm (instrumental masculine plural)
gabīgum (instrumental masculine plural)
gabīgēm (feminine instrumental plural)
gabīgum (feminine instrumental plural)
gabīgēm (instrumental neuter plural)
gabīgum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: ġiefiġ

Old High German: kepic


mōdag

mōdag (masculine nominative singular)
mōdagu (feminine nominative singular)
mōdag (neuter nominative singular)
mōdaganā (accusative masculine singular)
mōdagā (accusative feminine singular)
mōdag (accusative neuter singular)
mōdagas (genitive masculine singular)
mōdageʀā (feminine genitive singular)
mōdagas (genitive neuter singular)
mōdagumē (dative masculine singular)
mōdageʀē (dative feminine singular)
mōdagumē (dative neuter singular)
mōdagu (instrumental masculine singular)
mōdageʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
mōdagu (instrumental neuter singular)
mōdagē (masculine nominative plural)
mōdagō (feminine nominative plural)
mōdagu (neuter nominative plural)
mōdagā (accusative masculine plural)
mōdagā (accusative feminine plural)
mōdagu (accusative neuter plural)
mōdageʀō (genitive masculine plural)
mōdageʀō (feminine genitive plural)
mōdageʀō (genitive neuter plural)
mōdagēm (dative masculine plural)
mōdagum (dative masculine plural)
mōdagēm (dative feminine plural)
mōdagum (dative feminine plural)
mōdagēm (dative neuter plural)
mōdagum (dative neuter plural)
mōdagēm (instrumental masculine plural)
mōdagum (instrumental masculine plural)
mōdagēm (feminine instrumental plural)
mōdagum (feminine instrumental plural)
mōdagēm (instrumental neuter plural)
mōdagum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: mōdiġ, modi
Middle English: modi, mody
English: moody

Old Frisian: *mōdich

West Frisian: moedich

Old Saxon: mōdag

Old Dutch: *muodag

Middle Dutch: moedich

Dutch: moedig

Afrikaans: moedig

Old High German: muotag, muotig

Middle High German: muotic

German: mutig

Hunsrik: mutich

⇒ Old High German: einmuotig

Middle High German: einmüetec

German: einmütig

From Proto-Germanic *mōdagaz. Equivalent to *mōd + *-g.


alljas

Old English: elles

Middle English: else

English: else

Old Frisian: elles, ellis

Old Dutch: elles

Middle Dutch: els

Old High German: elles, alles

From Proto-Germanic *aljas, an adverbial genitive from *aljaz (“other”).


alljar

Old English: ellor

Old Saxon: ellior

Old Dutch: *ellar

Middle Dutch: eller, elre, eldre

Dutch: elders

Afrikaans: elders


mahtīg

mahtīg (masculine nominative singular)
mahtīgu (feminine nominative singular)
mahtīg (neuter nominative singular)
mahtīganā (accusative masculine singular)
mahtīgā (accusative feminine singular)
mahtīg (accusative neuter singular)
mahtīgas (genitive masculine singular)
mahtīgeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
mahtīgas (genitive neuter singular)
mahtīgumē (dative masculine singular)
mahtīgeʀē (dative feminine singular)
mahtīgumē (dative neuter singular)
mahtīgu (instrumental masculine singular)
mahtīgeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
mahtīgu (instrumental neuter singular)
mahtīgē (masculine nominative plural)
mahtīgō (feminine nominative plural)
mahtīgu (neuter nominative plural)
mahtīgā (accusative masculine plural)
mahtīgā (accusative feminine plural)
mahtīgu (accusative neuter plural)
mahtīgeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
mahtīgeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
mahtīgeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
mahtīgēm (dative masculine plural)
mahtīgum (dative masculine plural)
mahtīgēm (dative feminine plural)
mahtīgum (dative feminine plural)
mahtīgēm (dative neuter plural)
mahtīgum (dative neuter plural)
mahtīgēm (instrumental masculine plural)
mahtīgum (instrumental masculine plural)
mahtīgēm (feminine instrumental plural)
mahtīgum (feminine instrumental plural)
mahtīgēm (instrumental neuter plural)
mahtīgum (instrumental neuter plural)

desc

Old English: mæhtiġ, meahtiġ, mehtiġ, mihtiġ

Middle English: maȝty, miȝty, myghty, mighti

Scots: michty, mychty

English: mighty

Old Frisian: machtich, mechtich

Saterland Frisian: machtich

West Frisian: machtich

Old Saxon: mahtig

Middle Low German: mechtich

German Low German: machtig

→ Old Norse: mektugr

Danish: mægtig

Swedish: mäktig

Norwegian: mektig

Old Dutch: mahtig

Middle Dutch: machtech

Dutch: machtig

Afrikaans: magtig

Limburgish: mechtig

Old High German: mahtīg, mahtīc

Middle High German: mechtic

German: mächtig

From Proto-Germanic *mahtīgaz. Equivalent to *mahti + *-g.


sidīg

sidīg (masculine nominative singular)
sidīgu (feminine nominative singular)
sidīg (neuter nominative singular)
sidīganā (accusative masculine singular)
sidīgā (accusative feminine singular)
sidīg (accusative neuter singular)
sidīgas (genitive masculine singular)
sidīgeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
sidīgas (genitive neuter singular)
sidīgumē (dative masculine singular)
sidīgeʀē (dative feminine singular)
sidīgumē (dative neuter singular)
sidīgu (instrumental masculine singular)
sidīgeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
sidīgu (instrumental neuter singular)
sidīgē (masculine nominative plural)
sidīgō (feminine nominative plural)
sidīgu (neuter nominative plural)
sidīgā (accusative masculine plural)
sidīgā (accusative feminine plural)
sidīgu (accusative neuter plural)
sidīgeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
sidīgeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
sidīgeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
sidīgēm (dative masculine plural)
sidīgum (dative masculine plural)
sidīgēm (dative feminine plural)
sidīgum (dative feminine plural)
sidīgēm (dative neuter plural)
sidīgum (dative neuter plural)
sidīgēm (instrumental masculine plural)
sidīgum (instrumental masculine plural)
sidīgēm (feminine instrumental plural)
sidīgum (feminine instrumental plural)
sidīgēm (instrumental neuter plural)
sidīgum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Saxon: *sidig

Middle Low German: sēdich

Old Dutch: *sidig

Middle Dutch: sēdich

Dutch: zedig

Afrikaans: sedig

Old High German: sitīg

Middle High German: sitic

German: sittig

From Proto-Germanic *sidugaz. Equivalent to *sidu + *-g.


liþu

liþu (nominative singular)
liþiwi (nominative plural)
liþō (nominative plural)
liþu (accusative singular)
liþū (accusative plural)
liþō (genitive singular)
liþiwō (genitive plural)
liþiwi (dative singular)
liþō (dative singular)
liþum (dative plural)
liþu (instrumental singular)
liþum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: liþ
Middle English: lyth, lith, lythe, lithe, lyþ, liþ, liþe, liþthe, liyþe, litht, leth, lethe
English: lith
Scots: lith

Old Frisian: lith, leth

North Frisian: leth, lath, lass

Saterland Frisian: Lid

West Frisian: lid

Old Saxon: lith

Middle Low German: lit

⇒ Middle Low German: gelit

Old Dutch: *lith

Middle Dutch: lit, let

Dutch: lid
Afrikaans: lid
→ Indonesian: lid
Negerhollands: lid, leden, leeden

Old High German: lid
Middle High German: lit
Alemannic German: Lid
German: Lied

⇒ Old High German: gilid

Middle High German: gelit, glit

German: Glied

Luxembourgish: Glidd


felþu

felþu (nominative singular)
filþiwi (nominative plural)
felþō (nominative plural)
felþu (accusative singular)
felþū (accusative plural)
felþō (genitive singular)
filþiwō (genitive plural)
filþiwi (dative singular)
felþō (dative singular)
felþum (dative plural)
felþu (instrumental singular)
felþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: feld
Middle English: feld, feeld
English: field
Scots: fielth, felth, feilth, feld, feild

Old Frisian: feld n

North Frisian: fjild

Saterland Frisian: Fäild

West Frisian: fjild

Old Saxon: feld n

Middle Low German: velt

German Low German: Feld

Low German: Feld

Plautdietsch: Felt

→ Danish: felt

→ Icelandic: felt

→ Norwegian: felt

→ Swedish: fält

Old Dutch: felt, feld, ueld
Middle Dutch: velt
Dutch: veld
Afrikaans: veld
→ English: veld
Negerhollands: veld
→ Caribbean Javanese: fèlt

Old High German: feld n

Middle High German: vëlt

Alemannic German: Fald

Swabian: Fäld

Bavarian: Fejd

Cimbrian:

Mòcheno: vèlt

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Feld

Luxembourgish: Feld

East Central German:

Upper Saxon German:

Vilamovian: fald

East Franconian:

German: Feld

Rhine Franconian: Fald, Feld, Fell

Frankfurterisch: [fɛlt]

Yiddish: פֿעלד (feld)


weþru

weþru (nominative singular)
wiþriwi (nominative plural)
weþrō (nominative plural)
weþru (accusative singular)
weþrū (accusative plural)
weþrō (genitive singular)
wiþriwō (genitive plural)
wiþriwi (dative singular)
weþrō (dative singular)
weþrum (dative plural)
weþru (instrumental singular)
weþrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: weþer

Middle English: wether, wethir, wedyr

English: wether, wedder (dialectal)

Scots: weddir, woddir, wadder

Old Frisian: *wether

Saterland Frisian: Weeder, Weer

West Frisian: wear

Old Saxon: wethar, withar

Middle Low German: weder, wedder

German Low German: Weer

Old Dutch: wither

Middle Dutch: wēder, weer

Dutch: weder, weer

Old High German: widar

Middle High German: wider

German: Widder

Luxembourgish: Widder

Yiddish: ווידער (vider)


walþu

walþu (nominative singular)
walþiwi (nominative plural)
walþō (nominative plural)
walþu (accusative singular)
walþū (accusative plural)
walþō (genitive singular)
walþiwō (genitive plural)
walþiwi (dative singular)
walþō (dative singular)
walþum (dative plural)
walþu (instrumental singular)
walþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: weald, wald
Middle English: wold, wald, walde, weld, welde, wolde, woolde, wæld (Early Middle English)
English: wold, weald, wald
Scots: wald

Old Frisian: wald

Saterland Frisian: Woold

West Frisian: wâld

Old Saxon: wald
Middle Low German: wôlt, wôld
Dutch Low Saxon: woold, woud
German Low German: Woolt, Woold, Wold
Plautdietsch: Woolt

Old Dutch: walt
Middle Dutch: wout
Dutch: woud
Afrikaans: woud
Limburgish: waadj

Old High German: wald
Middle High German: walt
Alemannic German: Wald
Swabian: Wald
Bavarian: Woid, Woold
Cimbrian: balt
Mòcheno: bòlt
Central Franconian: Wald (widely obsolete)
Hunsrik: Wald
Luxembourgish: Wal
German: Wald
Rhine Franconian: Wald, Wall
Frankfurterisch: [valt]
Yiddish: וואַלד (vald)

→ Old French: gaut (“forest, woods”)

⇒ Old French: gaudine

→ Piedmontese: vaoda, vaode

→ Galician: Galdo (place name, from Gualdo)


wlaitōn

wlaitōn (infinitive)
wlaitōnijas (genitive infinitive)
wlaitōnijē (dative infinitive)
wlaitōniju (infinitive instrumental)
wlaitō (first-person present singular)
wlaitōdā (first-person past singular)
wlaitōs (present second-person singular)
wlaitōdēs (past second-person singular)
wlaitōdōs (past second-person singular)
wlaitōþ (present singular third-person)
wlaitōdē (past singular third-person)
wlaitōdā (past singular third-person)
wlaitōm (first-person plural present)
wlaitōdum (first-person past plural)
wlaitōþ (plural present second-person)
wlaitōdud (past plural second-person)
wlaitōnþ (plural present third-person)
wlaitōdun (past plural third-person)
wlaitōdī (first-person past singular)
wlaitōdī (past second-person singular)
wlaitō (present singular third-person)
wlaitōdī (past singular third-person)
wlaitōdīm (first-person past plural)
wlaitōdīd (past plural second-person)
wlaitōn (plural present third-person)
wlaitōdīn (past plural third-person)
wlaitō (present singular)
wlaitōþ (plural present)
wlaitōndī (participle present)
wlaitōd (participle past)

Old English: wlātian

Middle English: wlaten, laiten

English: lait

Scots: wlate


þuli

þuli (nominative singular)
þulī (nominative plural)
þuli (accusative singular)
þulī (accusative plural)
þulī (genitive singular)
þulljō (genitive plural)
þulī (dative singular)
þulim (dative plural)
þulljum (dative plural)
þulī (instrumental singular)
þulim (instrumental plural)
þulljum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þyle

→ English: thyle (learned)


þuldi

þuldi (nominative singular)
þuldī (nominative plural)
þuldi (accusative singular)
þuldī (accusative plural)
þuldī (genitive singular)
þuldijō (genitive plural)
þuldī (dative singular)
þuldim (dative plural)
þuldijum (dative plural)
þuldī (instrumental singular)
þuldim (instrumental plural)
þuldijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þyld

Middle English: þild, thild

Old Saxon: thuld

Middle Low German: dult

Old High German: dult

Middle High German: dult

German: Dult

the ability to bear; endurance; patience


gaþuldi

gaþuldi (nominative singular)
gaþuldī (nominative plural)
gaþuldi (accusative singular)
gaþuldī (accusative plural)
gaþuldī (genitive singular)
gaþuldijō (genitive plural)
gaþuldī (dative singular)
gaþuldim (dative plural)
gaþuldijum (dative plural)
gaþuldī (instrumental singular)
gaþuldim (instrumental plural)
gaþuldijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġeþyld

Old Saxon: githuld

Middle Low German: *gedult

German Low German: Geduld

Old Dutch: githult
Middle Dutch: gedult, gedout
Dutch: geduld
Afrikaans: geduld
Negerhollands: geduld, gedyld

desc

Old High German: githult, kidult, gedult

Old High German: gedult

German: Geduld


þuldijan

þuldijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
þuldijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
þuldijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
þuldijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
þuldiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
þuldidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
þuldisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
þuldidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þuldidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þuldiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
þuldidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þuldidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þuldijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
þuldidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
þuldiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
þuldidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
þuldijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
þuldidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
þuldijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
þuldidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
þuldijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
þuldidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þuldijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
þuldidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þuldijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
þuldidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
þuldijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
þuldidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
þuldijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
þuldidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
þuldi (class-1 present singular weak)
þuldiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
þuldijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
þuldid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *þyldian, *þyldgian

⇒ Old English: geþyldian, geþyldgian

Middle English: þilgen

Old Frisian: thelda, thielda

Old Saxon: *thulden

Middle Low German: dulden

Old High German: dulten

Middle High German: dulten, dulden, dolden

German: dulden

→ Middle Dutch: dulden

Dutch: dulden

From *þuldi (“tolerance, patience, endurance”) + *-jan.


balþī

balþī (nominative singular)
balþīn (accusative singular)
balþīn (genitive singular)
balþīn (dative singular)
balþīn (instrumental singular)

desc

Old English: bieldu, bieldo, byldu, beldo, bældo

Middle English: bēld, bēlde

desctree

Old High German: baldī, beldī
Middle High German: belde
(German: in Bälde)

From Proto-Germanic *balþį̄. Equivalent to *balþ (“bold”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).


þrimman

þrimman (infinitive)
þrimmannjas (genitive infinitive)
þrimmannjē (dative infinitive)
þrimmannju (infinitive instrumental)
þrimmu (first-person present singular)
þramm (first-person past singular)
þrimmiʀi (present second-person singular)
þrummī (past second-person singular)
þrimmidi (present singular third-person)
þramm (past singular third-person)
þrimmum (first-person plural present)
þrummum (first-person past plural)
þrimmid (plural present second-person)
þrummud (past plural second-person)
þrimmand (plural present third-person)
þrummun (past plural third-person)
þrimmē (first-person present singular)
þrummī (first-person past singular)
þrimmēs (present second-person singular)
þrimmē (present singular third-person)
þrummī (past singular third-person)
þrimmēm (first-person plural present)
þrummīm (first-person past plural)
þrimmēþ (plural present second-person)
þrummīd (past plural second-person)
þrimmēn (plural present third-person)
þrummīn (past plural third-person)
þrimm (present singular)
þrimmid (plural present)
þrimmandī (participle present)
þrumman (participle past)

Old Saxon: thrimman


swīman

swīman (infinitive)
swīmannjas (genitive infinitive)
swīmannjē (dative infinitive)
swīmannju (infinitive instrumental)
swīmu (first-person present singular)
swaim (first-person past singular)
swīmiʀi (present second-person singular)
swimī (past second-person singular)
swīmidi (present singular third-person)
swaim (past singular third-person)
swīmum (first-person plural present)
swimum (first-person past plural)
swīmid (plural present second-person)
swimud (past plural second-person)
swīmand (plural present third-person)
swimun (past plural third-person)
swīmē (first-person present singular)
swimī (first-person past singular)
swīmēs (present second-person singular)
swīmē (present singular third-person)
swimī (past singular third-person)
swīmēm (first-person plural present)
swimīm (first-person past plural)
swīmēþ (plural present second-person)
swimīd (past plural second-person)
swīmēn (plural present third-person)
swimīn (past plural third-person)
swīm (present singular)
swīmid (plural present)
swīmandī (participle present)
swiman (participle past)

Old Frisian: *swīma

West Frisian: swime, swymje

⇒ Old Frisian: biswīma

Old Saxon: *swīman

Middle Low German: swīmen

Old Dutch: *swīman

Middle Dutch: swimen

Dutch: zwijmen

Old High German: *swīman

Middle High German: swīmen


mār

mār (masculine nominative singular)
māru (feminine nominative singular)
mār (neuter nominative singular)
māranā (accusative masculine singular)
mārā (accusative feminine singular)
mār (accusative neuter singular)
māras (genitive masculine singular)
māreʀā (feminine genitive singular)
māras (genitive neuter singular)
mārumē (dative masculine singular)
māreʀē (dative feminine singular)
mārumē (dative neuter singular)
māru (instrumental masculine singular)
māreʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
māru (instrumental neuter singular)
mārē (masculine nominative plural)
mārō (feminine nominative plural)
māru (neuter nominative plural)
mārā (accusative masculine plural)
mārā (accusative feminine plural)
māru (accusative neuter plural)
māreʀō (genitive masculine plural)
māreʀō (feminine genitive plural)
māreʀō (genitive neuter plural)
mārēm (dative masculine plural)
mārum (dative masculine plural)
mārēm (dative feminine plural)
mārum (dative feminine plural)
mārēm (dative neuter plural)
mārum (dative neuter plural)
mārēm (instrumental masculine plural)
mārum (instrumental masculine plural)
mārēm (feminine instrumental plural)
mārum (feminine instrumental plural)
mārēm (instrumental neuter plural)
mārum (instrumental neuter plural)

Not directly attested in any daughter languages. Instead, see *mārī.