raudēn

raudēn (infinitive)
raudēnijas (genitive infinitive)
raudēnijē (dative infinitive)
raudēniju (infinitive instrumental)
raudē (first-person present singular)
raud?dā (first-person past singular)
raudēs (present second-person singular)
raud?dēs (past second-person singular)
raudēþ (present singular third-person)
raud?dē (past singular third-person)
raud?dā (past singular third-person)
raudēm (first-person plural present)
raud?dum (first-person past plural)
raudēþ (plural present second-person)
raud?dud (past plural second-person)
raudēnþ (plural present third-person)
raud?dun (past plural third-person)
raud?dī (first-person past singular)
raud?dī (past second-person singular)
raudē (present singular third-person)
raud?dī (past singular third-person)
raud?dīm (first-person past plural)
raud?dīd (past plural second-person)
raudēn (plural present third-person)
raud?dīn (past plural third-person)
raudē (present singular)
raudēþ (plural present)
raudēndī (participle present)
raud?d (participle past)

Old English: rēadian, rēodian

q

Middle English: reden (conflated with the descendant of *raudijan)

Old Frisian: rêdia

Old Dutch: *rōdon

Middle Dutch: rôden (conflated with the descendant of *raudijan)

Dutch: roden

Old High German: rōtēn

Middle High German: rōten


kwikwēn

kwikwēn (infinitive)
kwikwēnijas (genitive infinitive)
kwikwēnijē (dative infinitive)
kwikwēniju (infinitive instrumental)
kwikwē (first-person present singular)
kwikw?dā (first-person past singular)
kwikwēs (present second-person singular)
kwikw?dēs (past second-person singular)
kwikwēþ (present singular third-person)
kwikw?dē (past singular third-person)
kwikw?dā (past singular third-person)
kwikwēm (first-person plural present)
kwikw?dum (first-person past plural)
kwikwēþ (plural present second-person)
kwikw?dud (past plural second-person)
kwikwēnþ (plural present third-person)
kwikw?dun (past plural third-person)
kwikw?dī (first-person past singular)
kwikw?dī (past second-person singular)
kwikwē (present singular third-person)
kwikw?dī (past singular third-person)
kwikw?dīm (first-person past plural)
kwikw?dīd (past plural second-person)
kwikwēn (plural present third-person)
kwikw?dīn (past plural third-person)
kwikwē (present singular)
kwikwēþ (plural present)
kwikwēndī (participle present)
kwikw?d (participle past)

Old English: cwician

Middle English: quicken

Middle English: quick (archaic)

Old Saxon: quikōn, quickōn

Middle Low German: quicken

desctree

Old Dutch: quiccon
Middle Dutch: quicken
Dutch: kwikken

Old High German: queckēn, quickēn

Middle High German: quicken


tanþēn

tanþēn (infinitive)
tanþēnijas (genitive infinitive)
tanþēnijē (dative infinitive)
tanþēniju (infinitive instrumental)
tanþē (first-person present singular)
tanþ?dā (first-person past singular)
tanþēs (present second-person singular)
tanþ?dēs (past second-person singular)
tanþēþ (present singular third-person)
tanþ?dē (past singular third-person)
tanþ?dā (past singular third-person)
tanþēm (first-person plural present)
tanþ?dum (first-person past plural)
tanþēþ (plural present second-person)
tanþ?dud (past plural second-person)
tanþēnþ (plural present third-person)
tanþ?dun (past plural third-person)
tanþ?dī (first-person past singular)
tanþ?dī (past second-person singular)
tanþē (present singular third-person)
tanþ?dī (past singular third-person)
tanþ?dīm (first-person past plural)
tanþ?dīd (past plural second-person)
tanþēn (plural present third-person)
tanþ?dīn (past plural third-person)
tanþē (present singular)
tanþēþ (plural present)
tanþēndī (participle present)
tanþ?d (participle past)

Old English: *tōþian

Middle English: tothen

Old Saxon: *tandōn

Middle Low German: tanden

Old Dutch: *tandon

Middle Dutch: tanden

Old High German: zannēn

Middle High German: zannen, zanen


serwēn

serwēn (infinitive)
serwēnijas (genitive infinitive)
serwēnijē (dative infinitive)
serwēniju (infinitive instrumental)
serwē (first-person present singular)
serw?dā (first-person past singular)
serwēs (present second-person singular)
serw?dēs (past second-person singular)
serwēþ (present singular third-person)
serw?dē (past singular third-person)
serw?dā (past singular third-person)
serwēm (first-person plural present)
serw?dum (first-person past plural)
serwēþ (plural present second-person)
serw?dud (past plural second-person)
serwēnþ (plural present third-person)
serw?dun (past plural third-person)
serw?dī (first-person past singular)
serw?dī (past second-person singular)
serwē (present singular third-person)
serw?dī (past singular third-person)
serw?dīm (first-person past plural)
serw?dīd (past plural second-person)
serwēn (plural present third-person)
serw?dīn (past plural third-person)
serwē (present singular)
serwēþ (plural present)
serwēndī (participle present)
serw?d (participle past)

Old Saxon: *serwōn

Middle Low German: serwen

Old High German: serawēn

desc

Middle High German: serewen, serwen, serben


swilēn

swilēn (infinitive)
swilēnijas (genitive infinitive)
swilēnijē (dative infinitive)
swilēniju (infinitive instrumental)
swilē (first-person present singular)
swil?dā (first-person past singular)
swilēs (present second-person singular)
swil?dēs (past second-person singular)
swilēþ (present singular third-person)
swil?dē (past singular third-person)
swil?dā (past singular third-person)
swilēm (first-person plural present)
swil?dum (first-person past plural)
swilēþ (plural present second-person)
swil?dud (past plural second-person)
swilēnþ (plural present third-person)
swil?dun (past plural third-person)
swil?dī (first-person past singular)
swil?dī (past second-person singular)
swilē (present singular third-person)
swil?dī (past singular third-person)
swil?dīm (first-person past plural)
swil?dīd (past plural second-person)
swilēn (plural present third-person)
swil?dīn (past plural third-person)
swilē (present singular)
swilēþ (plural present)
swilēndī (participle present)
swil?d (participle past)

Old Saxon: swilōn

Old High German: swillēn, *swilēn

Middle High German: *swilen

⇒ Middle High German: verswilen

German: verschwielen

German: schwielen (obsolete)


amprō

amprō (nominative singular)
ampran (nominative plural)
ampran (accusative singular)
ampran (accusative plural)
amprini (genitive singular)
ampran (genitive singular)
ampranō (genitive plural)
amprini (dative singular)
ampran (dative singular)
amprum (dative plural)
amprini (instrumental singular)
ampran (instrumental singular)
amprum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ampre f, ompre ( < Proto-West Germanic *amprā)

Middle English: ampre

English: amper

Old Saxon: *ampro

⇒ Middle Low German: sûramper m

Old High German: ampfaro m; amphara f ( < Proto-West Germanic *amprā)

Middle High German: ampfer, ampher m

German: Ampfer m

→ German Low German: Amper

From *ampr (“sour”) + *-ō. Compare *sūrā (“sorrel”), from *sūr (“sour”). Compare also the parallel formations Sanskrit अम्ल (amlá, “sour, bitter; wood sorrel”) and Latvian amuols (“yellow sorrel”), apparently from the same root with a slightly different suffix.


sūrā

sūrā (nominative singular)
sūrōn (nominative plural)
sūrōn (accusative singular)
sūrōn (accusative plural)
sūrōn (genitive singular)
sūrōnō (genitive plural)
sūrōn (dative singular)
sūrōm (dative plural)
sūrum (dative plural)
sūrōn (instrumental singular)
sūrōm (instrumental plural)
sūrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sūre

Middle English: sour, soure

Old Saxon: sūra

Middle Low German: sûre

German Low German: Süüre, Suur

Old High German: sūra f, sūrra, surio m

From Proto-Germanic *sūrǭ, from *sūraz (“sour”) + *-ǭ. Cognate with Icelandic súra (“sorrel”).


ampr

ampr (masculine nominative singular)
ampru (feminine nominative singular)
ampr (neuter nominative singular)
ampranā (accusative masculine singular)
amprā (accusative feminine singular)
ampr (accusative neuter singular)
ampras (genitive masculine singular)
ampreʀā (feminine genitive singular)
ampras (genitive neuter singular)
amprumē (dative masculine singular)
ampreʀē (dative feminine singular)
amprumē (dative neuter singular)
ampru (instrumental masculine singular)
ampreʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
ampru (instrumental neuter singular)
amprē (masculine nominative plural)
amprō (feminine nominative plural)
ampru (neuter nominative plural)
amprā (accusative masculine plural)
amprā (accusative feminine plural)
ampru (accusative neuter plural)
ampreʀō (genitive masculine plural)
ampreʀō (feminine genitive plural)
ampreʀō (genitive neuter plural)
amprēm (dative masculine plural)
amprum (dative masculine plural)
amprēm (dative feminine plural)
amprum (dative feminine plural)
amprēm (dative neuter plural)
amprum (dative neuter plural)
amprēm (instrumental masculine plural)
amprum (instrumental masculine plural)
amprēm (feminine instrumental plural)
amprum (feminine instrumental plural)
amprēm (instrumental neuter plural)
amprum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Frisian: *amper, *omper

West Frisian: amper

Old Dutch: *ampar

Middle Dutch: amper

Dutch: amper


niuwjōn

niuwjōn (infinitive)
niuwjōnijas (genitive infinitive)
niuwjōnijē (dative infinitive)
niuwjōniju (infinitive instrumental)
niuwjō (first-person present singular)
niuwjōdā (first-person past singular)
niuwjōs (present second-person singular)
niuwjōdēs (past second-person singular)
niuwjōdōs (past second-person singular)
niuwjōþ (present singular third-person)
niuwjōdē (past singular third-person)
niuwjōdā (past singular third-person)
niuwjōm (first-person plural present)
niuwjōdum (first-person past plural)
niuwjōþ (plural present second-person)
niuwjōdud (past plural second-person)
niuwjōnþ (plural present third-person)
niuwjōdun (past plural third-person)
niuwjōdī (first-person past singular)
niuwjōdī (past second-person singular)
niuwjō (present singular third-person)
niuwjōdī (past singular third-person)
niuwjōdīm (first-person past plural)
niuwjōdīd (past plural second-person)
niuwjōn (plural present third-person)
niuwjōdīn (past plural third-person)
niuwjō (present singular)
niuwjōþ (plural present)
niuwjōndī (participle present)
niuwjōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: nīewian, nīwian, nēowian, nīwiġan
Middle English: newen
English: new
Scots: neu, new
⇒ Middle English: anewen
⇒ Middle English: renewen
English: renew
Scots: renew

Old Frisian: nīa

⇒ Old Frisian: fornīa

Saterland Frisian: fernäije

West Frisian: fernije

⇒ Old Frisian: urnīa

Old Saxon: *niuwōn

Middle Low German: nü̂wen, nîgen, nîen

desc

⇒ Middle Low German: vörnîen, vornîen, vorniegen, vornigen, vorniggen, vernîen

German Low German: vernejen, vernien, verneen

⇒ Middle Low German: vörnîeren, vörnü̂weren

Old Dutch: *niuwon

Middle Dutch: niewen

Dutch: nieuwen (dialectal)

⇒ Middle Dutch: verniewen, verniën

Dutch: vernieuwen

Old High German: niuwōn

Middle High German: niuwen

German: neuen (archaic)

⇒ Middle High German: verniuwen, verniun, vernūen, vernūwen, vernuowen, ferniuwen

German: verneuen (archaic)

⇒ Middle High German: verniuweren, verniuwern, ferniuwern

German: verneuern (archaic)

⇒ Old High German: irniuwōn

Middle High German: erniuwen, irniuwen, erniuen, irniuen, ernūwen, irnūwen

German: erneuen (archaic)

⇒ Middle High German: erniuweren, erniuwern, irniuwern, ernūwern, irwūwern

German: erneuern

From Proto-Germanic *niwjōną. Equivalent to *niwi (“new”) + *-ōn.


magēn

magēn (infinitive)
magēnijas (genitive infinitive)
magēnijē (dative infinitive)
magēniju (infinitive instrumental)
magē (first-person present singular)
mag?dā (first-person past singular)
magēs (present second-person singular)
mag?dēs (past second-person singular)
magēþ (present singular third-person)
mag?dē (past singular third-person)
mag?dā (past singular third-person)
magēm (first-person plural present)
mag?dum (first-person past plural)
magēþ (plural present second-person)
mag?dud (past plural second-person)
magēnþ (plural present third-person)
mag?dun (past plural third-person)
mag?dī (first-person past singular)
mag?dī (past second-person singular)
magē (present singular third-person)
mag?dī (past singular third-person)
mag?dīm (first-person past plural)
mag?dīd (past plural second-person)
magēn (plural present third-person)
mag?dīn (past plural third-person)
magē (present singular)
magēþ (plural present)
magēndī (participle present)
mag?d (participle past)

Old English: magian

Old High German: magēn

From *mag (“able, strong, capable”) + *-ēn.


hnigēn

hnigēn (infinitive)
hnigēnijas (genitive infinitive)
hnigēnijē (dative infinitive)
hnigēniju (infinitive instrumental)
hnigē (first-person present singular)
hnig?dā (first-person past singular)
hnigēs (present second-person singular)
hnig?dēs (past second-person singular)
hnigēþ (present singular third-person)
hnig?dē (past singular third-person)
hnig?dā (past singular third-person)
hnigēm (first-person plural present)
hnig?dum (first-person past plural)
hnigēþ (plural present second-person)
hnig?dud (past plural second-person)
hnigēnþ (plural present third-person)
hnig?dun (past plural third-person)
hnig?dī (first-person past singular)
hnig?dī (past second-person singular)
hnigē (present singular third-person)
hnig?dī (past singular third-person)
hnig?dīm (first-person past plural)
hnig?dīd (past plural second-person)
hnigēn (plural present third-person)
hnig?dīn (past plural third-person)
hnigē (present singular)
hnigēþ (plural present)
hnigēndī (participle present)
hnig?d (participle past)

Old English: hnigian

Old High German: negēn, hnegēn

Closely related to the strong verb *hnīgan and causative *hnaigijan.


fagēn

fagēn (infinitive)
fagēnijas (genitive infinitive)
fagēnijē (dative infinitive)
fagēniju (infinitive instrumental)
fagē (first-person present singular)
fag?dā (first-person past singular)
fagēs (present second-person singular)
fag?dēs (past second-person singular)
fagēþ (present singular third-person)
fag?dē (past singular third-person)
fag?dā (past singular third-person)
fagēm (first-person plural present)
fag?dum (first-person past plural)
fagēþ (plural present second-person)
fag?dud (past plural second-person)
fagēnþ (plural present third-person)
fag?dun (past plural third-person)
fag?dī (first-person past singular)
fag?dī (past second-person singular)
fagē (present singular third-person)
fag?dī (past singular third-person)
fag?dīm (first-person past plural)
fag?dīd (past plural second-person)
fagēn (plural present third-person)
fag?dīn (past plural third-person)
fagē (present singular)
fagēþ (plural present)
fagēndī (participle present)
fag?d (participle past)

Old English: *fagian

Middle English: fagen

Old Frisian: fagia

Old Saxon: *fagōn

>? Middle Low German: fagen, vagen (to make use of the land)

Old High German: fagēn, fagōn

>? Middle High German: fagen, fagen (to be obedient)


wanōn

wanōn (infinitive)
wanōnijas (genitive infinitive)
wanōnijē (dative infinitive)
wanōniju (infinitive instrumental)
wanō (first-person present singular)
wanōdā (first-person past singular)
wanōs (present second-person singular)
wanōdēs (past second-person singular)
wanōdōs (past second-person singular)
wanōþ (present singular third-person)
wanōdē (past singular third-person)
wanōdā (past singular third-person)
wanōm (first-person plural present)
wanōdum (first-person past plural)
wanōþ (plural present second-person)
wanōdud (past plural second-person)
wanōnþ (plural present third-person)
wanōdun (past plural third-person)
wanōdī (first-person past singular)
wanōdī (past second-person singular)
wanō (present singular third-person)
wanōdī (past singular third-person)
wanōdīm (first-person past plural)
wanōdīd (past plural second-person)
wanōn (plural present third-person)
wanōdīn (past plural third-person)
wanō (present singular)
wanōþ (plural present)
wanōndī (participle present)
wanōd (participle past)

Old English: wanian, wonian

Middle English: wanien, wonien, wanen

Scots: wan, wane

English: wane

Old Frisian: wania, wonia

Old Saxon: wanōn

Middle Low German: wanen, wānen

Old Dutch: *wanon

Middle Dutch: wanen, waenen

Old High German: wanōn

From Proto-Germanic *wanōną, equivalent to *wan (“lacking”) + *-ōn.


wanēn

wanēn (infinitive)
wanēnijas (genitive infinitive)
wanēnijē (dative infinitive)
wanēniju (infinitive instrumental)
wanē (first-person present singular)
wan?dā (first-person past singular)
wanēs (present second-person singular)
wan?dēs (past second-person singular)
wanēþ (present singular third-person)
wan?dē (past singular third-person)
wan?dā (past singular third-person)
wanēm (first-person plural present)
wan?dum (first-person past plural)
wanēþ (plural present second-person)
wan?dud (past plural second-person)
wanēnþ (plural present third-person)
wan?dun (past plural third-person)
wan?dī (first-person past singular)
wan?dī (past second-person singular)
wanē (present singular third-person)
wan?dī (past singular third-person)
wan?dīm (first-person past plural)
wan?dīd (past plural second-person)
wanēn (plural present third-person)
wan?dīn (past plural third-person)
wanē (present singular)
wanēþ (plural present)
wanēndī (participle present)
wan?d (participle past)

Old English: wanian, wonian

Middle English: wanien, wonien, wanen

Scots: wan, wane

English: wane

Old Frisian: wania, wonia

Old Saxon: wanōn

Old Dutch: *wanon
Middle Dutch: wānen

Old High German: wanōn

From Proto-Germanic *wanāną. Equivalent to *wan (“lacking”) + *-ēn.


tōbōn

tōbōn (infinitive)
tōbōnijas (genitive infinitive)
tōbōnijē (dative infinitive)
tōbōniju (infinitive instrumental)
tōbō (first-person present singular)
tōbōdā (first-person past singular)
tōbōs (present second-person singular)
tōbōdēs (past second-person singular)
tōbōdōs (past second-person singular)
tōbōþ (present singular third-person)
tōbōdē (past singular third-person)
tōbōdā (past singular third-person)
tōbōm (first-person plural present)
tōbōdum (first-person past plural)
tōbōþ (plural present second-person)
tōbōdud (past plural second-person)
tōbōnþ (plural present third-person)
tōbōdun (past plural third-person)
tōbōdī (first-person past singular)
tōbōdī (past second-person singular)
tōbō (present singular third-person)
tōbōdī (past singular third-person)
tōbōdīm (first-person past plural)
tōbōdīd (past plural second-person)
tōbōn (plural present third-person)
tōbōdīn (past plural third-person)
tōbō (present singular)
tōbōþ (plural present)
tōbōndī (participle present)
tōbōd (participle past)

q

>? Old Frisian: tōva (unexpected class 1 inflection without umlaut, possibly a borrowing)

West Frisian: toevje

Old Saxon: *tōvōn

Middle Low German: tōven, tȫven

→ Danish: tøve

Old Dutch: *tuovon

Middle Dutch: toeven

Dutch: toeven


duskōn

duskōn (infinitive)
duskōnijas (genitive infinitive)
duskōnijē (dative infinitive)
duskōniju (infinitive instrumental)
duskō (first-person present singular)
duskōdā (first-person past singular)
duskōs (present second-person singular)
duskōdēs (past second-person singular)
duskōdōs (past second-person singular)
duskōþ (present singular third-person)
duskōdē (past singular third-person)
duskōdā (past singular third-person)
duskōm (first-person plural present)
duskōdum (first-person past plural)
duskōþ (plural present second-person)
duskōdud (past plural second-person)
duskōnþ (plural present third-person)
duskōdun (past plural third-person)
duskōdī (first-person past singular)
duskōdī (past second-person singular)
duskō (present singular third-person)
duskōdī (past singular third-person)
duskōdīm (first-person past plural)
duskōdīd (past plural second-person)
duskōn (plural present third-person)
duskōdīn (past plural third-person)
duskō (present singular)
duskōþ (plural present)
duskōndī (participle present)
duskōd (participle past)

Old English: doxian

desctree

Middle English: dusken, desken, duskyn, deskyn, doskin
English: dusk

Old High German: *tuskon

⇒ Old High German: firtuskon


smiþōn

smiþōn (infinitive)
smiþōnijas (genitive infinitive)
smiþōnijē (dative infinitive)
smiþōniju (infinitive instrumental)
smiþō (first-person present singular)
smiþōdā (first-person past singular)
smiþōs (present second-person singular)
smiþōdēs (past second-person singular)
smiþōdōs (past second-person singular)
smiþōþ (present singular third-person)
smiþōdē (past singular third-person)
smiþōdā (past singular third-person)
smiþōm (first-person plural present)
smiþōdum (first-person past plural)
smiþōþ (plural present second-person)
smiþōdud (past plural second-person)
smiþōnþ (plural present third-person)
smiþōdun (past plural third-person)
smiþōdī (first-person past singular)
smiþōdī (past second-person singular)
smiþō (present singular third-person)
smiþōdī (past singular third-person)
smiþōdīm (first-person past plural)
smiþōdīd (past plural second-person)
smiþōn (plural present third-person)
smiþōdīn (past plural third-person)
smiþō (present singular)
smiþōþ (plural present)
smiþōndī (participle present)
smiþōd (participle past)

Old English: smiþian

Middle English: smythen

English: smith

Old Saxon: smithōn

Middle Low German: smēden

Old Dutch: smithon
Middle Dutch: smēden
Dutch: smeden
Afrikaans: smee, smeed
Limburgish: smeide, smieëde

Old High German: smidōn

Middle High German: smiden

German: schmieden

Luxembourgish: schmidden

From Proto-Germanic *smiþōną, equivalent to *smiþ (“smith”) + *-ōn.


friþōn

friþōn (infinitive)
friþōnijas (genitive infinitive)
friþōnijē (dative infinitive)
friþōniju (infinitive instrumental)
friþō (first-person present singular)
friþōdā (first-person past singular)
friþōs (present second-person singular)
friþōdēs (past second-person singular)
friþōdōs (past second-person singular)
friþōþ (present singular third-person)
friþōdē (past singular third-person)
friþōdā (past singular third-person)
friþōm (first-person plural present)
friþōdum (first-person past plural)
friþōþ (plural present second-person)
friþōdud (past plural second-person)
friþōnþ (plural present third-person)
friþōdun (past plural third-person)
friþōdī (first-person past singular)
friþōdī (past second-person singular)
friþō (present singular third-person)
friþōdī (past singular third-person)
friþōdīm (first-person past plural)
friþōdīd (past plural second-person)
friþōn (plural present third-person)
friþōdīn (past plural third-person)
friþō (present singular)
friþōþ (plural present)
friþōndī (participle present)
friþōd (participle past)

Old English: friþian, freoþian, friðian — edh spelling
Middle English: frithen, ffryþe, frethen, frythen, fyrthe, vreþie, friðen, friþian, fruðien (Early Middle English)
Scots: freeth

Old Frisian: frethia, frithia

Old Saxon: *frithōn

Middle Low German: vreden

Old Dutch: *frithon

Middle Dutch: vreden; (bevreden, vredigen)

Dutch: vreden; (bevreden, vredigen, bevredigen)

(Afrikaans: bevredig)

Old High German: fridon

Middle High German: vriden

German: frieden

From Proto-Germanic *friþōną. Equivalent to *friþu (“peace”) + *-ōn.


fakkulā

fakkulā (nominative singular)
fakkulōn (nominative plural)
fakkulōn (accusative singular)
fakkulōn (accusative plural)
fakkulōn (genitive singular)
fakkulōnō (genitive plural)
fakkulōn (dative singular)
fakkulōm (dative plural)
fakkulum (dative plural)
fakkulōn (instrumental singular)
fakkulōm (instrumental plural)
fakkulum (instrumental plural)

Old English: fæcele

Old Saxon: fakla

Middle Low German: fackele, fackel

German Low German: Fackel

→ Danish: fakkel

→ Norwegian: fakkel

Old Dutch: *fackala

Middle Dutch: fackele, fackel

Dutch: fakkel

Afrikaans: fackel

desc

Old High German: fackala, fackla, fakkila, fackula

Middle High German: vackel, fackel

Alemannic German: Fachele

German: Fackel (see there for further descendants)

Luxembourgish: Fakel

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Fackel

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бакља

Latin script: baklja

→ Slovak: fakľa

→ Slovene: bakla

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin *faccula, from Latin facula.


kardā

kardā (nominative singular)
kardōn (nominative plural)
kardōn (accusative singular)
kardōn (accusative plural)
kardōn (genitive singular)
kardōnō (genitive plural)
kardōn (dative singular)
kardōm (dative plural)
kardum (dative plural)
kardōn (instrumental singular)
kardōm (instrumental plural)
kardum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: karde

West Frisian: kaarde

Old Saxon: karda

Middle Low German: kârde, karde, kârte

desctree

Old Dutch: *carda
Middle Dutch: carde, caerde
Dutch: kaard, kaarde

Old High German: karta f, karto m

Middle High German: karte, karde

Alemannic German: Charte

German: Karde


kerbulā

kerbulā (nominative singular)
kerbulōn (nominative plural)
kerbulōn (accusative singular)
kerbulōn (accusative plural)
kerbulōn (genitive singular)
kerbulōnō (genitive plural)
kerbulōn (dative singular)
kerbulōm (dative plural)
kerbulum (dative plural)
kerbulōn (instrumental singular)
kerbulōm (instrumental plural)
kerbulum (instrumental plural)
*kerbillijā (alternative)

desc

Old English: cerfille, cerfelle, cærfille

Middle English: chervell, cherefelle, charville, charwelle, chervyl (reenforced by Old French)

English: chervil

Old Saxon: kervila, kiervila, kerevel

Middle Low German: kervel, karvel, karvele, kerevel, kervele

German Low German: Kerwel

→ Danish: kørvel

→ Norwegian: kjørvel

→ Swedish: körvel

→ Icelandic: kerfill

Old Dutch: *kervila

Middle Dutch: kervele, kervel

Dutch: kervel

Old High German: kervila, kervola, kerbele f, kerfil, kervil m

Middle High German: kervele, kervel, kerfele, kerfel, kerbel m

German: Kerbel m

Luxembourgish: Kierwel

Borrowed from Late Latin cerfolium, from Latin caerefolium.


kunilā

kunilā (nominative singular)
kunilōn (nominative plural)
kunilōn (accusative singular)
kunilōn (accusative plural)
kunilōn (genitive singular)
kunilōnō (genitive plural)
kunilōn (dative singular)
kunilōm (dative plural)
kunilum (dative plural)
kunilōn (instrumental singular)
kunilōm (instrumental plural)
kunilum (instrumental plural)
*konulā (alternative)
*kwenelā (alternative)

Old English: cunele, cunelle, cunille

Middle English: cunel

Old Saxon: kunila, konula, konnela, konele, kwenela, quenela, quenula

Middle Low German: kȫnele, konele, könnele, künele, kölle, quēnel

Low German: Kölle, Külle

Old Dutch: *quenela, *quenla

Middle Dutch: cuelne, *quenle, quendel

Dutch: keule, (archaic) cuele

Dutch: kwendel, (archaic) quendel, quenel

→ Swedish: kyndel

→ Finnish: kynteli

→ Norwegian Bokmål: kyndel

Old High German: quenela, quenela, quenala, konila, konul, konala, kunila, kunala, quenila, quonila

Middle High German: quenil, quenel, quennel, quennele, quendel, kundel

German: Quendel

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin *quenela and Latin conīla, conela, cunela.


kudinā

kudinā (nominative singular)
kudinōn (nominative plural)
kudinōn (accusative singular)
kudinōn (accusative plural)
kudinōn (genitive singular)
kudinōnō (genitive plural)
kudinōn (dative singular)
kudinōm (dative plural)
kudinum (dative plural)
kudinōn (instrumental singular)
kudinōm (instrumental plural)
kudinum (instrumental plural)
*kwidinā (alternative)
*kudinnjā (alternative)

Old Saxon: kudina, quitina, kudine, quidene

Middle Low German: quêde, quedde

Low German: Quitt

→ Danish: kvæde

→ Faroese: kveði

→ Norwegian: kvede

→ Swedish: kvitten

Old Dutch: *quidina

Middle Dutch: quēde

Dutch: kwee

Old High German: quitina, kutinna, kwitina, quitina, quodana, kwodana

Middle High German: küte, kütte, kutten, quite, quiten, küten

Alemannic German: Chüttene, Kütt

German: Quitte

Luxembourgish: Quitt

Rhine Franconian: Quitt

Borrowed from Late Latin quidōnium, cydonium, ellipsis of Latin (malum) Cydonium (“(apple) of Cydonia”).


klauwjan

klauwjan (infinitive)
klauwjannjas (genitive infinitive)
klauwjannjē (dative infinitive)
klauwjannju (infinitive instrumental)
klauwju (first-person present singular)
kleōw (first-person past singular)
klawiʀi (present second-person singular)
kleōwī (past second-person singular)
klawidi (present singular third-person)
kleōw (past singular third-person)
klauwjum (first-person plural present)
kleōwum (first-person past plural)
klawid (plural present second-person)
kleōwud (past plural second-person)
klauwjand (plural present third-person)
kleōwun (past plural third-person)
klauwjē (first-person present singular)
kleōwī (first-person past singular)
klauwjēs (present second-person singular)
klauwjē (present singular third-person)
kleōwī (past singular third-person)
klauwjēm (first-person plural present)
kleōwīm (first-person past plural)
klauwjēþ (plural present second-person)
kleōwīd (past plural second-person)
klauwjēn (plural present third-person)
kleōwīn (past plural third-person)
klawi (present singular)
klawid (plural present)
klauwjandī (participle present)
klawan (participle past)

Old English: clawan; clāwan, *clīeġan (strong class 7)

Middle English: clawen, cleen

English: claw

Scots: claw

Old Saxon: *klawian, *klōian

desc

Middle Low German: klâwen, klowen, klouwen, klöuwen, kleien, kleyen, klayen, klegen, kleigen

German Low German: klauen

Old Dutch: *clōien, *clouen

Middle Dutch: clôyen, clooien, clouwen

q

Dutch: klooien, klauwen (remodelled after the noun, or from West Germanic *klawēn)

Old High German: klawjan

Middle High German: kleuen, klæwen

German: kläuen (dialectal or obsolete), klauen (remodelled after the noun, or from West Germanic *klawēn)


klawēn

klawēn (infinitive)
klawēnijas (genitive infinitive)
klawēnijē (dative infinitive)
klawēniju (infinitive instrumental)
klawē (first-person present singular)
klaw?dā (first-person past singular)
klawēs (present second-person singular)
klaw?dēs (past second-person singular)
klawēþ (present singular third-person)
klaw?dē (past singular third-person)
klaw?dā (past singular third-person)
klawēm (first-person plural present)
klaw?dum (first-person past plural)
klawēþ (plural present second-person)
klaw?dud (past plural second-person)
klawēnþ (plural present third-person)
klaw?dun (past plural third-person)
klaw?dī (first-person past singular)
klaw?dī (past second-person singular)
klawē (present singular third-person)
klaw?dī (past singular third-person)
klaw?dīm (first-person past plural)
klaw?dīd (past plural second-person)
klawēn (plural present third-person)
klaw?dīn (past plural third-person)
klawē (present singular)
klawēþ (plural present)
klawēndī (participle present)
klaw?d (participle past)

Old English: clawian

Middle English: clawen

English: claw

Scots: claw

Old Frisian: *klawia

Saterland Frisian: klauje

>? West Frisian: klauje (“to rake”)

Old Saxon: *clawōn

Middle Low German: klâwen

German Low German: klauen

Old Dutch: *clouen

Middle Dutch: clouwen

Dutch: klauwen

→ West Frisian: klauwe

Old High German: klawēn, chlawēn

Middle High German: *klauen

German: klauen


nāhwēn

nāhwēn (infinitive)
nāhwēnijas (genitive infinitive)
nāhwēnijē (dative infinitive)
nāhwēniju (infinitive instrumental)
nāhwē (first-person present singular)
nāhw?dā (first-person past singular)
nāhwēs (present second-person singular)
nāhw?dēs (past second-person singular)
nāhwēþ (present singular third-person)
nāhw?dē (past singular third-person)
nāhw?dā (past singular third-person)
nāhwēm (first-person plural present)
nāhw?dum (first-person past plural)
nāhwēþ (plural present second-person)
nāhw?dud (past plural second-person)
nāhwēnþ (plural present third-person)
nāhw?dun (past plural third-person)
nāhw?dī (first-person past singular)
nāhw?dī (past second-person singular)
nāhwē (present singular third-person)
nāhw?dī (past singular third-person)
nāhw?dīm (first-person past plural)
nāhw?dīd (past plural second-person)
nāhwēn (plural present third-person)
nāhw?dīn (past plural third-person)
nāhwē (present singular)
nāhwēþ (plural present)
nāhwēndī (participle present)
nāhw?d (participle past)

Old English: *nēahian, *nēahwian

⇒ Old English: ġenēahian, ġenēahwian

Middle English: neighen

English: nigh

Old Saxon: *nāhōn

Middle Low German: nâgen

Old Dutch: *nāhon

Middle Dutch: nâen

Old High German: nāhēn

Middle High German: nahen

German: nahen

From Proto-Germanic *nēhwāną, equivalent to *nāhw (“near, close”) + *-ēn.


bāgēn

bāgēn (infinitive)
bāgēnijas (genitive infinitive)
bāgēnijē (dative infinitive)
bāgēniju (infinitive instrumental)
bāgē (first-person present singular)
bāg?dā (first-person past singular)
bāgēs (present second-person singular)
bāg?dēs (past second-person singular)
bāgēþ (present singular third-person)
bāg?dē (past singular third-person)
bāg?dā (past singular third-person)
bāgēm (first-person plural present)
bāg?dum (first-person past plural)
bāgēþ (plural present second-person)
bāg?dud (past plural second-person)
bāgēnþ (plural present third-person)
bāg?dun (past plural third-person)
bāg?dī (first-person past singular)
bāg?dī (past second-person singular)
bāgē (present singular third-person)
bāg?dī (past singular third-person)
bāg?dīm (first-person past plural)
bāg?dīd (past plural second-person)
bāgēn (plural present third-person)
bāg?dīn (past plural third-person)
bāgē (present singular)
bāgēþ (plural present)
bāgēndī (participle present)
bāg?d (participle past)

Old Saxon: *bāgōn

Middle Low German: bâgen, bôgen

Old High German: bāgēn

gl

merged with Old High German <i class="Latn mention" lang="goh">bāgan</i>

Middle High German: bāgen, pāgen (merged with Old High German bāgan)

German: bagen

Bavarian: bägen

⇒ Alemannic German: bägeren, bägern

From Proto-Germanic *bēgāną, equivalent to *bāg (“quarrel, fight”) + *-ēn.


fūlēn

fūlēn (infinitive)
fūlēnijas (genitive infinitive)
fūlēnijē (dative infinitive)
fūlēniju (infinitive instrumental)
fūlē (first-person present singular)
fūl?dā (first-person past singular)
fūlēs (present second-person singular)
fūl?dēs (past second-person singular)
fūlēþ (present singular third-person)
fūl?dē (past singular third-person)
fūl?dā (past singular third-person)
fūlēm (first-person plural present)
fūl?dum (first-person past plural)
fūlēþ (plural present second-person)
fūl?dud (past plural second-person)
fūlēnþ (plural present third-person)
fūl?dun (past plural third-person)
fūl?dī (first-person past singular)
fūl?dī (past second-person singular)
fūlē (present singular third-person)
fūl?dī (past singular third-person)
fūl?dīm (first-person past plural)
fūl?dīd (past plural second-person)
fūlēn (plural present third-person)
fūl?dīn (past plural third-person)
fūlē (present singular)
fūlēþ (plural present)
fūlēndī (participle present)
fūl?d (participle past)

Old English: fūlian

Middle English: foulen

English: foul

⇒ Middle English: befoulen

English: befoul

Old Frisian: *fūlia

Saterland Frisian: fuulje

⇒ West Frisian: befûlje

Old Saxon: *fūlōn

Middle Low German: vûlen

German Low German: fulen

⇒ Middle Low German: bevûlen

German Low German: befulen

desctree

Old Dutch: *fūlon
Middle Dutch: vulen
Dutch: vuilen
Limburgish: voele

Old High German: fūlēn

Middle High German: vūlen, viulen

German: faulen

Yiddish: פֿױלן (foyln)

(intransitive) to become foul; rot; decay


galīkēn

galīkēn (infinitive)
galīkēnijas (genitive infinitive)
galīkēnijē (dative infinitive)
galīkēniju (infinitive instrumental)
galīkē (first-person present singular)
galīk?dā (first-person past singular)
galīkēs (present second-person singular)
galīk?dēs (past second-person singular)
galīkēþ (present singular third-person)
galīk?dē (past singular third-person)
galīk?dā (past singular third-person)
galīkēm (first-person plural present)
galīk?dum (first-person past plural)
galīkēþ (plural present second-person)
galīk?dud (past plural second-person)
galīkēnþ (plural present third-person)
galīk?dun (past plural third-person)
galīk?dī (first-person past singular)
galīk?dī (past second-person singular)
galīkē (present singular third-person)
galīk?dī (past singular third-person)
galīk?dīm (first-person past plural)
galīk?dīd (past plural second-person)
galīkēn (plural present third-person)
galīk?dīn (past plural third-person)
galīkē (present singular)
galīkēþ (plural present)
galīkēndī (participle present)
galīk?d (participle past)

Old English: ġelīcian

Old Saxon: *gilīkōn

Middle Low German: gelīken

Old Dutch: gilīkon

Old High German: gilīhhēn

Middle High German: gelīchen

From Proto-Germanic *galīkāną. Equivalent to *ga- + *līkēn (“to please”).


hawēn

hawēn (infinitive)
hawēnijas (genitive infinitive)
hawēnijē (dative infinitive)
hawēniju (infinitive instrumental)
hawē (first-person present singular)
haw?dā (first-person past singular)
hawēs (present second-person singular)
haw?dēs (past second-person singular)
hawēþ (present singular third-person)
haw?dē (past singular third-person)
haw?dā (past singular third-person)
hawēm (first-person plural present)
haw?dum (first-person past plural)
hawēþ (plural present second-person)
haw?dud (past plural second-person)
hawēnþ (plural present third-person)
haw?dun (past plural third-person)
haw?dī (first-person past singular)
haw?dī (past second-person singular)
hawē (present singular third-person)
haw?dī (past singular third-person)
haw?dīm (first-person past plural)
haw?dīd (past plural second-person)
hawēn (plural present third-person)
haw?dīn (past plural third-person)
hawē (present singular)
hawēþ (plural present)
hawēndī (participle present)
haw?d (participle past)

Old English: hawian


laiþēn

laiþēn (infinitive)
laiþēnijas (genitive infinitive)
laiþēnijē (dative infinitive)
laiþēniju (infinitive instrumental)
laiþē (first-person present singular)
laiþ?dā (first-person past singular)
laiþēs (present second-person singular)
laiþ?dēs (past second-person singular)
laiþēþ (present singular third-person)
laiþ?dē (past singular third-person)
laiþ?dā (past singular third-person)
laiþēm (first-person plural present)
laiþ?dum (first-person past plural)
laiþēþ (plural present second-person)
laiþ?dud (past plural second-person)
laiþēnþ (plural present third-person)
laiþ?dun (past plural third-person)
laiþ?dī (first-person past singular)
laiþ?dī (past second-person singular)
laiþē (present singular third-person)
laiþ?dī (past singular third-person)
laiþ?dīm (first-person past plural)
laiþ?dīd (past plural second-person)
laiþēn (plural present third-person)
laiþ?dīn (past plural third-person)
laiþē (present singular)
laiþēþ (plural present)
laiþēndī (participle present)
laiþ?d (participle past)

Old English: lāþian

Middle English: lathen, lothen

English: loathe

→ Scots: lothe

Scots: lathe, laith

Old Saxon: lēthōn

Old Dutch: *lēthon
Middle Dutch: lêden

Old High German: leidēn, leidōn

Middle High German: leiden

From Proto-Germanic *laiþāną, equivalent to *laiþ (“loathsome”) + *-ēn.


namōn

namōn (infinitive)
namōnijas (genitive infinitive)
namōnijē (dative infinitive)
namōniju (infinitive instrumental)
namō (first-person present singular)
namōdā (first-person past singular)
namōs (present second-person singular)
namōdēs (past second-person singular)
namōdōs (past second-person singular)
namōþ (present singular third-person)
namōdē (past singular third-person)
namōdā (past singular third-person)
namōm (first-person plural present)
namōdum (first-person past plural)
namōþ (plural present second-person)
namōdud (past plural second-person)
namōnþ (plural present third-person)
namōdun (past plural third-person)
namōdī (first-person past singular)
namōdī (past second-person singular)
namō (present singular third-person)
namōdī (past singular third-person)
namōdīm (first-person past plural)
namōdīd (past plural second-person)
namōn (plural present third-person)
namōdīn (past plural third-person)
namō (present singular)
namōþ (plural present)
namōndī (participle present)
namōd (participle past)

Old English: namian

Middle English: namen

English: name

Scots: name

Old Frisian: namia, nomia

West Frisian: neame

Old Saxon: namōn

Old Dutch: *namon

Middle Dutch: namen

Dutch: namen (obsolete)

⇒ Dutch: genaamd

Old High German: namōn

Middle High German: namen


kornul

kornul (nominative singular)
kornulō (nominative plural)
kornulōs (nominative plural)
kornul (accusative singular)
kornulā (accusative plural)
kornulas (genitive singular)
kornulō (genitive plural)
kornulē (dative singular)
kornulum (dative plural)
kornulu (instrumental singular)
kornulum (instrumental plural)

desc

Old High German: kornul, kurnol m, kurnilo m

⇒ German: Kornelkirsche

Borrowed from Late Latin cornulus, corneolus, *quernulus, from Latin cornus.

Kornelbaum

Middle High German: kurnelboum, kurnilboum

kornoelje

Middle Dutch: kornoelie, kornelle kornelie, kornel, karnel (contaminated by Old French)

kornelle

Old High German: kornella; Middle High German


flekkōn

flekkōn (infinitive)
flekkōnijas (genitive infinitive)
flekkōnijē (dative infinitive)
flekkōniju (infinitive instrumental)
flekkō (first-person present singular)
flekkōdā (first-person past singular)
flekkōs (present second-person singular)
flekkōdēs (past second-person singular)
flekkōdōs (past second-person singular)
flekkōþ (present singular third-person)
flekkōdē (past singular third-person)
flekkōdā (past singular third-person)
flekkōm (first-person plural present)
flekkōdum (first-person past plural)
flekkōþ (plural present second-person)
flekkōdud (past plural second-person)
flekkōnþ (plural present third-person)
flekkōdun (past plural third-person)
flekkōdī (first-person past singular)
flekkōdī (past second-person singular)
flekkō (present singular third-person)
flekkōdī (past singular third-person)
flekkōdīm (first-person past plural)
flekkōdīd (past plural second-person)
flekkōn (plural present third-person)
flekkōdīn (past plural third-person)
flekkō (present singular)
flekkōþ (plural present)
flekkōndī (participle present)
flekkōd (participle past)

Old English: *fleccian

Middle English: *flekken (attested as flekked)

English: fleck

Old Frisian: flekkia

q

>? West Frisian: flekke (a class 1 weak verb, possibly borrowed from Dutch instead)

Old Dutch: *flekkon

Middle Dutch: vlecken

Dutch: vlekken

Old High German: *flekkōn

⇒ Old High German: giflekkōn

Middle High German: vlecken

German: flecken

Luxembourgish: flecken

From Proto-Germanic *flekkōną, equivalent to *flekk (“stain, spot”) + *-ōn.


bitōn

bitōn (infinitive)
bitōnijas (genitive infinitive)
bitōnijē (dative infinitive)
bitōniju (infinitive instrumental)
bitō (first-person present singular)
bitōdā (first-person past singular)
bitōs (present second-person singular)
bitōdēs (past second-person singular)
bitōdōs (past second-person singular)
bitōþ (present singular third-person)
bitōdē (past singular third-person)
bitōdā (past singular third-person)
bitōm (first-person plural present)
bitōdum (first-person past plural)
bitōþ (plural present second-person)
bitōdud (past plural second-person)
bitōnþ (plural present third-person)
bitōdun (past plural third-person)
bitōdī (first-person past singular)
bitōdī (past second-person singular)
bitō (present singular third-person)
bitōdī (past singular third-person)
bitōdīm (first-person past plural)
bitōdīd (past plural second-person)
bitōn (plural present third-person)
bitōdīn (past plural third-person)
bitō (present singular)
bitōþ (plural present)
bitōndī (participle present)
bitōd (participle past)

Old English: *bitian

desctree

⇒ Old English: gristbitian
Middle English: grisbiten, grysbetten (merged with descendant of *gristbittan)
English: gristbite

Old High German: *bizōn, *bizzōn

⇒ Old High German: inbizōn, imbizōn

⇒? Middle High German: durchbitzen

From Proto-Germanic *bitōną, equivalent to *bitō (“piece, bit, chunk”) + *-ōn.


lafendulā

lafendulā (nominative singular)
lafendulōn (nominative plural)
lafendulōn (accusative singular)
lafendulōn (accusative plural)
lafendulōn (genitive singular)
lafendulōnō (genitive plural)
lafendulōn (dative singular)
lafendulōm (dative plural)
lafendulum (dative plural)
lafendulōn (instrumental singular)
lafendulōm (instrumental plural)
lafendulum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: levindola

desc

Middle Low German: lavendel, laffendel, lovendel, lofengel, levendel, lovengel

German Low German: Lewendel

→ Danish: lavendel

→ Swedish: lavendel

→ Finnish: laventeli

Old Dutch: *lavendula

Middle Dutch: lavendel, lavender (influenced by Old French)

Dutch: lavendel

→ West Frisian: lavindel

Old High German: lavendula, lafendula, lavendele, lafendele, lovengele, lofengele

Middle High German: lavendel, lavendele

desctree

German: Lavendel
→ Bulgarian: лаванду́ла (lavandúla)
→ Czech: levandule
→ Hungarian: levendula

Luxembourgish: Lavendel


maskā

maskā (nominative singular)
maskōn (nominative plural)
maskōn (accusative singular)
maskōn (accusative plural)
maskōn (genitive singular)
maskōnō (genitive plural)
maskōn (dative singular)
maskōm (dative plural)
maskum (dative plural)
maskōn (instrumental singular)
maskōm (instrumental plural)
maskum (instrumental plural)

Old English: mæsċre f, masc n, max n

Middle English: maske, *masche, mesche

Scots: mask

English: mesh

Old Frisian: *maske

Saterland Frisian: Mäske

West Frisian: mesk, mêsk

Old Saxon: maska, *māska

Middle Low German: masche

German Low German: Maske, Mask

Old Dutch: *maska, *māska

Middle Dutch: maessce, masche, maesche

Dutch: maas

Old High German: masca, maska, māska, māsca
Middle High German: masche
German: Masche
Luxembourgish: Masch

→? Medieval Latin: masca (see there for further descendants)


sehstārī

sehstārī (nominative singular)
sehstārijō (nominative plural)
sehstārijōs (nominative plural)
sehstārī (accusative singular)
sehstārijā (accusative plural)
sehstārijas (genitive singular)
sehstārijō (genitive plural)
sehstārijē (dative singular)
sehstārijum (dative plural)
sehstāriju (instrumental singular)
sehstārijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sester, syster, seoxter

Middle English: sester, syster

English: sester

Old Saxon: soster, suster

desc

Middle Low German: sestäre, sester, sestere

Dutch Low Saxon: keze

German Low German: Kees, Käes, Käse

Plautdietsch: Kjees

Old Dutch: *sestar

Middle Dutch: sester, sister, zester

Dutch: sester

Old High German: sehstāri, sestāri, sehtāri

Middle High German: sehstäre, sehster, sisiter, sehter, sechter, sestere

German: Sechter, Sester

Borrowed from Latin sestārius, sistārius, septārius, sextārius.


holantr

holantr (nominative singular)
holantrō (nominative plural)
holantrōs (nominative plural)
holantr (accusative singular)
holantrā (accusative plural)
holantras (genitive singular)
holantrō (genitive plural)
holantrē (dative singular)
holantrum (dative plural)
holantru (instrumental singular)
holantrum (instrumental plural)

desctree

>? Old English: ellen
Middle English: ellern, eller, eldre, eldrn, elder, ellen (Early Middle English)
English: elder
Yola: ellena

Old Saxon: holondar

desc

Middle Low German: holunder, holder, holler, holdern, holderen, hollander, hollender, holender, holander, holendor, holendore, holendoren

German Low German: Holunder, Holunner, Holler, Hollunner, Allhorn, Allhäuern

Old Dutch: *holuntara

Middle Dutch: holendere, holentere

Dutch: holender, heulenteer

desctree

Old High German: holuntar m, holuntra, holara, holre f
Middle High German: holunter, holunder, holer
German: Holunder, Holder, Holler (dated, regional), Hohlunder, Hollunder, Holunter, Hohlunter, Hollunter (obsolete)

Presumably from Proto-Germanic *hulandraz, from *hulô ~ *hullaz + *-traz (tree suffix), ultimately of unknown origin. Cognate with Danish hyld, Swedish hyll (“elder tree, elderberry”).


gapōn

gapōn (infinitive)
gapōnijas (genitive infinitive)
gapōnijē (dative infinitive)
gapōniju (infinitive instrumental)
gapō (first-person present singular)
gapōdā (first-person past singular)
gapōs (present second-person singular)
gapōdēs (past second-person singular)
gapōdōs (past second-person singular)
gapōþ (present singular third-person)
gapōdē (past singular third-person)
gapōdā (past singular third-person)
gapōm (first-person plural present)
gapōdum (first-person past plural)
gapōþ (plural present second-person)
gapōdud (past plural second-person)
gapōnþ (plural present third-person)
gapōdun (past plural third-person)
gapōdī (first-person past singular)
gapōdī (past second-person singular)
gapō (present singular third-person)
gapōdī (past singular third-person)
gapōdīm (first-person past plural)
gapōdīd (past plural second-person)
gapōn (plural present third-person)
gapōdīn (past plural third-person)
gapō (present singular)
gapōþ (plural present)
gapōndī (participle present)
gapōd (participle past)

Old English: *gapian

⇒ Old English: ofergapian

Middle English: gapen (Possibly from Old Norse)

English: gape

Old Frisian: *gapia

West Frisian: gapje

Old Saxon: *gapōn

Middle Low German: gapen

Old Dutch: gapon

Middle Dutch: gāpen

Dutch: gapen

Afrikaans: gaap

Old High German: *gaffōn

Middle High German: gaffen

German: gaffen

From Proto-Germanic *gapōną, closely related to *gabbōn (“to joke, to mock”).


gabbōn

gabbōn (infinitive)
gabbōnijas (genitive infinitive)
gabbōnijē (dative infinitive)
gabbōniju (infinitive instrumental)
gabbō (first-person present singular)
gabbōdā (first-person past singular)
gabbōs (present second-person singular)
gabbōdēs (past second-person singular)
gabbōdōs (past second-person singular)
gabbōþ (present singular third-person)
gabbōdē (past singular third-person)
gabbōdā (past singular third-person)
gabbōm (first-person plural present)
gabbōdum (first-person past plural)
gabbōþ (plural present second-person)
gabbōdud (past plural second-person)
gabbōnþ (plural present third-person)
gabbōdun (past plural third-person)
gabbōdī (first-person past singular)
gabbōdī (past second-person singular)
gabbō (present singular third-person)
gabbōdī (past singular third-person)
gabbōdīm (first-person past plural)
gabbōdīd (past plural second-person)
gabbōn (plural present third-person)
gabbōdīn (past plural third-person)
gabbō (present singular)
gabbōþ (plural present)
gabbōndī (participle present)
gabbōd (participle past)

Old English: *gabbian, gabban

Middle English: gabben

English: gab

⇒ English: gabble (possibly borrowed from Dutch)

Old Frisian: gabbia

⇒ Saterland Frisian: gabbelje

West Frisian: gabbje

Old Saxon: *gabbōn

Middle Low German: gabben

⇒ German Low German: gabbeln

Old Dutch: *gabbon

Middle Dutch: gabben

Dutch: gabben

→⇒ Swedish: begabba

⇒ Dutch: gabbelen

desc

⇒ Dutch: ginnegappen, ginnegabben, ginnegaffen


fleuþr

fleuþr (nominative singular)
fleuþrō (nominative plural)
fleuþrōs (nominative plural)
fleuþr (accusative singular)
fleuþrā (accusative plural)
fleuþras (genitive singular)
fleuþrō (genitive plural)
fleuþrē (dative singular)
fleuþrum (dative plural)
fleuþru (instrumental singular)
fleuþrum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *fliāther

West Frisian: flear

>? Old Saxon: *fliothar

Middle Low German: vlêder, vleder, flêder, vlider (likely from Dutch)

German Low German:

Low Prussian: Flieder

Westphalian:

Bentheimisch: Fleär

Westmünsterländisch Fleer

Plautdietsch: Flêder

→ German: Flieder

→ Swedish: fläder

Old Dutch: fliethar

Middle Dutch: vlieder, vlier

Dutch: vlier


munēn

munēn (infinitive)
munēnijas (genitive infinitive)
munēnijē (dative infinitive)
munēniju (infinitive instrumental)
munē (first-person present singular)
mun?dā (first-person past singular)
munēs (present second-person singular)
mun?dēs (past second-person singular)
munēþ (present singular third-person)
mun?dē (past singular third-person)
mun?dā (past singular third-person)
munēm (first-person plural present)
mun?dum (first-person past plural)
munēþ (plural present second-person)
mun?dud (past plural second-person)
munēnþ (plural present third-person)
mun?dun (past plural third-person)
mun?dī (first-person past singular)
mun?dī (past second-person singular)
munē (present singular third-person)
mun?dī (past singular third-person)
mun?dīm (first-person past plural)
mun?dīd (past plural second-person)
munēn (plural present third-person)
mun?dīn (past plural third-person)
munē (present singular)
munēþ (plural present)
munēndī (participle present)
mun?d (participle past)

q

Old English: mynian (with unexpected umlaut, possibly backformed to the noun)

From Proto-Germanic *munāną, equivalent to *muni (“mind, desire”) + *-ēn.


furimunēn

furimunēn (infinitive)
furimunēnijas (genitive infinitive)
furimunēnijē (dative infinitive)
furimunēniju (infinitive instrumental)
furimunē (first-person present singular)
furimun?dā (first-person past singular)
furimunēs (present second-person singular)
furimun?dēs (past second-person singular)
furimunēþ (present singular third-person)
furimun?dē (past singular third-person)
furimun?dā (past singular third-person)
furimunēm (first-person plural present)
furimun?dum (first-person past plural)
furimunēþ (plural present second-person)
furimun?dud (past plural second-person)
furimunēnþ (plural present third-person)
furimun?dun (past plural third-person)
furimun?dī (first-person past singular)
furimun?dī (past second-person singular)
furimunē (present singular third-person)
furimun?dī (past singular third-person)
furimun?dīm (first-person past plural)
furimun?dīd (past plural second-person)
furimunēn (plural present third-person)
furimun?dīn (past plural third-person)
furimunē (present singular)
furimunēþ (plural present)
furimunēndī (participle present)
furimun?d (participle past)

desctree

Old Dutch: *farmunon
Middle Dutch: vermōnen

Old High German: firmonēn

From Proto-Germanic *furimunāną, equivalent to *furi- + *munēn (“to intend, to value”).


tornōn

tornōn (infinitive)
tornōnijas (genitive infinitive)
tornōnijē (dative infinitive)
tornōniju (infinitive instrumental)
tornō (first-person present singular)
tornōdā (first-person past singular)
tornōs (present second-person singular)
tornōdēs (past second-person singular)
tornōdōs (past second-person singular)
tornōþ (present singular third-person)
tornōdē (past singular third-person)
tornōdā (past singular third-person)
tornōm (first-person plural present)
tornōdum (first-person past plural)
tornōþ (plural present second-person)
tornōdud (past plural second-person)
tornōnþ (plural present third-person)
tornōdun (past plural third-person)
tornōdī (first-person past singular)
tornōdī (past second-person singular)
tornō (present singular third-person)
tornōdī (past singular third-person)
tornōdīm (first-person past plural)
tornōdīd (past plural second-person)
tornōn (plural present third-person)
tornōdīn (past plural third-person)
tornō (present singular)
tornōþ (plural present)
tornōndī (participle present)
tornōd (participle past)

Old Dutch: *tornon

q

Middle Dutch: tornen (conflated with the descendant of *trannijaną)

Dutch: tornen


tornōn

Old Saxon: *tornōn

Middle Low German: tornen, tōrnen

Old Dutch: *tornon

Middle Dutch: tornen, toornen

Dutch: toornen

Old High German: zornōn

Middle High German: zornen


timrōn

timrōn (infinitive)
timrōnijas (genitive infinitive)
timrōnijē (dative infinitive)
timrōniju (infinitive instrumental)
timrō (first-person present singular)
timrōdā (first-person past singular)
timrōs (present second-person singular)
timrōdēs (past second-person singular)
timrōdōs (past second-person singular)
timrōþ (present singular third-person)
timrōdē (past singular third-person)
timrōdā (past singular third-person)
timrōm (first-person plural present)
timrōdum (first-person past plural)
timrōþ (plural present second-person)
timrōdud (past plural second-person)
timrōnþ (plural present third-person)
timrōdun (past plural third-person)
timrōdī (first-person past singular)
timrōdī (past second-person singular)
timrō (present singular third-person)
timrōdī (past singular third-person)
timrōdīm (first-person past plural)
timrōdīd (past plural second-person)
timrōn (plural present third-person)
timrōdīn (past plural third-person)
timrō (present singular)
timrōþ (plural present)
timrōndī (participle present)
timrōd (participle past)

Old English: timbrian

Middle English: timbren

English: timber

Old Frisian: timbria, timmeria

North Frisian: timmerjen

Old Saxon: timbrōn

Middle Low German: timberen, timmeren

Old High German: zimbarōn

Middle High German: zimbern

German: zimmern

From Proto-Germanic *timrōną. Equivalent to *timr (“(act of) building; building, structure”) + *-ōn.


hungrōn

hungrōn (infinitive)
hungrōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hungrōnijē (dative infinitive)
hungrōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hungrō (first-person present singular)
hungrōdā (first-person past singular)
hungrōs (present second-person singular)
hungrōdēs (past second-person singular)
hungrōdōs (past second-person singular)
hungrōþ (present singular third-person)
hungrōdē (past singular third-person)
hungrōdā (past singular third-person)
hungrōm (first-person plural present)
hungrōdum (first-person past plural)
hungrōþ (plural present second-person)
hungrōdud (past plural second-person)
hungrōnþ (plural present third-person)
hungrōdun (past plural third-person)
hungrōdī (first-person past singular)
hungrōdī (past second-person singular)
hungrō (present singular third-person)
hungrōdī (past singular third-person)
hungrōdīm (first-person past plural)
hungrōdīd (past plural second-person)
hungrōn (plural present third-person)
hungrōdīn (past plural third-person)
hungrō (present singular)
hungrōþ (plural present)
hungrōndī (participle present)
hungrōd (participle past)

Old English: *hungrian

Middle English: hungren (merged with descendants of *hungrijan)

Scots: hungir

English: hunger

Old Frisian: hungeria

West Frisian: hongerje

Old High German: hungarōn

Middle High German: hungeren

Cimbrian: hungaran

German: hungern

From Proto-Germanic *hungrōną. Equivalent to *hungr (“hunger”) + *-ōn.


unnjalauk

unnjalauk (nominative singular)
unnjalaukō (nominative plural)
unnjalaukōs (nominative plural)
unnjalauk (accusative singular)
unnjalaukā (accusative plural)
unnjalaukas (genitive singular)
unnjalaukō (genitive plural)
unnjalaukē (dative singular)
unnjalaukum (dative plural)
unnjalauku (instrumental singular)
unnjalaukum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: ynnelēac, ynelēac, ennelēac, enelēac, ennelēc
Middle English: hinneleac, henneleac, hynneleac

Old Saxon: *unlōk

>? Middle Low German: ullôck, ulloch

Old High German: ullouh, unilouh

Middle High German: ullouch, ulloch

Central Franconian: Öllich

→? Dutch: ullich, aolike (dialectal)


unnjā

unnjā (nominative singular)
unnjōn (nominative plural)
unnjōn (accusative singular)
unnjōn (accusative plural)
unnjōn (genitive singular)
unnjōnō (genitive plural)
unnjōn (dative singular)
unnjōm (dative plural)
unnjum (dative plural)
unnjōn (instrumental singular)
unnjōm (instrumental plural)
unnjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *ynne

⇒ Old English: ynnelēac, ynelēac, ennelēac, enelēac, ennelēc
Middle English: hinneleac, henneleac, hynneleac

Old Dutch: *unna

Middle Dutch: *unne

desc

Limburgish: un, unne, unnen, unj, unje, ung (archaic)

Old High German: unna

Middle High German: *ünne

Central Franconian: Enn, Önn

German: Ünne

Luxembourgish: Ënn

Borrowed from Medieval Latin uniō and Latin ūniō.


slagōn

slagōn (infinitive)
slagōnijas (genitive infinitive)
slagōnijē (dative infinitive)
slagōniju (infinitive instrumental)
slagō (first-person present singular)
slagōdā (first-person past singular)
slagōs (present second-person singular)
slagōdēs (past second-person singular)
slagōdōs (past second-person singular)
slagōþ (present singular third-person)
slagōdē (past singular third-person)
slagōdā (past singular third-person)
slagōm (first-person plural present)
slagōdum (first-person past plural)
slagōþ (plural present second-person)
slagōdud (past plural second-person)
slagōnþ (plural present third-person)
slagōdun (past plural third-person)
slagōdī (first-person past singular)
slagōdī (past second-person singular)
slagō (present singular third-person)
slagōdī (past singular third-person)
slagōdīm (first-person past plural)
slagōdīd (past plural second-person)
slagōn (plural present third-person)
slagōdīn (past plural third-person)
slagō (present singular)
slagōþ (plural present)
slagōndī (participle present)
slagōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: slagia

Old Saxon: *slagōn

Middle Low German: slāgen

Old Dutch: *slagon

⇒ Old Dutch: upslagon

Middle Dutch: slagen

Dutch: slagen

Old High German: slagōn

Middle High German: slagen

German: schlagen (conflated with descendant of *slahan)

From Proto-Germanic *slagōną. Equivalent to *slag, *slagi (“blow, strike”) + *-ōn.


bukkōn

bukkōn (infinitive)
bukkōnijas (genitive infinitive)
bukkōnijē (dative infinitive)
bukkōniju (infinitive instrumental)
bukkō (first-person present singular)
bukkōdā (first-person past singular)
bukkōs (present second-person singular)
bukkōdēs (past second-person singular)
bukkōdōs (past second-person singular)
bukkōþ (present singular third-person)
bukkōdē (past singular third-person)
bukkōdā (past singular third-person)
bukkōm (first-person plural present)
bukkōdum (first-person past plural)
bukkōþ (plural present second-person)
bukkōdud (past plural second-person)
bukkōnþ (plural present third-person)
bukkōdun (past plural third-person)
bukkōdī (first-person past singular)
bukkōdī (past second-person singular)
bukkō (present singular third-person)
bukkōdī (past singular third-person)
bukkōdīm (first-person past plural)
bukkōdīd (past plural second-person)
bukkōn (plural present third-person)
bukkōdīn (past plural third-person)
bukkō (present singular)
bukkōþ (plural present)
bukkōndī (participle present)
bukkōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: bukkia

Old Saxon: *bukkōn

Middle Low German: bucken, bocken

→ Danish: bukke

Old Dutch: *bokkon

Middle Dutch: bocken

q

Dutch: bukken (merged with the descendant of *bukkjan)

→ English: buck

Old High German: *bukkōn

Middle High German: bucken, bocken


bolōn

bolōn (infinitive)
bolōnijas (genitive infinitive)
bolōnijē (dative infinitive)
bolōniju (infinitive instrumental)
bolō (first-person present singular)
bolōdā (first-person past singular)
bolōs (present second-person singular)
bolōdēs (past second-person singular)
bolōdōs (past second-person singular)
bolōþ (present singular third-person)
bolōdē (past singular third-person)
bolōdā (past singular third-person)
bolōm (first-person plural present)
bolōdum (first-person past plural)
bolōþ (plural present second-person)
bolōdud (past plural second-person)
bolōnþ (plural present third-person)
bolōdun (past plural third-person)
bolōdī (first-person past singular)
bolōdī (past second-person singular)
bolō (present singular third-person)
bolōdī (past singular third-person)
bolōdīm (first-person past plural)
bolōdīd (past plural second-person)
bolōn (plural present third-person)
bolōdīn (past plural third-person)
bolō (present singular)
bolōþ (plural present)
bolōndī (participle present)
bolōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: *bolia

West Frisian: bolje

Old Dutch:

Middle Dutch:

>? Dutch: bollen (the meaning "to roll, play with a ball" is dialectal, possbily backformed to bol)

Old High German: bolōn

Middle High German: bolen


klobu

klobu (nominative singular)
klobō (nominative plural)
klobā (accusative singular)
klobā (accusative plural)
klobā (genitive singular)
klobō (genitive plural)
klobē (dative singular)
klobōm (dative plural)
klobum (dative plural)
klobu (instrumental singular)
klobōm (instrumental plural)
klobum (instrumental plural)

Old English: clofu, clufu

desctree

Middle English: clove, clof, clowe
English: clove
Scots: clow

Related to *kleuban (“to split, cleave”).


klobulauk

klobulauk (nominative singular)
klobulaukō (nominative plural)
klobulaukōs (nominative plural)
klobulauk (accusative singular)
klobulaukā (accusative plural)
klobulaukas (genitive singular)
klobulaukō (genitive plural)
klobulaukē (dative singular)
klobulaukum (dative plural)
klobulauku (instrumental singular)
klobulaukum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: kluflōk

desc

Middle Low German: knuflôk, knufloek, knuflof, knufflôk, knuftlôk, knovelôk, kloflôk

German Low German:

East Frisian: Knuuvlook, Knoovlook

Low Prussian: Knobloch

Westphalian:

Sauerländisch: Knuffläof, Knaublauch (Brilon), Knubbelejek (Niedersfeld), Knoubluak (Attendorn), Knoblauch (Drolshagen), Knuffläoch (Kirchhundem), Kniuweläoch (Selbecke)

East Westphalian: Knublack (Lipp)

South Westphalian: Knuflaok (Dortmund)

→ Saterland Frisian: Knuuflok

→ Old Norse: kloflaukr (influenced in form by laukr)

Old Dutch: *kloflōk

Middle Dutch: knofloick, knuuflooch, cloffloc

Dutch: knoflook

→ West Frisian: knyflok

Old High German: klobalouh, klobilouh

Middle High German: knobelouch, knoblouch, klobelouch, knobelouch

German: Knoblauch

From *klobu, *klobi (“clove, bulb”) + *lauk (“leek”).


sporōn

sporōn (infinitive)
sporōnijas (genitive infinitive)
sporōnijē (dative infinitive)
sporōniju (infinitive instrumental)
sporō (first-person present singular)
sporōdā (first-person past singular)
sporōs (present second-person singular)
sporōdēs (past second-person singular)
sporōdōs (past second-person singular)
sporōþ (present singular third-person)
sporōdē (past singular third-person)
sporōdā (past singular third-person)
sporōm (first-person plural present)
sporōdum (first-person past plural)
sporōþ (plural present second-person)
sporōdud (past plural second-person)
sporōnþ (plural present third-person)
sporōdun (past plural third-person)
sporōdī (first-person past singular)
sporōdī (past second-person singular)
sporō (present singular third-person)
sporōdī (past singular third-person)
sporōdīm (first-person past plural)
sporōdīd (past plural second-person)
sporōn (plural present third-person)
sporōdīn (past plural third-person)
sporō (present singular)
sporōþ (plural present)
sporōndī (participle present)
sporōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: *sporia

West Frisian: spoarje, spoare

Old Saxon: *sporōn

Middle Low German: spōren

Old Dutch: *sporon

Middle Dutch: spōren

Dutch: sporen

From Proto-Germanic *spurōną. Equivalent to *spor (“track, trace”) + *-ōn.


sporōn

Old English: *sporian

desctree

Middle English: sporen, spuren, spurren, spore, spurie, sporie
English: spur
Scots: spur

Old Dutch: *sporon

Middle Dutch: spōren

Dutch: sporen

Old High German: sporōn

Middle High German: sporen

From Proto-Germanic *spurōną. Equivalent to *sporō (“spur”) + *-ōn.


lagōn

lagōn (infinitive)
lagōnijas (genitive infinitive)
lagōnijē (dative infinitive)
lagōniju (infinitive instrumental)
lagō (first-person present singular)
lagōdā (first-person past singular)
lagōs (present second-person singular)
lagōdēs (past second-person singular)
lagōdōs (past second-person singular)
lagōþ (present singular third-person)
lagōdē (past singular third-person)
lagōdā (past singular third-person)
lagōm (first-person plural present)
lagōdum (first-person past plural)
lagōþ (plural present second-person)
lagōdud (past plural second-person)
lagōnþ (plural present third-person)
lagōdun (past plural third-person)
lagōdī (first-person past singular)
lagōdī (past second-person singular)
lagō (present singular third-person)
lagōdī (past singular third-person)
lagōdīm (first-person past plural)
lagōdīd (past plural second-person)
lagōn (plural present third-person)
lagōdīn (past plural third-person)
lagō (present singular)
lagōþ (plural present)
lagōndī (participle present)
lagōd (participle past)

Old English: lagian
Middle English: *laȝen, lahen, *laghen, *lawen
English: law
Scots: law

Old Frisian: lagia


skindulā

skindulā (nominative singular)
skindulōn (nominative plural)
skindulōn (accusative singular)
skindulōn (accusative plural)
skindulōn (genitive singular)
skindulōnō (genitive plural)
skindulōn (dative singular)
skindulōm (dative plural)
skindulum (dative plural)
skindulōn (instrumental singular)
skindulōm (instrumental plural)
skindulum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sċindel, sċingul

desc

Middle English: *schindel, shyngle, shyngel, shengel

English: shindle, shingle

Old Saxon: skindala, skindula

Middle Low German: schindele, schingele

Plautdietsch: Schindel

Old Dutch: *skindala

Middle Dutch: scindele

Dutch: schindel

Old High German: skintala, scintala

Middle High German: schindele, schindel, schīndel

desctree

German: Schindel
→ Bulgarian: ши́нда (šínda), ши́ндра (šíndra)
→ Czech: šindel
→ Hungarian: zsindely
→ Romanian: șindrilă
→ Macedonian: шиндра (šindra)
→ Ladin: scintla
→ Polish: szyndzioł
→ Serbo-Croatian: ши̑ндра / šȋndra
→ Ottoman Turkish: شندره (şindere, şendere)
Turkish: şendere
→ Romanian: șindră
→ Slovak: šindel

Vilamovian: śynduł

Borrowed from Late Latin scindula, from Latin scandula.


skutilu

skutilu (nominative singular)
skutilō (nominative plural)
skutilā (accusative singular)
skutilā (accusative plural)
skutilā (genitive singular)
skutilō (genitive plural)
skutilē (dative singular)
skutilōm (dative plural)
skutilum (dative plural)
skutilu (instrumental singular)
skutilōm (instrumental plural)
skutilum (instrumental plural)

Old English: scutel

Middle English: scutel, scotel

English: scuttle

→ Old Norse: skutill

Old Saxon: skutala

desc

Middle Low German: schȫtel, schȫtele, schotele, schöttel, schöttele, schottel, schottele, schüttel, schütel, schütele, schüttele

German Low German: Schöttel

Old Dutch: *skutala

Middle Dutch: scotle, schotele, scotele

Dutch: schotel

Afrikaans: skottel

Old High German: skuzzila, scuzzila

Middle High German: schüzzel, schüzzele

Cimbrian: schüzzl

German: Schüssel

Luxembourgish: Schossel

Pennsylvania German: Schissel

Borrowed from Latin scutella and readjusted by instrumental suffix *-ilu.


borgōn

borgōn (infinitive)
borgōnijas (genitive infinitive)
borgōnijē (dative infinitive)
borgōniju (infinitive instrumental)
borgō (first-person present singular)
borgōdā (first-person past singular)
borgōs (present second-person singular)
borgōdēs (past second-person singular)
borgōdōs (past second-person singular)
borgōþ (present singular third-person)
borgōdē (past singular third-person)
borgōdā (past singular third-person)
borgōm (first-person plural present)
borgōdum (first-person past plural)
borgōþ (plural present second-person)
borgōdud (past plural second-person)
borgōnþ (plural present third-person)
borgōdun (past plural third-person)
borgōdī (first-person past singular)
borgōdī (past second-person singular)
borgō (present singular third-person)
borgōdī (past singular third-person)
borgōdīm (first-person past plural)
borgōdīd (past plural second-person)
borgōn (plural present third-person)
borgōdīn (past plural third-person)
borgō (present singular)
borgōþ (plural present)
borgōndī (participle present)
borgōd (participle past)

Old English: borgian, borġian

Middle English: borȝien, borwen

English: borrow

Old Frisian: borgia

West Frisian: boargje

Old Saxon: *borgōn

Middle Low German: borgen

Low German: borgen

desctree

Old Dutch: *borgon
Middle Dutch: borgen
Dutch: borgen
Afrikaans: borg

Old High German: borgōn, porcōn, borgēn

Middle High German: borgen

German: borgen

From Proto-Germanic *burgōną. Equivalent to *borg (“promise, debt”) + *-ōn.


maganōn

maganōn (infinitive)
maganōnijas (genitive infinitive)
maganōnijē (dative infinitive)
maganōniju (infinitive instrumental)
maganō (first-person present singular)
maganōdā (first-person past singular)
maganōs (present second-person singular)
maganōdēs (past second-person singular)
maganōdōs (past second-person singular)
maganōþ (present singular third-person)
maganōdē (past singular third-person)
maganōdā (past singular third-person)
maganōm (first-person plural present)
maganōdum (first-person past plural)
maganōþ (plural present second-person)
maganōdud (past plural second-person)
maganōnþ (plural present third-person)
maganōdun (past plural third-person)
maganōdī (first-person past singular)
maganōdī (past second-person singular)
maganō (present singular third-person)
maganōdī (past singular third-person)
maganōdīm (first-person past plural)
maganōdīd (past plural second-person)
maganōn (plural present third-person)
maganōdīn (past plural third-person)
maganō (present singular)
maganōþ (plural present)
maganōndī (participle present)
maganōd (participle past)
*maginōn (alternative)

Old English: *magnian

⇒ Old English: gemagnian

Old High German: *maganōn

⇒ Old High German: ubarmaganōn

From Proto-Germanic *maganōną. Equivalent to *magan (“power, variant of *magin”) + *-ōn.

suffix

power, variant of <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmw-pro">*magin</i>


maginōn

maginōn (infinitive)
maginōnijas (genitive infinitive)
maginōnijē (dative infinitive)
maginōniju (infinitive instrumental)
maginō (first-person present singular)
maginōdā (first-person past singular)
maginōs (present second-person singular)
maginōdēs (past second-person singular)
maginōdōs (past second-person singular)
maginōþ (present singular third-person)
maginōdē (past singular third-person)
maginōdā (past singular third-person)
maginōm (first-person plural present)
maginōdum (first-person past plural)
maginōþ (plural present second-person)
maginōdud (past plural second-person)
maginōnþ (plural present third-person)
maginōdun (past plural third-person)
maginōdī (first-person past singular)
maginōdī (past second-person singular)
maginō (present singular third-person)
maginōdī (past singular third-person)
maginōdīm (first-person past plural)
maginōdīd (past plural second-person)
maginōn (plural present third-person)
maginōdīn (past plural third-person)
maginō (present singular)
maginōþ (plural present)
maginōndī (participle present)
maginōd (participle past)
*maganōn (alternative)

Old English: mæġenian, mæġnian

⇒ Old English: ġemæġened

Old High German: *meginōn

⇒ Old High German: gimeginōn

⇒ Old High German: irmeginōn

⇒ Old High German: ubarmeginōn

Middle High German: übermegenen

From Proto-Germanic *maginōną. Equivalent to *magin (“power”) + *-ōn.


līkinōn

līkinōn (infinitive)
līkinōnijas (genitive infinitive)
līkinōnijē (dative infinitive)
līkinōniju (infinitive instrumental)
līkinō (first-person present singular)
līkinōdā (first-person past singular)
līkinōs (present second-person singular)
līkinōdēs (past second-person singular)
līkinōdōs (past second-person singular)
līkinōþ (present singular third-person)
līkinōdē (past singular third-person)
līkinōdā (past singular third-person)
līkinōm (first-person plural present)
līkinōdum (first-person past plural)
līkinōþ (plural present second-person)
līkinōdud (past plural second-person)
līkinōnþ (plural present third-person)
līkinōdun (past plural third-person)
līkinōdī (first-person past singular)
līkinōdī (past second-person singular)
līkinō (present singular third-person)
līkinōdī (past singular third-person)
līkinōdīm (first-person past plural)
līkinōdīd (past plural second-person)
līkinōn (plural present third-person)
līkinōdīn (past plural third-person)
līkinō (present singular)
līkinōþ (plural present)
līkinōndī (participle present)
līkinōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: līknia

Old Saxon: *līkinōn

Middle Low German: līkenen

Old High German: *līhhinōn

⇒ Old High German: gilīhhinōn


trahtārī

trahtārī (nominative singular)
trahtārijō (nominative plural)
trahtārijōs (nominative plural)
trahtārī (accusative singular)
trahtārijā (accusative plural)
trahtārijas (genitive singular)
trahtārijō (genitive plural)
trahtārijē (dative singular)
trahtārijum (dative plural)
trahtāriju (instrumental singular)
trahtārijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: tracter, trehtre

Old Saxon: trahtari

Middle Low German: trechtäre, trechter

German Low German: Trechter, Trichter

desctree

→ Danish: tragt
→ Faroese: trakt
→ Icelandic: trekt
→ Norwegian Bokmål: trakt
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: trakt

→ Swedish: tratt

Old Dutch: *trahtāri

desc

Middle Dutch: trachter, tracter, trechter, trichter

desctree

Dutch: trechter
Afrikaans: tregter
Negerhollands: trichter
→ Aukan: teekiti
→ Caribbean Hindustani: treki
→ West Frisian: trachter

desc

Old High German: trahtāri, trehteri, trihtere

Middle High German: trahtäre, trahter, trehter, trihter

German: Trichter

→ Czech: trychtýř

Borrowed from Late Latin tractārius, from Latin trāiectōrium.


strūcijō

strūcijō (nominative singular)
strūcijan (nominative plural)
strūcijan (accusative singular)
strūcijan (accusative plural)
strūcijini (genitive singular)
strūcijan (genitive singular)
strūcijanō (genitive plural)
strūcijini (dative singular)
strūcijan (dative singular)
strūcijum (dative plural)
strūcijini (instrumental singular)
strūcijan (instrumental singular)
strūcijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: strūta, strȳta

Old Saxon: *strūcio, strūd

Middle Low German: strûtse, strûse, strûts, strûs

German Low German: Struss

desctree

→ Old Norse: strúz
Danish: struds
Faroese: strutsur
Icelandic: strútur
Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: struts
Norwegian Nynorsk: struts
Swedish: struts
→ Finnish: strutsi

⇒ Middle Low German: strûsvōgel

Old Dutch: *strūzo

desc

Middle Dutch: strūce, struus, struys, strues

Dutch: struis

⇒ Dutch: struisvogel

desctree

Old High German: strūz, *strūzo
Middle High German: strūz, strouȥ
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Straus
Luxembourgish: Strauss
German: Strauß
Yiddish: שטרויס (shtroys)
→ Czech: pštros
→ Slovak: pštros

Borrowed from Late Latin strūciō, strūthiō.


braud

braud (nominative singular)
braudō (nominative plural)
braudōs (nominative plural)
braud (accusative singular)
braudā (accusative plural)
braudas (genitive singular)
braudō (genitive plural)
braudē (dative singular)
braudum (dative plural)
braudu (instrumental singular)
braudum (instrumental plural)

Old English: brēad, brēod
Middle English: bred, bredd, brede, breed, breede, breid, brid, bread, bræd, bryad, bryead
English: bread
Geordie English: breed
Scots: breid
Yola: breed

Old Frisian: brād
North Frisian:
Föhr-Amrum: braud
Karrharder: brüdj
Helgoland: Brooad
Mooring: brüüdj
Nordergoesharder: bruud
Sylt: Bruar
Wiedingharder: bruuid
Saterland Frisian: Brood
West Frisian: brea

Old Saxon: brōd

Middle Low German: brôt

Low German: Brod

German Low German: Broot

Plautdietsch: Broot

Old Dutch: *brōt
Middle Dutch: brôot
Dutch: brood
Afrikaans: brood
Berbice Creole Dutch: broto
Jersey Dutch: brôt
Negerhollands: brood, brot
Skepi Creole Dutch: brot
Limburgish: broead

Old High German: brōt, prōt, prooth, *brōd — northern variant
Middle High German: brōt, brōd
Alemannic German: Brot
Italian Walser: brot, broud, bruat, bròt, bröt
Bavarian: Brout, proat
Cimbrian: proat, pròat (Sette Comuni)
Mòcheno: proat
Central Franconian: Brot
Hunsrik: Brod
Luxembourgish: Brout
German: Brot
Pennsylvania German: Brot
Vilamovian: brūt
Yiddish: ברויט (broyt)

From Proto-Germanic *braudą, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-.


dimmōn

dimmōn (infinitive)
dimmōnijas (genitive infinitive)
dimmōnijē (dative infinitive)
dimmōniju (infinitive instrumental)
dimmō (first-person present singular)
dimmōdā (first-person past singular)
dimmōs (present second-person singular)
dimmōdēs (past second-person singular)
dimmōdōs (past second-person singular)
dimmōþ (present singular third-person)
dimmōdē (past singular third-person)
dimmōdā (past singular third-person)
dimmōm (first-person plural present)
dimmōdum (first-person past plural)
dimmōþ (plural present second-person)
dimmōdud (past plural second-person)
dimmōnþ (plural present third-person)
dimmōdun (past plural third-person)
dimmōdī (first-person past singular)
dimmōdī (past second-person singular)
dimmō (present singular third-person)
dimmōdī (past singular third-person)
dimmōdīm (first-person past plural)
dimmōdīd (past plural second-person)
dimmōn (plural present third-person)
dimmōdīn (past plural third-person)
dimmō (present singular)
dimmōþ (plural present)
dimmōndī (participle present)
dimmōd (participle past)

Old English: dimmian

Middle English: dimmen

English: dim

→ Dutch: dimmen

→ German: dimmen

Scots: dim

From Proto-Germanic *dimmōną. Equivalent to *dimm (“dim, dark”) + *-ōn.


feturōn

feturōn (infinitive)
feturōnijas (genitive infinitive)
feturōnijē (dative infinitive)
feturōniju (infinitive instrumental)
feturō (first-person present singular)
feturōdā (first-person past singular)
feturōs (present second-person singular)
feturōdēs (past second-person singular)
feturōdōs (past second-person singular)
feturōþ (present singular third-person)
feturōdē (past singular third-person)
feturōdā (past singular third-person)
feturōm (first-person plural present)
feturōdum (first-person past plural)
feturōþ (plural present second-person)
feturōdud (past plural second-person)
feturōnþ (plural present third-person)
feturōdun (past plural third-person)
feturōdī (first-person past singular)
feturōdī (past second-person singular)
feturō (present singular third-person)
feturōdī (past singular third-person)
feturōdīm (first-person past plural)
feturōdīd (past plural second-person)
feturōn (plural present third-person)
feturōdīn (past plural third-person)
feturō (present singular)
feturōþ (plural present)
feturōndī (participle present)
feturōd (participle past)

Old English: *feterian

⇒ Old English: gefeterian

Middle English: feteren

English: fetter

Old Frisian: fiteria

West Frisian: fiterje

Old Dutch: *feteron

Middle Dutch: vēteren

Dutch: veteren

Old High German: fezzarōn

Middle High German: fezzeren

From Proto-Germanic *feturōną. Equivalent to *fetur (“fetter”) + *-ōn.


sauʀijan

sauʀijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
sauʀijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
sauʀijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
sauʀijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
sauʀiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
sauʀidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sauʀisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
sauʀidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sauʀidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sauʀiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
sauʀidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sauʀidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sauʀijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
sauʀidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sauʀiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
sauʀidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
sauʀijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
sauʀidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sauʀijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
sauʀidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sauʀijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
sauʀidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sauʀijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
sauʀidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sauʀijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
sauʀidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sauʀijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
sauʀidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
sauʀijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
sauʀidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sauʀi (class-1 present singular weak)
sauʀiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
sauʀijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
sauʀid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *sōrian

Middle Low German: sȫren

Old Dutch: *sōren

Middle Dutch: sôren (merged with descendant of *sauʀēn)

Dutch: zoren (dialectal)

From Proto-Germanic *sauzijaną. Equivalent to *sauʀ (“dry”) + *-jan.


sauʀēn

sauʀēn (infinitive)
sauʀēnijas (genitive infinitive)
sauʀēnijē (dative infinitive)
sauʀēniju (infinitive instrumental)
sauʀē (first-person present singular)
sauʀ?dā (first-person past singular)
sauʀēs (present second-person singular)
sauʀ?dēs (past second-person singular)
sauʀēþ (present singular third-person)
sauʀ?dē (past singular third-person)
sauʀ?dā (past singular third-person)
sauʀēm (first-person plural present)
sauʀ?dum (first-person past plural)
sauʀēþ (plural present second-person)
sauʀ?dud (past plural second-person)
sauʀēnþ (plural present third-person)
sauʀ?dun (past plural third-person)
sauʀ?dī (first-person past singular)
sauʀ?dī (past second-person singular)
sauʀē (present singular third-person)
sauʀ?dī (past singular third-person)
sauʀ?dīm (first-person past plural)
sauʀ?dīd (past plural second-person)
sauʀēn (plural present third-person)
sauʀ?dīn (past plural third-person)
sauʀē (present singular)
sauʀēþ (plural present)
sauʀēndī (participle present)
sauʀ?d (participle past)

Old English: sēarian

Middle English: seren

English: sear

Old Saxon: *sōrōn

Middle Low German: sôren

desctree

Old Dutch: *sōron
Middle Dutch: sôren
Dutch: zoren (dialectal)

Old High German: *sōrēn

⇒ Old High German: irsōrēn

Middle High German: sōren


fenestr

fenestr (nominative singular)
fenestru (nominative plural)
fenestr (accusative singular)
fenestru (accusative plural)
fenestras (genitive singular)
fenestrō (genitive plural)
fenestrē (dative singular)
fenestrum (dative plural)
fenestru (instrumental singular)
fenestrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: fenester
Middle English: fenestre, fenester

Old Frisian: finestre

West Frisian: finster, finstre

Saterland Frisian: finstere

Old Saxon: *fenstar n, *fenestra f

desc

Middle Low German: venster, fenster, venstere, vinster, vinstere

German Low German: Finster

→ Old Swedish: fynster, finster

Swedish: fönster

Old Dutch: fenstar

Middle Dutch: venster, venstre, veinster

desctree

Dutch: venster
Afrikaans: venster
→ Fanagalo: festel
→ Sotho: fenstere
→ Xhosa: ifestile
→ Zulu: ifasitela
Berbice Creole Dutch: fensre
Jersey Dutch: väänster, fäängster
Negerhollands: fenter, venstu, venster
Sranan Tongo: fensre
Aukan: fensee
Saramaccan: fensë
→ Caribbean Javanese: fénsré
→ Kari'na: fensere
→ Lokono: penster

→ West Frisian: veister

desctree

Old High German: fenstar n, finestra, fenestra f
Middle High German: venster n or f, fenster
Alemannic German: Pfeister, Pfäischter, Feister, Fäischter, Pfenster
Swabian: Fenschdr, Feaschter
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: béestar
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Fenster
Luxembourgish: Fënster
East Central German:
Erzgebirgisch: Fansder
Upper Saxon German: Fensdor
Vilamovian: faonster
East Franconian:
German: Fenster
→ English: fenster
→ North Frisian: Fenster
Rhine Franconian:
Frankfurterisch: [fenz̥d̥æ̆]
Palatine German: Fenschder
Pennsylvania German: Fenschder
Yiddish: פֿענצטער (fentster)


druppjan

druppjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
druppjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
druppjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
druppjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
druppju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
drupidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
drupisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
drupidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
drupidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
drupiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
drupidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
drupidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
druppjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
drupidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
drupiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
drupidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
druppjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
drupidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
druppjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
drupidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
druppjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
drupidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
druppjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
drupidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
druppjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
drupidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
druppjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
drupidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
druppjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
drupidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
drupi (class-1 present singular weak)
drupiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
druppjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
drupid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: dryppan

Middle English: drippen

English: drip

Old Frisian: *drippa

West Frisian: drippe, dripje

Old Saxon: *drupian

Middle Low German: dröppen, drüppen

Dutch: *druppen

q

Middle Dutch: druppen, droppen (likely conflated with the descendant of *droppōn)

Dutch: druppen

Old High German: *trupfen

Middle High German: trüpfen

From *dropō (“a drop of liquid”) + *-jan.


fruht

fruht (nominative singular)
fruhtu (nominative plural)
fruht (accusative singular)
fruhtu (accusative plural)
frohtas (genitive singular)
frohtō (genitive plural)
fruhtē (dative singular)
fruhtum (dative plural)
fruhtu (instrumental singular)
fruhtum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: frucht

North Frisian: frücht

Saterland Frisian: Frucht

West Frisian: frucht

Old Saxon: fruht

desc

Middle Low German: vrucht, frucht, vrocht

German Low German: Frucht

Plautdietsch: Frucht

→ Old Norse: fruktr

Danish: frugt
→ Faroese: frukt

Norwegian: frukt

Old Swedish: frukt

Swedish: frukt

desctree

Old Dutch: fruht
Middle Dutch: vrucht
Dutch: vrucht
Afrikaans: vrug
Berbice Creole Dutch: fruktu
Jersey Dutch: vrœxt
Negerhollands: vrucht, vrygt
Petjo: fruh
→ Javanese: fruktu
→ Sranan Tongo: froktu, fruktu (see there for further descendants)
Limburgish: vröch

Old High German: fruht

Middle High German: fruht, vruht

Alemannic German: Frucht

Bavarian: Frucht

desc

Central Franconian: Frooch, Frocht, Frut, Fruucht

Hunsrik: Frucht

Luxembourgish: Fruucht

East Central German:

Vilamovian: fru̇ht

German: Frucht

Rhine Franconian: Frocht, Froucht, Frucht, Fruucht

Yiddish: פֿרוכט (frukht)


droppōn

droppōn (infinitive)
droppōnijas (genitive infinitive)
droppōnijē (dative infinitive)
droppōniju (infinitive instrumental)
droppō (first-person present singular)
droppōdā (first-person past singular)
droppōs (present second-person singular)
droppōdēs (past second-person singular)
droppōdōs (past second-person singular)
droppōþ (present singular third-person)
droppōdē (past singular third-person)
droppōdā (past singular third-person)
droppōm (first-person plural present)
droppōdum (first-person past plural)
droppōþ (plural present second-person)
droppōdud (past plural second-person)
droppōnþ (plural present third-person)
droppōdun (past plural third-person)
droppōdī (first-person past singular)
droppōdī (past second-person singular)
droppō (present singular third-person)
droppōdī (past singular third-person)
droppōdīm (first-person past plural)
droppōdīd (past plural second-person)
droppōn (plural present third-person)
droppōdīn (past plural third-person)
droppō (present singular)
droppōþ (plural present)
droppōndī (participle present)
droppōd (participle past)

Old English: droppian, dropian

Middle English: droppen

English: drop

Old Saxon: *dropōn

Middle Low German: drōpen

Old Dutch: droppon

q

Middle Dutch: droppen, *drubben, druppen (likely conflated with the descendant of *druppjan)

Dutch: druppen, drubben

Afrikaans: drup

Old High German: tropfōn

Middle High German: tropfen

German: tropfen


gīslōn

gīslōn (infinitive)
gīslōnijas (genitive infinitive)
gīslōnijē (dative infinitive)
gīslōniju (infinitive instrumental)
gīslō (first-person present singular)
gīslōdā (first-person past singular)
gīslōs (present second-person singular)
gīslōdēs (past second-person singular)
gīslōdōs (past second-person singular)
gīslōþ (present singular third-person)
gīslōdē (past singular third-person)
gīslōdā (past singular third-person)
gīslōm (first-person plural present)
gīslōdum (first-person past plural)
gīslōþ (plural present second-person)
gīslōdud (past plural second-person)
gīslōnþ (plural present third-person)
gīslōdun (past plural third-person)
gīslōdī (first-person past singular)
gīslōdī (past second-person singular)
gīslō (present singular third-person)
gīslōdī (past singular third-person)
gīslōdīm (first-person past plural)
gīslōdīd (past plural second-person)
gīslōn (plural present third-person)
gīslōdīn (past plural third-person)
gīslō (present singular)
gīslōþ (plural present)
gīslōndī (participle present)
gīslōd (participle past)

Old English: gīslian

Middle English: gislen

Old Frisian: gīslia

West Frisian: gizelje

Old Saxon: *gīslōn

Middle Low German: gîselen, gîseln

Old Dutch: *gīslon

Middle Dutch: giselen

Dutch: gijzelen

Old High German: *gīslōn

Middle High German: gīselen, gīseln

German: geiseln

From Proto-Germanic *gīslōną. Equivalent to *gīsl (“hostage”) + *-ōn.


hlamōn

hlamōn (infinitive)
hlamōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hlamōnijē (dative infinitive)
hlamōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hlamō (first-person present singular)
hlamōdā (first-person past singular)
hlamōs (present second-person singular)
hlamōdēs (past second-person singular)
hlamōdōs (past second-person singular)
hlamōþ (present singular third-person)
hlamōdē (past singular third-person)
hlamōdā (past singular third-person)
hlamōm (first-person plural present)
hlamōdum (first-person past plural)
hlamōþ (plural present second-person)
hlamōdud (past plural second-person)
hlamōnþ (plural present third-person)
hlamōdun (past plural third-person)
hlamōdī (first-person past singular)
hlamōdī (past second-person singular)
hlamō (present singular third-person)
hlamōdī (past singular third-person)
hlamōdīm (first-person past plural)
hlamōdīd (past plural second-person)
hlamōn (plural present third-person)
hlamōdīn (past plural third-person)
hlamō (present singular)
hlamōþ (plural present)
hlamōndī (participle present)
hlamōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: hlamōn

Old High German: lamōn, hlamōn

From Proto-Germanic *hlammōną, West Germanic generalized the stem variant *hlam-.


wībōn

wībōn (infinitive)
wībōnijas (genitive infinitive)
wībōnijē (dative infinitive)
wībōniju (infinitive instrumental)
wībō (first-person present singular)
wībōdā (first-person past singular)
wībōs (present second-person singular)
wībōdēs (past second-person singular)
wībōdōs (past second-person singular)
wībōþ (present singular third-person)
wībōdē (past singular third-person)
wībōdā (past singular third-person)
wībōm (first-person plural present)
wībōdum (first-person past plural)
wībōþ (plural present second-person)
wībōdud (past plural second-person)
wībōnþ (plural present third-person)
wībōdun (past plural third-person)
wībōdī (first-person past singular)
wībōdī (past second-person singular)
wībō (present singular third-person)
wībōdī (past singular third-person)
wībōdīm (first-person past plural)
wībōdīd (past plural second-person)
wībōn (plural present third-person)
wībōdīn (past plural third-person)
wībō (present singular)
wībōþ (plural present)
wībōndī (participle present)
wībōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: wīfian
Middle English: wiven
English: wive
Scots: wife, wyfe, wive

Old Frisian: wīvia

West Frisian: wiifje

Old Saxon: *wīvōn

Middle Low German: wīven

Old Dutch: *wīvon
Middle Dutch: wiven
Dutch: wijven (obsolete)

Old High German: *wībōn

Middle High German: wīben

German: weiben (dialectal)


brakōn

brakōn (infinitive)
brakōnijas (genitive infinitive)
brakōnijē (dative infinitive)
brakōniju (infinitive instrumental)
brakō (first-person present singular)
brakōdā (first-person past singular)
brakōs (present second-person singular)
brakōdēs (past second-person singular)
brakōdōs (past second-person singular)
brakōþ (present singular third-person)
brakōdē (past singular third-person)
brakōdā (past singular third-person)
brakōm (first-person plural present)
brakōdum (first-person past plural)
brakōþ (plural present second-person)
brakōdud (past plural second-person)
brakōnþ (plural present third-person)
brakōdun (past plural third-person)
brakōdī (first-person past singular)
brakōdī (past second-person singular)
brakō (present singular third-person)
brakōdī (past singular third-person)
brakōdīm (first-person past plural)
brakōdīd (past plural second-person)
brakōn (plural present third-person)
brakōdīn (past plural third-person)
brakō (present singular)
brakōþ (plural present)
brakōndī (participle present)
brakōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: *brakia

West Frisian: braakje, brake

Old Saxon: brakōn

Old Dutch: *brakon

Middle Dutch: brāken

Dutch: braken

Old High German: *brahhōn

Middle High German: brachen

From Proto-Germanic *brakōną. Equivalent to *brak (“burst, crack”) + *-ōn.


þrammōn

þrammōn (infinitive)
þrammōnijas (genitive infinitive)
þrammōnijē (dative infinitive)
þrammōniju (infinitive instrumental)
þrammō (first-person present singular)
þrammōdā (first-person past singular)
þrammōs (present second-person singular)
þrammōdēs (past second-person singular)
þrammōdōs (past second-person singular)
þrammōþ (present singular third-person)
þrammōdē (past singular third-person)
þrammōdā (past singular third-person)
þrammōm (first-person plural present)
þrammōdum (first-person past plural)
þrammōþ (plural present second-person)
þrammōdud (past plural second-person)
þrammōnþ (plural present third-person)
þrammōdun (past plural third-person)
þrammōdī (first-person past singular)
þrammōdī (past second-person singular)
þrammō (present singular third-person)
þrammōdī (past singular third-person)
þrammōdīm (first-person past plural)
þrammōdīd (past plural second-person)
þrammōn (plural present third-person)
þrammōdīn (past plural third-person)
þrammō (present singular)
þrammōþ (plural present)
þrammōndī (participle present)
þrammōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *þrammōn

Middle Low German: drammen

Old Dutch: *þrammon

Middle Dutch: drammen

Dutch: drammen


mūrā

mūrā (nominative singular)
mūrōn (nominative plural)
mūrōn (accusative singular)
mūrōn (accusative plural)
mūrōn (genitive singular)
mūrōnō (genitive plural)
mūrōn (dative singular)
mūrōm (dative plural)
mūrum (dative plural)
mūrōn (instrumental singular)
mūrōm (instrumental plural)
mūrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: mūr m

Middle English: mur (contaminated by Old French)

English: mure

→ Old Norse: múrr

Danish: mur

Faroese: múrur

Icelandic: múr

Norwegian: mur

→ Swedish: mur
→ Finnish: muuri

Old Frisian: mūre

West Frisian: muorre

Old Saxon: mūra

desc

Middle Low German: mûre, mü̂re, müre, myre, more, möre, mûr, mü̂r, mör

German Low German: Müre, Müür

desctree

Old Dutch: mūra
Middle Dutch: muur
Dutch: muur
Afrikaans: muur
Negerhollands: muur
Limburgish: moer
West Flemish: meur

Old High German: mūra, mūri, mūri
Middle High German: mūre, miure, mūr, miur
Alemannic German: Muur
Central Franconian: Mouer (Moselle)
Hunsrik: Mauer
Luxembourgish: Mauer
German: Mauer
Rhine Franconian: Mauer, Muur
Frankfurterisch: [mauæ̆]
Yiddish: מויער (moyer)
→ Polish: mur (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Latin mūrus, from Proto-Italic *moiros, from Proto-Indo-European *mey- + *-rós.


gamalōn

gamalōn (infinitive)
gamalōnijas (genitive infinitive)
gamalōnijē (dative infinitive)
gamalōniju (infinitive instrumental)
gamalō (first-person present singular)
gamalōdā (first-person past singular)
gamalōs (present second-person singular)
gamalōdēs (past second-person singular)
gamalōdōs (past second-person singular)
gamalōþ (present singular third-person)
gamalōdē (past singular third-person)
gamalōdā (past singular third-person)
gamalōm (first-person plural present)
gamalōdum (first-person past plural)
gamalōþ (plural present second-person)
gamalōdud (past plural second-person)
gamalōnþ (plural present third-person)
gamalōdun (past plural third-person)
gamalōdī (first-person past singular)
gamalōdī (past second-person singular)
gamalō (present singular third-person)
gamalōdī (past singular third-person)
gamalōdīm (first-person past plural)
gamalōdīd (past plural second-person)
gamalōn (plural present third-person)
gamalōdīn (past plural third-person)
gamalō (present singular)
gamalōþ (plural present)
gamalōndī (participle present)
gamalōd (participle past)

Old English: gamelian

Old Saxon: *gamalōn

Middle Low German: gammelen