reukan

reukan (infinitive)
reukannjas (genitive infinitive)
reukannjē (dative infinitive)
reukannju (infinitive instrumental)
reuku (first-person present singular)
rauk (first-person past singular)
riukiʀi (present second-person singular)
rukī (past second-person singular)
riukidi (present singular third-person)
rauk (past singular third-person)
reukum (first-person plural present)
rukum (first-person past plural)
riukid (plural present second-person)
rukud (past plural second-person)
reukand (plural present third-person)
rukun (past plural third-person)
reukē (first-person present singular)
rukī (first-person past singular)
reukēs (present second-person singular)
reukē (present singular third-person)
rukī (past singular third-person)
reukēm (first-person plural present)
rukīm (first-person past plural)
reukēþ (plural present second-person)
rukīd (past plural second-person)
reukēn (plural present third-person)
rukīn (past plural third-person)
riuk (present singular)
riukid (plural present)
reukandī (participle present)
rokan (participle past)

Old English: rēocan

Middle English: reken

Scots: rek, reke, reik

English: reek

Old Frisian: riāka

North Frisian: röke

West Frisian: reekje

Old Saxon: *riokan, *rūkan

Middle Low German: rêken, rûken

Low German: rüken

→ Saterland Frisian: ruuke

→ West Frisian: rûke

Old Dutch: riecan, riekan, riechon, ruecon
Middle Dutch: ruken
Dutch: ruiken, rieken
Afrikaans: ruik
Limburgish: ruke

Old High German: riohhan

Middle High German: riechen

German: riechen

Bavarian: riacha

Luxembourgish: richen


þraki

þraki (nominative singular)
þrakkjō (nominative plural)
þrakkjōs (nominative plural)
þraki (accusative singular)
þrakkjā (accusative plural)
þrakkjas (genitive singular)
þrakkjō (genitive plural)
þrakkjē (dative singular)
þrakkjum (dative plural)
þrakkju (instrumental singular)
þrakkjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þreahs, þreax

Old Frisian: threkk

>? Saterland Frisian: Dräk (possibly borrowed from Low German)

>? West Frisian: drek (possibly borrowed from Dutch)

Old Saxon: *threkk

Middle Low German: dreck

German Low German: Dreck

Old Dutch: *threc

Middle Dutch: drec

Dutch: drek

Afrikaans: drek

Old High German: threc (in compound mūsthrec)

Middle High German: drëc

Cimbrian: drèkh

desctree

German: Dreck
→ Czech: drek
→ Kashubian: drëk
→ Serbo-Croatian: дре̏к (drȅk)
→ Slovene: drȅk

Luxembourgish: Dreck

Yiddish: דרעק (drek)
→ English: dreck, drek
→ Russian: дрек (drɛk)


raukijan

raukijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
raukijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
raukijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
raukijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
raukiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
raukidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
raukisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
raukidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
raukidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
raukiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
raukidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
raukidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
raukijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
raukidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
raukiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
raukidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
raukijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
raukidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
raukijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
raukidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
raukijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
raukidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
raukijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
raukidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
raukijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
raukidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
raukijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
raukidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
raukijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
raukidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
rauki (class-1 present singular weak)
raukiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
raukijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
raukid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: rīeċan

Old Frisian: rēka, rētza

West Frisian: rikje

Old Saxon: *rōkian

Middle Low German: rôken, rö̂ken

German Low German: roken, röken

→ Saterland Frisian: rookje

Old Dutch: rōken

Middle Dutch: rôken
Dutch: roken
Limburgish: rouke, ruike

Old High German: rouhhen

Middle High German: rouchen, röuchen

German: rauchen, (obsolete) räuchen

Luxembourgish: raachen

⇒ Middle High German: röuchern (15th c.)

German: räuchern

Luxembourgish: reecheren

Yiddish: רײכערן (reykhern)

From Proto-Germanic *raukijaną. Equivalent to *rauki (“smoke”) + *-jan.


flikkī

flikkī (nominative singular)
flikkiju (nominative plural)
flikkī (accusative singular)
flikkiju (accusative plural)
flikkijas (genitive singular)
flikkijō (genitive plural)
flikkijē (dative singular)
flikkijum (dative plural)
flikkiju (instrumental singular)
flikkijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: fliċċe

Middle English: flicche
English: flitch
Scots: fleech

Old Saxon: *flikki

desc

Middle Low German: vlicke f; vlek, vlecke m or n

→ Middle High German: vlecke, vlec m (“piece of skin, webbed membrane, piece of entrails, tripe”)

Old Dutch: *flikki

Middle Dutch: vlicke, vlecke, vlec n

Dutch: vlik, vlek (dialectal)

→ Picard Old French: flec

gl

Middle French: fleche f (merged with Old French fliche from Old Norse flikki)

French: flèche

From Proto-Germanic *flikkiją, from Proto-Germanic *flekkaz (“piece, fleck”).


stukkī

stukkī (nominative singular)
stukkiju (nominative plural)
stukkī (accusative singular)
stukkiju (accusative plural)
stukkijas (genitive singular)
stukkijō (genitive plural)
stukkijē (dative singular)
stukkijum (dative plural)
stukkiju (instrumental singular)
stukkijum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: styċċe, stiċċe, stiċ (sometimes in compounds), styċġċe — Anglian
Middle English: stucche, stecche, stech, steche, sticche, stitche, stuche
⇒ English: stitch meale, stitchmeal (“by piece, in separate pieces”) (possibly continuing Old English styċċemǣlum)
→ English: styca (possibly via Middle Latin styca)
⇒? English: stuckling

Old Frisian: stekk

Saterland Frisian: Stuk

West Frisian: stik

Old Saxon: stukki

Middle Low German: stücke

German Low German: Stück

Plautdietsch: Stekj

Old Dutch: *stukki, *stikki, -stic (in toponyms)

desc

Middle Dutch: stucke, stuc, sticke, stic

Dutch: stuk, stik (in compounds)

Afrikaans: stuk

West Flemish: stik

→ Middle English: stic

English: stick, steck

Scots: stick, steck

desctree

Old High German: stucki, stukki, stucchi, stuhhi
Middle High German: stucke, stück, stuck
Alemannic German: Stuck, Stucke, Stucki, Stück, Stücke, Stücki
Bavarian: Stuck, Stick (latter influenced by diminutive and/or Standard German)
Central Franconian: Stöck, Steck
Luxembourgish: Stéck
East Central German:
Upper Saxon German: Stigg, Stigge
German: Stück
Yiddish: שטיק (shtik)
→ English: shtick
→ Old Polish: sztuka
Polish: sztuka, śtuka (Near Masovian, Lasovia)
→ Russian: шту́ка (štúka)
Silesian: sztuka
→ Italian: stucco
→ English: stucco
→ Spanish: estuco
→ French: stuc
→ Dutch: stuc
→ Portuguese: estuque
→ German: Stuck


fangī

fangī (masculine nominative singular)
fangiju (feminine nominative singular)
fangī (neuter nominative singular)
fangijanā (accusative masculine singular)
fangijā (accusative feminine singular)
fangī (accusative neuter singular)
fangijas (genitive masculine singular)
fangijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
fangijas (genitive neuter singular)
fangijumē (dative masculine singular)
fangijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
fangijumē (dative neuter singular)
fangiju (instrumental masculine singular)
fangijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
fangiju (instrumental neuter singular)
fangijē (masculine nominative plural)
fangijō (feminine nominative plural)
fangiju (neuter nominative plural)
fangijā (accusative masculine plural)
fangijā (accusative feminine plural)
fangiju (accusative neuter plural)
fangijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
fangijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
fangijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
fangijēm (dative masculine plural)
fangijum (dative masculine plural)
fangijēm (dative feminine plural)
fangijum (dative feminine plural)
fangijēm (dative neuter plural)
fangijum (dative neuter plural)
fangijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
fangijum (instrumental masculine plural)
fangijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
fangijum (feminine instrumental plural)
fangijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
fangijum (instrumental neuter plural)

⇒ Old English: andfenge

Old Frisian: fensze, fendze

Old High German: *fengi

Middle High German: venge

From Proto-Germanic *fangiz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


gangī

gangī (masculine nominative singular)
gangiju (feminine nominative singular)
gangī (neuter nominative singular)
gangijanā (accusative masculine singular)
gangijā (accusative feminine singular)
gangī (accusative neuter singular)
gangijas (genitive masculine singular)
gangijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
gangijas (genitive neuter singular)
gangijumē (dative masculine singular)
gangijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
gangijumē (dative neuter singular)
gangiju (instrumental masculine singular)
gangijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
gangiju (instrumental neuter singular)
gangijē (masculine nominative plural)
gangijō (feminine nominative plural)
gangiju (neuter nominative plural)
gangijā (accusative masculine plural)
gangijā (accusative feminine plural)
gangiju (accusative neuter plural)
gangijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
gangijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
gangijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
gangijēm (dative masculine plural)
gangijum (dative masculine plural)
gangijēm (dative feminine plural)
gangijum (dative feminine plural)
gangijēm (dative neuter plural)
gangijum (dative neuter plural)
gangijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
gangijum (instrumental masculine plural)
gangijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
gangijum (feminine instrumental plural)
gangijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
gangijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: genġe
Middle English: genge (early)

Old Frisian: genze, ginse

Old Saxon: *gengi

Middle Low German: genge, ginge

Old Dutch: *gengi

Middle Dutch: genge

Old High German: gengi

Middle High German: genge

German: gänge, gäng

From Proto-Germanic *gangiz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


swōgi

swōgi (nominative singular)
swōgī (nominative plural)
swōgi (accusative singular)
swōgī (accusative plural)
swōgī (genitive singular)
swōgijō (genitive plural)
swōgī (dative singular)
swōgim (dative plural)
swōgijum (dative plural)
swōgī (instrumental singular)
swōgim (instrumental plural)
swōgijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: swēġ, swœ̄ġ
Middle English: swei, sweȝ


beugan

beugan (infinitive)
beugannjas (genitive infinitive)
beugannjē (dative infinitive)
beugannju (infinitive instrumental)
beugu (first-person present singular)
baug (first-person past singular)
biugiʀi (present second-person singular)
bugī (past second-person singular)
biugidi (present singular third-person)
baug (past singular third-person)
beugum (first-person plural present)
bugum (first-person past plural)
biugid (plural present second-person)
bugud (past plural second-person)
beugand (plural present third-person)
bugun (past plural third-person)
beugē (first-person present singular)
bugī (first-person past singular)
beugēs (present second-person singular)
beugē (present singular third-person)
bugī (past singular third-person)
beugēm (first-person plural present)
bugīm (first-person past plural)
beugēþ (plural present second-person)
bugīd (past plural second-person)
beugēn (plural present third-person)
bugīn (past plural third-person)
biug (present singular)
biugid (plural present)
beugandī (participle present)
bogan (participle past)

Old English: būgan
Middle English: bowen, bouȝen, buȝen, bouwen, buwen, bowe
English: (to) bow
Scots: (to) boo

Old Saxon: būgan
Middle Low German: būgen
Low German: bugen

Old Dutch: *būgan
Middle Dutch: bugen
Dutch: buigen
Limburgish: buge

Old High German: biogan
Middle High German: biegen
German: biegen
Luxembourgish: béien


baugijan

baugijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
baugijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
baugijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
baugijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
baugiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
baugidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
baugisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
baugidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
baugidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
baugiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
baugidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
baugidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
baugijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
baugidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
baugiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
baugidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
baugijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
baugidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
baugijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
baugidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
baugijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
baugidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
baugijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
baugidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
baugijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
baugidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
baugijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
baugidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
baugijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
baugidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
baugi (class-1 present singular weak)
baugiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
baugijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
baugid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: bīeġan, bīġan, bȳġan

Middle English: bēgen

English: bay, bebay

Old Frisian: bēia

North Frisian: boje

Saterland Frisian: beegje

West Frisian: bûgje

Old Saxon: bōgian

Middle Low German: bȫgen

Low German: bögen

Old Dutch: bōgen
Middle Dutch: bôgen

Old High German: bougen

Middle High German: bougen

German: beugen

Yiddish: בייגן (beygn)


balgijan

balgijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
balgijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
balgijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
balgijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
balgiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
balgidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
balgisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
balgidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
balgidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
balgiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
balgidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
balgidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
balgijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
balgidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
balgiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
balgidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
balgijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
balgidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
balgijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
balgidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
balgijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
balgidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
balgijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
balgidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
balgijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
balgidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
balgijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
balgidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
balgijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
balgidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
balgi (class-1 present singular weak)
balgiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
balgijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
balgid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: belgian

Old High German: belgen

Middle High German: belgen


hnīgan

hnīgan (infinitive)
hnīgannjas (genitive infinitive)
hnīgannjē (dative infinitive)
hnīgannju (infinitive instrumental)
hnīgu (first-person present singular)
hnaig (first-person past singular)
hnīgiʀi (present second-person singular)
hnigī (past second-person singular)
hnīgidi (present singular third-person)
hnaig (past singular third-person)
hnīgum (first-person plural present)
hnigum (first-person past plural)
hnīgid (plural present second-person)
hnigud (past plural second-person)
hnīgand (plural present third-person)
hnigun (past plural third-person)
hnīgē (first-person present singular)
hnigī (first-person past singular)
hnīgēs (present second-person singular)
hnīgē (present singular third-person)
hnigī (past singular third-person)
hnīgēm (first-person plural present)
hnigīm (first-person past plural)
hnīgēþ (plural present second-person)
hnigīd (past plural second-person)
hnīgēn (plural present third-person)
hnigīn (past plural third-person)
hnīg (present singular)
hnīgid (plural present)
hnīgandī (participle present)
hnigan (participle past)

Old English: hnīgan

Old Frisian: hnīga

Old Saxon: hnīgan

Middle Low German: nîgen

Old Dutch: *nīgan
Middle Dutch: nigen
Dutch: nijgen
Afrikaans: nyg
Limburgish: niege

Old High German: nīgan

Middle High German: nīgen

q

merged with <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*hnaigijaną</i>

German: neigen (merged with *hnaigijaną)


hnaigijan

hnaigijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hnaigijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hnaigijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hnaigijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hnaigiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hnaigidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hnaigisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hnaigidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hnaigidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hnaigiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hnaigidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hnaigidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hnaigijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hnaigidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hnaigiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hnaigidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hnaigijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hnaigidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hnaigijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hnaigidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hnaigijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hnaigidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hnaigijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hnaigidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hnaigijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hnaigidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hnaigijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hnaigidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hnaigijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hnaigidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hnaigi (class-1 present singular weak)
hnaigiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hnaigijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hnaigid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: hnǣġan
Middle English: neighen, neyen, neȝen, neiȝen
English: neigh
Scots: neche, nech, neich

Old Saxon: *hnēgian

Middle Low German: nēgen

⇒ Old Saxon: gihnēgian

Old Dutch: neigen
Middle Dutch: neigen
Dutch: neigen
Limburgish: neige, nèège

Old High German: neigen, hneigen

Middle High German: neigen

German: neigen


bruki

bruki (nominative singular)
brukī (nominative plural)
bruki (accusative singular)
brukī (accusative plural)
brukī (genitive singular)
brukkjō (genitive plural)
brukī (dative singular)
brukim (dative plural)
brukkjum (dative plural)
brukī (instrumental singular)
brukim (instrumental plural)
brukkjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bryċe, briċe
Middle English: breche
English: breach
Scots: breach, breiche, bretch, breack

Old Frisian: breke, bretse, breze

Saterland Frisian: Breek

Old Saxon: bruki

Middle Low German: bröke, broke

German Low German: Bröök, Brook

→ Swedish: bråk

→ Danish: brøk

Old Dutch: *bruki

Middle Dutch: brueke, brōke

Dutch: breuk
Afrikaans: breuk
Negerhollands: breek
→ Indonesian: patahan (“fault”) (semantic loan)
→ Indonesian: pecahan (“fraction”) (semantic loan)
→ Papiamentu: breuk

Old High German: bruh

Middle High German: bruch

German: Bruch

→ Saterland Frisian: Bruch

Hunsrik: Bruch

Luxembourgish: Broch

Vilamovian: brüch

Yiddish: בראָך (brokh)


waigī

waigī (nominative singular)
waigiju (nominative plural)
waigī (accusative singular)
waigiju (accusative plural)
waigijas (genitive singular)
waigijō (genitive plural)
waigijē (dative singular)
waigijum (dative plural)
waigiju (instrumental singular)
waigijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wǣġe

Old Saxon: wēgi

⇒ Old High German: bahweiga


þangil

þangil (nominative singular)
þangilō (nominative plural)
þangilōs (nominative plural)
þangil (accusative singular)
þangilā (accusative plural)
þangilas (genitive singular)
þangilō (genitive plural)
þangilē (dative singular)
þangilum (dative plural)
þangilu (instrumental singular)
þangilum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þenġel


tikkīn

tikkīn (nominative singular)
tikkīnu (nominative plural)
tikkīn (accusative singular)
tikkīnu (accusative plural)
tikkīnas (genitive singular)
tikkīnō (genitive plural)
tikkīnē (dative singular)
tikkīnum (dative plural)
tikkīnu (instrumental singular)
tikkīnum (instrumental plural)

Old English: tiċċen, tyċċen
Middle English: tichen, ticchen, tiche, tik-, tike-
English: tick, titch
Yola: titch, tick, thick

Old High German: zikkīn

Middle High German: zickīn

Alemannic German: Seike

German: Zicke

Luxembourgish: Zéck

desc

→ Middle Low German: sicke, sicken, tzicken

German Low German: Zicki, Zickje

⇒ Middle High German: zickelīn, zickel

German: Zicklein, Zickel

→ Middle Low German: sickelîn, tzickelîn, sickelen

Possibly from an original an-stem *tīgō ~ *tikki + *-īn, whence *tigā.


uʀteuhan

uʀteuhan (infinitive)
uʀteuhannjas (genitive infinitive)
uʀteuhannjē (dative infinitive)
uʀteuhannju (infinitive instrumental)
uʀteuhu (first-person present singular)
uʀtauh (first-person past singular)
uʀtiuhiʀi (present second-person singular)
uʀtugī (past second-person singular)
uʀtiuhidi (present singular third-person)
uʀtauh (past singular third-person)
uʀteuhum (first-person plural present)
uʀtugum (first-person past plural)
uʀtiuhid (plural present second-person)
uʀtugud (past plural second-person)
uʀteuhand (plural present third-person)
uʀtugun (past plural third-person)
uʀteuhē (first-person present singular)
uʀtugī (first-person past singular)
uʀteuhēs (present second-person singular)
uʀteuhē (present singular third-person)
uʀtugī (past singular third-person)
uʀteuhēm (first-person plural present)
uʀtugīm (first-person past plural)
uʀteuhēþ (plural present second-person)
uʀtugīd (past plural second-person)
uʀteuhēn (plural present third-person)
uʀtugīn (past plural third-person)
uʀtiuh (present singular)
uʀtiuhid (plural present)
uʀteuhandī (participle present)
uʀtogan (participle past)

Old English: ātēon

Old High German: irziohan

Middle High German: erziehen

German: erziehen


andiwrīhan

andiwrīhan (infinitive)
andiwrīhannjas (genitive infinitive)
andiwrīhannjē (dative infinitive)
andiwrīhannju (infinitive instrumental)
andiwrīhu (first-person present singular)
andiwraih (first-person past singular)
andiwrīhiʀi (present second-person singular)
andiwrigī (past second-person singular)
andiwrīhidi (present singular third-person)
andiwraih (past singular third-person)
andiwrīhum (first-person plural present)
andiwrigum (first-person past plural)
andiwrīhid (plural present second-person)
andiwrigud (past plural second-person)
andiwrīhand (plural present third-person)
andiwrigun (past plural third-person)
andiwrīhē (first-person present singular)
andiwrigī (first-person past singular)
andiwrīhēs (present second-person singular)
andiwrīhē (present singular third-person)
andiwrigī (past singular third-person)
andiwrīhēm (first-person plural present)
andiwrigīm (first-person past plural)
andiwrīhēþ (plural present second-person)
andiwrigīd (past plural second-person)
andiwrīhēn (plural present third-person)
andiwrigīn (past plural third-person)
andiwrīh (present singular)
andiwrīhid (plural present)
andiwrīhandī (participle present)
andiwrigan (participle past)

desctree

Old English: onwrēon, unwrēon
Middle English: unwrien, unwriʒen
English: unwry

Old High German: intrīhan


fuhs

fuhs (nominative singular)
fohsō (nominative plural)
fohsōs (nominative plural)
fuhs (accusative singular)
fohsā (accusative plural)
fohsas (genitive singular)
fohsō (genitive plural)
fuhsē (dative singular)
fuhsum (dative plural)
fuhsu (instrumental singular)
fuhsum (instrumental plural)

Old English: fox
Middle English: fox, vox, wox
English: fox
Scots: fox
Yola: voxe, vox

Old Frisian: *foks

North Frisian: foos

Saterland Frisian: Foaks

West Frisian: foks

Old Saxon: fohs, fuhs

Middle Low German: vos, vōs

Low German:

Dutch Low Saxon: vos

German Low German: Voß, Voss

Westphalian:

East Westphalian:

Lippisch: Voss, Foss

Paderbornisch: Voß

South Westphalian:

Sauerländisch: Voß

Westmünsterländisch: Foss

Plautdietsch: Foss

→ Icelandic: fox

→ Danish: fos

Old Dutch: fus, vus
Middle Dutch: vos
Dutch: vos
Afrikaans: vos
Jersey Dutch: vośe
Negerhollands: vos
Limburgish: vósj

Old High German: fuhs

Middle High German: vuhs
Alemannic German: Fuchs, Fugs
Walser: fuks, fuksch, fòcks, vucks
Bavarian: Fuchs
Cimbrian: vuks, buks
Mòcheno:
Central Franconian: Fuss, Fuhs, (southern) Fuchs
Hunsrik: Fuchs
Luxembourgish: Fuuss
East Central German:
Vilamovian: füks
East Franconian:
German: Fuchs
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Fux
Swabian: Fuchs
Yiddish: פֿוקס (fuks)


fuhā

fohā (nominative singular)
fohōn (nominative plural)
fohōn (accusative singular)
fohōn (accusative plural)
fohōn (genitive singular)
fohōnō (genitive plural)
fohōn (dative singular)
fohōm (dative plural)
fuhum (dative plural)
fohōn (instrumental singular)
fohōm (instrumental plural)
fuhum (instrumental plural)
*fuggā (alternative)

Old English: fogge

Old Saxon: foha

Middle Low German: vō

Old Dutch: fōa

Old High German: foha
Middle High German: vohe
German: Fähe, Fehe
→ Lower Sorbian: beja


berō

berō (nominative singular)
beran (nominative plural)
beran (accusative singular)
beran (accusative plural)
birini (genitive singular)
beran (genitive singular)
beranō (genitive plural)
birini (dative singular)
beran (dative singular)
berum (dative plural)
birini (instrumental singular)
beran (instrumental singular)
berum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bera
Middle English: bere, beare, bier, beere (Late Middle English), beor, beore, boere, bore, buere (south West Midlands, from Mercian Old English *beora)
English: bear (see there for further descendants)
Middle Scots: beir
Scots: bear, beir

>? Old English: beorn

desc

Middle English: beorn, bern, beryn, biern, byrne, burne, bourne

Old Frisian: *bera, *bara

Saterland Frisian: Boar

West Frisian: bear

Old Saxon: bero

Middle Low German: bar, bāre

German Low German: Baar, Boor

Plautdietsch: Boa

Old Dutch: *bero

desctree

Middle Dutch: bēre
Dutch: beer
Afrikaans: beer
→ Papiamentu: ber, beer
Limburgish: baer
West Flemish: beir
Zealandic: beêr

Old High German: bero, pero
Middle High German: bër, bere, per
Alemannic German: Bärr
Cimbrian: per
German: Bär
Rhine Franconian:
Hunsrik: Bäer
Luxembourgish: Bier
Vilamovian: baor
Yiddish: בער (ber)


starkijan

starkijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
starkijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
starkijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
starkijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
starkiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
starkidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
starkisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
starkidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
starkidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
starkiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
starkidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
starkidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
starkijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
starkidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
starkiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
starkidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
starkijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
starkidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
starkijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
starkidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
starkijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
starkidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
starkijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
starkidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
starkijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
starkidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
starkijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
starkidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
starkijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
starkidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
starki (class-1 present singular weak)
starkiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
starkijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
starkid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Frisian: sterka

Saterland Frisian: sterckjen

Old Saxon: sterkian

Middle Low German: sterken, starken

Old Dutch: *sterken

Middle Dutch: sterken

Dutch: sterken

Old High German: sterken

Middle High German: sterken

German: stärken


tibā

tibā (nominative singular)
tibōn (nominative plural)
tibōn (accusative singular)
tibōn (accusative plural)
tibōn (genitive singular)
tibōnō (genitive plural)
tibōn (dative singular)
tibōm (dative plural)
tibum (dative plural)
tibōn (instrumental singular)
tibōm (instrumental plural)
tibum (instrumental plural)

Old English: tife

Old Frisian: *tive, *teve

Saterland Frisian: Tieuwe

Old Saxon: *tiva

Middle Low German: teve, tiffe

German Low German: Teve, Teev, Tiff

→ Old Norse: tefja

Danish: tæve

Swedish: täva; (täfsa (dialectal))

Old Dutch: *tiva
Middle Dutch: tēve
Dutch: teef
Afrikaans: teef
→ West Frisian: teef

>? Old High German: *zibba

>? Middle High German: *zibbe, *zippe

>? German: Zibbe, Zippe (attetsted 19th c.)

From Proto-Germanic *tibǭ. A geminate byform *tibbǭ > *tibbā gave German dialectal Zippe, Zibbe (“ewe; doe (hare, rabbit)”), Icelandic tebba (“vixen”), and possibly English tib (“working-class woman”).


harmō

harmō (nominative singular)
harman (nominative plural)
harman (accusative singular)
harman (accusative plural)
harmini (genitive singular)
harman (genitive singular)
harmanō (genitive plural)
harmini (dative singular)
harman (dative singular)
harmum (dative plural)
harmini (instrumental singular)
harman (instrumental singular)
harmum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hearma

Old Frisian: *harma

⇒ Old Frisian: *harmel

West Frisian: harmel

Old Saxon: harmo

Middle Low German: harm

⇒ German Low German: Hermanntje

⇒ Old Saxon: *hermil

Middle Low German: hermel

Old Dutch: *harmo

Middle Dutch: *herme

Dutch: herm (rare, now obsolete)

⇒ Middle Dutch: hermijn

→? Icelandic: hermín

⇒ Old Dutch: *hermilo

Middle Dutch: hermel

Dutch: hermel

⇒ Middle Dutch: hermelijn

Dutch: hermelijn

Afrikaans: hermelyn

Old High German: harmo
Middle High German: harme
German: Harm
⇒ Old High German: harmilo
⇒ Old High German: harmilīn
Middle High German: hermelīn
German: Hermelin
→ Danish: hermelin
→ Swedish: hermelin
→ Norwegian Bokmål: hermelin
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: hermelin

→? Old French: ermine, ermin, hermin, hermine
Middle French: hermin, ermin
French: hermine
→ Romanian: hermină
→ Turkish: ermin
→ Middle English: ermyne, armyn, armyne, ermin, ermine, ermyn, hermyn
English: ermine
Scots: ermine


marþr

marþr (nominative singular)
marþrō (nominative plural)
marþrōs (nominative plural)
marþr (accusative singular)
marþrā (accusative plural)
marþras (genitive singular)
marþrō (genitive plural)
marþrē (dative singular)
marþrum (dative plural)
marþru (instrumental singular)
marþrum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *marther

Saterland Frisian: Modder

West Frisian: motter

Old Saxon: *mardar (found in the derived adjective mardrīn)

Middle Low German: marder

German Low German: Marder

Old High German: marther, mardar

desc

Middle High German: marder, merder, mader

German: Marder

→ Old French: martre

→ Middle Dutch: marter, māerter

Dutch: marter


wisulā

wisulā (nominative singular)
wisulōn (nominative plural)
wisulōn (accusative singular)
wisulōn (accusative plural)
wisulōn (genitive singular)
wisulōnō (genitive plural)
wisulōn (dative singular)
wisulōm (dative plural)
wisulum (dative plural)
wisulōn (instrumental singular)
wisulōm (instrumental plural)
wisulum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: weosule, wesle, uuesulae, uuesole — early
Middle English: wesele, wassele, wesel, wesil, wesile, wezele, wasyll, wesyl, weysyl, weesylle, whesille (Late Middle English)
English: weasel
Middle Scots: quhasill, wasyll, wasyll
Scots: whaisle, whaisel, whaizle, wheesel, weasel (associated with whaisle "to wheeze")

Old Frisian: *wisele

Saterland Frisian: Wiezelke (possibly borrowed from German)

West Frisian: wezeling (possibly borrowed from Low German)

Old Saxon: *wisula

Middle Low German: wēsel, wesele

Low German: Wessel, Wissel

Plautdietsch: Wäsel

Old Dutch: *wisala

Middle Dutch: wēsel
Dutch: wezel
Afrikaans: wesel
Limburgish: wezel, wieëzel

Old High German: wisula, wisala

Middle High German: wisele

German: Wiesel

Luxembourgish: Wisel


mariswīn

mariswīn (nominative singular)
mariswīnu (nominative plural)
mariswīn (accusative singular)
mariswīnu (accusative plural)
mariswīnas (genitive singular)
mariswīnō (genitive plural)
mariswīnē (dative singular)
mariswīnum (dative plural)
mariswīnu (instrumental singular)
mariswīnum (instrumental plural)

Old English: mereswīn
Middle English: mereswyn, mereswyne, mersuine
English: mereswine
Scots: mereswine

Old Frisian: *mereswīn

Saterland Frisian: Meerswien

Old Saxon: meriswīn

Middle Low German: merswîn

German Low German: Meerswien; Meerswientje

Old Dutch: meriswīn
Middle Dutch: mēerswijn, maerswijn, merswijn
Dutch: meerzwijn

Old High German: meriswīn

Middle High German: merswīn

German: Meerschwein; Meerschweinchen

→ Old French: marsouin

Middle French: marsouin

French: marsouin

From Proto-Germanic *mariswīną. Equivalent to *mari (“sea”) + *swīn (“pig”).


marh

marh (nominative singular)
marhō (nominative plural)
marhōs (nominative plural)
marh (accusative singular)
marhā (accusative plural)
marhas (genitive singular)
marhō (genitive plural)
marhē (dative singular)
marhum (dative plural)
marhu (instrumental singular)
marhum (instrumental plural)

Old English: mearh, mear

Middle English: mearh

English: mare

Old Frisian: mar

Old High German: marh, march, marah

Middle High German: marc

German: Mähre


marhijā

marhijā (nominative singular)
marhijōn (nominative plural)
marhijōn (accusative singular)
marhijōn (accusative plural)
marhijōn (genitive singular)
marhijōnō (genitive plural)
marhijōn (dative singular)
marhijōm (dative plural)
marhijum (dative plural)
marhijōn (instrumental singular)
marhijōm (instrumental plural)
marhijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: mīere, mȳre, mīre
Middle English: mere, mare
English: mare
Scots: meir, mere, mear

Old Frisian: merie

North Frisian: mar

Saterland Frisian: Märe

West Frisian: merje

Old Saxon: meriha

Middle Low German: mēre, mērie

Old Dutch: *meria
Middle Dutch: merie
Dutch: merrie
Afrikaans: merrie
Negerhollands: merri, mėri

Old High German: meriha

Middle High German: meriche, merhe

Alemannic German: Märe

German: Mähre

From Proto-Germanic *marhijō, with a change to ōn-stem. Equivalent to *marh (“horse”) + *-jā.


starkiþu

starkiþu (nominative singular)
starkiþō (nominative plural)
starkiþā (accusative singular)
starkiþā (accusative plural)
starkiþā (genitive singular)
starkiþō (genitive plural)
starkiþē (dative singular)
starkiþōm (dative plural)
starkiþum (dative plural)
starkiþu (instrumental singular)
starkiþōm (instrumental plural)
starkiþum (instrumental plural)

Old Dutch: *sterkitha

Middle Dutch: sterkede, stercte

Dutch: sterkte

Old High German: sterkida

Middle High German: sterkede


starkī

starkī (nominative singular)
starkīn (accusative singular)
starkīn (genitive singular)
starkīn (dative singular)
starkīn (instrumental singular)

Old English: *stierċe

Middle English: sterche, starche

English: starch

Scots: sterch, stearch, stairch

Old Saxon: *sterki

Middle Low German: sterke

Old Dutch: sterki

Middle Dutch: sterke

Dutch: sterk (dialectal)

Old High German: starchī, sterkī
Middle High German: sterke
German: Stärke

From *stark (“stiff, stark”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).


starēn

starēn (infinitive)
starēnijas (genitive infinitive)
starēnijē (dative infinitive)
starēniju (infinitive instrumental)
starē (first-person present singular)
star?dā (first-person past singular)
starēs (present second-person singular)
star?dēs (past second-person singular)
starēþ (present singular third-person)
star?dē (past singular third-person)
star?dā (past singular third-person)
starēm (first-person plural present)
star?dum (first-person past plural)
starēþ (plural present second-person)
star?dud (past plural second-person)
starēnþ (plural present third-person)
star?dun (past plural third-person)
star?dī (first-person past singular)
star?dī (past second-person singular)
starē (present singular third-person)
star?dī (past singular third-person)
star?dīm (first-person past plural)
star?dīd (past plural second-person)
starēn (plural present third-person)
star?dīn (past plural third-person)
starē (present singular)
starēþ (plural present)
starēndī (participle present)
star?d (participle past)

Old English: starian

Middle English: stāren

English: stare

Old Saxon: starrōn

Middle Low German: starren, staren

desctree

Old Dutch: *staron
Middle Dutch: stāren
Dutch: staren
Afrikaans: staar
Limburgish: staore

Old High German: starēn

Middle High German: staren

German: starren

From Proto-Germanic *starāną. Equivalent to *star (“stiff”) + *-ēn.


strūb

strūb (masculine nominative singular)
strūbu (feminine nominative singular)
strūb (neuter nominative singular)
strūbanā (accusative masculine singular)
strūbā (accusative feminine singular)
strūb (accusative neuter singular)
strūbas (genitive masculine singular)
strūbeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
strūbas (genitive neuter singular)
strūbumē (dative masculine singular)
strūbeʀē (dative feminine singular)
strūbumē (dative neuter singular)
strūbu (instrumental masculine singular)
strūbeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
strūbu (instrumental neuter singular)
strūbē (masculine nominative plural)
strūbō (feminine nominative plural)
strūbu (neuter nominative plural)
strūbā (accusative masculine plural)
strūbā (accusative feminine plural)
strūbu (accusative neuter plural)
strūbeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
strūbeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
strūbeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
strūbēm (dative masculine plural)
strūbum (dative masculine plural)
strūbēm (dative feminine plural)
strūbum (dative feminine plural)
strūbēm (dative neuter plural)
strūbum (dative neuter plural)
strūbēm (instrumental masculine plural)
strūbum (instrumental masculine plural)
strūbēm (feminine instrumental plural)
strūbum (feminine instrumental plural)
strūbēm (instrumental neuter plural)
strūbum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Saxon: strūf

Middle Low German: strūf

Old Dutch: *strūf

Middle Dutch: struuf (dialectal)

Limburgish: stroef

→ Dutch: stroef

Old High German: strūb

Middle High German: strūp

German: strupp (dialectal)

Akademie-Verlag
Berlin
Wolfgang Pfeifer (etymologist)

From earlier *streubaz, from Proto-Indo-European *strewbʰ-o-s, from *strewbʰ-, itself perhaps a labial extension of *strew- (“to spread, strew”).


starablind

starablind (masculine nominative singular)
starablindu (feminine nominative singular)
starablind (neuter nominative singular)
starablindanā (accusative masculine singular)
starablindā (accusative feminine singular)
starablind (accusative neuter singular)
starablindas (genitive masculine singular)
starablindeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
starablindas (genitive neuter singular)
starablindumē (dative masculine singular)
starablindeʀē (dative feminine singular)
starablindumē (dative neuter singular)
starablindu (instrumental masculine singular)
starablindeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
starablindu (instrumental neuter singular)
starablindē (masculine nominative plural)
starablindō (feminine nominative plural)
starablindu (neuter nominative plural)
starablindā (accusative masculine plural)
starablindā (accusative feminine plural)
starablindu (accusative neuter plural)
starablindeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
starablindeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
starablindeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
starablindēm (dative masculine plural)
starablindum (dative masculine plural)
starablindēm (dative feminine plural)
starablindum (dative feminine plural)
starablindēm (dative neuter plural)
starablindum (dative neuter plural)
starablindēm (instrumental masculine plural)
starablindum (instrumental masculine plural)
starablindēm (feminine instrumental plural)
starablindum (feminine instrumental plural)
starablindēm (instrumental neuter plural)
starablindum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: stærblind

Middle English: stareblind, starblynd

English: star-blind

Old Frisian: stareblind

Old Saxon: *starblind

Middle Low German: starblint

Old Dutch: *starblind

Middle Dutch: stāerblint

Dutch: staarblind

Old High German: starablint

Middle High German: starblint

German: starblind

From Proto-Germanic *starablindaz. Equivalent to *star + *blind.


kwīnan

kwīnan (infinitive)
kwīnannjas (genitive infinitive)
kwīnannjē (dative infinitive)
kwīnannju (infinitive instrumental)
kwīnu (first-person present singular)
kwain (first-person past singular)
kwīniʀi (present second-person singular)
kwinī (past second-person singular)
kwīnidi (present singular third-person)
kwain (past singular third-person)
kwīnum (first-person plural present)
kwinum (first-person past plural)
kwīnid (plural present second-person)
kwinud (past plural second-person)
kwīnand (plural present third-person)
kwinun (past plural third-person)
kwīnē (first-person present singular)
kwinī (first-person past singular)
kwīnēs (present second-person singular)
kwīnē (present singular third-person)
kwinī (past singular third-person)
kwīnēm (first-person plural present)
kwinīm (first-person past plural)
kwīnēþ (plural present second-person)
kwinīd (past plural second-person)
kwīnēn (plural present third-person)
kwinīn (past plural third-person)
kwīn (present singular)
kwīnid (plural present)
kwīnandī (participle present)
kwinan (participle past)

Old English: *cwīnan

⇒ Old English: ācwīnan

Old Frisian: *quīna

gl

⇒ Saterland Frisian: kwienje (alternatively borrowed from Low German)

⇒ West Frisian: kwine, kwynje (alternatively borrowed from Dutch)

Old Saxon: *quīnan

Middle Low German: quînen

German Low German: quienen

Old Dutch: quīnan

Middle Dutch: quinen

Dutch: kwijnen

Old High German: *quīnan

Middle High German: *quīnen

⇒ Middle High German: verquīnen


swīnan

swīnan (infinitive)
swīnannjas (genitive infinitive)
swīnannjē (dative infinitive)
swīnannju (infinitive instrumental)
swīnu (first-person present singular)
swain (first-person past singular)
swīniʀi (present second-person singular)
swinī (past second-person singular)
swīnidi (present singular third-person)
swain (past singular third-person)
swīnum (first-person plural present)
swinum (first-person past plural)
swīnid (plural present second-person)
swinud (past plural second-person)
swīnand (plural present third-person)
swinun (past plural third-person)
swīnē (first-person present singular)
swinī (first-person past singular)
swīnēs (present second-person singular)
swīnē (present singular third-person)
swinī (past singular third-person)
swīnēm (first-person plural present)
swinīm (first-person past plural)
swīnēþ (plural present second-person)
swinīd (past plural second-person)
swīnēn (plural present third-person)
swinīn (past plural third-person)
swīn (present singular)
swīnid (plural present)
swīnandī (participle present)
swinan (participle past)

Old Saxon: *swīnan

Middle Low German: swînen

Old Dutch: *swīnan

Middle Dutch: swînen

Dutch: swijnen (obsolete)

Old High German: swīnan

Middle High German: swīnen

Alemannic German: schwiine

German: schweinen (obsolete)


þwīnan

þwīnan (infinitive)
þwīnannjas (genitive infinitive)
þwīnannjē (dative infinitive)
þwīnannju (infinitive instrumental)
þwīnu (first-person present singular)
þwain (first-person past singular)
þwīniʀi (present second-person singular)
þwinī (past second-person singular)
þwīnidi (present singular third-person)
þwain (past singular third-person)
þwīnum (first-person plural present)
þwinum (first-person past plural)
þwīnid (plural present second-person)
þwinud (past plural second-person)
þwīnand (plural present third-person)
þwinun (past plural third-person)
þwīnē (first-person present singular)
þwinī (first-person past singular)
þwīnēs (present second-person singular)
þwīnē (present singular third-person)
þwinī (past singular third-person)
þwīnēm (first-person plural present)
þwinīm (first-person past plural)
þwīnēþ (plural present second-person)
þwinīd (past plural second-person)
þwīnēn (plural present third-person)
þwinīn (past plural third-person)
þwīn (present singular)
þwīnid (plural present)
þwīnandī (participle present)
þwinan (participle past)

Old English: þwīnan


kwistijan

kwistijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
kwistijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
kwistijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
kwistijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
kwistiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
kwistidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
kwistisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
kwistidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kwistidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kwistiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
kwistidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kwistidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kwistijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
kwistidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
kwistiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
kwistidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
kwistijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
kwistidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
kwistijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
kwistidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
kwistijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
kwistidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kwistijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
kwistidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kwistijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
kwistidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
kwistijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
kwistidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
kwistijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
kwistidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
kwisti (class-1 present singular weak)
kwistiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
kwistijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
kwistid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *quistian

Middle Low German: quisten

Old Dutch: *quisten

Middle Dutch: quisten

Dutch: kwisten

Old High German: *quisten

⇒ Old High German: firquisten

⇒ Old High German: irquisten


kwisti

kwisti (nominative singular)
kwistī (nominative plural)
kwisti (accusative singular)
kwistī (accusative plural)
kwistī (genitive singular)
kwistijō (genitive plural)
kwistī (dative singular)
kwistim (dative plural)
kwistijum (dative plural)
kwistī (instrumental singular)
kwistim (instrumental plural)
kwistijum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *quist

Middle Low German: quist

Old Dutch: *quist

Middle Dutch: quist

Old High German: kwist, quist


krītan

krītan (infinitive)
krītannjas (genitive infinitive)
krītannjē (dative infinitive)
krītannju (infinitive instrumental)
krītu (first-person present singular)
krait (first-person past singular)
krītiʀi (present second-person singular)
kritī (past second-person singular)
krītidi (present singular third-person)
krait (past singular third-person)
krītum (first-person plural present)
kritum (first-person past plural)
krītid (plural present second-person)
kritud (past plural second-person)
krītand (plural present third-person)
kritun (past plural third-person)
krītē (first-person present singular)
kritī (first-person past singular)
krītēs (present second-person singular)
krītē (present singular third-person)
kritī (past singular third-person)
krītēm (first-person plural present)
kritīm (first-person past plural)
krītēþ (plural present second-person)
kritīd (past plural second-person)
krītēn (plural present third-person)
kritīn (past plural third-person)
krīt (present singular)
krītid (plural present)
krītandī (participle present)
kritan (participle past)

Old Frisian: *krīta

Saterland Frisian: kriete

West Frisian: krite

Old Saxon: *krītan

Middle Low German: krîten

Low German: krieten

desctree

Old Dutch: *crītan
Middle Dutch: criten
Dutch: krijten
Afrikaans: kryt

Old High German: *krīzan

Middle High German: krīzen

German: kreißen

From Proto-Germanic *krītaną. The formal and semantic coincidence of *krītan and Vulgar Latin *crītāre has led to proposals of borrowing in one direction or the other; see the latter for more.


dwīnan

dwīnan (infinitive)
dwīnannjas (genitive infinitive)
dwīnannjē (dative infinitive)
dwīnannju (infinitive instrumental)
dwīnu (first-person present singular)
dwain (first-person past singular)
dwīniʀi (present second-person singular)
dwinī (past second-person singular)
dwīnidi (present singular third-person)
dwain (past singular third-person)
dwīnum (first-person plural present)
dwinum (first-person past plural)
dwīnid (plural present second-person)
dwinud (past plural second-person)
dwīnand (plural present third-person)
dwinun (past plural third-person)
dwīnē (first-person present singular)
dwinī (first-person past singular)
dwīnēs (present second-person singular)
dwīnē (present singular third-person)
dwinī (past singular third-person)
dwīnēm (first-person plural present)
dwinīm (first-person past plural)
dwīnēþ (plural present second-person)
dwinīd (past plural second-person)
dwīnēn (plural present third-person)
dwinīn (past plural third-person)
dwīn (present singular)
dwīnid (plural present)
dwīnandī (participle present)
dwinan (participle past)

Old English: dwīnan

Middle English: dwinen

Scots: dwyne, dwine

English: dwine; dwindle

Old Frisian: *dwīna

⇒ Saterland Frisian: ferdwiene

⇒ West Frisian: ferdwyne, ferdwine

Old Saxon: *dwīnan

Middle Low German: *dwînen

Low German: dwienen

⇒ Low German: verdwienen

Old Dutch: *dwīnan
Middle Dutch: dwinen
Dutch: dwijnen
⇒ Middle Dutch: verdwinen
Dutch: verdwijnen


līk

līk (nominative singular)
līku (nominative plural)
līk (accusative singular)
līku (accusative plural)
līkas (genitive singular)
līkō (genitive plural)
līkē (dative singular)
līkum (dative plural)
līku (instrumental singular)
līkum (instrumental plural)

Old English: līċ

Middle English: lik, lich

Scots: lyke

English: lich, like

Old Frisian: līk

Saterland Frisian: Lieke

West Frisian: lyk

Old Saxon: līk

Middle Low German: lîk

Low German: Lieke

German Low German: Liek

Plautdietsch: Leich, Leiche

→ Latvian: līķis

Old Dutch: līk

Middle Dutch: lijc

Dutch: lijk

Afrikaans: lyk

Old High German: līh
Middle High German: lîch, lîche, leich
Central Franconian: Lich
Bavarian: Leich
German: Leiche
Luxembourgish: Läich


sīk

sīk (nominative singular)
sīku (nominative plural)
sīk (accusative singular)
sīku (accusative plural)
sīkas (genitive singular)
sīkō (genitive plural)
sīkē (dative singular)
sīkum (dative plural)
sīku (instrumental singular)
sīkum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sīċ

Middle English: sych, syk, syke
English: sitch, sike
Scots: sike, syke

Old Saxon: *sīk

Middle Low German: sīk

German Low German: Sieker

⇒ Old High German: gisīch


āswik

āswik (nominative singular)
āswikō (nominative plural)
āswikōs (nominative plural)
āswik (accusative singular)
āswikā (accusative plural)
āswikas (genitive singular)
āswikō (genitive plural)
āswikē (dative singular)
āswikum (dative plural)
āswiku (instrumental singular)
āswikum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ǣswiċ

Old High German: āswih


wīk

wīk (nominative singular)
wīkō (nominative plural)
wīkōs (nominative plural)
wīk (accusative singular)
wīkā (accusative plural)
wīkas (genitive singular)
wīkō (genitive plural)
wīkē (dative singular)
wīkum (dative plural)
wīku (instrumental singular)
wīkum (instrumental plural)
wīk (nominative singular)
wīku (nominative plural)
wīk (accusative singular)
wīku (accusative plural)
wīkas (genitive singular)
wīkō (genitive plural)
wīkē (dative singular)
wīkum (dative plural)
wīku (instrumental singular)
wīkum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wīċ n
Middle English: wic, wike, wyk, wych
English: -wick, -wich (in placenames)

Old Frisian: wīk f

West Frisian: wyk m or f

Old Saxon: wīk f
Middle Low German: wîk

Old Dutch: *wīc

Middle Dutch: wijc m

Dutch: wijk, (obsolete) wyck
Afrikaans: wyk

Limburgish: wiek

Old High German: wīh m

Middle High German: wīch

German: Weich (archaic or obsolete)

Borrowed from Latin vīcus (“village”), displacing native *wīhs (“village, settlement”), from Proto-Germanic *wīhsą, both deriving from Proto-Indo-European *weyḱ- (“village”).


dīk

dīk (nominative singular)
dīkō (nominative plural)
dīkōs (nominative plural)
dīk (accusative singular)
dīkā (accusative plural)
dīkas (genitive singular)
dīkō (genitive plural)
dīkē (dative singular)
dīkum (dative plural)
dīku (instrumental singular)
dīkum (instrumental plural)

Old English: dīċ

Middle English: dich

English: ditch (“trench, bank”)

>? Old English: dīc

q

Middle English: dic, dik (“trench, embankment”) (possibly influenced by or borrowed from Old Norse díki, Middle Dutch dijc)

Scots: dike, dyke

English: dike (“levee”)

Old Frisian: dīk

North Frisian: dijck

Saterland Frisian: Diek

West Frisian: dyk

Old Saxon: dīk (“levee, pond”)

Middle Low German: dîk

German Low German: Diek

→ German: Deich (“dam”)

→ Estonian: tiik (“pond”)

Old Dutch: dīc (“levee, wall”)

Middle Dutch: dijc

Dutch: dijk

Afrikaans: dyk

→ Old French: diic, dike

Middle French: digue

French: digue

→ Irish: díog (“trench”)

Old High German: tīh (“dam”)

desc

Middle High German: tīch, dīch (“small dry valley, dam, pond”) (influenced by Low German)

German: Teich (“pond”)

German: Deich (“dam”)

Yiddish: טײַך (taykh, “river”)

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache


auþī

auþī (masculine nominative singular)
auþiju (feminine nominative singular)
auþī (neuter nominative singular)
auþijanā (accusative masculine singular)
auþijā (accusative feminine singular)
auþī (accusative neuter singular)
auþijas (genitive masculine singular)
auþijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
auþijas (genitive neuter singular)
auþijumē (dative masculine singular)
auþijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
auþijumē (dative neuter singular)
auþiju (instrumental masculine singular)
auþijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
auþiju (instrumental neuter singular)
auþijē (masculine nominative plural)
auþijō (feminine nominative plural)
auþiju (neuter nominative plural)
auþijā (accusative masculine plural)
auþijā (accusative feminine plural)
auþiju (accusative neuter plural)
auþijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
auþijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
auþijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
auþijēm (dative masculine plural)
auþijum (dative masculine plural)
auþijēm (dative feminine plural)
auþijum (dative feminine plural)
auþijēm (dative neuter plural)
auþijum (dative neuter plural)
auþijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
auþijum (instrumental masculine plural)
auþijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
auþijum (feminine instrumental plural)
auþijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
auþijum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: īeþe, ȳþe, ēþe, ēaþe
Middle English: ethe, æþ, eithe, ith
English: eath
Scots: eith
Yola: eeth, eeefe, eêth, eafe

Old Saxon: ōthi

Middle Low German: ode

German Low German: ööd, öög

Old Dutch: *oudi

Middle Dutch: ode

Dutch: (dialectal) ode

Limburgish: uue, uui

⇒ Middle Dutch: odelijc

Dutch: olijk

Old High German: *ōdi (attested in derivatives: ōdlīh, unōdi)

Middle High German: œde

German: öde

From Proto-Germanic *auþuz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


auþī

Old English: īeþe

Old Saxon: *ōthi

Middle Low German: ȫde

German Low German: öde, ööd

Old High German: ōdi

Middle High German: œde

German: öde


haidr

haidr (masculine nominative singular)
haidru (feminine nominative singular)
haidr (neuter nominative singular)
haidranā (accusative masculine singular)
haidrā (accusative feminine singular)
haidr (accusative neuter singular)
haidras (genitive masculine singular)
haidreʀā (feminine genitive singular)
haidras (genitive neuter singular)
haidrumē (dative masculine singular)
haidreʀē (dative feminine singular)
haidrumē (dative neuter singular)
haidru (instrumental masculine singular)
haidreʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
haidru (instrumental neuter singular)
haidrē (masculine nominative plural)
haidrō (feminine nominative plural)
haidru (neuter nominative plural)
haidrā (accusative masculine plural)
haidrā (accusative feminine plural)
haidru (accusative neuter plural)
haidreʀō (genitive masculine plural)
haidreʀō (feminine genitive plural)
haidreʀō (genitive neuter plural)
haidrēm (dative masculine plural)
haidrum (dative masculine plural)
haidrēm (dative feminine plural)
haidrum (dative feminine plural)
haidrēm (dative neuter plural)
haidrum (dative neuter plural)
haidrēm (instrumental masculine plural)
haidrum (instrumental masculine plural)
haidrēm (feminine instrumental plural)
haidrum (feminine instrumental plural)
haidrēm (instrumental neuter plural)
haidrum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: hādor, hǣdor

Old Saxon: hēdar

Old Dutch: *hēder

⇒ Old Dutch: hēderhēd

Old High German: heitar

Middle High German: heiter

Cimbrian: hòotar

German: heiter


wāg

wāg (nominative singular)
wāgō (nominative plural)
wāgōs (nominative plural)
wāg (accusative singular)
wāgā (accusative plural)
wāgas (genitive singular)
wāgō (genitive plural)
wāgē (dative singular)
wāgum (dative plural)
wāgu (instrumental singular)
wāgum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wǣġ

Middle English: waghe, wawe

English: waw

Scots: waw

Old Frisian: weg

North Frisian: weage, waag

West Frisian: weach

Old Saxon: wāg

q

possibly merged with ?<i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*wagō</i>

Middle Low German: wāch m (rare); wāge f (possibly merged with ?*wagō)

→ Middle High German: wāge (northern)

German: Woge

→ Old Swedish: vāgh

Swedish: våg

→ Danish: vove

→ Smalandian: våj

→ Helsingian: våga

Old Dutch: *wāg

Middle Dutch: wâech m (rare); wāge f (possibly merged with ?*wagō)

Dutch: waag f

Old High German: wāg

Middle High German: wāc


sweglu

sweglu (nominative singular)
sweglō (nominative plural)
sweglā (accusative singular)
sweglā (accusative plural)
sweglā (genitive singular)
sweglō (genitive plural)
sweglē (dative singular)
sweglōm (dative plural)
sweglum (dative plural)
sweglu (instrumental singular)
sweglōm (instrumental plural)
sweglum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *sweġel, *sweġl

⇒ Old English: sweġelhorn, sweġlhorn

Old High German: swegala

Middle High German: swegele, swegel

German: Schwegel


swegru

swegru (nominative singular)
swegrō (nominative plural)
swegrā (accusative singular)
swegrā (accusative plural)
swegrā (genitive singular)
swegrō (genitive plural)
swegrē (dative singular)
swegrōm (dative plural)
swegrum (dative plural)
swegru (instrumental singular)
swegrōm (instrumental plural)
swegrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sweġer

Middle English: sweȝer

Old Frisian: *sweger, *sweier

⇒ Saterland Frisian: Sweegermuur

Old Saxon: *swegar, *swigar

Middle Low German: swēger

German Low German: Sweger, Swegermoder

Old Dutch: *sweger

Middle Dutch: swēger

Dutch: zweger

Old High German: swigar

Middle High German: swiger

German: Schwieger (obsolete)

desc

⇒ German: Schwiegermutter, Schwiegervater, Schwiegertochter, Schwiegersohn

Yiddish: שוויגער (shviger)


rignijan

rignijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
rignijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
rignijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
rignijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
rigniju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
rignidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
rignisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
rignidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rignidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rigniþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
rignidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rignidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rignijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
rignidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
rigniþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
rignidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
rignijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
rignidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
rignijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
rignidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
rignijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
rignidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rignijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
rignidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rignijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
rignidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
rignijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
rignidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
rignijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
rignidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
rigni (class-1 present singular weak)
rigniþ (class-1 plural present weak)
rignijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
rignid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: riġnan, rīnan

Middle English: rinen, rynen

Old Frisian: reina

Saterland Frisian: riene

West Frisian: reine

Old High German: *reganen

⇒ Old High German: gireganen

Middle High German: geregenen

From Proto-Germanic *rignijaną. Equivalent to *regn (“rain”) + *-jan.


legr

legr (nominative singular)
legru (nominative plural)
legr (accusative singular)
legru (accusative plural)
legras (genitive singular)
legrō (genitive plural)
legrē (dative singular)
legrum (dative plural)
legru (instrumental singular)
legrum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: leġer
Middle English: leir, leire, lair, lare
English: lair
Scots: lair, lear, layer, lare

Old Frisian: legor, leger

Saterland Frisian: Leeger

West Frisian: leger

Old Saxon: legar

Middle Low German: lēger, lāger

German Low German: Lager

→ Estonian: leer

Old Dutch: *leger

Middle Dutch: lēger

Dutch: leger
Afrikaans: leër
→ English: leaguer
→ Sranan Tongo: legre

Old High German: legar

Middle High German: leger

German: Lager
→ Czech: lágr
→ Danish: lager
→ Dutch: lager
→ English: laager
→ English: lager
→ Estonian: laager
→ Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: lager
Norwegian Nynorsk: lager
→ Romanian: lagăr
→ Russian: лагерь (lagerʹ)
→ Serbo-Croatian: lȏgor
→ Swedish: lager


legr

legr (masculine nominative singular)
legru (feminine nominative singular)
legr (neuter nominative singular)
legranā (accusative masculine singular)
legrā (accusative feminine singular)
legr (accusative neuter singular)
legras (genitive masculine singular)
legreʀā (feminine genitive singular)
legras (genitive neuter singular)
legrumē (dative masculine singular)
legreʀē (dative feminine singular)
legrumē (dative neuter singular)
legru (instrumental masculine singular)
legreʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
legru (instrumental neuter singular)
legrē (masculine nominative plural)
legrō (feminine nominative plural)
legru (neuter nominative plural)
legrā (accusative masculine plural)
legrā (accusative feminine plural)
legru (accusative neuter plural)
legreʀō (genitive masculine plural)
legreʀō (feminine genitive plural)
legreʀō (genitive neuter plural)
legrēm (dative masculine plural)
legrum (dative masculine plural)
legrēm (dative feminine plural)
legrum (dative feminine plural)
legrēm (dative neuter plural)
legrum (dative neuter plural)
legrēm (instrumental masculine plural)
legrum (instrumental masculine plural)
legrēm (feminine instrumental plural)
legrum (feminine instrumental plural)
legrēm (instrumental neuter plural)
legrum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: *leġer

⇒ Old English: ānleġer, dirneleġer

Hypothetically from Proto-Germanic *legraz, but without Germanic cognates. Equivalent to *liggjan + *-r.

(Anglo-Frisian) lying (together with someone)


galigrī

galigrī (nominative singular)
galigriju (nominative plural)
galigrī (accusative singular)
galigriju (accusative plural)
galigrijas (genitive singular)
galigrijō (genitive plural)
galigrijē (dative singular)
galigrijum (dative plural)
galigriju (instrumental singular)
galigrijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġeliġre, ġeliġere, ġeliġer

Old High German: *giligari

Middle High German: geligere


siglijan

siglijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
siglijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
siglijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
siglijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
sigliju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
siglidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
siglisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
siglidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
siglidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sigliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
siglidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
siglidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
siglijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
siglidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sigliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
siglidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
siglijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
siglidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
siglijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
siglidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
siglijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
siglidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
siglijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
siglidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
siglijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
siglidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
siglijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
siglidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
siglijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
siglidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sigli (class-1 present singular weak)
sigliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
siglijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
siglid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: siġlan, seġlan

gl

merged with descendant of <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">seġlian</i>

Middle English: seylen, saylen (merged with descendant of seġlian)

English: sail

Scots: sail

Old Frisian: sīla

West Frisian: sile

Old Saxon: *siglian, *sigalian

gl

merged with descendant of <i class="Latn mention" lang="osx">*seglōn</i>

Middle Low German: segelen, sēgelen, seggelen (merged with descendant of *seglōn)

German Low German: seilen

Plautdietsch: säajlen

Old High German: *sigalen, *sigilen

Middle High German: sigelen, sigeln

From Proto-Germanic *siglijaną. Equivalent to *segl (“a sail”) + *-jan.


siglī

siglī (nominative singular)
sigliju (nominative plural)
siglī (accusative singular)
sigliju (accusative plural)
siglijas (genitive singular)
siglijō (genitive plural)
siglijē (dative singular)
siglijum (dative plural)
sigliju (instrumental singular)
siglijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: siġle


wīg

wīg (nominative singular)
wīgō (nominative plural)
wīgōs (nominative plural)
wīg (accusative singular)
wīgā (accusative plural)
wīgas (genitive singular)
wīgō (genitive plural)
wīgē (dative singular)
wīgum (dative plural)
wīgu (instrumental singular)
wīgum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wīġ

Middle English: wiȝe, wi

Old Frisian: wīg, wīch

North Frisian: wigh, wych

Old Saxon: wīg

Middle Low German: wīch

Old Dutch: wīg

Middle Dutch: wijch

Dutch: wijg (obsolete)

Old High German: wīg

→ Middle Low German: wīc


tehswō

tehswō (masculine nominative singular)
tehswā (feminine nominative singular)
tehswā (neuter nominative singular)
tehswan (accusative masculine singular)
tehswōn (accusative feminine singular)
tehswā (accusative neuter singular)
tihswini (genitive masculine singular)
tehswan (genitive masculine singular)
tehswōn (feminine genitive singular)
tihswini (genitive neuter singular)
tehswan (genitive neuter singular)
tihswini (dative masculine singular)
tehswan (dative masculine singular)
tehswōn (dative feminine singular)
tihswini (dative neuter singular)
tehswan (dative neuter singular)
tihswini (instrumental masculine singular)
tehswan (instrumental masculine singular)
tehswōn (feminine instrumental singular)
tihswini (instrumental neuter singular)
tehswan (instrumental neuter singular)
tehswan (masculine nominative plural)
tehswōn (feminine nominative plural)
tehswōn (neuter nominative plural)
tehswan (accusative masculine plural)
tehswōn (accusative feminine plural)
tehswōn (accusative neuter plural)
tehswanō (genitive masculine plural)
tehswōnō (feminine genitive plural)
tehswanō (genitive neuter plural)
tehsum (dative masculine plural)
tehswōm (dative feminine plural)
tehsum (dative feminine plural)
tehsum (dative neuter plural)
tehsum (instrumental masculine plural)
tehswōm (feminine instrumental plural)
tehsum (feminine instrumental plural)
tehsum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old High German: zeso

Middle High German: zëse (inflected forms: zësewer, zëswer, zësem, etc.)

Bavarian: zesn

German: zese (obsolete)


tehsu

tehsu (nominative singular)
tehswō (nominative plural)
tehswā (accusative singular)
tehswā (accusative plural)
tehswā (genitive singular)
tehswō (genitive plural)
tehswē (dative singular)
tehswōm (dative plural)
tehsum (dative plural)
tehsu (instrumental singular)
tehswōm (instrumental plural)
tehsum (instrumental plural)

Old Dutch: tesewa

Old High German: zesawa

Middle High German: zëswe


kunþō

kunþō (nominative singular)
kunþan (nominative plural)
kunþan (accusative singular)
kunþan (accusative plural)
kunþini (genitive singular)
kunþan (genitive singular)
kunþanō (genitive plural)
kunþini (dative singular)
kunþan (dative singular)
kunþum (dative plural)
kunþini (instrumental singular)
kunþan (instrumental singular)
kunþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: cūþa

desctree

Old Dutch: cundo
Middle Dutch: conde
Dutch: konde

Old High German: cundo (also “customer”), chundo
Middle High German: kunde
German: Kunde

From *kunþ + *-ō, or equivalently from Proto-Germanic *kunþô.

familiar person; friendly person, acquaintance


godakundī

godakundī (nominative singular)
godakundīn (accusative singular)
godakundīn (genitive singular)
godakundīn (dative singular)
godakundīn (instrumental singular)

Old Saxon: godkundi

Old High German: gotkundī

From *godakund + *-ī (“divine”, abstract noun suffix).


blāu

blāu (masculine nominative singular)
blāu (feminine nominative singular)
blāu (neuter nominative singular)
blāwanā (accusative masculine singular)
blāwā (accusative feminine singular)
blāu (accusative neuter singular)
blāwas (genitive masculine singular)
blāweʀā (feminine genitive singular)
blāwas (genitive neuter singular)
blāumē (dative masculine singular)
blāweʀē (dative feminine singular)
blāumē (dative neuter singular)
blāu (instrumental masculine singular)
blāweʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
blāu (instrumental neuter singular)
blāwē (masculine nominative plural)
blāwō (feminine nominative plural)
blāu (neuter nominative plural)
blāwā (accusative masculine plural)
blāwā (accusative feminine plural)
blāu (accusative neuter plural)
blāweʀō (genitive masculine plural)
blāweʀō (feminine genitive plural)
blāweʀō (genitive neuter plural)
blāwēm (dative masculine plural)
blāum (dative masculine plural)
blāwēm (dative feminine plural)
blāum (dative feminine plural)
blāwēm (dative neuter plural)
blāum (dative neuter plural)
blāwēm (instrumental masculine plural)
blāum (instrumental masculine plural)
blāwēm (feminine instrumental plural)
blāum (feminine instrumental plural)
blāwēm (instrumental neuter plural)
blāum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: blāw, blēo, *blǣ(w) (only attested with i-mutation in blǣhǣwen and blǣwen), possibly in placenames (Blauuefelda , Blafelda, Blowedoune, Blouhulle)

Middle English: bloo, blo

English: blow

Old Frisian: blāu, blāw

North Frisian: bla, blö

Saterland Frisian: blau

West Frisian: blau

desctree

Old Saxon: blāo, blāu
Middle Low German: blâ, blâw, blauwe
Low German: blau, blaag, bloe (dialectal)
Dutch Low Saxon: blauw
German Low German: blaag, blag, blau, blaug, blo', blao
Plautdietsch: bleiw

Old Dutch: *blāo
Middle Dutch: blau, blauwe
Dutch: blauw, blouw (misspelling), blaauw (before 1864)
Afrikaans: blou
Berbice Creole Dutch: blau
Jersey Dutch: blāu
Negerhollands: blauw, blou, blau
Petjo: blaoe, blauw, blauwe
→ Lokono: barautho
→ Caribbean Hindustani: bláu
→ Indonesian: belau
→ Papiamentu: blou, blaauw
→ Sranan Tongo: blaw
Aukan: baaw
→ Caribbean Javanese: blau
→ Saramaccan: baáu
→ Warao: hebulau, jeburau
Limburgish: blów

Old High German: blāo, plāo
Middle High German: blā
Alemannic German: blaaw
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: plabe
Gottscheerish: blūb
Central Franconian: bloo, blau
Hunsrik: blau
Luxembourgish: blo
German: blau
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: bloh
Vilamovian: błöw
Yiddish: בלאָ (blo), בלוי (bloy)
→ Spanish: blao

→ Old French: bloe, blou, bleu, blu, blef, bleve
Bourguignon: blieu
Champenois: bieu
Middle French: bleu
French: bleu
Haitian Creole: ble
→ Greek: μπλε (ble)
→ Italian: blu
→ Ladino: blu
Louisiana Creole: blé, ble
→ Dutch: bleu
Norman: bliû (Jersey), bllu, blleu
Walloon: bleu, bleuwe, blåwe
→ Middle English: blewe, blew, bleu, blue, blwe, blw, blyu
English: blue
Scots: blew, blue
Yola: blue
→ Sicilian: blu

→ Vulgar Latin: blāvus (see there for further descendants)


grīs

grīs (masculine nominative singular)
grīsu (feminine nominative singular)
grīs (neuter nominative singular)
grīsanā (accusative masculine singular)
grīsā (accusative feminine singular)
grīs (accusative neuter singular)
grīsas (genitive masculine singular)
grīseʀā (feminine genitive singular)
grīsas (genitive neuter singular)
grīsumē (dative masculine singular)
grīseʀē (dative feminine singular)
grīsumē (dative neuter singular)
grīsu (instrumental masculine singular)
grīseʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
grīsu (instrumental neuter singular)
grīsē (masculine nominative plural)
grīsō (feminine nominative plural)
grīsu (neuter nominative plural)
grīsā (accusative masculine plural)
grīsā (accusative feminine plural)
grīsu (accusative neuter plural)
grīseʀō (genitive masculine plural)
grīseʀō (feminine genitive plural)
grīseʀō (genitive neuter plural)
grīsēm (dative masculine plural)
grīsum (dative masculine plural)
grīsēm (dative feminine plural)
grīsum (dative feminine plural)
grīsēm (dative neuter plural)
grīsum (dative neuter plural)
grīsēm (instrumental masculine plural)
grīsum (instrumental masculine plural)
grīsēm (feminine instrumental plural)
grīsum (feminine instrumental plural)
grīsēm (instrumental neuter plural)
grīsum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Frisian: grīs

Saterland Frisian: gries

West Frisian: griis

Old Saxon: grīs

Middle Low German: grîs

German Low German: gries

→ German: gries

Plautdietsch: jriess

Old Dutch: *grīs

Middle Dutch: grise, grijs

Dutch: grijs

Afrikaans: grys

Old High German: grīs

Middle High German: grīs

Central Franconian: greis, jries

German: greis

Gallo-Romance:

→ Catalan: gris

→ Ligurian: grîxo

→? Corsican: grisgiu

→? Italian: grigio

→ Lombard: gris

→ Old Occitan: gris

Occitan: gris

→ Galician: gris

→ Spanish: gris

→ Old French: gris, grise

Middle French: gris

French: gris

Norman: gris

Walloon: gris, grise

desc

→ Middle English: gris, grys (“gray; gray fur”)

→ Medieval Latin: grīseus

Old French: grisel

→ Middle English: grisel, griselle, gresel (“gray; gray hair”)

English: grizzle

→ Piedmontese: gris

→ Venetan: grixo

→ Greek: γκρίζος (gkrízos)


sūr

sūr (masculine nominative singular)
sūru (feminine nominative singular)
sūr (neuter nominative singular)
sūranā (accusative masculine singular)
sūrā (accusative feminine singular)
sūr (accusative neuter singular)
sūras (genitive masculine singular)
sūreʀā (feminine genitive singular)
sūras (genitive neuter singular)
sūrumē (dative masculine singular)
sūreʀē (dative feminine singular)
sūrumē (dative neuter singular)
sūru (instrumental masculine singular)
sūreʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
sūru (instrumental neuter singular)
sūrē (masculine nominative plural)
sūrō (feminine nominative plural)
sūru (neuter nominative plural)
sūrā (accusative masculine plural)
sūrā (accusative feminine plural)
sūru (accusative neuter plural)
sūreʀō (genitive masculine plural)
sūreʀō (feminine genitive plural)
sūreʀō (genitive neuter plural)
sūrēm (dative masculine plural)
sūrum (dative masculine plural)
sūrēm (dative feminine plural)
sūrum (dative feminine plural)
sūrēm (dative neuter plural)
sūrum (dative neuter plural)
sūrēm (instrumental masculine plural)
sūrum (instrumental masculine plural)
sūrēm (feminine instrumental plural)
sūrum (feminine instrumental plural)
sūrēm (instrumental neuter plural)
sūrum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: sūr
Middle English: sur, sour
English: sour
Scots: sour, soor

Old Frisian: *sūr

Saterland Frisian: suur

West Frisian: soer

Old Saxon: sūr (in compounds)

Middle Low German: sūr

Low German: suur

Plautdietsch: sua

Old Dutch: *sūr

Middle Dutch: suur

Dutch: zuur

Afrikaans: suur

Limburgish: zoer

Old High German: sūr
Middle High German: sūr
Central Franconian: suur, souer (Moselle Franconian)
German: sauer
Luxembourgish: sauer
Vilamovian: zaojwer
Yiddish: זויער (zoyer)
→ Polish: żur

→ Old French: sur [1160 CE] (see there for further descendants)


grātan

grātan (infinitive)
grātannjas (genitive infinitive)
grātannjē (dative infinitive)
grātannju (infinitive instrumental)
grātu (first-person present singular)
grēt (first-person past singular)
grātiʀi (present second-person singular)
grētī (past second-person singular)
grātidi (present singular third-person)
grēt (past singular third-person)
grātum (first-person plural present)
grētum (first-person past plural)
grātid (plural present second-person)
grētud (past plural second-person)
grātand (plural present third-person)
grētun (past plural third-person)
grātē (first-person present singular)
grētī (first-person past singular)
grātēs (present second-person singular)
grātē (present singular third-person)
grētī (past singular third-person)
grātēm (first-person plural present)
grētīm (first-person past plural)
grātēþ (plural present second-person)
grētīd (past plural second-person)
grātēn (plural present third-person)
grētīn (past plural third-person)
grāt (present singular)
grātid (plural present)
grātandī (participle present)
grātan (participle past)

Old English: grǣtan

Middle English: greten

Scots: grete, greit

English: greet

Old Saxon: grātan
Middle Low German: gretten, grötten
Low German: graten

Old High German: grāzzan

Middle High German: grāzen; grazieren

Alemannic German: graasse

→ Old French: regrater, regreter

Middle French: regreter, regretter

French: regretter

→ Middle English: regretten

English: regret


rāsu

rāsu (nominative singular)
rāswō (nominative plural)
rāswā (accusative singular)
rāswā (accusative plural)
rāswā (genitive singular)
rāswō (genitive plural)
rāswē (dative singular)
rāswōm (dative plural)
rāsum (dative plural)
rāsu (instrumental singular)
rāswōm (instrumental plural)
rāsum (instrumental plural)

Old English: rǣs

⇒? Middle Low German: rassen (verb)

⇒ Middle Low German: rasselen


glīdan

glīdan (infinitive)
glīdannjas (genitive infinitive)
glīdannjē (dative infinitive)
glīdannju (infinitive instrumental)
glīdu (first-person present singular)
glaid (first-person past singular)
glīdiʀi (present second-person singular)
glidī (past second-person singular)
glīdidi (present singular third-person)
glaid (past singular third-person)
glīdum (first-person plural present)
glidum (first-person past plural)
glīdid (plural present second-person)
glidud (past plural second-person)
glīdand (plural present third-person)
glidun (past plural third-person)
glīdē (first-person present singular)
glidī (first-person past singular)
glīdēs (present second-person singular)
glīdē (present singular third-person)
glidī (past singular third-person)
glīdēm (first-person plural present)
glidīm (first-person past plural)
glīdēþ (plural present second-person)
glidīd (past plural second-person)
glīdēn (plural present third-person)
glidīn (past plural third-person)
glīd (present singular)
glīdid (plural present)
glīdandī (participle present)
glidan (participle past)

Old English: glīdan
Middle English: gliden
Scots: glyde, glide
English: glide

Old Frisian: glīda

Saterland Frisian: gliede

West Frisian: glide, glydzje

Old Saxon: glīdan
Middle Low German: glīden
Low German: glieden
→ Swedish: glida
→ Danish: glide

Old Dutch: *glīdan
Middle Dutch: gliden
Dutch: glijden
Limburgish: glieje

Old High German: glītan
Middle High German: glīten
German: gleiten
Luxembourgish: gleeden
Yiddish: גלייטן (gleytn)
Yiddish: גליטשן (glitshn)

desc

→ Old French: glacer, glasser, glisser, glier

Middle French: glicier, gliier, glisser

French: glisser

Picard: glicher

→ Middle English: glacen, glasen

English: glance

⇒ Middle English: glase, glace


grīpan

grīpan (infinitive)
grīpannjas (genitive infinitive)
grīpannjē (dative infinitive)
grīpannju (infinitive instrumental)
grīpu (first-person present singular)
graip (first-person past singular)
grīpiʀi (present second-person singular)
gripī (past second-person singular)
grīpidi (present singular third-person)
graip (past singular third-person)
grīpum (first-person plural present)
gripum (first-person past plural)
grīpid (plural present second-person)
gripud (past plural second-person)
grīpand (plural present third-person)
gripun (past plural third-person)
grīpē (first-person present singular)
gripī (first-person past singular)
grīpēs (present second-person singular)
grīpē (present singular third-person)
gripī (past singular third-person)
grīpēm (first-person plural present)
gripīm (first-person past plural)
grīpēþ (plural present second-person)
gripīd (past plural second-person)
grīpēn (plural present third-person)
gripīn (past plural third-person)
grīp (present singular)
grīpid (plural present)
grīpandī (participle present)
gripan (participle past)

desctree

Old English: grīpan
Middle English: gripen
Scots: gripe
English: gripe

Old Frisian: grīpa

North Frisian: gripe

Saterland Frisian: griepe

West Frisian: gripe

Old Saxon: grīpan
Middle Low German: grîpen
Low German: griepen
Plautdietsch: jriepen

Old Dutch: grīpan
Middle Dutch: gripen
Dutch: grijpen
Afrikaans: gryp
Limburgish: griepe

Old High German: grīfan
Middle High German: grīfen
Cimbrian: graifan
German: greifen
Luxembourgish: gräifen
→ Old French: grifer
French: griffer
⇒ Italian: grinfia

→ Old French: *gripper

French: gripper

⇒ French: grippe (noun) (see there for further descendants)


slītan

slītan (infinitive)
slītannjas (genitive infinitive)
slītannjē (dative infinitive)
slītannju (infinitive instrumental)
slītu (first-person present singular)
slait (first-person past singular)
slītiʀi (present second-person singular)
slitī (past second-person singular)
slītidi (present singular third-person)
slait (past singular third-person)
slītum (first-person plural present)
slitum (first-person past plural)
slītid (plural present second-person)
slitud (past plural second-person)
slītand (plural present third-person)
slitun (past plural third-person)
slītē (first-person present singular)
slitī (first-person past singular)
slītēs (present second-person singular)
slītē (present singular third-person)
slitī (past singular third-person)
slītēm (first-person plural present)
slitīm (first-person past plural)
slītēþ (plural present second-person)
slitīd (past plural second-person)
slītēn (plural present third-person)
slitīn (past plural third-person)
slīt (present singular)
slītid (plural present)
slītandī (participle present)
slitan (participle past)

Old English: slītan
Middle English: sliten
English: slit, slite
Scots: slite, slyte

Old Frisian: slīta

North Frisian: slitten

Saterland Frisian: sliete

West Frisian: slite

Old Saxon: slītan
Middle Low German: slîten
German Low German: slieten

Old Dutch: *slītan
Middle Dutch: sliten
Dutch: slijten
Afrikaans: slyt
Limburgish: sliete

Old High German: slīzan

Middle High German: slīzen

German: schleißen

Luxembourgish: schläissen

→ Old French: esclicer [1080 CE] (see there for further descendants)


wīpan

wīpan (infinitive)
wīpannjas (genitive infinitive)
wīpannjē (dative infinitive)
wīpannju (infinitive instrumental)
wīpu (first-person present singular)
waip (first-person past singular)
wīpiʀi (present second-person singular)
wipī (past second-person singular)
wīpidi (present singular third-person)
waip (past singular third-person)
wīpum (first-person plural present)
wipum (first-person past plural)
wīpid (plural present second-person)
wipud (past plural second-person)
wīpand (plural present third-person)
wipun (past plural third-person)
wīpē (first-person present singular)
wipī (first-person past singular)
wīpēs (present second-person singular)
wīpē (present singular third-person)
wipī (past singular third-person)
wīpēm (first-person plural present)
wipīm (first-person past plural)
wīpēþ (plural present second-person)
wipīd (past plural second-person)
wīpēn (plural present third-person)
wipīn (past plural third-person)
wīp (present singular)
wīpid (plural present)
wīpandī (participle present)
wipan (participle past)

Old Dutch: *wīpan

Middle Dutch: wîpen

Dutch: wijpen, wiepen

Old High German: *wīfan

Middle High German: wīfen

⇒ Old High German: *biwīfan

desc

Old High German: biwifan (“unlucky, damned”, past participle)

→ Old French: guiper

Middle French: guiper

⇒ Middle French: ghippure

French: guipure


fulu

Old Frisian: fule, fula, ful

North Frisian:

Föhr-Amrum: föl

Mooring: foole

Wiedingharde: fole

East Frisian:

Saterland Frisian: fúul, ful

West Frisian: folle

Hindeloopen: fulle

Schiermonnikoog: fole

>? Old High German: fulu, folo (potentially scribal errors)


swīn

swīn (nominative singular)
swīnu (nominative plural)
swīn (accusative singular)
swīnu (accusative plural)
swīnas (genitive singular)
swīnō (genitive plural)
swīnē (dative singular)
swīnum (dative plural)
swīnu (instrumental singular)
swīnum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: swīn, swȳn
Middle English: swyn, sqwyne, suin, swein, sweyne, swin, swine, swiyn, swyne, swynne, zuin
English: swine
Scots: swine

Old Frisian: swīn

North Frisian: swin

Saterland Frisian: Swien

West Frisian: swyn

Old Saxon: *swīn

Middle Low German: swīn

Low German: Swien

German Low German: Swien, Schwiin

Plautdietsch: Schwien

Old Dutch: *swīn
Middle Dutch: swijn
Dutch: zwijn
Afrikaans: swyn
Limburgish: zwien

Old High German: swīn

Middle High German: swīn

Alemannic German:

Walser: Schwii

Central Franconian: Schwein

Hunsrik: Schwein

Luxembourgish: Schwäin

German: Schwein

Vilamovian: śwajn


þakkjan

þakkjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
þakkjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
þakkjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
þakkjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
þakkju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
þakidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
þakisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
þakidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þakidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þakiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
þakidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þakidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þakkjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
þakidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
þakiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
þakidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
þakkjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
þakidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
þakkjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
þakidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
þakkjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
þakidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þakkjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
þakidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þakkjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
þakidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
þakkjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
þakidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
þakkjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
þakidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
þaki (class-1 present singular weak)
þakiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
þakkjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
þakid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: þeċċean, þeċċan

qualifier

unassibilated form possibly from Old Norse <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">þekja</i>

Middle English: thecchen, theken (unassibilated form possibly from Old Norse þekja)

Scots: theke, theik, thack

English: thatch

Yola: detch

Old Frisian: thekka, thekkia

Saterland Frisian: däkke

West Frisian: dekke

Old Saxon: thekkian

Middle Low German: decken

German Low German: decken

desctree

Old Dutch: thecken
Middle Dutch: decken
Dutch: dekken
Limburgish: dèkke

Old High German: decchen

Middle High German: decken

German: decken

Luxembourgish: decken

From Proto-Germanic *þakjaną. Equivalent to *þak (“roof, covering”) + *-jan.


þakkjan

Old English: þeċċan

Old High German: *dahhen

⇒ Old High German: dahhazen


hrugi

hrugi (nominative singular)
hruggjō (nominative plural)
hruggjōs (nominative plural)
hrugi (accusative singular)
hruggjā (accusative plural)
hruggjas (genitive singular)
hruggjō (genitive plural)
hruggjē (dative singular)
hruggjum (dative plural)
hruggju (instrumental singular)
hruggjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hryċġ, hriċġ, hrig, hryc, hryg
Middle English: rig, rigge, rug, ryg, rygge
Scots: rig
English: ridge, rig (Northern)

Old Frisian: *hregg, hreg

North Frisian: reg

Saterland Frisian: Rääch

West Frisian: rêch

Old Saxon: hruggi

Middle Low German: rügge

German Low German: Rügge, Rügg

Plautdietsch: Rigjen

Old Dutch: ruggi
Middle Dutch: rugge
Dutch: rug
Afrikaans: rug
Jersey Dutch: rœx
Negerhollands: rugge, rigi, rege
Limburgish: rögk
West Flemish: rik, rugge

Old High German: rucki, ruggi, hruggi
Middle High German: rücke


wigi

wigi (nominative singular)
wiggju (nominative plural)
wigi (accusative singular)
wiggju (accusative plural)
wiggjas (genitive singular)
wiggjō (genitive plural)
wiggjē (dative singular)
wiggjum (dative plural)
wiggju (instrumental singular)
wiggjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wiċġ, wyċġ

Middle English: *wigge, wig

English: widge

Old Frisian: wigge, widze, wedze

Old Saxon: wiggi, wigg, wig

Old Dutch: wiggi


bruggju

bruggju (nominative singular)
bruggjō (nominative plural)
bruggjā (accusative singular)
bruggjā (accusative plural)
bruggjā (genitive singular)
bruggjō (genitive plural)
bruggjē (dative singular)
bruggjōm (dative plural)
bruggjum (dative plural)
bruggju (instrumental singular)
bruggjōm (instrumental plural)
bruggjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bryċġ
Middle English: brigge, brugge, brygge, bregge, brige, brig, bryge, brydge
English: bridge
Geordie English: brig
Scots: brig
Yola: burge

Old Frisian: brigge, bregge

North Frisian: brag, Bröch (Sylt)

Saterland Frisian: Brääch

West Frisian: brêge

Old Saxon: bruggia, bruggie, brugge
Middle Low German: brugge
Low German: Brügge
Dutch Low Saxon: brugge (Achterhoeks, Drents, Gronings, Twents, Veluws), brogge (Drents, Stellingwerfs, Veluws), brog (Drents, Gronings, Veluws)
German Low German: Brugge, Brügg(e), Brüch
Plautdietsch: Brigj

Old Dutch: brugga
Middle Dutch: brugge
Dutch: brug, Brugge
Afrikaans: brug
→ Papiamentu: brùg
Limburgish: brögk

Old High German: brugga, brucca
Middle High German: brucke, brücke, brügge, brugge
Alemannic German: Brugg
Bavarian: Bruck, Brugg
Central Franconian: Bröck, Breck (Moselle Franconian)
Hunsrik: Brick
Luxembourgish: Bréck
East Central German: Brick
German: Brücke
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Brick
Vilamovian: bryk
Yiddish: בריק (brik)


mirkwī

mirkwī (masculine nominative singular)
mirkwiju (feminine nominative singular)
mirkwī (neuter nominative singular)
mirkwijanā (accusative masculine singular)
mirkwijā (accusative feminine singular)
mirkwī (accusative neuter singular)
mirkwijas (genitive masculine singular)
mirkwijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
mirkwijas (genitive neuter singular)
mirkwijumē (dative masculine singular)
mirkwijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
mirkwijumē (dative neuter singular)
mirkwiju (instrumental masculine singular)
mirkwijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
mirkwiju (instrumental neuter singular)
mirkwijē (masculine nominative plural)
mirkwijō (feminine nominative plural)
mirkwiju (neuter nominative plural)
mirkwijā (accusative masculine plural)
mirkwijā (accusative feminine plural)
mirkwiju (accusative neuter plural)
mirkwijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
mirkwijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
mirkwijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
mirkwijēm (dative masculine plural)
mirkwijum (dative masculine plural)
mirkwijēm (dative feminine plural)
mirkwijum (dative feminine plural)
mirkwijēm (dative neuter plural)
mirkwijum (dative neuter plural)
mirkwijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
mirkwijum (instrumental masculine plural)
mirkwijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
mirkwijum (feminine instrumental plural)
mirkwijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
mirkwijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: mirce, mierce

Middle English: mirke, merke

Scots: mirk, merk, mark

English: mirk, murk

Old Saxon: mirki

From Proto-Germanic *merkuz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


skeldu

skeldu (nominative singular)
skildiwi (nominative plural)
skeldō (nominative plural)
skeldu (accusative singular)
skeldū (accusative plural)
skeldō (genitive singular)
skildiwō (genitive plural)
skildiwi (dative singular)
skeldō (dative singular)
skeldum (dative plural)
skeldu (instrumental singular)
skeldum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sċield, sċeld — Anglian, Kentish, sċild, sċyld
Middle English: scheld, schild, sheld, shild, shelde
Scots: scheld, scheild
English: shield

Old Frisian: skeld, skild, schild

North Frisian: skilt

Saterland Frisian: Skild, Schild

West Frisian: skyld

Old Saxon: skild, skeld
Middle Low German: schilt
Low German:
German Low German: Schild
Plautdietsch: Schilt

Old Dutch: skilt
Middle Dutch: schilt
Dutch: schild
Afrikaans: skild
Limburgish: sjèldj, sjildj

Old High German: skild, skilt

Middle High German: schilt

Bavarian: Schüd, Schuid, Schüld

German: Schild

→ Esperanto: ŝildo

→ Ido: shildo

Luxembourgish: Schëld

Yiddish: שילד (shild)


þūsundi

Old English: þūsend
Middle English: thusand, thousand, thousend
English: thousand
→ Hawaiian: kaukani, tausani
Scots: thousand, thoosan, thoosand

Old Frisian: thūsend

Saterland Frisian: duusend, duzend

West Frisian: tûzen

Old Saxon: thūsund
Middle Low German: dûsent
German Low German: dusend
Plautdietsch: dusent

Old Dutch: thūsunt
Middle Dutch: dusent
Dutch: duizend
Afrikaans: duisend
Berbice Creole Dutch: dwesu
Negerhollands: dusend, dysent
→ Sranan Tongo: dusun
→ Dutch: doezoe
→ Saramaccan: dúsu
→ Trió: duizend
Limburgish: doezjend, doezjendj

Old High German: dūsunt, thūsunt
Middle High German: tūsent
Cimbrian: tauzing, tausankh (Luserna)
Central Franconian: dausend, duusend
German: tausend
Luxembourgish: dausend
Vilamovian: taojzyt, tauzyt, toüzyt
Yiddish: טויזנט (toyznt)


godalaus

godalaus (masculine nominative singular)
godalausu (feminine nominative singular)
godalaus (neuter nominative singular)
godalausanā (accusative masculine singular)
godalausā (accusative feminine singular)
godalaus (accusative neuter singular)
godalausas (genitive masculine singular)
godalauseʀā (feminine genitive singular)
godalausas (genitive neuter singular)
godalausumē (dative masculine singular)
godalauseʀē (dative feminine singular)
godalausumē (dative neuter singular)
godalausu (instrumental masculine singular)
godalauseʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
godalausu (instrumental neuter singular)
godalausē (masculine nominative plural)
godalausō (feminine nominative plural)
godalausu (neuter nominative plural)
godalausā (accusative masculine plural)
godalausā (accusative feminine plural)
godalausu (accusative neuter plural)
godalauseʀō (genitive masculine plural)
godalauseʀō (feminine genitive plural)
godalauseʀō (genitive neuter plural)
godalausēm (dative masculine plural)
godalausum (dative masculine plural)
godalausēm (dative feminine plural)
godalausum (dative feminine plural)
godalausēm (dative neuter plural)
godalausum (dative neuter plural)
godalausēm (instrumental masculine plural)
godalausum (instrumental masculine plural)
godalausēm (feminine instrumental plural)
godalausum (feminine instrumental plural)
godalausēm (instrumental neuter plural)
godalausum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: *godlēas

English: godless

Old Frisian: *godlās

Saterland Frisian: godloos

West Frisian: goddeleas

Old Saxon: *godlōs

Middle Low German: gotlōs

Low German: gottlos

Old Dutch: *godlōs

Middle Dutch: *godloos

Dutch: goddeloos

Old High German: *gotlōs

Middle High German: gotlōs

German: gottlos

From Proto-Germanic *gudalausaz. Equivalent to *god + *-laus.


agalaitī

agalaitī (masculine nominative singular)
agalaitiju (feminine nominative singular)
agalaitī (neuter nominative singular)
agalaitijanā (accusative masculine singular)
agalaitijā (accusative feminine singular)
agalaitī (accusative neuter singular)
agalaitijas (genitive masculine singular)
agalaitijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
agalaitijas (genitive neuter singular)
agalaitijumē (dative masculine singular)
agalaitijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
agalaitijumē (dative neuter singular)
agalaitiju (instrumental masculine singular)
agalaitijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
agalaitiju (instrumental neuter singular)
agalaitijē (masculine nominative plural)
agalaitijō (feminine nominative plural)
agalaitiju (neuter nominative plural)
agalaitijā (accusative masculine plural)
agalaitijā (accusative feminine plural)
agalaitiju (accusative neuter plural)
agalaitijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
agalaitijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
agalaitijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
agalaitijēm (dative masculine plural)
agalaitijum (dative masculine plural)
agalaitijēm (dative feminine plural)
agalaitijum (dative feminine plural)
agalaitijēm (dative neuter plural)
agalaitijum (dative neuter plural)
agalaitijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
agalaitijum (instrumental masculine plural)
agalaitijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
agalaitijum (feminine instrumental plural)
agalaitijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
agalaitijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old High German: agaleizi

Middle High German: ageleize, ageleiz

ageleize

Old High German: agaleizo; Middle High German