wrōtan

wrōtan (infinitive)
wrōtannjas (genitive infinitive)
wrōtannjē (dative infinitive)
wrōtannju (infinitive instrumental)
wrōtu (first-person present singular)
wreōt (first-person past singular)
wrōtiʀi (present second-person singular)
wreōtī (past second-person singular)
wrōtidi (present singular third-person)
wreōt (past singular third-person)
wrōtum (first-person plural present)
wreōtum (first-person past plural)
wrōtid (plural present second-person)
wreōtud (past plural second-person)
wrōtand (plural present third-person)
wreōtun (past plural third-person)
wrōtē (first-person present singular)
wreōtī (first-person past singular)
wrōtēs (present second-person singular)
wrōtē (present singular third-person)
wreōtī (past singular third-person)
wrōtēm (first-person plural present)
wreōtīm (first-person past plural)
wrōtēþ (plural present second-person)
wreōtīd (past plural second-person)
wrōtēn (plural present third-person)
wreōtīn (past plural third-person)
wrōt (present singular)
wrōtid (plural present)
wrōtandī (participle present)
wrōtan (participle past)

Old English: wrōtan
Middle English: wroten, wrooten
English: root
Scots: wrutt, wort, rute, wirt, ruit

Old Saxon: *wrōtan

Middle Low German: wrôten

German Low German: wröten

Old Dutch: *wruotan

Middle Dutch: wroeten

Dutch: wroeten

Old High German: ruozzen


etul

etul (masculine nominative singular)
etulu (feminine nominative singular)
etul (neuter nominative singular)
etulanā (accusative masculine singular)
etulā (accusative feminine singular)
etul (accusative neuter singular)
etulas (genitive masculine singular)
etuleʀā (feminine genitive singular)
etulas (genitive neuter singular)
etulumē (dative masculine singular)
etuleʀē (dative feminine singular)
etulumē (dative neuter singular)
etulu (instrumental masculine singular)
etuleʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
etulu (instrumental neuter singular)
etulē (masculine nominative plural)
etulō (feminine nominative plural)
etulu (neuter nominative plural)
etulā (accusative masculine plural)
etulā (accusative feminine plural)
etulu (accusative neuter plural)
etuleʀō (genitive masculine plural)
etuleʀō (feminine genitive plural)
etuleʀō (genitive neuter plural)
etulēm (dative masculine plural)
etulum (dative masculine plural)
etulēm (dative feminine plural)
etulum (dative feminine plural)
etulēm (dative neuter plural)
etulum (dative neuter plural)
etulēm (instrumental masculine plural)
etulum (instrumental masculine plural)
etulēm (feminine instrumental plural)
etulum (feminine instrumental plural)
etulēm (instrumental neuter plural)
etulum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: etol

Old High German: *ezzal

⇒ Old High German: filuezzal

From Proto-Germanic *etulaz. Equivalent to *etan + *-ul.


skaþul

skaþul (masculine nominative singular)
skaþulu (feminine nominative singular)
skaþul (neuter nominative singular)
skaþulanā (accusative masculine singular)
skaþulā (accusative feminine singular)
skaþul (accusative neuter singular)
skaþulas (genitive masculine singular)
skaþuleʀā (feminine genitive singular)
skaþulas (genitive neuter singular)
skaþulumē (dative masculine singular)
skaþuleʀē (dative feminine singular)
skaþulumē (dative neuter singular)
skaþulu (instrumental masculine singular)
skaþuleʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
skaþulu (instrumental neuter singular)
skaþulē (masculine nominative plural)
skaþulō (feminine nominative plural)
skaþulu (neuter nominative plural)
skaþulā (accusative masculine plural)
skaþulā (accusative feminine plural)
skaþulu (accusative neuter plural)
skaþuleʀō (genitive masculine plural)
skaþuleʀō (feminine genitive plural)
skaþuleʀō (genitive neuter plural)
skaþulēm (dative masculine plural)
skaþulum (dative masculine plural)
skaþulēm (dative feminine plural)
skaþulum (dative feminine plural)
skaþulēm (dative neuter plural)
skaþulum (dative neuter plural)
skaþulēm (instrumental masculine plural)
skaþulum (instrumental masculine plural)
skaþulēm (feminine instrumental plural)
skaþulum (feminine instrumental plural)
skaþulēm (instrumental neuter plural)
skaþulum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: *sceaþol

Middle English: scathel

English: scathel, scaddle, skaddle; skedaddle

Old High German: scadel

From Proto-Germanic *skaþulaz. Equivalent to *skaþōn + *-ul.


swikul

swikul (masculine nominative singular)
swikulu (feminine nominative singular)
swikul (neuter nominative singular)
swikulanā (accusative masculine singular)
swikulā (accusative feminine singular)
swikul (accusative neuter singular)
swikulas (genitive masculine singular)
swikuleʀā (feminine genitive singular)
swikulas (genitive neuter singular)
swikulumē (dative masculine singular)
swikuleʀē (dative feminine singular)
swikulumē (dative neuter singular)
swikulu (instrumental masculine singular)
swikuleʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
swikulu (instrumental neuter singular)
swikulē (masculine nominative plural)
swikulō (feminine nominative plural)
swikulu (neuter nominative plural)
swikulā (accusative masculine plural)
swikulā (accusative feminine plural)
swikulu (accusative neuter plural)
swikuleʀō (genitive masculine plural)
swikuleʀō (feminine genitive plural)
swikuleʀō (genitive neuter plural)
swikulēm (dative masculine plural)
swikulum (dative masculine plural)
swikulēm (dative feminine plural)
swikulum (dative feminine plural)
swikulēm (dative neuter plural)
swikulum (dative neuter plural)
swikulēm (instrumental masculine plural)
swikulum (instrumental masculine plural)
swikulēm (feminine instrumental plural)
swikulum (feminine instrumental plural)
swikulēm (instrumental neuter plural)
swikulum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: swicol

Old High German: *swihhil

⇒ Old High German: biswihhil

From Proto-Germanic *swikulaz. Equivalent to *swīkwan + *-ul.

tending to betray, treacherous, deceitful


wankōn

wankōn (infinitive)
wankōnijas (genitive infinitive)
wankōnijē (dative infinitive)
wankōniju (infinitive instrumental)
wankō (first-person present singular)
wankōdā (first-person past singular)
wankōs (present second-person singular)
wankōdēs (past second-person singular)
wankōdōs (past second-person singular)
wankōþ (present singular third-person)
wankōdē (past singular third-person)
wankōdā (past singular third-person)
wankōm (first-person plural present)
wankōdum (first-person past plural)
wankōþ (plural present second-person)
wankōdud (past plural second-person)
wankōnþ (plural present third-person)
wankōdun (past plural third-person)
wankōdī (first-person past singular)
wankōdī (past second-person singular)
wankō (present singular third-person)
wankōdī (past singular third-person)
wankōdīm (first-person past plural)
wankōdīd (past plural second-person)
wankōn (plural present third-person)
wankōdīn (past plural third-person)
wankō (present singular)
wankōþ (plural present)
wankōndī (participle present)
wankōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: *wankia, *wonkia

Saterland Frisian: wonkje

West Frisian: wankje

Old Saxon: wankōn

Middle Low German: wanken

German Low German: wanken

→ Danish: vanke

→ Norwegian Bokmål: vanke

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: vanka

→ Swedish: vanka

desctree

Old Dutch: *wancon
Middle Dutch: wanken
Dutch: wanken

Old High German: wankōn

Middle High German: wanken

German: wanken


hūʀijuling

hūʀijuling (nominative singular)
hūʀijulingō (nominative plural)
hūʀijulingōs (nominative plural)
hūʀijuling (accusative singular)
hūʀijulingā (accusative plural)
hūʀijulingas (genitive singular)
hūʀijulingō (genitive plural)
hūʀijulingē (dative singular)
hūʀijulingum (dative plural)
hūʀijulingu (instrumental singular)
hūʀijulingum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hȳrling
Middle English: hirlyng
English: hireling

Old Frisian: *hērling

West Frisian: hierling

Old Saxon: *hūriling

Middle Low German: *hürling

German Low German: Hüürling

→ Danish: hyrling

→ German: Heuerling

Old Dutch: *hūriling

Middle Dutch: hûrlink

Dutch: huurling
Afrikaans: huurling
Negerhollands: hierlingen

Old High German: *hūriling

Middle High German: hûrlinc

From *hūʀiju (“payment, hire”) + *-ling.


harjabergu

harjabergu (nominative singular)
harjabergō (nominative plural)
harjabergā (accusative singular)
harjabergā (accusative plural)
harjabergā (genitive singular)
harjabergō (genitive plural)
harjabergē (dative singular)
harjabergōm (dative plural)
harjabergum (dative plural)
harjabergu (instrumental singular)
harjabergōm (instrumental plural)
harjabergum (instrumental plural)

Old English: herebeorg
Middle English: herberwe
English: harbor, harbour (Commonwealth), harborough, herborough, harborow (all obsolete)
→ Cebuano: harbor
→ Marshallese: aba
→ Welsh: harbwr
Middle Scots: herbery, harbery, herbrie
Scots: harboury (obsolete), hairbour (possibly borrowed from English)

Old Frisian: hereberge, hiriberge

Saterland Frisian: Härbierge

West Frisian: herberch

Old Saxon: heriberga

Middle Low German: herberge

Low German: Harbarge

→ Old Norse: herbergi
Icelandic: herbergi
Faroese: herbergi
Norwegian: herberge
Swedish: härbärge
Danish: herberge, herberg

→ Polabian: albargă

desc

Old Dutch: heribergo, hereberga, heribergi

Middle Dutch: herberghe

Dutch: herberg

Afrikaans: herberg

Old High German: heriberga

Middle High German: herberge

Alemannic German: Herbrig

German: Herberge

→ Medieval Latin: heribergo [8th c., Reichenau Glossary]

Old French: herberge, herberc, halberc [11th c., Alexis] (see there for further descendants)

→ Medieval Latin: alberga [1081] (see there for further descendants)


bainabergu

bainabergu (nominative singular)
bainabergō (nominative plural)
bainabergā (accusative singular)
bainabergā (accusative plural)
bainabergā (genitive singular)
bainabergō (genitive plural)
bainabergē (dative singular)
bainabergōm (dative plural)
bainabergum (dative plural)
bainabergu (instrumental singular)
bainabergōm (instrumental plural)
bainabergum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bānbeorg, bānberġe, bānġebeorg

Old Saxon: bēnberga

Old Dutch: bēnberga

Old High German: beinberga

Middle High German: beinberge

German: Beinberge

→ Medieval Latin: bainberga, beinberga, bemberga, bagnberga


skankō

skankō (nominative singular)
skankan (nominative plural)
skankan (accusative singular)
skankan (accusative plural)
skankini (genitive singular)
skankan (genitive singular)
skankanō (genitive plural)
skankini (dative singular)
skankan (dative singular)
skankum (dative plural)
skankini (instrumental singular)
skankan (instrumental singular)
skankum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: sċanca, sċeanca, sċeonca
Middle English: schanke, sconke, sceonke, schonke, shanke
English: shank
Scots: schank, schanck

Old Frisian:

West Frisian: skonk

Old Saxon: *skenka

Middle Low German: schenke

Dutch Low Saxon: schenke

Old Dutch: *skenko

Middle Dutch: schencke


skankil

skankil (nominative singular)
skankilō (nominative plural)
skankilōs (nominative plural)
skankil (accusative singular)
skankilā (accusative plural)
skankilas (genitive singular)
skankilō (genitive plural)
skankilē (dative singular)
skankilum (dative plural)
skankilu (instrumental singular)
skankilum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *skenkil

Middle Low German: schenkel

German Low German:

Westmünsterländisch: Schenkel

Old Dutch: *skenkil

Middle Dutch: scenkel, schenkel

Dutch: schenkel

Old High German: *skenkil

Middle High German: schenkel

German: Schenkel


kistu

kistu (nominative singular)
kistō (nominative plural)
kistā (accusative singular)
kistā (accusative plural)
kistā (genitive singular)
kistō (genitive plural)
kistē (dative singular)
kistōm (dative plural)
kistum (dative plural)
kistu (instrumental singular)
kistōm (instrumental plural)
kistum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ċist, ċest
Middle English: cheste, chist, chiste, chyst, cyst, kist, kiste, kyst, kyste, cæste (Early Middle English)
English: chest
Scots: kist
→ Middle Irish: ciste
Irish: ciste
→ Welsh: cist

Old Frisian: kiste

Saterland Frisian: Kiste

West Frisian: kiste

Old Saxon: kista

Middle Low German: kiste, keste

German Low German: Kiste, Kist

Old Dutch: *kista

Middle Dutch: kiste

Dutch: kist
Afrikaans: kis
Berbice Creole Dutch: kesi
Negerhollands: kist
→ Munsee: kusht
→ Sranan Tongo: kisi
→ Caribbean Hindustani: kisi
→ Saramaccan: kési

Old High German: kista

Middle High German: kiste

German: Kiste

Hunsrik: Kist

Luxembourgish: Këscht


sūmijan

sūmijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
sūmijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
sūmijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
sūmijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
sūmiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
sūmidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sūmisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
sūmidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sūmidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sūmiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
sūmidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sūmidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sūmijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
sūmidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sūmiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
sūmidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
sūmijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
sūmidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sūmijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
sūmidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sūmijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
sūmidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sūmijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
sūmidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sūmijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
sūmidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sūmijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
sūmidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
sūmijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
sūmidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sūmi (class-1 present singular weak)
sūmiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
sūmijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
sūmid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Frisian: *sūma

⇒ Old Frisian: ursūma

Old Saxon: *sūmian

Middle Low German: sûmen

German Low German:

Low Prussian: sîme, sîeme, sîëme

Westphalian:

Dortmunder: soẹ̆men, saọ̆m

Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: suimen

Sauerländisch: soimen

Old Dutch: *sūmen

Middle Dutch: sûmen

Dutch: zuimen, suymen (obsolete)

Old High German: sūmen

Middle High German: sûmen, soumen

German: säumen

Uncertain; perhaps from unattested *sūm, from Proto-Germanic *sūmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *suH-mó-s, from *sewH- (“to let go”) + *-mós, + *-jan. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐάω (eáō, “to let (go), allow, leave alone”).

cog

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache


bihagōn

bihagōn (infinitive)
bihagōnijas (genitive infinitive)
bihagōnijē (dative infinitive)
bihagōniju (infinitive instrumental)
bihagō (first-person present singular)
bihagōdā (first-person past singular)
bihagōs (present second-person singular)
bihagōdēs (past second-person singular)
bihagōdōs (past second-person singular)
bihagōþ (present singular third-person)
bihagōdē (past singular third-person)
bihagōdā (past singular third-person)
bihagōm (first-person plural present)
bihagōdum (first-person past plural)
bihagōþ (plural present second-person)
bihagōdud (past plural second-person)
bihagōnþ (plural present third-person)
bihagōdun (past plural third-person)
bihagōdī (first-person past singular)
bihagōdī (past second-person singular)
bihagō (present singular third-person)
bihagōdī (past singular third-person)
bihagōdīm (first-person past plural)
bihagōdīd (past plural second-person)
bihagōn (plural present third-person)
bihagōdīn (past plural third-person)
bihagō (present singular)
bihagōþ (plural present)
bihagōndī (participle present)
bihagōd (participle past)

Old English: *behagian

Middle English: bihaȝien, bihaȝen

Old Frisian: bihagia

Saterland Frisian: bihoagje

West Frisian: behaagje

Old Saxon: bihagōn

Middle Low German: behāgen

German Low German: behagen

→ Danish: behage

→ Norwegian: behage

→ Swedish: behaga

desctree

Old Dutch: *bihagon
Middle Dutch: behāgen
Dutch: behagen
Afrikaans: behaag
Negerhollands: behaeg, behaegen

Old High German: bihagon

Middle High German: behagen

German: behagen


sebunstirnī

sebunstirnī (nominative singular)
sebunstirnī (accusative singular)
sebunstirnijas (genitive singular)
sebunstirnijē (dative singular)
sebunstirniju (instrumental singular)

Old English: seofonstierre

Old Frisian: *sogenstēre, *savenstēre

q

Saterland Frisian: Soogengestiern (influenced by or possibly borrowed from German)

West Frisian: sânstjer

Old Saxon: *sivunstirni, *sivunstirri

desc

Middle Low German: sēvenstērne, sȫvenstērne; sēvensterre

Old Dutch: *sivonstirni, *sivonstirri

Middle Dutch: sēvensterre

Dutch: zevenster (now rare)

Old High German: sibunstirni, sibunstirri; sibunstern

Middle High German: sibenstërne

German: Siebenstern, Siebengestirn


irþīn

irþīn (masculine nominative singular)
irþīnu (feminine nominative singular)
irþīn (neuter nominative singular)
irþīnanā (accusative masculine singular)
irþīnā (accusative feminine singular)
irþīn (accusative neuter singular)
irþīnas (genitive masculine singular)
irþīneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
irþīnas (genitive neuter singular)
irþīnumē (dative masculine singular)
irþīneʀē (dative feminine singular)
irþīnumē (dative neuter singular)
irþīnu (instrumental masculine singular)
irþīneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
irþīnu (instrumental neuter singular)
irþīnē (masculine nominative plural)
irþīnō (feminine nominative plural)
irþīnu (neuter nominative plural)
irþīnā (accusative masculine plural)
irþīnā (accusative feminine plural)
irþīnu (accusative neuter plural)
irþīneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
irþīneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
irþīneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
irþīnēm (dative masculine plural)
irþīnum (dative masculine plural)
irþīnēm (dative feminine plural)
irþīnum (dative feminine plural)
irþīnēm (dative neuter plural)
irþīnum (dative neuter plural)
irþīnēm (instrumental masculine plural)
irþīnum (instrumental masculine plural)
irþīnēm (feminine instrumental plural)
irþīnum (feminine instrumental plural)
irþīnēm (instrumental neuter plural)
irþīnum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: eorþen, *yrþen

desctree

Middle English: erthen, erthene, erthin, erthyn, erþen, erþene, urþen, eorðen (Early Middle English)
English: earthen
Scots: erthen

Old Frisian: *erthen, *irthen

West Frisian: ierden

Old Saxon: *irthīn

Middle Low German: erden, ērden

German Low German: eerden

Old Dutch: *irthīn

Middle Dutch: erdijn

Dutch: aarden (remodeled after aarde)

Old High German: irdīn, erdīn

Middle High German: irdīn, erdīn

German: irden, (obsolete) erden

From Proto-Germanic *irþīnaz. Equivalent to *erþu (“earth”) + *-īn.


aikīn

aikīn (masculine nominative singular)
aikīnu (feminine nominative singular)
aikīn (neuter nominative singular)
aikīnanā (accusative masculine singular)
aikīnā (accusative feminine singular)
aikīn (accusative neuter singular)
aikīnas (genitive masculine singular)
aikīneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
aikīnas (genitive neuter singular)
aikīnumē (dative masculine singular)
aikīneʀē (dative feminine singular)
aikīnumē (dative neuter singular)
aikīnu (instrumental masculine singular)
aikīneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
aikīnu (instrumental neuter singular)
aikīnē (masculine nominative plural)
aikīnō (feminine nominative plural)
aikīnu (neuter nominative plural)
aikīnā (accusative masculine plural)
aikīnā (accusative feminine plural)
aikīnu (accusative neuter plural)
aikīneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
aikīneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
aikīneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
aikīnēm (dative masculine plural)
aikīnum (dative masculine plural)
aikīnēm (dative feminine plural)
aikīnum (dative feminine plural)
aikīnēm (dative neuter plural)
aikīnum (dative neuter plural)
aikīnēm (instrumental masculine plural)
aikīnum (instrumental masculine plural)
aikīnēm (feminine instrumental plural)
aikīnum (feminine instrumental plural)
aikīnēm (instrumental neuter plural)
aikīnum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: ǣċen, ācen
Middle English: oken, okene, okyn, aken, eken
English: oaken
Scots: aiken

Old Frisian: ēzen, ētzen

Old High German: eihhīn

German: eichen

Luxembourgish: eechen

From Proto-Germanic *aikīnaz. Equivalent to *aik (“oak”) + *-īn (adjective suffix).


birkīn

birkīn (masculine nominative singular)
birkīnu (feminine nominative singular)
birkīn (neuter nominative singular)
birkīnanā (accusative masculine singular)
birkīnā (accusative feminine singular)
birkīn (accusative neuter singular)
birkīnas (genitive masculine singular)
birkīneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
birkīnas (genitive neuter singular)
birkīnumē (dative masculine singular)
birkīneʀē (dative feminine singular)
birkīnumē (dative neuter singular)
birkīnu (instrumental masculine singular)
birkīneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
birkīnu (instrumental neuter singular)
birkīnē (masculine nominative plural)
birkīnō (feminine nominative plural)
birkīnu (neuter nominative plural)
birkīnā (accusative masculine plural)
birkīnā (accusative feminine plural)
birkīnu (accusative neuter plural)
birkīneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
birkīneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
birkīneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
birkīnēm (dative masculine plural)
birkīnum (dative masculine plural)
birkīnēm (dative feminine plural)
birkīnum (dative feminine plural)
birkīnēm (dative neuter plural)
birkīnum (dative neuter plural)
birkīnēm (instrumental masculine plural)
birkīnum (instrumental masculine plural)
birkīnēm (feminine instrumental plural)
birkīnum (feminine instrumental plural)
birkīnēm (instrumental neuter plural)
birkīnum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: bierċen, beorcen

Middle English: birken, birchen

Scots: birkin

English: birchen

Old Saxon: *birkīn

Low German: berken

Old Dutch: *birkin

Dutch: berken

Old High German: birkīn

German: birken

Luxembourgish: biirken


berku

berku (nominative singular)
berkō (nominative plural)
berkā (accusative singular)
berkā (accusative plural)
berkā (genitive singular)
berkō (genitive plural)
berkē (dative singular)
berkōm (dative plural)
berkum (dative plural)
berku (instrumental singular)
berkōm (instrumental plural)
berkum (instrumental plural)

Old English: beorc

Old Dutch: *berca

Middle Dutch: berke

Dutch: berk

Afrikaans: berk

Old High German: birka, biricha

Middle High German: birke, birche

German: Birke


fadrīn

fadrīn (masculine nominative singular)
fadrīnu (feminine nominative singular)
fadrīn (neuter nominative singular)
fadrīnanā (accusative masculine singular)
fadrīnā (accusative feminine singular)
fadrīn (accusative neuter singular)
fadrīnas (genitive masculine singular)
fadrīneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
fadrīnas (genitive neuter singular)
fadrīnumē (dative masculine singular)
fadrīneʀē (dative feminine singular)
fadrīnumē (dative neuter singular)
fadrīnu (instrumental masculine singular)
fadrīneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
fadrīnu (instrumental neuter singular)
fadrīnē (masculine nominative plural)
fadrīnō (feminine nominative plural)
fadrīnu (neuter nominative plural)
fadrīnā (accusative masculine plural)
fadrīnā (accusative feminine plural)
fadrīnu (accusative neuter plural)
fadrīneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
fadrīneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
fadrīneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
fadrīnēm (dative masculine plural)
fadrīnum (dative masculine plural)
fadrīnēm (dative feminine plural)
fadrīnum (dative feminine plural)
fadrīnēm (dative neuter plural)
fadrīnum (dative neuter plural)
fadrīnēm (instrumental masculine plural)
fadrīnum (instrumental masculine plural)
fadrīnēm (feminine instrumental plural)
fadrīnum (feminine instrumental plural)
fadrīnēm (instrumental neuter plural)
fadrīnum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: fæderen

Middle English: faderen, fadryn

From Proto-Germanic *fadrīnaz. Equivalent to *fader (“father”) + *-īn (adjective suffix).


fillīn

fillīn (masculine nominative singular)
fillīnu (feminine nominative singular)
fillīn (neuter nominative singular)
fillīnanā (accusative masculine singular)
fillīnā (accusative feminine singular)
fillīn (accusative neuter singular)
fillīnas (genitive masculine singular)
fillīneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
fillīnas (genitive neuter singular)
fillīnumē (dative masculine singular)
fillīneʀē (dative feminine singular)
fillīnumē (dative neuter singular)
fillīnu (instrumental masculine singular)
fillīneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
fillīnu (instrumental neuter singular)
fillīnē (masculine nominative plural)
fillīnō (feminine nominative plural)
fillīnu (neuter nominative plural)
fillīnā (accusative masculine plural)
fillīnā (accusative feminine plural)
fillīnu (accusative neuter plural)
fillīneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
fillīneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
fillīneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
fillīnēm (dative masculine plural)
fillīnum (dative masculine plural)
fillīnēm (dative feminine plural)
fillīnum (dative feminine plural)
fillīnēm (dative neuter plural)
fillīnum (dative neuter plural)
fillīnēm (instrumental masculine plural)
fillīnum (instrumental masculine plural)
fillīnēm (feminine instrumental plural)
fillīnum (feminine instrumental plural)
fillīnēm (instrumental neuter plural)
fillīnum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: fellen

Old High German: fellīn

Middle High German: vellīn

German: fellen (archaic)

From Proto-Germanic *fillīnaz. Equivalent to *fell (“skin, hide”) + *-īn.


gaitīn

gaitīn (masculine nominative singular)
gaitīnu (feminine nominative singular)
gaitīn (neuter nominative singular)
gaitīnanā (accusative masculine singular)
gaitīnā (accusative feminine singular)
gaitīn (accusative neuter singular)
gaitīnas (genitive masculine singular)
gaitīneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
gaitīnas (genitive neuter singular)
gaitīnumē (dative masculine singular)
gaitīneʀē (dative feminine singular)
gaitīnumē (dative neuter singular)
gaitīnu (instrumental masculine singular)
gaitīneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
gaitīnu (instrumental neuter singular)
gaitīnē (masculine nominative plural)
gaitīnō (feminine nominative plural)
gaitīnu (neuter nominative plural)
gaitīnā (accusative masculine plural)
gaitīnā (accusative feminine plural)
gaitīnu (accusative neuter plural)
gaitīneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
gaitīneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
gaitīneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
gaitīnēm (dative masculine plural)
gaitīnum (dative masculine plural)
gaitīnēm (dative feminine plural)
gaitīnum (dative feminine plural)
gaitīnēm (dative neuter plural)
gaitīnum (dative neuter plural)
gaitīnēm (instrumental masculine plural)
gaitīnum (instrumental masculine plural)
gaitīnēm (feminine instrumental plural)
gaitīnum (feminine instrumental plural)
gaitīnēm (instrumental neuter plural)
gaitīnum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: gǣten

Middle English: *geten, *gaiten, *goten

English: goaten (vowel restored by analogy)

Old High German: geiȥīn

Middle High German: geiȥen

German: geißen

From Proto-Germanic *gaitīnaz. Equivalent to *gait (“goat”) + *-īn.


mūsfallā

mūsfallā (nominative singular)
mūsfallōn (nominative plural)
mūsfallōn (accusative singular)
mūsfallōn (accusative plural)
mūsfallōn (genitive singular)
mūsfallōnō (genitive plural)
mūsfallōn (dative singular)
mūsfallōm (dative plural)
mūsfallum (dative plural)
mūsfallōn (instrumental singular)
mūsfallōm (instrumental plural)
mūsfallum (instrumental plural)

Old English: mūsfealle

desc

Middle English: mousfalle, mowsfalle, mosefalle

English: mousefall

Scots: mousfall

Old Frisian: *mūsfalle

Saterland Frisian: Muusefalle

West Frisian: mûzefalle

Old Saxon: mūsfalla

Middle Low German: mûsevalle

German Low German: Muusfalle, Muusfall

→ Danish: musefælde

→ Swedish: musfälla

→ Norwegian: musefelle

Old Dutch: *mūsfalla

Middle Dutch: muyseval, muysval

Dutch: muizeval, muizenval

Old High German: mūsfalla

Middle High German: mūsfalle, mūsvalle

German: Mausfalle, Mausefalle, Mäusefalle

From *mūs + *fallā (see *fall (“a fall, trap”)).


swangijan

swangijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
swangijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
swangijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
swangijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
swangiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
swangidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
swangisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
swangidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swangidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swangiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
swangidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swangidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swangijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
swangidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
swangiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
swangidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
swangijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
swangidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
swangijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
swangidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
swangijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
swangidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swangijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
swangidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swangijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
swangidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
swangijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
swangidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
swangijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
swangidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
swangi (class-1 present singular weak)
swangiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
swangijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
swangid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: swenġan
Middle English: swengen, swengyn, suenge (Northern)
English: swinge
Scots: swinge, sweenge, swunge
Yola: swinged (preterite)

Old Frisian: swenga

Old Saxon: *swengian

Middle Low German: swengen

Old Dutch: *swengen

Middle Dutch: swengen

From Proto-Germanic *swankijaną. Suggested to be related to Gothic 𐌰𐍆𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (afswaggwjan, “to despair”).


handutam

handutam (masculine nominative singular)
handutamu (feminine nominative singular)
handutam (neuter nominative singular)
handutamanā (accusative masculine singular)
handutamā (accusative feminine singular)
handutam (accusative neuter singular)
handutamas (genitive masculine singular)
handutameʀā (feminine genitive singular)
handutamas (genitive neuter singular)
handutamumē (dative masculine singular)
handutameʀē (dative feminine singular)
handutamumē (dative neuter singular)
handutamu (instrumental masculine singular)
handutameʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
handutamu (instrumental neuter singular)
handutamē (masculine nominative plural)
handutamō (feminine nominative plural)
handutamu (neuter nominative plural)
handutamā (accusative masculine plural)
handutamā (accusative feminine plural)
handutamu (accusative neuter plural)
handutameʀō (genitive masculine plural)
handutameʀō (feminine genitive plural)
handutameʀō (genitive neuter plural)
handutamēm (dative masculine plural)
handutamum (dative masculine plural)
handutamēm (dative feminine plural)
handutamum (dative feminine plural)
handutamēm (dative neuter plural)
handutamum (dative neuter plural)
handutamēm (instrumental masculine plural)
handutamum (instrumental masculine plural)
handutamēm (feminine instrumental plural)
handutamum (feminine instrumental plural)
handutamēm (instrumental neuter plural)
handutamum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: handtam

Middle English: handtame

English: handtame

Old Saxon: *handtam

Middle Low German: *hanttam

German Low German: handtamm

Old Dutch: *hanttam

Middle Dutch: *hanttam

Dutch: handtam

Old High German: hantzam, hantzām

Middle High German: *hantzām

German: handzahm


tammjan

tammjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
tammjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
tammjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
tammjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
tammju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tamidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tamisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tamidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tamidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tamiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tamidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tamidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tammjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tamidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tamiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tamidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tammjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tamidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tammjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tamidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tammjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tamidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tammjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tamidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tammjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tamidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tammjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tamidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tammjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tamidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tami (class-1 present singular weak)
tamiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
tammjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
tamid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: temian, *temman

Middle English: temien, temen; tamen

English: tame

Scots: team, tame

Old Frisian: temia, tema

Saterland Frisian: tieme

West Frisian: teme

Old Saxon: *temian, *temmian

Middle Low German: temen, temmen

German Low German: tähmen

Low German: temmen

Old Dutch: *temmen

Middle Dutch: temmen

Dutch: temmen

Afrikaans: tem

Old High German: zemen, zemmen

Middle High German: zemen

German: zähmen (with a long vowel by analogy with zahm)

Hunsrik: zaame

Luxembourgish: zeemen

From Proto-Germanic *tamjaną. Equivalent to *tam (“tame”) + *-jan.


þeutan

þeutan (infinitive)
þeutannjas (genitive infinitive)
þeutannjē (dative infinitive)
þeutannju (infinitive instrumental)
þeutu (first-person present singular)
þaut (first-person past singular)
þiutiʀi (present second-person singular)
þutī (past second-person singular)
þiutidi (present singular third-person)
þaut (past singular third-person)
þeutum (first-person plural present)
þutum (first-person past plural)
þiutid (plural present second-person)
þutud (past plural second-person)
þeutand (plural present third-person)
þutun (past plural third-person)
þeutē (first-person present singular)
þutī (first-person past singular)
þeutēs (present second-person singular)
þeutē (present singular third-person)
þutī (past singular third-person)
þeutēm (first-person plural present)
þutīm (first-person past plural)
þeutēþ (plural present second-person)
þutīd (past plural second-person)
þeutēn (plural present third-person)
þutīn (past plural third-person)
þiut (present singular)
þiutid (plural present)
þeutandī (participle present)
þotan (participle past)
*þūtan (alternative)

Old English: þēotan, þūtan

Old High German: diozan

Middle High German: diezen


habanu

habanu (nominative singular)
habanō (nominative plural)
habanā (accusative singular)
habanā (accusative plural)
habanā (genitive singular)
habanō (genitive plural)
habanē (dative singular)
habanōm (dative plural)
habanum (dative plural)
habanu (instrumental singular)
habanōm (instrumental plural)
habanum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hæfen, hæfene (possibly a loanword from Old Norse)

Middle English: haven, havene

Scots: havin, hevin, heavin

English: haven

Old Frisian: *hafen, *haven

Saterland Frisian: Hauenge, Hoawen (possibly loaned from Low German)

West Frisian: haven

Old Saxon: *havana; *havan m

Middle Low German: hāvene, hāven f or m

German Low German: Haven

→ Middle High German: habene f (also m?)

German: Hafen m (under direct Middle Low German influence)

Luxembourgish: Hafen

Yiddish: האַוון m (havn)

Old Dutch: *havana

Middle Dutch: hāvene

desctree

Dutch: haven
Afrikaans: hawe
→ Papiamentu: haf, haaf
→ Russian: гавань (gavanʹ)
→ Ukrainian: гавань (havanʹ)

→ Old French: havene, havre, hafne

Middle French: havre

French: havre

→ Spanish: abra

→ English: abra

→ Galician: abra


nabugaiʀ

nabugaiʀ (nominative singular)
nabugaiʀō (nominative plural)
nabugaiʀōs (nominative plural)
nabugaiʀ (accusative singular)
nabugaiʀā (accusative plural)
nabugaiʀas (genitive singular)
nabugaiʀō (genitive plural)
nabugaiʀē (dative singular)
nabugaiʀum (dative plural)
nabugaiʀu (instrumental singular)
nabugaiʀum (instrumental plural)

Old English: nafugār, nafogār, nafegār

Middle English: nauger, auger

English: auger

Old Frisian: navoger

Old Saxon: navugēr, nabugēr

desc

Middle Low German: neveger, eveger, never

Low German: naviger, näviger

Plautdietsch: Auger

Old Dutch: *navugēr

Middle Dutch: nāvegêer, nāveger, nāvegāer, āvegêer

Dutch: avegaar, eveger, egger

Old High German: nabagēr, nabigēr, nabugēr

Middle High German: nabeger, nebeger

German: Näber

Vilamovian: nȧgwer

→ Proto-Slavic: *nebozězъ, *nabozězъ

From Proto-Germanic *nabōgaizaz. Equivalent to *nabu (“nave”) + *gaiʀ (“spear”).


staum

staum (nominative singular)
staumō (nominative plural)
staumōs (nominative plural)
staum (accusative singular)
staumā (accusative plural)
staumas (genitive singular)
staumō (genitive plural)
staumē (dative singular)
staumum (dative plural)
staumu (instrumental singular)
staumum (instrumental plural)

Old English: stēam

Middle English: stēm, steem

Scots: stem, steam

English: steam

Old Frisian: *stām

Saterland Frisian: Stoom

West Frisian: steam

Old Saxon: *stōm

Middle Low German: stôm

German Low German: Stoom

Low German: stom

Old Dutch: *stōm

desctree

Middle Dutch: *stôom
Dutch: stoom
Afrikaans: stoom
→ Indonesian: setom, setum
→ Papiamentu: stoom (dated)
→ West Frisian: stoom
Limburgish: stoum


unsālī

unsālī (masculine nominative singular)
unsāliju (feminine nominative singular)
unsālī (neuter nominative singular)
unsālijanā (accusative masculine singular)
unsālijā (accusative feminine singular)
unsālī (accusative neuter singular)
unsālijas (genitive masculine singular)
unsālijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
unsālijas (genitive neuter singular)
unsālijumē (dative masculine singular)
unsālijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
unsālijumē (dative neuter singular)
unsāliju (instrumental masculine singular)
unsālijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
unsāliju (instrumental neuter singular)
unsālijē (masculine nominative plural)
unsālijō (feminine nominative plural)
unsāliju (neuter nominative plural)
unsālijā (accusative masculine plural)
unsālijā (accusative feminine plural)
unsāliju (accusative neuter plural)
unsālijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
unsālijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
unsālijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
unsālijēm (dative masculine plural)
unsālijum (dative masculine plural)
unsālijēm (dative feminine plural)
unsālijum (dative feminine plural)
unsālijēm (dative neuter plural)
unsālijum (dative neuter plural)
unsālijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
unsālijum (instrumental masculine plural)
unsālijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
unsālijum (feminine instrumental plural)
unsālijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
unsālijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: unsǣle

Middle English: unsele

English: unseel (obsolete)

Scots: unsele, unsel, unsell

From Proto-Germanic *unsēliz + *-ī (adjective suffix). Equivalent to *un- + *sālī.


sāliþu

sāliþu (nominative singular)
sāliþō (nominative plural)
sāliþā (accusative singular)
sāliþā (accusative plural)
sāliþā (genitive singular)
sāliþō (genitive plural)
sāliþē (dative singular)
sāliþōm (dative plural)
sāliþum (dative plural)
sāliþu (instrumental singular)
sāliþōm (instrumental plural)
sāliþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sǣlþ

Middle English: selthe

Old Saxon: sālitha, sāltha

Middle Low German: sâlde, sêlde

Old Dutch: sālda
Middle Dutch: sâelde, salde, zalde

Old High German: sālida

desc

Middle High German: sālide, sēlide, sælede, sālde, sælde, seilde

From Proto-Germanic *sēliþō. Equivalent to *sālī (“happy”) + *-iþu.


sīkan

sīkan (infinitive)
sīkannjas (genitive infinitive)
sīkannjē (dative infinitive)
sīkannju (infinitive instrumental)
sīku (first-person present singular)
saik (first-person past singular)
sīkiʀi (present second-person singular)
sikī (past second-person singular)
sīkidi (present singular third-person)
saik (past singular third-person)
sīkum (first-person plural present)
sikum (first-person past plural)
sīkid (plural present second-person)
sikud (past plural second-person)
sīkand (plural present third-person)
sikun (past plural third-person)
sīkē (first-person present singular)
sikī (first-person past singular)
sīkēs (present second-person singular)
sīkē (present singular third-person)
sikī (past singular third-person)
sīkēm (first-person plural present)
sikīm (first-person past plural)
sīkēþ (plural present second-person)
sikīd (past plural second-person)
sīkēn (plural present third-person)
sikīn (past plural third-person)
sīk (present singular)
sīkid (plural present)
sīkandī (participle present)
sikan (participle past)

desctree

Old English: sīcan, sȳcan
Middle English: siken, syken, sichen, sychen
English: sike (archaic, except northern England)
⇒ Middle English: sighen, syghen, siʒhen
English: sigh
⇒ Middle English: sythen, sithen, sethen
English: sithe (archaic, obsolete)

Old Dutch: *sīcan

Middle Dutch: *sîken

Dutch: zijken (dialectal)

⇒ Middle Dutch: versîken

West Frisian: sykje

Perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *seykʷ- (“to pour out”); compare semantics of *sūftōn (“to sigh, lament”), from Proto-Indo-European *sewp- (“to pour out”).


skrīkijan

skrīkijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
skrīkijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
skrīkijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
skrīkijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
skrīkiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skrīkidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skrīkisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skrīkidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skrīkidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skrīkiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skrīkidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skrīkidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skrīkijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skrīkidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skrīkiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skrīkidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skrīkijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skrīkidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skrīkijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skrīkidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skrīkijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skrīkidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skrīkijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skrīkidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skrīkijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skrīkidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skrīkijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skrīkidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skrīkijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skrīkidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skrīki (class-1 present singular weak)
skrīkiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
skrīkijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
skrīkid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *sċrīċan

Middle English: schrichen


skrikkōn

skrikkōn (infinitive)
skrikkōnijas (genitive infinitive)
skrikkōnijē (dative infinitive)
skrikkōniju (infinitive instrumental)
skrikkō (first-person present singular)
skrikkōdā (first-person past singular)
skrikkōs (present second-person singular)
skrikkōdēs (past second-person singular)
skrikkōdōs (past second-person singular)
skrikkōþ (present singular third-person)
skrikkōdē (past singular third-person)
skrikkōdā (past singular third-person)
skrikkōm (first-person plural present)
skrikkōdum (first-person past plural)
skrikkōþ (plural present second-person)
skrikkōdud (past plural second-person)
skrikkōnþ (plural present third-person)
skrikkōdun (past plural third-person)
skrikkōdī (first-person past singular)
skrikkōdī (past second-person singular)
skrikkō (present singular third-person)
skrikkōdī (past singular third-person)
skrikkōdīm (first-person past plural)
skrikkōdīd (past plural second-person)
skrikkōn (plural present third-person)
skrikkōdīn (past plural third-person)
skrikkō (present singular)
skrikkōþ (plural present)
skrikkōndī (participle present)
skrikkōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: *skrikkia

West Frisian: skrikke

Old Saxon: *skrekkōn, *skrekkian

desc

Middle Low German: schrecken, schracken, schricken, scrikken

German Low German: scherken, schörken, schirken, schirksen

→ Swedish: skräcka

Old Dutch: *scrickōn

Middle Dutch: schrikken

desctree

Dutch: schrikken
Afrikaans: skrik
Berbice Creole Dutch: skreki, skriki
Negerhollands: skrek, skrik
→ Aukan: sikeleki
→ Sranan Tongo: skreki

Old High German: skrekkōn, screckōn

Middle High German: schrecken

German: schrecken

Unknown; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to jump, leap”), perhaps cognate with Ancient Greek σκαίρω (skaírō, “jump, hop, dance”), Welsh cerdded (“to walk”).

cog

→ Danish: forskrække

Middle Low German: vörschrecken, vorschrecken, vorschricken

verschrecken

Old High German: *firskrekkōn; Middle High German


hlāu

hlāu (masculine nominative singular)
hlāu (feminine nominative singular)
hlāu (neuter nominative singular)
hlāwanā (accusative masculine singular)
hlāwā (accusative feminine singular)
hlāu (accusative neuter singular)
hlāwas (genitive masculine singular)
hlāweʀā (feminine genitive singular)
hlāwas (genitive neuter singular)
hlāumē (dative masculine singular)
hlāweʀē (dative feminine singular)
hlāumē (dative neuter singular)
hlāu (instrumental masculine singular)
hlāweʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
hlāu (instrumental neuter singular)
hlāwē (masculine nominative plural)
hlāwō (feminine nominative plural)
hlāu (neuter nominative plural)
hlāwā (accusative masculine plural)
hlāwā (accusative feminine plural)
hlāu (accusative neuter plural)
hlāweʀō (genitive masculine plural)
hlāweʀō (feminine genitive plural)
hlāweʀō (genitive neuter plural)
hlāwēm (dative masculine plural)
hlāum (dative masculine plural)
hlāwēm (dative feminine plural)
hlāum (dative feminine plural)
hlāwēm (dative neuter plural)
hlāum (dative neuter plural)
hlāwēm (instrumental masculine plural)
hlāum (instrumental masculine plural)
hlāwēm (feminine instrumental plural)
hlāum (feminine instrumental plural)
hlāwēm (instrumental neuter plural)
hlāum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: hlēow

Middle English: lew, lewe

Scots: lew

English: lew

Old Frisian: *hliāw, *liāw

Saterland Frisian: ljou

West Frisian: lij

Old Saxon: *hlāo

Middle Low German: lau, lauw

German Low German: lau

Old Dutch: *lāo

Middle Dutch: lâeu, lau

Dutch: lauw

Afrikaans: lou

desctree

Old High German: lāo, *hlāo
Middle High German: lā (lāw-)
Alemannic German: leew
German: lau

→ Old French: [Term?], flou

Middle French: flou

French: flou

→ Middle Dutch: vlau

Dutch: flauw

→ German: flau

→ Danish: flov


skellan

skellan (infinitive)
skellannjas (genitive infinitive)
skellannjē (dative infinitive)
skellannju (infinitive instrumental)
skellu (first-person present singular)
skall (first-person past singular)
skilliʀi (present second-person singular)
skullī (past second-person singular)
skillidi (present singular third-person)
skall (past singular third-person)
skellum (first-person plural present)
skullum (first-person past plural)
skillid (plural present second-person)
skullud (past plural second-person)
skelland (plural present third-person)
skullun (past plural third-person)
skellē (first-person present singular)
skullī (first-person past singular)
skellēs (present second-person singular)
skellē (present singular third-person)
skullī (past singular third-person)
skellēm (first-person plural present)
skullīm (first-person past plural)
skellēþ (plural present second-person)
skullīd (past plural second-person)
skellēn (plural present third-person)
skullīn (past plural third-person)
skill (present singular)
skillid (plural present)
skellandī (participle present)
skollan (participle past)

Old English: scellan, scillan

Old Saxon: *skellan

Middle Low German: schellen

Old Dutch: skellan
Middle Dutch: schellen
Dutch: schellen

Old High German: skellan

Middle High German: schellen

German: schellen


godawabi

godawabi (nominative singular)
godawabbju (nominative plural)
godawabi (accusative singular)
godawabbju (accusative plural)
godawabbjas (genitive singular)
godawabbjō (genitive plural)
godawabbjē (dative singular)
godawabbjum (dative plural)
godawabbju (instrumental singular)
godawabbjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: godwebb, godeweb, godweb

Old Frisian: godwebb

Old Saxon: godowebbi, godoweb

Old High German: gotawebbi, cotiweppi

From Proto-Germanic *gudawabją. Equivalent to *god + *wabi.


taikur

taikur (nominative singular)
taikurō (nominative plural)
taikurōs (nominative plural)
taikur (accusative singular)
taikurā (accusative plural)
taikuras (genitive singular)
taikurō (genitive plural)
taikurē (dative singular)
taikurum (dative plural)
taikuru (instrumental singular)
taikurum (instrumental plural)

Old English: tācor

Old Frisian: tāker

Old High German: zeihhur

Middle High German: zeicher


blīþijan

blīþijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
blīþijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
blīþijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
blīþijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
blīþiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
blīþidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
blīþisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
blīþidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blīþidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blīþiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
blīþidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blīþidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blīþijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
blīþidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
blīþiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
blīþidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
blīþijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
blīþidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
blīþijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
blīþidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
blīþijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
blīþidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blīþijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
blīþidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blīþijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
blīþidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
blīþijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
blīþidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
blīþijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
blīþidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
blīþi (class-1 present singular weak)
blīþiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
blīþijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
blīþid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Frisian: *blīda

⇒ Old Frisian: forblīda

West Frisian: ferblide, ferblije

Old Dutch: blīthen

Middle Dutch: bliden

Dutch: blijden (obsolete)

⇒ Middle Dutch: verbliden

Dutch: verblijden

Old High German: blīden

Middle High German: blīden

From Proto-Germanic *blīþijaną. Equivalent to *blīþī (“happy”) + *-jan.


plakkju

plakkju (nominative singular)
plakkjō (nominative plural)
plakkjā (accusative singular)
plakkjā (accusative plural)
plakkjā (genitive singular)
plakkjō (genitive plural)
plakkjē (dative singular)
plakkjōm (dative plural)
plakkjum (dative plural)
plakkju (instrumental singular)
plakkjōm (instrumental plural)
plakkjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *plæċċ

Middle English: *placche, plecche

⇒? Middle English: pacche

English: patch

gl

>? Middle English: placche (attested in plural as placchis (“splinters, fragments, pieces”))

Old Frisian: *plekk

Saterland Frisian: Pläk

West Frisian: plak, plek (also possibly a borrowing from Dutch)

Old Saxon: *plekkia

Middle Low German: plecke

Old Dutch: *plekka

Middle Dutch: plecke, pleecke, pleke

Dutch: plek

→ Middle English: plecke

English: pleck

Unknown; possibly borrowed from a substrate language.


þrumi

þrumi (nominative singular)
þrummjō (nominative plural)
þrummjōs (nominative plural)
þrumi (accusative singular)
þrummjā (accusative plural)
þrummjas (genitive singular)
þrummjō (genitive plural)
þrummjē (dative singular)
þrummjum (dative plural)
þrummju (instrumental singular)
þrummjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þrymm, þrym

Middle English: thrum, throm, thrim

Old Saxon: *thrumm

⇒ Old Saxon: heruthrumm, heruthrum


slūkan

slūkan (infinitive)
slūkannjas (genitive infinitive)
slūkannjē (dative infinitive)
slūkannju (infinitive instrumental)
slūku (first-person present singular)
slauk (first-person past singular)
slūkiʀi (present second-person singular)
slukī (past second-person singular)
slūkidi (present singular third-person)
slauk (past singular third-person)
slūkum (first-person plural present)
slukum (first-person past plural)
slūkid (plural present second-person)
slukud (past plural second-person)
slūkand (plural present third-person)
slukun (past plural third-person)
slūkē (first-person present singular)
slukī (first-person past singular)
slūkēs (present second-person singular)
slūkē (present singular third-person)
slukī (past singular third-person)
slūkēm (first-person plural present)
slukīm (first-person past plural)
slūkēþ (plural present second-person)
slukīd (past plural second-person)
slūkēn (plural present third-person)
slukīn (past plural third-person)
slūk (present singular)
slūkid (plural present)
slūkandī (participle present)
slokan (participle past)

Old Saxon: slūkan

Middle Low German: sluken

→ Norwegian:

→ Norwegian Bokmål: sluke

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: sluka, sluke

→ Swedish: sluka

Old Dutch: slūkan

Middle Dutch: sluken

Old Dutch: *slūhan

Middle Dutch: slūchen

German: schlauchen


klenan

klenan (infinitive)
klenannjas (genitive infinitive)
klenannjē (dative infinitive)
klenannju (infinitive instrumental)
klenu (first-person present singular)
klan (first-person past singular)
kliniʀi (present second-person singular)
klānī (past second-person singular)
klinidi (present singular third-person)
klan (past singular third-person)
klenum (first-person plural present)
klānum (first-person past plural)
klinid (plural present second-person)
klānud (past plural second-person)
klenand (plural present third-person)
klānun (past plural third-person)
klenē (first-person present singular)
klānī (first-person past singular)
klenēs (present second-person singular)
klenē (present singular third-person)
klānī (past singular third-person)
klenēm (first-person plural present)
klānīm (first-person past plural)
klenēþ (plural present second-person)
klānīd (past plural second-person)
klenēn (plural present third-person)
klānīn (past plural third-person)
klin (present singular)
klinid (plural present)
klenandī (participle present)
klenan (participle past)

Old Saxon: *klenan

desc

⇒ Old Saxon: biklenan (“to spread, stain”)

Old High German: klenan

Middle High German: klenen

From Proto-Germanic *klinaną (“to glue, stick, spread, smear”), with the verb re-analysed as a Class 5 strong verb. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gleh₁y- (“to glue, stick”).


klaij

klaij (nominative singular)
klaijō (nominative plural)
klaijōs (nominative plural)
klaij (accusative singular)
klaijā (accusative plural)
klaijas (genitive singular)
klaijō (genitive plural)
klaijē (dative singular)
klaijum (dative plural)
klaiju (instrumental singular)
klaijum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: clǣġ
Middle English: cley, clai, clay, claye, clei, cleiȝ, cleye
English: clay, cley
Scots: cley
Yola: cley

Old Frisian: klāi

North Frisian: klay

Saterland Frisian: Kloai

West Frisian: klaai

Old Saxon: *klei

Middle Low German: klei, kley, kleye

German Low German: Klei

→ German: Klei

Old Dutch: *clei

Middle Dutch: clei

Dutch: klei

Limburgish: klei

→? Proto-Slavic: *klějь (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Germanic *klaj(j)az, from Proto-Indo-European *gloy-(y)ó-s, from *gley- (“to glue, stick together”). Cognate with Ancient Greek γλοιός (gloiós, “gum; mud, sludge”).


klaim

klaim (nominative singular)
klaimō (nominative plural)
klaimōs (nominative plural)
klaim (accusative singular)
klaimā (accusative plural)
klaimas (genitive singular)
klaimō (genitive plural)
klaimē (dative singular)
klaimum (dative plural)
klaimu (instrumental singular)
klaimum (instrumental plural)

Old English: clām

Middle English: clame, clom

English: cloam (dialectal)

Old Dutch: *clēm

Middle Dutch: clêem

Old High German: kleim


klaimijan

klaimijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
klaimijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
klaimijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
klaimijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
klaimiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
klaimidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
klaimisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
klaimidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
klaimidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
klaimiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
klaimidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
klaimidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
klaimijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
klaimidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
klaimiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
klaimidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
klaimijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
klaimidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
klaimijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
klaimidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
klaimijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
klaimidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
klaimijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
klaimidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
klaimijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
klaimidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
klaimijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
klaimidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
klaimijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
klaimidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
klaimi (class-1 present singular weak)
klaimiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
klaimijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
klaimid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: clǣman
Middle English: clemen
English: cleam

Old Dutch: *clēmen

Middle Dutch: clêmen

Old High German: *kleimen

desc

⇒ Old High German: bikleimen (“to stain”)

From Proto-Germanic *klaimijaną. Equivalent to *klaim (“clay, mortar”) + *-jan.


flaihan

flaihan (infinitive)
flaihannjas (genitive infinitive)
flaihannjē (dative infinitive)
flaihannju (infinitive instrumental)
flaihu (first-person present singular)
flēh (first-person past singular)
flaihiʀi (present second-person singular)
flēgī (past second-person singular)
flaihidi (present singular third-person)
flēh (past singular third-person)
flaihum (first-person plural present)
flēgum (first-person past plural)
flaihid (plural present second-person)
flēgud (past plural second-person)
flaihand (plural present third-person)
flēgun (past plural third-person)
flaihē (first-person present singular)
flēgī (first-person past singular)
flaihēs (present second-person singular)
flaihē (present singular third-person)
flēgī (past singular third-person)
flaihēm (first-person plural present)
flēgīm (first-person past plural)
flaihēþ (plural present second-person)
flēgīd (past plural second-person)
flaihēn (plural present third-person)
flēgīn (past plural third-person)
flaih (present singular)
flaihid (plural present)
flaihandī (participle present)
flaigan (participle past)

Old Saxon: *flēhan

Middle Low German: vlên

Old Dutch: *flēn

Middle Dutch: vlêen

Old High German: flēhan

Middle High German: flēhen

German: flehen


spaldan

spaldan (infinitive)
spaldannjas (genitive infinitive)
spaldannjē (dative infinitive)
spaldannju (infinitive instrumental)
spaldu (first-person present singular)
speald (first-person past singular)
spaldiʀi (present second-person singular)
spealdī (past second-person singular)
spaldidi (present singular third-person)
speald (past singular third-person)
spaldum (first-person plural present)
spealdum (first-person past plural)
spaldid (plural present second-person)
spealdud (past plural second-person)
spaldand (plural present third-person)
spealdun (past plural third-person)
spaldē (first-person present singular)
spealdī (first-person past singular)
spaldēs (present second-person singular)
spaldē (present singular third-person)
spealdī (past singular third-person)
spaldēm (first-person plural present)
spealdīm (first-person past plural)
spaldēþ (plural present second-person)
spealdīd (past plural second-person)
spaldēn (plural present third-person)
spealdīn (past plural third-person)
spald (present singular)
spaldid (plural present)
spaldandī (participle present)
spaldan (participle past)

Old Saxon: *spaldan

Middle Low German: spalden

German Low German:

Low Prussian: spoolen, spolen

Westphalian:

East Westphalian: späulen (Ravensberg)

Old Dutch: *spaldan

Middle Dutch: spouden

Dutch: spouwen

Old High German: spaltan

Middle High German: spalten

German: spalten

→ Norwegian:

→ Norwegian Bokmål: spalte

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: spalte, spalta

→ Swedish: spalta

→ Danish: spalte

Uncertain; presumably from Proto-Germanic *spaldaną and related to *speldą (“a split”), possibly cognate to Old Church Slavonic расплащѫ (rasplaštǫ, “to divide”), Sanskrit स्फाटति (sphāṭati, “to burst, expand”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)p(H)el- (“to split, cleave”).

der

Brill Publishers
Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben


abageban

abageban (infinitive)
abagebannjas (genitive infinitive)
abagebannjē (dative infinitive)
abagebannju (infinitive instrumental)
abagebu (first-person present singular)
abagab (first-person past singular)
abagibiʀi (present second-person singular)
abagābī (past second-person singular)
abagibidi (present singular third-person)
abagab (past singular third-person)
abagebum (first-person plural present)
abagābum (first-person past plural)
abagibid (plural present second-person)
abagābud (past plural second-person)
abageband (plural present third-person)
abagābun (past plural third-person)
abagebē (first-person present singular)
abagābī (first-person past singular)
abagebēs (present second-person singular)
abagebē (present singular third-person)
abagābī (past singular third-person)
abagebēm (first-person plural present)
abagābīm (first-person past plural)
abagebēþ (plural present second-person)
abagābīd (past plural second-person)
abagebēn (plural present third-person)
abagābīn (past plural third-person)
abagib (present singular)
abagibid (plural present)
abagebandī (participle present)
abageban (participle past)

Old English: ofġifan

Old Saxon: afgevan

Middle Low German: afgēven

German Low German: ofgeven

Old Dutch: *afgevan, *avagevan

Middle Dutch: āvegēven

Dutch: afgeven

Afrikaans: afgee

Old High German: abageban

Middle High German: *abegeben, *abgeben

German: abgeben

Luxembourgish: ofginn

From Proto-Germanic *abagebaną. Equivalent to *aba- + *geban.


glintan

glintan (infinitive)
glintannjas (genitive infinitive)
glintannjē (dative infinitive)
glintannju (infinitive instrumental)
glintu (first-person present singular)
glant (first-person past singular)
glintiʀi (present second-person singular)
gluntī (past second-person singular)
glintidi (present singular third-person)
glant (past singular third-person)
glintum (first-person plural present)
gluntum (first-person past plural)
glintid (plural present second-person)
gluntud (past plural second-person)
glintand (plural present third-person)
gluntun (past plural third-person)
glintē (first-person present singular)
gluntī (first-person past singular)
glintēs (present second-person singular)
glintē (present singular third-person)
gluntī (past singular third-person)
glintēm (first-person plural present)
gluntīm (first-person past plural)
glintēþ (plural present second-person)
gluntīd (past plural second-person)
glintēn (plural present third-person)
gluntīn (past plural third-person)
glint (present singular)
glintid (plural present)
glintandī (participle present)
gluntan (participle past)

Old High German: *glinzan

Middle High German: glinzen


skrumpōn

skrumpōn (infinitive)
skrumpōnijas (genitive infinitive)
skrumpōnijē (dative infinitive)
skrumpōniju (infinitive instrumental)
skrumpō (first-person present singular)
skrumpōdā (first-person past singular)
skrumpōs (present second-person singular)
skrumpōdēs (past second-person singular)
skrumpōdōs (past second-person singular)
skrumpōþ (present singular third-person)
skrumpōdē (past singular third-person)
skrumpōdā (past singular third-person)
skrumpōm (first-person plural present)
skrumpōdum (first-person past plural)
skrumpōþ (plural present second-person)
skrumpōdud (past plural second-person)
skrumpōnþ (plural present third-person)
skrumpōdun (past plural third-person)
skrumpōdī (first-person past singular)
skrumpōdī (past second-person singular)
skrumpō (present singular third-person)
skrumpōdī (past singular third-person)
skrumpōdīm (first-person past plural)
skrumpōdīd (past plural second-person)
skrumpōn (plural present third-person)
skrumpōdīn (past plural third-person)
skrumpō (present singular)
skrumpōþ (plural present)
skrumpōndī (participle present)
skrumpōd (participle past)

Old Dutch: *scrumpon

Middle Dutch: *schrompen

⇒ Middle Dutch: schrompelen

Dutch: schrompelen, verschrompelen

Old High German: *skrumpfon

Middle High German: *schrumpfen

German: schrumpfen (possibly)

⇒ German: schrumpeln (with Central/Low German consonantism)


skrimpan

skrimpan (infinitive)
skrimpannjas (genitive infinitive)
skrimpannjē (dative infinitive)
skrimpannju (infinitive instrumental)
skrimpu (first-person present singular)
skramp (first-person past singular)
skrimpiʀi (present second-person singular)
skrumpī (past second-person singular)
skrimpidi (present singular third-person)
skramp (past singular third-person)
skrimpum (first-person plural present)
skrumpum (first-person past plural)
skrimpid (plural present second-person)
skrumpud (past plural second-person)
skrimpand (plural present third-person)
skrumpun (past plural third-person)
skrimpē (first-person present singular)
skrumpī (first-person past singular)
skrimpēs (present second-person singular)
skrimpē (present singular third-person)
skrumpī (past singular third-person)
skrimpēm (first-person plural present)
skrumpīm (first-person past plural)
skrimpēþ (plural present second-person)
skrumpīd (past plural second-person)
skrimpēn (plural present third-person)
skrumpīn (past plural third-person)
skrimp (present singular)
skrimpid (plural present)
skrimpandī (participle present)
skrumpan (participle past)

Old Dutch: *scrimpan

Middle Dutch: schrimpen

Dutch: schrimpen

Old High German: *skrimpfan

Middle High German: schrimpfen

q

alternatively a zero-grade, see <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*skrumpōną</i>

German: schrimpfen, schrümpfen (obsolete), schrumpfen (alternatively a zero-grade, see *skrumpōną)


þiudijan

þiudijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
þiudijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
þiudijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
þiudijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
þiudiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
þiudidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
þiudisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
þiudidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þiudidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þiudiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
þiudidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þiudidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þiudijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
þiudidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
þiudiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
þiudidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
þiudijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
þiudidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
þiudijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
þiudidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
þiudijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
þiudidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þiudijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
þiudidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þiudijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
þiudidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
þiudijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
þiudidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
þiudijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
þiudidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
þiudi (class-1 present singular weak)
þiudiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
þiudijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
þiudid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: þīedan, þēodan

Middle English: theden

Old Frisian: *thiōda, thiūda

Saterland Frisian: tjuude

West Frisian: tsjutte

Old Saxon: *thiudian

Middle Low German: dûden, düden

German Low German: düden

Old Dutch: *thiuden

Middle Dutch: dieden, duden

Dutch: duiden
Afrikaans: dui

Limburgish: duuje

Old High German: diuten, *tiuten

Middle High German: diuten, tiuten

Bavarian: deitn

German: deuten

Luxembourgish: deiten

Yiddish: טײַטשן (taytshn)

to interpret, to point out, to explain [with accusative]

to associate, to engage with [with instrumental ‘with’]

to attach, to join, to connect [with instrumental ‘to/with’]


lōkōn

lōkōn (infinitive)
lōkōnijas (genitive infinitive)
lōkōnijē (dative infinitive)
lōkōniju (infinitive instrumental)
lōkō (first-person present singular)
lōkōdā (first-person past singular)
lōkōs (present second-person singular)
lōkōdēs (past second-person singular)
lōkōdōs (past second-person singular)
lōkōþ (present singular third-person)
lōkōdē (past singular third-person)
lōkōdā (past singular third-person)
lōkōm (first-person plural present)
lōkōdum (first-person past plural)
lōkōþ (plural present second-person)
lōkōdud (past plural second-person)
lōkōnþ (plural present third-person)
lōkōdun (past plural third-person)
lōkōdī (first-person past singular)
lōkōdī (past second-person singular)
lōkō (present singular third-person)
lōkōdī (past singular third-person)
lōkōdīm (first-person past plural)
lōkōdīd (past plural second-person)
lōkōn (plural present third-person)
lōkōdīn (past plural third-person)
lōkō (present singular)
lōkōþ (plural present)
lōkōndī (participle present)
lōkōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: lōcian
Middle English: loken, loke, lokke, looke, locan, locen, lokenn, lokiæn, lokien, lokin (Early Middle English), luke (Northern), loki, loky (Kent)
English: look (see there for further descendants)
Geordie English: luik, leuk
Middle Scots: luke, luik
Scots: luik, leuk, luke
Yola: looke

Old Frisian: *lōkia

gl

< Saterland Frisian <i class="Latn mention" lang="stq">*bilouked</i>

⇒ Saterland Frisian: blouked (“seen”) (< Saterland Frisian *bilouked)

West Frisian: lôkje, loaitsje

desctree

Old Saxon: lōkon, lōcōn, luokoian
Middle Low German: *lö̂ken
Low German: löken

Old Dutch: *lōkon

Middle Dutch: loeken

Dutch: loeken

→ Old French: luquier, luquer

Middle French: luquier

Norman: luquer, louquer

⇒ French: reluquer

⇒ Old French: torlouc

Middle French: tourlouc

⇒ Anglo-Norman: torleous

⇒ Old French: alukier

⇒ Old French: warloker, warlousquier

⇒ Old French: warloucque

Middle French: warloucque

⇒ Old French: warlousketer

→ Walloon: loukî

→ Occitan: lucaire

⇒ Occitan: alucaire

Unknown. According to an older hypothesis, perhaps related to Breton lagad (“eye, look”), Welsh llygad (“eye”), Cornish lagas (“eye”), for a Proto-Indo-European root *lewg- (“to look; eye”). However, this Celtic set is more commonly derived from *lewk- (“to shine”), which could not have produced the Germanic term. Instead, modern authors compare Doric Greek λωγάω (lōgáō, “to pick up; to tell”) and Proto-Tocharian *läk- (“to see”), from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to gather”) with a semantic shift paralleled also in Latin legō.


hleumund

hleumund (nominative singular)
hleumundō (nominative plural)
hleumundōs (nominative plural)
hleumund (accusative singular)
hleumundā (accusative plural)
hleumundas (genitive singular)
hleumundō (genitive plural)
hleumundē (dative singular)
hleumundum (dative plural)
hleumundu (instrumental singular)
hleumundum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *hliumand

Middle Low German: lǖmunt, lîmunt

⇒ Old Saxon: *hliumandig

⇒ Old Saxon: mishliumandig

Old Dutch: *liumund

Middle Dutch: lumont

Old High German: hliumunt, liumunt

Middle High German: liumunt

German: Leumund


liuhmijan

liuhmijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
liuhmijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
liuhmijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
liuhmijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
liuhmiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
liuhmidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
liuhmisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
liuhmidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
liuhmidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
liuhmiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
liuhmidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
liuhmidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
liuhmijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
liuhmidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
liuhmiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
liuhmidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
liuhmijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
liuhmidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
liuhmijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
liuhmidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
liuhmijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
liuhmidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
liuhmijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
liuhmidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
liuhmijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
liuhmidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
liuhmijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
liuhmidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
liuhmijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
liuhmidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
liuhmi (class-1 present singular weak)
liuhmiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
liuhmijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
liuhmid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: līeman, lȳman, līman
Middle English: leomen, lumen, lemen, leymen
English: leam
Scots: leme, leim


lauh

lauh (nominative singular)
lauhō (nominative plural)
lauhōs (nominative plural)
lauh (accusative singular)
lauhā (accusative plural)
lauhas (genitive singular)
lauhō (genitive plural)
lauhē (dative singular)
lauhum (dative plural)
lauhu (instrumental singular)
lauhum (instrumental plural)

Old English: lēah
Middle English: leye, ley, legh, lege, liegh
English: leigh, lea
Scots: le, ley, lei
⇒? Yola: kotlieough, cotleough

Old Frisian: lāch

Old Saxon: lōh

desc

Middle Low German: lô, loe, loo, lâ, loch, loge, lage, loye

Old Dutch: *lōh, *lō

Middle Dutch: lô

Dutch: lo, loo (obsolete outside place names)

desctree

Old High German: lōh, lō
Middle High German: lōh, lōch, lō
German: Loh, Lah, Lage (mostly in place names)


þūmō

þūmō (nominative singular)
þūman (nominative plural)
þūman (accusative singular)
þūman (accusative plural)
þūmini (genitive singular)
þūman (genitive singular)
þūmanō (genitive plural)
þūmini (dative singular)
þūman (dative singular)
þūmum (dative plural)
þūmini (instrumental singular)
þūman (instrumental singular)
þūmum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þūma, *ᚦᚢᛗᚪ (*þuma)
Middle English: thombe
English: thumb
Scots: thoum
Yola: thoome, thoume

Old Frisian: thūma
North Frisian: tome, töme
Saterland Frisian: Tume
West Frisian: tomme, tûme

Old Saxon: thūmo
Middle Low German: dûme
German Low German: Dumen, Dume, Duum
Plautdietsch: Dumen

Old Dutch: *thūmo

Middle Dutch: dume

Dutch: duim, (archaic) dom
Afrikaans: duim
Negerhollands: tompi
→ Aukan: doin
→ Caribbean Hindustani: doi
→ Caribbean Javanese: dim
→ Indonesian: dim
→ Papiamentu: dùim, duim
→ Russian: дюйм (djujm)

Limburgish: doem, doemb

Old High German: dūmo
Middle High German: dūme, doume, tūme
Cimbrian: daumo
German: Daumen
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Daume
Luxembourgish: Daum
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Daume

From Proto-Germanic *þūmô, from Proto-Indo-European *tum-.


hlaidriju

hlaidriju (nominative singular)
hlaidrijō (nominative plural)
hlaidrijā (accusative singular)
hlaidrijā (accusative plural)
hlaidrijā (genitive singular)
hlaidrijō (genitive plural)
hlaidrijē (dative singular)
hlaidrijōm (dative plural)
hlaidrijum (dative plural)
hlaidriju (instrumental singular)
hlaidrijōm (instrumental plural)
hlaidrijum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: hlǣder, hlæder, hlædder
Middle English: laddre, ladder, laddere, laddir, ladre, ledder, leddre, leddyr, lheddre, læddræ, læddre, leaddre (Early Middle English)
English: ladder
Bislama: lada
Pijin: lada
Scots: ledder

desc

Old Frisian: hladder, hledder, hleder, hlērde

North Frisian: ladder, lääder

Saterland Frisian: Laadere, Laddere

West Frisian: ljedder, leider, ljerre

Old Saxon: hlēderi

Middle Low German: leddere, ledder, lēdere, lēder, leider, ladder

German Low German: Ledder

Plautdietsch: Lada

→ Norwegian Bokmål: leider

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: leider

Old Dutch: *lēdara

Middle Dutch: ledere, leedre, ledder, laddere, ladere

Dutch: ladder, leer

Afrikaans: ladder; leer

Limburgish: lejjer, leier

Old High German: hleitra, hleitara, leitra, leitara

Middle High German: leiter

Bavarian: Later, Loater

desctree

German: Leiter
Hungarian: létra
Serbo-Croatian: lótre, lójtre

Hunsrik: Leeter

Luxembourgish: Leeder

Yiddish: לייטער (leyter)


lungr

lungr (masculine nominative singular)
lungru (feminine nominative singular)
lungr (neuter nominative singular)
lungranā (accusative masculine singular)
lungrā (accusative feminine singular)
lungr (accusative neuter singular)
lungras (genitive masculine singular)
lungreʀā (feminine genitive singular)
lungras (genitive neuter singular)
lungrumē (dative masculine singular)
lungreʀē (dative feminine singular)
lungrumē (dative neuter singular)
lungru (instrumental masculine singular)
lungreʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
lungru (instrumental neuter singular)
lungrē (masculine nominative plural)
lungrō (feminine nominative plural)
lungru (neuter nominative plural)
lungrā (accusative masculine plural)
lungrā (accusative feminine plural)
lungru (accusative neuter plural)
lungreʀō (genitive masculine plural)
lungreʀō (feminine genitive plural)
lungreʀō (genitive neuter plural)
lungrēm (dative masculine plural)
lungrum (dative masculine plural)
lungrēm (dative feminine plural)
lungrum (dative feminine plural)
lungrēm (dative neuter plural)
lungrum (dative neuter plural)
lungrēm (instrumental masculine plural)
lungrum (instrumental masculine plural)
lungrēm (feminine instrumental plural)
lungrum (feminine instrumental plural)
lungrēm (instrumental neuter plural)
lungrum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: lungor

Old Saxon: lungar


swittjan

swittjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
swittjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
swittjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
swittjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
swittju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
swittā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
switisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
swittēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swittōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
switiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
swittē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swittā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swittjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
swittum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
switiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
swittud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
swittjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
swittun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
swittjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
swittī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
swittjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
swittī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swittjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
swittī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swittjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
swittīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
swittjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
swittīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
swittjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
swittīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
switi (class-1 present singular weak)
switiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
swittjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
switt (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Frisian: *switta

West Frisian: switte

Old High German: swizzen

Middle High German: switzen

German: schwitzen

Yiddish: שוויצן (shvitsn)


skīd

skīd (nominative singular)
skīdu (nominative plural)
skīd (accusative singular)
skīdu (accusative plural)
skīdas (genitive singular)
skīdō (genitive plural)
skīdē (dative singular)
skīdum (dative plural)
skīdu (instrumental singular)
skīdum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sċīd
Middle English: schyd, chyde, scheyde, schide, schudde, schyde, schyyd, shide, shyde, syde, szhide, sid, scid (Early Middle English)
English: shide (obsolete)
Middle Scots: schide, schyde

Old Frisian: skīd

North Frisian: skeid

Old Saxon: *skīd

Middle Low German: schît

Old Dutch: *skīd

Middle Dutch: *schijt

Dutch: schijd (East Flemish)

→ French: skęt, hète; skète, équette

Old High German: skīt

Middle High German: schīt

German: Scheit

Luxembourgish: Schäit, Scheet


mātī

mātī (masculine nominative singular)
mātiju (feminine nominative singular)
mātī (neuter nominative singular)
mātijanā (accusative masculine singular)
mātijā (accusative feminine singular)
mātī (accusative neuter singular)
mātijas (genitive masculine singular)
mātijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
mātijas (genitive neuter singular)
mātijumē (dative masculine singular)
mātijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
mātijumē (dative neuter singular)
mātiju (instrumental masculine singular)
mātijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
mātiju (instrumental neuter singular)
mātijē (masculine nominative plural)
mātijō (feminine nominative plural)
mātiju (neuter nominative plural)
mātijā (accusative masculine plural)
mātijā (accusative feminine plural)
mātiju (accusative neuter plural)
mātijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
mātijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
mātijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
mātijēm (dative masculine plural)
mātijum (dative masculine plural)
mātijēm (dative feminine plural)
mātijum (dative feminine plural)
mātijēm (dative neuter plural)
mātijum (dative neuter plural)
mātijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
mātijum (instrumental masculine plural)
mātijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
mātijum (feminine instrumental plural)
mātijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
mātijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: mǣte

Middle English: mete, meete

Old Frisian: *mēte, met

Old Saxon: *māti

Middle Low German: mâte

Old Dutch: *māti

Middle Dutch: mate

Old High German: māzi

Middle High German: mæze

From Proto-Germanic *mētiz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


hlīdan

hlīdan (infinitive)
hlīdannjas (genitive infinitive)
hlīdannjē (dative infinitive)
hlīdannju (infinitive instrumental)
hlīdu (first-person present singular)
hlaid (first-person past singular)
hlīdiʀi (present second-person singular)
hlidī (past second-person singular)
hlīdidi (present singular third-person)
hlaid (past singular third-person)
hlīdum (first-person plural present)
hlidum (first-person past plural)
hlīdid (plural present second-person)
hlidud (past plural second-person)
hlīdand (plural present third-person)
hlidun (past plural third-person)
hlīdē (first-person present singular)
hlidī (first-person past singular)
hlīdēs (present second-person singular)
hlīdē (present singular third-person)
hlidī (past singular third-person)
hlīdēm (first-person plural present)
hlidīm (first-person past plural)
hlīdēþ (plural present second-person)
hlidīd (past plural second-person)
hlīdēn (plural present third-person)
hlidīn (past plural third-person)
hlīd (present singular)
hlīdid (plural present)
hlīdandī (participle present)
hlidan (participle past)

Old English: hlīdan

Old Frisian: hlīda

Old Saxon: *hlīdan

⇒ Old Saxon: bihlīdan


faitijan

faitijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
faitijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
faitijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
faitijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
faitiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
faitidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
faitisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
faitidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
faitidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
faitiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
faitidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
faitidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
faitijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
faitidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
faitiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
faitidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
faitijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
faitidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
faitijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
faitidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
faitijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
faitidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
faitijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
faitidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
faitijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
faitidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
faitijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
faitidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
faitijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
faitidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
faiti (class-1 present singular weak)
faitiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
faitijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
faitid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: fǣtan

Old High German: *feizen

Middle High German: veizen

From Proto-Germanic *faitijaną. Equivalent to *fait (“fat”) + *-jan.


faitī

faitī (nominative singular)
faitīn (accusative singular)
faitīn (genitive singular)
faitīn (dative singular)
faitīn (instrumental singular)

Old High German: *feizī

Middle High German: veize

From Proto-Germanic *faitį̄. Equivalent to *fait (“fat”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).


sinþ

sinþ (nominative singular)
sinþō (nominative plural)
sinþōs (nominative plural)
sinþ (accusative singular)
sinþā (accusative plural)
sinþas (genitive singular)
sinþō (genitive plural)
sinþē (dative singular)
sinþum (dative plural)
sinþu (instrumental singular)
sinþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sīþ

Middle English: sith

English: sith

Old Frisian: sīth

Old Saxon: sīth

Old High German: sind, sint


sinþōn

sinþōn (infinitive)
sinþōnijas (genitive infinitive)
sinþōnijē (dative infinitive)
sinþōniju (infinitive instrumental)
sinþō (first-person present singular)
sinþōdā (first-person past singular)
sinþōs (present second-person singular)
sinþōdēs (past second-person singular)
sinþōdōs (past second-person singular)
sinþōþ (present singular third-person)
sinþōdē (past singular third-person)
sinþōdā (past singular third-person)
sinþōm (first-person plural present)
sinþōdum (first-person past plural)
sinþōþ (plural present second-person)
sinþōdud (past plural second-person)
sinþōnþ (plural present third-person)
sinþōdun (past plural third-person)
sinþōdī (first-person past singular)
sinþōdī (past second-person singular)
sinþō (present singular third-person)
sinþōdī (past singular third-person)
sinþōdīm (first-person past plural)
sinþōdīd (past plural second-person)
sinþōn (plural present third-person)
sinþōdīn (past plural third-person)
sinþō (present singular)
sinþōþ (plural present)
sinþōndī (participle present)
sinþōd (participle past)

Old English: sīþian

Middle English: sithen

Old Saxon: sīthon

Old High German: sindōn

Middle High German: sinden, sinnen

From Proto-Germanic *sinþōną. Equivalent to *sinþ (“journey”) + *-ōn.


wōdijan

wōdijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
wōdijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
wōdijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
wōdijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
wōdiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wōdidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wōdisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wōdidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wōdidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wōdiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wōdidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wōdidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wōdijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wōdidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wōdiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wōdidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wōdijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wōdidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wōdijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wōdidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wōdijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wōdidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wōdijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wōdidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wōdijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wōdidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wōdijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wōdidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wōdijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wōdidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wōdi (class-1 present singular weak)
wōdiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
wōdijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
wōdid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: wēdan

Old Saxon: wōdian

Old Dutch: *wuoden

Middle Dutch: woeden

Dutch: woeden

Afrikaans: woed

Old High German: wuoten

Middle High German: wüeten

German: wüten

From Proto-Germanic *wōdijaną. Equivalent to *wōd (“excited, frenzied, angry”) + *-jan and *wōd (“rage”) + *-jan.


frarādan

frarādan (infinitive)
frarādannjas (genitive infinitive)
frarādannjē (dative infinitive)
frarādannju (infinitive instrumental)
frarādu (first-person present singular)
frarēd (first-person past singular)
frarādiʀi (present second-person singular)
frarēdī (past second-person singular)
frarādidi (present singular third-person)
frarēd (past singular third-person)
frarādum (first-person plural present)
frarēdum (first-person past plural)
frarādid (plural present second-person)
frarēdud (past plural second-person)
frarādand (plural present third-person)
frarēdun (past plural third-person)
frarādē (first-person present singular)
frarēdī (first-person past singular)
frarādēs (present second-person singular)
frarādē (present singular third-person)
frarēdī (past singular third-person)
frarādēm (first-person plural present)
frarēdīm (first-person past plural)
frarādēþ (plural present second-person)
frarēdīd (past plural second-person)
frarādēn (plural present third-person)
frarēdīn (past plural third-person)
frarād (present singular)
frarādid (plural present)
frarādandī (participle present)
frarādan (participle past)

Old English: forrǣdan

Middle English: forreden, forreaden

Old Frisian: forrēda

Old Saxon: farrādan, firrādan

Middle Low German: vorrāden

→ Danish: forråde

→ Norwegian:

→ Norwegian Bokmål: forråde

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: forråda, forråde

Old Dutch: farrādan

Middle Dutch: verraden

Dutch: verraden

Afrikaans: verraai

Old High German: firrātan

Middle High German: verrāten

Cimbrian: voraatan

German: verraten


geusan

geusan (infinitive)
geusannjas (genitive infinitive)
geusannjē (dative infinitive)
geusannju (infinitive instrumental)
geusu (first-person present singular)
gaus (first-person past singular)
giusiʀi (present second-person singular)
guʀī (past second-person singular)
giusidi (present singular third-person)
gaus (past singular third-person)
geusum (first-person plural present)
guʀum (first-person past plural)
giusid (plural present second-person)
guʀud (past plural second-person)
geusand (plural present third-person)
guʀun (past plural third-person)
geusē (first-person present singular)
guʀī (first-person past singular)
geusēs (present second-person singular)
geusē (present singular third-person)
guʀī (past singular third-person)
geusēm (first-person plural present)
guʀīm (first-person past plural)
geusēþ (plural present second-person)
guʀīd (past plural second-person)
geusēn (plural present third-person)
guʀīn (past plural third-person)
gius (present singular)
giusid (plural present)
geusandī (participle present)
goʀan (participle past)

Middle Dutch: gūsen

Middle Dutch: gusen

Dutch: guizen

⇒ Dutch: verguizen

Afrikaans: verguis


drifti

drifti (nominative singular)
driftī (nominative plural)
drifti (accusative singular)
driftī (accusative plural)
driftī (genitive singular)
driftijō (genitive plural)
driftī (dative singular)
driftim (dative plural)
driftijum (dative plural)
driftī (instrumental singular)
driftim (instrumental plural)
driftijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *drift

Middle English: drift

Scots: drift

English: drift

Old Frisian: drift (in compounds)

North Frisian: drift

Saterland Frisian: Drift

Old Saxon: drift, thrift

Middle Low German: drift

Low German: Drift

→ German: Drift

Old Dutch: *drift

Middle Dutch: drift, *dricht

Dutch: drift

Afrikaans: drif

Old High German: trift

Middle High German: trift

German: Trift


moþþā

moþþā (nominative singular)
moþþōn (nominative plural)
moþþōn (accusative singular)
moþþōn (accusative plural)
moþþōn (genitive singular)
moþþōnō (genitive plural)
moþþōn (dative singular)
moþþōm (dative plural)
moþþum (dative plural)
moþþōn (instrumental singular)
moþþōm (instrumental plural)
moþþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: moþþe

Middle English: mothe

English: moth

Scots: moch

Old Saxon: *motta

Middle Low German: motte

Low German: Mutten, Motten

→ German: Motte

desctree

Old Dutch: *moththa
Middle Dutch: motte
Dutch: mot
Negerhollands: mot
→ Papiamentu: mot (dated)

Feminized and leveled from *maþô ~ *muttaz (“insect, worm, maggot”).


rukkijan

rukkijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
rukkijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
rukkijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
rukkijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
rukkiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
rukkidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
rukkisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
rukkidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rukkidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rukkiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
rukkidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rukkidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rukkijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
rukkidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
rukkiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
rukkidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
rukkijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
rukkidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
rukkijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
rukkidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
rukkijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
rukkidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rukkijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
rukkidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rukkijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
rukkidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
rukkijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
rukkidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
rukkijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
rukkidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
rukki (class-1 present singular weak)
rukkiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
rukkijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
rukkid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *ryċċan

desc

Middle English: ricchen, riche, ruchchen, ruchen, rycchen, rychen

Old Saxon: *rukkian

Middle Low German: rucken, rüggen, rücken

German Low German: rücken

→ Saterland Frisian: rukje, rukke

Old Dutch: *rukken

Middle Dutch: rucken

Dutch: rukken

Afrikaans: ruk

Old High German: rucken

Middle High German: rucken, rücken

German: rücken, (rucken)


saumijan

saumijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
saumijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
saumijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
saumijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
saumiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
saumidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
saumisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
saumidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
saumidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
saumiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
saumidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
saumidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
saumijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
saumidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
saumiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
saumidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
saumijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
saumidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
saumijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
saumidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
saumijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
saumidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
saumijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
saumidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
saumijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
saumidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
saumijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
saumidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
saumijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
saumidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
saumi (class-1 present singular weak)
saumiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
saumijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
saumid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: sōmian

Middle Low German: sȫmen

Old Dutch: *sōmen

Middle Dutch: sômen

Dutch: zomen

Afrikaans: soom

Old High German: saumen

Middle High German: säumen

German: säumen

From Proto-Germanic *saumijaną. Equivalent to *saum (“a stitch, seam”) + *-jan.


saumijan

Old English: sīman, sȳman, sīeman, sēman, sǣman

Middle English: semen, seme

⇒ Old English: ofersȳman, ofersīman (“to overload”)

Middle English: ofersymen

Old High German: *soumen

Middle High German: soumen

From *saum (“a load, burden; packsaddle”) + *-jan.

affix

andsōmian

*andasaumijan (“to take off a packsaddle”); Old Saxon

intsoumen

*andasaumijan (“to take off a packsaddle”); Old High German