brīw

brīw (nominative singular)
brīwō (nominative plural)
brīwōs (nominative plural)
brīw (accusative singular)
brīwā (accusative plural)
brīwas (genitive singular)
brīwō (genitive plural)
brīwē (dative singular)
brīum (dative plural)
brīu (instrumental singular)
brīum (instrumental plural)

Old English: brīw, brīu, brīġ, briiw, briiġ
Middle English: breie, bre
Scots: brie
English: bree

Old Frisian: *brī

Saterland Frisian: Bräi

West Frisian: brij

Old Saxon: brī

Middle Low German: brî, brîg

German Low German:

Märkisch, North Low German, Westphalian: Brie

East Frisian Low Saxon: Breei

Low Prussian, Westphalian (Sauerländisch): Brei

Westphalian:

Sauerländisch: Brui (Kirchspiel Mülheim), Braue (Niedersfeld), Broi (Meschede)

Old Dutch: *brio, *brī

Middle Dutch: brî, bry

Dutch: brij

Old High German: brīo, brī, brīwo
Middle High German: brîe, brî
German: Brei
Luxembourgish: Bräi
Yiddish: ברײַ (bray)

Unknown; possibly from Proto-Germanic *brīwaz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréy-u-s ~ *bʰr̥y-éw-s, from *bʰr-ey-, from *bʰer- (“to boil”), cognate with Latin frīgō (“to roast”), Sanskrit भृज्जति (bhṛjjati, “to roast”).


grindil

grindil (nominative singular)
grindilō (nominative plural)
grindilōs (nominative plural)
grindil (accusative singular)
grindilā (accusative plural)
grindilas (genitive singular)
grindilō (genitive plural)
grindilē (dative singular)
grindilum (dative plural)
grindilu (instrumental singular)
grindilum (instrumental plural)

Old English: grindel

Old Saxon: grindil, grendil

Middle Low German: grindel, grendel

German Low German: Grendel, Grinnel, Grennel

Old Dutch: grindel

Middle Dutch: grindel, grendel

desctree

Dutch: grendel
Afrikaans: grendel
→ Caribbean Javanese: grèndhèl
→ Indonesian: gerendel
→ Javanese: ꦒꦿꦺꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦭ꧀ (grèndhèl), grendel
→ Papiamentu: rèndu, grendel, grender

Old High German: grintil, crintil, grindil, krindil
Middle High German: grintel, grindel, grendel
German: Grindel

According to an almost universally accepted etymology, from *grindi (“fence”) + *-il (diminutive), from Proto-Germanic *grindiz (“fence”). A dissenting opinion by Trubachev argues for an early borrowing from Proto-Slavic.


ahtu

ahtu (nominative singular)
ahtō (nominative plural)
ahtā (accusative singular)
ahtā (accusative plural)
ahtā (genitive singular)
ahtō (genitive plural)
ahtē (dative singular)
ahtōm (dative plural)
ahtum (dative plural)
ahtu (instrumental singular)
ahtōm (instrumental plural)
ahtum (instrumental plural)

Old English: eaht, æht

Middle English: aught, aut

English: aught

Scots: aucht, aught

Old Dutch: *ahta

Middle Dutch: achte

Dutch: acht

Afrikaans: ag

Old High German: ahta

Middle High German: ahte

German: Acht

Uncertain; possibly derived from Proto-Germanic *ahjaną (“to think”).

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache


muntijan

muntijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
muntijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
muntijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
muntijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
muntiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
muntidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
muntisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
muntidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
muntidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
muntiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
muntidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
muntidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
muntijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
muntidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
muntiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
muntidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
muntijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
muntidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
muntijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
muntidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
muntijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
muntidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
muntijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
muntidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
muntijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
muntidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
muntijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
muntidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
muntijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
muntidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
munti (class-1 present singular weak)
muntiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
muntijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
muntid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: myntan
Middle English: mynten, minten, munten
English: mint (dialectal)
Scots: mint

Old Frisian: *muntia

West Frisian: muntsje, mintsje (possibly from Dutch)

Old Saxon: *muntian

Middle Low German: münten

German Low German: münten

Old Dutch: *munten

Middle Dutch: munten

Dutch: munten
Afrikaans: munt
→ Danish: mønte

Old High German: *munzen

Middle High German: münzen

German: münzen

From Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to think”).


windwōn

windwōn (infinitive)
windwōnijas (genitive infinitive)
windwōnijē (dative infinitive)
windwōniju (infinitive instrumental)
windwō (first-person present singular)
windwōdā (first-person past singular)
windwōs (present second-person singular)
windwōdēs (past second-person singular)
windwōdōs (past second-person singular)
windwōþ (present singular third-person)
windwōdē (past singular third-person)
windwōdā (past singular third-person)
windwōm (first-person plural present)
windwōdum (first-person past plural)
windwōþ (plural present second-person)
windwōdud (past plural second-person)
windwōnþ (plural present third-person)
windwōdun (past plural third-person)
windwōdī (first-person past singular)
windwōdī (past second-person singular)
windwō (present singular third-person)
windwōdī (past singular third-person)
windwōdīm (first-person past plural)
windwōdīd (past plural second-person)
windwōn (plural present third-person)
windwōdīn (past plural third-person)
windwō (present singular)
windwōþ (plural present)
windwōndī (participle present)
windwōd (participle past)

Old English: windwian
Middle English: windwen, windewen, winewen
English: winnow
Scots: window, windo, winow, winnow

Old Frisian: *windwia, *windia

West Frisian: wynje

Old Saxon: windōn

Middle Low German: winden

Middle Low German: *winde

desc

⇒ Middle Low German: stênwinde, steinwinde

Old Dutch: *windon

Middle Dutch: winden, wynden

Dutch: winden, winnen (dialectal)

Old High German: wintōn

Middle High German: winden

German: winden


weþmō

weþmō (nominative singular)
weþman (nominative plural)
weþman (accusative singular)
weþman (accusative plural)
witini (genitive singular)
wetan (genitive singular)
wetanō (genitive plural)
witini (dative singular)
wetan (dative singular)
wetum (dative plural)
witini (instrumental singular)
wetan (instrumental singular)
wetum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wituma, wetma, uuituma, weotoma, weotuma, weoþuma

Old Frisian: wetma, witma

Old Saxon: withumo

Middle Low German: wēdeme, widdem

German Low German: Wedem

Old Dutch: withemo

Middle Dutch: wedeme, wedem, weeme, weme

Dutch: weem

→ West Frisian: weme

Old High German: widamo, widomo, widemo

Middle High German: wideme, widem

German: Wittum

From earlier *wetmō through Bahder's law, from Proto-Germanic *wetmô.


Hlūdawīg

Hlūdawīg (nominative singular)
Hlūdawīg (accusative singular)
Hlūdawīgas (genitive singular)
Hlūdawīgē (dative singular)
Hlūdawīgu (instrumental singular)

Old English: Hlōþewīġ

Frankish: Ludhuwīg — 9th C.

Old Dutch: *Lodawīg

Middle Dutch: Lodewijc

Dutch: Lodewijk

Old High German: Lūdwīg, Hlūtwīg, Hludwig, *Hlūtwīg

Middle High German: Ludewig

Rhine Franconian: Ludwich

German: Ludwig (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Norse: Lúðvíg, Lóðvíg, Lóðvík

Icelandic: Lúðvíg, Lúðvík

Faroese: Ludvík

Norwegian: Ludvig, Ludvik

Old Danish: Ludvig

Danish: Ludwik, Ludvik, Ludwik, Ludvig (see there for further descendants)

Old Swedish: Lodwig, Lodwik

Swedish: Ludvig, Ludvik

→ Finnish: Ludvig, Ludvik

→ Latin: Clodovicus, Chlodovechus, Lodhuuic, Hlodowicus, Hluduicus, Ludovicus (see there for further descendants)

→ French: Clovis
→ English: Clovis

→ Norman: Clovis

→ Old French: Chlodowig, Lodhwig, Lodhuuig, Lodhuwig, Lodhuvigs, Looïs, Luis

Anglo-Norman:

→ Middle English: Lewis, Lowis

English: Lewis

Middle French: Loïc, Loïs

French: Louis (see there for further descendants)

→ Breton: Loïc

Norman: Louis

→ Catalan: Lluís

→ Cimbrian: Luis

→ English: Louis (see there for further descendants)

→ Galician: Lois

→ German: Luis

→ Italian: Luigi (see there for further descendants)

→ Occitan: Loís

→ Old Occitan: Aloys

→ Latin: Aloysius

→ Alemannic German: Alewiss

→ Czech: Alois

→ English: Aloysius

→ German: Alois

→ Hungarian: Alajos

→ Irish: Alaois

→ Italian: Aloisio

→ Polish: Alojzy

→ Portuguese: Aloísio

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: Alojz, Alojzije

→ Slovak: Alojz

→ Slovene: Alojz, Alojzij

→ Venetan: Alvise

→ Portuguese: Luís (see there for further descendants)

→ Spanish: Luis (see there for further descendants)

From *hlūd (“loud, famous”) + *wīg (“fight, battle”).

af

a male given name, meaning famous in battle


teuʀōn

teuʀōn (infinitive)
teuʀōnijas (genitive infinitive)
teuʀōnijē (dative infinitive)
teuʀōniju (infinitive instrumental)
teuʀō (first-person present singular)
teuʀōdā (first-person past singular)
teuʀōs (present second-person singular)
teuʀōdēs (past second-person singular)
teuʀōdōs (past second-person singular)
teuʀōþ (present singular third-person)
teuʀōdē (past singular third-person)
teuʀōdā (past singular third-person)
teuʀōm (first-person plural present)
teuʀōdum (first-person past plural)
teuʀōþ (plural present second-person)
teuʀōdud (past plural second-person)
teuʀōnþ (plural present third-person)
teuʀōdun (past plural third-person)
teuʀōdī (first-person past singular)
teuʀōdī (past second-person singular)
teuʀō (present singular third-person)
teuʀōdī (past singular third-person)
teuʀōdīm (first-person past plural)
teuʀōdīd (past plural second-person)
teuʀōn (plural present third-person)
teuʀōdīn (past plural third-person)
teuʀō (present singular)
teuʀōþ (plural present)
teuʀōndī (participle present)
teuʀōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: tēorian, tȳrian
Middle English: tiren, tere, teoren (Early Middle English)
English: tire
Scots: tire, tyre, tyr

Unknown; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dews- (“to lack, need, require”), compare Ancient Greek δέω (déō, “to lack, need, require”), Sanskrit दोष (doṣa, “fault, deficiency”).


kabisi

kabisi (nominative singular)
kabissjō (nominative plural)
kabissjā (accusative singular)
kabissjā (accusative plural)
kabissjā (genitive singular)
kabissjō (genitive plural)
kabissjē (dative singular)
kabissjōm (dative plural)
kabissjum (dative plural)
kabissju (instrumental singular)
kabissjōm (instrumental plural)
kabissjum (instrumental plural)

desc

Old English: ċiefes, ċyfys, ċifes, ċyfes

Middle English: chevese, chivese

Old Saxon: kevis

Middle Low German: kēvis, kēves

Low German: Keves

Old Dutch: *kevesa

Middle Dutch: kēefse, kēvisse, kiese

Dutch: kevis (“adultery”)

Old High German: kebis, chebis, kebisa, chebisa

Middle High German: kebes, kebese, kebse

→ German: Kebse (learned, 18th c.)

⇒ Old High German: kebiswīb

Middle High German: kebeswīp

German: Kebsweib (inherited)


aigan

aigan (infinitive)
aigannjas (genitive infinitive)
aigannjē (dative infinitive)
aigannju (infinitive instrumental)
aih (first-person present singular)
aihtā (first-person past singular)
aiht (present second-person singular)
aihtēs (past second-person singular)
aih (present singular third-person)
aihtē (past singular third-person)
aigum (first-person plural present)
aihtum (first-person past plural)
aigud (plural present second-person)
aihtud (past plural second-person)
aigun (plural present third-person)
aihtun (past plural third-person)
aigī (first-person present singular)
aihtī (first-person past singular)
aigī (present second-person singular)
aihtī (past second-person singular)
aigī (present singular third-person)
aihtī (past singular third-person)
aigīm (first-person plural present)
aihtīm (first-person past plural)
aigīd (plural present second-person)
aihtīd (past plural second-person)
aigīn (plural present third-person)
aihtīn (past plural third-person)
aigandī (participle present)
aigan (participle past)

desctree

Old English: āgan
Middle English: owen, ouen, own, owe, awen, aȝen
English: owe (present tense), ought (past tense), own (past participle)
Scots: aw, awe

Old Frisian: āga, hāga

North Frisian: age

Old Saxon: ēgan, eigan

Middle Low German: êgen, eigen

Low German: egen, eigen

German Low German: egen

Old Dutch: *ēgan

Middle Dutch: eigen, êgen

Dutch: eigen (see there for further descendants)

Old High German: eigan

Middle High German: eigen

German: eigen


aigan

aigan (masculine nominative singular)
aiganu (feminine nominative singular)
aigan (neuter nominative singular)
aigananā (accusative masculine singular)
aiganā (accusative feminine singular)
aigan (accusative neuter singular)
aiganas (genitive masculine singular)
aiganeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
aiganas (genitive neuter singular)
aiganumē (dative masculine singular)
aiganeʀē (dative feminine singular)
aiganumē (dative neuter singular)
aiganu (instrumental masculine singular)
aiganeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
aiganu (instrumental neuter singular)
aiganē (masculine nominative plural)
aiganō (feminine nominative plural)
aiganu (neuter nominative plural)
aiganā (accusative masculine plural)
aiganā (accusative feminine plural)
aiganu (accusative neuter plural)
aiganeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
aiganeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
aiganeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
aiganēm (dative masculine plural)
aiganum (dative masculine plural)
aiganēm (dative feminine plural)
aiganum (dative feminine plural)
aiganēm (dative neuter plural)
aiganum (dative neuter plural)
aiganēm (instrumental masculine plural)
aiganum (instrumental masculine plural)
aiganēm (feminine instrumental plural)
aiganum (feminine instrumental plural)
aiganēm (instrumental neuter plural)
aiganum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: āgen

Middle English: aȝen, oȝen, owen

Scots: ain, awne

English: own

Northumbrian: aan

Old Frisian: ēgen, ēin, āin

Saterland Frisian: oain

West Frisian: eigen

Old Saxon: ēgan

Middle Low German: êgen

German Low German: egen

Old Dutch: egan

Middle Dutch: êgen, eigen

Dutch: eigen
Afrikaans: eie
Berbice Creole Dutch: egn
Jersey Dutch: āixe
Negerhollands: eegen, eigen
Sranan Tongo: eigi
Aukan: eigi
Saramaccan: éigi

Old High German: eigan

Middle High German: eigen

Central Franconian: eije, eeje, ääje

German: eigen

Luxembourgish: eegen


speut

speut (nominative singular)
speutō (nominative plural)
speutōs (nominative plural)
speut (accusative singular)
speutā (accusative plural)
speutas (genitive singular)
speutō (genitive plural)
speutē (dative singular)
speutum (dative plural)
speutu (instrumental singular)
speutum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: spiot

Middle Low German: spêt

Old Dutch: *spiot

Middle Dutch: spiet

Old High German: spioz

Middle High German: spiez

German: Spieß

→ Middle Low German: spitz, spies, spis

→ Finnish: peitsi

desc

→ Middle Dutch: spietse, spiesse, spesse

Dutch: spies

Afrikaans: spies

→ Late Latin: speutum, speudum

Old French: espiet (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Germanic *speutaz, *speutą, from Proto-Indo-European *spewd- (“to press, push”), thus denoting "something driven into other things". See Proto-Germanic *speutą for North Germanic cognates.


skadu

skadu (nominative singular)
skadwō (nominative plural)
skadwōs (nominative plural)
skadu (accusative singular)
skadwā (accusative plural)
skadwas (genitive singular)
skadwō (genitive plural)
skadwē (dative singular)
skadum (dative plural)
skadu (instrumental singular)
skadum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: sċeadu
Middle English: schadowe, schadwe, schadow, schadewe, shadewe, schado, shadow, schadou, schaddo
English: shadow
Scots: shadow, schaddow, scaddow

Old Frisian: *skade

Saterland Frisian: Skade, Skaad

West Frisian: skaad, skâd

Old Saxon: skado
Middle Low German: schaduwe, schadewe, schāde, schēde
Low German:
German Low German: Schade, Scharre, Scharr
Westphalian:
Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Schiae
Westmünsterländisch: Schatten
Plautdietsch: Schauten

Old Dutch: scado

Middle Dutch: schāde, schāduwe

Dutch: schaduw; (archaic) schad; (archaic) schade/schaai

Afrikaans: skadu, skaduwee

Old High German: skato, scato m; skata, scata f

desc

Middle High German: schate, schade, schete, schatwe, schetewe m

German: Schatten

Luxembourgish: Schiet

Yiddish: שאָטן (shotn)


furh

furh (nominative singular)
furhi (nominative plural)
furhu (accusative singular)
furhi (accusative plural)
furhi (genitive singular)
forhō (genitive plural)
furhi (dative singular)
furhum (dative plural)
furhi (instrumental singular)
furhum (instrumental plural)

Old English: furh, furuh

Middle English: forow, furgh

English: furrow

Scots: furr

Old Frisian: furch

North Frisian:

Amrum: forag

Saterland Frisian: Fuurge

West Frisian: fuorge

Old Saxon: *furh, furuh

Middle Low German: vōre, vōr

Low German: Föör

Old Dutch: *furh, *furuh

Middle Dutch: vōre, vuere

Dutch: voor, vore

Old High German: furh, furuh

→ Italian: forra

Middle High German: vurch

German: Furche

Luxembourgish: Fuer

Vilamovian: fiüch


krimman

krimman (infinitive)
krimmannjas (genitive infinitive)
krimmannjē (dative infinitive)
krimmannju (infinitive instrumental)
krimmu (first-person present singular)
kramm (first-person past singular)
krimmiʀi (present second-person singular)
krummī (past second-person singular)
krimmidi (present singular third-person)
kramm (past singular third-person)
krimmum (first-person plural present)
krummum (first-person past plural)
krimmid (plural present second-person)
krummud (past plural second-person)
krimmand (plural present third-person)
krummun (past plural third-person)
krimmē (first-person present singular)
krummī (first-person past singular)
krimmēs (present second-person singular)
krimmē (present singular third-person)
krummī (past singular third-person)
krimmēm (first-person plural present)
krummīm (first-person past plural)
krimmēþ (plural present second-person)
krummīd (past plural second-person)
krimmēn (plural present third-person)
krummīn (past plural third-person)
krimm (present singular)
krimmid (plural present)
krimmandī (participle present)
krumman (participle past)

Old English: crimman

Old High German: krimman

Middle High German: krimmen

Alemannic German: krimmen


swindan

swindan (infinitive)
swindannjas (genitive infinitive)
swindannjē (dative infinitive)
swindannju (infinitive instrumental)
swindu (first-person present singular)
swand (first-person past singular)
swindiʀi (present second-person singular)
swundī (past second-person singular)
swindidi (present singular third-person)
swand (past singular third-person)
swindum (first-person plural present)
swundum (first-person past plural)
swindid (plural present second-person)
swundud (past plural second-person)
swindand (plural present third-person)
swundun (past plural third-person)
swindē (first-person present singular)
swundī (first-person past singular)
swindēs (present second-person singular)
swindē (present singular third-person)
swundī (past singular third-person)
swindēm (first-person plural present)
swundīm (first-person past plural)
swindēþ (plural present second-person)
swundīd (past plural second-person)
swindēn (plural present third-person)
swundīn (past plural third-person)
swind (present singular)
swindid (plural present)
swindandī (participle present)
swundan (participle past)

desctree

Old English: swindan
Middle English: swinden, swynden

Old Frisian: *swinda

Saterland Frisian: swiende

West Frisian: swine

Old Saxon: swindan

Middle Low German: swinden

German Low German: swinnen

→ Norwegian Bokmål: svinne

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: svinne, svinna

→ Old Swedish: svinda, svinna

Swedish: svinna

→ Danish: svinde

Old Dutch: *swindan

Middle Dutch: swinden

Dutch: zwinden

Old High German: swintan

Middle High German: swinden

German: schwinden


glandī

glandī (masculine nominative singular)
glandiju (feminine nominative singular)
glandī (neuter nominative singular)
glandijanā (accusative masculine singular)
glandijā (accusative feminine singular)
glandī (accusative neuter singular)
glandijas (genitive masculine singular)
glandijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
glandijas (genitive neuter singular)
glandijumē (dative masculine singular)
glandijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
glandijumē (dative neuter singular)
glandiju (instrumental masculine singular)
glandijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
glandiju (instrumental neuter singular)
glandijē (masculine nominative plural)
glandijō (feminine nominative plural)
glandiju (neuter nominative plural)
glandijā (accusative masculine plural)
glandijā (accusative feminine plural)
glandiju (accusative neuter plural)
glandijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
glandijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
glandijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
glandijēm (dative masculine plural)
glandijum (dative masculine plural)
glandijēm (dative feminine plural)
glandijum (dative feminine plural)
glandijēm (dative neuter plural)
glandijum (dative neuter plural)
glandijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
glandijum (instrumental masculine plural)
glandijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
glandijum (feminine instrumental plural)
glandijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
glandijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Frisian: gland (“glowing, burning”)

Saterland Frisian: glënd, glënnd

West Frisian: glandich

→ Dutch: glandig

Old Saxon: *gland, *glendi

desc

German Low German: glant, glende (“glowing, shining”)

Old High German: glandich (“glowing, hot”)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰl̥h₂-n̥-dʰ-ó-s, from *gʰleh₂dʰ- (“bright, shining”).


twekkōn

twekkōn (infinitive)
twekkōnijas (genitive infinitive)
twekkōnijē (dative infinitive)
twekkōniju (infinitive instrumental)
twekkō (first-person present singular)
twekkōdā (first-person past singular)
twekkōs (present second-person singular)
twekkōdēs (past second-person singular)
twekkōdōs (past second-person singular)
twekkōþ (present singular third-person)
twekkōdē (past singular third-person)
twekkōdā (past singular third-person)
twekkōm (first-person plural present)
twekkōdum (first-person past plural)
twekkōþ (plural present second-person)
twekkōdud (past plural second-person)
twekkōnþ (plural present third-person)
twekkōdun (past plural third-person)
twekkōdī (first-person past singular)
twekkōdī (past second-person singular)
twekkō (present singular third-person)
twekkōdī (past singular third-person)
twekkōdīm (first-person past plural)
twekkōdīd (past plural second-person)
twekkōn (plural present third-person)
twekkōdīn (past plural third-person)
twekkō (present singular)
twekkōþ (plural present)
twekkōndī (participle present)
twekkōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: twiccian
Middle English: twikken
English: tweak
English: tweag, tweague
Scots: twik

desc

Old High German: zwekkōn, zweckōn, zwecchōn; (zwigōn)

Middle High German: zwecken

German: zwecken


twikkijan

twikkijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
twikkijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
twikkijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
twikkijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
twikkiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
twikkidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
twikkisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
twikkidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
twikkidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
twikkiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
twikkidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
twikkidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
twikkijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
twikkidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
twikkiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
twikkidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
twikkijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
twikkidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
twikkijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
twikkidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
twikkijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
twikkidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
twikkijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
twikkidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
twikkijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
twikkidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
twikkijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
twikkidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
twikkijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
twikkidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
twikki (class-1 present singular weak)
twikkiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
twikkijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
twikkid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *twiċċan

Middle English: twicchen (preterite twighte)

English: twitch

Scots: twitch

Old Saxon: *twikkian

Middle Low German: *twikken, *twicken

Low German: twikken

German Low German: twicken

Old Dutch: *twikken

Middle Dutch: *twikken

Dutch: twikken

Old High German: zwikken, zwicken

Middle High German: zwicken

German: zwicken

Unknown; related to *twekkōn. Compare also Proto-Slavic *dvigati (“to raise, lift”), which may be related.


sprākijā

sprākijā (nominative singular)
sprākijōn (nominative plural)
sprākijōn (accusative singular)
sprākijōn (accusative plural)
sprākijōn (genitive singular)
sprākijōnō (genitive plural)
sprākijōn (dative singular)
sprākijōm (dative plural)
sprākijum (dative plural)
sprākijōn (instrumental singular)
sprākijōm (instrumental plural)
sprākijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sprǣċe

Old Saxon: sprāka, *sprēkia

desc

Middle Low German: sprâke (weak), sprêke

German Low German: Sprake, Spraak

desctree

Old Dutch: sprāca
Middle Dutch: sprâke
Dutch: spraak, (obsolete) sprake, spraeke
Afrikaans: spraak

Old High German: sprāhha, sprācha

Middle High German: sprache

Alemannic German: Sproch

Swabian: Schbroach

Bavarian: Sproch

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Sproch

Kölsch: Sprooch

Luxembourgish: Sprooch

East Central German:

Erzgebirgisch: Schprohch

Vilamovian: śpröch

East Franconian:

German: Sprache

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Schprooch

Pfälzisch: Sproch

Yiddish: שפּראַך (shprakh)


gnagan

gnagan (infinitive)
gnagannjas (genitive infinitive)
gnagannjē (dative infinitive)
gnagannju (infinitive instrumental)
gnagu (first-person present singular)
gnōg (first-person past singular)
gnagiʀi (present second-person singular)
gnōgī (past second-person singular)
gnagidi (present singular third-person)
gnōg (past singular third-person)
gnagum (first-person plural present)
gnōgum (first-person past plural)
gnagid (plural present second-person)
gnōgud (past plural second-person)
gnagand (plural present third-person)
gnōgun (past plural third-person)
gnagē (first-person present singular)
gnōgī (first-person past singular)
gnagēs (present second-person singular)
gnagē (present singular third-person)
gnōgī (past singular third-person)
gnagēm (first-person plural present)
gnōgīm (first-person past plural)
gnagēþ (plural present second-person)
gnōgīd (past plural second-person)
gnagēn (plural present third-person)
gnōgīn (past plural third-person)
gnag (present singular)
gnagid (plural present)
gnagandī (participle present)
gnagan (participle past)
*knagan (alternative)

Old English: gnagan, *cnagan

Middle English: gnaȝen, gnawen, knawen

Scots: gnaw, knaw

English: gnaw, knaw

Old Frisian: *gnaga

Saterland Frisian: gnaue; gnauje; gnauelje

West Frisian: gnauwe

Old Saxon: knagan, gnagan

Middle Low German: gnāgen, knāgen

German Low German: gnagen, gnauen

Plautdietsch: gnoagen

Old Dutch: *gnagan, *cnagan

Middle Dutch: cnagen

q

Dutch: knagen, knauwen (possibly a contamination of knagen and kauwen)

Afrikaans: knaag, knae

Old High German: gnagan, knagan, nagan

Middle High German: nagen

German: nagen


langasam

langasam (masculine nominative singular)
langasamu (feminine nominative singular)
langasam (neuter nominative singular)
langasamanā (accusative masculine singular)
langasamā (accusative feminine singular)
langasam (accusative neuter singular)
langasamas (genitive masculine singular)
langasameʀā (feminine genitive singular)
langasamas (genitive neuter singular)
langasamumē (dative masculine singular)
langasameʀē (dative feminine singular)
langasamumē (dative neuter singular)
langasamu (instrumental masculine singular)
langasameʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
langasamu (instrumental neuter singular)
langasamē (masculine nominative plural)
langasamō (feminine nominative plural)
langasamu (neuter nominative plural)
langasamā (accusative masculine plural)
langasamā (accusative feminine plural)
langasamu (accusative neuter plural)
langasameʀō (genitive masculine plural)
langasameʀō (feminine genitive plural)
langasameʀō (genitive neuter plural)
langasamēm (dative masculine plural)
langasamum (dative masculine plural)
langasamēm (dative feminine plural)
langasamum (dative feminine plural)
langasamēm (dative neuter plural)
langasamum (dative neuter plural)
langasamēm (instrumental masculine plural)
langasamum (instrumental masculine plural)
langasamēm (feminine instrumental plural)
langasamum (feminine instrumental plural)
langasamēm (instrumental neuter plural)
langasamum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: langsum, longsum

desc

Middle English: langsum, longsum, longsom

Scots: langsum, langsome

English: longsome

Old Frisian: *langsum, *longsum

Saterland Frisian: loangsoam

West Frisian: langsum

Old Saxon: langsam

Middle Low German: lancsām, lanksam, lanksem, lanksum

German Low German: langsaam

→ Old Norse: langsamr

Icelandic: langsamur

Norwegian:

Norwegian Nynorsk: langsam

Norwegian Bokmål: langsom

Old Swedish: langsamber

Swedish: långsam

Danish: langsom

Old Dutch: *langsam

Middle Dutch: lancsam, lancsom, lancsaem

desctree

Dutch: langzaam
→ Indonesian: langsam
Negerhollands: langsaam, langsaem

Afrikaans: langsaam

Old High German: lancsam

Middle High German: lancsam

German: langsam

drawn-out, long-lasting, extended, enduring


aket

aket (nominative singular)
aketō (nominative plural)
aketōs (nominative plural)
aket (accusative singular)
aketā (accusative plural)
aketas (genitive singular)
aketō (genitive plural)
aketē (dative singular)
aketum (dative plural)
aketu (instrumental singular)
aketum (instrumental plural)

Old English: æċed, eċed, æċċed

Middle English: eced

Old Saxon: ekid

desc

Middle Low German: êtik, etek, ettik, atik, âtik

German Low German: Etig, Ätig

→ West Frisian: jittik

→ Old Norse: edik

Danish: eddike

Faroese: edikur

Icelandic: edik

Norwegian Bokmål: eddik

Swedish: ättika

Old Dutch: etig

desctree

Middle Dutch: edic
Dutch: edik
Afrikaans: edik
Limburgish: aek

Old High German: ezzih
Middle High German: ezzich, ezzech, ezzeich, ezzec
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: éssag, ezza (Luserna)
Mòcheno: ezza
German: Essig
Hunsrik: Essich
Luxembourgish: Esseg
Vilamovian: essig
Yiddish: עסיק (esik)

Borrowed from Latin acētum. Parallel borrowing with Gothic 𐌰𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍄 (akeit), 𐌰𐌺𐌴𐍄 (akēt).


fardi

fardi (nominative singular)
fardī (nominative plural)
fardi (accusative singular)
fardī (accusative plural)
fardī (genitive singular)
fardijō (genitive plural)
fardī (dative singular)
fardim (dative plural)
fardijum (dative plural)
fardī (instrumental singular)
fardim (instrumental plural)
fardijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ferd, feord, fierd, fyrd

desc

Middle English: ferd, verd, færd, værde, varde

>? English: ferd

>? Scots: ferd, fard, faird

→ English: fyrd

Old Frisian: ferd

Old Saxon: fard

Middle Low German: vart

→ Danish: fart

→ Icelandic: fart

→ Faroese: fart

→ Norwegian Bokmål: fart

→ Swedish: fart

desctree

Old Dutch: farth
Middle Dutch: vāert
Dutch: vaart
Afrikaans: vaart
Limburgish: vaart, vaartj
→ West Frisian: feart
→ Walloon: vårt

Old High German: fart, vart

Middle High German: fart

desc

German: Fahrt (“journey”), Fährte (“trail”)

→ Saterland Frisian: Foart

→ Danish: fært

Luxembourgish: Faart


wulfini

wulfini (nominative singular)
wulfunnjō (nominative plural)
wulfunnjā (accusative singular)
wulfunnjā (accusative plural)
wulfunnjā (genitive singular)
wulfunnjō (genitive plural)
wulfunnjē (dative singular)
wulfunnjōm (dative plural)
wulfunnjum (dative plural)
wulfunnju (instrumental singular)
wulfunnjōm (instrumental plural)
wulfunnjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wylfen

Middle English: wulvine, wulvene

Scots: wolfyne

Old Saxon: *wulfinnia, *wulfinnea

Middle Low German: wulfinne

German Low German: Wülfin

Old Dutch: *wulfinna

Middle Dutch: wolvinne

Dutch: wolvin

Old High German: *wulfinna, (wulpin)

Middle High German: wülvinne, wulfinne, wolfinne, (wülpinne)

German: Wölfin


habulō

habulō (nominative singular)
habulan (nominative plural)
habulan (accusative singular)
habulan (accusative plural)
habulini (genitive singular)
habulan (genitive singular)
habulanō (genitive plural)
habulini (dative singular)
habulan (dative singular)
habulum (dative plural)
habulini (instrumental singular)
habulan (instrumental singular)
habulum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hafela, hafala, heafola, heafela, hafola

q

or related to Old Norse <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">heili</i> (“brain”)

>? Old Frisian: heila, holla (or related to Old Norse heili (“brain”))

North Frisian: hel

West Frisian: holle

Uncertain, but apparently from the same Proto-Indo-European or substrate root *kap- (“head”) as found in the synonym *habud/*haubid; possibly from Proto-Germanic *habulô, from Proto-Indo-European *kapu-lon-; or from Proto-Germanic *habalô, from *káp-ol-, in that case identical to Sanskrit कपाल (kapā́la, “skull; bowl”).


wulfīn

wulfīn (masculine nominative singular)
wulfīnu (feminine nominative singular)
wulfīn (neuter nominative singular)
wulfīnanā (accusative masculine singular)
wulfīnā (accusative feminine singular)
wulfīn (accusative neuter singular)
wulfīnas (genitive masculine singular)
wulfīneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
wulfīnas (genitive neuter singular)
wulfīnumē (dative masculine singular)
wulfīneʀē (dative feminine singular)
wulfīnumē (dative neuter singular)
wulfīnu (instrumental masculine singular)
wulfīneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
wulfīnu (instrumental neuter singular)
wulfīnē (masculine nominative plural)
wulfīnō (feminine nominative plural)
wulfīnu (neuter nominative plural)
wulfīnā (accusative masculine plural)
wulfīnā (accusative feminine plural)
wulfīnu (accusative neuter plural)
wulfīneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
wulfīneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
wulfīneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
wulfīnēm (dative masculine plural)
wulfīnum (dative masculine plural)
wulfīnēm (dative feminine plural)
wulfīnum (dative feminine plural)
wulfīnēm (dative neuter plural)
wulfīnum (dative neuter plural)
wulfīnēm (instrumental masculine plural)
wulfīnum (instrumental masculine plural)
wulfīnēm (feminine instrumental plural)
wulfīnum (feminine instrumental plural)
wulfīnēm (instrumental neuter plural)
wulfīnum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: wylfen

(English: wolven)

Old High German: *wolfin

Middle High German: wolfin


raisu

raisu (nominative singular)
raisō (nominative plural)
raisā (accusative singular)
raisā (accusative plural)
raisā (genitive singular)
raisō (genitive plural)
raisē (dative singular)
raisōm (dative plural)
raisum (dative plural)
raisu (instrumental singular)
raisōm (instrumental plural)
raisum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *rēse

North Frisian: reyse

Old Saxon: *reisa

Middle Low German: reise

German Low German: Reis

→ Danish: rejse

→ Swedish: resa

desc

→ Swedish: reis, reisu (dialectal, Finland)

→ Finnish: reissu, reisu (dialectal)

→ Norwegian: reise

→ Estonian: reis

Old Dutch: *reisa

desctree

Middle Dutch: reise
Dutch: reis
Afrikaans: reis
→ Russian: рейс (rejs)
Limburgish: reis
→ Middle English: reys, raise
English: reys

Old High German: reisa

Middle High German: reise, reis

Bavarian: Reisn, Roas

Cimbrian: raize

Mòcheno: roas

German: Reise
→ Kashubian: réza
→ Ukrainian: рейс (rejs)

Hunsrik: Rees

Luxembourgish: Rees

Presumably from Proto-Germanic *raisō, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₁róy-s-eh₂, from *h₁rey- (“to rise up”). By synchronic analysis, a nominal derivative of Proto-Germanic *raizijaną (“to raise”).


waiʀd

waiʀd (nominative singular)
waiʀdō (nominative plural)
waiʀdōs (nominative plural)
waiʀd (accusative singular)
waiʀdā (accusative plural)
waiʀdas (genitive singular)
waiʀdō (genitive plural)
waiʀdē (dative singular)
waiʀdum (dative plural)
waiʀdu (instrumental singular)
waiʀdum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wād, weard, *weald
Middle English: wad, wod, wadde, wode
Scots: wad, waid
English: woad
Middle English: welde, wolde
English: weld, wold

Old Frisian: wēd

Old Saxon: wēd

Middle Low German: wêt, weit

Old Dutch: *wēd, *weid

Middle Dutch: wede, weet

Dutch: wede

Old High German: weit

Middle High German: weit

German: Waid

→ Danish: vajd

→ Swedish: vejde

→ Czech: vejt

→ Russian: ва́йда (vájda)

desc

→? Medieval Latin: waisdum, guaisdium, waisda, waida

Old French: guesde, gaide, waisde, waide

Middle French: guede

French: guède

Italian: guado

Piedmontese: vaud


kefrō

kefrō (nominative singular)
kefran (nominative plural)
kefran (accusative singular)
kefran (accusative plural)
kifrini (genitive singular)
kefran (genitive singular)
kefranō (genitive plural)
kifrini (dative singular)
kefran (dative singular)
kefrum (dative plural)
kifrini (instrumental singular)
kefran (instrumental singular)
kefrum (instrumental plural)
*kebr (alternative)
*kabr (alternative)
*kefr (alternative)
*kafr (alternative)

desctree

Old English: ċeafor, ċeafer
Middle English: chafur, chavere
English: chafer

Old Saxon: kevera

Middle Low German: kever, sever

German Low German: Käver, Sever, Sevver, Sebber

Old Dutch: *keviro

Middle Dutch: kever

Dutch: kever

Afrikaans: kewer

Old High German: cheviro, chevar
Middle High German: kever
Alemannic German: Chääfer
German: Käfer
→ Ladin: chëifer
⇒ Luxembourgish: Kiewerlek (from MHG *keverlinc)

Unknown; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵebʰ- (“to eat, chew”) (whence also Proto-Slavic *zȍbь (“fodder”)), perhaps related to *kafl (“jaw”).


strangiʀō

strangiʀō (masculine nominative singular)
strangiʀā (feminine nominative singular)
strangiʀā (neuter nominative singular)
strangiʀan (accusative masculine singular)
strangiʀōn (accusative feminine singular)
strangiʀā (accusative neuter singular)
strangiʀini (genitive masculine singular)
strangiʀan (genitive masculine singular)
strangiʀōn (feminine genitive singular)
strangiʀini (genitive neuter singular)
strangiʀan (genitive neuter singular)
strangiʀini (dative masculine singular)
strangiʀan (dative masculine singular)
strangiʀōn (dative feminine singular)
strangiʀini (dative neuter singular)
strangiʀan (dative neuter singular)
strangiʀini (instrumental masculine singular)
strangiʀan (instrumental masculine singular)
strangiʀōn (feminine instrumental singular)
strangiʀini (instrumental neuter singular)
strangiʀan (instrumental neuter singular)
strangiʀan (masculine nominative plural)
strangiʀōn (feminine nominative plural)
strangiʀōn (neuter nominative plural)
strangiʀan (accusative masculine plural)
strangiʀōn (accusative feminine plural)
strangiʀōn (accusative neuter plural)
strangiʀanō (genitive masculine plural)
strangiʀōnō (feminine genitive plural)
strangiʀanō (genitive neuter plural)
strangiʀum (dative masculine plural)
strangiʀōm (dative feminine plural)
strangiʀum (dative feminine plural)
strangiʀum (dative neuter plural)
strangiʀum (instrumental masculine plural)
strangiʀōm (feminine instrumental plural)
strangiʀum (feminine instrumental plural)
strangiʀum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: strengra, strongra
Middle English: strengere, strongere
English: stronger

From Proto-Germanic *strangizô. Equivalent to *strang (“strong”) + *-iʀō.

comparative degree of *strang (“strong”): stronger


tamisu

tamisu (nominative singular)
tamisō (nominative plural)
tamisā (accusative singular)
tamisā (accusative plural)
tamisā (genitive singular)
tamisō (genitive plural)
tamisē (dative singular)
tamisōm (dative plural)
tamisum (dative plural)
tamisu (instrumental singular)
tamisōm (instrumental plural)
tamisum (instrumental plural)

desc

Old English: *tæmes, *temes (in compounds)

desctree

Middle English: temse, temes, temeze, temmes, temps, tempse, temys, temze
English: temse, tems, tempse
Scots: teemse

Old Frisian: *tames, *temes, *temse

Saterland Frisian: Teemse

West Frisian: teams, tiems

Old Saxon: *temusa, *temisa

Middle Low German: temese, temse f; temes, temis, tems n

German Low German: Teemse, Teems

Old Dutch: *temusa, *temisa, *temsa

Middle Dutch: temse, tems, temst

Dutch: teems (dialectal)

Old High German: zemisa; temis, zemis

Middle High German: *zemes, *zems

German: Zimes, Zems, Zims (dialectal)

Unknown; perhaps borrowed from Gaulish/Gallo-Romance *tamisium, *tamision; in any case, cognate with Latin tamisium (more at tamis) and possibly Ancient Greek τάμῐσος (támĭsos).
The Gaulish word itself is of uncertain origin, perhaps borrowed from a substrate. The closest Celtic cognate is Breton tamoez, tañouiz, but this itself could be a Romance borrowing.


slidrōn

slidrōn (infinitive)
slidrōnijas (genitive infinitive)
slidrōnijē (dative infinitive)
slidrōniju (infinitive instrumental)
slidrō (first-person present singular)
slidrōdā (first-person past singular)
slidrōs (present second-person singular)
slidrōdēs (past second-person singular)
slidrōdōs (past second-person singular)
slidrōþ (present singular third-person)
slidrōdē (past singular third-person)
slidrōdā (past singular third-person)
slidrōm (first-person plural present)
slidrōdum (first-person past plural)
slidrōþ (plural present second-person)
slidrōdud (past plural second-person)
slidrōnþ (plural present third-person)
slidrōdun (past plural third-person)
slidrōdī (first-person past singular)
slidrōdī (past second-person singular)
slidrō (present singular third-person)
slidrōdī (past singular third-person)
slidrōdīm (first-person past plural)
slidrōdīd (past plural second-person)
slidrōn (plural present third-person)
slidrōdīn (past plural third-person)
slidrō (present singular)
slidrōþ (plural present)
slidrōndī (participle present)
slidrōd (participle past)

Old English: slidrian, sliderian

Middle English: slideren, slidren, slitheren, slider, slyderyn, slyther, slidre, sledryn
English: slidder, slither
Scots: slidder
Yola: slider

Old Saxon: *slidrōn

Middle Low German: *slidren, *slidderen

Low German: sliddern

→ German: schlittern

Old Dutch: *slidron

desc

Middle Dutch: slideren, slidren, slidderen

Dutch: slidderen, slijderen, slieren

West Flemish: sleren

Old High German: slidrōn

From *slīdan (“to slide”) + *-rōn (frequentative).


strōd

strōd (nominative singular)
strōdiʀu (nominative plural)
strōd (accusative singular)
strōdiʀu (accusative plural)
strōdiʀi (genitive singular)
strōdiʀō (genitive plural)
strōdiʀi (dative singular)
strōdiʀum (dative plural)
strōdiʀi (instrumental singular)
strōdiʀum (instrumental plural)
strōd (nominative singular)
strōdi (nominative plural)
strōdu (accusative singular)
strōdi (accusative plural)
strōdi (genitive singular)
strōdō (genitive plural)
strōdi (dative singular)
strōdum (dative plural)
strōdi (instrumental singular)
strōdum (instrumental plural)

Old English: strōd, strōþ n

Middle English: strothe

English: Strood (placename)

⇒ Old English: *strōdor, *strōþor

Middle English: strother, struther

English: Strother, Strothers (surname)

Old Saxon: *strōd

Middle Low German: strôt m or f

Low German: Strod (Westphalian)

Old Dutch: *strōd, *struoda f

Middle Dutch: stroede, stroet

Dutch: stroet, Stroe (placename)

→ Latin: strude (attested in Latin texts)

Old High German: struot f

Middle High German: struot

German: Struth, Strut (archaic)

Unknown. Suggested to be from Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃- (“to spread; strew”), compare Sanskrit प्रस्तर (prastara, “plain”).


Hildirīk

Hildirīk (nominative singular)
Hildirīki (nominative plural)
Hildirīku (accusative singular)
Hildirīki (accusative plural)
Hildirīki (genitive singular)
Hildirīkō (genitive plural)
Hildirīki (dative singular)
Hildirīkum (dative plural)
Hildirīki (instrumental singular)
Hildirīkum (instrumental plural)

desc

→ Latin: Hilderīcus, Childerīcus, Ilderīcus (see there for further descendants)


Gaiʀahard

Gaiʀahard (nominative singular)
Gaiʀahard (accusative singular)
Gaiʀahardas (genitive singular)
Gaiʀahardē (dative singular)
Gaiʀahardu (instrumental singular)

Old English: Gārheard

desctree

Old Dutch: *Gērhart (attested in placenames)
Middle Dutch: Gherart, Gerart
Dutch: Gerard, Geert, Gert

Old High German: Gērhart

German: Gerhard

→ Hungarian: Gellért

→ Old Norse: Geirarðr

→ Old French: Gerart
French: Gérard
→ English: Gerard
→ Irish: Gearóid

→ Latin: Gerardus

Catalan: Gerard

Italian: Gerardo, Gherardo

Spanish: Gerardo

From *gaiʀ (“spear”) + *hard(ī) (“brave, hard”).

af

a male given name, equivalent to English Gerard


elpand

elpand (nominative singular)
elpandō (nominative plural)
elpandōs (nominative plural)
elpand (accusative singular)
elpandā (accusative plural)
elpandas (genitive singular)
elpandō (genitive plural)
elpandē (dative singular)
elpandum (dative plural)
elpandu (instrumental singular)
elpandum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: elpend, ylpend, ylp
Middle English: elp, ylp

Old Dutch: *elpand

Middle Dutch: elpend

Old High German: helfan, helfant

desc

Middle High German: hëlfant, elefant, elfant (relatinisation)

Alemannic German: Elifant

desctree

German: Elefant, Elephant (obsolete)
→ Kashubian: élefant
→ Lower Sorbian: elefant
→ Saterland Frisian: Elefant

Luxembourgish: Elefant

Vilamovian: elefaont

Yiddish: העלפֿאַנד (helfand)

Borrowed from Latin elephantus (“elephant”). Doublet of *olbandu (“camel”).


lehtr

lehtr (nominative singular)
lehtru (nominative plural)
lehtr (accusative singular)
lehtru (accusative plural)
lehtras (genitive singular)
lehtrō (genitive plural)
lehtrē (dative singular)
lehtrum (dative plural)
lehtru (instrumental singular)
lehtrum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: lehtar

Old High German: lehtar

⇒ Old High German: gilehtar

Middle High German: gelihter, gelichter

German: Gelichter

From *liggjan (“to lie, rest”) + *-þr. Diachronically cognate with Ancient Greek λέκτρον (léktron, “couch, bed”).


haimgard

haimgard (nominative singular)
haimgardō (nominative plural)
haimgardōs (nominative plural)
haimgard (accusative singular)
haimgardā (accusative plural)
haimgardas (genitive singular)
haimgardō (genitive plural)
haimgardē (dative singular)
haimgardum (dative plural)
haimgardu (instrumental singular)
haimgardum (instrumental plural)

Old High German: heimgart (“forum”)

desc

→ Old French: *hamgart, hangart, hangard

Middle French: hangart, hangard, hanghart, hangar (“shed, hangar”)

French: hangar (see there for further descendants)

From *haim (“home, village”) + *gard (“enclosure, yard”).

af

enclosure surrounding a house or group of houses


willjakwemō

Old English: wilcuma, wilcume

desc

Middle English: welcome, wolcume, wulcume, wilcume

Scots: walcome

English: welcome

→ Tok Pisin: welkam

→ Pitcairn-Norfolk: welkam

⇒ Old English: wilcumian, wylcumian, wellcumian (verb)

Middle English: wilcumen, wolcumen, welcomen

English: welcome

Scots: welcum, welcom, wellcom, willcom

⇒ Old English: ġewilcumian

Old Frisian: *wilkuma

Saterland Frisian: wilkemen, wülkemen, wäilkúmen

West Frisian: wolkom

Old Saxon: *willikumo

Middle Low German: willekome, wilkome, willekom

⇒ Middle Low German: willekomen, willekōmen (verb)

⇒ Middle Low German: willekōmen, wolkōmen (past participle, adjective)

German Low German: willkomen

→ Old Norse: velkominn (adjective)

Icelandic: velkominn

Faroese: vælkomin

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: velkommen

Norwegian Nynorsk: velkomen, velkommen

Old Swedish: vælkomin

Swedish: välkommen

Old Danish: wælkomæn

Danish: velkommen

Old Dutch: *willikumo

Middle Dutch: willecome, wellecome, welcome

Dutch: welkom

Afrikaans: welkom

Limburgish: welkom, wilkóm

→ Old French: willecome, willecomme, wilecome

Middle French: willecomme (adjective, interjection)

⇒ Old French: willecomer, wilecomer (verb)

Middle French: welcumer, welcomer, welcomier (verb)

Old High German: willikwemo, williquemo, willikomo, willechomen

Middle High German: willekomen

Alemannic German: wéllkòmm, wol chomne, wolgcheemen, woul chemne

Cimbrian: bóolkhèmm

German: willkommen

Luxembourgish: wëllkëmm

→ Vulgar Latin: *bene venītus, *bene venūtus (calque) (see there for further descendants)


rīfilōn

rīfilōn (infinitive)
rīfilōnijas (genitive infinitive)
rīfilōnijē (dative infinitive)
rīfilōniju (infinitive instrumental)
rīfilō (first-person present singular)
rīfilōdā (first-person past singular)
rīfilōs (present second-person singular)
rīfilōdēs (past second-person singular)
rīfilōdōs (past second-person singular)
rīfilōþ (present singular third-person)
rīfilōdē (past singular third-person)
rīfilōdā (past singular third-person)
rīfilōm (first-person plural present)
rīfilōdum (first-person past plural)
rīfilōþ (plural present second-person)
rīfilōdud (past plural second-person)
rīfilōnþ (plural present third-person)
rīfilōdun (past plural third-person)
rīfilōdī (first-person past singular)
rīfilōdī (past second-person singular)
rīfilō (present singular third-person)
rīfilōdī (past singular third-person)
rīfilōdīm (first-person past plural)
rīfilōdīd (past plural second-person)
rīfilōn (plural present third-person)
rīfilōdīn (past plural third-person)
rīfilō (present singular)
rīfilōþ (plural present)
rīfilōndī (participle present)
rīfilōd (participle past)

Old English: geriflian

West Frisian: riffelje

Low German: rieveln, riffeln, ruffelen

Old Dutch: riffilon

Middle Dutch: rijffelen, rijfelen, ruifelen, ruyffelen

Dutch: rijfelen (obsolete)

Old High German: riffilōn

→ Old French: rifler, riffler, ryffler, rofler, rufler, rufeler (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Germanic *rīfilōną (“to scrape, scratch, graze”), *rīfjaną, *rīfaną (“to tear, rend”) + *-lōną (frequentative suffix). Cognate with Old Norse hrufla (“to graze”).


Erknabalþ

Erknabalþ (nominative singular)
Erknabalþ (accusative singular)
Erknabalþā (accusative plural)
Erknabalþas (genitive singular)
Erknabalþō (genitive plural)
Erknabalþē (dative singular)
Erknabalþum (dative plural)
Erknabalþu (instrumental singular)
Erknabalþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: Eorcenbald

desc

Old High German: Erchimbold, Erkenbald, Erchanbald, Erkanbald

→ Latin: Archibaldus

→ Old French: Archaunbault

→ English: Archibald, Archie, Archy

French: Archambault, Archaimbaud, Archenbaud, Archimbaud

Italian: Archimboldo, Arcimbaldo, Arcimboldo

Portuguese: Arquibaldo, Arquimbaldo

Spanish: Archibaldo

From *erkn (“pure, holy, genuine, precious”) + *balþ (“strong, bold”).


uʀgōl

uʀgōl (masculine nominative singular)
uʀgōlu (feminine nominative singular)
uʀgōl (neuter nominative singular)
uʀgōlanā (accusative masculine singular)
uʀgōlā (accusative feminine singular)
uʀgōl (accusative neuter singular)
uʀgōlas (genitive masculine singular)
uʀgōleʀā (feminine genitive singular)
uʀgōlas (genitive neuter singular)
uʀgōlumē (dative masculine singular)
uʀgōleʀē (dative feminine singular)
uʀgōlumē (dative neuter singular)
uʀgōlu (instrumental masculine singular)
uʀgōleʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
uʀgōlu (instrumental neuter singular)
uʀgōlē (masculine nominative plural)
uʀgōlō (feminine nominative plural)
uʀgōlu (neuter nominative plural)
uʀgōlā (accusative masculine plural)
uʀgōlā (accusative feminine plural)
uʀgōlu (accusative neuter plural)
uʀgōleʀō (genitive masculine plural)
uʀgōleʀō (feminine genitive plural)
uʀgōleʀō (genitive neuter plural)
uʀgōlēm (dative masculine plural)
uʀgōlum (dative masculine plural)
uʀgōlēm (dative feminine plural)
uʀgōlum (dative feminine plural)
uʀgōlēm (dative neuter plural)
uʀgōlum (dative neuter plural)
uʀgōlēm (instrumental masculine plural)
uʀgōlum (instrumental masculine plural)
uʀgōlēm (feminine instrumental plural)
uʀgōlum (feminine instrumental plural)
uʀgōlēm (instrumental neuter plural)
uʀgōlum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Saxon: urgōl

Old High German: urguol, urgol

From *uʀ- (“out, over”) + *gōl, from Proto-Germanic *gōliz, vṛddhi-derivative of Proto-Germanic *galaną.


skuldru

skuldru (nominative singular)
skoldrō (nominative plural)
skoldrā (accusative singular)
skoldrā (accusative plural)
skoldrā (genitive singular)
skoldrō (genitive plural)
skuldrē (dative singular)
skoldrōm (dative plural)
skuldrum (dative plural)
skuldru (instrumental singular)
skoldrōm (instrumental plural)
skuldrum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: sċuldra m, sċuldor, sċuldru
Middle English: schuldre, scholder, scholdour, scholdur, schoulder, schulder, schuldir, schuldyr, sculdre, sholder, sholdir, sholdre, shulder, shuldur, ssoldre, ssuldre
English: shoulder, shouder (dialectal)
Middle Scots: schulder, schoulder, schouldir, schuder
Scots: shouder, shooder, shouther, shoother, shidder
Yola: shuller

Old Frisian: skuldere m

Saterland Frisian: Schullere, Skullere (<? Low German)

West Frisian: skouder

Old Saxon: *skuldra f

Middle Low German: scholder m

Low German: Schuller, Schulder f

Plautdietsch: Schulla

→ Norwegian Bokmål: skulder

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: skulder

→ Swedish: skuldra

→ Danish: skulder

→ Gutnish: skuldre, skuldrå

Old Dutch: *sculdero
Middle Dutch: schoudere
Dutch: schouder, schouwer (dialectal)
Afrikaans: skouer
Limburgish: sjouwer

desc

Old High German: skultera, scultera, scultra f

Middle High German: schulter, schulder

Central Franconian: Scholder

Bavarian: Schuiter, Schulter

German: Schulter f

Luxembourgish: Schëller

→ Esperanto: ŝultro

Unknown; suggested to be either cognate with Ancient Greek σκέλος (skélos, “leg”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel- (“to bend”), or related to *skeldu (“shield”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to split”), + *-þr + *-u.

der

, *bōgu


pikkōn

pikkōn (infinitive)
pikkōnijas (genitive infinitive)
pikkōnijē (dative infinitive)
pikkōniju (infinitive instrumental)
pikkō (first-person present singular)
pikkōdā (first-person past singular)
pikkōs (present second-person singular)
pikkōdēs (past second-person singular)
pikkōdōs (past second-person singular)
pikkōþ (present singular third-person)
pikkōdē (past singular third-person)
pikkōdā (past singular third-person)
pikkōm (first-person plural present)
pikkōdum (first-person past plural)
pikkōþ (plural present second-person)
pikkōdud (past plural second-person)
pikkōnþ (plural present third-person)
pikkōdun (past plural third-person)
pikkōdī (first-person past singular)
pikkōdī (past second-person singular)
pikkō (present singular third-person)
pikkōdī (past singular third-person)
pikkōdīm (first-person past plural)
pikkōdīd (past plural second-person)
pikkōn (plural present third-person)
pikkōdīn (past plural third-person)
pikkō (present singular)
pikkōþ (plural present)
pikkōndī (participle present)
pikkōd (participle past)

Old English: *piccian, *pīcian, pȳcan

Middle English: piken, picken, pikken

English: pick

Scots: pik

q

Middle English: pecken, pekken (possible borrowing from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German forms)

English: peck

Scots: peck

Old Saxon: *pikkōn

Middle Low German: picken, pecken

German Low German: picken

→ German: picken

Old Dutch: *pikken

Middle Dutch: picken, pecken, peken

Dutch: pikken

Old High German: picchen

desc

→ Vulgar Latin: *piccō (“to strike, sting”) (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Germanic *pikkōną (“to pick, peck”).


warjan

warjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
warjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
warjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
warjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
warju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
waridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
warisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
waridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
waridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wariþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
waridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
waridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
warjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
waridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wariþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
waridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
warjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
waridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
warjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
waridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
warjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
waridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
warjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
waridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
warjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
waridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
warjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
waridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
warjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
waridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wari (class-1 present singular weak)
wariþ (class-1 plural present weak)
warjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
warid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: werian

Middle English: werien, weren

desc

English: weir, wear (“to guard, watch, defend”)

Scots: were, wer, weir

Old Frisian: weria

Old Saxon: werian

Middle Low German: weren

Low German: wehren

→ Polabian: varo

Old Dutch: werien

desctree

Middle Dutch: weren
Dutch: weren
Limburgish: waere

Old High German: werien

Middle High German: weren, wern

Cimbrian: bèaran

German: wehren

Luxembourgish: wieren

→ Vulgar Latin: *wariō

Old French: guarir (see there for further descendants)

Piedmontese: guarì, varì

Italian: guarire

Old Occitan: garir, guarir

desc

Old Catalan: guarir, garir, guayrir, gorir

Catalan: guarir

Occitan: garir

West Iberian

Old Galician-Portuguese: guarir

Galician: gorir, guarir

Old Spanish: guarir

Spanish: guarir

→ Vulgar Latin: *warantus

Old French: garant (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *warantire

Old French: guarantir (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *warantia

Old French: guarantie (see there for further descendants)


Audawakr

Audawakr (nominative singular)
Audawakr (accusative singular)
Audawakkrā (accusative plural)
Audawakkrō (genitive plural)
Audawakkrē (dative singular)
Audawakkru (instrumental singular)

Old English: Ēadwacer, *Ēadwaccor, *Ēadwacor

desctree

Old High German: Ōtacher, Otakar, Ōtachar, Aotakchar, Aotachar, Otacchar
Middle High German: Otakar, Ottokar
German: Otakar, Ottokar
→ Czech: Otakar

→ Latin: Ādovacrius, Ōdovacrius

From Proto-Germanic *Audawakraz. Equivalent to *aud (“wealth, riches”) + *wakr (“awake, watchful”).


skinkō

skinkō (nominative singular)
skinkan (nominative plural)
skinkan (accusative singular)
skinkan (accusative plural)
skinkini (genitive singular)
skinkan (genitive singular)
skinkanō (genitive plural)
skinkini (dative singular)
skinkan (dative singular)
skinkum (dative plural)
skinkini (instrumental singular)
skinkan (instrumental singular)
skinkum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *sċenc

Middle English: schench, shench

Old Frisian: *skinka (perhaps via Low German)

Saterland Frisian: Skinke

West Frisian: skinke

Old Saxon: skinka f

Middle Low German: schinke, schink

German Low German: Schinke, Schink

Plautdietsch: Schinkjen

→ Danish: skinke

→ English: skink

→ Icelandic: skinka

→ Norwegian Bokmål: skinke

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: skinke

→ Swedish: skinka

Old Dutch: *skinko

Middle Dutch: schinke

Dutch: schink

Limburgish: sjink

desctree

Old High German: scinco
Middle High German: schinke
German: Schinken (see there for further descendants)
Luxembourgish: Schank
Pennsylvania German: Schinke
→ Italian: stinco

From Proto-Germanic *skinkô, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keng- (“to limp; be inclined; aslant”).


ribi

ribi (nominative singular)
ribbju (nominative plural)
ribi (accusative singular)
ribbju (accusative plural)
ribbjas (genitive singular)
ribbjō (genitive plural)
ribbjē (dative singular)
ribbjum (dative plural)
ribbju (instrumental singular)
ribbjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ribb, rib

Middle English: ribbe, rib

Scots: rib

English: rib

Old Frisian: ribb, rebb, rib, reb

North Frisian: robb, rabb

Saterland Frisian: Ribbe

West Frisian: ribbe

Old Saxon: ribbi

Middle Low German: ribbe, rebbe

German Low German: Ribbe, Ribb

Low German: Ribbe

→ Danish: rib

→ Norwegian: ribbe

→ Swedish: ribba

Old Dutch: *ribbi

Middle Dutch: ribbe, rebbe

Dutch: ribbe, rib

Old High German: ribi, ribbi, rippi; ribba, rippa

Middle High German: ribbe, ribe, rippe

German: Rippe; Riebe (obsolete)

Luxembourgish: Rëpp

Vilamovian: rejw

Yiddish: ריפּ (rip)


gawirkijan

gawirkijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
gawirkijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
gawirkijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
gawirkijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
gawirkiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
gawirkidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
gawirkisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
gawirkidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
gawirkidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
gawirkiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
gawirkidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
gawirkidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
gawirkijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
gawirkidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
gawirkiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
gawirkidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
gawirkijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
gawirkidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
gawirkijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
gawirkidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
gawirkijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
gawirkidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
gawirkijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
gawirkidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
gawirkijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
gawirkidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
gawirkijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
gawirkidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
gawirkijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
gawirkidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
gawirki (class-1 present singular weak)
gawirkiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
gawirkijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
gawirkid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: ġewyrċan, ġewyrċean, ġewerċean
Middle English: iwurche

Old Saxon: giwirkian, giwirkjan

desc

Old High German: gawurchen, gawurchan, giwurchen


fundōn

fundōn (infinitive)
fundōnijas (genitive infinitive)
fundōnijē (dative infinitive)
fundōniju (infinitive instrumental)
fundō (first-person present singular)
fundōdā (first-person past singular)
fundōs (present second-person singular)
fundōdēs (past second-person singular)
fundōdōs (past second-person singular)
fundōþ (present singular third-person)
fundōdē (past singular third-person)
fundōdā (past singular third-person)
fundōm (first-person plural present)
fundōdum (first-person past plural)
fundōþ (plural present second-person)
fundōdud (past plural second-person)
fundōnþ (plural present third-person)
fundōdun (past plural third-person)
fundōdī (first-person past singular)
fundōdī (past second-person singular)
fundō (present singular third-person)
fundōdī (past singular third-person)
fundōdīm (first-person past plural)
fundōdīd (past plural second-person)
fundōn (plural present third-person)
fundōdīn (past plural third-person)
fundō (present singular)
fundōþ (plural present)
fundōndī (participle present)
fundōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: fundian
Middle English: fundien, founden

Old Saxon: fundōn

Old High German: *funtōn

⇒ Old High German: anafuntōn

From *fundī (“able to be found, findable”) + *-ōn.


halsijan

halsijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
halsijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
halsijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
halsijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
halsiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
halsidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
halsisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
halsidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
halsidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
halsiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
halsidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
halsidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
halsijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
halsidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
halsiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
halsidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
halsijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
halsidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
halsijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
halsidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
halsijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
halsidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
halsijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
halsidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
halsijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
halsidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
halsijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
halsidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
halsijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
halsidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
halsi (class-1 present singular weak)
halsiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
halsijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
halsid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: helsian

Middle Low German: helsen

Old Dutch: *helsen

Middle Dutch: helsen
Dutch: helzen

Old High German: helsen

Middle High German: helsen


hreuwōn

hreuwōn (infinitive)
hreuwōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hreuwōnijē (dative infinitive)
hreuwōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hreuwō (first-person present singular)
hreuwōdā (first-person past singular)
hreuwōs (present second-person singular)
hreuwōdēs (past second-person singular)
hreuwōdōs (past second-person singular)
hreuwōþ (present singular third-person)
hreuwōdē (past singular third-person)
hreuwōdā (past singular third-person)
hreuwōm (first-person plural present)
hreuwōdum (first-person past plural)
hreuwōþ (plural present second-person)
hreuwōdud (past plural second-person)
hreuwōnþ (plural present third-person)
hreuwōdun (past plural third-person)
hreuwōdī (first-person past singular)
hreuwōdī (past second-person singular)
hreuwō (present singular third-person)
hreuwōdī (past singular third-person)
hreuwōdīm (first-person past plural)
hreuwōdīd (past plural second-person)
hreuwōn (plural present third-person)
hreuwōdīn (past plural third-person)
hreuwō (present singular)
hreuwōþ (plural present)
hreuwōndī (participle present)
hreuwōd (participle past)

Old English: hrēowian

Old Frisian: *hriōwia

West Frisian: rouje

Old Saxon: hriuwōn, hreuwōn

Old Dutch: *hriuwon, *riuwon

⇒ Old Dutch: beriuwon

Old High German: hriuwōn, riuwōn

From *hreuwu (“regret; penance”) + *-ōn.


launōn

launōn (infinitive)
launōnijas (genitive infinitive)
launōnijē (dative infinitive)
launōniju (infinitive instrumental)
launō (first-person present singular)
launōdā (first-person past singular)
launōs (present second-person singular)
launōdēs (past second-person singular)
launōdōs (past second-person singular)
launōþ (present singular third-person)
launōdē (past singular third-person)
launōdā (past singular third-person)
launōm (first-person plural present)
launōdum (first-person past plural)
launōþ (plural present second-person)
launōdud (past plural second-person)
launōnþ (plural present third-person)
launōdun (past plural third-person)
launōdī (first-person past singular)
launōdī (past second-person singular)
launō (present singular third-person)
launōdī (past singular third-person)
launōdīm (first-person past plural)
launōdīd (past plural second-person)
launōn (plural present third-person)
launōdīn (past plural third-person)
launō (present singular)
launōþ (plural present)
launōndī (participle present)
launōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: lōnon

Middle Low German: lōnen

Low German: lohnen

Old Dutch: *lōnon

Middle Dutch: lônen

Dutch: lonen

Afrikaans: loon

Old High German: lōnōn

Middle High German: lōnen

German: lohnen


bidreugan

bidreugan (infinitive)
bidreugannjas (genitive infinitive)
bidreugannjē (dative infinitive)
bidreugannju (infinitive instrumental)
bidreugu (first-person present singular)
bidraug (first-person past singular)
bidriugiʀi (present second-person singular)
bidrugī (past second-person singular)
bidriugidi (present singular third-person)
bidraug (past singular third-person)
bidreugum (first-person plural present)
bidrugum (first-person past plural)
bidriugid (plural present second-person)
bidrugud (past plural second-person)
bidreugand (plural present third-person)
bidrugun (past plural third-person)
bidreugē (first-person present singular)
bidrugī (first-person past singular)
bidreugēs (present second-person singular)
bidreugē (present singular third-person)
bidrugī (past singular third-person)
bidreugēm (first-person plural present)
bidrugīm (first-person past plural)
bidreugēþ (plural present second-person)
bidrugīd (past plural second-person)
bidreugēn (plural present third-person)
bidrugīn (past plural third-person)
bidriug (present singular)
bidriugid (plural present)
bidreugandī (participle present)
bidrogan (participle past)

Old Frisian: bidriāga

Saterland Frisian: bedrjooge

West Frisian: bedrage

Old Saxon: bidriogan

Middle Low German: bedrêgen

Low German: bedregen

Plautdietsch: bedroagen

→ Danish: bedrage

→ Swedish: bedraga, bedra

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: bedrage

Norwegian Nynorsk: bedrage, bedraga

Old Dutch: bedriegan

Middle Dutch: bedriegen

Dutch: bedriegen

→ West Frisian: bedrige

Old High German: bitriogan

Middle High German: betriegen

German: betrügen


basōn

basōn (infinitive)
basōnijas (genitive infinitive)
basōnijē (dative infinitive)
basōniju (infinitive instrumental)
basō (first-person present singular)
basōdā (first-person past singular)
basōs (present second-person singular)
basōdēs (past second-person singular)
basōdōs (past second-person singular)
basōþ (present singular third-person)
basōdē (past singular third-person)
basōdā (past singular third-person)
basōm (first-person plural present)
basōdum (first-person past plural)
basōþ (plural present second-person)
basōdud (past plural second-person)
basōnþ (plural present third-person)
basōdun (past plural third-person)
basōdī (first-person past singular)
basōdī (past second-person singular)
basō (present singular third-person)
basōdī (past singular third-person)
basōdīm (first-person past plural)
basōdīd (past plural second-person)
basōn (plural present third-person)
basōdīn (past plural third-person)
basō (present singular)
basōþ (plural present)
basōndī (participle present)
basōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *bason

Middle Low German: basen

Old Dutch: *bason

Middle Dutch: basen

Dutch: bazen


bigrīpan

bigrīpan (infinitive)
bigrīpannjas (genitive infinitive)
bigrīpannjē (dative infinitive)
bigrīpannju (infinitive instrumental)
bigrīpu (first-person present singular)
bigraip (first-person past singular)
bigrīpiʀi (present second-person singular)
bigripī (past second-person singular)
bigrīpidi (present singular third-person)
bigraip (past singular third-person)
bigrīpum (first-person plural present)
bigripum (first-person past plural)
bigrīpid (plural present second-person)
bigripud (past plural second-person)
bigrīpand (plural present third-person)
bigripun (past plural third-person)
bigrīpē (first-person present singular)
bigripī (first-person past singular)
bigrīpēs (present second-person singular)
bigrīpē (present singular third-person)
bigripī (past singular third-person)
bigrīpēm (first-person plural present)
bigripīm (first-person past plural)
bigrīpēþ (plural present second-person)
bigripīd (past plural second-person)
bigrīpēn (plural present third-person)
bigripīn (past plural third-person)
bigrīp (present singular)
bigrīpid (plural present)
bigrīpandī (participle present)
bigripan (participle past)

Old English: begrīpan

Middle English: bigripen, begripen

English: begripe, begrip

Old Frisian: bigrīpa

West Frisian: begripe

Old Saxon: bigrīpan

Middle Low German: begripen

→ Danish: begribe

→ Swedish: begripa

Old Dutch: bigrīpan

Middle Dutch: begripen

desctree

Dutch: begrijpen
Afrikaans: begryp
→ Sranan Tongo: bekrèip
→ Caribbean Javanese: bekhrèip

Old High German: bigrīfan

Middle High German: begrifen

German: begreifen


waʀōn

waʀōn (infinitive)
waʀōnijas (genitive infinitive)
waʀōnijē (dative infinitive)
waʀōniju (infinitive instrumental)
waʀō (first-person present singular)
waʀōdā (first-person past singular)
waʀōs (present second-person singular)
waʀōdēs (past second-person singular)
waʀōdōs (past second-person singular)
waʀōþ (present singular third-person)
waʀōdē (past singular third-person)
waʀōdā (past singular third-person)
waʀōm (first-person plural present)
waʀōdum (first-person past plural)
waʀōþ (plural present second-person)
waʀōdud (past plural second-person)
waʀōnþ (plural present third-person)
waʀōdun (past plural third-person)
waʀōdī (first-person past singular)
waʀōdī (past second-person singular)
waʀō (present singular third-person)
waʀōdī (past singular third-person)
waʀōdīm (first-person past plural)
waʀōdīd (past plural second-person)
waʀōn (plural present third-person)
waʀōdīn (past plural third-person)
waʀō (present singular)
waʀōþ (plural present)
waʀōndī (participle present)
waʀōd (participle past)

Old English: warian

Old Saxon: warōn

Middle Low German: wāren

German Low German: wohren

Old Dutch: *waron

Middle Dutch: waren

⇒ Old Dutch: giwaron

Old High German: warōn

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to dwell, remain”).


weʀēn

weʀēn (infinitive)
weʀēnijas (genitive infinitive)
weʀēnijē (dative infinitive)
weʀēniju (infinitive instrumental)
weʀē (first-person present singular)
weʀ?dā (first-person past singular)
weʀēs (present second-person singular)
weʀ?dēs (past second-person singular)
weʀēþ (present singular third-person)
weʀ?dē (past singular third-person)
weʀ?dā (past singular third-person)
weʀēm (first-person plural present)
weʀ?dum (first-person past plural)
weʀēþ (plural present second-person)
weʀ?dud (past plural second-person)
weʀēnþ (plural present third-person)
weʀ?dun (past plural third-person)
weʀ?dī (first-person past singular)
weʀ?dī (past second-person singular)
weʀē (present singular third-person)
weʀ?dī (past singular third-person)
weʀ?dīm (first-person past plural)
weʀ?dīd (past plural second-person)
weʀēn (plural present third-person)
weʀ?dīn (past plural third-person)
weʀē (present singular)
weʀēþ (plural present)
weʀēndī (participle present)
weʀ?d (participle past)

desctree

Old English: werian
Middle English: weren

Old Saxon: werōn
Middle Low German: wēren
German Low German: währen

Old Dutch: weron
Middle Dutch: weren
Dutch: weren (obsolete)

Old High German: werēn

Middle High German: wëren

German: währen


wurtiju

wurtiju (nominative singular)
wurtijō (nominative plural)
wurtijā (accusative singular)
wurtijā (accusative plural)
wurtijā (genitive singular)
wurtijō (genitive plural)
wurtijē (dative singular)
wurtijōm (dative plural)
wurtijum (dative plural)
wurtiju (instrumental singular)
wurtijōm (instrumental plural)
wurtijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wyrt (merged with descendant of *wurti)

desc

Middle English: worte, wortte, woort, wort

English: wort

Scots: wirt

⇒ Old English: māxwyrt

⇒ Old English: mealtwyrt

Old Saxon: wurtia

Middle Low German: wurte, worte

Old Dutch: *wurta

Middle Dutch: worte, wort

Dutch: wort

Old High German: wurza

Middle High German: wurze, würze

German: Würze

From *wurtijan (“to season, spice”) + *-u.


spōk

Old Frisian: spōk

North Frisian: Spook

Saterland Frisian: Spouk

West Frisian: spoek

Old Saxon: *spōk

Middle Low German: spôk

German Low German: Spöök

→ German: Spuk, Spökes

→ Old Danish: spøg

Danish: spøg

→ Faroese: spók

→ Norwegian: spjok

→ Swedish: spöke

Old Dutch: *spōk

Middle Dutch: spoke, spooce

Dutch: spook

→ English: spook

Unknown. According to Klein, from a Proto-Indo-European source shared with Latvian spīgana (“dragon, witch”), Lithuanian spingėti (“to shine”), Old Prussian spanxti (“spark”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pāuǵ-, *(s)pāug- (“to shine, spark; brilliance, spectre”), though the vowels make this less plausible. It could otherwise have been borrowed from a substrate language in the area where Low German/Dutch was spoken. Compare *pūkō.


lōgēn

lōgēn (infinitive)
lōgēnijas (genitive infinitive)
lōgēnijē (dative infinitive)
lōgēniju (infinitive instrumental)
lōgē (first-person present singular)
lōg?dā (first-person past singular)
lōgēs (present second-person singular)
lōg?dēs (past second-person singular)
lōgēþ (present singular third-person)
lōg?dē (past singular third-person)
lōg?dā (past singular third-person)
lōgēm (first-person plural present)
lōg?dum (first-person past plural)
lōgēþ (plural present second-person)
lōg?dud (past plural second-person)
lōgēnþ (plural present third-person)
lōg?dun (past plural third-person)
lōg?dī (first-person past singular)
lōg?dī (past second-person singular)
lōgē (present singular third-person)
lōg?dī (past singular third-person)
lōg?dīm (first-person past plural)
lōg?dīd (past plural second-person)
lōgēn (plural present third-person)
lōg?dīn (past plural third-person)
lōgē (present singular)
lōgēþ (plural present)
lōgēndī (participle present)
lōg?d (participle past)

Old Saxon: *lōgōn

Middle Low German: lōgen, lůgen

Old High German: luogēn

Middle High German: luogen

Alemannic German: luege

Cimbrian: luugan

German: lugen


skankijō

skankijō (nominative singular)
skankijan (nominative plural)
skankijan (accusative singular)
skankijan (accusative plural)
skankijini (genitive singular)
skankijan (genitive singular)
skankijanō (genitive plural)
skankijini (dative singular)
skankijan (dative singular)
skankijum (dative plural)
skankijini (instrumental singular)
skankijan (instrumental singular)
skankijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sċenċ (“a draught; cup; beaker”).

Middle English: schenche (“drink, cup; cup-bearer”)

Old Frisian: skanze, skenze, *skanke (“a canteen; jug; tankard”)

Saterland Frisian: Schoanke, Skoanke

Old Saxon: skenkio

Middle Low German: scenke, schenke

Old Dutch: *skenco

Middle Dutch: schenke, schinke

Old High German: scenco, scencho

Middle High German: schenke

German: Schenk

⇒ Middle High German: geschenke

Cimbrian: gasénkh

German: Geschenk
→ Silesian: gyszynk

Luxembourgish: Geschenk

→ Old French: eschançon, eschanson, eschançun (see there for further descendants)

From *skankijan (“to pour (a drink)”) + *-jō.


aliþiudīg

aliþiudīg (masculine nominative singular)
aliþiudīgu (feminine nominative singular)
aliþiudīg (neuter nominative singular)
aliþiudīganā (accusative masculine singular)
aliþiudīgā (accusative feminine singular)
aliþiudīg (accusative neuter singular)
aliþiudīgas (genitive masculine singular)
aliþiudīgeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
aliþiudīgas (genitive neuter singular)
aliþiudīgumē (dative masculine singular)
aliþiudīgeʀē (dative feminine singular)
aliþiudīgumē (dative neuter singular)
aliþiudīgu (instrumental masculine singular)
aliþiudīgeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
aliþiudīgu (instrumental neuter singular)
aliþiudīgē (masculine nominative plural)
aliþiudīgō (feminine nominative plural)
aliþiudīgu (neuter nominative plural)
aliþiudīgā (accusative masculine plural)
aliþiudīgā (accusative feminine plural)
aliþiudīgu (accusative neuter plural)
aliþiudīgeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
aliþiudīgeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
aliþiudīgeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
aliþiudīgēm (dative masculine plural)
aliþiudīgum (dative masculine plural)
aliþiudīgēm (dative feminine plural)
aliþiudīgum (dative feminine plural)
aliþiudīgēm (dative neuter plural)
aliþiudīgum (dative neuter plural)
aliþiudīgēm (instrumental masculine plural)
aliþiudīgum (instrumental masculine plural)
aliþiudīgēm (feminine instrumental plural)
aliþiudīgum (feminine instrumental plural)
aliþiudīgēm (instrumental neuter plural)
aliþiudīgum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: elþīediġ, elþēodiġ

Old Saxon: elithiodig

Old High German: elidiutīg, elidiotīg

From *aliþeudu + *-g. For the first element, see *alljas (“otherwise, else”).


spōlijan

spōlijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
spōlijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
spōlijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
spōlijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
spōliju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
spōlidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
spōlisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
spōlidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spōlidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spōliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
spōlidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spōlidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spōlijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
spōlidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
spōliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
spōlidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
spōlijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
spōlidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
spōlijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
spōlidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
spōlijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
spōlidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spōlijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
spōlidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spōlijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
spōlidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
spōlijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
spōlidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
spōlijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
spōlidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
spōli (class-1 present singular weak)
spōliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
spōlijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
spōlid (class-1 participle past weak)

>? Old English: *spȳlian (for *spēlan ?)

⇒ Old English: āspȳlian

Old Frisian: *spēla

Saterland Frisian: späile

West Frisian: spiele

Old Saxon: *spōlian

Middle Low German: spôlen, spoelen, spö̂len

German Low German:

Altmärkisch, Westphalian (Bentheimisch, Westmünsterländisch): spöölen

Ostfriesisch: spölen

Westphalian:

Dortmundisch: spaẹ̆len

Sauerländisch (Brilon, Elpe, Schmallenberg, Drolshagen, Elspe, Kirchhundem, Selbecke), East Westphalian (Lippe): spoilen

Sauerländisch: spailen (Kurköln), spauelen (Niedersfeld), spülen (Wenden)

→ Danish: spule

→ Norwegian: spyle

→ Swedish: spola

Old Dutch: *spuolen

Middle Dutch: spoelen

Dutch: spoelen

Limburgish: spöle, sjpeule

Old High German: *spuolen (attested in irspuolen)

Middle High German: spüelen

Central Franconian: spöle, spele, spiele

Hunsrik: spiele

Luxembourgish: spullen

German: spülen

Unknown; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pleh₃- (“to swim, flow”); or possibly from a lost Proto-Germanic verb *spalaną (“to flow, wash”).
Alternatively, perhaps derived from or related to Proto-West Germanic *spōwijan (“to spray, squirt, flush”) and/or Proto-West Germanic *spūjōn (“to spew, spurt”).


kurnil

kurnil (nominative singular)
kurnilō (nominative plural)
kurnilōs (nominative plural)
kurnil (accusative singular)
kurnilā (accusative plural)
kurnilas (genitive singular)
kurnilō (genitive plural)
kurnilē (dative singular)
kurnilum (dative plural)
kurnilu (instrumental singular)
kurnilum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: cyrnel, cyrnl, cirnel
Middle English: kernel, cernel, curnel, kernell, kirnel, karnel, kurnel, kurnele, kyrnel, kyrnell, cornel
English: kernel
→ Japanese: カーネル (kāneru)
Scots: kirnel; churnel

Old Frisian: kernel

Saterland Frisian: Koarel

Old Saxon: *kurnil

Middle Low German: kornelle

German Low German: Körrel

Old Dutch: *kurnil

desc

Middle Dutch: carnel, kernel, carneel, kerneel

Dutch: kernel (dialectal)

⇒ Middle Dutch: carnelekijn, carnellekijn


biþakkjan

biþakkjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
biþakkjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
biþakkjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
biþakkjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
biþakkju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
biþakidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
biþakisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
biþakidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
biþakidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
biþakiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
biþakidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
biþakidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
biþakkjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
biþakidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
biþakiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
biþakidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
biþakkjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
biþakidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
biþakkjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
biþakidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
biþakkjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
biþakidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
biþakkjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
biþakidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
biþakkjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
biþakidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
biþakkjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
biþakidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
biþakkjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
biþakidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
biþaki (class-1 present singular weak)
biþakiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
biþakkjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
biþakid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: beþeċċan, biþeċċan
Middle English: biþecchen, bithecchen
English: bethatch, (obsolete) bithecche

Old Frisian: *bithekka

Saterland Frisian: bedäkke

West Frisian: bedekke

Old Saxon: *bithekkian

Middle Low German: bedecken

German Low German: bedecken

→ Swedish: betäcka

→ Gutnish: bitäkke, betäkke

Old Dutch: *bithekken

Middle Dutch: bedecken
Dutch: bedekken
Limburgish: bedèkke

desc

Old High German: bithecken, bidekken, bidecken

Middle High German: bedecken

German: bedecken


gahlaibō

gahhlaibō (nominative singular)
gahhlaiban (nominative plural)
gahhlaiban (accusative singular)
gahhlaiban (accusative plural)
gahhlaibini (genitive singular)
gahhlaiban (genitive singular)
gahhlaibanō (genitive plural)
gahhlaibini (dative singular)
gahhlaiban (dative singular)
gahhlaibum (dative plural)
gahhlaibini (instrumental singular)
gahhlaiban (instrumental singular)
gahhlaibum (instrumental plural)

Old High German: *galaiba, kaleibo, galeipo (dative)

→ Late Latin: compāniō (calque) (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Germanic *gahlaibô (“messmate, comrade, companion”).


pāl

pāl (nominative singular)
pālō (nominative plural)
pālōs (nominative plural)
pāl (accusative singular)
pālā (accusative plural)
pālas (genitive singular)
pālō (genitive plural)
pālē (dative singular)
pālum (dative plural)
pālu (instrumental singular)
pālum (instrumental plural)
*pāli (alternative)

desctree

Old English: pāl
Middle English: pole, pol, poll, pall, paal
English: pole
Scots: pale, pall
Yola: pulmere

Old Frisian: pāl
North Frisian: pul
West Frisian: peal, poal

Old Saxon: pāl

Middle Low German: pâl

German Low German: Pahl

Old Dutch: pāl

Middle Dutch: pale, pael

Dutch: paal

Old High German: pfāl, phāl
Middle High German: phāl, pfāl
German: Pfahl
Luxembourgish: Poul
Vilamovian: föł


stoppōn

stoppōn (infinitive)
stoppōnijas (genitive infinitive)
stoppōnijē (dative infinitive)
stoppōniju (infinitive instrumental)
stoppō (first-person present singular)
stoppōdā (first-person past singular)
stoppōs (present second-person singular)
stoppōdēs (past second-person singular)
stoppōdōs (past second-person singular)
stoppōþ (present singular third-person)
stoppōdē (past singular third-person)
stoppōdā (past singular third-person)
stoppōm (first-person plural present)
stoppōdum (first-person past plural)
stoppōþ (plural present second-person)
stoppōdud (past plural second-person)
stoppōnþ (plural present third-person)
stoppōdun (past plural third-person)
stoppōdī (first-person past singular)
stoppōdī (past second-person singular)
stoppō (present singular third-person)
stoppōdī (past singular third-person)
stoppōdīm (first-person past plural)
stoppōdīd (past plural second-person)
stoppōn (plural present third-person)
stoppōdīn (past plural third-person)
stoppō (present singular)
stoppōþ (plural present)
stoppōndī (participle present)
stoppōd (participle past)

Old English: stoppian
Middle English: stoppen, stoppien
English: stop (see there for further descendants)
Scots: stop, stap

Old Frisian: stoppia

Saterland Frisian: stopje

West Frisian: stopje

Old Saxon: *stoppōn

Middle Low German: stoppen

Low German: stoppen

→ German: stoppen

→ Old Norse: stoppa

Icelandic: stoppa

Faroese: stappa ?

Norwegian Bokmål: stoppe

Norwegian Nynorsk: stoppa, stoppe

Swedish: stoppa

Danish: stoppe

Old Dutch: *stoppon

Middle Dutch: stoppen

Dutch: stoppen
Afrikaans: stop
Berbice Creole Dutch: stupu
Negerhollands: stop, top
→ Caribbean Javanese: setop
→ Indonesian: setop
→ Papiamentu: stòp, stop

Old High German: stoffōn, stoppōn, stophōn
Middle High German: stopfen, stophen
German: stopfen
Hunsrik: stoppe
Luxembourgish: stoppen
→ Old French: estoffer, estofer
Middle French: estoffer
French: étoffer
→ Middle Dutch: stoffēren
Dutch: stofferen
→ Middle Low German: staffēren
→ German: staffieren
→ Middle English: stuffen
English: stuff
→ French: stoff
Scots: stuff

→? Medieval Latin: stuppō (see there for further descendants)

Unknown; According to Barnhart probably from Proto-Germanic *stuppōną (“to stop, close”), *stuppijaną (“to push, pierce, prick”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp-, *(s)tewb- (“to push; stick”), from *(s)tew- (“to bump; impact; butt; push; beat; strike; hit”). Alternatively, suggested to be borrowed from Latin stuppō (“to stop up, block, plug”), if not the other direction, but according to Century Dictionary, this is "on grounds of meaning somewhat doubtful". Alternatively, related to Proto-Germanic *stubbaz (“stump, stub”). See also Proto-Germanic *tappô.


analaidijan

analaidijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
analaidijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
analaidijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
analaidijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
analaidiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
analaididā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
analaidisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
analaididēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
analaididōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
analaidiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
analaididē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
analaididā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
analaidijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
analaididum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
analaidiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
analaididud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
analaidijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
analaididun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
analaidijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
analaididī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
analaidijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
analaididī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
analaidijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
analaididī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
analaidijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
analaididīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
analaidijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
analaididīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
analaidijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
analaididīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
analaidi (class-1 present singular weak)
analaidiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
analaidijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
analaidid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: onlǣdan, anlǣdan

Old Frisian: onlēda

West Frisian: oanliede

Old Saxon: *analēdian

Middle Low German: anelêden, aneleiden

German Low German: anleden

Old Dutch: *analeiden

Middle Dutch: āenleiden

Dutch: aanleiden

⇒ Middle Dutch: āenleidinge

Dutch: aanleiding

Old High German: analeiten

Middle High German: aneleiten

German: anleiten

From *ana- (“on-”) + *laidijan (“lead”).


godawabbjīn

godawabbjīn (masculine nominative singular)
godawabbjīnu (feminine nominative singular)
godawabbjīn (neuter nominative singular)
godawabbjīnanā (accusative masculine singular)
godawabbjīnā (accusative feminine singular)
godawabbjīn (accusative neuter singular)
godawabbjīnas (genitive masculine singular)
godawabbjīneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
godawabbjīnas (genitive neuter singular)
godawabbjīnumē (dative masculine singular)
godawabbjīneʀē (dative feminine singular)
godawabbjīnumē (dative neuter singular)
godawabbjīnu (instrumental masculine singular)
godawabbjīneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
godawabbjīnu (instrumental neuter singular)
godawabbjīnē (masculine nominative plural)
godawabbjīnō (feminine nominative plural)
godawabbjīnu (neuter nominative plural)
godawabbjīnā (accusative masculine plural)
godawabbjīnā (accusative feminine plural)
godawabbjīnu (accusative neuter plural)
godawabbjīneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
godawabbjīneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
godawabbjīneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
godawabbjīnēm (dative masculine plural)
godawabbjīnum (dative masculine plural)
godawabbjīnēm (dative feminine plural)
godawabbjīnum (dative feminine plural)
godawabbjīnēm (dative neuter plural)
godawabbjīnum (dative neuter plural)
godawabbjīnēm (instrumental masculine plural)
godawabbjīnum (instrumental masculine plural)
godawabbjīnēm (feminine instrumental plural)
godawabbjīnum (feminine instrumental plural)
godawabbjīnēm (instrumental neuter plural)
godawabbjīnum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: godwebben

Old High German: gotaweppin

From *godawabi (“precious garment”) + *-īn.


blīþisōn

blīþisōn (infinitive)
blīþisōnijas (genitive infinitive)
blīþisōnijē (dative infinitive)
blīþisōniju (infinitive instrumental)
blīþisō (first-person present singular)
blīþisōdā (first-person past singular)
blīþisōs (present second-person singular)
blīþisōdēs (past second-person singular)
blīþisōdōs (past second-person singular)
blīþisōþ (present singular third-person)
blīþisōdē (past singular third-person)
blīþisōdā (past singular third-person)
blīþisōm (first-person plural present)
blīþisōdum (first-person past plural)
blīþisōþ (plural present second-person)
blīþisōdud (past plural second-person)
blīþisōnþ (plural present third-person)
blīþisōdun (past plural third-person)
blīþisōdī (first-person past singular)
blīþisōdī (past second-person singular)
blīþisō (present singular third-person)
blīþisōdī (past singular third-person)
blīþisōdīm (first-person past plural)
blīþisōdīd (past plural second-person)
blīþisōn (plural present third-person)
blīþisōdīn (past plural third-person)
blīþisō (present singular)
blīþisōþ (plural present)
blīþisōndī (participle present)
blīþisōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: blissian, blyssian, blissigan, blissiġean
Middle English: blissen, bliscen, bliscien, blissien, blissin, blissy, blissenn (Ormulum)


mīn

mīn (masculine nominative singular)
mīnu (feminine nominative singular)
mīn (neuter nominative singular)
mīnanā (accusative masculine singular)
mīnā (accusative feminine singular)
mīn (accusative neuter singular)
mīnas (genitive masculine singular)
mīneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
mīnas (genitive neuter singular)
mīnumē (dative masculine singular)
mīneʀē (dative feminine singular)
mīnumē (dative neuter singular)
mīnu (instrumental masculine singular)
mīneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
mīnu (instrumental neuter singular)
mīnē (masculine nominative plural)
mīnō (feminine nominative plural)
mīnu (neuter nominative plural)
mīnā (accusative masculine plural)
mīnā (accusative feminine plural)
mīnu (accusative neuter plural)
mīneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
mīneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
mīneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
mīnēm (dative masculine plural)
mīnum (dative masculine plural)
mīnēm (dative feminine plural)
mīnum (dative feminine plural)
mīnēm (dative neuter plural)
mīnum (dative neuter plural)
mīnēm (instrumental masculine plural)
mīnum (instrumental masculine plural)
mīnēm (feminine instrumental plural)
mīnum (feminine instrumental plural)
mīnēm (instrumental neuter plural)
mīnum (instrumental neuter plural)
ik (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
þū (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
mik (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
þik (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sik (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
miʀ (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
þiʀ (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sik (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mīn (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
þīn (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
sīn (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
wit (dual first-person nominative personal pronoun)
jit (dual nominative personal pronoun second-person)
unk (accusative dual first-person personal pronoun)
inkw (accusative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sik (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
unk (dative dual first-person personal pronoun)
inkw (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sik (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
unkar (dual first-person personal possessive pronoun)
inkwar (dual personal possessive pronoun second-person)
sīn (dual personal possessive pronoun reflexive)
wiʀ (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
jiʀ (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
uns (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
iwwi (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sik (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
uns (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
iwwi (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sik (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
unsar (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
iuwar (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
sīn (personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive)

Old English: mīn

Middle English: min

English: mine

Scots: mine

⇒ Middle English: mi, me, mie, my (apocopated)
English: my
Geordie English: my, maw
Scots: my, ma, me
Yola: mee

Old Frisian: mīn

North Frisian: man

Saterland Frisian: min, mien

West Frisian: myn

Old Saxon: mīn
Middle Low German: mīn
German Low German: mien

Old Dutch: mīn
Middle Dutch: mijn
Dutch: mijn
Limburgish: mien

Old High German: mīn
Middle High German: mīn
Alemannic German: miin, myn
Bavarian: mei
Cimbrian: main, moi (Luserna)
Hunsrik: mein
Luxembourgish: mäin
German: mein
Vilamovian: maj
Yiddish: מײַן (mayn)