mīgan

mīgan (infinitive)
mīgannjas (genitive infinitive)
mīgannjē (dative infinitive)
mīgannju (infinitive instrumental)
mīgu (first-person present singular)
maig (first-person past singular)
mīgiʀi (present second-person singular)
migī (past second-person singular)
mīgidi (present singular third-person)
maig (past singular third-person)
mīgum (first-person plural present)
migum (first-person past plural)
mīgid (plural present second-person)
migud (past plural second-person)
mīgand (plural present third-person)
migun (past plural third-person)
mīgē (first-person present singular)
migī (first-person past singular)
mīgēs (present second-person singular)
mīgē (present singular third-person)
migī (past singular third-person)
mīgēm (first-person plural present)
migīm (first-person past plural)
mīgēþ (plural present second-person)
migīd (past plural second-person)
mīgēn (plural present third-person)
migīn (past plural third-person)
mīg (present singular)
mīgid (plural present)
mīgandī (participle present)
migan (participle past)

Old English: mīgan

Middle English: mīȝen

Old Frisian: *mīga

Saterland Frisian: miege

West Frisian: mige

Old Saxon: *mīgan

Middle Low German: mîgen

Low German: miegen

→ Dutch: miegen

Old Dutch: *mīgan
Middle Dutch: migen


mihstu

mihstu (nominative singular)
mihstiwi (nominative plural)
mihstō (nominative plural)
mihstu (accusative singular)
mihstū (accusative plural)
mihstō (genitive singular)
mihstiwō (genitive plural)
mihstiwi (dative singular)
mihstō (dative singular)
mihstum (dative plural)
mihstu (instrumental singular)
mihstum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: mist

Middle Low German: mist, mest

German Low German: Mess

Old Dutch: *mist

Middle Dutch: mest

Dutch: mest

Old High German: mist

Middle High German: mist

German: Mist

Luxembourgish: Mëscht

From Proto-Germanic *mihstuz. Equivalent to *mīgan (“to urinate”) + *-þu.


slaihā

slaihā (nominative singular)
slaihōn (nominative plural)
slaihōn (accusative singular)
slaihōn (accusative plural)
slaihōn (genitive singular)
slaihōnō (genitive plural)
slaihōn (dative singular)
slaihōm (dative plural)
slaihum (dative plural)
slaihōn (instrumental singular)
slaihōm (instrumental plural)
slaihum (instrumental plural)

Old English: slā

desctree

Middle English: slo, sla, sloo
English: sloe
Scots: slae

Middle Low German: slē

Middle Dutch: sleeu

Dutch: slee, (dialectal) sleeuw

Old High German: slēha, slēwа

German: Schlehe


faih

faih (masculine nominative singular)
faihu (feminine nominative singular)
faih (neuter nominative singular)
faihanā (accusative masculine singular)
faihā (accusative feminine singular)
faih (accusative neuter singular)
faihas (genitive masculine singular)
faiheʀā (feminine genitive singular)
faihas (genitive neuter singular)
faihumē (dative masculine singular)
faiheʀē (dative feminine singular)
faihumē (dative neuter singular)
faihu (instrumental masculine singular)
faiheʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
faihu (instrumental neuter singular)
faihē (masculine nominative plural)
faihō (feminine nominative plural)
faihu (neuter nominative plural)
faihā (accusative masculine plural)
faihā (accusative feminine plural)
faihu (accusative neuter plural)
faiheʀō (genitive masculine plural)
faiheʀō (feminine genitive plural)
faiheʀō (genitive neuter plural)
faihēm (dative masculine plural)
faihum (dative masculine plural)
faihēm (dative feminine plural)
faihum (dative feminine plural)
faihēm (dative neuter plural)
faihum (dative neuter plural)
faihēm (instrumental masculine plural)
faihum (instrumental masculine plural)
faihēm (feminine instrumental plural)
faihum (feminine instrumental plural)
faihēm (instrumental neuter plural)
faihum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: fāh, fāg

desc

Middle English: fou, fāh, fow, foȝ, fawe

Scots: faw

Old Saxon: fēh

Middle Low German: *vê (in compound vêwerk, veewerk)

Old High German: fēh

Middle High German: vēch, vēhe, vē

German: Feh; (obsolete) fech, feh

From Proto-Germanic *faihaz (“coloured”).


faih

Old English: fāh

Middle English: fo

English: foe

Old Frisian: fāch

Old Dutch: *fēh, *gifēh

Middle Dutch: vêe, gevêe

Old High German: gifēh

Middle High German: gevēch, gevē

From Proto-Germanic *faihaz (“hostile”).


knokō

knokō (nominative singular)
knokan (nominative plural)
knokan (accusative singular)
knokan (accusative plural)
knukini (genitive singular)
knokan (genitive singular)
knokanō (genitive plural)
knukini (dative singular)
knokan (dative singular)
knokum (dative plural)
knukini (instrumental singular)
knokan (instrumental singular)
knokum (instrumental plural)
*knokā (alternative)

Old Frisian: *knuko, *knoko

North Frisian: knook, knooke, knaake, knååke

Saterland Frisian: Knoke

Old Saxon: *knuko

Middle Low German: *knocke

Low German: Knaak, Knaken

Plautdietsch: Knoaken

→ Norwegian: knoke

Old Dutch: *knuko

Middle Dutch: cnoke

Dutch: knook

Afrikaans: knok

desctree

Old High German: knohha
Middle High German: knoche
Alemannic German: Chnoche
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Knoche
Kölsch: Knoche
Luxembourgish: Knachen
German: Knochen
→ Emilian: gnôc, gnòc
→ Italian: nocca
→ Venetan: gnoco
→ Italian: gnocco


kuningadōm

kuningadōm (nominative singular)
kuningadōmō (nominative plural)
kuningadōmōs (nominative plural)
kuningadōm (accusative singular)
kuningadōmā (accusative plural)
kuningadōmas (genitive singular)
kuningadōmō (genitive plural)
kuningadōmē (dative singular)
kuningadōmum (dative plural)
kuningadōmu (instrumental singular)
kuningadōmum (instrumental plural)

Old English: cyningdōm

Middle English: kyngdom, kingdom

Scots: kingdom

English: kingdom

Old Frisian: *keningdōm, *kiningdōm

West Frisian: keuningdom

Old Saxon: kuningdōm

Old Dutch: *kuningduom

Middle Dutch: koninghdom

Dutch: koningdom

Old High German: kuningtuom

Middle High German: künictuom

German: Königtum

From Proto-Germanic *kuningadōmaz. Equivalent to *kuning + *-dōm.


worpōn

worpōn (infinitive)
worpōnijas (genitive infinitive)
worpōnijē (dative infinitive)
worpōniju (infinitive instrumental)
worpō (first-person present singular)
worpōdā (first-person past singular)
worpōs (present second-person singular)
worpōdēs (past second-person singular)
worpōdōs (past second-person singular)
worpōþ (present singular third-person)
worpōdē (past singular third-person)
worpōdā (past singular third-person)
worpōm (first-person plural present)
worpōdum (first-person past plural)
worpōþ (plural present second-person)
worpōdud (past plural second-person)
worpōnþ (plural present third-person)
worpōdun (past plural third-person)
worpōdī (first-person past singular)
worpōdī (past second-person singular)
worpō (present singular third-person)
worpōdī (past singular third-person)
worpōdīm (first-person past plural)
worpōdīd (past plural second-person)
worpōn (plural present third-person)
worpōdīn (past plural third-person)
worpō (present singular)
worpōþ (plural present)
worpōndī (participle present)
worpōd (participle past)

Old English: worpian

Old Saxon: *worpōn

Middle Low German: worpen

⇒ Middle Low German: rincworpen

Old High German: worfōn

Middle High German: worfen

Cimbrian: bòrfan

From Proto-Germanic *wurpōną, from Proto-Indo-European *werb- (“to turn, bend”).


knukil

knukil (nominative singular)
knukilō (nominative plural)
knukilōs (nominative plural)
knukil (accusative singular)
knukilā (accusative plural)
knukilas (genitive singular)
knukilō (genitive plural)
knukilē (dative singular)
knukilum (dative plural)
knukilu (instrumental singular)
knukilum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: cnucel, cnyċel, *cnocel
Middle English: knokel, knokelle, knokill, knokyl, knokylle
English: knuckle
Scots: knockle
Yola: noughel

Old Frisian: knokel

Saterland Frisian: Knouel

West Frisian: knokkel

Old Saxon: *knukil

Middle Low German: knö̂kel, knuckel
Dutch Low Saxon:
Twents: knökel
German Low German:
Altmärkisch: Knäöw'l
Westphalian:
Dortmunder: Knüakel
Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Knökel
Sauerländisch: Knüekel, Knöekel (Balve), Knǖkel (Niedersfeld), Knüökel (Attendorn), Kniäkel (Kirchhundem, Selbecke)
→ Danish: knogle

Old Dutch: *knukil

Middle Dutch: cnôkel, cnockel

Dutch: knokkel, kneukel

Afrikaans: kneukel

West Flemish: knekel

Old High German: *knuchil

Middle High German: knöchel

German: Knöchel (ankle, knuckle)

Hunsrik: Knechel

Luxembourgish: Knéchel

Yiddish: קנעכל (knekhl)

From Proto-Germanic *knukilaz. Equivalent to *knokō + *-il.


hupibain

hupibain (nominative singular)
hupibainu (nominative plural)
hupibain (accusative singular)
hupibainu (accusative plural)
hupibainas (genitive singular)
hupibainō (genitive plural)
hupibainē (dative singular)
hupibainum (dative plural)
hupibainu (instrumental singular)
hupibainum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hypebān

Middle English: hepebone

English: hipbone

Old Frisian: *hupebēn

West Frisian: heupbonke, heupebonke

Old Saxon: *hupbēn

Middle Low German:

German Low German:

Westmünsterländisch: Hoowbeen

Old Dutch: *hupbēn

Middle Dutch:

Dutch: heupbeen

Old High German: hufbein


skuldrublad

skuldrublad (nominative singular)
skuldrubladu (nominative plural)
skuldrublad (accusative singular)
skuldrubladu (accusative plural)
skuldrubladas (genitive singular)
skuldrubladō (genitive plural)
skuldrubladē (dative singular)
skuldrubladum (dative plural)
skuldrubladu (instrumental singular)
skuldrubladum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *sċuldorblæd

Middle English: schuldre blad, schulder blade, schulder-blade, schuldre blade, shudre-blade, shulderblad, shulder-blade
English: shoulderblade

Old Frisian: *skulderbled

West Frisian: skouderblêd

Old Saxon: *skuldarblad

Middle Low German: schulderblat

German Low German:

Westmünsterländisch: Schulderbladd

→ Danish: skulderblad

→ Norwegian: skulderblad

→ Swedish: skulderblad

Old Dutch: *skulderblat

desc

Middle Dutch: schouderblat, scouderblat, scolderblat

desctree

Dutch: schouderblad
Afrikaans: skouerblad

Old High German: *scultarblat

Middle High German: schulterblat

German: Schulterblatt

From *skuldru (“shoulder”) + *blad (“blade”).


breustabain

breustabain (nominative singular)
breustabainu (nominative plural)
breustabain (accusative singular)
breustabainu (accusative plural)
breustabainas (genitive singular)
breustabainō (genitive plural)
breustabainē (dative singular)
breustabainum (dative plural)
breustabainu (instrumental singular)
breustabainum (instrumental plural)

Old English: brēostbān

desc

Middle English: brestbon, brust-bon, breoste-bon,

English: breastbone

Old Frisian: brustben, burstben

Saterland Frisian: brustben

West Frisian: boarstbien, boarstbonke

Old Dutch:

Middle Dutch: borstbeen

Dutch: borstbeen

Old High German: brustbein

Middle High German:

German: Brustbein

From Proto-Germanic *breustabainą. Equivalent to *breust (“breast”) + *bain (“bone”). Cognate with Icelandic brjóstbein, Swedish bröstben.


skinu

skinu (nominative singular)
skinō (nominative plural)
skinā (accusative singular)
skinā (accusative plural)
skinā (genitive singular)
skinō (genitive plural)
skinē (dative singular)
skinōm (dative plural)
skinum (dative plural)
skinu (instrumental singular)
skinōm (instrumental plural)
skinum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: sċinu
Middle English: schyne, schen, schin, schine, schyn, schynne, scine, shine, shyn, shzine
English: shin
Scots: shin, schin

Old Frisian: *skine

Saterland Frisian: Skiene

West Frisian: skine

Old Saxon: skina
Middle Low German: schēne
German Low German: Scheen, Schien
→ Danish: skinne
→ Norwegian: skinne, skina
→ Swedish: skena

Old Dutch: *skina

Middle Dutch: schene

Dutch: scheen
Afrikaans: skeen

Old High German: skina, scina, scena
Middle High German: schine, schin
Alemannic German: Schine
German: Schiene
→ Hungarian: sín
→ Macedonian: шина (šina)
→ Polish: szyna
→ Romanian: șină
→ Russian: шина (šina)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: шина
Latin script: šina
Luxembourgish: Schinn

Lombardic: *skinko
→ Italian: stinco
 (see there for further descendants)


skinubain

skinubain (nominative singular)
skinubainu (nominative plural)
skinubain (accusative singular)
skinubainu (accusative plural)
skinubainas (genitive singular)
skinubainō (genitive plural)
skinubainē (dative singular)
skinubainum (dative plural)
skinubainu (instrumental singular)
skinubainum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sċinbān
Middle English: schineboon, schinbone
English: shinbone

Old Saxon:

Middle Low German:

German Low German:

Altmärkisch: Schä̂nbên

→ Danish: skinneben

→ Swedish: skenben

Old Dutch:

Middle Dutch:

Dutch: sheenbeen

Old High German: skinabein

desc

Middle High German: schinbein, schinebein

German: Schienbein

Alemannic German: Schinbein

Hunsrik: Schienbeen


halsabain

halsabain (nominative singular)
halsabainu (nominative plural)
halsabain (accusative singular)
halsabainu (accusative plural)
halsabainas (genitive singular)
halsabainō (genitive plural)
halsabainē (dative singular)
halsabainum (dative plural)
halsabainu (instrumental singular)
halsabainum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *halsbēn

Middle Low German: halsbēn

Old High German: halsbein

From Proto-Germanic *halsabainą. Equivalent to *hals (“neck”) + *bain (“bone”). Cognate with Old Norse hálsbeina.


wiþubain

wiþubain (nominative singular)
wiþubainu (nominative plural)
wiþubain (accusative singular)
wiþubainu (accusative plural)
wiþubainas (genitive singular)
wiþubainō (genitive plural)
wiþubainē (dative singular)
wiþubainum (dative plural)
wiþubainu (instrumental singular)
wiþubainum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wiþobān, widobān

English: withbone

Old Frisian: widubēn, widebēn, wedebēn

Old Saxon: *withebēn

Middle Low German: wêdebên

From Proto-Germanic *wiþubainą. Equivalent to *wiþu (“collar”) + *bain (“bone”). Cognate with Old Norse viðbein.


hruggjabain

hruggjabain (nominative singular)
hruggjabainu (nominative plural)
hruggjabain (accusative singular)
hruggjabainu (accusative plural)
hruggjabainas (genitive singular)
hruggjabainō (genitive plural)
hruggjabainē (dative singular)
hruggjabainum (dative plural)
hruggjabainu (instrumental singular)
hruggjabainum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: hryċġbān, hryġċbān
Middle English: riggebon, riggebone
English: ridgebone
Scots: rigbane

Old Frisian: hreggbên, hregbên

Saterland Frisian: Räägebunke

West Frisian: rêchbonke

Old Saxon: *hruggibēn

desc

Middle Low German: rüggebên, rüggebein, rücbên

German Low German: Rüggbunk

Old Dutch: *ruggibēn

Middle Dutch: ruggebene, ruggebeen

Dutch: ruggebeen

Old High German: ruggibein, rukkibein, ruckibein

Middle High German: rückebein, ruckebein, rucbein, ruckepein, rucpein, ruggebein, ruggebēn; ruckenbein

German: Rückenbein

From Proto-Germanic *hrugjabainą. Equivalent to *hrugi (“back, spine”) + *bain (“bone”).


þų̄hijan

þų̄hijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
þų̄hijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
þų̄hijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
þų̄hijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
þų̄hiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
þų̄hidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
þų̄hisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
þų̄hidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þų̄hidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þų̄hiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
þų̄hidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þų̄hidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þų̄hijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
þų̄hidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
þų̄hiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
þų̄hidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
þų̄hijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
þų̄hidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
þų̄hijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
þų̄hidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
þų̄hijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
þų̄hidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þų̄hijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
þų̄hidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þų̄hijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
þų̄hidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
þų̄hijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
þų̄hidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
þų̄hijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
þų̄hidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
þų̄hi (class-1 present singular weak)
þų̄hiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
þų̄hijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
þų̄hid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: þȳwan, þēowan, þēon, þīwan

Middle English: thewen

⇒ Old English: geþȳwan

Old Saxon: *thūwian

Middle Low German: dûwen, dü̂wen, döuwen

German Low German: duven

Old Dutch: *thūwen

Middle Dutch: duwen, douwen

Dutch: duwen, douwen

Old High German: diuhen, dūhen


frijōn

frijōn (infinitive)
frijōnijas (genitive infinitive)
frijōnijē (dative infinitive)
frijōniju (infinitive instrumental)
frijō (first-person present singular)
frijōdā (first-person past singular)
frijōs (present second-person singular)
frijōdēs (past second-person singular)
frijōdōs (past second-person singular)
frijōþ (present singular third-person)
frijōdē (past singular third-person)
frijōdā (past singular third-person)
frijōm (first-person plural present)
frijōdum (first-person past plural)
frijōþ (plural present second-person)
frijōdud (past plural second-person)
frijōnþ (plural present third-person)
frijōdun (past plural third-person)
frijōdī (first-person past singular)
frijōdī (past second-person singular)
frijō (present singular third-person)
frijōdī (past singular third-person)
frijōdīm (first-person past plural)
frijōdīd (past plural second-person)
frijōn (plural present third-person)
frijōdīn (past plural third-person)
frijō (present singular)
frijōþ (plural present)
frijōndī (participle present)
frijōd (participle past)
*frijigōn (alternative)

Old English: frīġan, frēoġan, frēon

Middle English: freen, freoȝen, freoen, fren

Scots: fre, frey, frie

English: free

Old Frisian: frīa, frīaia, friāia, frāia

Saterland Frisian: fräie

West Frisian: frije

Old Saxon: friehōn, friohōn

Middle Low German: vrîen, vrigen, vrihen, freien

German Low German: frejen

Low German: frijen

desctree

Old Dutch: *frīon
Middle Dutch: vrien, vrihen, vrijen
Dutch: vrijen, (obsolete) vrijden
Afrikaans: vry
Berbice Creole Dutch: freri
Negerhollands: fri, vrie

desc

Old High German: *frīhōn, *frīwōn, *frijōn

Middle High German: frīen, vrīen, vrijen, vrigen

German: freien

Luxembourgish: freien


fijēn

fijēn (infinitive)
fijēnijas (genitive infinitive)
fijēnijē (dative infinitive)
fijēniju (infinitive instrumental)
fijē (first-person present singular)
fij?dā (first-person past singular)
fijēs (present second-person singular)
fij?dēs (past second-person singular)
fijēþ (present singular third-person)
fij?dē (past singular third-person)
fij?dā (past singular third-person)
fijēm (first-person plural present)
fij?dum (first-person past plural)
fijēþ (plural present second-person)
fij?dud (past plural second-person)
fijēnþ (plural present third-person)
fij?dun (past plural third-person)
fij?dī (first-person past singular)
fij?dī (past second-person singular)
fijē (present singular third-person)
fij?dī (past singular third-person)
fij?dīm (first-person past plural)
fij?dīd (past plural second-person)
fijēn (plural present third-person)
fij?dīn (past plural third-person)
fijē (present singular)
fijēþ (plural present)
fijēndī (participle present)
fij?d (participle past)

Old English: fēoġan

Old High German: fīēn


bīdan

bīdan (infinitive)
bīdannjas (genitive infinitive)
bīdannjē (dative infinitive)
bīdannju (infinitive instrumental)
bīdu (first-person present singular)
baid (first-person past singular)
bīdiʀi (present second-person singular)
bidī (past second-person singular)
bīdidi (present singular third-person)
baid (past singular third-person)
bīdum (first-person plural present)
bidum (first-person past plural)
bīdid (plural present second-person)
bidud (past plural second-person)
bīdand (plural present third-person)
bidun (past plural third-person)
bīdē (first-person present singular)
bidī (first-person past singular)
bīdēs (present second-person singular)
bīdē (present singular third-person)
bidī (past singular third-person)
bīdēm (first-person plural present)
bidīm (first-person past plural)
bīdēþ (plural present second-person)
bidīd (past plural second-person)
bīdēn (plural present third-person)
bidīn (past plural third-person)
bīd (present singular)
bīdid (plural present)
bīdandī (participle present)
bidan (participle past)

desctree

Old English: bīdan
Middle English: biden
English: bide
Scots: byde, bide

Old Frisian: *bīda

North Frisian: bida

Old Saxon: bīdan
Middle Low German: bîden
Low German: bieden

Old Dutch: bīdan
Middle Dutch: biden
Dutch: beiden (obsolete)

Old High German: bītan, pītan

Middle High German: bīten

Alemannic German: beite

Cimbrian: paiten

German: beiten (dialectal)


kwidu

kwidu (nominative singular)
kwidiwi (nominative plural)
kwidō (nominative plural)
kwidu (accusative singular)
kwidū (accusative plural)
kwidō (genitive singular)
kwidiwō (genitive plural)
kwidiwi (dative singular)
kwidō (dative singular)
kwidum (dative plural)
kwidu (instrumental singular)
kwidum (instrumental plural)

Old English: cwidu, cweodu, cudu

desc

Middle English: code, quide, quede, coude, cudde

English: cud, quid

Scots: cude, cuid

Old High German: quiti, kuti

Middle High German: küte, küt

German: Kitt (“cement, putty”)

→ Polish: kit


witō

witō (nominative singular)
witan (nominative plural)
witan (accusative singular)
witan (accusative plural)
witini (genitive singular)
witan (genitive singular)
witanō (genitive plural)
witini (dative singular)
witan (dative singular)
witum (dative plural)
witini (instrumental singular)
witan (instrumental singular)
witum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wita

Old High German: wizzo


gawitō

gawitō (nominative singular)
gawitan (nominative plural)
gawitan (accusative singular)
gawitan (accusative plural)
gawitini (genitive singular)
gawitan (genitive singular)
gawitanō (genitive plural)
gawitini (dative singular)
gawitan (dative singular)
gawitum (dative plural)
gawitini (instrumental singular)
gawitan (instrumental singular)
gawitum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġewita

Old Frisian: wita

Old Saxon: *giwito

⇒ Old Saxon: mēngiwito

Old High German: giwizzo


witōd

past participle of *witōn (“to know, destine”)


witōd

witōd (masculine nominative singular)
witōdu (feminine nominative singular)
witōd (neuter nominative singular)
witōdanā (accusative masculine singular)
witōdā (accusative feminine singular)
witōd (accusative neuter singular)
witōdas (genitive masculine singular)
witōdeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
witōdas (genitive neuter singular)
witōdumē (dative masculine singular)
witōdeʀē (dative feminine singular)
witōdumē (dative neuter singular)
witōdu (instrumental masculine singular)
witōdeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
witōdu (instrumental neuter singular)
witōdē (masculine nominative plural)
witōdō (feminine nominative plural)
witōdu (neuter nominative plural)
witōdā (accusative masculine plural)
witōdā (accusative feminine plural)
witōdu (accusative neuter plural)
witōdeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
witōdeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
witōdeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
witōdēm (dative masculine plural)
witōdum (dative masculine plural)
witōdēm (dative feminine plural)
witōdum (dative feminine plural)
witōdēm (dative neuter plural)
witōdum (dative neuter plural)
witōdēm (instrumental masculine plural)
witōdum (instrumental masculine plural)
witōdēm (feminine instrumental plural)
witōdum (feminine instrumental plural)
witōdēm (instrumental neuter plural)
witōdum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: witod, weoted, weotod, wited, wuted

Old Saxon: witod


nefō

nefō (nominative singular)
nefan (nominative plural)
nefan (accusative singular)
nefan (accusative plural)
nifini (genitive singular)
nefan (genitive singular)
nefanō (genitive plural)
nifini (dative singular)
nefan (dative singular)
nefum (dative plural)
nifini (instrumental singular)
nefan (instrumental singular)
nefum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: nefa
Middle English: neve, neave, neva, nefa, newe, neafe, nefe
English: neve

Old Frisian: neva

Old Saxon: nevo

Middle Low German: nēve

German Low German: Neev

Old Dutch: nevo

Middle Dutch: nēve
Dutch: neef
Afrikaans: neef
→ Papiamentu: neefie (dated)
→ Sranan Tongo: nefo, neifo
→ Dutch: niffo
→ West Frisian: neef
Limburgish: naef

Old High German: nevo, nefo
Middle High German: nëfe, nëve, nëf, nebe
Cimbrian: néf
German: Neffe, Nefe (obsolete)
→? German Low German: Neffe


weban

weban (infinitive)
webannjas (genitive infinitive)
webannjē (dative infinitive)
webannju (infinitive instrumental)
webu (first-person present singular)
wab (first-person past singular)
wibiʀi (present second-person singular)
wābī (past second-person singular)
wibidi (present singular third-person)
wab (past singular third-person)
webum (first-person plural present)
wābum (first-person past plural)
wibid (plural present second-person)
wābud (past plural second-person)
weband (plural present third-person)
wābun (past plural third-person)
webē (first-person present singular)
wābī (first-person past singular)
webēs (present second-person singular)
webē (present singular third-person)
wābī (past singular third-person)
webēm (first-person plural present)
wābīm (first-person past plural)
webēþ (plural present second-person)
wābīd (past plural second-person)
webēn (plural present third-person)
wābīn (past plural third-person)
wib (present singular)
wibid (plural present)
webandī (participle present)
weban (participle past)

Old English: wefan

Middle English: weven

Scots: weve, weive, weif, wyf

English: weave

Old Frisian: weva

Saterland Frisian: weeuwe

West Frisian: weve

Old Saxon: weƀan, wevan

Middle Low German: weven

German Low German: weven

Old Dutch: wevan
Middle Dutch: wēven
Dutch: weven
Afrikaans: weef, wewe
Limburgish: waeve

Old High German: weban

Middle High German: weben

German: weben

Luxembourgish: wiewen

Yiddish: וועבן (vebn)


gabiddjan

gabiddjan (infinitive)
gabiddjannjas (genitive infinitive)
gabiddjannjē (dative infinitive)
gabiddjannju (infinitive instrumental)
gabiddju (first-person present singular)
gabad (first-person past singular)
gabidiʀi (present second-person singular)
gabādī (past second-person singular)
gabididi (present singular third-person)
gabad (past singular third-person)
gabiddjum (first-person plural present)
gabādum (first-person past plural)
gabidid (plural present second-person)
gabādud (past plural second-person)
gabiddjand (plural present third-person)
gabādun (past plural third-person)
gabiddjē (first-person present singular)
gabādī (first-person past singular)
gabiddjēs (present second-person singular)
gabiddjē (present singular third-person)
gabādī (past singular third-person)
gabiddjēm (first-person plural present)
gabādīm (first-person past plural)
gabiddjēþ (plural present second-person)
gabādīd (past plural second-person)
gabiddjēn (plural present third-person)
gabādīn (past plural third-person)
gabidi (present singular)
gabidid (plural present)
gabiddjandī (participle present)
gabedan (participle past)

Old English: ġebiddan
Middle English: ȝebidden, ybidden, ibidden

Old Saxon: gibiddian

Old High German: *gibitten

Middle High German: gebitten, gebiten

From Proto-Germanic *gabidjaną. Equivalent to *ga- + *biddjan.


gabedōn

gabedōn (infinitive)
gabedōnijas (genitive infinitive)
gabedōnijē (dative infinitive)
gabedōniju (infinitive instrumental)
gabedō (first-person present singular)
gabedōdā (first-person past singular)
gabedōs (present second-person singular)
gabedōdēs (past second-person singular)
gabedōdōs (past second-person singular)
gabedōþ (present singular third-person)
gabedōdē (past singular third-person)
gabedōdā (past singular third-person)
gabedōm (first-person plural present)
gabedōdum (first-person past plural)
gabedōþ (plural present second-person)
gabedōdud (past plural second-person)
gabedōnþ (plural present third-person)
gabedōdun (past plural third-person)
gabedōdī (first-person past singular)
gabedōdī (past second-person singular)
gabedō (present singular third-person)
gabedōdī (past singular third-person)
gabedōdīm (first-person past plural)
gabedōdīd (past plural second-person)
gabedōn (plural present third-person)
gabedōdīn (past plural third-person)
gabedō (present singular)
gabedōþ (plural present)
gabedōndī (participle present)
gabedōd (participle past)

Old English: ġebedian

Old Dutch: *gibedon

Middle Dutch: gebēden

Old High German: gibetōn


weraldi

weraldi (nominative singular)
weraldī (nominative plural)
weraldi (accusative singular)
weraldī (accusative plural)
weraldī (genitive singular)
weraldijō (genitive plural)
weraldī (dative singular)
weraldim (dative plural)
weraldijum (dative plural)
weraldī (instrumental singular)
weraldim (instrumental plural)
weraldijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: weorold, weorld, weoruld, woruld, worold, world, wiorld, wyrold, wuruld, wiarald — Kentish
Middle English: world
English: world
Scots: warld

Old Frisian: warld, wrald

North Frisian: wrald, wrâl

Saterland Frisian: Wareld

West Frisian: wrâld

Old Saxon: werold
Middle Low German: werlt, werlde
Low German: Welt, Werlt
German Low German: Wereld, Welt
Plautdietsch: Welt
Dutch Low Saxon: wearld

Old Dutch: werilt, werolt
Middle Dutch: wērelt
Dutch: wereld
Afrikaans: wêreld
Limburgish: wereld

Old High German: wëralt
Middle High German: wërlt, wëlt
Alemannic German: Wält
Bavarian: Wejt, Wöd, Wölt
Central Franconian:
Transylvanian Saxon: Wält
German: Welt
Luxembourgish: Welt
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Welt
Vilamovian: wełt
Yiddish: וועלט (velt)


kinnubain

kinnubain (nominative singular)
kinnubainu (nominative plural)
kinnubain (accusative singular)
kinnubainu (accusative plural)
kinnubainas (genitive singular)
kinnubainō (genitive plural)
kinnubainē (dative singular)
kinnubainum (dative plural)
kinnubainu (instrumental singular)
kinnubainum (instrumental plural)
*kinnibain (alternative)

Old English: ċinbān

Middle English: cynnbane

English: chinbone

Old Saxon: *kinnibēn

Middle Low German: kinnebēn

Old High German: kinnibein

Middle High German: kinnebein

Yiddish: קינביין (kinbeyn)

From Proto-Germanic *kinnubainą. Equivalent to *kinnu (“chin, jaw”) + *bain (“bone”). Cognate with Old Norse kinnebein.


kinnubakō

kinnubakō (nominative singular)
kinnubakan (nominative plural)
kinnubakan (accusative singular)
kinnubakan (accusative plural)
kinnubakini (genitive singular)
kinnubakan (genitive singular)
kinnubakanō (genitive plural)
kinnubakini (dative singular)
kinnubakan (dative singular)
kinnubakum (dative plural)
kinnubakini (instrumental singular)
kinnubakan (instrumental singular)
kinnubakum (instrumental plural)
*kinnibakō (alternative)

desc

Old Frisian: tsinbakka, szinbakke, szinbaca, kinbaka, kenbak

Old Saxon: kinnebako, kinnibaco

Middle Low German:

German Low German:

Münsterländisch: Kinnbacke

Sauerländisch: Kinnbacke sg, Kinnebacken pl

→ Danish: kindbakke

Old Dutch: kinnebako

Middle Dutch: kinnebacke, kenebacke, kinbacke

Dutch: kinnebak

→ West Frisian: kinnebak

Old High German: kinnibahho, chinnibahho, chinnipacho

Middle High German: kinnebacke, kinnebache, kinbacke, kenebacke

German: Kinnbacke sg, Kinnbacken pl

From *kinnu (“chin, jaw”) + *bakō (“back”).


keukā

keukā (nominative singular)
keukōn (nominative plural)
keukōn (accusative singular)
keukōn (accusative plural)
keukōn (genitive singular)
keukōnō (genitive plural)
keukōn (dative singular)
keukōm (dative plural)
keukum (dative plural)
keukōn (instrumental singular)
keukōm (instrumental plural)
keukum (instrumental plural)
*kākā (alternative)

desctree

Old English: ċēoce, ċēce — Anglian
Middle English: cheke, cheek, cheeke, cheoke, chieke, chike, choke, chooke, chyke (merged with ċēace)
English: cheek; choke
Scots: cheek

desc

Old Frisian: ciāke, sthiāke, stiāke, tziāke, sciāke, tseziāke, ziāke, tzāke

North Frisian: sīk

Saterland Frisian: Sooke

West Frisian: tsjeak, tsjeek (obsolete)

Old Saxon: *kioka

Middle Low German: kêke

German Low German: Keek

→ Old Frisian: kēke

From Proto-Germanic *keukǭ. Cognate with Old Norse kok (“throat”).


kākabain

kākabain (nominative singular)
kākabainu (nominative plural)
kākabain (accusative singular)
kākabainu (accusative plural)
kākabainas (genitive singular)
kākabainō (genitive plural)
kākabainē (dative singular)
kākabainum (dative plural)
kākabainu (instrumental singular)
kākabainum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ċēacbān, *ċēocbān

Middle English: *chekeban, chekebon, chekbone

English: cheekbone

Scots: cheekbane

Old Dutch: *cācbēn

Middle Dutch: câkebêen

Dutch: kaakbeen

→ Swedish: käkben

From *kākā (“jaw, cheek”) + *bain (“bone”).


knewaskībā

knewaskībā (nominative singular)
knewaskībōn (nominative plural)
knewaskībōn (accusative singular)
knewaskībōn (accusative plural)
knewaskībōn (genitive singular)
knewaskībōnō (genitive plural)
knewaskībōn (dative singular)
knewaskībōm (dative plural)
knewaskībum (dative plural)
knewaskībōn (instrumental singular)
knewaskībōm (instrumental plural)
knewaskībum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *cnēosċīfe

Middle English: kne shyve

English: kneeshive (archaic)

Old Frisian: kniskive, kneskive, kniscive, knescive

Old Saxon: *knioskība, *knioskīva

Middle Low German: *knêchêve

German Low German:

Westmünsterländisch: Kneeschiewe, Kneeschiebe

desctree

Old Dutch: *cnioskīva
Middle Dutch: cnieschîve, cniescîve
Dutch: knieschijf

Old High German: kniuskība

Middle High German: knieschîbe

German: Kniescheibe

Luxembourgish: Knéischeif

From *kneu (“knee”) + *skībā (“disc, plate, slice”), from Proto-Germanic *skībǭ (whence Old Norse skífa (“slice”)), from Proto-Indo-European *skey- (“to cut, split”).


hwerbabain

hwerbabain (nominative singular)
hwerbabainu (nominative plural)
hwerbabain (accusative singular)
hwerbabainu (accusative plural)
hwerbabainas (genitive singular)
hwerbabainō (genitive plural)
hwerbabainē (dative singular)
hwerbabainum (dative plural)
hwerbabainu (instrumental singular)
hwerbabainum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hweorfbān

Old Saxon: hwerfbēn

desc

Old High German: *hwerfbein, werfbein, wirfbein

From *hwerban (“to turn”) + *bain (“bone”).


bōþl

bōþl (nominative singular)
bōþlu (nominative plural)
bōþl (accusative singular)
bōþlu (accusative plural)
bōþlas (genitive singular)
bōþlō (genitive plural)
bōþlē (dative singular)
bōþlum (dative plural)
bōþlu (instrumental singular)
bōþlum (instrumental plural)

Old English: botl, botel, bold

Middle English: bottle, botle, buttle

English: bottle (“dwelling, building”)

Old Frisian: bōdel, bōld

North Frisian: bol, boel, böl

Saterland Frisian: bûdel, bôdel

West Frisian: boel

Old Saxon: bōdal

Middle Low German: bôdel, bôl

German Low German:

Klevisch-Weselisch: Baul

Westmünsterländisch: Buddel, Büoddel

Old Dutch: *buothal

Middle Dutch: boedel, bodel

Dutch: boedel, boel

Afrikaans: boedel, boel

→ English: boodle


daugan

daugan (infinitive)
daugannjas (genitive infinitive)
daugannjē (dative infinitive)
daugannju (infinitive instrumental)
daugu (first-person present singular)
deōg (first-person past singular)
daugiʀi (present second-person singular)
deōgī (past second-person singular)
daugidi (present singular third-person)
deōg (past singular third-person)
daugum (first-person plural present)
deōgum (first-person past plural)
daugid (plural present second-person)
deōgud (past plural second-person)
daugand (plural present third-person)
deōgun (past plural third-person)
daugē (first-person present singular)
deōgī (first-person past singular)
daugēs (present second-person singular)
daugē (present singular third-person)
deōgī (past singular third-person)
daugēm (first-person plural present)
deōgīm (first-person past plural)
daugēþ (plural present second-person)
deōgīd (past plural second-person)
daugēn (plural present third-person)
deōgīn (past plural third-person)
daug (present singular)
daugid (plural present)
daugandī (participle present)
daugan (participle past)

Old English: *dēagan, only attested in 3sg pret. dēog

Old High German: *tougan, only attested in the pp. tougan

Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“smoke”) or *dʰewk-, late metathesis of *(s)kew-dʰ- (“to hide”).


blātijan

blātijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
blātijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
blātijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
blātijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
blātiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
blātidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
blātisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
blātidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blātidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blātiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
blātidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blātidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blātijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
blātidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
blātiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
blātidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
blātijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
blātidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
blātijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
blātidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
blātijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
blātidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blātijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
blātidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blātijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
blātidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
blātijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
blātidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
blātijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
blātidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
blāti (class-1 present singular weak)
blātiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
blātijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
blātid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: blǣtan
Middle English: bleten, blete, bleyte, blætenn (rare)
English: bleat
Scots: blete, bleit, blate, blait
⇒ Scots: blaitand (present participle)
→ English: blatant

Old Frisian: *blēta

Saterland Frisian: blēte, blētsje

West Frisian: bâlte, blêtsje, bletterje

Old Saxon: *blātian

Middle Low German: blêten

Low German: bleten

Old Dutch: *blāten

Middle Dutch: blâten, blêten

Dutch: blaten, bleiten

Old High German: blāzen, plāzen

Middle High German: blāzen

German: blaßen, blätzen, blässen


laubu

laubu (nominative singular)
laubō (nominative plural)
laubā (accusative singular)
laubā (accusative plural)
laubā (genitive singular)
laubō (genitive plural)
laubē (dative singular)
laubōm (dative plural)
laubum (dative plural)
laubu (instrumental singular)
laubōm (instrumental plural)
laubum (instrumental plural)

Old English: lēaf

Middle English: lefe, leve

Scots: leve, leiv

English: leave

Old Frisian: *lāve

desc

Saterland Frisian: Loofe, Loouwe, Looche

West Frisian: leafe

Old Saxon: *lōva

Middle Low German: *lôve

German Low German: Loov

Old Dutch: *lōva

Middle Dutch: *lôve

Dutch: love

Old High German: *louba

Middle High German:

German: Laube


baʀ

baʀ (masculine nominative singular)
baʀu (feminine nominative singular)
baʀ (neuter nominative singular)
baʀanā (accusative masculine singular)
baʀā (accusative feminine singular)
baʀ (accusative neuter singular)
baʀas (genitive masculine singular)
baʀeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
baʀas (genitive neuter singular)
baʀumē (dative masculine singular)
baʀeʀē (dative feminine singular)
baʀumē (dative neuter singular)
baʀu (instrumental masculine singular)
baʀeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
baʀu (instrumental neuter singular)
baʀē (masculine nominative plural)
baʀō (feminine nominative plural)
baʀu (neuter nominative plural)
baʀā (accusative masculine plural)
baʀā (accusative feminine plural)
baʀu (accusative neuter plural)
baʀeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
baʀeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
baʀeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
baʀēm (dative masculine plural)
baʀum (dative masculine plural)
baʀēm (dative feminine plural)
baʀum (dative feminine plural)
baʀēm (dative neuter plural)
baʀum (dative neuter plural)
baʀēm (instrumental masculine plural)
baʀum (instrumental masculine plural)
baʀēm (feminine instrumental plural)
baʀum (feminine instrumental plural)
baʀēm (instrumental neuter plural)
baʀum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: bær
Middle English: bare, bar, baar, bayre, bere, beare
English: bare
Scots: bare, bair
Yola: baar, baare

Old Frisian: ber

Saterland Frisian: boar

West Frisian: baar

Old Saxon: bar
Middle Low German: bâr
German Low German: baar

Old Dutch: *bar
Middle Dutch: bāer
Dutch: bar
Dutch: baar

Old High German: bar
Middle High German: bar
German: bar, baar
Yiddish: פּאַרעוו (parev)
→ English: parev, pareve

→ Old French: baraigne, baraing

Middle French: brehaigne

French: bréhaigne

→ Middle English: barain, barein

English: barren


raupijan

raupijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
raupijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
raupijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
raupijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
raupiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
raupidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
raupisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
raupidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
raupidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
raupiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
raupidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
raupidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
raupijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
raupidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
raupiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
raupidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
raupijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
raupidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
raupijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
raupidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
raupijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
raupidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
raupijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
raupidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
raupijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
raupidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
raupijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
raupidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
raupijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
raupidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
raupi (class-1 present singular weak)
raupiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
raupijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
raupid (class-1 participle past weak)

desc

Old English: rīepan, rȳpan (“to rip, tear; pillage, plunder”)

Middle English: ripen, rupen, rippen, rypen

Old Saxon: *rōpian

Middle Low German: rôpen

German Low German: röpen

Old Dutch: *roupen, *rōpen

Middle Dutch: ropen

Dutch: ropen (dialectal)

desctree

Old High German: roufen, rouffen
Middle High German: roufen, röufen, reufen
German: raufen


frōd

frōd (masculine nominative singular)
frōdu (feminine nominative singular)
frōd (neuter nominative singular)
frōdanā (accusative masculine singular)
frōdā (accusative feminine singular)
frōd (accusative neuter singular)
frōdas (genitive masculine singular)
frōdeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
frōdas (genitive neuter singular)
frōdumē (dative masculine singular)
frōdeʀē (dative feminine singular)
frōdumē (dative neuter singular)
frōdu (instrumental masculine singular)
frōdeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
frōdu (instrumental neuter singular)
frōdē (masculine nominative plural)
frōdō (feminine nominative plural)
frōdu (neuter nominative plural)
frōdā (accusative masculine plural)
frōdā (accusative feminine plural)
frōdu (accusative neuter plural)
frōdeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
frōdeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
frōdeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
frōdēm (dative masculine plural)
frōdum (dative masculine plural)
frōdēm (dative feminine plural)
frōdum (dative feminine plural)
frōdēm (dative neuter plural)
frōdum (dative neuter plural)
frōdēm (instrumental masculine plural)
frōdum (instrumental masculine plural)
frōdēm (feminine instrumental plural)
frōdum (feminine instrumental plural)
frōdēm (instrumental neuter plural)
frōdum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: frōd
Middle English: *frod, *frode, *frood
English: frood
Scots: frood

Old Frisian: frōd

North Frisian: frod

Saterland Frisian: frod

West Frisian: froed

Old Saxon: frōd

Middle Low German: vrôt

Old Dutch: *fruod, *fruot

Middle Dutch: vroet

Dutch: vroed
Afrikaans: vroed

Old High German: fruot, frōt
Middle High German: vruot
Alemannic German: fruetig


frōbrijan

frōbrijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
frōbrijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
frōbrijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
frōbrijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
frōbriju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
frōbridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
frōbrisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
frōbridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
frōbridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
frōbriþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
frōbridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
frōbridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
frōbrijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
frōbridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
frōbriþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
frōbridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
frōbrijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
frōbridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
frōbrijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
frōbridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
frōbrijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
frōbridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
frōbrijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
frōbridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
frōbrijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
frōbridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
frōbrijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
frōbridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
frōbrijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
frōbridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
frōbri (class-1 present singular weak)
frōbriþ (class-1 plural present weak)
frōbrijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
frōbrid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: frēfran, frēfrian

Old Saxon: frōvrian

desc

Old High German: fluobaren, fluobiren, fluobren (with dissimilation of the first -r-)

From *frōbru (“solace, comfort”) + *-jan.


furhu

furhu (nominative singular)
forhō (nominative plural)
forhā (accusative singular)
forhā (accusative plural)
forhā (genitive singular)
forhō (genitive plural)
furhē (dative singular)
forhōm (dative plural)
furhum (dative plural)
furhu (instrumental singular)
forhōm (instrumental plural)
furhum (instrumental plural)

Old English: fyrh, furh

q

Middle English: firre (perhaps partially or wholly derived from Old Norse)

English: fir

Scots: fir

Old Frisian: *fēre, *fiūre

Saterland Frisian: Fjúre

Old Saxon: furia

Middle Low German: vūre

Low German: Fuhr

Old Dutch: *fura

⇒ Dutch: Forolta

⇒ Dutch: Fornhese

Old High German: furh, furuh

Middle High German: vorhe

German: Föhre


fundī

fundī (masculine nominative singular)
fundiju (feminine nominative singular)
fundī (neuter nominative singular)
fundijanā (accusative masculine singular)
fundijā (accusative feminine singular)
fundī (accusative neuter singular)
fundijas (genitive masculine singular)
fundijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
fundijas (genitive neuter singular)
fundijumē (dative masculine singular)
fundijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
fundijumē (dative neuter singular)
fundiju (instrumental masculine singular)
fundijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
fundiju (instrumental neuter singular)
fundijē (masculine nominative plural)
fundijō (feminine nominative plural)
fundiju (neuter nominative plural)
fundijā (accusative masculine plural)
fundijā (accusative feminine plural)
fundiju (accusative neuter plural)
fundijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
fundijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
fundijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
fundijēm (dative masculine plural)
fundijum (dative masculine plural)
fundijēm (dative feminine plural)
fundijum (dative feminine plural)
fundijēm (dative neuter plural)
fundijum (dative neuter plural)
fundijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
fundijum (instrumental masculine plural)
fundijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
fundijum (feminine instrumental plural)
fundijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
fundijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: *fynde

desc

⇒ Old English: ēaþfynde (“easy to find”) (+ ēaþe (“easy”))

From Proto-Germanic *fundiz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


wraiþ

wraiþ (masculine nominative singular)
wraiþu (feminine nominative singular)
wraiþ (neuter nominative singular)
wraiþanā (accusative masculine singular)
wraiþā (accusative feminine singular)
wraiþ (accusative neuter singular)
wraiþas (genitive masculine singular)
wraiþeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
wraiþas (genitive neuter singular)
wraiþumē (dative masculine singular)
wraiþeʀē (dative feminine singular)
wraiþumē (dative neuter singular)
wraiþu (instrumental masculine singular)
wraiþeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
wraiþu (instrumental neuter singular)
wraiþē (masculine nominative plural)
wraiþō (feminine nominative plural)
wraiþu (neuter nominative plural)
wraiþā (accusative masculine plural)
wraiþā (accusative feminine plural)
wraiþu (accusative neuter plural)
wraiþeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
wraiþeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
wraiþeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
wraiþēm (dative masculine plural)
wraiþum (dative masculine plural)
wraiþēm (dative feminine plural)
wraiþum (dative feminine plural)
wraiþēm (dative neuter plural)
wraiþum (dative neuter plural)
wraiþēm (instrumental masculine plural)
wraiþum (instrumental masculine plural)
wraiþēm (feminine instrumental plural)
wraiþum (feminine instrumental plural)
wraiþēm (instrumental neuter plural)
wraiþum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: wrāþ
Middle English: wrath, wroth
English: wrath, wroth
Scots: wraith

Old Frisian: wrēth

Saterland Frisian: wreed

West Frisian: wreed

Old Saxon: wrēth
Middle Low German: wrêt
German Low German: wreed, wreet

Old Dutch: *wrēth

Middle Dutch: wreet

Dutch: wreed

Afrikaans: wreed

Old High German: reid, (Central Franconian) wrēde

Middle High German: reit

Alemannic German: reid

Central Franconian: fried


wliti

wliti (nominative singular)
wlitī (nominative plural)
wliti (accusative singular)
wlitī (accusative plural)
wlitī (genitive singular)
wlittjō (genitive plural)
wlitī (dative singular)
wlitim (dative plural)
wlittjum (dative plural)
wlitī (instrumental singular)
wlitim (instrumental plural)
wlittjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wlite, wlitu

Middle English: wlite

Old Frisian: wlite

Old Saxon: wliti


bōku

bōku (nominative singular)
bōkō (nominative plural)
bōkā (accusative singular)
bōkā (accusative plural)
bōkā (genitive singular)
bōkō (genitive plural)
bōkē (dative singular)
bōkōm (dative plural)
bōkum (dative plural)
bōku (instrumental singular)
bōkōm (instrumental plural)
bōkum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bōc
Middle English: bok, boc, boke, book, booke, buk, buke
English: book (see there for further descendants)
Geordie English: buik, beuk
Scots: buik, beuk, buke, beuck
Yola: buke

Old Frisian: bōk

West Frisian: boeck, boek

Old Saxon: bōka
Middle Low German: bôke
Low German: Böök, Böke
Dutch Low Saxon: beuk
→ Dutch: beuk

Old Dutch: *buoka (in placenames)

Middle Dutch: boec

q

Dutch: boek (only in compounds and placenames, displaced by eastern beuk)

desctree

Old High German: buohha, *buohhia, buocha
Middle High German: buoche (possibly conflated with descendant from *bōkō)
Alemannic German: Buech
German: Buche, Büche
Luxembourgish: Bich
Vilamovian: bih́łiḱ


walō

walō (nominative singular)
walan (nominative plural)
walan (accusative singular)
walan (accusative plural)
walini (genitive singular)
walan (genitive singular)
walanō (genitive plural)
walini (dative singular)
walan (dative singular)
walum (dative plural)
walini (instrumental singular)
walan (instrumental singular)
walum (instrumental plural)


fōdr

fōdr (nominative singular)
fōdru (nominative plural)
fōdr (accusative singular)
fōdru (accusative plural)
fōdras (genitive singular)
fōdrō (genitive plural)
fōdrē (dative singular)
fōdrum (dative plural)
fōdru (instrumental singular)
fōdrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: fōdor
Middle English: fodder, foddre, fodre, foder, fodyr, foddur, voddur
English: fodder
Middle Scots: foder, fodder, fother, fothir
Scots: fother

Old Frisian: fōder

North Frisian: Fođer, fooder

Saterland Frisian: Fodder

West Frisian: foer

Old Saxon: *fōdar

Middle Low German: vōder

Old Dutch: *fuodar

Dutch: voeder, voer

Afrikaans: voer

Limburgish: voder, voor

Old High German: fuotar
Middle High German: vuoter
Cimbrian: fuutar
German: Futter
Luxembourgish: Fudder

→ Old French: fuerre (see there for further descendants)


fōdr

Old English: fōdor

Old Dutch: *fuodar

Middle Dutch: voeder

Dutch: voer

Old High German: fuotar

Middle High German: vuoter

German: Futter

→ Polish: futro

Luxembourgish: Fudder

→ Venetan: fódro

→? Cimbrian: fòdara

→ Italian: fodero


morþr

morþr (nominative singular)
morþru (nominative plural)
morþr (accusative singular)
morþru (accusative plural)
morþras (genitive singular)
morþrō (genitive plural)
morþrē (dative singular)
morþrum (dative plural)
morþru (instrumental singular)
morþrum (instrumental plural)
*murþr (alternative)

Old English: morþor

desc

Middle English: morther, murther, murthre, mourdre, mudre, murder

English: murther, murder

Scots: murther, morther, murder

Old Dutch: *morthor, mordor

Old High German: mordor

→ Latin: murdrum

Old French: murdre, mordre, murtre

Middle French: meurtre

French: meurtre


hleuþr

hleuþr (nominative singular)
hleuþru (nominative plural)
hleuþr (accusative singular)
hleuþru (accusative plural)
hleuþras (genitive singular)
hleuþrō (genitive plural)
hleuþrē (dative singular)
hleuþrum (dative plural)
hleuþru (instrumental singular)
hleuþrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hlēoþor

Old High German: liodar


rōþr

rōþr (nominative singular)
rōþru (nominative plural)
rōþr (accusative singular)
rōþru (accusative plural)
rōþras (genitive singular)
rōþrō (genitive plural)
rōþrē (dative singular)
rōþrum (dative plural)
rōþru (instrumental singular)
rōþrum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: rōþor
Middle English: rother, rodder, rothre, ruder, rothyr, rothir, rothar, roþer
English: rudder, rother
Scots: rudder, ruther, ruder

Old Frisian: rōther, rōder

Saterland Frisian: Ruur

West Frisian: roer

Old Saxon: *rōthar

Middle Low German: rôder

German Low German: Roor

→ Danish: ror

→ Faroese: róður

→ Norwegian: ror

→ Old Swedish: rodher

Swedish: roder

Old Dutch: *ruother

Middle Dutch: roeder

Dutch: roer
Afrikaans: roer
→ Russian: руль (rulʹ)
→ Armenian: ռուլ (ṙul)
→ Azerbaijani: rul
→ Georgian: რული (ruli)
→ Kazakh: рөл (röl)
→ Persian: رل (rol)
→ Turkmen: rul
→ Uzbek: rul
→ Yup'ik: alunaq

Old High German: ruodar, ruoder

Middle High German: ruoder

German: Ruder

Luxembourgish: Rudder

Yiddish: רודער (ruder)

From Proto-Germanic *rōþrą. Equivalent to *rōan (“to row”) + *-þr.


nāþlu

nāþlu (nominative singular)
nāþlō (nominative plural)
nāþlā (accusative singular)
nāþlā (accusative plural)
nāþlā (genitive singular)
nāþlō (genitive plural)
nāþlē (dative singular)
nāþlōm (dative plural)
nāþlum (dative plural)
nāþlu (instrumental singular)
nāþlōm (instrumental plural)
nāþlum (instrumental plural)

Old English: nǣdl

Middle English: nedle

English: needle

Scots: nedil, neidil

Old Frisian: nēdle, nēlde

Saterland Frisian: Näddele

desc

West Frisian: niddel, nuddel, nille, nulle

Old Saxon: nāthla

Middle Low German: nâdel, nâtele, nâtel, nâtle, nâlde (not found in most areas, rare elsewhere)

Low German: Nodel, Nadel (likely to be loaned from or influenced by German)

Plautdietsch: Notel

Old Dutch: nālda

Middle Dutch: naelde

Dutch: naald

Afrikaans: naald

Old High German: nādala, nālda

Middle High German: nādele, nālde

German: Nadel

Luxembourgish: Nol (< nālde)

q

Yiddish: נאָדל (nodl); נודיל (nudil) (Middle Yiddish, attested in Shemot Devarim)


seþl

seþl (nominative singular)
seþlu (nominative plural)
seþl (accusative singular)
seþlu (accusative plural)
seþlas (genitive singular)
seþlō (genitive plural)
seþlē (dative singular)
seþlum (dative plural)
seþlu (instrumental singular)
seþlum (instrumental plural)

Old English: seþl

desctree

>? Old English: setl, seatl, seatul, sedl, seld, seotl, seotul, seþel, seðl, sitl, sotl, setel, sætl
Middle English: setle, selde (with metathesis)
English: settle, seld (with metathesis)

Old Saxon: sethal

Middle Low German: sēdel

Old Dutch: *sethal

Middle Dutch: sēdel

Dutch: zedel

Limburgish: zaedel

Old High German: sedal

Middle High German: sedel


þį̄slu

þį̄slu (nominative singular)
þį̄slō (nominative plural)
þį̄slā (accusative singular)
þį̄slā (accusative plural)
þį̄slā (genitive singular)
þį̄slō (genitive plural)
þį̄slē (dative singular)
þį̄slōm (dative plural)
þį̄slum (dative plural)
þį̄slu (instrumental singular)
þį̄slōm (instrumental plural)
þį̄slum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þīsl, þīxl

Old Frisian: *thixel

West Frisian: tiksel

Old Saxon: *thīhsla

Middle Low German: dîsel, dissel

Low German: Deissel, Distel

→ German: Deissel, Deißel

→ Polish: dyszel
→ Russian: ды́шло (dýšlo)

Old Dutch: *thīssala

Middle Dutch: dissele, dissel

Dutch: dissel

Old High German: dīhsala, dīhsila

Middle High German: dīhsel

German: Deichsel

Luxembourgish: Täissel


hasl

hasl (nominative singular)
haslō (nominative plural)
haslōs (nominative plural)
hasl (accusative singular)
haslā (accusative plural)
haslas (genitive singular)
haslō (genitive plural)
haslē (dative singular)
haslum (dative plural)
haslu (instrumental singular)
haslum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hæsl, hæsel, hæsil
Middle English: hasel, hasell, hasil, hasill, hasul, hasyl, haysell, hesel, hesill, hesyll
English: hazel (dialectal halse)
Scots: hazel
Yola: hawlse

Old Saxon: *hasal

Middle Low German: hāsel

Plautdietsch: Hausel

Old Dutch: *hasal

Middle Dutch: hāsel

Dutch: hazel

Old High German: hasal

Middle High German: hasel

German: Hasel


stebnu

stebnu (nominative singular)
stebnō (nominative plural)
stebnā (accusative singular)
stebnā (accusative plural)
stebnā (genitive singular)
stebnō (genitive plural)
stebnē (dative singular)
stebnōm (dative plural)
stebnum (dative plural)
stebnu (instrumental singular)
stebnōm (instrumental plural)
stebnum (instrumental plural)
*stemnu (alternative)

Old English: stefn, stemn

Middle English: steven, stemne, stempne

English: steven, stevvon, stempne

Scots: stevin, stewyn

Old Frisian: stifne, stemme

Saterland Frisian: Stämme

West Frisian: stim

Old Saxon: *stefna, stemna

desc

Middle Low German: stēvene, stempne, stemne, stimne, stemme, stimme

Low German: Stemme

German Low German: Stemm, Stimm

desctree

Old Dutch: stemma, stimma, stimna, *stefna
Middle Dutch: stemme, stimme, stevene, steffene
Dutch: stem
Limburgish: stöm

Old High German: stimna

Middle High German: stimme

German: Stimme

Luxembourgish: Stëmm


faikn

faikn (nominative singular)
faiknu (nominative plural)
faikn (accusative singular)
faiknu (accusative plural)
faiknas (genitive singular)
faiknō (genitive plural)
faiknē (dative singular)
faiknum (dative plural)
faiknu (instrumental singular)
faiknum (instrumental plural)

Old English: fācn, fācen

Middle English: faken, fakenn, foken

Old Frisian: *fēkn

⇒ Old Frisian: fēknia (verb)

Old Saxon: fēkn, fēkan

Old High German: feihhan, feichan

Middle High German: veichen


faþm

faþm (nominative singular)
faþmō (nominative plural)
faþmōs (nominative plural)
faþm (accusative singular)
faþmā (accusative plural)
faþmas (genitive singular)
faþmō (genitive plural)
faþmē (dative singular)
faþmum (dative plural)
faþmu (instrumental singular)
faþmum (instrumental plural)

Old English: fæþm

Middle English: fathome, fadome

Scots: faddom

English: fathom

Old Frisian: fethem, fethm

Saterland Frisian: Fäidem, Fäden

West Frisian: fiem

Old Saxon: fathm

Middle Low German: vādem

German Low German: Faam

Low German: fadem, faem

Old Dutch: *fatham

Middle Dutch: vādem, vāem (late)

Dutch: vadem, vaam

Afrikaans: vadem, vaam

desc

Limburgish: vaam (“thread”), vadem (“fathom”)

Old High German: fadam, fadum

Middle High German: vadem, vaden

Central Franconian: Faddem, Foadem, Fodem, Fadem, Farem

Luxembourgish: Fuedem

Cimbrian: vaadom, baadom (Mezzaselva)

German: Faden


bōsm

bōsm (nominative singular)
bōsmō (nominative plural)
bōsmōs (nominative plural)
bōsm (accusative singular)
bōsmā (accusative plural)
bōsmas (genitive singular)
bōsmō (genitive plural)
bōsmē (dative singular)
bōsmum (dative plural)
bōsmu (instrumental singular)
bōsmum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: bōsm, bōsum
Middle English: bosom, bosum, bosem
English: bosom
Scots: bosum, bosome

Old Frisian: bōsm, bōsem

→ Saterland Frisian: Bossem

West Frisian: boeseme, boezem, buozzem

Old Saxon: bōsom

Middle Low German: bôsem, bôseme

Dutch Low Saxon: bussem

Old Dutch: *buosum, *buosom

Middle Dutch: boesem

Dutch: boezem

Afrikaans: boesem

Limburgish: bozem

Old High German: buosum, buosam

Middle High German: buosem, buosen

Cimbrian: pusum

German: Busen

Yiddish: בוזעם (buzem)


stahlī

stahhlī (nominative singular)
stahhliju (nominative plural)
stahhlī (accusative singular)
stahhliju (accusative plural)
stahhlijas (genitive singular)
stahhlijō (genitive plural)
stahhlijē (dative singular)
stahhlijum (dative plural)
stahhliju (instrumental singular)
stahhlijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: stīele, stȳle, stīle, stēle
Middle English: stele, stel, stelle, steole, steyle, stiele, style
English: steel
→ Maori: tīra
Scots: stele, steill
Yola: stheel

Old Frisian: *stēle (attested in stēlen (“steelen”))

Saterland Frisian: Stäil

West Frisian: stiel

Old Saxon: stehli

From Proto-Germanic *stahliją, a collective formed from *stahlą (Proto-West Germanic *stahl).

(North Sea Germanic) alternative form of *stahl


raih

raih (nominative singular)
raihu (nominative plural)
raih (accusative singular)
raihu (accusative plural)
raihas (genitive singular)
raihō (genitive plural)
raihē (dative singular)
raihum (dative plural)
raihu (instrumental singular)
raihum (instrumental plural)


gastīgan

gastīgan (infinitive)
gastīgannjas (genitive infinitive)
gastīgannjē (dative infinitive)
gastīgannju (infinitive instrumental)
gastīgu (first-person present singular)
gastaig (first-person past singular)
gastīgiʀi (present second-person singular)
gastigī (past second-person singular)
gastīgidi (present singular third-person)
gastaig (past singular third-person)
gastīgum (first-person plural present)
gastigum (first-person past plural)
gastīgid (plural present second-person)
gastigud (past plural second-person)
gastīgand (plural present third-person)
gastigun (past plural third-person)
gastīgē (first-person present singular)
gastigī (first-person past singular)
gastīgēs (present second-person singular)
gastīgē (present singular third-person)
gastigī (past singular third-person)
gastīgēm (first-person plural present)
gastigīm (first-person past plural)
gastīgēþ (plural present second-person)
gastigīd (past plural second-person)
gastīgēn (plural present third-person)
gastigīn (past plural third-person)
gastīg (present singular)
gastīgid (plural present)
gastīgandī (participle present)
gastigan (participle past)

Old English: ġestīgan

Old Saxon: gistīgan

Old Dutch: gistīgan

Old High German: gistīgan

Middle High German: gestīgen

From Proto-Germanic *gastīganą. Equivalent to *ga- + *stīgan.


stīgan

stīgan (infinitive)
stīgannjas (genitive infinitive)
stīgannjē (dative infinitive)
stīgannju (infinitive instrumental)
stīgu (first-person present singular)
staig (first-person past singular)
stīgiʀi (present second-person singular)
stigī (past second-person singular)
stīgidi (present singular third-person)
staig (past singular third-person)
stīgum (first-person plural present)
stigum (first-person past plural)
stīgid (plural present second-person)
stigud (past plural second-person)
stīgand (plural present third-person)
stigun (past plural third-person)
stīgē (first-person present singular)
stigī (first-person past singular)
stīgēs (present second-person singular)
stīgē (present singular third-person)
stigī (past singular third-person)
stīgēm (first-person plural present)
stigīm (first-person past plural)
stīgēþ (plural present second-person)
stigīd (past plural second-person)
stīgēn (plural present third-person)
stigīn (past plural third-person)
stīg (present singular)
stīgid (plural present)
stīgandī (participle present)
stigan (participle past)

Old English: stīgan

Middle English: stighen, stien

Scots: styan

English: sty

Old Frisian: stīga

Saterland Frisian: stiege

West Frisian: stige

Old Saxon: stīgan

Middle Low German: stîgen

German Low German: stiegen

Old Dutch: stīgan
Middle Dutch: stigen
Dutch: stijgen
Limburgish: stiege

Old High German: stīgan

Middle High German: stīgen

German: steigen

Hunsrik: steie

Luxembourgish: steigen

Yiddish: שטײַגן (shtaygn)


rihtijan

rihtijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
rihtijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
rihtijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
rihtijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
rihtiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
rihtidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
rihtisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
rihtidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rihtidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rihtiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
rihtidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rihtidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rihtijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
rihtidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
rihtiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
rihtidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
rihtijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
rihtidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
rihtijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
rihtidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
rihtijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
rihtidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rihtijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
rihtidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rihtijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
rihtidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
rihtijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
rihtidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
rihtijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
rihtidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
rihti (class-1 present singular weak)
rihtiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
rihtijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
rihtid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: rihtan, rehtan, ryhtan

desc

Middle English: riȝten, righten, reghten

English: right

Old Frisian: riuchta

Old Saxon: rihtian

Middle Low German: richten

Low German: richten

Old Dutch: rihten

Middle Dutch: richten

Dutch: richten

Afrikaans: rig

Limburgish: richte

Old High German: rihten

Middle High German: richten

German: richten

Luxembourgish: riichten

From Proto-Germanic *rihtijaną. Equivalent to *reht (“straight”) + *-jan.


garihtijan

garihtijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
garihtijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
garihtijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
garihtijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
garihtiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
garihtidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
garihtisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
garihtidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
garihtidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
garihtiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
garihtidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
garihtidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
garihtijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
garihtidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
garihtiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
garihtidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
garihtijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
garihtidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
garihtijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
garihtidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
garihtijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
garihtidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
garihtijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
garihtidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
garihtijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
garihtidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
garihtijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
garihtidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
garihtijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
garihtidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
garihti (class-1 present singular weak)
garihtiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
garihtijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
garihtid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: ġerihtan, ġeryhtan
Middle English: ȝerihten, iriȝten, arighten
English: aright

Old Saxon: girihtian

Old Dutch: girihten

Middle Dutch: gerechten

Dutch: gerechten

Old High German: girihten

From Proto-Germanic *garihtijaną. Equivalent to *ga- + *rihtijan.


wihti

wihti (nominative singular)
wihtī (nominative plural)
wihti (accusative singular)
wihtī (accusative plural)
wihtī (genitive singular)
wihtijō (genitive plural)
wihtī (dative singular)
wihtim (dative plural)
wihtijum (dative plural)
wihtī (instrumental singular)
wihtim (instrumental plural)
wihtijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wiht
Middle English: wight, wiȝt
English: wight, whit
Scots: wicht, wycht

Old Frisian: *wet (in compounds)

Saterland Frisian: nit

Old Saxon: wiht
Middle Low German: wicht, wucht
German Low German: Wicht
Dutch Low Saxon: wicht
Westphalian:
Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Wicht
Sauerländisch: Weyht
Westmünsterländisch: Wicht

Old Dutch: wiht

Middle Dutch: wicht

Dutch: wicht

Afrikaans: wig

Old High German: wiht

Middle High German: wicht

German: Wicht


wihti

Old English: wihte

Old English: wiht
Middle English: weght, weghte, weighte, weihte, weit, wighte
English: weight
Scots: wecht, weicht
Yola: waaight

Old Frisian: wicht, wichte

North Frisian: wecht

Saterland Frisian: Wächte

Old Saxon: *wiht, *wihti

Middle Low German: wicht, wichte

Low German: Wicht, Wucht

→ German: Wucht

Plautdietsch: Wicht

→ Danish: vægt

Norwegian: vekt

→ German: Wicht

→ Swedish: vikt

Old Dutch: *wiht

Middle Dutch: wicht, wichte

Dutch: wicht

Old High German: *wihti

Middle High German: wiht


bilīban

bilīban (infinitive)
bilībannjas (genitive infinitive)
bilībannjē (dative infinitive)
bilībannju (infinitive instrumental)
bilību (first-person present singular)
bilaib (first-person past singular)
bilībiʀi (present second-person singular)
bilibī (past second-person singular)
bilībidi (present singular third-person)
bilaib (past singular third-person)
bilībum (first-person plural present)
bilibum (first-person past plural)
bilībid (plural present second-person)
bilibud (past plural second-person)
bilīband (plural present third-person)
bilibun (past plural third-person)
bilībē (first-person present singular)
bilibī (first-person past singular)
bilībēs (present second-person singular)
bilībē (present singular third-person)
bilibī (past singular third-person)
bilībēm (first-person plural present)
bilibīm (first-person past plural)
bilībēþ (plural present second-person)
bilibīd (past plural second-person)
bilībēn (plural present third-person)
bilibīn (past plural third-person)
bilīb (present singular)
bilībid (plural present)
bilībandī (participle present)
biliban (participle past)

Old English: belīfan
Middle English: beliven
English: belive, blive, belave
Scots: beleve, beleif

Old Frisian: bilīva, blīva

North Frisian: bliwe, bliiw bläwe

Saterland Frisian: blieuwe

West Frisian: bliuwe

Old Saxon: bilīvan, bilīƀan, bilīvian, bilīƀian
Middle Low German: blîven
Low German: blieven
Plautdietsch: bliewen
→ Faroese: blíva
→ Icelandic: blífa
→ Norwegian: blive, bli
→ Swedish: bliva, bli
→ Danish: blive

Old Dutch: blīvan
Middle Dutch: bliven
Dutch: blijven
Afrikaans: bly
Javindo: belijf
Jersey Dutch: blāive
Negerhollands: bliev, blief, bli
Limburgish: blieve
Zealandic: bluve

Old High German: bilīban

Middle High German: belīben, blīben

Alemannic German: bliibe

Cimbrian: bolàiban

Central Franconian:

Kölsch: blieve

Hunsrik: bleive

Luxembourgish: bleiwen

German: bleiben

Vilamovian: błajn

Yiddish: בלײַבן (blaybn)


biskīnan

biskīnan (infinitive)
biskīnannjas (genitive infinitive)
biskīnannjē (dative infinitive)
biskīnannju (infinitive instrumental)
biskīnu (first-person present singular)
biskain (first-person past singular)
biskīniʀi (present second-person singular)
biskinī (past second-person singular)
biskīnidi (present singular third-person)
biskain (past singular third-person)
biskīnum (first-person plural present)
biskinum (first-person past plural)
biskīnid (plural present second-person)
biskinud (past plural second-person)
biskīnand (plural present third-person)
biskinun (past plural third-person)
biskīnē (first-person present singular)
biskinī (first-person past singular)
biskīnēs (present second-person singular)
biskīnē (present singular third-person)
biskinī (past singular third-person)
biskīnēm (first-person plural present)
biskinīm (first-person past plural)
biskīnēþ (plural present second-person)
biskinīd (past plural second-person)
biskīnēn (plural present third-person)
biskinīn (past plural third-person)
biskīn (present singular)
biskīnid (plural present)
biskīnandī (participle present)
biskinan (participle past)

Old English: besċīnan

Middle English: beschinen, beshinen

English: beshine

Old Frisian: biskīna

Saterland Frisian: beskiene

West Frisian: beskine

Old Saxon: *biskīnan

Middle Low German: beschînen

German Low German: beschienen

Plautdietsch: beschienen

Old Dutch: *biskīnan

Middle Dutch: beschinen

Dutch: beschijnen

Old High German: biskīnan

Middle High German: beschīnen

German: bescheinen

From Proto-Germanic *biskīnaną. Equivalent to *bi- + *skīnan.


dīkan

dīkan (infinitive)
dīkannjas (genitive infinitive)
dīkannjē (dative infinitive)
dīkannju (infinitive instrumental)
dīku (first-person present singular)
daik (first-person past singular)
dīkiʀi (present second-person singular)
dikī (past second-person singular)
dīkidi (present singular third-person)
daik (past singular third-person)
dīkum (first-person plural present)
dikum (first-person past plural)
dīkid (plural present second-person)
dikud (past plural second-person)
dīkand (plural present third-person)
dikun (past plural third-person)
dīkē (first-person present singular)
dikī (first-person past singular)
dīkēs (present second-person singular)
dīkē (present singular third-person)
dikī (past singular third-person)
dīkēm (first-person plural present)
dikīm (first-person past plural)
dīkēþ (plural present second-person)
dikīd (past plural second-person)
dīkēn (plural present third-person)
dikīn (past plural third-person)
dīk (present singular)
dīkid (plural present)
dīkandī (participle present)
dikan (participle past)

Old Saxon: *dīkan

Middle Low German: dîken

Old Dutch: *dīcan

Middle Dutch: diken

Old High German: *tīhhan

Middle High German: tīchen


drītan

drītan (infinitive)
drītannjas (genitive infinitive)
drītannjē (dative infinitive)
drītannju (infinitive instrumental)
drītu (first-person present singular)
drait (first-person past singular)
drītiʀi (present second-person singular)
dritī (past second-person singular)
drītidi (present singular third-person)
drait (past singular third-person)
drītum (first-person plural present)
dritum (first-person past plural)
drītid (plural present second-person)
dritud (past plural second-person)
drītand (plural present third-person)
dritun (past plural third-person)
drītē (first-person present singular)
dritī (first-person past singular)
drītēs (present second-person singular)
drītē (present singular third-person)
dritī (past singular third-person)
drītēm (first-person plural present)
dritīm (first-person past plural)
drītēþ (plural present second-person)
dritīd (past plural second-person)
drītēn (plural present third-person)
dritīn (past plural third-person)
drīt (present singular)
drītid (plural present)
drītandī (participle present)
dritan (participle past)

Old English: drītan

Middle English: driten

Scots: drite

English: drite

Old Frisian: drīta

Old Saxon: *drītan

Middle Low German: drîten

Low German: drieten

Old Dutch: *drītan
Middle Dutch: driten
Dutch: drijten

Old High German: trīzan; *drīzan

Central Franconian: drieße


fīsan

fīsan (infinitive)
fīsannjas (genitive infinitive)
fīsannjē (dative infinitive)
fīsannju (infinitive instrumental)
fīsu (first-person present singular)
fais (first-person past singular)
fīsiʀi (present second-person singular)
fiʀī (past second-person singular)
fīsidi (present singular third-person)
fais (past singular third-person)
fīsum (first-person plural present)
fiʀum (first-person past plural)
fīsid (plural present second-person)
fiʀud (past plural second-person)
fīsand (plural present third-person)
fiʀun (past plural third-person)
fīsē (first-person present singular)
fiʀī (first-person past singular)
fīsēs (present second-person singular)
fīsē (present singular third-person)
fiʀī (past singular third-person)
fīsēm (first-person plural present)
fiʀīm (first-person past plural)
fīsēþ (plural present second-person)
fiʀīd (past plural second-person)
fīsēn (plural present third-person)
fiʀīn (past plural third-person)
fīs (present singular)
fīsid (plural present)
fīsandī (participle present)
fiʀan (participle past)

Old High German: *fīsan

Middle High German: vīsen


fradrīban

fradrīban (infinitive)
fradrībannjas (genitive infinitive)
fradrībannjē (dative infinitive)
fradrībannju (infinitive instrumental)
fradrību (first-person present singular)
fradraib (first-person past singular)
fradrībiʀi (present second-person singular)
fradribī (past second-person singular)
fradrībidi (present singular third-person)
fradraib (past singular third-person)
fradrībum (first-person plural present)
fradribum (first-person past plural)
fradrībid (plural present second-person)
fradribud (past plural second-person)
fradrīband (plural present third-person)
fradribun (past plural third-person)
fradrībē (first-person present singular)
fradribī (first-person past singular)
fradrībēs (present second-person singular)
fradrībē (present singular third-person)
fradribī (past singular third-person)
fradrībēm (first-person plural present)
fradribīm (first-person past plural)
fradrībēþ (plural present second-person)
fradribīd (past plural second-person)
fradrībēn (plural present third-person)
fradribīn (past plural third-person)
fradrīb (present singular)
fradrībid (plural present)
fradrībandī (participle present)
fradriban (participle past)

Old English: fordrīfan

Middle English: fordriven

English: fordrive

Old Frisian: fordrīva

Saterland Frisian: ferdrieuwe

West Frisian: ferdriuwe

Old Saxon: fardrīvan

Middle Low German: vordriven

German Low German: verdrieven

Dutch Low Saxon: verdrieven

→ Old Danish: fordriffue

→ Danish: fordrive

→ Old Swedish: fordriva

Swedish: fördriva

→ Elfdalian: fedraiva

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: fordrive

Norwegian Nynorsk: fordriva, fordrive

Old Dutch: fardrīvan

Middle Dutch: verdriven

Dutch: verdrijven

Afrikaans: verdryf

Limburgish: verdrieve

Old High German: firtrīban

Middle High German: vertrīben

German: vertreiben

Alemannic German: vertriibe

From Proto-Germanic *fradrībaną. Equivalent to *fra- + *drīban.


wītan

wītan (infinitive)
wītannjas (genitive infinitive)
wītannjē (dative infinitive)
wītannju (infinitive instrumental)
wītu (first-person present singular)
wait (first-person past singular)
wītiʀi (present second-person singular)
witī (past second-person singular)
wītidi (present singular third-person)
wait (past singular third-person)
wītum (first-person plural present)
witum (first-person past plural)
wītid (plural present second-person)
witud (past plural second-person)
wītand (plural present third-person)
witun (past plural third-person)
wītē (first-person present singular)
witī (first-person past singular)
wītēs (present second-person singular)
wītē (present singular third-person)
witī (past singular third-person)
wītēm (first-person plural present)
witīm (first-person past plural)
wītēþ (plural present second-person)
witīd (past plural second-person)
wītēn (plural present third-person)
witīn (past plural third-person)
wīt (present singular)
wītid (plural present)
wītandī (participle present)
witan (participle past)

Old English: wītan

Middle English: wīten, wyten

Scots: wyte

English: wite

Old Frisian: wīta

Saterland Frisian: wiete

Old Saxon: wītan

Middle Low German: wīten

Old Dutch: wītan

Middle Dutch: witen
Dutch: wijten
Afrikaans: wyt
Limburgish: wiete

Old High German: wīzan, wīzzan

Middle High German: wīzen

German: weisen

→ German Low German: wiesen

→ Old French: *guider, guier (also possibly from Gothic)

Middle French: guider

French: guider

→ Middle English: guiden, giden, gyden; guien, gien, gyen

English: guide; guy

→ Occitan: guidar, guizar

→ Italian: guidare

→ Spanish: guiar

→ Portuguese: guiar


frawītan

frawītan (infinitive)
frawītannjas (genitive infinitive)
frawītannjē (dative infinitive)
frawītannju (infinitive instrumental)
frawītu (first-person present singular)
frawait (first-person past singular)
frawītiʀi (present second-person singular)
frawitī (past second-person singular)
frawītidi (present singular third-person)
frawait (past singular third-person)
frawītum (first-person plural present)
frawitum (first-person past plural)
frawītid (plural present second-person)
frawitud (past plural second-person)
frawītand (plural present third-person)
frawitun (past plural third-person)
frawītē (first-person present singular)
frawitī (first-person past singular)
frawītēs (present second-person singular)
frawītē (present singular third-person)
frawitī (past singular third-person)
frawītēm (first-person plural present)
frawitīm (first-person past plural)
frawītēþ (plural present second-person)
frawitīd (past plural second-person)
frawītēn (plural present third-person)
frawitīn (past plural third-person)
frawīt (present singular)
frawītid (plural present)
frawītandī (participle present)
frawitan (participle past)

Old Frisian: forwīta

Saterland Frisian: ferwiete

Old Saxon: *farwītan

Middle Low German: vorwîten

German Low German: verwieten

Old Dutch: farwītan

Middle Dutch: verwiten

Dutch: verwijten

Old High German: firwīzan

Middle High German: verwīzen

German: verweisen (partially)

From Proto-Germanic *frawītaną. Equivalent to *fra- + *wītan.


gīnan

gīnan (infinitive)
gīnannjas (genitive infinitive)
gīnannjē (dative infinitive)
gīnannju (infinitive instrumental)
gīnu (first-person present singular)
gain (first-person past singular)
gīniʀi (present second-person singular)
ginī (past second-person singular)
gīnidi (present singular third-person)
gain (past singular third-person)
gīnum (first-person plural present)
ginum (first-person past plural)
gīnid (plural present second-person)
ginud (past plural second-person)
gīnand (plural present third-person)
ginun (past plural third-person)
gīnē (first-person present singular)
ginī (first-person past singular)
gīnēs (present second-person singular)
gīnē (present singular third-person)
ginī (past singular third-person)
gīnēm (first-person plural present)
ginīm (first-person past plural)
gīnēþ (plural present second-person)
ginīd (past plural second-person)
gīnēn (plural present third-person)
ginīn (past plural third-person)
gīn (present singular)
gīnid (plural present)
gīnandī (participle present)
ginan (participle past)

Old English: ġīnan

Old Saxon: gīnan


glīman

glīman (infinitive)
glīmannjas (genitive infinitive)
glīmannjē (dative infinitive)
glīmannju (infinitive instrumental)
glīmu (first-person present singular)
glaim (first-person past singular)
glīmiʀi (present second-person singular)
glimī (past second-person singular)
glīmidi (present singular third-person)
glaim (past singular third-person)
glīmum (first-person plural present)
glimum (first-person past plural)
glīmid (plural present second-person)
glimud (past plural second-person)
glīmand (plural present third-person)
glimun (past plural third-person)
glīmē (first-person present singular)
glimī (first-person past singular)
glīmēs (present second-person singular)
glīmē (present singular third-person)
glimī (past singular third-person)
glīmēm (first-person plural present)
glimīm (first-person past plural)
glīmēþ (plural present second-person)
glimīd (past plural second-person)
glīmēn (plural present third-person)
glimīn (past plural third-person)
glīm (present singular)
glīmid (plural present)
glīmandī (participle present)
gliman (participle past)

Old High German: *glīman

Middle High German: glīmen


glītan

glītan (infinitive)
glītannjas (genitive infinitive)
glītannjē (dative infinitive)
glītannju (infinitive instrumental)
glītu (first-person present singular)
glait (first-person past singular)
glītiʀi (present second-person singular)
glitī (past second-person singular)
glītidi (present singular third-person)
glait (past singular third-person)
glītum (first-person plural present)
glitum (first-person past plural)
glītid (plural present second-person)
glitud (past plural second-person)
glītand (plural present third-person)
glitun (past plural third-person)
glītē (first-person present singular)
glitī (first-person past singular)
glītēs (present second-person singular)
glītē (present singular third-person)
glitī (past singular third-person)
glītēm (first-person plural present)
glitīm (first-person past plural)
glītēþ (plural present second-person)
glitīd (past plural second-person)
glītēn (plural present third-person)
glitīn (past plural third-person)
glīt (present singular)
glītid (plural present)
glītandī (participle present)
glitan (participle past)

Old Saxon: glītan

Old High German: glīzan

German: gleißen


grīnan

grīnan (infinitive)
grīnannjas (genitive infinitive)
grīnannjē (dative infinitive)
grīnannju (infinitive instrumental)
grīnu (first-person present singular)
grain (first-person past singular)
grīniʀi (present second-person singular)
grinī (past second-person singular)
grīnidi (present singular third-person)
grain (past singular third-person)
grīnum (first-person plural present)
grinum (first-person past plural)
grīnid (plural present second-person)
grinud (past plural second-person)
grīnand (plural present third-person)
grinun (past plural third-person)
grīnē (first-person present singular)
grinī (first-person past singular)
grīnēs (present second-person singular)
grīnē (present singular third-person)
grinī (past singular third-person)
grīnēm (first-person plural present)
grinīm (first-person past plural)
grīnēþ (plural present second-person)
grinīd (past plural second-person)
grīnēn (plural present third-person)
grinīn (past plural third-person)
grīn (present singular)
grīnid (plural present)
grīnandī (participle present)
grinan (participle past)

Old Saxon: *grīnan

Middle Low German: grînen

German Low German: grienen

→ German: grienen

→ Dutch: grienen

Old Dutch: *grīnan

Middle Dutch: grinen

Dutch: grijnen (obsolete)

Limburgish: griene

Old High German: grīnan

Middle High German: grīnen

Alemannic German: griine

German: greinen

Luxembourgish: gréngen


hnīpan

hnīpan (infinitive)
hnīpannjas (genitive infinitive)
hnīpannjē (dative infinitive)
hnīpannju (infinitive instrumental)
hnīpu (first-person present singular)
hnaip (first-person past singular)
hnīpiʀi (present second-person singular)
hnipī (past second-person singular)
hnīpidi (present singular third-person)
hnaip (past singular third-person)
hnīpum (first-person plural present)
hnipum (first-person past plural)
hnīpid (plural present second-person)
hnipud (past plural second-person)
hnīpand (plural present third-person)
hnipun (past plural third-person)
hnīpē (first-person present singular)
hnipī (first-person past singular)
hnīpēs (present second-person singular)
hnīpē (present singular third-person)
hnipī (past singular third-person)
hnīpēm (first-person plural present)
hnipīm (first-person past plural)
hnīpēþ (plural present second-person)
hnipīd (past plural second-person)
hnīpēn (plural present third-person)
hnipīn (past plural third-person)
hnīp (present singular)
hnīpid (plural present)
hnīpandī (participle present)
hnipan (participle past)

Old Saxon: *hnīpan

Middle Low German: nîpen

Old Dutch: *nīpen

Middle Dutch: nipen

Dutch: nijpen


hnītan

hnītan (infinitive)
hnītannjas (genitive infinitive)
hnītannjē (dative infinitive)
hnītannju (infinitive instrumental)
hnītu (first-person present singular)
hnait (first-person past singular)
hnītiʀi (present second-person singular)
hnitī (past second-person singular)
hnītidi (present singular third-person)
hnait (past singular third-person)
hnītum (first-person plural present)
hnitum (first-person past plural)
hnītid (plural present second-person)
hnitud (past plural second-person)
hnītand (plural present third-person)
hnitun (past plural third-person)
hnītē (first-person present singular)
hnitī (first-person past singular)
hnītēs (present second-person singular)
hnītē (present singular third-person)
hnitī (past singular third-person)
hnītēm (first-person plural present)
hnitīm (first-person past plural)
hnītēþ (plural present second-person)
hnitīd (past plural second-person)
hnītēn (plural present third-person)
hnitīn (past plural third-person)
hnīt (present singular)
hnītid (plural present)
hnītandī (participle present)
hnitan (participle past)

Old English: hnītan
Middle English: *niten, *nyten
Scots: noit, knoit, note
→ English: note

Old Frisian: *hnīta

⇒ West Frisian: nytsje

Old Saxon: *hnītan
Middle Low German: nîten
German Low German: nieten
→ German: nieten
→ Danish: nitte
⇒ Old Saxon: ofhnītan

Old Dutch: *nītan
Middle Dutch: *niten
Dutch: nijten (dialectal)


hrīnan

hrīnan (infinitive)
hrīnannjas (genitive infinitive)
hrīnannjē (dative infinitive)
hrīnannju (infinitive instrumental)
hrīnu (first-person present singular)
hrain (first-person past singular)
hrīniʀi (present second-person singular)
hrinī (past second-person singular)
hrīnidi (present singular third-person)
hrain (past singular third-person)
hrīnum (first-person plural present)
hrinum (first-person past plural)
hrīnid (plural present second-person)
hrinud (past plural second-person)
hrīnand (plural present third-person)
hrinun (past plural third-person)
hrīnē (first-person present singular)
hrinī (first-person past singular)
hrīnēs (present second-person singular)
hrīnē (present singular third-person)
hrinī (past singular third-person)
hrīnēm (first-person plural present)
hrinīm (first-person past plural)
hrīnēþ (plural present second-person)
hrinīd (past plural second-person)
hrīnēn (plural present third-person)
hrinīn (past plural third-person)
hrīn (present singular)
hrīnid (plural present)
hrīnandī (participle present)
hrinan (participle past)

Old English: hrīnan

Middle English: rinen

Scots: rin

English: rine

Old Saxon: hrīnan

Old Dutch: *rīnan
Middle Dutch: rinen

Old High German: hrīnan, rīnan


kīkan

kīkan (infinitive)
kīkannjas (genitive infinitive)
kīkannjē (dative infinitive)
kīkannju (infinitive instrumental)
kīku (first-person present singular)
kaik (first-person past singular)
kīkiʀi (present second-person singular)
kikī (past second-person singular)
kīkidi (present singular third-person)
kaik (past singular third-person)
kīkum (first-person plural present)
kikum (first-person past plural)
kīkid (plural present second-person)
kikud (past plural second-person)
kīkand (plural present third-person)
kikun (past plural third-person)
kīkē (first-person present singular)
kikī (first-person past singular)
kīkēs (present second-person singular)
kīkē (present singular third-person)
kikī (past singular third-person)
kīkēm (first-person plural present)
kikīm (first-person past plural)
kīkēþ (plural present second-person)
kikīd (past plural second-person)
kīkēn (plural present third-person)
kikīn (past plural third-person)
kīk (present singular)
kīkid (plural present)
kīkandī (participle present)
kikan (participle past)

⇒ Old Frisian: *kīkia

West Frisian: kytse

Saterland Frisian: kiekje

Old Saxon: kīkan

Middle Low German: kîken

Low German: kieken

→ Dutch: kieken

Plautdietsch: kjikjen

→ Middle English: kiken, keken, kyken

Scots: keek

English: keek

→ German: kieken

→ Icelandic: kíkja

→ Faroese: kika

→ Norn: kika

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kika, kikka

→ Norwegian Bokmål: kike

→ Swedish: kika

→ Finnish: tsiigata

→ Danish: kigge, kikke, kige (dialect)

Norwegian Bokmål: kikke

→ Gutnish: keike, keik', keika

Old Dutch: *kīcan

Middle Dutch: kiken

Dutch: kijken

Afrikaans: kyk


klīban

klīban (infinitive)
klībannjas (genitive infinitive)
klībannjē (dative infinitive)
klībannju (infinitive instrumental)
klību (first-person present singular)
klaib (first-person past singular)
klībiʀi (present second-person singular)
klibī (past second-person singular)
klībidi (present singular third-person)
klaib (past singular third-person)
klībum (first-person plural present)
klibum (first-person past plural)
klībid (plural present second-person)
klibud (past plural second-person)
klīband (plural present third-person)
klibun (past plural third-person)
klībē (first-person present singular)
klibī (first-person past singular)
klībēs (present second-person singular)
klībē (present singular third-person)
klibī (past singular third-person)
klībēm (first-person plural present)
klibīm (first-person past plural)
klībēþ (plural present second-person)
klibīd (past plural second-person)
klībēn (plural present third-person)
klibīn (past plural third-person)
klīb (present singular)
klībid (plural present)
klībandī (participle present)
kliban (participle past)

Old English: clīfan

Middle English: cleven (conflated with *klibēn)

English: cleave

Scots: cleve, cleif

gl

merged with Old Norse <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">klífa</i>

Middle English: cliven, clyven (merged with Old Norse klífa)

English: clive

Old Frisian: klīva

⇒ West Frisian: kleve (weak verb)

Old Saxon: *klīban, *klīvan

Middle Low German: klîven

German Low German: klieven

desctree

Old Dutch: *clīvan
Middle Dutch: cliven
Dutch: klijven

Old High German: klīban

Middle High German: klīben

German: kleiben (archaic)


knīpan

knīpan (infinitive)
knīpannjas (genitive infinitive)
knīpannjē (dative infinitive)
knīpannju (infinitive instrumental)
knīpu (first-person present singular)
knaip (first-person past singular)
knīpiʀi (present second-person singular)
knipī (past second-person singular)
knīpidi (present singular third-person)
knaip (past singular third-person)
knīpum (first-person plural present)
knipum (first-person past plural)
knīpid (plural present second-person)
knipud (past plural second-person)
knīpand (plural present third-person)
knipun (past plural third-person)
knīpē (first-person present singular)
knipī (first-person past singular)
knīpēs (present second-person singular)
knīpē (present singular third-person)
knipī (past singular third-person)
knīpēm (first-person plural present)
knipīm (first-person past plural)
knīpēþ (plural present second-person)
knipīd (past plural second-person)
knīpēn (plural present third-person)
knipīn (past plural third-person)
knīp (present singular)
knīpid (plural present)
knīpandī (participle present)
knipan (participle past)

Old Frisian: *knīpa

Saterland Frisian: kniepe

West Frisian: knipe

⇒ West Frisian: knypje

Old Saxon: *knīpan

Middle Low German: knîpen

German Low German: kniepen

→ German: kniepen

q

attested in <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmh">knīpzange</i>

→ Middle High German: *knīpen (attested in knīpzange)

German: kneipen

⇒ German: kneifen

Yiddish: קנײַפּן (knaypn)

→ Swedish: knipa

Old Dutch: *cnīpan

Middle Dutch: knîpen

Dutch: knijpen

Afrikaans: knyp

Limburgish: kniepe

→? Central Franconian: kniepe, kneipe

Luxembourgish: knäipen

desc

→? Middle English: *knipen, *knippen, nippen

English: nip, knipe (dialectal)

Scots: knipe, knip, nipe, nip


krīgan

krīgan (infinitive)
krīgannjas (genitive infinitive)
krīgannjē (dative infinitive)
krīgannju (infinitive instrumental)
krīgu (first-person present singular)
kraig (first-person past singular)
krīgiʀi (present second-person singular)
krigī (past second-person singular)
krīgidi (present singular third-person)
kraig (past singular third-person)
krīgum (first-person plural present)
krigum (first-person past plural)
krīgid (plural present second-person)
krigud (past plural second-person)
krīgand (plural present third-person)
krigun (past plural third-person)
krīgē (first-person present singular)
krigī (first-person past singular)
krīgēs (present second-person singular)
krīgē (present singular third-person)
krigī (past singular third-person)
krīgēm (first-person plural present)
krigīm (first-person past plural)
krīgēþ (plural present second-person)
krigīd (past plural second-person)
krīgēn (plural present third-person)
krigīn (past plural third-person)
krīg (present singular)
krīgid (plural present)
krīgandī (participle present)
krigan (participle past)

Old Frisian: krīga, krīa; (krīgia)

Saterland Frisian: kriege

West Frisian: krije

Old Saxon: *krīgan

Middle Low German: krîgen

German Low German: kriegen

desctree

Old Dutch: *crīgan
Middle Dutch: crigen
Dutch: krijgen
Afrikaans: kry
Limburgish: kriege

Old High German: *krīgan; *krīgēn

Middle High German: krīgen (northern); kriegen (?)

Central Franconian: krijje

German: kriegen (?)

Yiddish: קריגן (krign)

From Proto-Germanic *krīganą, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷrih₂-gʰo-, a suffixed extended form of *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”), see also Latin gravis, Ancient Greek βαρύς (barús), Sanskrit गुरु (gurú).