kupprīn

kupprīn (masculine nominative singular)
kupprīnu (feminine nominative singular)
kupprīn (neuter nominative singular)
kupprīnanā (accusative masculine singular)
kupprīnā (accusative feminine singular)
kupprīn (accusative neuter singular)
kupprīnas (genitive masculine singular)
kupprīneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
kupprīnas (genitive neuter singular)
kupprīnumē (dative masculine singular)
kupprīneʀē (dative feminine singular)
kupprīnumē (dative neuter singular)
kupprīnu (instrumental masculine singular)
kupprīneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
kupprīnu (instrumental neuter singular)
kupprīnē (masculine nominative plural)
kupprīnō (feminine nominative plural)
kupprīnu (neuter nominative plural)
kupprīnā (accusative masculine plural)
kupprīnā (accusative feminine plural)
kupprīnu (accusative neuter plural)
kupprīneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
kupprīneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
kupprīneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
kupprīnēm (dative masculine plural)
kupprīnum (dative masculine plural)
kupprīnēm (dative feminine plural)
kupprīnum (dative feminine plural)
kupprīnēm (dative neuter plural)
kupprīnum (dative neuter plural)
kupprīnēm (instrumental masculine plural)
kupprīnum (instrumental masculine plural)
kupprīnēm (feminine instrumental plural)
kupprīnum (feminine instrumental plural)
kupprīnēm (instrumental neuter plural)
kupprīnum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: cypren, cyperen
Middle English: copren, copryn, copron
English: coppern

Old Saxon: *kupperīn, *kuprīn

desc

Middle Low German: kuppern, kupperen, koppern, kopperen, kōperen

German Low German: kopern

Old Dutch: *kuppirīn, *kuprīn

Middle Dutch: coprin, coperin, copren

Dutch: koperen

Old High German: *kupfirīn

Middle High German: kupferīn, küpferīn, köpferīn

German: kupfern

From *kopr (“copper”) + *-īn (adjective suffix). Compare Latin cyprīnus (“made of copper”).


kūmijan

kūmijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
kūmijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
kūmijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
kūmijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
kūmiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
kūmidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
kūmisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
kūmidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kūmidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kūmiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
kūmidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kūmidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kūmijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
kūmidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
kūmiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
kūmidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
kūmijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
kūmidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
kūmijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
kūmidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
kūmijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
kūmidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kūmijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
kūmidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kūmijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
kūmidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
kūmijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
kūmidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
kūmijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
kūmidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
kūmi (class-1 present singular weak)
kūmiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
kūmijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
kūmid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: kūmian

Old Dutch: *kūmen

desctree

Middle Dutch: cumen
Dutch: kuimen
Limburgish: kume

Old High German: kūmen

Middle High German: kūmen

German: käumen (dialectal)

From *kūmu (“lamentation, complaint”) + *-jan.


taddjan

taddjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
taddjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
taddjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
taddjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
taddju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
taddā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tadisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
taddēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
taddōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tadiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
taddē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
taddā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
taddjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
taddum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tadiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
taddud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
taddjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
taddun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
taddjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
taddī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
taddjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
taddī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
taddjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
taddī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
taddjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
taddīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
taddjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
taddīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
taddjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
taddīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tadi (class-1 present singular weak)
tadiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
taddjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
tadd (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *teddan

desctree

Middle English: tedden, tedde
English: ted
Scots: ted

Old Dutch: *tedden

Middle Dutch: tedden

Old High German: zetten

Middle High German: zetten

German: zetten

⇒ German: zetteln

From Proto-Germanic *tadjaną. Equivalent to *tad (“that which is strewn, droppings, dung”) + *-jan.


tinsijan

tinsijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
tinsijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
tinsijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
tinsijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
tinsiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tinsidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tinsisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tinsidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tinsidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tinsiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tinsidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tinsidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tinsijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tinsidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tinsiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tinsidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tinsijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tinsidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tinsijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tinsidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tinsijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tinsidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tinsijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tinsidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tinsijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tinsidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tinsijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tinsidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tinsijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tinsidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tinsi (class-1 present singular weak)
tinsiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
tinsijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
tinsid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *tinsian

Middle Low German: tinsen

Old Dutch: *tinsen, *tīnsen

Middle Dutch: tinsen, tindsen, tijnsen

Old High German: zinsen

Middle High German: zinsen

German: zinsen (obsolete)

From *tins (“tax, levy, customs”) + *-jan. Which is borrowed from census.


wiþmijan

wiþmijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
wiþmijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
wiþmijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
wiþmijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
wiþmiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wiþmidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wiþmisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wiþmidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wiþmidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wiþmiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wiþmidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wiþmidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wiþmijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wiþmidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wiþmiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wiþmidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wiþmijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wiþmidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wiþmijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wiþmidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wiþmijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wiþmidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wiþmijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wiþmidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wiþmijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wiþmidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wiþmijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wiþmidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wiþmijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wiþmidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wiþmi (class-1 present singular weak)
wiþmiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
wiþmijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
wiþmid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *withmian

Middle Low German: wēdemen, wedemen

Old Dutch: *withmen

Middle Dutch: wedemen

Old High German: widamen

Middle High German: widemen

German: widmen

From *weþmō ~ *witini (“dowry, bride price”) + *-jan.


obanā

Old English: ufan, ufane

Middle English: uven

Old Frisian: ova, with -pp- uppa, oppa (also uppe, oppe, but these might be from *uppai instead)

Old Saxon: ovan, ovana, with -pp- uppan

Old Dutch: uppan (with -pp-)

desctree

Old High German: obana, ūfana, *ovana
Middle High German: oben, obene, *oven
Alemannic German: obe
Swabian: oba
Bavarian: obn, om, oum, uom
German: oben
Luxembourgish: uewen
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: owe
Rhine Franconian: owen, owe, uwe
Pennsylvania German: owwe
Vilamovian: uwa
Yiddish: אויבן (oybn)

From Proto-Germanic *ubanē. Equivalent to *ob (“under”) + *-anā (ablative adverb suffix).


biobanā

desctree

Old English: bufan
Middle English: boven, bove

⇒ Old English: ābufan, onbufan
Middle English: aboven, above, abuven
English: above, aboon
⇒? English: bove
Scots: abuin, abune, abane, abeen, abine, abin, abeun, abön (Northern Isles), aboon (literary)
Yola: aboo

Old Frisian: bova

desc

influenced by <i class="Latn mention" lang="ofs">oppe</i>

West Frisian: boppe (influenced by oppe)

Old Saxon: bioban, *biobana

Middle Low German: bōven, bōvene

Low German: baven, boven

→ Polabian: boven

Old Dutch: *biovan, *bovan

Middle Dutch: boven

desctree

Dutch: boven
Afrikaans: bo
Berbice Creole Dutch: bofu
Javindo: bofen
Jersey Dutch: bôve
Negerhollands: boven, bovo, bobo, bu, bo

>? Old High German: *biobana, *biovana

desc

Middle High German: boben, bobene, boven (possibly borrowed or calqued from Middle Low German)

Rhine Franconian: bowen

cat

Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-anā


wārijan

wārijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
wārijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
wārijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
wārijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
wāriju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wāridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wārisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wāridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wāridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wāriþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wāridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wāridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wārijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wāridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wāriþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wāridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wārijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wāridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wārijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wāridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wārijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wāridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wārijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wāridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wārijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wāridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wārijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wāridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wārijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wāridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wāri (class-1 present singular weak)
wāriþ (class-1 plural present weak)
wārijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
wārid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: wǣran

Old Frisian: wēra

Old Saxon: *wārian

Middle Low German: wēren

Old Dutch: *wāren

Middle Dutch: wāren

Old High German: wāren

Middle High German: wæren

From Proto-Germanic *wērijaną. Equivalent to *wār (“true, reliable, friendly”) + *-jan.


brēfijan

brēfijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
brēfijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
brēfijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
brēfijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
brēfiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
brēfidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
brēfisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
brēfidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
brēfidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
brēfiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
brēfidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
brēfidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
brēfijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
brēfidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
brēfiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
brēfidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
brēfijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
brēfidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
brēfijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
brēfidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
brēfijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
brēfidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
brēfijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
brēfidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
brēfijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
brēfidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
brēfijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
brēfidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
brēfijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
brēfidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
brēfi (class-1 present singular weak)
brēfiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
brēfijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
brēfid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: brēfan

Middle English: breven

English: brief

Old Saxon: brēvian

Middle Low German: *brēven

⇒ Middle Low German: bebrēven

⇒ Middle Low German: vörbrēven

Old Dutch: *briefen

Middle Dutch: brieven

Dutch: brieven

Old High German: briefen, briefen

Middle High German: briefen, brieven

From *brēf (“letter, document”) + *-jan, which was borrowed from Late Latin brevis.


mussjan

mussjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
mussjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
mussjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
mussjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
mussju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
musidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
musisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
musidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
musidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
musiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
musidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
musidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
mussjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
musidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
musiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
musidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
mussjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
musidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
mussjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
musidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
mussjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
musidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
mussjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
musidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
mussjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
musidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
mussjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
musidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
mussjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
musidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
musi (class-1 present singular weak)
musiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
mussjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
musid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *mussian

⇒ Old Saxon: gimussian

Old Dutch: *mussen

Middle Dutch: mossen

Old High German: mussen

Middle High German: mösen, mosen

gl

attested in <i class="Latn mention" lang="goh">gimusit</i> (ppt)

⇒ Old High German: gimussen, gimusen (attested in gimusit (ppt))


rainijan

rainijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
rainijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
rainijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
rainijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
rainiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
rainidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
rainisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
rainidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rainidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rainiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
rainidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rainidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rainijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
rainidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
rainiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
rainidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
rainijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
rainidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
rainijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
rainidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
rainijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
rainidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rainijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
rainidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rainijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
rainidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
rainijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
rainidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
rainijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
rainidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
raini (class-1 present singular weak)
rainiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
rainijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
rainid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Dutch: *reinen, *rēnen

Middle Dutch: reinen, rênen

Dutch: reinen, renen (Southern dialectal)

Old High German: reinen

Middle High German: reinen

German: rainen (dialectal)

⇒ German: anrainen

From *rain (“border, edgepath”) + *-jan.


riudijan

riudijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
riudijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
riudijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
riudijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
riudiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
riudidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
riudisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
riudidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
riudidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
riudiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
riudidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
riudidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
riudijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
riudidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
riudiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
riudidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
riudijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
riudidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
riudijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
riudidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
riudijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
riudidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
riudijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
riudidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
riudijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
riudidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
riudijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
riudidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
riudijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
riudidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
riudi (class-1 present singular weak)
riudiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
riudijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
riudid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *riudian

Middle Low German: rūden

Old Dutch: *riuden

Middle Dutch: ruden

Dutch: ruien, ruiden

→ West Frisian: rúdzje

Old High German: riuten

desc

Middle High German: riuten, rūten, routen

German: reuten (dialectal)

Closely related to the strong verb *reudan.


flaiskijan

flaiskijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
flaiskijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
flaiskijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
flaiskijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
flaiskiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
flaiskidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
flaiskisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
flaiskidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
flaiskidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
flaiskiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
flaiskidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
flaiskidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
flaiskijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
flaiskidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
flaiskiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
flaiskidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
flaiskijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
flaiskidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
flaiskijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
flaiskidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
flaiskijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
flaiskidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
flaiskijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
flaiskidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
flaiskijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
flaiskidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
flaiskijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
flaiskidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
flaiskijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
flaiskidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
flaiski (class-1 present singular weak)
flaiskiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
flaiskijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
flaiskid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Dutch: *flēscen, *fleiscen

Middle Dutch: vlêeschen, vleischen

Dutch: vlezen (obsolete)

Old High German: fleisken, fleiscen

Middle High German: vleischen, vleisen, fleischen, fleisen

German: fleischen (obsolete)

⇒ German: zerfleischen


furbijan

furbijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
furbijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
furbijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
furbijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
furbiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
furbidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
furbisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
furbidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
furbidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
furbiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
furbidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
furbidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
furbijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
furbidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
furbiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
furbidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
furbijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
furbidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
furbijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
furbidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
furbijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
furbidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
furbijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
furbidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
furbijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
furbidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
furbijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
furbidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
furbijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
furbidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
furbi (class-1 present singular weak)
furbiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
furbijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
furbid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: furvian

Old High German: furben

Middle High German: vürben, vürwen, fürben, fürwen


brummijan

brummijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
brummijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
brummijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
brummijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
brummiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
brummidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
brummisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
brummidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
brummidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
brummiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
brummidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
brummidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
brummijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
brummidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
brummiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
brummidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
brummijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
brummidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
brummijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
brummidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
brummijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
brummidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
brummijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
brummidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
brummijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
brummidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
brummijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
brummidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
brummijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
brummidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
brummi (class-1 present singular weak)
brummiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
brummijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
brummid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *brymman (might be from *brimman instead)

Middle English: brimmen

English: brim

Old Frisian: *brimma (might be from *brimman instead)

West Frisian: brimme, brimje, brimkje

Old Saxon: *brummian

Middle Low German: brümmen

Old Dutch: *brummen

Middle Dutch: *brummen

Dutch: brummen, brunnen (obsolete or dialectal)

Old High German: brummen

Closely related to the strong verbs *breman and *brimman.


blikkjan

blikkjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
blikkjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
blikkjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
blikkjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
blikkju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
blikidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
blikisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
blikidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blikidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blikiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
blikidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blikidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blikkjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
blikidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
blikiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
blikidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
blikkjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
blikidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
blikkjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
blikidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
blikkjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
blikidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blikkjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
blikidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blikkjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
blikidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
blikkjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
blikidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
blikkjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
blikidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bliki (class-1 present singular weak)
blikiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
blikkjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
blikid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *blikkian

Middle Low German: blicken

Old Dutch: *blikken

Middle Dutch: blicken

Dutch: blikken

Old High German: blikken, blicken, blicchen

Middle High German: blicken

German: blicken


ārundijan

ārundijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
ārundijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
ārundijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
ārundijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
ārundiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
ārundidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
ārundisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
ārundidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
ārundidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
ārundiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
ārundidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
ārundidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
ārundijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
ārundidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
ārundiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
ārundidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
ārundijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
ārundidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
ārundijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
ārundidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
ārundijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
ārundidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
ārundijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
ārundidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
ārundijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
ārundidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
ārundijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
ārundidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
ārundijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
ārundidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
ārundi (class-1 present singular weak)
ārundiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
ārundijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
ārundid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *ārundian

⇒ Old Saxon: giārundid (ppt)

Old High German: ārunten

Middle High German: ernden (“to intercede for”)

⇒ Middle High German: ērendære, ērndære, ērnder, ernder (“message organiser, messenger, intercessor”)

From *ārundī (“message, errand”) + *-jan.


laudijan

laudijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
laudijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
laudijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
laudijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
laudiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
laudidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
laudisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
laudidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
laudidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
laudiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
laudidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
laudidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
laudijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
laudidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
laudiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
laudidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
laudijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
laudidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
laudijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
laudidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
laudijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
laudidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
laudijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
laudidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
laudijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
laudidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
laudijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
laudidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
laudijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
laudidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
laudi (class-1 present singular weak)
laudiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
laudijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
laudid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *līedan

Middle English: leden

English: lead

Old Frisian: *lēda

q

West Frisian: leadzje (the class 2 inflection is unexpected, possibly reshaped)

Old Saxon: *lōdian

Middle Low German: lȫden

Old Dutch: *lōden

Middle Dutch: lôden

Dutch: loden

Old High German: lōten

Middle High German: löten

German: löten


hlūttrijan

hlūttrijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hlūttrijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hlūttrijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hlūttrijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hlūttriju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hlūttridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hlūttrisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hlūttridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hlūttridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hlūttriþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hlūttridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hlūttridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hlūttrijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hlūttridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hlūttriþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hlūttridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hlūttrijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hlūttridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hlūttrijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hlūttridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hlūttrijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hlūttridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hlūttrijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hlūttridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hlūttrijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hlūttridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hlūttrijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hlūttridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hlūttrijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hlūttridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hlūttri (class-1 present singular weak)
hlūttriþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hlūttrijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hlūttrid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *hluttrian

Middle Low German: lütteren, lutteren

Old Dutch: lūteren, lutteren

Middle Dutch: luteren, lutteren

desc

Old High German: lūttaren, lūtaren, hlūttaren, lūttren, hlūttren

Middle High German: liuteren, liutern, lūteren, loutern

German: läutern

→ Dutch: louteren

Afrikaans: louter

→ West Frisian: louterje, lotterje, lodderje


leubōn

leubōn (infinitive)
leubōnijas (genitive infinitive)
leubōnijē (dative infinitive)
leubōniju (infinitive instrumental)
leubō (first-person present singular)
leubōdā (first-person past singular)
leubōs (present second-person singular)
leubōdēs (past second-person singular)
leubōdōs (past second-person singular)
leubōþ (present singular third-person)
leubōdē (past singular third-person)
leubōdā (past singular third-person)
leubōm (first-person plural present)
leubōdum (first-person past plural)
leubōþ (plural present second-person)
leubōdud (past plural second-person)
leubōnþ (plural present third-person)
leubōdun (past plural third-person)
leubōdī (first-person past singular)
leubōdī (past second-person singular)
leubō (present singular third-person)
leubōdī (past singular third-person)
leubōdīm (first-person past plural)
leubōdīd (past plural second-person)
leubōn (plural present third-person)
leubōdīn (past plural third-person)
leubō (present singular)
leubōþ (plural present)
leubōndī (participle present)
leubōd (participle past)

Old English: lēofian

q

Middle English: leven (merged with the descendant of *liubijan)

Old Frisian: liāvia

Old Dutch: *lievon

desctree

Middle Dutch: lieven
Dutch: lieven
Limburgish: leve

⇒ Old Dutch: gilievon

Old High German: liobōn, liubōn

Middle High German: lieben, liuben (merged with the descendant of *liubijan)

German: lieben


liubijan

liubijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
liubijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
liubijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
liubijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
liubiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
liubidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
liubisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
liubidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
liubidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
liubiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
liubidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
liubidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
liubijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
liubidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
liubiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
liubidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
liubijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
liubidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
liubijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
liubidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
liubijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
liubidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
liubijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
liubidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
liubijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
liubidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
liubijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
liubidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
liubijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
liubidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
liubi (class-1 present singular weak)
liubiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
liubijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
liubid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: līefan

Middle English: leven (merged with the descendant of *leubōn)

Old Saxon: *liovian

Middle Low German: lēven, leiven, līven

⇒ Old Saxon: giliovian

Old Dutch: *lieven

⇒ Old Dutch: gilieven

Old High German: liuben, lioben

Middle High German: liuben, lieben (merged with the descendant of *leubōn)

German: lieben


linþijan

linþijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
linþijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
linþijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
linþijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
linþiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
linþidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
linþisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
linþidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
linþidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
linþiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
linþidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
linþidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
linþijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
linþidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
linþiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
linþidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
linþijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
linþidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
linþijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
linþidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
linþijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
linþidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
linþijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
linþidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
linþijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
linþidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
linþijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
linþidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
linþijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
linþidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
linþi (class-1 present singular weak)
linþiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
linþijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
linþid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: līþan

Middle English: lithen

Old High German: linden

Middle High German: linden

⇒ German: lindern


trāgijan

trāgijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
trāgijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
trāgijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
trāgijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
trāgiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
trāgidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
trāgisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
trāgidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
trāgidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
trāgiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
trāgidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
trāgidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
trāgijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
trāgidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
trāgiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
trāgidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
trāgijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
trāgidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
trāgijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
trāgidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
trāgijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
trāgidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
trāgijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
trāgidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
trāgijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
trāgidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
trāgijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
trāgidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
trāgijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
trāgidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
trāgi (class-1 present singular weak)
trāgiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
trāgijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
trāgid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Dutch: *trāgen

Middle Dutch: trâgen (merged with the descendant of *trāgēn)

Dutch: tragen

Old High German: *trāgen

Middle High German: trægen

⇒ Old High German: gitrāgen

⇒ Old High German: irtrāgen


trāgēn

trāgēn (infinitive)
trāgēnijas (genitive infinitive)
trāgēnijē (dative infinitive)
trāgēniju (infinitive instrumental)
trāgē (first-person present singular)
trāg?dā (first-person past singular)
trāgēs (present second-person singular)
trāg?dēs (past second-person singular)
trāgēþ (present singular third-person)
trāg?dē (past singular third-person)
trāg?dā (past singular third-person)
trāgēm (first-person plural present)
trāg?dum (first-person past plural)
trāgēþ (plural present second-person)
trāg?dud (past plural second-person)
trāgēnþ (plural present third-person)
trāg?dun (past plural third-person)
trāg?dī (first-person past singular)
trāg?dī (past second-person singular)
trāgē (present singular third-person)
trāg?dī (past singular third-person)
trāg?dīm (first-person past plural)
trāg?dīd (past plural second-person)
trāgēn (plural present third-person)
trāg?dīn (past plural third-person)
trāgē (present singular)
trāgēþ (plural present)
trāgēndī (participle present)
trāg?d (participle past)

Old Saxon: trāgon

Middle Low German: trâgen

Old Dutch: *trāgon
Middle Dutch: trâgen
Dutch: tragen

Old High German: trāgēn, trāgōn

Middle High German: trāgen


tregan

tregan (infinitive)
tregannjas (genitive infinitive)
tregannjē (dative infinitive)
tregannju (infinitive instrumental)
tregu (first-person present singular)
trag (first-person past singular)
trigiʀi (present second-person singular)
trāgī (past second-person singular)
trigidi (present singular third-person)
trag (past singular third-person)
tregum (first-person plural present)
trāgum (first-person past plural)
trigid (plural present second-person)
trāgud (past plural second-person)
tregand (plural present third-person)
trāgun (past plural third-person)
tregē (first-person present singular)
trāgī (first-person past singular)
tregēs (present second-person singular)
tregē (present singular third-person)
trāgī (past singular third-person)
tregēm (first-person plural present)
trāgīm (first-person past plural)
tregēþ (plural present second-person)
trāgīd (past plural second-person)
tregēn (plural present third-person)
trāgīn (past plural third-person)
trig (present singular)
trigid (plural present)
tregandī (participle present)
tregan (participle past)

Old English: treġian (weak verb)

Middle English: treyen

Old Saxon: tregan

Old Dutch: *tregon

Middle Dutch: tregen (weak verb)


gōdnassī

gōdnassī (nominative singular)
gōdnassīn (accusative singular)
gōdnassīn (genitive singular)
gōdnassīn (dative singular)
gōdnassīn (instrumental singular)

Old English: gōdnes, gōdness, gōdnys
Middle English: goodnesse, godenes, godenesse, godnes, godnese, godnesse, goodnes, guodnesse (Kent), goddnes, gudeness (Northern), godnæsse, godnisse, godnysse (Early Middle English)
English: goodness
Scots: guidness, gudeness
Yola: goounees, goouness

Old Frisian: *gōdnisse, *gōdnis

West Frisian: goedens

Old High German: guotnessī

Middle High German: guotnisse


dugunþu

dugunþu (nominative singular)
dugunþō (nominative plural)
dugunþā (accusative singular)
dugunþā (accusative plural)
dugunþā (genitive singular)
dugunþō (genitive plural)
dugunþē (dative singular)
dugunþōm (dative plural)
dugunþum (dative plural)
dugunþu (instrumental singular)
dugunþōm (instrumental plural)
dugunþum (instrumental plural)
*dugunþi (alternative)

Old English: duguþ
Middle English: douthe, douth, douþe, duthe, doȝeðe, dugeð, duȝde, duȝeðe, duȝeþe, duheðe, duhþe, duweðe (Early Middle English)
English: douth
Scots: duthe, douth

Old Frisian: dugethe, dugede

North Frisian: döged, dögd

Saterland Frisian: Duugd

West Frisian: deugd

Old Saxon: *dugund, *dugunt, *duguth

Middle Low German: dogent, doget

desc

German Low German: Döögde, Döögte, Döögd, Döögt

Old Dutch: *dugath, *dugeth

Middle Dutch: doget, doghet, duget, dueget

Dutch: deugd

Afrikaans: deug

Old High German: tungundi, tugund, tugind; *dugud (Central German)

Middle High German: tugende, tugent; duget, duged (Central German)

Alemannic German: Tuugend

German: Tugend

→? Central Franconian: Dugend, Dujend, Tugend, Tuend

→? Luxembourgish: Dugend

Rhine Franconian:

Palatine German: Tugend

Vilamovian: tūgyt

Yiddish: טוגענד (tugend)


hīwijan

hīwijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hīwijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hīwijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hīwijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hīwiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hīwidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hīwisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hīwidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hīwidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hīwiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hīwidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hīwidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hīwijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hīwidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hīwiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hīwidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hīwijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hīwidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hīwijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hīwidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hīwijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hīwidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hīwijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hīwidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hīwijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hīwidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hīwijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hīwidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hīwijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hīwidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hīwi (class-1 present singular weak)
hīwiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hīwijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hīwid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: hīwian

⇒ Old Saxon: gihīwian

Old Dutch: *hīwen

Middle Dutch: huwen, houwen, hiwen, hiën

Dutch: huwen

Old High German: hīwen, hīen

Middle High German: hīwen, hīen, hīgen, hījen, hūwen


hą̄hasinwōn

hą̄hasinwōn (infinitive)
hą̄hasinwōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hą̄hasinwōnijē (dative infinitive)
hą̄hasinwōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hą̄hasinwō (first-person present singular)
hą̄hasinwōdā (first-person past singular)
hą̄hasinwōs (present second-person singular)
hą̄hasinwōdēs (past second-person singular)
hą̄hasinwōdōs (past second-person singular)
hą̄hasinwōþ (present singular third-person)
hą̄hasinwōdē (past singular third-person)
hą̄hasinwōdā (past singular third-person)
hą̄hasinwōm (first-person plural present)
hą̄hasinwōdum (first-person past plural)
hą̄hasinwōþ (plural present second-person)
hą̄hasinwōdud (past plural second-person)
hą̄hasinwōnþ (plural present third-person)
hą̄hasinwōdun (past plural third-person)
hą̄hasinwōdī (first-person past singular)
hą̄hasinwōdī (past second-person singular)
hą̄hasinwō (present singular third-person)
hą̄hasinwōdī (past singular third-person)
hą̄hasinwōdīm (first-person past plural)
hą̄hasinwōdīd (past plural second-person)
hą̄hasinwōn (plural present third-person)
hą̄hasinwōdīn (past plural third-person)
hą̄hasinwō (present singular)
hą̄hasinwōþ (plural present)
hą̄hasinwōndī (participle present)
hą̄hasinwōd (participle past)

Old English: *hōhsnian

⇒ Old English: onhōhsnian

Old Frisian: hōxnia

Old Dutch:

Middle Dutch: hasenen

Old High German: hahsinōn

Middle High German: hahsenen

From *hą̄hasinu (“tendon, hamstring”) + *-ōn.


hą̄hasinwijan

hą̄hasinwijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hą̄hasinwijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hą̄hasinwijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hą̄hasinwijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hą̄hasinwiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hą̄hasinwidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hą̄hasinwisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hą̄hasinwidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hą̄hasinwidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hą̄hasinwiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hą̄hasinwidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hą̄hasinwidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hą̄hasinwijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hą̄hasinwidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hą̄hasinwiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hą̄hasinwidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hą̄hasinwijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hą̄hasinwidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hą̄hasinwijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hą̄hasinwidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hą̄hasinwijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hą̄hasinwidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hą̄hasinwijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hą̄hasinwidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hą̄hasinwijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hą̄hasinwidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hą̄hasinwijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hą̄hasinwidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hą̄hasinwijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hą̄hasinwidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hą̄hasinwi (class-1 present singular weak)
hą̄hasinwiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hą̄hasinwijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hą̄hasinwid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon:

Middle Low German: hessen

Old High German: hahsenen, hahsnen, hasenen, hahsinen

Middle High German: hähsenen

Old Dutch:

Middle Dutch: hesenen, haessenen

From *hą̄hasinu (“tendon, hamstring”) + *-jan.


fraunijan

fraunijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
fraunijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
fraunijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
fraunijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
frauniju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fraunidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fraunisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fraunidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fraunidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
frauniþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fraunidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fraunidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fraunijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fraunidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
frauniþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fraunidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fraunijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fraunidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fraunijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fraunidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fraunijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fraunidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fraunijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fraunidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fraunijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fraunidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fraunijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fraunidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fraunijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fraunidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
frauni (class-1 present singular weak)
frauniþ (class-1 plural present weak)
fraunijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
fraunid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *frōnian

Middle Low German: *vrȫnen

⇒ Middle Low German: vörvrȫnen

Old High German: frōnen

Middle High German: frœnen, vrœnen

German: fröhnen

Old Dutch: *frōnen

Middle Dutch: vrônen

Dutch: vronen (obsolete or dialectal)

From *fraun (“lordly, of a landlord”) + *-jan.


fristijan

fristijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
fristijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
fristijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
fristijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
fristiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fristidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fristisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fristidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fristidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fristiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fristidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fristidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fristijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fristidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fristiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fristidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fristijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fristidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fristijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fristidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fristijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fristidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fristijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fristidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fristijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fristidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fristijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fristidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fristijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fristidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fristi (class-1 present singular weak)
fristiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
fristijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
fristid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *firstan, *firstan

desc

Middle English: firsten, versten, fristen, fresten

Old Frisian: fersta

Old Saxon: *fristian, *firstian

Middle Low German: vristen, fristen, versten, fersten, vorsten

Old Dutch: *fristen, *firsten

Middle Dutch: versten, veersten, varsten, virsten, virsten, vorsten, voorsten, vursten, vuersten

Dutch: versten, varsten, vorsten, voorsten (obsolete)

Old High German: fristen

Middle High German: vristen, fristen

German: fristen


skittjā

skittjā (nominative singular)
skittjōn (nominative plural)
skittjōn (accusative singular)
skittjōn (accusative plural)
skittjōn (genitive singular)
skittjōnō (genitive plural)
skittjōn (dative singular)
skittjōm (dative plural)
skittjum (dative plural)
skittjōn (instrumental singular)
skittjōm (instrumental plural)
skittjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sċitte

Middle English: schite (conflated with *skitiz)

Old Dutch: *skitta

Middle Dutch: schitte

dialectal; conflated with <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmw-pro">*skitiz</i>

Dutch: schit (dialectal; conflated with *skitiz)


frauwjan

frauwjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
frauwjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
frauwjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
frauwjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
frauwju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
frawidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
frawisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
frawidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
frawidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
frawiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
frawidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
frawidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
frauwjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
frawidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
frawiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
frawidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
frauwjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
frawidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
frauwjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
frawidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
frauwjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
frawidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
frauwjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
frawidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
frauwjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
frawidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
frauwjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
frawidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
frauwjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
frawidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
frawi (class-1 present singular weak)
frawiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
frauwjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
frawid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: frōwian

Middle Low German: vröuwen, vrouwen, vrowen, vrauwen

Old Dutch: frouwen, frewen

Middle Dutch: vrouwen, vrowen, vruwen, vrouden

Old High German: frouwen, frewen

Middle High German: vröuwen, vrouwen, vrewen

German: freuen

From *frau (“happy, energetic”) + *-jan.


gaurā

gaurā (nominative singular)
gaurōn (nominative plural)
gaurōn (accusative singular)
gaurōn (accusative plural)
gaurōn (genitive singular)
gaurōnō (genitive plural)
gaurōn (dative singular)
gaurōm (dative plural)
gaurum (dative plural)
gaurōn (instrumental singular)
gaurōm (instrumental plural)
gaurum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *gōre

North Frisian: gör

Old Saxon: *gōra

Middle Low German: gȫre, gȫr f

Low German: Gör n, Göre f

German Low German: Göör n

→ German: Gör n, Göre f [16th century]

→ Switzerland German: Gorsch

Unknown; possibly:
* from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“less, short”), cognate with Old Irish gerr (“short”), Sanskrit ह्रस्व (hrasva, “short”);
* or related to *gauraz (“sad, sorrowful”), cognate with Old Church Slavonic журба (žurba, “grief”), Sanskrit घोर (ghora, “terrible”).

cog

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

garleEnglish: girlScots: girleYola: gurl


dailiþu

dailiþu (nominative singular)
dailiþō (nominative plural)
dailiþā (accusative singular)
dailiþā (accusative plural)
dailiþā (genitive singular)
dailiþō (genitive plural)
dailiþē (dative singular)
dailiþōm (dative plural)
dailiþum (dative plural)
dailiþu (instrumental singular)
dailiþōm (instrumental plural)
dailiþum (instrumental plural)

Old High German: teilida

From Proto-Germanic *dailiþō. Equivalent to *daili (“part”) + *-iþu (abstract noun suffix).


diupiþu

diupiþu (nominative singular)
diupiþō (nominative plural)
diupiþā (accusative singular)
diupiþā (accusative plural)
diupiþā (genitive singular)
diupiþō (genitive plural)
diupiþē (dative singular)
diupiþōm (dative plural)
diupiþum (dative plural)
diupiþu (instrumental singular)
diupiþōm (instrumental plural)
diupiþum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: *dīepþ, *dīepþu
Middle English: depthe
Scots: deepth
English: depth

desc

Old Frisian: *diūpithe, *diūpthe, *diāpthe

Saterland Frisian: Djüpte, Jüpte, Joopte, Japte

West Frisian: djipte

Old Saxon: diupitha

Middle Low German: dêpede

Low German: Deepde, Düüpde, Deepd

desctree

Old Dutch: diupitha
Middle Dutch: diepte
Dutch: diepte

Old High German: *tiufida

Middle High German: tiufede, *diufede (Central German, attested as tiefte, tūfede, dūfde)

Luxembourgish: Déift

From Proto-Germanic *diupiþō. Equivalent to *deup (“deep”) + *-iþu (abstract noun suffix).


dwalliþu

dwalliþu (nominative singular)
dwalliþō (nominative plural)
dwalliþā (accusative singular)
dwalliþā (accusative plural)
dwalliþā (genitive singular)
dwalliþō (genitive plural)
dwalliþē (dative singular)
dwalliþōm (dative plural)
dwalliþum (dative plural)
dwalliþu (instrumental singular)
dwalliþōm (instrumental plural)
dwalliþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: dwild

From Proto-Germanic *dwaliþō. Equivalent to *dwal, *dul (“confused; foolish”) + *-iþu (abstract noun suffix).


faigī

faigī (masculine nominative singular)
faigiju (feminine nominative singular)
faigī (neuter nominative singular)
faigijanā (accusative masculine singular)
faigijā (accusative feminine singular)
faigī (accusative neuter singular)
faigijas (genitive masculine singular)
faigijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
faigijas (genitive neuter singular)
faigijumē (dative masculine singular)
faigijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
faigijumē (dative neuter singular)
faigiju (instrumental masculine singular)
faigijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
faigiju (instrumental neuter singular)
faigijē (masculine nominative plural)
faigijō (feminine nominative plural)
faigiju (neuter nominative plural)
faigijā (accusative masculine plural)
faigijā (accusative feminine plural)
faigiju (accusative neuter plural)
faigijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
faigijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
faigijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
faigijēm (dative masculine plural)
faigijum (dative masculine plural)
faigijēm (dative feminine plural)
faigijum (dative feminine plural)
faigijēm (dative neuter plural)
faigijum (dative neuter plural)
faigijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
faigijum (instrumental masculine plural)
faigijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
faigijum (feminine instrumental plural)
faigijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
faigijum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: fǣġe
Middle English: fey, feye, fay, faie, veie, veye, faye, fei, vey, fæie, væie, fæy, feiȝe, vaiȝe, feaye (Early Middle English)
English: fey, fay
Scots: fey

Old Saxon: fēgi
Middle Low German: veige

Old Dutch: *fēgi

Middle Dutch: vege

Dutch: veeg

Old High German: feigi
Middle High German: veige
Alemannic German: fiig
German: feige, feig (colloquial or poetic)


gurni

gurni (nominative singular)
gurnī (nominative plural)
gurni (accusative singular)
gurnī (accusative plural)
gurnī (genitive singular)
gurnijō (genitive plural)
gurnī (dative singular)
gurnim (dative plural)
gurnijum (dative plural)
gurnī (instrumental singular)
gurnim (instrumental plural)
gurnijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: gyrn, gryn

desc

⇒ Old English: gyrnstafas (“injury, affliction”)

⇒ Old English: gyrnwracu (“revenge for injury”)

From Proto-Germanic *gurniz, related to *gauraz (“sad, sorrowful”).


gaurag

gaurag (masculine nominative singular)
gauragu (feminine nominative singular)
gaurag (neuter nominative singular)
gauraganā (accusative masculine singular)
gauragā (accusative feminine singular)
gaurag (accusative neuter singular)
gauragas (genitive masculine singular)
gaurageʀā (feminine genitive singular)
gauragas (genitive neuter singular)
gauragumē (dative masculine singular)
gaurageʀē (dative feminine singular)
gauragumē (dative neuter singular)
gauragu (instrumental masculine singular)
gaurageʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
gauragu (instrumental neuter singular)
gauragē (masculine nominative plural)
gauragō (feminine nominative plural)
gauragu (neuter nominative plural)
gauragā (accusative masculine plural)
gauragā (accusative feminine plural)
gauragu (accusative neuter plural)
gaurageʀō (genitive masculine plural)
gaurageʀō (feminine genitive plural)
gaurageʀō (genitive neuter plural)
gauragēm (dative masculine plural)
gauragum (dative masculine plural)
gauragēm (dative feminine plural)
gauragum (dative feminine plural)
gauragēm (dative neuter plural)
gauragum (dative neuter plural)
gauragēm (instrumental masculine plural)
gauragum (instrumental masculine plural)
gauragēm (feminine instrumental plural)
gauragum (feminine instrumental plural)
gauragēm (instrumental neuter plural)
gauragum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Saxon: *gōrag

Middle Low German: gōrich

Old High German: gōrag

Middle High German: gōrec

German: gorig (archaic), gorich (dialectal)


fawiþu

fawiþu (nominative singular)
fawiþō (nominative plural)
fawiþā (accusative singular)
fawiþā (accusative plural)
fawiþā (genitive singular)
fawiþō (genitive plural)
fawiþē (dative singular)
fawiþōm (dative plural)
fawiþum (dative plural)
fawiþu (instrumental singular)
fawiþōm (instrumental plural)
fawiþum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: fād

From Proto-Germanic *fawiþō. Equivalent to *fau (“few”) + *-iþu (abstract noun suffix).


garwiþu

garwiþu (nominative singular)
garwiþō (nominative plural)
garwiþā (accusative singular)
garwiþā (accusative plural)
garwiþā (genitive singular)
garwiþō (genitive plural)
garwiþē (dative singular)
garwiþōm (dative plural)
garwiþum (dative plural)
garwiþu (instrumental singular)
garwiþōm (instrumental plural)
garwiþum (instrumental plural)

Old High German: garawida

From Proto-Germanic *garwiþō. Equivalent to *garu (“ready, prepared”) + *-iþu (abstract noun suffix).


grimmiþu

grimmiþu (nominative singular)
grimmiþō (nominative plural)
grimmiþā (accusative singular)
grimmiþā (accusative plural)
grimmiþā (genitive singular)
grimmiþō (genitive plural)
grimmiþē (dative singular)
grimmiþōm (dative plural)
grimmiþum (dative plural)
grimmiþu (instrumental singular)
grimmiþōm (instrumental plural)
grimmiþum (instrumental plural)

Old High German: grimmida

Middle High German: grimmede

From Proto-Germanic *grimmiþō. Equivalent to *grimm (“grim, angry”) + *-iþu (abstract noun suffix).


hailiþu

hailiþu (nominative singular)
hailiþō (nominative plural)
hailiþā (accusative singular)
hailiþā (accusative plural)
hailiþā (genitive singular)
hailiþō (genitive plural)
hailiþē (dative singular)
hailiþōm (dative plural)
hailiþum (dative plural)
hailiþu (instrumental singular)
hailiþōm (instrumental plural)
hailiþum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: hǣlþ
Middle English: helthe, elþ, elþe, healethe, heleth, helth, helþe, hilþe, helte (Late Middle English)
English: health
Scots: helth, halth

Old High German: heilida

From Proto-Germanic *hailiþō. Equivalent to *hail (“healthy, whole”) + *-iþu (abstract noun suffix).


hrainiþu

hrainiþu (nominative singular)
hrainiþō (nominative plural)
hrainiþā (accusative singular)
hrainiþā (accusative plural)
hrainiþā (genitive singular)
hrainiþō (genitive plural)
hrainiþē (dative singular)
hrainiþōm (dative plural)
hrainiþum (dative plural)
hrainiþu (instrumental singular)
hrainiþōm (instrumental plural)
hrainiþum (instrumental plural)

Old High German: hreinida, reinida

Middle High German: reinde

From Proto-Germanic *hrainiþō. Equivalent to *hrainī (“clean, pure”) + *-iþu.


irʀiþu

irʀiþu (nominative singular)
irʀiþō (nominative plural)
irʀiþā (accusative singular)
irʀiþā (accusative plural)
irʀiþā (genitive singular)
irʀiþō (genitive plural)
irʀiþē (dative singular)
irʀiþōm (dative plural)
irʀiþum (dative plural)
irʀiþu (instrumental singular)
irʀiþōm (instrumental plural)
irʀiþum (instrumental plural)

Old High German: hreinida, reinida

Middle High German: reinde

From Proto-Germanic *irziþō. Equivalent to *irʀī (“mistaken; angry”) + *-iþu.


lamiþu

lamiþu (nominative singular)
lamiþō (nominative plural)
lamiþā (accusative singular)
lamiþā (accusative plural)
lamiþā (genitive singular)
lamiþō (genitive plural)
lamiþē (dative singular)
lamiþōm (dative plural)
lamiþum (dative plural)
lamiþu (instrumental singular)
lamiþōm (instrumental plural)
lamiþum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: lemithe, lamethe, lemethe

Old Saxon: *lemitha

Middle Low German: lemede

Old Dutch: *lemitha

Middle Dutch: lemde, leemde

Old High German: *lemida

Middle High German: lemede, lemde

From Proto-Germanic *lamiþō. Equivalent to *lam (“lame, withered”) + *-iþu.


langiþu

langiþu (nominative singular)
langiþō (nominative plural)
langiþā (accusative singular)
langiþā (accusative plural)
langiþā (genitive singular)
langiþō (genitive plural)
langiþē (dative singular)
langiþōm (dative plural)
langiþum (dative plural)
langiþu (instrumental singular)
langiþōm (instrumental plural)
langiþum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: lengþu, lengþ, lengoþu, lengþo
Middle English: lengthe, leinþ, lencþe, length, lengþe, lenkthe, lenkþe, lenth, lenthe, lenþe, leynþe, lenght, lenghte, lenghthe, lenȝte, lenȝth (especially Northern), lencth, lenketh, lenkethe, lenkith (Late Middle English, Northern), lengðe (Early Middle English)
English: length
Scots: lenth, lainth

Old Frisian: lengithe, lengethe

Saterland Frisian: Loangte

West Frisian: lingte, langte

Old Saxon: *lengitha

Middle Low German: lengede, lengde

desc

German Low German: Längde, Längd, Längte, Längt

Old Dutch: *lengitha

Middle Dutch: lengede, lingede, lencde

Dutch: lengte

Old High German: *lengida

desctree

Middle High German: lengede
German: Längde
Luxembourgish: Längt

⇒ Old High German: gilengida

From Proto-Germanic *langiþō. Equivalent to *lang (“long”) + *-iþu.


magiþu

magiþu (nominative singular)
magiþō (nominative plural)
magiþā (accusative singular)
magiþā (accusative plural)
magiþā (genitive singular)
magiþō (genitive plural)
magiþē (dative singular)
magiþōm (dative plural)
magiþum (dative plural)
magiþu (instrumental singular)
magiþōm (instrumental plural)
magiþum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *megetha, *megda

Middle Low German: mechte

From Proto-Germanic *magiþō. Equivalent to *mag (“able, capable; strong”) + *-iþu.


sundnassī

sundnassī (nominative singular)
sundnassīn (accusative singular)
sundnassīn (genitive singular)
sundnassīn (dative singular)
sundnassīn (instrumental singular)
*sundanassī (alternative)

Old English: *sundnes

Middle English: soundnesse

English: soundness

Scots: soundness

⇒ Old English: onsundnes

Old Frisian: *sundnisse

West Frisian: sûnens

Old Saxon: *sundnissi

Middle Low German: suntnisse

Old High German: *suntnissi

Middle High German: suntnisse

⇒ Old High German: *gisuntnissi

Middle High German: *gisuntnisse

German: Gesundnis


anglōn

anglōn (infinitive)
anglōnijas (genitive infinitive)
anglōnijē (dative infinitive)
anglōniju (infinitive instrumental)
anglō (first-person present singular)
anglōdā (first-person past singular)
anglōs (present second-person singular)
anglōdēs (past second-person singular)
anglōdōs (past second-person singular)
anglōþ (present singular third-person)
anglōdē (past singular third-person)
anglōdā (past singular third-person)
anglōm (first-person plural present)
anglōdum (first-person past plural)
anglōþ (plural present second-person)
anglōdud (past plural second-person)
anglōnþ (plural present third-person)
anglōdun (past plural third-person)
anglōdī (first-person past singular)
anglōdī (past second-person singular)
anglō (present singular third-person)
anglōdī (past singular third-person)
anglōdīm (first-person past plural)
anglōdīd (past plural second-person)
anglōn (plural present third-person)
anglōdīn (past plural third-person)
anglō (present singular)
anglōþ (plural present)
anglōndī (participle present)
anglōd (participle past)
*angulōn (alternative)

Old English: *anglian

Middle English: anglen

English: angle

Old Frisian: *anglia, *onglia

Saterland Frisian: ongelje

West Frisian: angelje

Old Saxon: *angulōn, *anglōn

Middle Low German: angelen, angeln

German Low German: angeln

Old Dutch: *anglon

Middle Dutch: angelen

gl

partly; via merger with Middle Dutch <i class="Latn mention" lang="dum">hengelen</i>

>? Dutch: hengelen (partly; via merger with Middle Dutch hengelen)

desc

Old High German: *angulōn, *angalōn, *anglōn

Middle High German: angelen, angeln

German: angeln

From *angul + *-ōn, from Proto-Germanic *angulaz (“hook”).


trahnijan

trahnijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
trahnijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
trahnijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
trahnijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
trahniju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
trahnidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
trahnisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
trahnidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
trahnidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
trahniþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
trahnidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
trahnidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
trahnijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
trahnidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
trahniþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
trahnidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
trahnijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
trahnidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
trahnijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
trahnidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
trahnijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
trahnidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
trahnijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
trahnidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
trahnijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
trahnidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
trahnijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
trahnidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
trahnijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
trahnidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
trahni (class-1 present singular weak)
trahniþ (class-1 plural present weak)
trahnijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
trahnid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *trahnian

Middle Low German: trānen, tranen, trēnen, trenen

Old Dutch: *trānen

Middle Dutch: trânen, trênen

Dutch: tranen

Old High German: trahanen

Middle High German: trahenen, trehenen

German: tränen


swangrijan

swangrijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
swangrijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
swangrijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
swangrijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
swangriju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
swangridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
swangrisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
swangridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swangridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swangriþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
swangridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swangridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swangrijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
swangridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
swangriþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
swangridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
swangrijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
swangridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
swangrijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
swangridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
swangrijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
swangridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swangrijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
swangridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swangrijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
swangridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
swangrijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
swangridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
swangrijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
swangridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
swangri (class-1 present singular weak)
swangriþ (class-1 plural present weak)
swangrijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
swangrid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *swangrian

Middle Low German: swengeren, swengern, schwengern

Old High German: swangeren

Middle High German: swengeren, swengern

German: schwängern

From *swangr (“heavy, pregnant”) + *-jan.


nebulijan

nebulijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
nebulijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
nebulijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
nebulijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
nebuliju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
nebulidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
nebulisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
nebulidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
nebulidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
nebuliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
nebulidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
nebulidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
nebulijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
nebulidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
nebuliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
nebulidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
nebulijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
nebulidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
nebulijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
nebulidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
nebulijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
nebulidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
nebulijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
nebulidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
nebulijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
nebulidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
nebulijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
nebulidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
nebulijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
nebulidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
nebuli (class-1 present singular weak)
nebuliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
nebulijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
nebulid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *nevalian

Middle Low German: nēvelen

Old Dutch: *nevalen

Middle Dutch: nēvelen

Dutch: nevelen

Old High German: nibulen

Middle High German: nibelen, nebelen

German: nebeln


gōdī

gōdī (nominative singular)
gōdīn (accusative singular)
gōdīn (genitive singular)
gōdīn (dative singular)
gōdīn (instrumental singular)

Old Saxon: gōdī, guodī

Middle Low German: gôde, gö̂de, güde, gö̂te

Old Dutch: guodi
Middle Dutch: goede

desctree

Old High German: guotī, guatī, guodī, guoitī, kuotī, chuotī — hypercorrect
Middle High German: giute, güete, güöte, guͤte, guͤti
Alemannic German: Gieti, Güeti
Central Franconian: Jöt, Jöde
Hunsrik: Gied
Cimbrian: güute
German: Güte
Rhine Franconian:
Hessian: Gied, Giede
Palatine German: Giet, Giete

From Proto-Germanic *gōdį̄. Equivalent to *gōd (“good”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).


hnikkjan

hnikkjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hnikkjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hnikkjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hnikkjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hnikkju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hnikidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hnikisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hnikidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hnikidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hnikiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hnikidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hnikidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hnikkjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hnikidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hnikiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hnikidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hnikkjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hnikidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hnikkjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hnikidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hnikkjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hnikidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hnikkjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hnikidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hnikkjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hnikidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hnikkjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hnikidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hnikkjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hnikidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hniki (class-1 present singular weak)
hnikiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hnikkjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hnikid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Frisian: *hnikka

West Frisian: nikke

Old Saxon: *hnikkian

Middle Low German: nicken

Old Dutch: *nikken

Middle Dutch: nicken

Dutch: nikken

desc

Old High German: nikken, nicken, hnikken, hnicken

Middle High German: nicken

German: nicken

Closely related to the strong verb *hnīgan.


īdalēn

īdalēn (infinitive)
īdalēnijas (genitive infinitive)
īdalēnijē (dative infinitive)
īdalēniju (infinitive instrumental)
īdalē (first-person present singular)
īdal?dā (first-person past singular)
īdalēs (present second-person singular)
īdal?dēs (past second-person singular)
īdalēþ (present singular third-person)
īdal?dē (past singular third-person)
īdal?dā (past singular third-person)
īdalēm (first-person plural present)
īdal?dum (first-person past plural)
īdalēþ (plural present second-person)
īdal?dud (past plural second-person)
īdalēnþ (plural present third-person)
īdal?dun (past plural third-person)
īdal?dī (first-person past singular)
īdal?dī (past second-person singular)
īdalē (present singular third-person)
īdal?dī (past singular third-person)
īdal?dīm (first-person past plural)
īdal?dīd (past plural second-person)
īdalēn (plural present third-person)
īdal?dīn (past plural third-person)
īdalē (present singular)
īdalēþ (plural present)
īdalēndī (participle present)
īdal?d (participle past)

Old English: īdlian

Middle English: idelen

English: idle

Old Saxon: *īdalōn

Middle Low German: īdelen

Old Dutch: *īdilen

Middle Dutch: idelen

Dutch: ijdelen

Old High German: *ītalēn

Middle High German: ītelen, īteln

German: eiteln

⇒ Old High German: irītalēn


īdalijan

īdalijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
īdalijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
īdalijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
īdalijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
īdaliju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
īdalidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
īdalisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
īdalidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
īdalidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
īdaliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
īdalidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
īdalidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
īdalijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
īdalidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
īdaliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
īdalidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
īdalijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
īdalidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
īdalijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
īdalidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
īdalijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
īdalidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
īdalijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
īdalidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
īdalijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
īdalidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
īdalijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
īdalidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
īdalijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
īdalidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
īdali (class-1 present singular weak)
īdaliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
īdalijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
īdalid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *īdlan

Middle English: idelen

English: idle

Old Saxon: *īdalian

Middle Low German: īdelen

Old Dutch: *īdilen

Middle Dutch: idelen

Dutch: ijdelen

Old High German: ītalen

Middle High German: ītelen, īteln

German: eiteln


swārī

swārī (nominative singular)
swārīn (accusative singular)
swārīn (genitive singular)
swārīn (dative singular)
swārīn (instrumental singular)

desctree

Old High German: swārī
Middle High German: swære
German: Schwere

From Proto-Germanic *swērį̄. Equivalent to *swār (“heavy”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).


niuwjan

niuwjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
niuwjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
niuwjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
niuwjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
niuwju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
niwidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
niwisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
niwidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
niwidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
niwiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
niwidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
niwidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
niuwjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
niwidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
niwiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
niwidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
niuwjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
niwidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
niuwjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
niwidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
niuwjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
niwidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
niuwjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
niwidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
niuwjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
niwidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
niuwjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
niwidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
niuwjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
niwidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
niwi (class-1 present singular weak)
niwiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
niuwjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
niwid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: niuwian

desc

Middle Low German: nǖwen, nīen (conflated with *niwjōną/*niuwjōn)

Old High German: niuwen

Middle High German: niuwen (conflated with *niwjōną/*niuwjōn)

From Proto-Germanic *niwjaną. Equivalent to *niwi (“new”) + *-jan.


swōtimō

swōtimō (nominative singular)
swōtiman (nominative plural)
swōtiman (accusative singular)
swōtiman (accusative plural)
swōtimini (genitive singular)
swōtiman (genitive singular)
swōtimanō (genitive plural)
swōtimini (dative singular)
swōtiman (dative singular)
swōtimum (dative plural)
swōtimini (instrumental singular)
swōtiman (instrumental singular)
swōtimum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: swētma

West Frisian: swietme

From Proto-Germanic *swōtimô (“sweetness”). Equivalent to *swōtijan (“to sweeten”) + *-mō.


swōtijan

swōtijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
swōtijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
swōtijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
swōtijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
swōtiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
swōtidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
swōtisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
swōtidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swōtidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swōtiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
swōtidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swōtidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swōtijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
swōtidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
swōtiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
swōtidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
swōtijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
swōtidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
swōtijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
swōtidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
swōtijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
swōtidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swōtijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
swōtidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swōtijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
swōtidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
swōtijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
swōtidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
swōtijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
swōtidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
swōti (class-1 present singular weak)
swōtiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
swōtijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
swōtid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: swētan
Middle English: sweten
English: sweet

Old Frisian: *swēta

⇒ Old Frisian: *swētia (changed to a class 2 verb)

Saterland Frisian: swäitje

West Frisian: swietje, swietsje

Old Saxon: *swōtian

Middle Low German: sȫten

German Low German: söten

Old Dutch: *suoten

Middle Dutch: soeten

Dutch: zoeten

Old High German: suozen

Middle High German: süezen

Bavarian: siaßn

German: süßen

Yiddish: זיסן (zisn)

From Proto-Germanic *swōtijaną. Equivalent to *swōtī (“sweet”) + *-jan.


glitmō

glitmō (nominative singular)
glitman (nominative plural)
glitman (accusative singular)
glitman (accusative plural)
glitmini (genitive singular)
glitman (genitive singular)
glitmanō (genitive plural)
glitmini (dative singular)
glitman (dative singular)
glitmum (dative plural)
glitmini (instrumental singular)
glitman (instrumental singular)
glitmum (instrumental plural)

Old High German: glizemo

Middle High German: *glitzme

⇒ Alemannic German: glitzme

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *glitmô; equivalent to *glītan + *-mō.


helmō

helmō (nominative singular)
helman (nominative plural)
helman (accusative singular)
helman (accusative plural)
hilmini (genitive singular)
helman (genitive singular)
helmanō (genitive plural)
hilmini (dative singular)
helman (dative singular)
helmum (dative plural)
hilmini (instrumental singular)
helman (instrumental singular)
helmum (instrumental plural)

Old English: helma

Middle English: halm

English: helm

Old Saxon: *helma

Middle Low German: helm; holm (-o- from -a-? or from a zero-grade?)

→ German: Holm

Old Dutch: *helma

Middle Dutch: helm

Dutch: helm

Old High German: halme

Middle High German: halme, halm, helm

German: Helm (dialectal)

From Proto-Germanic *helmô; equivalent to *helan + *-mō.


andagaldijan

andagaldijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
andagaldijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
andagaldijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
andagaldijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
andagaldiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
andagaldidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
andagaldisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
andagaldidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
andagaldidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
andagaldiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
andagaldidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
andagaldidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
andagaldijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
andagaldidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
andagaldiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
andagaldidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
andagaldijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
andagaldidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
andagaldijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
andagaldidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
andagaldijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
andagaldidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
andagaldijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
andagaldidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
andagaldijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
andagaldidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
andagaldijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
andagaldidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
andagaldijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
andagaldidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
andagaldi (class-1 present singular weak)
andagaldiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
andagaldijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
andagaldid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: andgeldian

Old High German: intgelten

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *andagaldijaną. A causative formation to the strong verb *andageldan (“to pay for, repay”).


uʀgattjan

uʀgattjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
uʀgattjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
uʀgattjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
uʀgattjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
uʀgattju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
uʀgattā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
uʀgatisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
uʀgattēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
uʀgattōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
uʀgatiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
uʀgattē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
uʀgattā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
uʀgattjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
uʀgattum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
uʀgatiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
uʀgattud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
uʀgattjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
uʀgattun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
uʀgattjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
uʀgattī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
uʀgattjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
uʀgattī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
uʀgattjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
uʀgattī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
uʀgattjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
uʀgattīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
uʀgattjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
uʀgattīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
uʀgattjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
uʀgattīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
uʀgati (class-1 present singular weak)
uʀgatiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
uʀgattjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
uʀgatt (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *āgettian

Middle Low German: ergetten

Old High German: irgezzen

Middle High German: ergetzen

German: ergetzen, ergötzen

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *uzgatjaną. A causative formation to the strong verb *uʀgetan (“to forget”).


fragattjan

fragattjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
fragattjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
fragattjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
fragattjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
fragattju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fragattā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fragatisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fragattēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fragattōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fragatiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fragattē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fragattā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fragattjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fragattum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fragatiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fragattud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fragattjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fragattun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fragattjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fragattī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fragattjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fragattī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fragattjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fragattī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fragattjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fragattīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fragattjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fragattīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fragattjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fragattīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fragati (class-1 present singular weak)
fragatiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
fragattjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
fragatt (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *fargettian

Middle Low German: vorgetten

Old Dutch: *fargetten

Middle Dutch: vergetten

Dutch: vergetten (obsolete)

Old High German: *firgezzen

desc

Middle High German: vergetzen, fergetzen

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *fragatjaną. A causative formation to the strong verb *fragetan (“to forget”).


jihtijan

jihtijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
jihtijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
jihtijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
jihtijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
jihtiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
jihtidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
jihtisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
jihtidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
jihtidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
jihtiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
jihtidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
jihtidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
jihtijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
jihtidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
jihtiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
jihtidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
jihtijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
jihtidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
jihtijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
jihtidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
jihtijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
jihtidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
jihtijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
jihtidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
jihtijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
jihtidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
jihtijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
jihtidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
jihtijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
jihtidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
jihti (class-1 present singular weak)
jihtiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
jihtijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
jihtid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Dutch: *jichten

Middle Dutch: jichten, jechten, gichten, gechten

Old High German: *gihten

Middle High German: gihten

⇒ Old High German: firgihten

⇒ Middle High German: vergihtet


jihtijan

Old Frisian: jechta

West Frisian: jechtsje (changed into a class 2 weak verb)

gl

Old Saxon: *jihtian, *gihtian (forms with g- due to addition of prefix gi-)

Middle Low German: gichten, gjechten

Old Dutch: *jihten, *gihten (forms with g- due to addition of prefix gi-)

Middle Dutch: jichten, jechten, gichten (forms with g- due to addition of prefix gi-)

Dutch: gichten

Old High German: jihten, *gihten (forms with g- due to addition of prefix gi-)

Middle High German: gihten

German: gichten

Derived from *jihti (“statement, confession”) + *-jan.