duppijan

duppijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
duppijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
duppijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
duppijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
duppiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
duppidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
duppisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
duppidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
duppidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
duppiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
duppidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
duppidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
duppijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
duppidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
duppiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
duppidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
duppijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
duppidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
duppijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
duppidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
duppijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
duppidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
duppijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
duppidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
duppijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
duppidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
duppijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
duppidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
duppijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
duppidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
duppi (class-1 present singular weak)
duppiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
duppijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
duppid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: dyppan

Middle English: dippen

English: dip

→ Dutch: dippen

Old Saxon: *duppian

Middle Low German: *düppen

Low German: düppen

Old High German: tuphen

Middle High German: tüpfen, tupfen

German: tupfen

Related to the iterative verb *duppōn (“to dip”)


plattjan

plattjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
plattjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
plattjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
plattjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
plattju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
plattā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
platisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
plattēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
plattōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
platiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
plattē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
plattā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
plattjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
plattum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
platiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
plattud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
plattjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
plattun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
plattjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
plattī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
plattjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
plattī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
plattjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
plattī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
plattjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
plattīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
plattjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
plattīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
plattjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
plattīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
plati (class-1 present singular weak)
platiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
plattjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
platt (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: plættan
Middle English: platten, pletten
Scots: plat
English: plat, pat

Old Saxon: *plettian

Middle Low German: pletten

→ German: plätten

Old Dutch: *pletten

Middle Dutch: pletten

Dutch: pletten

From *plat (“flat”) + *-jan. Doublet of *flattjan.


auþijan

auþijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
auþijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
auþijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
auþijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
auþiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
auþidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
auþisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
auþidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
auþidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
auþiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
auþidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
auþidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
auþijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
auþidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
auþiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
auþidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
auþijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
auþidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
auþijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
auþidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
auþijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
auþidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
auþijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
auþidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
auþijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
auþidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
auþijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
auþidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
auþijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
auþidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
auþi (class-1 present singular weak)
auþiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
auþijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
auþid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: īeþan, ȳþan

Old High German: *ōden

Middle High German: öden

German: öden (chiefly in compounds)

From Proto-Germanic *auþijaną. Equivalent to *auþī (“void, empty”) + *-jan.


augijan

augijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
augijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
augijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
augijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
augiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
augidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
augisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
augidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
augidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
augiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
augidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
augidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
augijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
augidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
augiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
augidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
augijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
augidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
augijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
augidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
augijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
augidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
augijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
augidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
augijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
augidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
augijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
augidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
augijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
augidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
augi (class-1 present singular weak)
augiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
augijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
augid (class-1 participle past weak)
*auwjan (alternative)

Old English: ēowan, īewan, īwan, ȳwan

Old Frisian: āuwa, āwa

Old Saxon: ōgian

Middle Low German: ö̂gen, öugen

German Low German: ögen

⇒ Middle Low German: ö̂gelen

German Low German: ögeln

→ English: ogle

Old Dutch: ōgen
Middle Dutch: ôgen
Dutch: ogen

Old High German: ougen

Middle High German: öugen, ougen

German: äugen

From Proto-Germanic *augijaną. Equivalent to *augā (“eye”) + *-jan.


stuttijan

stuttijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
stuttijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
stuttijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
stuttijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
stuttiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stuttidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stuttisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stuttidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stuttidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stuttiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stuttidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stuttidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stuttijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stuttidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stuttiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stuttidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stuttijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stuttidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stuttijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stuttidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stuttijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stuttidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stuttijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stuttidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stuttijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stuttidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stuttijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stuttidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stuttijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stuttidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stutti (class-1 present singular weak)
stuttiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
stuttijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
stuttid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *stuttian

Middle Low German: stütten

→ Norwegian: støtte

→ Swedish: stötta

→ Danish: støtte

Old Dutch: *stutten

Middle Dutch: stutten

Dutch: stutten

Afrikaans: stut

⇒ Old High German: untarstuzzen

Middle High German: understützen

Bavarian: stitzn, unterstitzn

German: stützen, unterstützen


staupijan

staupijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
staupijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
staupijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
staupijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
staupiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
staupidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
staupisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
staupidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
staupidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
staupiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
staupidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
staupidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
staupijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
staupidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
staupiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
staupidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
staupijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
staupidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
staupijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
staupidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
staupijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
staupidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
staupijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
staupidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
staupijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
staupidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
staupijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
staupidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
staupijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
staupidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
staupi (class-1 present singular weak)
staupiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
staupijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
staupid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *stīepan

Middle English: stepen (possibly loaned from Old Norse instead)

English: steep

Old Saxon: *stōpian

Middle Low German: stȫpen

From Proto-Germanic *staupijaną. Equivalent to *staup (“pitcher, jar, bucket”) + *-jan.


staupijan

Old English: stīepan

Old Frisian: stēpa

(North Sea Germanic) to elevate, to make high

(North Sea Germanic) to support, to help


baþþjan

baþþjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
baþþjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
baþþjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
baþþjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
baþþju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
baþidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
baþisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
baþidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
baþidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
baþiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
baþidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
baþidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
baþþjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
baþidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
baþiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
baþidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
baþþjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
baþidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
baþþjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
baþidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
baþþjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
baþidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
baþþjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
baþidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
baþþjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
baþidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
baþþjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
baþidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
baþþjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
baþidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
baþi (class-1 present singular weak)
baþiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
baþþjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
baþid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: bæþþan, beþþan; beþian, beþigean (alternative forms from variant *baþigōn)

Middle English: bethen, beðen, beþien (Early Middle English)
English: beath (dialectal)

Old Frisian: *beththa, *bethia

West Frisian: bette, betsje

Old Saxon: *beththian

>? Middle Low German: *betten

Low German: betten (probably a loanword from Frisian)

Old Dutch: *beththen

Middle Dutch: betten, bessen

Dutch: betten

West Flemish: bessen

From Proto-Germanic *baþjaną. Equivalent to *baþ (“bath”) + *-jan.

to moisturize, make wet (with warm water)


nuttjan

nuttjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
nuttjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
nuttjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
nuttjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
nuttju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
nuttā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
nutisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
nuttēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
nuttōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
nutiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
nuttē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
nuttā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
nuttjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
nuttum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
nutiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
nuttud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
nuttjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
nuttun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
nuttjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
nuttī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
nuttjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
nuttī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
nuttjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
nuttī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
nuttjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
nuttīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
nuttjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
nuttīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
nuttjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
nuttīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
nuti (class-1 present singular weak)
nutiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
nuttjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
nutt (class-1 participle past weak)

⇒ Old Frisian: binetta

Old Saxon: *nuttian

Middle Low German: nütten

Old Dutch: *nutten

Middle Dutch: nutten

Dutch: nutten

Old High German: *nuzzen

Middle High German: nützen

German: nützen


wibil

wibil (nominative singular)
wibilō (nominative plural)
wibilōs (nominative plural)
wibil (accusative singular)
wibilā (accusative plural)
wibilas (genitive singular)
wibilō (genitive plural)
wibilē (dative singular)
wibilum (dative plural)
wibilu (instrumental singular)
wibilum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wifel, wibil, wibl, uuibil, *fifel
Middle English: wevel, wevyl, wyvyl
English: weevil
Scots: wavel

Old Saxon: *wivil, *uuivil, *wibil
Middle Low German: wevel, wêvel
→ Swedish: vivel

Old Dutch: *wivil

Middle Dutch: wivel, wevel

Dutch: wevel

Old High German: wibil
Middle High German: wibel, wupel
German: Wiebel

From Proto-Germanic *wibilaz. Equivalent to *weban (“to weave”) + *-il.

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache


Sāturnas dag

Sāturnas dag (nominative singular)
Sāturnas dag (accusative singular)
Sāturnas dagā (accusative plural)
Sāturnas dagas (genitive singular)
Sāturnas dagō (genitive plural)
Sāturnas dagē (dative singular)
Sāturnas dagum (dative plural)
Sāturnas dagu (instrumental singular)
Sāturnas dagum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sæternesdæġ, sæterndæġ, sæteresdæġ, sæterdæġ
Middle English: Saterday, Seterday, Ceterday, Satirday, Saturday, Saturnesday, zeterdai
English: Saturday
Tok Pisin: Sarere
Scots: Seturday
Yola: Zathardei, zatherdei

Old Frisian: sāterdei

West Frisian: saterdei, saterje

Saterland Frisian: Saterdag

Old Saxon:

Middle Low German: satersdach

Dutch Low Saxon: zaoterdag

German Low German: Saterdag

Old Dutch:

Middle Dutch: saterdach

Dutch: zaterdag, Zaterdag, Zaturdag, zaturdag (obsolete spellings)
Afrikaans: Saterdag
Negerhollands: saeterdag, saterdag
→ Lokono: satdakha, satradakha
→ Mohegan-Pequot: zotortar
→ Sranan Tongo: satra
→ Kari'na: satra

Limburgish: zaoterdig

West Flemish: zoaterdag

Old High German:

Middle High German: sātirsdach (Ripuarian)

desc

Central Franconian: Sodeschdaach, Sodeschdig (obsolete)

From *Sāturnas, *Saturnas (“Saturn's”) + *dag (“day”), calque of Latin diēs Sāturnī (“Saturday”, literally “day of Saturn”). The Old English form appears to descend from a variant form *Saturnas dag (with short a), as one would otherwise expect sǣternesdæg.
In all (modern) High and most Low German dialects, other words for Saturday are found instead which commonly refer to Sunday or the Sabbath day, e.g. Old High German sambaztag (literally “Sabbath-day”) (modern German Samstag), and Old High German sunnūnāband (literally “Sunday eve”) (modern German Sonnabend) (see also Old English sunnanǣfen (“evening before Sunday”) and Old Norse sunnunótt (“night before Sunday”)).


untriuwī

untriuwī (masculine nominative singular)
untriuwiju (feminine nominative singular)
untriuwī (neuter nominative singular)
untriuwijanā (accusative masculine singular)
untriuwijā (accusative feminine singular)
untriuwī (accusative neuter singular)
untriuwijas (genitive masculine singular)
untriuwijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
untriuwijas (genitive neuter singular)
untriuwijumē (dative masculine singular)
untriuwijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
untriuwijumē (dative neuter singular)
untriuwiju (instrumental masculine singular)
untriuwijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
untriuwiju (instrumental neuter singular)
untriuwijē (masculine nominative plural)
untriuwijō (feminine nominative plural)
untriuwiju (neuter nominative plural)
untriuwijā (accusative masculine plural)
untriuwijā (accusative feminine plural)
untriuwiju (accusative neuter plural)
untriuwijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
untriuwijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
untriuwijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
untriuwijēm (dative masculine plural)
untriuwijum (dative masculine plural)
untriuwijēm (dative feminine plural)
untriuwijum (dative feminine plural)
untriuwijēm (dative neuter plural)
untriuwijum (dative neuter plural)
untriuwijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
untriuwijum (instrumental masculine plural)
untriuwijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
untriuwijum (feminine instrumental plural)
untriuwijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
untriuwijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: untrīewe

Middle English: untrewe
English: untrue

Old Frisian: untriūwe

West Frisian: ûntrou

Old Dutch: *untriuwi

Middle Dutch: ontrouwe

Dutch: ontrouw

desc

Old High German: *untriuwi, urtriuwi, ungitriuwi

Middle High German: untriuwe

German: untreu

From Proto-Germanic *untriwwiz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


klint

klint (nominative singular)
klintō (nominative plural)
klintōs (nominative plural)
klint (accusative singular)
klintā (accusative plural)
klintas (genitive singular)
klintō (genitive plural)
klintē (dative singular)
klintum (dative plural)
klintu (instrumental singular)
klintum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon:

Middle Low German:

German Low German: Klint

→ Danish: klint


sūftu

sūftu (nominative singular)
sūftiwi (nominative plural)
sūftō (nominative plural)
sūftu (accusative singular)
sūftū (accusative plural)
sūftō (genitive singular)
sūftiwō (genitive plural)
sūftiwi (dative singular)
sūftō (dative singular)
sūftum (dative plural)
sūftu (instrumental singular)
sūftum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *sūft

Middle Low German: sucht

Old Dutch: *suft

Middle Dutch: sucht, socht

Dutch: zucht

Old High German: *sūft

Middle High German: sûft

From *sūpan (“to slurp, guzzle”) + *-þu, with sense development "slurp up air" > "inhale" > "sigh".


sūftōn

sūftōn (infinitive)
sūftōnijas (genitive infinitive)
sūftōnijē (dative infinitive)
sūftōniju (infinitive instrumental)
sūftō (first-person present singular)
sūftōdā (first-person past singular)
sūftōs (present second-person singular)
sūftōdēs (past second-person singular)
sūftōdōs (past second-person singular)
sūftōþ (present singular third-person)
sūftōdē (past singular third-person)
sūftōdā (past singular third-person)
sūftōm (first-person plural present)
sūftōdum (first-person past plural)
sūftōþ (plural present second-person)
sūftōdud (past plural second-person)
sūftōnþ (plural present third-person)
sūftōdun (past plural third-person)
sūftōdī (first-person past singular)
sūftōdī (past second-person singular)
sūftō (present singular third-person)
sūftōdī (past singular third-person)
sūftōdīm (first-person past plural)
sūftōdīd (past plural second-person)
sūftōn (plural present third-person)
sūftōdīn (past plural third-person)
sūftō (present singular)
sūftōþ (plural present)
sūftōndī (participle present)
sūftōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *sū̆fton

Middle Low German: süchten, süften

Old Dutch: *sū̆fton

Middle Dutch: suften, suchten, sochten

Dutch: zuchten

Old High German: sūftōn, sūfteōn, sūftēn

Middle High German: sūften, siuften

German: sauften, seuften (obsolete)

⇒ Middle High German: siufzen

German: seufzen

From *sūftu (“sigh, lamentation”) + *-ōn.


soppōn

soppōn (infinitive)
soppōnijas (genitive infinitive)
soppōnijē (dative infinitive)
soppōniju (infinitive instrumental)
soppō (first-person present singular)
soppōdā (first-person past singular)
soppōs (present second-person singular)
soppōdēs (past second-person singular)
soppōdōs (past second-person singular)
soppōþ (present singular third-person)
soppōdē (past singular third-person)
soppōdā (past singular third-person)
soppōm (first-person plural present)
soppōdum (first-person past plural)
soppōþ (plural present second-person)
soppōdud (past plural second-person)
soppōnþ (plural present third-person)
soppōdun (past plural third-person)
soppōdī (first-person past singular)
soppōdī (past second-person singular)
soppō (present singular third-person)
soppōdī (past singular third-person)
soppōdīm (first-person past plural)
soppōdīd (past plural second-person)
soppōn (plural present third-person)
soppōdīn (past plural third-person)
soppō (present singular)
soppōþ (plural present)
soppōndī (participle present)
soppōd (participle past)

Old English: soppian

Middle English: soppen

English: sop

Old Frisian: *sopja

West Frisian: sopje

Old Dutch: *soppon

Middle Dutch: soppen

Dutch: soppen

⇒ Middle Dutch: sopperen

Old High German: soffōn, sofōn


saifr

saifr (nominative singular)
saifrō (nominative plural)
saifrōs (nominative plural)
saifr (accusative singular)
saifrā (accusative plural)
saifras (genitive singular)
saifrō (genitive plural)
saifrē (dative singular)
saifrum (dative plural)
saifru (instrumental singular)
saifrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sāfor

Old Frisian: sāver, sēver

Saterland Frisian: Seeuwer

Old Saxon: *sēvar

Middle Low German: sêver

German Low German: Sever

Old Dutch: *sēvar

desctree

Middle Dutch: sêver
Dutch: zever
Limburgish: zeiver

Old High German: seifar, seivar

Middle High German: seifer

German: Seifer (archaic, dialectal)

From Proto-Germanic *saifraz, from Proto-Indo-European *seyp- (“to flow, run, drip”).


Frīju

Frīju (nominative singular)
Frīju (instrumental singular)

desc

Old English: Frīġ, Fricg, Frycg, *Frie, *Frigge (attested Friggan (gen.))

Middle English: Frie, Fri, Frye, Fre, Frea, Fræa, Frææ, Freon

Old High German: Friia

Lombardic: Frea


pendul

pendul (nominative singular)
pendulō (nominative plural)
pendulōs (nominative plural)
pendul (accusative singular)
pendulā (accusative plural)
pendulas (genitive singular)
pendulō (genitive plural)
pendulē (dative singular)
pendulum (dative plural)
pendulu (instrumental singular)
pendulum (instrumental plural)

Old High German: pfendil, phendel

Middle High German: phendel

Borrowed from a Medieval Latin pendulum (“something hanging, pendant, penis”) and influenced in meaning by pēniculus (“small tail, penis, brush”).


beuw

beuw (nominative singular)
beuwu (nominative plural)
beuw (accusative singular)
beuwu (accusative plural)
beuwas (genitive singular)
beuwō (genitive plural)
beuwē (dative singular)
beuwum (dative plural)
beuwu (instrumental singular)
beuwum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bēow

Old Frisian: bē

Old Saxon: beo, beu

⇒ Old Saxon: beuwod, bewod

Old High German: *beo

Middle High German: bū, bou (merger with *bū m or n)


laiþasam

laiþasam (masculine nominative singular)
laiþasamu (feminine nominative singular)
laiþasam (neuter nominative singular)
laiþasamanā (accusative masculine singular)
laiþasamā (accusative feminine singular)
laiþasam (accusative neuter singular)
laiþasamas (genitive masculine singular)
laiþasameʀā (feminine genitive singular)
laiþasamas (genitive neuter singular)
laiþasamumē (dative masculine singular)
laiþasameʀē (dative feminine singular)
laiþasamumē (dative neuter singular)
laiþasamu (instrumental masculine singular)
laiþasameʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
laiþasamu (instrumental neuter singular)
laiþasamē (masculine nominative plural)
laiþasamō (feminine nominative plural)
laiþasamu (neuter nominative plural)
laiþasamā (accusative masculine plural)
laiþasamā (accusative feminine plural)
laiþasamu (accusative neuter plural)
laiþasameʀō (genitive masculine plural)
laiþasameʀō (feminine genitive plural)
laiþasameʀō (genitive neuter plural)
laiþasamēm (dative masculine plural)
laiþasamum (dative masculine plural)
laiþasamēm (dative feminine plural)
laiþasamum (dative feminine plural)
laiþasamēm (dative neuter plural)
laiþasamum (dative neuter plural)
laiþasamēm (instrumental masculine plural)
laiþasamum (instrumental masculine plural)
laiþasamēm (feminine instrumental plural)
laiþasamum (feminine instrumental plural)
laiþasamēm (instrumental neuter plural)
laiþasamum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: *lāþsum

desc

Middle English: laithsum, lothesum, loothsum, lothsom, lothsome, laytsom

English: loathsome

Scots: laithsum, laithsome

Old Saxon: *lēthsam

Middle Low German: lêtsam, leitsam

Old Dutch: *lēthsam

Middle Dutch: leetsam, leetsaem

Dutch: leedzaam

Old High German: leidsam

Middle High German: leitsam

German: leidsam


-dōm

-dōm (nominative singular)
-dōmō (nominative plural)
-dōmōs (nominative plural)
-dōm (accusative singular)
-dōmā (accusative plural)
-dōmas (genitive singular)
-dōmō (genitive plural)
-dōmē (dative singular)
-dōmum (dative plural)
-dōmu (instrumental singular)
-dōmum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: -dōm
Middle English: -dom, -dam, -dame, -dome, -don, -doom, -dum
English: -dom
Scots: -dom

Old Frisian: -dōm

North Frisian: -dom

Saterland Frisian: -dum

West Frisian: -domme

Old Saxon: -dōm
Middle Low German: -dôm
Low German: -dom

Old Dutch: -duom

Middle Dutch: -dom

Dutch: -dom

Old High German: -tuom

Middle High German: -tuom

German: -tum

Yiddish: ־טום (-tum)

Forms nouns denoting the condition or state of the suffixed word.

Forms nouns denoting the domain or jurisdiction of the suffixed word.


-jā

-jā (nominative singular)
-jōn (nominative plural)
-jōn (accusative singular)
-jōn (accusative plural)
-jōn (genitive singular)
-jōnō (genitive plural)
-jōn (dative singular)
-jōm (dative plural)
-jum (dative plural)
-jōn (instrumental singular)
-jōm (instrumental plural)
-jum (instrumental plural)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

feminine of *-jō: Forms agent nouns from verbs.


spilþijan

spilþijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
spilþijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
spilþijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
spilþijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
spilþiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
spilþidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
spilþisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
spilþidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spilþidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spilþiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
spilþidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spilþidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spilþijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
spilþidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
spilþiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
spilþidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
spilþijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
spilþidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
spilþijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
spilþidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
spilþijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
spilþidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spilþijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
spilþidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spilþijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
spilþidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
spilþijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
spilþidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
spilþijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
spilþidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
spilþi (class-1 present singular weak)
spilþiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
spilþijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
spilþid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: spillan, spildan
Middle English: spillen, spylle, spille, spyl, spil, spyll, spill, spilden, spyllyn
English: spill
Scots: spill

Old Frisian: *spilla

⇒ Saterland Frisian: ferspille

Old Saxon: spildian

Middle Low German: spilden, spillen

German Low German: spillen

Old Dutch: *spilden

Middle Dutch: spilden, spillen

Dutch: spillen

Afrikaans: spil

Old High German: spilden

Middle High German: spilden, spillen

Bavarian: spillen

⇒ Middle High German: spildec

⇒ German: kostspielig

From Proto-Germanic *spilþijaną. Equivalent to *spelþ (“destruction, ruin”) + *-jan.


fraspilþijan

fraspilþijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
fraspilþijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
fraspilþijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
fraspilþijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
fraspilþiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fraspilþidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fraspilþisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fraspilþidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fraspilþidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fraspilþiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fraspilþidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fraspilþidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fraspilþijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fraspilþidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fraspilþiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fraspilþidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fraspilþijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fraspilþidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fraspilþijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fraspilþidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fraspilþijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fraspilþidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fraspilþijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fraspilþidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fraspilþijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fraspilþidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fraspilþijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fraspilþidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fraspilþijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fraspilþidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fraspilþi (class-1 present singular weak)
fraspilþiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
fraspilþijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
fraspilþid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: forspillan, forspildan
Middle English: forspillen
English: forspill

Old Dutch: *farspilden

Middle Dutch: verspilden

Dutch: verspillen

Old High German: firspilden

desc

Middle High German: verspilden, verspilten


gaspilþijan

gaspilþijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
gaspilþijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
gaspilþijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
gaspilþijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
gaspilþiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
gaspilþidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
gaspilþisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
gaspilþidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
gaspilþidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
gaspilþiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
gaspilþidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
gaspilþidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
gaspilþijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
gaspilþidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
gaspilþiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
gaspilþidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
gaspilþijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
gaspilþidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
gaspilþijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
gaspilþidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
gaspilþijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
gaspilþidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
gaspilþijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
gaspilþidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
gaspilþijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
gaspilþidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
gaspilþijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
gaspilþidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
gaspilþijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
gaspilþidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
gaspilþi (class-1 present singular weak)
gaspilþiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
gaspilþijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
gaspilþid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: ġespillan

Old High German: gaspildan, gispilden

→? Vulgar Latin: *gaspillō

Old French: *gaspiller

Middle French: gaspiller

French: gaspiller

Walloon: caspouî

Old Occitan: *gaspillar

Occitan:

Gascon: gaspilhar

Provençal: guespillar, gispillar


furigangan

furigangan (infinitive)
furigangannjas (genitive infinitive)
furigangannjē (dative infinitive)
furigangannju (infinitive instrumental)
furigangu (first-person present singular)
furigeang (first-person past singular)
furigangiʀi (present second-person singular)
furigeangī (past second-person singular)
furigangidi (present singular third-person)
furigeang (past singular third-person)
furigangum (first-person plural present)
furigeangum (first-person past plural)
furigangid (plural present second-person)
furigeangud (past plural second-person)
furigangand (plural present third-person)
furigeangun (past plural third-person)
furigangē (first-person present singular)
furigeangī (first-person past singular)
furigangēs (present second-person singular)
furigangē (present singular third-person)
furigeangī (past singular third-person)
furigangēm (first-person plural present)
furigeangīm (first-person past plural)
furigangēþ (plural present second-person)
furigeangīd (past plural second-person)
furigangēn (plural present third-person)
furigeangīn (past plural third-person)
furigang (present singular)
furigangid (plural present)
furigangandī (participle present)
furigangan (participle past)

Old English: forgangan

Old Saxon: fargangan

Old High German: firgangan

From Proto-Germanic *furiganganą. Equivalent to *furi- + *gangan (“to go”).


furigān

desctree

Old English: forgān
Middle English: forgon
English: forgo
Scots: forgae

Old Frisian: forgān

Old Dutch: fargān
Middle Dutch: vergâen
Dutch: vergaan

Old High German: firgān


landaskapi

landaskapi (nominative singular)
landaskapī (nominative plural)
landaskapi (accusative singular)
landaskapī (accusative plural)
landaskapī (genitive singular)
landaskappjō (genitive plural)
landaskapī (dative singular)
landaskapim (dative plural)
landaskappjum (dative plural)
landaskapī (instrumental singular)
landaskapim (instrumental plural)
landaskappjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: landscipe, landsċeap
Middle English: *landschippe, *landschapp
English: landscape (influenced by Dutch landschap), landskip, lantschip (obsolete)
Scots: landskip, landskipe

Old Frisian: *landskipe

West Frisian: lânskip

Old Saxon: landskepi

Middle Low German: lantschap, lantschop

Low German: landschop

Old Dutch: *landskepi, *landskapi

Middle Dutch: landscap, lantscap

Dutch: landschap

Old High German: lantskaf

Middle High German: lantschaft

German: Landschaft

From Proto-Germanic *landaskapiz. Equivalent to *land (“land”) + *-skapi.


uʀ-

Old English: or-
Middle English: or-
English: or-

Old Frisian: or-

Saterland Frisian: uur-

West Frisian: oar-

Old Saxon: ur-, or-

Middle Low German: or-

German Low German: oor-

Old Dutch: ur-, or-

Middle Dutch: or-, oor-

Dutch: oor-

Old High German: ur-
Middle High German: ur-
German: ur-
→ English: ur-
→ Dutch: oer-
Yiddish: אור־ (ur-)

Old English: ar-, ā-, ǣ-

Middle English: a-

English: a-

Old Saxon: ā-

Middle Low German: er-

German Low German: er-

Old Dutch: ir-, ā-

Middle Dutch: er-

Dutch: er-

Old High German: ir-, er-, ā-

Middle High German: er-, ir-, re-

German: er-

→ Swedish: er-


uʀgeban

uʀgeban (infinitive)
uʀgebannjas (genitive infinitive)
uʀgebannjē (dative infinitive)
uʀgebannju (infinitive instrumental)
uʀgebu (first-person present singular)
uʀgab (first-person past singular)
uʀgibiʀi (present second-person singular)
uʀgābī (past second-person singular)
uʀgibidi (present singular third-person)
uʀgab (past singular third-person)
uʀgebum (first-person plural present)
uʀgābum (first-person past plural)
uʀgibid (plural present second-person)
uʀgābud (past plural second-person)
uʀgeband (plural present third-person)
uʀgābun (past plural third-person)
uʀgebē (first-person present singular)
uʀgābī (first-person past singular)
uʀgebēs (present second-person singular)
uʀgebē (present singular third-person)
uʀgābī (past singular third-person)
uʀgebēm (first-person plural present)
uʀgābīm (first-person past plural)
uʀgebēþ (plural present second-person)
uʀgābīd (past plural second-person)
uʀgebēn (plural present third-person)
uʀgābīn (past plural third-person)
uʀgib (present singular)
uʀgibid (plural present)
uʀgebandī (participle present)
uʀgeban (participle past)

Old English: āġiefan, āġeofan — Non-West Saxon, āġifan — West Saxon, āġyfan — Late West Saxon
Middle English: ayefen, ayeven
English: agive

Old Saxon: agevan

Old High German: irgeban

Middle High German: ergëben

German: ergeben

From Proto-Germanic *uzgebaną. Equivalent to *uʀ- + *geban.


uʀhaitan

uʀhaitan (infinitive)
uʀhaitannjas (genitive infinitive)
uʀhaitannjē (dative infinitive)
uʀhaitannju (infinitive instrumental)
uʀhaitu (first-person present singular)
uʀhēt (first-person past singular)
uʀhaitiʀi (present second-person singular)
uʀhētī (past second-person singular)
uʀhaitidi (present singular third-person)
uʀhēt (past singular third-person)
uʀhaitum (first-person plural present)
uʀhētum (first-person past plural)
uʀhaitid (plural present second-person)
uʀhētud (past plural second-person)
uʀhaitand (plural present third-person)
uʀhētun (past plural third-person)
uʀhaitē (first-person present singular)
uʀhētī (first-person past singular)
uʀhaitēs (present second-person singular)
uʀhaitē (present singular third-person)
uʀhētī (past singular third-person)
uʀhaitēm (first-person plural present)
uʀhētīm (first-person past plural)
uʀhaitēþ (plural present second-person)
uʀhētīd (past plural second-person)
uʀhaitēn (plural present third-person)
uʀhētīn (past plural third-person)
uʀhait (present singular)
uʀhaitid (plural present)
uʀhaitandī (participle present)
uʀhaitan (participle past)

Old English: āhātan

From Proto-Germanic *uzhaitaną. Equivalent to *uʀ- + *haitan.


forē-

Old English: fore-

Middle English: fore-, for-

English: fore-

Old Frisian: fore-

Saterland Frisian: foar-

Old Saxon: fora-

German Low German: vör-

Old High German: fora-

German: vor-

From Proto-Germanic *furai-. Corresponds to the preposition and adverb *forē (“before”).


bergu

bergu (nominative singular)
bergō (nominative plural)
bergā (accusative singular)
bergā (accusative plural)
bergā (genitive singular)
bergō (genitive plural)
bergē (dative singular)
bergōm (dative plural)
bergum (dative plural)
bergu (instrumental singular)
bergōm (instrumental plural)
bergum (instrumental plural)

Old English: beorg

Middle English: berg

Old High German: pirc (in given names)

From Proto-Germanic *bergō. Equivalent to *bergan + *-u.


halsabergu

halsabergu (nominative singular)
halsabergō (nominative plural)
halsabergā (accusative singular)
halsabergā (accusative plural)
halsabergā (genitive singular)
halsabergō (genitive plural)
halsabergē (dative singular)
halsabergōm (dative plural)
halsabergum (dative plural)
halsabergu (instrumental singular)
halsabergōm (instrumental plural)
halsabergum (instrumental plural)

Old English: healsbeorh

Old High German: halsberga

→ Medieval Latin: halsberga (see there for further descendants)


breustabergu

breustabergu (nominative singular)
breustabergō (nominative plural)
breustabergā (accusative singular)
breustabergā (accusative plural)
breustabergā (genitive singular)
breustabergō (genitive plural)
breustabergē (dative singular)
breustabergōm (dative plural)
breustabergum (dative plural)
breustabergu (instrumental singular)
breustabergōm (instrumental plural)
breustabergum (instrumental plural)

Old English: brēostbeorg


fnoʀukōn

fnoʀukōn (infinitive)
fnoʀukōnijas (genitive infinitive)
fnoʀukōnijē (dative infinitive)
fnoʀukōniju (infinitive instrumental)
fnoʀukō (first-person present singular)
fnoʀukōdā (first-person past singular)
fnoʀukōs (present second-person singular)
fnoʀukōdēs (past second-person singular)
fnoʀukōdōs (past second-person singular)
fnoʀukōþ (present singular third-person)
fnoʀukōdē (past singular third-person)
fnoʀukōdā (past singular third-person)
fnoʀukōm (first-person plural present)
fnoʀukōdum (first-person past plural)
fnoʀukōþ (plural present second-person)
fnoʀukōdud (past plural second-person)
fnoʀukōnþ (plural present third-person)
fnoʀukōdun (past plural third-person)
fnoʀukōdī (first-person past singular)
fnoʀukōdī (past second-person singular)
fnoʀukō (present singular third-person)
fnoʀukōdī (past singular third-person)
fnoʀukōdīm (first-person past plural)
fnoʀukōdīd (past plural second-person)
fnoʀukōn (plural present third-person)
fnoʀukōdīn (past plural third-person)
fnoʀukō (present singular)
fnoʀukōþ (plural present)
fnoʀukōndī (participle present)
fnoʀukōd (participle past)
*fnuʀukōn (alternative)

desc

Old Frisian: *fnurkia, *fnorkia, *snurkia, *snorkia

Saterland Frisian: snurkje

West Frisian: snoarkje

Old Saxon: *fnurkōn, *fnorkōn, *snurkōn, *snorkōn

Middle Low German: snorken, snurken

German Low German: snorken, snurken, snuurken

Altmärkisch, North Low German: snurken

Westphalian:

Bentheimisch, Lippisch, Westmünsterländisch: schnorken

Sauerländisch: schnuarken, schnöerken (Wenden)

Plautdietsch: schnorke

→ Danish: snorke

→ Norwegian Bokmål: snorke

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: snorke, snorka

⇒ Norwegian Nynorsk: snurkla

Old Dutch: *fnorkon, *snorkon

Middle Dutch: snorken, snorcken

Dutch: snurken, snorken

→ English: snork

→ Scots: snork, snurk


koʀ

koʀ (nominative singular)
koʀu (nominative plural)
koʀ (accusative singular)
koʀu (accusative plural)
koʀas (genitive singular)
koʀō (genitive plural)
koʀē (dative singular)
koʀum (dative plural)
koʀu (instrumental singular)
koʀum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *cor

Middle English: cor, core

⇒ Old English: ġecor

Old Frisian: kor

>? West Frisian: kar


kuʀjan

kuʀjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
kuʀjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
kuʀjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
kuʀjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
kuʀju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
kuʀidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
kuʀisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
kuʀidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kuʀidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kuʀiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
kuʀidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kuʀidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kuʀjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
kuʀidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
kuʀiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
kuʀidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
kuʀjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
kuʀidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
kuʀjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
kuʀidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
kuʀjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
kuʀidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kuʀjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
kuʀidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kuʀjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
kuʀidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
kuʀjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
kuʀidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
kuʀjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
kuʀidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
kuʀi (class-1 present singular weak)
kuʀiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
kuʀjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
kuʀid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *kurian

Middle Low German: küren

Old Dutch: *curien

Middle Dutch: kueren

Dutch: keuren (merged in meaning with the descendant of *koʀōn)

Old High German: *kurien

Middle High German: küren

German: küren

From *kuʀi, *koʀ (“choice, decision”) + *-jan.


skadwijan

skadwijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
skadwijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
skadwijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
skadwijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
skadwiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skadwidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skadwisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skadwidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skadwidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skadwiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skadwidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skadwidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skadwijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skadwidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skadwiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skadwidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skadwijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skadwidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skadwijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skadwidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skadwijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skadwidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skadwijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skadwidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skadwijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skadwidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skadwijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skadwidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skadwijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skadwidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skadwi (class-1 present singular weak)
skadwiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
skadwijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
skadwid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: skadoian

Old Dutch: skediwen

Old High German: *sketiwen

Middle High German: schetewen

From Proto-Germanic *skadwijaną, equivalent to *skadu (“shadow”) + *-jan.


kaldijan

kaldijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
kaldijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
kaldijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
kaldijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
kaldiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
kaldidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
kaldisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
kaldidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kaldidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kaldiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
kaldidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kaldidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kaldijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
kaldidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
kaldiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
kaldidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
kaldijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
kaldidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
kaldijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
kaldidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
kaldijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
kaldidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kaldijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
kaldidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kaldijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
kaldidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
kaldijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
kaldidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
kaldijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
kaldidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
kaldi (class-1 present singular weak)
kaldiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
kaldijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
kaldid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Frisian: kelda

Old High German: *kelten

Middle High German: kelten

⇒ Middle High German: erkelten

German: erkälten


uʀhauhijan

uʀhauhijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
uʀhauhijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
uʀhauhijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
uʀhauhijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
uʀhauhiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
uʀhauhidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
uʀhauhisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
uʀhauhidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
uʀhauhidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
uʀhauhiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
uʀhauhidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
uʀhauhidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
uʀhauhijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
uʀhauhidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
uʀhauhiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
uʀhauhidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
uʀhauhijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
uʀhauhidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
uʀhauhijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
uʀhauhidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
uʀhauhijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
uʀhauhidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
uʀhauhijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
uʀhauhidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
uʀhauhijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
uʀhauhidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
uʀhauhijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
uʀhauhidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
uʀhauhijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
uʀhauhidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
uʀhauhi (class-1 present singular weak)
uʀhauhiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
uʀhauhijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
uʀhauhid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon:

Middle Low German: erhȫgen

Old Dutch: irhōen

Old High German: irhōhen

Middle High German: erhöhen

German: erhöhen


blakkjan

blakkjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
blakkjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
blakkjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
blakkjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
blakkju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
blakidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
blakisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
blakidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blakidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blakiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
blakidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blakidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blakkjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
blakidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
blakiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
blakidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
blakkjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
blakidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
blakkjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
blakidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
blakkjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
blakidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blakkjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
blakidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blakkjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
blakidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
blakkjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
blakidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
blakkjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
blakidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
blaki (class-1 present singular weak)
blakiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
blakkjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
blakid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Frisian: blesza

Old Saxon: *blekkian

Middle Low German: blecken

Old Dutch: *blecken

Middle Dutch: blecken

Dutch: blekken

Old High German: *blecken

Middle High German: blecken

German: blecken

Unclear, seems to be related to *blankijan. Possibly a factitive verb derived from *blak, in it's original meaning 'shining' instead of meaning 'burnt'.


rēmō

rēmō (nominative singular)
rēman (nominative plural)
rēman (accusative singular)
rēman (accusative plural)
rēmini (genitive singular)
rēman (genitive singular)
rēmanō (genitive plural)
rēmini (dative singular)
rēman (dative singular)
rēmum (dative plural)
rēmini (instrumental singular)
rēman (instrumental singular)
rēmum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *rēma

Middle English: reme, reeme (and/or from Old French reme)

Old Frisian: rēma

North Frisian:

Föhr-Amrum: riam

Halligen: riime

Sylt: Rem

West Frisian: riemme, rieme, riem

Hindeloopen: reeme

Schiermonnikoog: riem

Terschelling: riem

Old Saxon: *rēmo

Middle Low German: rême

Dutch Low Saxon: reem

German Low German: Reem

Old Dutch: *riemo

Middle Dutch: rieme

Dutch: riem

Afrikaans: riem

Limburgish: reem

desctree

Old High German: riemo
Middle High German: rieme
German: Riemen


kelā

kelā (nominative singular)
kelōn (nominative plural)
kelōn (accusative singular)
kelōn (accusative plural)
kelōn (genitive singular)
kelōnō (genitive plural)
kelōn (dative singular)
kelōm (dative plural)
kelum (dative plural)
kelōn (instrumental singular)
kelōm (instrumental plural)
kelum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ċeole, ċiole

Middle English: chel, cholle, joll

English: jowl

Scots: chowl, choul

Old Frisian: *kele

Saterland Frisian: Kääle

West Frisian: kiel

⇒ Old Frisian: kolk

Saterland Frisian: Kolk

West Frisian: kolcke

Old Saxon: kela

Middle Low German: kēle, keele

German Low German: Kehl

Old Dutch: kela
Middle Dutch: kēle
Dutch: keel
Afrikaans: keel
Negerhollands: keel
Limburgish: kael

Old High German: kela, chela
Middle High German: kële, kël
Cimbrian: khéela
German: Kehle


skurtijā

skurtijā (nominative singular)
skurtijōn (nominative plural)
skurtijōn (accusative singular)
skurtijōn (accusative plural)
skurtijōn (genitive singular)
skurtijōnō (genitive plural)
skurtijōn (dative singular)
skurtijōm (dative plural)
skurtijum (dative plural)
skurtijōn (instrumental singular)
skurtijōm (instrumental plural)
skurtijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sċyrte
Middle English: sherte
English: shirt (see there for further descendants)
Scots: schirt, shurt
Yola: shoorth, skoorth

Old Frisian: *skerte, *skorte; *skertel

North Frisian: Sjürt (Sylt)

West Frisian: skerte

Saterland Frisian: Schoarte

⇒ Old Frisian: skerteldōk

West Frisian: skerteldoek, skeldoek

Old Saxon: *skurtia

Middle Low German: schorte, schörte

Low German: Schörte

q

→ German: Schürze (or backformation from the plural of Schurz)

→ Old Danish:

Danish: skørt

Norwegian Bokmål: skjørt

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: skjørt

→ Old Swedish: skørt, skyrt

Swedish: skört

desctree

Old Dutch: *scurta
Middle Dutch: schorte
Dutch: schort
Negerhollands: skorte
→ Papiamentu: skòrt, schortsje, skortje


hūilōn

hūilōn (infinitive)
hūilōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hūilōnijē (dative infinitive)
hūilōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hūilō (first-person present singular)
hūilōdā (first-person past singular)
hūilōs (present second-person singular)
hūilōdēs (past second-person singular)
hūilōdōs (past second-person singular)
hūilōþ (present singular third-person)
hūilōdē (past singular third-person)
hūilōdā (past singular third-person)
hūilōm (first-person plural present)
hūilōdum (first-person past plural)
hūilōþ (plural present second-person)
hūilōdud (past plural second-person)
hūilōnþ (plural present third-person)
hūilōdun (past plural third-person)
hūilōdī (first-person past singular)
hūilōdī (past second-person singular)
hūilō (present singular third-person)
hūilōdī (past singular third-person)
hūilōdīm (first-person past plural)
hūilōdīd (past plural second-person)
hūilōn (plural present third-person)
hūilōdīn (past plural third-person)
hūilō (present singular)
hūilōþ (plural present)
hūilōndī (participle present)
hūilōd (participle past)

Old English: *hūlian
Middle English: howlen, howlyn, hulen
English: howl
Scots: howl
Yola: hol

Old Frisian: *hūlia

Saterland Frisian: huulje

West Frisian: huilje

Old Saxon: *hūwilōn, *hūlōn

Middle Low German: hü̂len, hûlen

German Low German: hulen

→ Danish: hyle

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: hyle

Norwegian Nynorsk: hyla

→ Swedish: hyla

Old Dutch: *hūlon

Middle Dutch: hulen
Dutch: huilen
Afrikaans: huil
Negerhollands: hyelen, hyel
Limburgish: hule

Old High German: hūwilōn, hūlōn; hiuwilōn, hiwilōn

desc

Middle High German: hūwelen, hūwlen, hūlen; hiuwelen, hiulen, hielen

Alemannic German: hüüwle

German: heulen

→ Old French: uller, ouler


līnā

līnā (nominative singular)
līnōn (nominative plural)
līnōn (accusative singular)
līnōn (accusative plural)
līnōn (genitive singular)
līnōnō (genitive plural)
līnōn (dative singular)
līnōm (dative plural)
līnum (dative plural)
līnōn (instrumental singular)
līnōm (instrumental plural)
līnum (instrumental plural)

Old English: līne

Middle English: line

Scots: line

English: line

Old Frisian: līne

North Frisian: liin

Saterland Frisian: Liene

West Frisian: line

Old Saxon: *līna

Middle Low German: lîne

German Low German: Lien

Old Dutch: *līna

Middle Dutch: line

Dutch: lijn, linnen

Old High German: līna

Middle High German: līne

German: Leine

→ Polish: lina

Luxembourgish: Léngt


bōtu

bōtu (nominative singular)
bōtō (nominative plural)
bōtā (accusative singular)
bōtā (accusative plural)
bōtā (genitive singular)
bōtō (genitive plural)
bōtē (dative singular)
bōtōm (dative plural)
bōtum (dative plural)
bōtu (instrumental singular)
bōtōm (instrumental plural)
bōtum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bōt

Middle English: bot, bote, boote

English: boot

→ English: bote

Scots: bute, buit

Old Frisian: bōte

Saterland Frisian: Boate

West Frisian: boete

Old Saxon: bōta

Middle Low German: bote, bôte, bute

Low German: Bote

Old Dutch: *buota

Middle Dutch: boete

Dutch: boete

Afrikaans: boete

Old High German: buoza, buoz

Middle High German: buoze

German: Buße

Luxembourgish: Bouss


waddjōn

waddjōn (infinitive)
waddjōnijas (genitive infinitive)
waddjōnijē (dative infinitive)
waddjōniju (infinitive instrumental)
waddjō (first-person present singular)
waddjōdā (first-person past singular)
waddjōs (present second-person singular)
waddjōdēs (past second-person singular)
waddjōdōs (past second-person singular)
waddjōþ (present singular third-person)
waddjōdē (past singular third-person)
waddjōdā (past singular third-person)
waddjōm (first-person plural present)
waddjōdum (first-person past plural)
waddjōþ (plural present second-person)
waddjōdud (past plural second-person)
waddjōnþ (plural present third-person)
waddjōdun (past plural third-person)
waddjōdī (first-person past singular)
waddjōdī (past second-person singular)
waddjō (present singular third-person)
waddjōdī (past singular third-person)
waddjōdīm (first-person past plural)
waddjōdīd (past plural second-person)
waddjōn (plural present third-person)
waddjōdīn (past plural third-person)
waddjō (present singular)
waddjōþ (plural present)
waddjōndī (participle present)
waddjōd (participle past)

Old English: weddian

Middle English: wedden

Scots: wed, wod, wad

English: wed

Old Frisian: weddia

Saterland Frisian: wädje

West Frisian: wedzje

Old Saxon: *weddōn

Middle Low German: wedden

Low German: wedden

Dutch Low Saxon: wedden

desctree

Old Dutch: *weddon
Middle Dutch: wedden
Dutch: wedden
Afrikaans: wed

Old High German: wettōn

Middle High German: wetten

Cimbrian: béttan

German: wetten

Luxembourgish: wetten

→ Old French: waigier, guagier, gagier

Middle French: gager

French: gager

→ Middle English: wagen; gagen

English: wage; gage

From Proto-Germanic *wadjōną. Equivalent to *wadi (“wager”) + *-ōn.


dwās

dwās (masculine nominative singular)
dwāsu (feminine nominative singular)
dwās (neuter nominative singular)
dwāsanā (accusative masculine singular)
dwāsā (accusative feminine singular)
dwās (accusative neuter singular)
dwāsas (genitive masculine singular)
dwāseʀā (feminine genitive singular)
dwāsas (genitive neuter singular)
dwāsumē (dative masculine singular)
dwāseʀē (dative feminine singular)
dwāsumē (dative neuter singular)
dwāsu (instrumental masculine singular)
dwāseʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
dwāsu (instrumental neuter singular)
dwāsē (masculine nominative plural)
dwāsō (feminine nominative plural)
dwāsu (neuter nominative plural)
dwāsā (accusative masculine plural)
dwāsā (accusative feminine plural)
dwāsu (accusative neuter plural)
dwāseʀō (genitive masculine plural)
dwāseʀō (feminine genitive plural)
dwāseʀō (genitive neuter plural)
dwāsēm (dative masculine plural)
dwāsum (dative masculine plural)
dwāsēm (dative feminine plural)
dwāsum (dative feminine plural)
dwāsēm (dative neuter plural)
dwāsum (dative neuter plural)
dwāsēm (instrumental masculine plural)
dwāsum (instrumental masculine plural)
dwāsēm (feminine instrumental plural)
dwāsum (feminine instrumental plural)
dwāsēm (instrumental neuter plural)
dwāsum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: dwǣs

Middle English: dwæs

Old Frisian: dwēs

Old Saxon: *dwās

Middle Low German: dwâs

Low German: dwas

Old Dutch: *dwās

Middle Dutch: dwâes

Dutch: dwaas

Afrikaans: dwaas

→ West Frisian: dwaas (noun)

Limburgish: dwaos

Old High German: *dwās, *twās

Middle High German: twās, dwās


muggju

muggju (nominative singular)
muggjō (nominative plural)
muggjā (accusative singular)
muggjā (accusative plural)
muggjā (genitive singular)
muggjō (genitive plural)
muggjē (dative singular)
muggjōm (dative plural)
muggjum (dative plural)
muggju (instrumental singular)
muggjōm (instrumental plural)
muggjum (instrumental plural)
*muggjā (alternative)

Old English: myċġ

Middle English: migge, mydge

Scots: mige

English: midge

Old Frisian: *megge, *migge

Saterland Frisian: Määge

West Frisian: mich

Old Saxon: muggia, mugga

Middle Low German: mügge

German Low German: Mügge, Mügg

→ Old Norse: myg

Danish: myg

Swedish: mygga, mygg

Norwegian: mygg

Old Dutch: *mugga
Middle Dutch: mugge
Dutch: mug
Afrikaans: muggie

Old High German: mugga, mukka, mucka

Middle High German: mücke, mügge, mugge, mucke
German: Mücke
Hunsrik: Mick
Luxembourgish: Méck


līkijan

līkijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
līkijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
līkijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
līkijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
līkiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
līkidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
līkisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
līkidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
līkidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
līkiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
līkidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
līkidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
līkijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
līkidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
līkiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
līkidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
līkijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
līkidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
līkijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
līkidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
līkijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
līkidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
līkijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
līkidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
līkijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
līkidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
līkijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
līkidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
līkijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
līkidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
līki (class-1 present singular weak)
līkiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
līkijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
līkid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: līkian

Middle Low German: līken

Old Dutch: *līken

Middle Dutch: liken

Old High German: līhhen

Middle High German: līchen

to make similar to, to make alike, to even


haimattjan

haimattjan (infinitive)
haimattjannjas (genitive infinitive)
haimattjannjē (dative infinitive)
haimattjannju (infinitive instrumental)
haimattju (first-person present singular)
haimattā (first-person past singular)
haimatisi (present second-person singular)
haimattēs (past second-person singular)
haimattōs (past second-person singular)
haimatiþi (present singular third-person)
haimattē (past singular third-person)
haimattā (past singular third-person)
haimattjum (first-person plural present)
haimattum (first-person past plural)
haimatiþ (plural present second-person)
haimattud (past plural second-person)
haimattjanþ (plural present third-person)
haimattun (past plural third-person)
haimattjē (first-person present singular)
haimattī (first-person past singular)
haimattjēs (present second-person singular)
haimattī (past second-person singular)
haimattjē (present singular third-person)
haimattī (past singular third-person)
haimattjēm (first-person plural present)
haimattīm (first-person past plural)
haimattjēþ (plural present second-person)
haimattīd (past plural second-person)
haimattjēn (plural present third-person)
haimattīn (past plural third-person)
haimati (present singular)
haimatiþ (plural present)
haimattjandī (participle present)
haimatt (participle past)

Old English: hāmettan

Old High German: *heimezzen, *heimezen

>? Middle High German: heimsen (possibly; 14th century and rare)

German: heimsen, einheimsen

From Proto-Germanic *haimatjaną. Equivalent to *haim + *-attjan.


skelban

skelban (infinitive)
skelbannjas (genitive infinitive)
skelbannjē (dative infinitive)
skelbannju (infinitive instrumental)
skelbu (first-person present singular)
skalb (first-person past singular)
skilbiʀi (present second-person singular)
skulbī (past second-person singular)
skilbidi (present singular third-person)
skalb (past singular third-person)
skelbum (first-person plural present)
skulbum (first-person past plural)
skilbid (plural present second-person)
skulbud (past plural second-person)
skelband (plural present third-person)
skulbun (past plural third-person)
skelbē (first-person present singular)
skulbī (first-person past singular)
skelbēs (present second-person singular)
skelbē (present singular third-person)
skulbī (past singular third-person)
skelbēm (first-person plural present)
skulbīm (first-person past plural)
skelbēþ (plural present second-person)
skulbīd (past plural second-person)
skelbēn (plural present third-person)
skulbīn (past plural third-person)
skilb (present singular)
skilbid (plural present)
skelbandī (participle present)
skolban (participle past)

Old English: sċelfan


dōk

dōk (nominative singular)
dōkō (nominative plural)
dōkōs (nominative plural)
dōk (accusative singular)
dōkā (accusative plural)
dōkas (genitive singular)
dōkō (genitive plural)
dōkē (dative singular)
dōkum (dative plural)
dōku (instrumental singular)
dōkum (instrumental plural)

desc

>? Old English: dōc (“bastard, mongrel”) (with change in meaning)

⇒? Old English: dōcincel

Old Frisian: dōk

Saterland Frisian: Douk

West Frisian: doek

Old Saxon: dōk

Middle Low German: dôk, dûk

German Low German: Dook

desctree

→ Old Norse: dúkr
Icelandic: dúkur
Faroese: dúkur
Norwegian Bokmål: duk
Norwegian Nynorsk: duk
Old Swedish: dūker
Swedish: duk, dok
Danish: dug

Old Dutch: *dōk, *duoc

Middle Dutch: doec
Dutch: doek
Afrikaans: doek
→ English: doek
→ Shona: dhuku
Berbice Creole Dutch: duku
Jersey Dutch: duk
Negerhollands: doek, doekoe
→ Akan: duku
→ Nkonya: duku
→ Wali (Ghana): ’duuku
→ Akebu: ɖuku-yǝ (via an intermediary language)
→ Lokono: doko
→ Aukan: duku
→ English: duck, dook
→ Fon: dukwí
→ Indonesian: duk
→ Japanese: ズック
→ Mbelime: dukìhṵ̀ (via an intermediary language)
→ Nawdm: dukŋa (via an intermediary language)
→ Scots: dook
→ Sranan Tongo: duku
→ Caribbean Javanese: duku
→ Dutch: doekoe
Limburgish: dook

Old High German: tuoh

Middle High German: tuoch

Alemannic German: Tuech

Swabian: Tuach

Central Franconian: Duch

Cimbrian: tuach

German: Tuch

→ Esperanto: tuko

Luxembourgish: Duch

Pennsylvania German: Duch

Yiddish: טוך (tukh)

Lombardic: *tuoh

→ Lombard: toh

→ Italian: tocca, toca, tòcche

→? Spanish: toca

→ Middle French: tocque

French: toque

English: toque

→ Old High German: toh


aikwernō

aikwernō (nominative singular)
aikwernan (nominative plural)
aikwernan (accusative singular)
aikwernan (accusative plural)
aikwirnini (genitive singular)
aikwernan (genitive singular)
aikwernanō (genitive plural)
aikwirnini (dative singular)
aikwernan (dative singular)
aikwernum (dative plural)
aikwirnini (instrumental singular)
aikwernan (instrumental singular)
aikwernum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ācweorna, āqueorna, āquorna, ācurna, ācuaerna
Middle English: acquerne, aquerne, ocquerne, okerne, aquierne
>? English: con, conn (“squirrel”) (dialectal) (compare Old Norse íkorni)
>? Scots: con (“squirrel”) (compare Old Norse íkorni)

Old Frisian: *ēkworna, *ēkhorna

Saterland Frisian: *Eker, *Eeker

desc

>? Saterland Frisian: Katteker, Kateeker (compare German Eichkater)

West Frisian: iikhoarn

⇒ West Frisian: iikhoarntsje

desctree

Old Saxon: *ēkhorno
Middle Low German: êkhōrn, êkhōrne, eikhōrne, êkhorn, êkōrn, eikōrn, êkōrne, echhorne
⇒ Dutch Low Saxon: Eekhoorntje
German Low German: Eekhoorn, Ekkern
Westphalian:
Ravensbergisch: Aik, Aikern
Sauerländisch: Ēksken, Aikerte
⇒ German Low German: Eekhoorntje

Old Dutch: *ēcorno
Middle Dutch: êencōren
Dutch: eekhoorn

Old High German: eihhorno, eihhurno
Middle High German: eichurne
Alemannic German: Eichhore, Eichhörnli
German: Eichhorn
⇒ German: Eichhörnchen
⇒ Hunsrik: Eichhernche


skurgijan

skurgijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
skurgijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
skurgijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
skurgijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
skurgiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skurgidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skurgisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skurgidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skurgidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skurgiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skurgidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skurgidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skurgijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skurgidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skurgiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skurgidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skurgijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skurgidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skurgijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skurgidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skurgijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skurgidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skurgijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skurgidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skurgijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skurgidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skurgijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skurgidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skurgijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skurgidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skurgi (class-1 present singular weak)
skurgiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
skurgijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
skurgid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Dutch: scurgen

Old High German: scurgen

Middle High German: schürgen


þrintan

þrintan (infinitive)
þrintannjas (genitive infinitive)
þrintannjē (dative infinitive)
þrintannju (infinitive instrumental)
þrintu (first-person present singular)
þrant (first-person past singular)
þrintiʀi (present second-person singular)
þruntī (past second-person singular)
þrintidi (present singular third-person)
þrant (past singular third-person)
þrintum (first-person plural present)
þruntum (first-person past plural)
þrintid (plural present second-person)
þruntud (past plural second-person)
þrintand (plural present third-person)
þruntun (past plural third-person)
þrintē (first-person present singular)
þruntī (first-person past singular)
þrintēs (present second-person singular)
þrintē (present singular third-person)
þruntī (past singular third-person)
þrintēm (first-person plural present)
þruntīm (first-person past plural)
þrintēþ (plural present second-person)
þruntīd (past plural second-person)
þrintēn (plural present third-person)
þruntīn (past plural third-person)
þrint (present singular)
þrintid (plural present)
þrintandī (participle present)
þruntan (participle past)

Old English: *þrintan

⇒ Old English: aþrintan

Old Saxon: *thrintan

Middle Low German: drinten

Old Dutch: *thrintan

Middle Dutch: drinten

>? Old High German:

>? Middle High German: trinten (unclear why the verb has an initial t-)


þrindan

þrindan (infinitive)
þrindannjas (genitive infinitive)
þrindannjē (dative infinitive)
þrindannju (infinitive instrumental)
þrindu (first-person present singular)
þrand (first-person past singular)
þrindiʀi (present second-person singular)
þrundī (past second-person singular)
þrindidi (present singular third-person)
þrand (past singular third-person)
þrindum (first-person plural present)
þrundum (first-person past plural)
þrindid (plural present second-person)
þrundud (past plural second-person)
þrindand (plural present third-person)
þrundun (past plural third-person)
þrindē (first-person present singular)
þrundī (first-person past singular)
þrindēs (present second-person singular)
þrindē (present singular third-person)
þrundī (past singular third-person)
þrindēm (first-person plural present)
þrundīm (first-person past plural)
þrindēþ (plural present second-person)
þrundīd (past plural second-person)
þrindēn (plural present third-person)
þrundīn (past plural third-person)
þrind (present singular)
þrindid (plural present)
þrindandī (participle present)
þrundan (participle past)

Old English: þrindan

Old High German: *drindan

Middle High German: drinden


skrindan

skrindan (infinitive)
skrindannjas (genitive infinitive)
skrindannjē (dative infinitive)
skrindannju (infinitive instrumental)
skrindu (first-person present singular)
skrand (first-person past singular)
skrindiʀi (present second-person singular)
skrundī (past second-person singular)
skrindidi (present singular third-person)
skrand (past singular third-person)
skrindum (first-person plural present)
skrundum (first-person past plural)
skrindid (plural present second-person)
skrundud (past plural second-person)
skrindand (plural present third-person)
skrundun (past plural third-person)
skrindē (first-person present singular)
skrundī (first-person past singular)
skrindēs (present second-person singular)
skrindē (present singular third-person)
skrundī (past singular third-person)
skrindēm (first-person plural present)
skrundīm (first-person past plural)
skrindēþ (plural present second-person)
skrundīd (past plural second-person)
skrindēn (plural present third-person)
skrundīn (past plural third-person)
skrind (present singular)
skrindid (plural present)
skrindandī (participle present)
skrundan (participle past)

Old Saxon: *skrindan

Middle Low German: schrinden

Old Dutch: *scrindan

Middle Dutch: schrinden

Old High German: skrintan, *skrindan

Middle High German: schrinden


swinkan

swinkan (infinitive)
swinkannjas (genitive infinitive)
swinkannjē (dative infinitive)
swinkannju (infinitive instrumental)
swinku (first-person present singular)
swank (first-person past singular)
swinkiʀi (present second-person singular)
swunkī (past second-person singular)
swinkidi (present singular third-person)
swank (past singular third-person)
swinkum (first-person plural present)
swunkum (first-person past plural)
swinkid (plural present second-person)
swunkud (past plural second-person)
swinkand (plural present third-person)
swunkun (past plural third-person)
swinkē (first-person present singular)
swunkī (first-person past singular)
swinkēs (present second-person singular)
swinkē (present singular third-person)
swunkī (past singular third-person)
swinkēm (first-person plural present)
swunkīm (first-person past plural)
swinkēþ (plural present second-person)
swunkīd (past plural second-person)
swinkēn (plural present third-person)
swunkīn (past plural third-person)
swink (present singular)
swinkid (plural present)
swinkandī (participle present)
swunkan (participle past)

Old Frisian: *swinka

desc

West Frisian: swinke (“to swivel, turn around”)

Old Saxon: *swinkan

>? Middle Low German: swinken (“to pour out, spill”)

Old Dutch: *swinkan

Middle Dutch: *swinken

Dutch: zwinken (“to swivel, turn around”) (dialectal)

→ Swedish: svinka (“to swerve, evade, be untrustworthy”)

→ Danish: svinke (“to swing, sway”)

Old High German: swinkan

Presumably from Proto-Germanic *swinkaną, perhaps a secondary strong verb to lost iterative *swinkōną, from earlier paradigm *swinkōþi ~ *swingunanþi, from pre-Proto-Germanic *swing⁽ʷ⁾ʰ-nā́-ti ~ *swing⁽ʷ⁾ʰ-un-ánti, related to *swingan (“to swing”).


tordawibil

tordawibil (nominative singular)
tordawibilō (nominative plural)
tordawibilōs (nominative plural)
tordawibil (accusative singular)
tordawibilā (accusative plural)
tordawibilas (genitive singular)
tordawibilō (genitive plural)
tordawibilē (dative singular)
tordawibilum (dative plural)
tordawibilu (instrumental singular)
tordawibilum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: tordwifel
Middle English: *tordwevel
English: turd weevil

Old Dutch: *tordewivil, *tortwivil

Middle Dutch: *tordewevel, *tortwevel

Dutch: tortwevel

From Proto-Germanic *turdawibilaz. Equivalent to *tord (“manure”) + *wibil (“beetle”).


wrimpan

wrimpan (infinitive)
wrimpannjas (genitive infinitive)
wrimpannjē (dative infinitive)
wrimpannju (infinitive instrumental)
wrimpu (first-person present singular)
wramp (first-person past singular)
wrimpiʀi (present second-person singular)
wrumpī (past second-person singular)
wrimpidi (present singular third-person)
wramp (past singular third-person)
wrimpum (first-person plural present)
wrumpum (first-person past plural)
wrimpid (plural present second-person)
wrumpud (past plural second-person)
wrimpand (plural present third-person)
wrumpun (past plural third-person)
wrimpē (first-person present singular)
wrumpī (first-person past singular)
wrimpēs (present second-person singular)
wrimpē (present singular third-person)
wrumpī (past singular third-person)
wrimpēm (first-person plural present)
wrumpīm (first-person past plural)
wrimpēþ (plural present second-person)
wrumpīd (past plural second-person)
wrimpēn (plural present third-person)
wrumpīn (past plural third-person)
wrimp (present singular)
wrimpid (plural present)
wrimpandī (participle present)
wrumpan (participle past)

Old Saxon: *wrimpan

Middle Low German: wrimpen

Old Dutch: *wrimpan

Middle Dutch: wrimpen, wrempen

Dutch: wrimpen (dated)

Old High German: *rimpfan

Middle High German: rimpfen


andaginnan

andaginnan (infinitive)
andaginnannjas (genitive infinitive)
andaginnannjē (dative infinitive)
andaginnannju (infinitive instrumental)
andaginnu (first-person present singular)
andagann (first-person past singular)
andaginniʀi (present second-person singular)
andagunnī (past second-person singular)
andaginnidi (present singular third-person)
andagann (past singular third-person)
andaginnum (first-person plural present)
andagunnum (first-person past plural)
andaginnid (plural present second-person)
andagunnud (past plural second-person)
andaginnand (plural present third-person)
andagunnun (past plural third-person)
andaginnē (first-person present singular)
andagunnī (first-person past singular)
andaginnēs (present second-person singular)
andaginnē (present singular third-person)
andagunnī (past singular third-person)
andaginnēm (first-person plural present)
andagunnīm (first-person past plural)
andaginnēþ (plural present second-person)
andagunnīd (past plural second-person)
andaginnēn (plural present third-person)
andagunnīn (past plural third-person)
andaginn (present singular)
andaginnid (plural present)
andaginnandī (participle present)
andagunnan (participle past)

Old English: onginnan

Old Saxon: andginnan, antginnan

Middle Low German: entginnen

Old Dutch: *antginnan

Middle Dutch: ontginnen

Dutch: ontginnen

Old High German: *antginnan

Middle High German: enginnen, entginnen

From *anda- + *ginnan, the simplex verb is not attested but is derived from Proto-Germanic *ginnaną.


brimman

brimman (infinitive)
brimmannjas (genitive infinitive)
brimmannjē (dative infinitive)
brimmannju (infinitive instrumental)
brimmu (first-person present singular)
bramm (first-person past singular)
brimmiʀi (present second-person singular)
brummī (past second-person singular)
brimmidi (present singular third-person)
bramm (past singular third-person)
brimmum (first-person plural present)
brummum (first-person past plural)
brimmid (plural present second-person)
brummud (past plural second-person)
brimmand (plural present third-person)
brummun (past plural third-person)
brimmē (first-person present singular)
brummī (first-person past singular)
brimmēs (present second-person singular)
brimmē (present singular third-person)
brummī (past singular third-person)
brimmēm (first-person plural present)
brummīm (first-person past plural)
brimmēþ (plural present second-person)
brummīd (past plural second-person)
brimmēn (plural present third-person)
brummīn (past plural third-person)
brimm (present singular)
brimmid (plural present)
brimmandī (participle present)
brumman (participle past)

Old Saxon: *brimman

Middle Low German: brimmen

Old Dutch: *brimman

Middle Dutch: brimmen

Old High German: *brimman

Middle High German: brimmen


breman

breman (infinitive)
bremannjas (genitive infinitive)
bremannjē (dative infinitive)
bremannju (infinitive instrumental)
bremu (first-person present singular)
bram (first-person past singular)
brimiʀi (present second-person singular)
brāmī (past second-person singular)
brimidi (present singular third-person)
bram (past singular third-person)
bremum (first-person plural present)
brāmum (first-person past plural)
brimid (plural present second-person)
brāmud (past plural second-person)
bremand (plural present third-person)
brāmun (past plural third-person)
bremē (first-person present singular)
brāmī (first-person past singular)
bremēs (present second-person singular)
bremē (present singular third-person)
brāmī (past singular third-person)
bremēm (first-person plural present)
brāmīm (first-person past plural)
bremēþ (plural present second-person)
brāmīd (past plural second-person)
bremēn (plural present third-person)
brāmīn (past plural third-person)
brim (present singular)
brimid (plural present)
bremandī (participle present)
bruman (participle past)

Old Dutch: *breman

Middle Dutch: brēmen

Old High German: *breman

Middle High German: bremen

⇒ Old High German: brema (noun)

Middle High German: breme

Alemannic German: Brämme

German: Breme (archaic)

→ Galician: bremar


kradul

kradul (nominative singular)
kradulō (nominative plural)
kradulōs (nominative plural)
kradul (accusative singular)
kradulā (accusative plural)
kradulas (genitive singular)
kradulō (genitive plural)
kradulē (dative singular)
kradulum (dative plural)
kradulu (instrumental singular)
kradulum (instrumental plural)

Old English: cradol, cradel
Middle English: cradel, credel
English: cradle
Scots: cradill, credill

From Proto-Germanic *kradulaz. Equivalent to *kradō + *-ul.


slingwan

slingwan (infinitive)
slingwannjas (genitive infinitive)
slingwannjē (dative infinitive)
slingwannju (infinitive instrumental)
slingu (first-person present singular)
slangw (first-person past singular)
slingwiʀi (present second-person singular)
slungī (past second-person singular)
slingwidi (present singular third-person)
slangw (past singular third-person)
slingum (first-person plural present)
slungum (first-person past plural)
slingwid (plural present second-person)
slungud (past plural second-person)
slingwand (plural present third-person)
slungun (past plural third-person)
slingwē (first-person present singular)
slungī (first-person past singular)
slingwēs (present second-person singular)
slingwē (present singular third-person)
slungī (past singular third-person)
slingwēm (first-person plural present)
slungīm (first-person past plural)
slingwēþ (plural present second-person)
slungīd (past plural second-person)
slingwēn (plural present third-person)
slungīn (past plural third-person)
slingw (present singular)
slingwid (plural present)
slingwandī (participle present)
slungan (participle past)

Old English: slingan

Middle English: slyngen

English: sling

Old Saxon: slingan

Middle Low German: slingen

Low German: slingen

Old Dutch: *slingan

Middle Dutch: slingen

Dutch: slingen

⇒ Middle Dutch: slingeren

Dutch: slingeren

Old High German: slingan

Middle High German: slingen

German: schlingen


adisō

adisō (nominative singular)
adisan (nominative plural)
adisan (accusative singular)
adisan (accusative plural)
adisini (genitive singular)
adisan (genitive singular)
adisanō (genitive plural)
adisini (dative singular)
adisan (dative singular)
adisum (dative plural)
adisini (instrumental singular)
adisan (instrumental singular)
adisum (instrumental plural)

Old English: adesa, eadesa

Middle English: adse

Scots: eetch

English: adze


sīmō

sīmō (nominative singular)
sīman (nominative plural)
sīman (accusative singular)
sīman (accusative plural)
sīmini (genitive singular)
sīman (genitive singular)
sīmanō (genitive plural)
sīmini (dative singular)
sīman (dative singular)
sīmum (dative plural)
sīmini (instrumental singular)
sīman (instrumental singular)
sīmum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sīma

Old Frisian: sīma, sīm

North Frisian: seem

Old Saxon: sīmo


kwelan

kwelan (infinitive)
kwelannjas (genitive infinitive)
kwelannjē (dative infinitive)
kwelannju (infinitive instrumental)
kwelu (first-person present singular)
kwal (first-person past singular)
kwiliʀi (present second-person singular)
kwālī (past second-person singular)
kwilidi (present singular third-person)
kwal (past singular third-person)
kwelum (first-person plural present)
kwālum (first-person past plural)
kwilid (plural present second-person)
kwālud (past plural second-person)
kweland (plural present third-person)
kwālun (past plural third-person)
kwelē (first-person present singular)
kwālī (first-person past singular)
kwelēs (present second-person singular)
kwelē (present singular third-person)
kwālī (past singular third-person)
kwelēm (first-person plural present)
kwālīm (first-person past plural)
kwelēþ (plural present second-person)
kwālīd (past plural second-person)
kwelēn (plural present third-person)
kwālīn (past plural third-person)
kwil (present singular)
kwilid (plural present)
kwelandī (participle present)
kolan (participle past)

Old English: cwelan
Middle English: quelen
English: queal

Old Saxon: quelan

Middle Low German: quelen

German Low German: quälen

Old Dutch: *quelan

Middle Dutch: quēlen
Dutch: kwelen
→ Middle English: quaylen, quaile, quayle, quayll
English: quail, queal, quele

Old High German: quelan

Middle High German: queln

German: quälen


sebundō

sebundō (masculine nominative singular)
sebundā (feminine nominative singular)
sebundā (neuter nominative singular)
sebundan (accusative masculine singular)
sebundōn (accusative feminine singular)
sebundā (accusative neuter singular)
sebundini (genitive masculine singular)
sebundan (genitive masculine singular)
sebundōn (feminine genitive singular)
sebundini (genitive neuter singular)
sebundan (genitive neuter singular)
sebundini (dative masculine singular)
sebundan (dative masculine singular)
sebundōn (dative feminine singular)
sebundini (dative neuter singular)
sebundan (dative neuter singular)
sebundini (instrumental masculine singular)
sebundan (instrumental masculine singular)
sebundōn (feminine instrumental singular)
sebundini (instrumental neuter singular)
sebundan (instrumental neuter singular)
sebundan (masculine nominative plural)
sebundōn (feminine nominative plural)
sebundōn (neuter nominative plural)
sebundan (accusative masculine plural)
sebundōn (accusative feminine plural)
sebundōn (accusative neuter plural)
sebundanō (genitive masculine plural)
sebundōnō (feminine genitive plural)
sebundanō (genitive neuter plural)
sebundum (dative masculine plural)
sebundōm (dative feminine plural)
sebundum (dative feminine plural)
sebundum (dative neuter plural)
sebundum (instrumental masculine plural)
sebundōm (feminine instrumental plural)
sebundum (feminine instrumental plural)
sebundum (instrumental neuter plural)
*sebunþō (alternative)

Old English: seofoþa
Middle English: seventhe, sefnthe, sefte, sefth, sevend, sevende, seventh, sevenþe, seveþe, sevynte, sevynth, zevende, sefennde, seofaþe, seofeðe, seofoðe, seoveðe (Early Middle English)
English: seventh
Scots: seevent

Old Frisian: sigunda

Saterland Frisian: sogende

West Frisian: sânde

Old Saxon: sivondo, sivotho

Middle Low German: sevende

Old Dutch: *sivondo

Middle Dutch: sēvende
Dutch: zevende
Afrikaans: sewende
Negerhollands: sevende, seevende
Limburgish: zeuvendje

Old High German: sibunto

Middle High German: sibente, sibende

Cimbrian: zibante

German: siebente, siebte

Yiddish: זיבעט (zibet)


leskan

leskan (infinitive)
leskannjas (genitive infinitive)
leskannjē (dative infinitive)
leskannju (infinitive instrumental)
lesku (first-person present singular)
lask (first-person past singular)
liskiʀi (present second-person singular)
luskī (past second-person singular)
liskidi (present singular third-person)
lask (past singular third-person)
leskum (first-person plural present)
luskum (first-person past plural)
liskid (plural present second-person)
luskud (past plural second-person)
leskand (plural present third-person)
luskun (past plural third-person)
leskē (first-person present singular)
luskī (first-person past singular)
leskēs (present second-person singular)
leskē (present singular third-person)
luskī (past singular third-person)
leskēm (first-person plural present)
luskīm (first-person past plural)
leskēþ (plural present second-person)
luskīd (past plural second-person)
leskēn (plural present third-person)
luskīn (past plural third-person)
lisk (present singular)
liskid (plural present)
leskandī (participle present)
loskan (participle past)

Old Saxon: leskan

Middle Low German: leschen

→ Swedish: läska

Old Dutch: *lescan

Middle Dutch: lesschen

Dutch: lessen

Afrikaans: les

Old High German: leskan

Middle High German: leschen

German: löschen

Yiddish: לעשן (leshn)


hardī

hardī (nominative singular)
hardīn (accusative singular)
hardīn (genitive singular)
hardīn (dative singular)
hardīn (instrumental singular)

Old High German: hartī, herte, hertī
Middle High German: herte
German: Härte

From Proto-Germanic *hardį̄. Equivalent to *hard(ī) (“hard”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).


haup

haup (nominative singular)
haupō (nominative plural)
haupōs (nominative plural)
haup (accusative singular)
haupā (accusative plural)
haupas (genitive singular)
haupō (genitive plural)
haupē (dative singular)
haupum (dative plural)
haupu (instrumental singular)
haupum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hēap

Middle English: hepe, heep

English: heap

Scots: hepe, heip

Old Frisian: hāp

Saterland Frisian: Hoop

West Frisian: heap

Old Saxon: hōp

Middle Low German: hôp

German Low German: Hoop

→ Old Norse: hópr

Icelandic: hópur

Faroese: hópur

Norwegian: hop

Danish: hob

Swedish: hop

Old Dutch: *hōp

Middle Dutch: hôop

Dutch: hoop

Afrikaans: hoop

Limburgish: houp

Old High German: houf

Middle High German: houf

i

merged with <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*hūpô</i>

German: Haufen (merged with *hūpô)

→ Old French: houpe

Middle French: houppe

French: houppe


neundō

neundō (masculine nominative singular)
neundā (feminine nominative singular)
neundā (neuter nominative singular)
neundan (accusative masculine singular)
neundōn (accusative feminine singular)
neundā (accusative neuter singular)
niundini (genitive masculine singular)
neundan (genitive masculine singular)
neundōn (feminine genitive singular)
niundini (genitive neuter singular)
neundan (genitive neuter singular)
niundini (dative masculine singular)
neundan (dative masculine singular)
neundōn (dative feminine singular)
niundini (dative neuter singular)
neundan (dative neuter singular)
niundini (instrumental masculine singular)
neundan (instrumental masculine singular)
neundōn (feminine instrumental singular)
niundini (instrumental neuter singular)
neundan (instrumental neuter singular)
neundan (masculine nominative plural)
neundōn (feminine nominative plural)
neundōn (neuter nominative plural)
neundan (accusative masculine plural)
neundōn (accusative feminine plural)
neundōn (accusative neuter plural)
neundanō (genitive masculine plural)
neundōnō (feminine genitive plural)
neundanō (genitive neuter plural)
neundum (dative masculine plural)
neundōm (dative feminine plural)
neundum (dative feminine plural)
neundum (dative neuter plural)
neundum (instrumental masculine plural)
neundōm (feminine instrumental plural)
neundum (feminine instrumental plural)
neundum (instrumental neuter plural)
*nigundō (alternative)
*nigunþō (alternative)

desctree

Old English: niġoþa, nigeþa, nīoþa
Middle English: nynthe, neȝende, nend, neyneþe, neynt, neynþe, niþe, nyneþe, nyend, nyghend, nynnte, nynte, nynþe, nyþe, nieðe, niȝeðe, niȝende, niȝoðe (Early Middle English)
English: ninth
Scots: nint, ninte, nyint, nynt, nynte

Old Frisian: nigunda

Saterland Frisian: njúgende

West Frisian: njoggende

Old Saxon: nigunda, nigundo, nigutho

Middle Low German: negende

Old Dutch: *nigundo

Middle Dutch: nēgende
Dutch: negende
Afrikaans: negende
Negerhollands: negende, neegende
Limburgish: negendje

Old High German: niunto

Middle High German: niunte

Cimbrian: nòinte

German: neunte

Yiddish: נײַנט (naynt)


witalaus

witalaus (masculine nominative singular)
witalausu (feminine nominative singular)
witalaus (neuter nominative singular)
witalausanā (accusative masculine singular)
witalausā (accusative feminine singular)
witalaus (accusative neuter singular)
witalausas (genitive masculine singular)
witalauseʀā (feminine genitive singular)
witalausas (genitive neuter singular)
witalausumē (dative masculine singular)
witalauseʀē (dative feminine singular)
witalausumē (dative neuter singular)
witalausu (instrumental masculine singular)
witalauseʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
witalausu (instrumental neuter singular)
witalausē (masculine nominative plural)
witalausō (feminine nominative plural)
witalausu (neuter nominative plural)
witalausā (accusative masculine plural)
witalausā (accusative feminine plural)
witalausu (accusative neuter plural)
witalauseʀō (genitive masculine plural)
witalauseʀō (feminine genitive plural)
witalauseʀō (genitive neuter plural)
witalausēm (dative masculine plural)
witalausum (dative masculine plural)
witalausēm (dative feminine plural)
witalausum (dative feminine plural)
witalausēm (dative neuter plural)
witalausum (dative neuter plural)
witalausēm (instrumental masculine plural)
witalausum (instrumental masculine plural)
witalausēm (feminine instrumental plural)
witalausum (feminine instrumental plural)
witalausēm (instrumental neuter plural)
witalausum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: witlēas

Middle English: witles

English: witless

Old High German: wizzilos
Middle High German: witzelōs
German: witzlos

Old Saxon: *witlōs

Middle Low German: witlôs