pūkijan

pūkijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
pūkijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
pūkijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
pūkijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
pūkiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
pūkidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
pūkisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
pūkidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
pūkidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
pūkiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
pūkidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
pūkidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
pūkijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
pūkidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
pūkiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
pūkidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
pūkijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
pūkidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
pūkijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
pūkidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
pūkijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
pūkidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
pūkijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
pūkidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
pūkijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
pūkidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
pūkijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
pūkidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
pūkijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
pūkidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
pūki (class-1 present singular weak)
pūkiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
pūkijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
pūkid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: pȳcan

desctree

Middle English: piken, picken, pikken, pykken, pyken, pycken, pyke, picke, pyek, pic
English: pick
Scots: pik, pick

Old Saxon: *pūken

Middle Low German: pūken

Old Dutch: *pūken

Middle Dutch: *puken

Dutch: puiken

⇒ Middle Dutch: utepuken


stulljan

stulljan (class-1 infinitive weak)
stulljannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
stulljannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
stulljannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
stullju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stuldā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stulisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stuldēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stuldōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stuliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stuldē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stuldā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stulljum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stuldum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stuliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stuldud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stulljanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stuldun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stulljē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stuldī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stulljēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stuldī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stulljē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stuldī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stulljēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stuldīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stulljēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stuldīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stulljēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stuldīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stuli (class-1 present singular weak)
stuliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
stulljandī (class-1 participle present weak)
stuld (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: styllan

Old High German: stullen

Likely originated from a derivation of Proto-Indo-European *stel- (“to put, place”).


mātugijan

mātugijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
mātugijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
mātugijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
mātugijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
mātugiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
mātugidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
mātugisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
mātugidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
mātugidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
mātugiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
mātugidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
mātugidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
mātugijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
mātugidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
mātugiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
mātugidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
mātugijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
mātugidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
mātugijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
mātugidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
mātugijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
mātugidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
mātugijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
mātugidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
mātugijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
mātugidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
mātugijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
mātugidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
mātugijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
mātugidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
mātugi (class-1 present singular weak)
mātugiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
mātugijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
mātugid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *mǣtgan

⇒ Old English: gemǣtgan

Old Saxon: *mātigian

Middle Low German: mātigen, mētigen

Old Dutch: *mātigen

Middle Dutch: mâtigen

Dutch: matigen

Old High German: *māzīgen

Middle High German: mæzigen

German: mäßigen, mässigen


happjā

happjā (nominative singular)
happjōn (nominative plural)
happjōn (accusative singular)
happjōn (accusative plural)
happjōn (genitive singular)
happjōnō (genitive plural)
happjōn (dative singular)
happjōm (dative plural)
happjum (dative plural)
happjōn (instrumental singular)
happjōm (instrumental plural)
happjum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *heppia, *hepa

Middle Low German: heppe, hēpe, heipe

Old Dutch: *hepa

Middle Dutch: hēpe

Dutch: heep, (dialectal) hiep

desc

Old High German: habba, hābba, happa, hebba, heppa

Middle High German: happe, hepe, heppe

German: Hippe (“billhook”), (dialectal) Heppe

→ Old French: happe, hape

Middle French: happe, hape (“axe", also "curved piece of metal used as a clamp, crampon”)

gl

extant senses mostly derived from the related verb <i class="Latn mention" lang="fr">happer</i>

French: happe (extant senses mostly derived from the related verb happer)

→ Vulgar Latin: *happia (see there for further descendants)

Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Germanic *hap- (“to bend, curve”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kemb- (“to bend, curve”); or related to Ancient Greek κοπίς (kopís, “cleaver”), Lithuanian kàpti (“to chop”), Proto-Slavic *kopati (“dig, till”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep- (“to cut, cleave”); possibly a merger of both.

der

a tool used for cutting or pruning (e.g. knife, billhook, sickle, axe, etc.)


elpandabainīn

elpandabainīn (masculine nominative singular)
elpandabainīnu (feminine nominative singular)
elpandabainīn (neuter nominative singular)
elpandabainīnanā (accusative masculine singular)
elpandabainīnā (accusative feminine singular)
elpandabainīn (accusative neuter singular)
elpandabainīnas (genitive masculine singular)
elpandabainīneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
elpandabainīnas (genitive neuter singular)
elpandabainīnumē (dative masculine singular)
elpandabainīneʀē (dative feminine singular)
elpandabainīnumē (dative neuter singular)
elpandabainīnu (instrumental masculine singular)
elpandabainīneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
elpandabainīnu (instrumental neuter singular)
elpandabainīnē (masculine nominative plural)
elpandabainīnō (feminine nominative plural)
elpandabainīnu (neuter nominative plural)
elpandabainīnā (accusative masculine plural)
elpandabainīnā (accusative feminine plural)
elpandabainīnu (accusative neuter plural)
elpandabainīneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
elpandabainīneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
elpandabainīneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
elpandabainīnēm (dative masculine plural)
elpandabainīnum (dative masculine plural)
elpandabainīnēm (dative feminine plural)
elpandabainīnum (dative feminine plural)
elpandabainīnēm (dative neuter plural)
elpandabainīnum (dative neuter plural)
elpandabainīnēm (instrumental masculine plural)
elpandabainīnum (instrumental masculine plural)
elpandabainīnēm (feminine instrumental plural)
elpandabainīnum (feminine instrumental plural)
elpandabainīnēm (instrumental neuter plural)
elpandabainīnum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: elpendbǣnen

Middle English: ylpenbænen

Old Frisian: *elpendbēnen, *elpenbēnen

West Frisian: elpenbienen

Old Saxon: *elpandbēnīn

desc

Middle Low German: elpenbênen, elpenbeinen

Old Dutch: elpantbēnin

Middle Dutch: elpenbenen

Dutch: elpenbeenen (obsolete), elpenbenen

→ West Frisian: elpenbenen

Old High German: elfantbeinīn, helfantbeinīn

Middle High German: ëlfenbeinīn, hëlfenbeinīn

⇒ German: elfenbeinern

From *elpandabain (“ivory”) + *-īn (adjective suffix).


bautil

bautil (nominative singular)
bautilō (nominative plural)
bautilōs (nominative plural)
bautil (accusative singular)
bautilā (accusative plural)
bautilas (genitive singular)
bautilō (genitive plural)
bautilē (dative singular)
bautilum (dative plural)
bautilu (instrumental singular)
bautilum (instrumental plural)

desc

Old English: bīetel, bȳtel, bītel, bȳtl, bītl

Middle English: betel

English: beetle (“mallet”)

Scots: betill, bitill

Old Saxon: *bōtil

Middle Low German: bôtel, bö̂tel

Low German: Bötel

→ Saterland Frisian: Boitel, Bötel

Old High German: *bōzil

⇒ Old High German: steinbōzil

From Proto-Germanic *bautilaz, equivalent to *bautan + *-il.


krōn

krōn (nominative singular)
krōnō (nominative plural)
krōnōs (nominative plural)
krōn (accusative singular)
krōnā (accusative plural)
krōnas (genitive singular)
krōnō (genitive plural)
krōnē (dative singular)
krōnum (dative plural)
krōnu (instrumental singular)
krōnum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *krōn

Middle Low German: krôn, kroen, krûn

German Low German: Kroon

Old High German: *kruon

Middle High German: kruon

>? Luxembourgish: Krunn (possibly, in part)

From Proto-Germanic *krōnaz, an ablaut variant of *kranaz and/or *kranô.


wāt

wāt (masculine nominative singular)
wātu (feminine nominative singular)
wāt (neuter nominative singular)
wātanā (accusative masculine singular)
wātā (accusative feminine singular)
wāt (accusative neuter singular)
wātas (genitive masculine singular)
wāteʀā (feminine genitive singular)
wātas (genitive neuter singular)
wātumē (dative masculine singular)
wāteʀē (dative feminine singular)
wātumē (dative neuter singular)
wātu (instrumental masculine singular)
wāteʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
wātu (instrumental neuter singular)
wātē (masculine nominative plural)
wātō (feminine nominative plural)
wātu (neuter nominative plural)
wātā (accusative masculine plural)
wātā (accusative feminine plural)
wātu (accusative neuter plural)
wāteʀō (genitive masculine plural)
wāteʀō (feminine genitive plural)
wāteʀō (genitive neuter plural)
wātēm (dative masculine plural)
wātum (dative masculine plural)
wātēm (dative feminine plural)
wātum (dative feminine plural)
wātēm (dative neuter plural)
wātum (dative neuter plural)
wātēm (instrumental masculine plural)
wātum (instrumental masculine plural)
wātēm (feminine instrumental plural)
wātum (feminine instrumental plural)
wātēm (instrumental neuter plural)
wātum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: wǣt

Middle English: wāt, wēt, weet

Scots: weet, weit

English: weet (dialectal)

Old Frisian: wēt

North Frisian: weet, wiat, wäit

Saterland Frisian: wäit

West Frisian: wiet

>? Old Dutch: *wāt

Middle Dutch: wet, wit (possibly borrowed from Frisian)

⇒ Middle Dutch: verwetten

⇒ Middle Dutch: wetheit


rakōn

rakōn (infinitive)
rakōnijas (genitive infinitive)
rakōnijē (dative infinitive)
rakōniju (infinitive instrumental)
rakō (first-person present singular)
rakōdā (first-person past singular)
rakōs (present second-person singular)
rakōdēs (past second-person singular)
rakōdōs (past second-person singular)
rakōþ (present singular third-person)
rakōdē (past singular third-person)
rakōdā (past singular third-person)
rakōm (first-person plural present)
rakōdum (first-person past plural)
rakōþ (plural present second-person)
rakōdud (past plural second-person)
rakōnþ (plural present third-person)
rakōdun (past plural third-person)
rakōdī (first-person past singular)
rakōdī (past second-person singular)
rakō (present singular third-person)
rakōdī (past singular third-person)
rakōdīm (first-person past plural)
rakōdīd (past plural second-person)
rakōn (plural present third-person)
rakōdīn (past plural third-person)
rakō (present singular)
rakōþ (plural present)
rakōndī (participle present)
rakōd (participle past)

Old English: racian (“to rule, direct”)

Middle English: raken

English: rake

Old Saxon: *rakon

Middle Low German: rāken (“to touch, hit”)

→ Danish: rage (“to concern”)

→ Swedish: råka (“to happen to do”)

Old Dutch: *racon

Middle Dutch: rāken (“to touch, hit”)

Dutch: raken


uʀblindēn

uʀblindēn (infinitive)
uʀblindēnijas (genitive infinitive)
uʀblindēnijē (dative infinitive)
uʀblindēniju (infinitive instrumental)
uʀblindē (first-person present singular)
uʀblind?dā (first-person past singular)
uʀblindēs (present second-person singular)
uʀblind?dēs (past second-person singular)
uʀblindēþ (present singular third-person)
uʀblind?dē (past singular third-person)
uʀblind?dā (past singular third-person)
uʀblindēm (first-person plural present)
uʀblind?dum (first-person past plural)
uʀblindēþ (plural present second-person)
uʀblind?dud (past plural second-person)
uʀblindēnþ (plural present third-person)
uʀblind?dun (past plural third-person)
uʀblind?dī (first-person past singular)
uʀblind?dī (past second-person singular)
uʀblindē (present singular third-person)
uʀblind?dī (past singular third-person)
uʀblind?dīm (first-person past plural)
uʀblind?dīd (past plural second-person)
uʀblindēn (plural present third-person)
uʀblind?dīn (past plural third-person)
uʀblindē (present singular)
uʀblindēþ (plural present)
uʀblindēndī (participle present)
uʀblind?d (participle past)

Old English: āblindian

Middle English: ablinden

Old Dutch: *irblindon, *āblindon

Middle Dutch: erblinden

Old High German: irblintēn

Middle High German: erblinden

German: erblinden


blindēn

blindēn (infinitive)
blindēnijas (genitive infinitive)
blindēnijē (dative infinitive)
blindēniju (infinitive instrumental)
blindē (first-person present singular)
blind?dā (first-person past singular)
blindēs (present second-person singular)
blind?dēs (past second-person singular)
blindēþ (present singular third-person)
blind?dē (past singular third-person)
blind?dā (past singular third-person)
blindēm (first-person plural present)
blind?dum (first-person past plural)
blindēþ (plural present second-person)
blind?dud (past plural second-person)
blindēnþ (plural present third-person)
blind?dun (past plural third-person)
blind?dī (first-person past singular)
blind?dī (past second-person singular)
blindē (present singular third-person)
blind?dī (past singular third-person)
blind?dīm (first-person past plural)
blind?dīd (past plural second-person)
blindēn (plural present third-person)
blind?dīn (past plural third-person)
blindē (present singular)
blindēþ (plural present)
blindēndī (participle present)
blind?d (participle past)

Old English: *blindian

Middle English: blinden

Old Saxon: *blindōn

Middle Low German: blinden

desctree

Old Dutch: *blindon
Middle Dutch: blinden
Dutch: blinden

Old High German: blintēn

Middle High German: blinden


blindōn

blindōn (infinitive)
blindōnijas (genitive infinitive)
blindōnijē (dative infinitive)
blindōniju (infinitive instrumental)
blindō (first-person present singular)
blindōdā (first-person past singular)
blindōs (present second-person singular)
blindōdēs (past second-person singular)
blindōdōs (past second-person singular)
blindōþ (present singular third-person)
blindōdē (past singular third-person)
blindōdā (past singular third-person)
blindōm (first-person plural present)
blindōdum (first-person past plural)
blindōþ (plural present second-person)
blindōdud (past plural second-person)
blindōnþ (plural present third-person)
blindōdun (past plural third-person)
blindōdī (first-person past singular)
blindōdī (past second-person singular)
blindō (present singular third-person)
blindōdī (past singular third-person)
blindōdīm (first-person past plural)
blindōdīd (past plural second-person)
blindōn (plural present third-person)
blindōdīn (past plural third-person)
blindō (present singular)
blindōþ (plural present)
blindōndī (participle present)
blindōd (participle past)

Old English: *blindian

Middle English: blinden

English: blind

Old Frisian: blindia

Saterland Frisian: blindja

West Frisian: blynje

Old Saxon: *blindōn

Middle Low German: blinden

Old High German: *blintōn

Middle High German: blinden

From Proto-Germanic *blindōną. Equivalent to *blind + *-ōn.


biliþijan

biliþijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
biliþijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
biliþijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
biliþijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
biliþiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
biliþidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
biliþisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
biliþidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
biliþidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
biliþiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
biliþidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
biliþidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
biliþijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
biliþidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
biliþiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
biliþidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
biliþijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
biliþidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
biliþijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
biliþidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
biliþijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
biliþidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
biliþijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
biliþidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
biliþijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
biliþidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
biliþijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
biliþidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
biliþijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
biliþidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
biliþi (class-1 present singular weak)
biliþiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
biliþijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
biliþid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Frisian: biletha

Low German: bilden

Old Dutch: bilithen
Middle Dutch: bēelden
Dutch: beelden
Limburgish: beildje

Old High German: biliden

q

Middle High German: bileden, bilden (merged with the descendant of *biliþōn)

German: bilden


biliþōn

biliþōn (infinitive)
biliþōnijas (genitive infinitive)
biliþōnijē (dative infinitive)
biliþōniju (infinitive instrumental)
biliþō (first-person present singular)
biliþōdā (first-person past singular)
biliþōs (present second-person singular)
biliþōdēs (past second-person singular)
biliþōdōs (past second-person singular)
biliþōþ (present singular third-person)
biliþōdē (past singular third-person)
biliþōdā (past singular third-person)
biliþōm (first-person plural present)
biliþōdum (first-person past plural)
biliþōþ (plural present second-person)
biliþōdud (past plural second-person)
biliþōnþ (plural present third-person)
biliþōdun (past plural third-person)
biliþōdī (first-person past singular)
biliþōdī (past second-person singular)
biliþō (present singular third-person)
biliþōdī (past singular third-person)
biliþōdīm (first-person past plural)
biliþōdīd (past plural second-person)
biliþōn (plural present third-person)
biliþōdīn (past plural third-person)
biliþō (present singular)
biliþōþ (plural present)
biliþōndī (participle present)
biliþōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: bilethia

West Frisian: byldzje

Old Saxon: bilithōn

Middle Low German: bilden, bēlden

Old High German: bilidōn

Middle High German: bileden, bilden (merged with the descendant of *biliþijan)

German: bilden


fōdrōn

fōdrōn (infinitive)
fōdrōnijas (genitive infinitive)
fōdrōnijē (dative infinitive)
fōdrōniju (infinitive instrumental)
fōdrō (first-person present singular)
fōdrōdā (first-person past singular)
fōdrōs (present second-person singular)
fōdrōdēs (past second-person singular)
fōdrōdōs (past second-person singular)
fōdrōþ (present singular third-person)
fōdrōdē (past singular third-person)
fōdrōdā (past singular third-person)
fōdrōm (first-person plural present)
fōdrōdum (first-person past plural)
fōdrōþ (plural present second-person)
fōdrōdud (past plural second-person)
fōdrōnþ (plural present third-person)
fōdrōdun (past plural third-person)
fōdrōdī (first-person past singular)
fōdrōdī (past second-person singular)
fōdrō (present singular third-person)
fōdrōdī (past singular third-person)
fōdrōdīm (first-person past plural)
fōdrōdīd (past plural second-person)
fōdrōn (plural present third-person)
fōdrōdīn (past plural third-person)
fōdrō (present singular)
fōdrōþ (plural present)
fōdrōndī (participle present)
fōdrōd (participle past)

Old English: *fōdrian

Middle English: fodderen

English: fodder

Old Frisian: *fōdria

West Frisian: fuorje, forje, furje

Old Saxon: *fōdrōn

desc

Middle Low German: vōderen, vōdern, fōderen, fōdern

Old High German: *fuotarōn

Middle High German: vuoteren, vuotern, fuoteren, fuotern

From Proto-Germanic *fōdrōną, equivalent to *fōdr (“fodder”) + *-ōn.


fōdrijan

fōdrijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
fōdrijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
fōdrijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
fōdrijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
fōdriju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fōdridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fōdrisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fōdridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fōdridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fōdriþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fōdridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fōdridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fōdrijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fōdridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fōdriþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fōdridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fōdrijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fōdridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fōdrijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fōdridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fōdrijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fōdridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fōdrijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fōdridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fōdrijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fōdridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fōdrijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fōdridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fōdrijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fōdridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fōdri (class-1 present singular weak)
fōdriþ (class-1 plural present weak)
fōdrijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
fōdrid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Dutch: fuodaren

Middle Dutch: foederen

Dutch: voederen
Jersey Dutch: fâdere

desctree

⇒ Dutch: voeren
Afrikaans: voer
Negerhollands: voer

Old High German: fuotaren, fuotiren

desc

Middle High German: vüeteren, vüetern, füeteren, füetern

German: füttern


fillijan

fillijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
fillijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
fillijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
fillijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
filliju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fillidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fillisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fillidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fillidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
filliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fillidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fillidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fillijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fillidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
filliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fillidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fillijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fillidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fillijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fillidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fillijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fillidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fillijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fillidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fillijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fillidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fillijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fillidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fillijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fillidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
filli (class-1 present singular weak)
filliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
fillijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
fillid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Frisian: filla

Saterland Frisian: fille

West Frisian: fille

Old Saxon: fillian

Middle Low German: villen, fillen

German Low German: fillen

Old Dutch: fillen

desctree

Middle Dutch: villen
Dutch: villen
Afrikaans: vil
Negerhollands: fel, vel

Old High German: fillen

Middle High German: villen, fillen

German: fillen (archaic)


gabārijan

gabārijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
gabārijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
gabārijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
gabārijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
gabāriju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
gabāridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
gabārisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
gabāridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
gabāridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
gabāriþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
gabāridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
gabāridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
gabārijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
gabāridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
gabāriþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
gabāridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
gabārijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
gabāridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
gabārijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
gabāridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
gabārijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
gabāridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
gabārijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
gabāridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
gabārijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
gabāridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
gabārijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
gabāridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
gabārijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
gabāridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
gabāri (class-1 present singular weak)
gabāriþ (class-1 plural present weak)
gabārijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
gabārid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: gebǣran

Middle English: beren

Old Saxon: gibārian

Middle Low German: gibêren (or a descendant of *gabārijōn)

Old Dutch: *gibāren (or a descendant of *gabārijōn)

Middle Dutch: gebâren, gebêren (eastern)

Dutch: gebaren

Old High German: gibāren

Middle High German: gebæren

Likely derived from *gabārī (“movement of the body, behaviour”) + *-jan


gabārōn

gabārōn (infinitive)
gabārōnijas (genitive infinitive)
gabārōnijē (dative infinitive)
gabārōniju (infinitive instrumental)
gabārō (first-person present singular)
gabārōdā (first-person past singular)
gabārōs (present second-person singular)
gabārōdēs (past second-person singular)
gabārōdōs (past second-person singular)
gabārōþ (present singular third-person)
gabārōdē (past singular third-person)
gabārōdā (past singular third-person)
gabārōm (first-person plural present)
gabārōdum (first-person past plural)
gabārōþ (plural present second-person)
gabārōdud (past plural second-person)
gabārōnþ (plural present third-person)
gabārōdun (past plural third-person)
gabārōdī (first-person past singular)
gabārōdī (past second-person singular)
gabārō (present singular third-person)
gabārōdī (past singular third-person)
gabārōdīm (first-person past plural)
gabārōdīd (past plural second-person)
gabārōn (plural present third-person)
gabārōdīn (past plural third-person)
gabārō (present singular)
gabārōþ (plural present)
gabārōndī (participle present)
gabārōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: gibārōn

Middle Low German: gebâren

Old High German: gibārōn

Middle High German: gebāren

German: gebaren

Likely derived from *gabārī (“movement of the body, behaviour”) + *-ōn


bilaskijan

bilaskijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
bilaskijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
bilaskijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
bilaskijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
bilaskiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bilaskidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bilaskisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bilaskidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bilaskidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bilaskiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bilaskidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bilaskidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bilaskijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bilaskidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bilaskiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bilaskidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bilaskijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bilaskidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bilaskijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bilaskidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bilaskijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bilaskidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bilaskijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bilaskidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bilaskijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bilaskidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bilaskijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bilaskidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bilaskijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bilaskidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bilaski (class-1 present singular weak)
bilaskiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
bilaskijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
bilaskid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Frisian: bileska

Old Dutch: *bilesken

Middle Dutch: blesschen, blusschen

desctree

Dutch: blussen, blusschen (obsolete)
Afrikaans: blus
→ West Frisian: blusse


uʀlaskijan

uʀlaskijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
uʀlaskijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
uʀlaskijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
uʀlaskijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
uʀlaskiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
uʀlaskidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
uʀlaskisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
uʀlaskidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
uʀlaskidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
uʀlaskiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
uʀlaskidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
uʀlaskidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
uʀlaskijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
uʀlaskidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
uʀlaskiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
uʀlaskidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
uʀlaskijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
uʀlaskidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
uʀlaskijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
uʀlaskidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
uʀlaskijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
uʀlaskidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
uʀlaskijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
uʀlaskidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
uʀlaskijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
uʀlaskidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
uʀlaskijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
uʀlaskidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
uʀlaskijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
uʀlaskidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
uʀlaski (class-1 present singular weak)
uʀlaskiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
uʀlaskijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
uʀlaskid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: āleskian

Old Dutch: irlesken

Old High German: irlesken

Middle High German: erleschen

German: erlöschen, erleschen


walkārī

walkārī (nominative singular)
walkārijō (nominative plural)
walkārijōs (nominative plural)
walkārī (accusative singular)
walkārijā (accusative plural)
walkārijas (genitive singular)
walkārijō (genitive plural)
walkārijē (dative singular)
walkārijum (dative plural)
walkāriju (instrumental singular)
walkārijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wealcere

Middle English: walkere, walkar, walker
English: waulker, walker
Scots: waulker

Old High German: walkāri, walchare

Middle High German: walker, welker

q

obsolete <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">Welker</i>

German: Walker (obsolete Welker)

From *walk (“rolling”) + *-ārī and/or *walkan or *walkōn + *-ārī.


waigijan

waigijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
waigijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
waigijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
waigijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
waigiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
waigidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
waigisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
waigidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
waigidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
waigiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
waigidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
waigidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
waigijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
waigidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
waigiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
waigidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
waigijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
waigidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
waigijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
waigidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
waigijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
waigidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
waigijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
waigidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
waigijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
waigidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
waigijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
waigidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
waigijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
waigidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
waigi (class-1 present singular weak)
waigiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
waigijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
waigid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: wēgian

Old Dutch: weigen

Old High German: weigen

Uncertain, possibly originally a causative verb derived from the ancestor of *wīgan (“to fight, battle”).


þraigijan

þraigijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
þraigijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
þraigijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
þraigijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
þraigiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
þraigidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
þraigisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
þraigidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þraigidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þraigiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
þraigidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þraigidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þraigijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
þraigidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
þraigiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
þraigidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
þraigijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
þraigidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
þraigijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
þraigidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
þraigijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
þraigidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þraigijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
þraigidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þraigijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
þraigidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
þraigijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
þraigidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
þraigijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
þraigidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
þraigi (class-1 present singular weak)
þraigiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
þraigijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
þraigid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old Saxon: thrēgian
Middle Low German: dreigen

Old Dutch: *threigen, *thrēgen

Middle Dutch: dreigen, drêgen

Dutch: dreigen

→ Old Frisian: drēga, dreiga

desc

West Frisian: driigje, drige, dreigje, dreige

Uncertain, it is speculated to be formed from *þrį̄hwan a doublet of *þringwan (“to press, push”), which preserved the -h- that was replaced with Verner alternant -g- in the latter verb. The form *þrį̄hwan would have been reinterpreted as a class 1 strong verb, which would have led to the creation of this secondary causative with -ai-.


stukkijan

stukkijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
stukkijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
stukkijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
stukkijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
stukkiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stukkidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stukkisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stukkidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stukkidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stukkiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stukkidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stukkidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stukkijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stukkidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stukkiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stukkidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stukkijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stukkidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stukkijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stukkidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stukkijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stukkidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stukkijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stukkidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stukkijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stukkidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stukkijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stukkidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stukkijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stukkidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stukki (class-1 present singular weak)
stukkiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
stukkijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
stukkid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Dutch: stukken

Old High German: stukken


bittjan

bittjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
bittjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
bittjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
bittjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
bittju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bittā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bitisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bittēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bittōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bitiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bittē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bittā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bittjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bittum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bitiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bittud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bittjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bittun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bittjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bittī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bittjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bittī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bittjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bittī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bittjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bittīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bittjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bittīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bittjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bittīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
biti (class-1 present singular weak)
bitiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
bittjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
bitt (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: *bittan
Middle English: bitten, bytten (variant of Middle English biten (“to bite”))

Old Dutch: bitten

Old High German: bizzen

Uncertain, but likely from *biti (“bite”) + *-jan, with the semantic development: "to bite" > "to grind one's teeth" > "to moan".


fratarjan

fratarjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
fratarjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
fratarjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
fratarjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
fratarju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
frataridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fratarisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
frataridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
frataridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fratariþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
frataridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
frataridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fratarjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
frataridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fratariþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
frataridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fratarjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
frataridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fratarjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
frataridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fratarjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
frataridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fratarjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
frataridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fratarjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
frataridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fratarjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
frataridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fratarjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
frataridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fratari (class-1 present singular weak)
fratariþ (class-1 plural present weak)
fratarjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
fratarid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Frisian: fortera
Saterland Frisian: fertere
West Frisian: fertarre

Old Saxon: farterian

Middle Low German: vortēren, vörtēren

German Low German: vertehren

Old Dutch: farteren

Middle Dutch: vertēren, verterren

Dutch: verteren
Afrikaans: verteer
Negerhollands: verteer

Old High German: *firzeren

Middle High German: verzeren, verzern

German: verzehren, verzerren


unþijōn

unþijōn (infinitive)
unþijōnijas (genitive infinitive)
unþijōnijē (dative infinitive)
unþijōniju (infinitive instrumental)
unþijō (first-person present singular)
unþijōdā (first-person past singular)
unþijōs (present second-person singular)
unþijōdēs (past second-person singular)
unþijōdōs (past second-person singular)
unþijōþ (present singular third-person)
unþijōdē (past singular third-person)
unþijōdā (past singular third-person)
unþijōm (first-person plural present)
unþijōdum (first-person past plural)
unþijōþ (plural present second-person)
unþijōdud (past plural second-person)
unþijōnþ (plural present third-person)
unþijōdun (past plural third-person)
unþijōdī (first-person past singular)
unþijōdī (past second-person singular)
unþijō (present singular third-person)
unþijōdī (past singular third-person)
unþijōdīm (first-person past plural)
unþijōdīd (past plural second-person)
unþijōn (plural present third-person)
unþijōdīn (past plural third-person)
unþijō (present singular)
unþijōþ (plural present)
unþijōndī (participle present)
unþijōd (participle past)

Old English: ȳþian

Old High German: undeōn

Middle High German: ünden (or from *unþijan instead)


unþijan

unþijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
unþijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
unþijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
unþijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
unþiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
unþidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
unþisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
unþidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
unþidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
unþiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
unþidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
unþidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
unþijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
unþidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
unþiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
unþidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
unþijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
unþidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
unþijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
unþidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
unþijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
unþidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
unþijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
unþidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
unþijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
unþidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
unþijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
unþidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
unþijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
unþidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
unþi (class-1 present singular weak)
unþiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
unþijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
unþid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: ūthian

Old High German: unden

Middle High German: ünden (or from *unþijōn instead)


hrittjan

hrittjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hrittjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hrittjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hrittjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hrittju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hrittā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hritisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hrittēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hrittōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hritiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hrittē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hrittā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hrittjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hrittum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hritiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hrittud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hrittjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hrittun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hrittjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hrittī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hrittjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hrittī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hrittjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hrittī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hrittjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hrittīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hrittjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hrittīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hrittjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hrittīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hriti (class-1 present singular weak)
hritiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hrittjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hritt (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *hrittan

Middle English: ritten

English: rit (dialectal)

Old Frisian:

>? West Frisian: ridzje

Old Saxon: hrittian

Middle Low German: ritten

Old Dutch: *ritten

Middle Dutch: *ritten

Dutch: ritten

Old High German: rizzen

Middle High German: ritzen

German: ritzen


haubida-

Old English: hēafod-
Middle English: heed
English: head

Old Frisian: hāved-

West Frisian: haad-

Old Saxon: hōvid-, hōƀid-
German Low German: höövd-

Old Dutch: hōvit-, houvit-

Middle Dutch: hôvet-

Dutch: hoofd-

Old High German: houbit-

Middle High German: houbet-

German: haupt-


haubidamann

haubidamann (nominative singular)
haubidamanni (nominative plural)
haubidamannu (accusative singular)
haubidamanni (accusative plural)
haubidamanni (genitive singular)
haubidamannō (genitive plural)
haubidamanni (dative singular)
haubidamannum (dative plural)
haubidamanni (instrumental singular)
haubidamannum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hēafodmann, hēafodman
Middle English: heed man
English: head man

Old Frisian: hāvedmon

Old Saxon: hōvidmann
German Low German: Hööftmann

Old Dutch: hōvitman
Middle Dutch: hôvetman
Dutch: hoofdman

Old High German: houbitman
Middle High German: houbetman
German: Hauptmann
→ Polish: hetman
→ Belarusian: ге́тман (hjétman)
→ Bulgarian: хе́тман (hétman)
→ English: hetman
→ French: hetman
→ German: Hetman
→ Portuguese: hétmã, hétmane
→ Romanian: hatman
→ Ukrainian: ге́тьман (hétʹman)
→ Russian: ге́тман (gétman)
→ Uzbek: getman
→ Spanish: hetman


harmijan

harmijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
harmijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
harmijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
harmijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
harmiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
harmidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
harmisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
harmidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
harmidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
harmiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
harmidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
harmidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
harmijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
harmidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
harmiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
harmidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
harmijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
harmidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
harmijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
harmidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
harmijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
harmidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
harmijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
harmidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
harmijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
harmidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
harmijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
harmidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
harmijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
harmidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
harmi (class-1 present singular weak)
harmiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
harmijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
harmid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: hermian

Old Dutch: hermen

desc

→ Old French: *harnir, *hernir, *hergner

Middle French: hergner

⇒ Old French: hergnos (“evil, harmful”)

Old High German: hermen

Middle High German: hermen

German: härmen

From Proto-Germanic *harmijaną. Equivalent to *harm + *-jan.


haubidalaus

haubidalaus (masculine nominative singular)
haubidalausu (feminine nominative singular)
haubidalaus (neuter nominative singular)
haubidalausanā (accusative masculine singular)
haubidalausā (accusative feminine singular)
haubidalaus (accusative neuter singular)
haubidalausas (genitive masculine singular)
haubidalauseʀā (feminine genitive singular)
haubidalausas (genitive neuter singular)
haubidalausumē (dative masculine singular)
haubidalauseʀē (dative feminine singular)
haubidalausumē (dative neuter singular)
haubidalausu (instrumental masculine singular)
haubidalauseʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
haubidalausu (instrumental neuter singular)
haubidalausē (masculine nominative plural)
haubidalausō (feminine nominative plural)
haubidalausu (neuter nominative plural)
haubidalausā (accusative masculine plural)
haubidalausā (accusative feminine plural)
haubidalausu (accusative neuter plural)
haubidalauseʀō (genitive masculine plural)
haubidalauseʀō (feminine genitive plural)
haubidalauseʀō (genitive neuter plural)
haubidalausēm (dative masculine plural)
haubidalausum (dative masculine plural)
haubidalausēm (dative feminine plural)
haubidalausum (dative feminine plural)
haubidalausēm (dative neuter plural)
haubidalausum (dative neuter plural)
haubidalausēm (instrumental masculine plural)
haubidalausum (instrumental masculine plural)
haubidalausēm (feminine instrumental plural)
haubidalausum (feminine instrumental plural)
haubidalausēm (instrumental neuter plural)
haubidalausum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: hēafodlēas
Middle English: hevedles, heedles
English: headless

Old Frisian: hāvedlās

Old Dutch: *hōvidlōs

Middle Dutch: *hôvetloos

Dutch: hoofdloos

Old Saxon: *hōvidlōs

Middle Low German: hövetlōs

Old High German: houbitlos

Middle High German: houbetlos

German: hauptlos


sulwōn

sulwōn (infinitive)
sulwōnijas (genitive infinitive)
sulwōnijē (dative infinitive)
sulwōniju (infinitive instrumental)
sulwō (first-person present singular)
sulwōdā (first-person past singular)
sulwōs (present second-person singular)
sulwōdēs (past second-person singular)
sulwōdōs (past second-person singular)
sulwōþ (present singular third-person)
sulwōdē (past singular third-person)
sulwōdā (past singular third-person)
sulwōm (first-person plural present)
sulwōdum (first-person past plural)
sulwōþ (plural present second-person)
sulwōdud (past plural second-person)
sulwōnþ (plural present third-person)
sulwōdun (past plural third-person)
sulwōdī (first-person past singular)
sulwōdī (past second-person singular)
sulwō (present singular third-person)
sulwōdī (past singular third-person)
sulwōdīm (first-person past plural)
sulwōdīd (past plural second-person)
sulwōn (plural present third-person)
sulwōdīn (past plural third-person)
sulwō (present singular)
sulwōþ (plural present)
sulwōndī (participle present)
sulwōd (participle past)

From earlier *sulwijan, equivalent to *sulu (“dirty”) + *-ōn.


sulwijan

sulwijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
sulwijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
sulwijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
sulwijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
sulwiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
sulwidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sulwisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
sulwidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sulwidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sulwiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
sulwidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sulwidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sulwijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
sulwidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sulwiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
sulwidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
sulwijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
sulwidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sulwijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
sulwidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sulwijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
sulwidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sulwijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
sulwidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sulwijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
sulwidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sulwijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
sulwidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
sulwijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
sulwidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sulwi (class-1 present singular weak)
sulwiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
sulwijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
sulwid (class-1 participle past weak)
*sulwōn (alternative)
*sulōn (alternative)
*sulljan (alternative)

Old English: sylian, sulian, selian
Middle English: sulen, sulien
English: sully

Old Frisian: *sulia

⇒ Old Frisian: sulinge, sulenge

Old Saxon: sulwian

Middle Low German: sȫlen

German Low German: sölen

Norwegian:

→ Norwegian Bokmål: søle

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: søle, søyle

→ Swedish: söla

→ Danish: søle

Old Dutch: *sulwen

Middle Dutch: soluwen (Middle Flemish)

West Flemish: seulewen

desc

Old High German: *sulen, *sulwen, *sullen

Middle High German: sulen, sulwen, sülen, sülwen

German: suhlen, sühlen

desctree

→ Old French: souillier, soillier
Middle French: souiller
French: souiller

From Proto-Germanic *sulwijaną, equivalent to *sulu (“dirty”) + *-jan.


ungalaubō

ungalaubō (nominative singular)
ungalauban (nominative plural)
ungalauban (accusative singular)
ungalauban (accusative plural)
ungalaubini (genitive singular)
ungalauban (genitive singular)
ungalaubanō (genitive plural)
ungalaubini (dative singular)
ungalauban (dative singular)
ungalaubum (dative plural)
ungalaubini (instrumental singular)
ungalauban (instrumental singular)
ungalaubum (instrumental plural)

Old English: unġeleafa

Middle English: *unilēve (suggested by unilēfful, unilēflīces, unilēfsumnesse, etc.)

Old Frisian: unlāva

West Frisian: ûnleauwe

Old Saxon: ungilōvo, *unlōvo

Middle Low German: ungelôve, unlôve

German Low German: Unglove, Ungloov

desc

→ Saterland Frisian: Uunglove, Uungloowe

Dutch: ongeloof

Old High German: ungiloubo

Middle High German: ungeloube, ungloube

German: Unglaube


auknōn

auknōn (infinitive)
auknōnijas (genitive infinitive)
auknōnijē (dative infinitive)
auknōniju (infinitive instrumental)
auknō (first-person present singular)
auknōdā (first-person past singular)
auknōs (present second-person singular)
auknōdēs (past second-person singular)
auknōdōs (past second-person singular)
auknōþ (present singular third-person)
auknōdē (past singular third-person)
auknōdā (past singular third-person)
auknōm (first-person plural present)
auknōdum (first-person past plural)
auknōþ (plural present second-person)
auknōdud (past plural second-person)
auknōnþ (plural present third-person)
auknōdun (past plural third-person)
auknōdī (first-person past singular)
auknōdī (past second-person singular)
auknō (present singular third-person)
auknōdī (past singular third-person)
auknōdīm (first-person past plural)
auknōdīd (past plural second-person)
auknōn (plural present third-person)
auknōdīn (past plural third-person)
auknō (present singular)
auknōþ (plural present)
auknōndī (participle present)
auknōd (participle past)

Old English: ēacnian

(intransitive) to grow, to become larger


aukijan

aukijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
aukijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
aukijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
aukijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
aukiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
aukidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
aukisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
aukidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
aukidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
aukiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
aukidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
aukidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
aukijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
aukidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
aukiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
aukidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
aukijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
aukidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
aukijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
aukidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
aukijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
aukidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
aukijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
aukidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
aukijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
aukidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
aukijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
aukidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
aukijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
aukidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
auki (class-1 present singular weak)
aukiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
aukijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
aukid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: īecan

q

Middle English: eken (merged with the descendants of *aukan and *aukōn)

English: eke

Old Saxon: ōkian

Middle Low German: ȫken

Old Dutch: *ōken (uncertain, could also be from *aukan and / or *aukōn)

Middle Dutch: ôken

Old High German: *ouhhen

⇒ Old High German: giouhhen

⇒ Old High German: untarouhhen


aukōn

aukōn (infinitive)
aukōnijas (genitive infinitive)
aukōnijē (dative infinitive)
aukōniju (infinitive instrumental)
aukō (first-person present singular)
aukōdā (first-person past singular)
aukōs (present second-person singular)
aukōdēs (past second-person singular)
aukōdōs (past second-person singular)
aukōþ (present singular third-person)
aukōdē (past singular third-person)
aukōdā (past singular third-person)
aukōm (first-person plural present)
aukōdum (first-person past plural)
aukōþ (plural present second-person)
aukōdud (past plural second-person)
aukōnþ (plural present third-person)
aukōdun (past plural third-person)
aukōdī (first-person past singular)
aukōdī (past second-person singular)
aukō (present singular third-person)
aukōdī (past singular third-person)
aukōdīm (first-person past plural)
aukōdīd (past plural second-person)
aukōn (plural present third-person)
aukōdīn (past plural third-person)
aukō (present singular)
aukōþ (plural present)
aukōndī (participle present)
aukōd (participle past)

Old English: ēacian

Middle English: eken (merged with the descendants of *aukan and *aukijan)

English: eke

Old Dutch: *ōkon (uncertain, could also be from *aukan and / or *aukijan)

Middle Dutch: ôken

Old High German: ouhhōn

Middle High German: ouchen

From Proto-Germanic *aukōną. Equivalent to *aukō (“an increase”) + *-ōn.


haubidaburg

haubidaburg (nominative singular)
haubidaburgi (nominative plural)
haubidaburgu (accusative singular)
haubidaburgi (accusative plural)
haubidaburgi (genitive singular)
haubidaburgō (genitive plural)
haubidaburgi (dative singular)
haubidaburgum (dative plural)
haubidaburgi (instrumental singular)
haubidaburgum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: hēafodburg, hēafodburh
Middle English: heed burgh

Old High German: houbitburg


haubidawundu

haubidawundu (nominative singular)
haubidawundō (nominative plural)
haubidawundā (accusative singular)
haubidawundā (accusative plural)
haubidawundā (genitive singular)
haubidawundō (genitive plural)
haubidawundē (dative singular)
haubidawundōm (dative plural)
haubidawundum (dative plural)
haubidawundu (instrumental singular)
haubidawundōm (instrumental plural)
haubidawundum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hēafodwund
Middle English: hæfved wund, hæfved wunde
English: headwound

Old Frisian: hāvedwunde

West Frisian: haadwûne

Old Saxon: hōvidwunda

Old Dutch: *hōvitwunda

Dutch: hoofdwond

Old High German: *houbitwunda

German: Hauptwunde


haubidabolstr

haubidabolstr (nominative singular)
haubidabolstrō (nominative plural)
haubidabolstrōs (nominative plural)
haubidabolstr (accusative singular)
haubidabolstrā (accusative plural)
haubidabolstras (genitive singular)
haubidabolstrō (genitive plural)
haubidabolstrē (dative singular)
haubidabolstrum (dative plural)
haubidabolstru (instrumental singular)
haubidabolstrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hēafodbolster
Middle English: heed-bolster
English: head bolster

Old High German: houbitbolstar


forēhaubid

forēhaubid (nominative singular)
forēhaubidu (nominative plural)
forēhaubid (accusative singular)
forēhaubidu (accusative plural)
forēhaubidas (genitive singular)
forēhaubidō (genitive plural)
forēhaubidē (dative singular)
forēhaubidum (dative plural)
forēhaubidu (instrumental singular)
forēhaubidum (instrumental plural)

Old English: forehēafod
Middle English: forheed
English: forehead

Old Frisian: farehaft

Old Saxon: *forahōƀid, *furihōƀid

Middle Low German: vȫrhö̂vet

Low German: Vörhööft

Old Dutch: *forahōvid

Middle Dutch: vōrehôvet

Dutch: voorhoofd

desc

Old High German: *forahoubit, *furihoubit (attested as vorhoibeth, vorehouvet)

Middle High German: vorhoubet, vürhoubet

German: (archaic) Vorhaupt, (obsolete) Fürhaupt


Frīsan

frīsan (nominative plural)
frīsan (accusative plural)
frīsanō (genitive plural)
frīsum (dative plural)
frīsum (instrumental plural)

Old English: Frīsan, Frēsan

Old Frisian: Frīsa, Frēsa

West Frisian: Friezen

Old High German: Frīson, Frieson

German: Friesen

From Proto-Germanic *frīsaniz (if an n-stem like in West Germanic) or frīsīz (if an i-stem like Old Norse frísir). It is also possible that both forms existed simultaneously.


frīsō

frīsō (nominative singular)
frīsan (nominative plural)
frīsan (accusative singular)
frīsan (accusative plural)
frīsini (genitive singular)
frīsan (genitive singular)
frīsanō (genitive plural)
frīsini (dative singular)
frīsan (dative singular)
frīsum (dative plural)
frīsini (instrumental singular)
frīsan (instrumental singular)
frīsum (instrumental plural)

Old English: Frīsa, Frēsa

Middle English: Frīse

English: Frise

Old Frisian: Frīsa, Frēsa

West Frisian: Fries

Old Saxon: *Frēso

Middle Low German: Vrêse

Old Dutch: Frieso, Friso, Freso

Middle Dutch: Vriese, Vrise, Vrese, Friese, Frise

Dutch: Fries

Old High German: *Frīso, *Frieso, singular of Frīson, Frieson

German: Friese

From Proto-Germanic *frīsô (if an n-stem like in West Germanic) or *frīsiz (if an i-stem like the Old Norse plural frísir). It is also possible that both forms existed simultaneously.


lubbjan

lubbjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
lubbjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
lubbjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
lubbjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
lubbju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
lubidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
lubisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
lubidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
lubidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
lubiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
lubidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
lubidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
lubbjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
lubidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
lubiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
lubidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
lubbjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
lubidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
lubbjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
lubidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
lubbjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
lubidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
lubbjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
lubidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
lubbjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
lubidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
lubbjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
lubidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
lubbjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
lubidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
lubi (class-1 present singular weak)
lubiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
lubbjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
lubid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *lybban

gl

Middle English: *libben (found in Middle English libbyng, lybbere)

English: lib

Scots: lib

Old Saxon: lubbian

Middle Low German: lübben

Old Dutch: *lubben

Middle Dutch: lubben

Dutch: lubben

Old High German: lubben

Middle High German: lüppen


gawāpnī

gawāpnī (nominative singular)
gawāpniju (nominative plural)
gawāpnī (accusative singular)
gawāpniju (accusative plural)
gawāpnijas (genitive singular)
gawāpnijō (genitive plural)
gawāpnijē (dative singular)
gawāpnijum (dative plural)
gawāpniju (instrumental singular)
gawāpnijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġewǣpne

Old Saxon: giwāpni

Old High German: giwāfani

*ga- + *wāpn (“weapon”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix)


riddjō

riddjō (nominative singular)
riddjan (nominative plural)
riddjan (accusative singular)
riddjan (accusative plural)
riddjini (genitive singular)
riddjan (genitive singular)
riddjanō (genitive plural)
riddjini (dative singular)
riddjan (dative singular)
riddjum (dative plural)
riddjini (instrumental singular)
riddjan (instrumental singular)
riddjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ridda

Old High German: ritto

From Proto-Germanic *ridjô. Equivalent to *rīdan (“to ride”) + *-jō.


rustijan

rustijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
rustijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
rustijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
rustijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
rustiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
rustidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
rustisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
rustidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rustidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rustiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
rustidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rustidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rustijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
rustidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
rustiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
rustidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
rustijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
rustidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
rustijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
rustidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
rustijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
rustidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rustijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
rustidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rustijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
rustidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
rustijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
rustidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
rustijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
rustidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
rusti (class-1 present singular weak)
rustiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
rustijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
rustid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *rystan

Middle English: rusten, risten

desctree

merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmw-pro">*rastijan</i>

Old Frisian: resta (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *rastijan)
Saterland Frisian: rääste
West Frisian: rêste

Old Saxon: *rustian

Middle Low German: rusten

German Low German: rüsten

Old Dutch: *rusten

Middle Dutch: rusten

Dutch: rusten

Old High German: *rusten

Middle High German: rusten


bautijan

bautijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
bautijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
bautijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
bautijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
bautiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bautidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bautisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bautidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bautidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bautiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bautidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bautidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bautijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bautidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bautiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bautidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bautijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bautidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bautijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bautidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bautijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bautidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bautijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bautidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bautijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bautidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bautijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bautidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bautijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bautidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bauti (class-1 present singular weak)
bautiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
bautijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
bautid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *bōtian

Middle Low German: bö̂ten

i

>? German Low German: böten (possibly merged with descendant of bōtian (“to improve, heal”))

Old High German: bōzen

gl

merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmw-pro">*bautan</i>

Middle High German: bōzen, pōzen (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *bautan)

German: bossen

desc

→ Middle Low German: bôzen, bôsen, bôcen, bôssen, bôtzen, bôschen


glidā

glidā (nominative singular)
glidōn (nominative plural)
glidōn (accusative singular)
glidōn (accusative plural)
glidōn (genitive singular)
glidōnō (genitive plural)
glidōn (dative singular)
glidōm (dative plural)
glidum (dative plural)
glidōn (instrumental singular)
glidōm (instrumental plural)
glidum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: glida, glioda m
Middle English: glede, glide
English: glede, glead
Scots: gled, gleed

Old Frisian: *glide

West Frisian: glee

→ Dutch: glee

Old Saxon: *glida

Middle Low German: glede

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *glidǭ; compare *glīdan.


miʀdōn

miʀdōn (infinitive)
miʀdōnijas (genitive infinitive)
miʀdōnijē (dative infinitive)
miʀdōniju (infinitive instrumental)
miʀdō (first-person present singular)
miʀdōdā (first-person past singular)
miʀdōs (present second-person singular)
miʀdōdēs (past second-person singular)
miʀdōdōs (past second-person singular)
miʀdōþ (present singular third-person)
miʀdōdē (past singular third-person)
miʀdōdā (past singular third-person)
miʀdōm (first-person plural present)
miʀdōdum (first-person past plural)
miʀdōþ (plural present second-person)
miʀdōdud (past plural second-person)
miʀdōnþ (plural present third-person)
miʀdōdun (past plural third-person)
miʀdōdī (first-person past singular)
miʀdōdī (past second-person singular)
miʀdō (present singular third-person)
miʀdōdī (past singular third-person)
miʀdōdīm (first-person past plural)
miʀdōdīd (past plural second-person)
miʀdōn (plural present third-person)
miʀdōdīn (past plural third-person)
miʀdō (present singular)
miʀdōþ (plural present)
miʀdōndī (participle present)
miʀdōd (participle past)

Old English: mēdian, mēdgian

Middle English: meden

English: meed

Old Saxon: *mēdon

q

Middle Low German: mêden (likely merged with the descendant of *miʀdijan)

German Low German: meden

⇒ Old Saxon: gimēdon

⇒ Old Saxon: inmēdon

Old Dutch: *miedon

Middle Dutch: mieden, mêden (and/or from *miʀdijan)

Dutch: mieden (dialectal)

Old High German: mietōn

Middle High German: mieten (likely merged with the descendant of *miʀdijan)

German: mieten


miʀdijan

miʀdijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
miʀdijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
miʀdijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
miʀdijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
miʀdiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
miʀdidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
miʀdisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
miʀdidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
miʀdidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
miʀdiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
miʀdidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
miʀdidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
miʀdijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
miʀdidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
miʀdiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
miʀdidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
miʀdijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
miʀdidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
miʀdijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
miʀdidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
miʀdijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
miʀdidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
miʀdijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
miʀdidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
miʀdijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
miʀdidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
miʀdijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
miʀdidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
miʀdijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
miʀdidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
miʀdi (class-1 present singular weak)
miʀdiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
miʀdijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
miʀdid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English:

Middle English: meden (and/or from *miʀdōn)

English: meed

Old Saxon: mēdian

Middle Low German: mêden (likely merged with the descendant of *miʀdōn)

Old Dutch: *mieden

Middle Dutch: mieden, mêden (and/or from *miʀdōn)

Old High German: mieten

Middle High German: mieten (likely merged with the descendant of *miʀdōn)

German: mieten


hailī

hailī (nominative singular)
hailīn (accusative singular)
hailīn (genitive singular)
hailīn (dative singular)
hailīn (instrumental singular)

desctree

Old English: hǣlu, hǣlo
Middle English: hele, hale, heale, heel, heele, helle, hel, ȝel, ȝele, eale, hæle (Early Middle English)
English: heal
Scots: heal, hele
Yola: heale, heall, heal, hele

Old Dutch: *heili

Middle Dutch: heile

Old Saxon: hēli

Middle Low German: hêle, heile

Old High German: heilī

Middle High German: heile

German: Heile (obsolete)

From *hail (“healthy”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).


rittjan

rittjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
rittjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
rittjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
rittjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
rittju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
rittā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
ritisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
rittēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rittōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
ritiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
rittē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rittā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rittjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
rittum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
ritiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
rittud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
rittjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
rittun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
rittjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
rittī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
rittjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
rittī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rittjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
rittī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rittjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
rittīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
rittjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
rittīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
rittjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
rittīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
riti (class-1 present singular weak)
ritiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
rittjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
ritt (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *rittan

Middle English: ritten

English: rit

Scots: ritt

Old Saxon: *rittian

Middle Low German: ritten

Old High German: rizzen

Middle High German: ritzen

German: ritzen

→ Middle Low German: ritsen

German Low German: ritzen

→ Middle Dutch: ritsen

Dutch: ritsen


wahsijan

wahsijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
wahsijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
wahsijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
wahsijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
wahsiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wahsidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wahsisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wahsidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wahsidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wahsiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wahsidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wahsidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wahsijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wahsidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wahsiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wahsidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wahsijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wahsidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wahsijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wahsidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wahsijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wahsidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wahsijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wahsidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wahsijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wahsidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wahsijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wahsidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wahsijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wahsidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wahsi (class-1 present singular weak)
wahsiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
wahsijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
wahsid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Frisian: wexa

Old Saxon: wahsian

Old Dutch: *wahsen

Middle Dutch: wassen

Dutch: wassen

Old High German: *wahsen

Middle High German: wichsen

German: wichsen

→ Danish: vikse

⇒ Old High German: giwahsen

From Proto-Germanic *wahsijaną. Equivalent to *wahs (“wax”) + *-jan.


smakō

smakō (nominative singular)
smakan (nominative plural)
smakan (accusative singular)
smakan (accusative plural)
smakini (genitive singular)
smakan (genitive singular)
smakanō (genitive plural)
smakini (dative singular)
smakan (dative singular)
smakum (dative plural)
smakini (instrumental singular)
smakan (instrumental singular)
smakum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *smaca, *smacca

Middle English: smake, smakke

English: smake

Scots: smake

Old Frisian: smaka

Saterland Frisian: Smoak

West Frisian: smaak

Old Saxon: *smako

Middle Low German: smāke

German Low German: Smaak

Old Dutch: *smako

desctree

Middle Dutch: smāke
Dutch: smaak
Afrikaans: smaak
→ Limburgish: smaak
→ Papiamentu: smak, smaak

Old High German: smakko, smacko

Middle High German: smacke

German: Schmack

From *smakkijan, *smakēn (“to taste”) + *-ō.


smakku

smakku (nominative singular)
smakkiwi (nominative plural)
smakkō (nominative plural)
smakku (accusative singular)
smakkū (accusative plural)
smakkō (genitive singular)
smakkiwō (genitive plural)
smakkiwi (dative singular)
smakkō (dative singular)
smakkum (dative plural)
smakku (instrumental singular)
smakkum (instrumental plural)

Old English: smæċ
Middle English: smak, smac, smach, smech, ssmak, smacche, smake, smatche, smacc
English: smack
Scots: smack
⇒? Scots: smick

Old Frisian: *smak, smekk, smek

Saterland Frisian: Smoak

West Frisian: smaak

Old Saxon: *smakk, *smak

Middle Low German: smak

German Low German: Smakk, Smack

→ Danish: smag

→ Norwegian Bokmål: smak

→ Polish: smak, smaka (Central Greater Poland, Far Masovian)
→ Belarusian: смак (smak)
→ Pannonian Rusyn: смак (smak)
→ Russian: смак (smak)
→ Ukrainian: смак (smak)

→ Swedish: smak

→? Faroese: smakkur

Old Dutch: smak

Middle Dutch: smac

gl

merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmw-pro">*smakō</i>

Dutch: smaak (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *smakō)

Old High German: smak, smac

Middle High German: smac, smach

German: Schmack

Yiddish: שמעק (shmek)

⇒ Old High German: gismac, gismah

Middle High German: gesmac, gesmacke

desc

Bavarian: Gschmåckn, Gschmåch, Gschmåcha, Gschmo

Cimbrian: gasmékh

German: Geschmack, Geschmeck

Luxembourgish: Geschmaach


gruti

gruti (nominative singular)
gruttju (nominative plural)
gruti (accusative singular)
gruttju (accusative plural)
gruttjas (genitive singular)
gruttjō (genitive plural)
gruttjē (dative singular)
gruttjum (dative plural)
gruttju (instrumental singular)
gruttjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: grytt; grytta f pl

Middle English: *gryt

English: grit

Scots: grit

Old Saxon: gruttia f

Middle Low German: grütte, görte

German Low German: Grütte, Görte, Götte, Gört

→ English: goetta

Old Dutch: grutti

Middle Dutch: grutte, gurte

Dutch: grut, gort

Afrikaans: gort

→ Sranan Tongo: groto

Old High German: gruzzi

Middle High German: Grütze

German: Grütze

Luxembourgish: Grëtz

Presumably from Proto-Germanic *grutją, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrewd-


brākōn

brākōn (infinitive)
brākōnijas (genitive infinitive)
brākōnijē (dative infinitive)
brākōniju (infinitive instrumental)
brākō (first-person present singular)
brākōdā (first-person past singular)
brākōs (present second-person singular)
brākōdēs (past second-person singular)
brākōdōs (past second-person singular)
brākōþ (present singular third-person)
brākōdē (past singular third-person)
brākōdā (past singular third-person)
brākōm (first-person plural present)
brākōdum (first-person past plural)
brākōþ (plural present second-person)
brākōdud (past plural second-person)
brākōnþ (plural present third-person)
brākōdun (past plural third-person)
brākōdī (first-person past singular)
brākōdī (past second-person singular)
brākō (present singular third-person)
brākōdī (past singular third-person)
brākōdīm (first-person past plural)
brākōdīd (past plural second-person)
brākōn (plural present third-person)
brākōdīn (past plural third-person)
brākō (present singular)
brākōþ (plural present)
brākōndī (participle present)
brākōd (participle past)

Old English: *brācian

⇒ Old English: ābrācian

Old Frisian:

West Frisian: braakje, brake

Old Saxon: *brākōn

Middle Low German: brāken

Old Saxon: gibrākōn

Old Dutch: *brākon

Middle Dutch: brâken

Dutch: braken

Old High German: brāhhōn, brāchōn

Middle High German: brāchen


brākōn

Old English: *brācian

Middle English: braken

Old Frisian:

West Frisian: braakje, brake

Old Saxon: brākōn

Middle Low German: brāken

Old Dutch: *brākon

Middle Dutch: brâken

Dutch: braken

Old High German: *brāhhōn, *brāchōn

Middle High German: brāchen


saigul

saigul (nominative singular)
saigulō (nominative plural)
saigulōs (nominative plural)
saigul (accusative singular)
saigulā (accusative plural)
saigulas (genitive singular)
saigulō (genitive plural)
saigulē (dative singular)
saigulum (dative plural)
saigulu (instrumental singular)
saigulum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: sāgol
Middle English: sowel, saule, soule, sowil, saȝel
English: sole (dialectal)

Old High German: *seigal

Middle High German: seigel

Alemannic German: Seigel

Nominalization of a lost adjective from *saigijan (“to cause to sink”) + *-ul.


bakahūs

bakahūs (nominative singular)
bakahūsu (nominative plural)
bakahūs (accusative singular)
bakahūsu (accusative plural)
bakahūsas (genitive singular)
bakahūsō (genitive plural)
bakahūsē (dative singular)
bakahūsum (dative plural)
bakahūsu (instrumental singular)
bakahūsum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bæchūs, bæc-hūs
Middle English: bakhous, bachous, bakehous, bakehowse, bakehuse, bakhows, bakhowse, bakkehowse
English: bakehouse
→ Welsh: becws, bacws, becos
Scots: bake-hous
→ Irish: bácús
→ Yola: baakooze

Old Frisian: *bakhūs

Saterland Frisian: Bakhuus

West Frisian: bakhûs

Old Saxon: *bakhūs

Middle Low German: backhûs

German Low German: Backhuus

Low German: backhus

Old Dutch: *bakhūs (in placenames)

Middle Dutch: bakhuus, bac-huus

Dutch: bakhuis

Old High German: bachūs, bahhūs

Middle High German: backhūs, bachhūs

German: Backhaus


skaunōn

skaunōn (infinitive)
skaunōnijas (genitive infinitive)
skaunōnijē (dative infinitive)
skaunōniju (infinitive instrumental)
skaunō (first-person present singular)
skaunōdā (first-person past singular)
skaunōs (present second-person singular)
skaunōdēs (past second-person singular)
skaunōdōs (past second-person singular)
skaunōþ (present singular third-person)
skaunōdē (past singular third-person)
skaunōdā (past singular third-person)
skaunōm (first-person plural present)
skaunōdum (first-person past plural)
skaunōþ (plural present second-person)
skaunōdud (past plural second-person)
skaunōnþ (plural present third-person)
skaunōdun (past plural third-person)
skaunōdī (first-person past singular)
skaunōdī (past second-person singular)
skaunō (present singular third-person)
skaunōdī (past singular third-person)
skaunōdīm (first-person past plural)
skaunōdīd (past plural second-person)
skaunōn (plural present third-person)
skaunōdīn (past plural third-person)
skaunō (present singular)
skaunōþ (plural present)
skaunōndī (participle present)
skaunōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: skēnia

Old Saxon: *skōnōn

Middle Low German: schônen

Old Dutch: *scōnon
Middle Dutch: schônen
Dutch: schonen
Limburgish: sjoeane

q

Old High German: skōnnōn (attested in the past participle giskōnnōt)

Middle High German: schōnen

German: schonen


skaunijan

skaunijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
skaunijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
skaunijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
skaunijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
skauniju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skaunidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skaunisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skaunidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skaunidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skauniþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skaunidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skaunidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skaunijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skaunidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skauniþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skaunidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skaunijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skaunidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skaunijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skaunidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skaunijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skaunidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skaunijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skaunidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skaunijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skaunidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skaunijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skaunidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skaunijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skaunidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skauni (class-1 present singular weak)
skauniþ (class-1 plural present weak)
skaunijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
skaunid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *skōnian

Middle Low German: schȫnen

Old Dutch: *skōnen (and/or from *skaunōn)

desctree

Middle Dutch: schônen
Dutch: schonen
Limburgish: sjoeane

Old High German: skōnen

Middle High German: schœnen

German: schönen


skinþijan

skinþijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
skinþijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
skinþijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
skinþijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
skinþiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skinþidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skinþisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skinþidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skinþidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skinþiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skinþidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skinþidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skinþijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skinþidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skinþiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skinþidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skinþijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skinþidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skinþijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skinþidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skinþijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skinþidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skinþijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skinþidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skinþijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skinþidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skinþijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skinþidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skinþijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skinþidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skinþi (class-1 present singular weak)
skinþiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
skinþijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
skinþid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *skinþian

Middle Low German: schinden

Old Dutch: *skinþen

Middle Dutch: schinden

Old High German: skinden, skinten

Middle High German: schinden, schinten

German: schinden


mulī

mulī (nominative singular)
mulīn (accusative singular)
mulīn (genitive singular)
mulīn (dative singular)
mulīn (instrumental singular)


mulīnā

mulīnā (nominative singular)
mulīnōn (nominative plural)
mulīnōn (accusative singular)
mulīnōn (accusative plural)
mulīnōn (genitive singular)
mulīnōnō (genitive plural)
mulīnōn (dative singular)
mulīnōm (dative plural)
mulīnum (dative plural)
mulīnōn (instrumental singular)
mulīnōm (instrumental plural)
mulīnum (instrumental plural)


mulīnārī

mulīnārī (nominative singular)
mulīnārijō (nominative plural)
mulīnārijōs (nominative plural)
mulīnārī (accusative singular)
mulīnārijā (accusative plural)
mulīnārijas (genitive singular)
mulīnārijō (genitive plural)
mulīnārijē (dative singular)
mulīnārijum (dative plural)
mulīnāriju (instrumental singular)
mulīnārijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *mylnere, *mylenere

>? Middle English: mylnere, meller, mellere, melnere, millar, millere, milner, mullere, mulnere, myllar, myllare, myller, myllere, mylner
English: miller
Scots: miller
Yola: mileare

Old Saxon: *mulinari, mulineri

desc

Middle Low German: möllere, mölre, mölnere

Low German: Möller

→ Old Norse: mylnari

Icelandic: mylnari

Faroese: mylnari

Norwegian Nynorsk: mylnar; (dialectal) mylnari, mjølnar

Old Swedish: mylnare, myllare

Swedish: mjölnare

→ Finnish: mylläri

Danish: møller

Norwegian Bokmål: møller

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: møllar

Old Dutch: *molnari

Middle Dutch: molenare

Dutch: molenaar

→ Old Frisian: *molnere

West Frisian: mûnder, mûnler

desctree

Old High German: mulināri
Middle High German: mülnære, mülner, müller
Alemannic German: Müllner
Swabian: Millr
German: Müller
Central Franconian: Müller
Hunsrik: Miller
Luxembourgish: Mëller
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Miller
Vilamovian: myłner
Yiddish: מילער (miler), מילנער (milner)
→ Proto-Slavic: *mъlinařь
Belarusian: млына́р (mlynár)
Ukrainian: млина́р (mlynár)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: мли̏на̄р
Latin script: mlȉnār
Slovene: mlinar
Czech: mlynář
Polish: młynarz
Slovak: mlynár

Borrowed from Late Latin molīnārius (“miller”). Equivalent to *mulīnu (“mill”) + *-ārī.


wurtijan

wurtijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
wurtijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
wurtijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
wurtijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
wurtiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wurtidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wurtisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wurtidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wurtidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wurtiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wurtidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wurtidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wurtijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wurtidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wurtiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wurtidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wurtijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wurtidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wurtijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wurtidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wurtijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wurtidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wurtijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wurtidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wurtijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wurtidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wurtijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wurtidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wurtijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wurtidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wurti (class-1 present singular weak)
wurtiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
wurtijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
wurtid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Dutch: *wurten

⇒ Old Dutch: wurtid (“spiced”)

Old High German: wurzen

Middle High German: wurzen, würzen

German: würzen

desc

⇒ Middle High German: gewürzet (“spiced”)

German: gewürzt

→ German Low German: würzt


bīwurdī

bīurdī (nominative singular)
bīurdiju (nominative plural)
bīurdī (accusative singular)
bīurdiju (accusative plural)
bīurdijas (genitive singular)
bīurdijō (genitive plural)
bīurdijē (dative singular)
bīurdijum (dative plural)
bīurdiju (instrumental singular)
bīurdijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bīwyrde, bīwyrd

Old High German: bīwurti, pīwurti


bīword

bīword (nominative singular)
bīwordu (nominative plural)
bīword (accusative singular)
bīwordu (accusative plural)
bīwordas (genitive singular)
bīwordō (genitive plural)
bīwordē (dative singular)
bīwordum (dative plural)
bīwordu (instrumental singular)
bīwordum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bīword

Middle English: biword, byword

English: byword

Old Frisian: *bīword

Saterland Frisian: Biewoud

West Frisian: bywurd

Old Saxon: *bīword

Middle Low German: bîword, bîwort

Old Dutch: *bīwort

Middle Dutch: byword, bywoirt, bywoord

Dutch: bijwoord

Old High German: bīwort

Middle High German: bīwort

German: Beiwort

From *bī + *word. Compare Proto-West Germanic *bīwurdī.


anafaltī

anafaltī (nominative singular)
anafaltiju (nominative plural)
anafaltī (accusative singular)
anafaltiju (accusative plural)
anafaltijas (genitive singular)
anafaltijō (genitive plural)
anafaltijē (dative singular)
anafaltijum (dative plural)
anafaltiju (instrumental singular)
anafaltijum (instrumental plural)