ahtudō

ahtudō (masculine nominative singular)
ahtudā (feminine nominative singular)
ahtudā (neuter nominative singular)
ahtudan (accusative masculine singular)
ahtudōn (accusative feminine singular)
ahtudā (accusative neuter singular)
ahtudini (genitive masculine singular)
ahtudan (genitive masculine singular)
ahtudōn (feminine genitive singular)
ahtudini (genitive neuter singular)
ahtudan (genitive neuter singular)
ahtudini (dative masculine singular)
ahtudan (dative masculine singular)
ahtudōn (dative feminine singular)
ahtudini (dative neuter singular)
ahtudan (dative neuter singular)
ahtudini (instrumental masculine singular)
ahtudan (instrumental masculine singular)
ahtudōn (feminine instrumental singular)
ahtudini (instrumental neuter singular)
ahtudan (instrumental neuter singular)
ahtudan (masculine nominative plural)
ahtudōn (feminine nominative plural)
ahtudōn (neuter nominative plural)
ahtudan (accusative masculine plural)
ahtudōn (accusative feminine plural)
ahtudōn (accusative neuter plural)
ahtudanō (genitive masculine plural)
ahtudōnō (feminine genitive plural)
ahtudanō (genitive neuter plural)
ahtudum (dative masculine plural)
ahtudōm (dative feminine plural)
ahtudum (dative feminine plural)
ahtudum (dative neuter plural)
ahtudum (instrumental masculine plural)
ahtudōm (feminine instrumental plural)
ahtudum (feminine instrumental plural)
ahtudum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: eahtoþa, eahteoþa, eahteþa, ehtoþa, ehteoþa, ehteþa, ehtuþa
Middle English: eiȝtthe, eahtuðe, ehtuðe, egteðe, eyghte, aght, eiȝteþe, eyteth, eghte, aiȝtede, eighthe, eghþe, eytþe, eȝte, eytiþ, eiȝtþe
English: eighth
Scots: echt

desc

Old Frisian: achtunda, achtenda, achtanda

Saterland Frisian: oachte

West Frisian: achtste

Old Saxon: ahtodo

Middle Low German: achte

Westphalian:

Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: achde

Suerländer-Märkisch: achte

Westmünsterländisch: achte

Old Dutch: *ahtodo

Middle Dutch: achte

Old High German: ahtodo

Middle High German: ahtode, ahte, ahtede

Cimbrian: achtete

German: achte

Kölsch: aachde (Eischwiele Platt)

Luxembourgish: aacht

Yiddish: אַכט (akht)


fimftō

fimftō (masculine nominative singular)
fimftā (feminine nominative singular)
fimftā (neuter nominative singular)
fimftan (accusative masculine singular)
fimftōn (accusative feminine singular)
fimftā (accusative neuter singular)
fimftini (genitive masculine singular)
fimftan (genitive masculine singular)
fimftōn (feminine genitive singular)
fimftini (genitive neuter singular)
fimftan (genitive neuter singular)
fimftini (dative masculine singular)
fimftan (dative masculine singular)
fimftōn (dative feminine singular)
fimftini (dative neuter singular)
fimftan (dative neuter singular)
fimftini (instrumental masculine singular)
fimftan (instrumental masculine singular)
fimftōn (feminine instrumental singular)
fimftini (instrumental neuter singular)
fimftan (instrumental neuter singular)
fimftan (masculine nominative plural)
fimftōn (feminine nominative plural)
fimftōn (neuter nominative plural)
fimftan (accusative masculine plural)
fimftōn (accusative feminine plural)
fimftōn (accusative neuter plural)
fimftanō (genitive masculine plural)
fimftōnō (feminine genitive plural)
fimftanō (genitive neuter plural)
fimftum (dative masculine plural)
fimftōm (dative feminine plural)
fimftum (dative feminine plural)
fimftum (dative neuter plural)
fimftum (instrumental masculine plural)
fimftōm (feminine instrumental plural)
fimftum (feminine instrumental plural)
fimftum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: fīfta
Middle English: fifte
English: fifth
Scots: fift, fyft

Old Frisian: fīfta
North Frisian:
Föhr-Amrum: füft
Helgoland: füfs
Sylt: fifst
Saterland Frisian: fiefte, füüfte
West Frisian: fyfte

Old Saxon: fīfto

desc

Middle Low German: vefte, vifte, vofte, vöfte

Old Dutch: *fīfto

desctree

Middle Dutch: vijfte, vichte (West Flemish)
Dutch: vijfde
Afrikaans: vyfde
Negerhollands: veifde
Limburgish: viefdje

Old High German: fimfto

Middle High German: fünfte

Cimbrian: vünvte, bümbte (Mezzaselva)

German: fünfte

Yiddish: פֿינפֿט (finft)


tehundō

tehundō (masculine nominative singular)
tehundā (feminine nominative singular)
tehundā (neuter nominative singular)
tehundan (accusative masculine singular)
tehundōn (accusative feminine singular)
tehundā (accusative neuter singular)
tehundini (genitive masculine singular)
tehundan (genitive masculine singular)
tehundōn (feminine genitive singular)
tehundini (genitive neuter singular)
tehundan (genitive neuter singular)
tehundini (dative masculine singular)
tehundan (dative masculine singular)
tehundōn (dative feminine singular)
tehundini (dative neuter singular)
tehundan (dative neuter singular)
tehundini (instrumental masculine singular)
tehundan (instrumental masculine singular)
tehundōn (feminine instrumental singular)
tehundini (instrumental neuter singular)
tehundan (instrumental neuter singular)
tehundan (masculine nominative plural)
tehundōn (feminine nominative plural)
tehundōn (neuter nominative plural)
tehundan (accusative masculine plural)
tehundōn (accusative feminine plural)
tehundōn (accusative neuter plural)
tehundanō (genitive masculine plural)
tehundōnō (feminine genitive plural)
tehundanō (genitive neuter plural)
tehundum (dative masculine plural)
tehundōm (dative feminine plural)
tehundum (dative feminine plural)
tehundum (dative neuter plural)
tehundum (instrumental masculine plural)
tehundōm (feminine instrumental plural)
tehundum (feminine instrumental plural)
tehundum (instrumental neuter plural)
*tegunþō (alternative)

Old English: tēoþa, tēogoþa
Middle English: tethe, tythe, tithe
English: tithe
Scots: teith (obsolete)
⇒ Middle English: tenthe, tende
English: tenth
Scots: teind, tent

Old Frisian: tegotha, tegatha
Saterland Frisian: Teeged

⇒ Old Frisian: tiānda, tēnda

Saterland Frisian: tjaande

West Frisian: tsiende

Old Saxon: tegotho

desc

Middle Low German: tegede, tēgende, teyde

German Low German: Teegd

⇒ Old Saxon: tehando

Middle Low German: teinde

German Low German: tiehnde, tiehnd, tiehnte, tiehnt, teihnde, teihnd, teihnte, teihnt

⇒ German Low German: Teihnte m

Old Dutch: *tiando

desctree

Middle Dutch: tiende
Dutch: tiende
Afrikaans: tiende
Negerhollands: tiende
Limburgish: teendje, tieëndje

Old High German: zehanto

Middle High German: zëhente

Cimbrian: sègante

German: zehnte

Luxembourgish: zéngt

Yiddish: צענט (tsent)


þoll

þoll (nominative singular)
þollō (nominative plural)
þollōs (nominative plural)
þoll (accusative singular)
þollā (accusative plural)
þollas (genitive singular)
þollō (genitive plural)
þollē (dative singular)
þollum (dative plural)
þollu (instrumental singular)
þollum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þol, þoll
Middle English: thole
English: thole
→ Irish: dola

Old Frisian: tholl

Old Saxon: *tholl

Middle Low German: dulle, dolle

Low German: Doll, Dull

→ German: Dolle

Old Dutch: *tholl

Middle Dutch: dolle

Dutch: dol

→ Old French: *toll

⇒ Old French: *tollet

Middle French: tollet

French: tolet (see there for further descendants)


skipārī

skipārī (nominative singular)
skipārijō (nominative plural)
skipārijōs (nominative plural)
skipārī (accusative singular)
skipārijā (accusative plural)
skipārijas (genitive singular)
skipārijō (genitive plural)
skipārijē (dative singular)
skipārijum (dative plural)
skipāriju (instrumental singular)
skipārijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sċipere

Old Frisian: *skipere

Saterland Frisian: Skipper

West Frisian: skipper

Old Saxon: *skipāri

desc

Middle Low German: schippære, schippere, schēpere

German Low German: Schipper

→ German: Schipper

Old Dutch: *skipāri

Middle Dutch: schipper

Dutch: schipper

→ Middle English: skippere

English: skipper
→ German: Skipper

Old High German: *skiffāri

Middle High German: schiffære, schiffere

German: Schiffer

Yiddish: שיפֿער (shifer)

→ Vulgar Latin: *schipārī (or from Old Norse skipari)

desctree

Old French: eschipre, eskipre
Middle French: eschipre, esquipe, scippre

From Proto-Germanic *skipārijaz. Equivalent to *skip (“skip”) + *-ārī (“-er”).


bihōf

bihōf (nominative singular)
bihōfu (nominative plural)
bihōf (accusative singular)
bihōfu (accusative plural)
bihōfas (genitive singular)
bihōfō (genitive plural)
bihōfē (dative singular)
bihōfum (dative plural)
bihōfu (instrumental singular)
bihōfum (instrumental plural)

Old English: behōf

Middle English: bihove, behove

English: behoof

Scots: behufe, behuif

Old Frisian: bihōf

Saterland Frisian: Bihouf

West Frisian: behoef

Old Saxon: *bihōf

Middle Low German: behôf

German Low German: Behöf

⇒ German Low German: behövig

→ Danish: behov

→ Swedish: behov

Old Dutch: *bihuof

Middle Dutch: behoef

Dutch: behoef

Old High German: *bihuof

Middle High German: behuof

German: Behuf

From *bi- + *hōf, from Proto-Germanic *hōfą (“necessity”).


trappōn

trappōn (infinitive)
trappōnijas (genitive infinitive)
trappōnijē (dative infinitive)
trappōniju (infinitive instrumental)
trappō (first-person present singular)
trappōdā (first-person past singular)
trappōs (present second-person singular)
trappōdēs (past second-person singular)
trappōdōs (past second-person singular)
trappōþ (present singular third-person)
trappōdē (past singular third-person)
trappōdā (past singular third-person)
trappōm (first-person plural present)
trappōdum (first-person past plural)
trappōþ (plural present second-person)
trappōdud (past plural second-person)
trappōnþ (plural present third-person)
trappōdun (past plural third-person)
trappōdī (first-person past singular)
trappōdī (past second-person singular)
trappō (present singular third-person)
trappōdī (past singular third-person)
trappōdīm (first-person past plural)
trappōdīd (past plural second-person)
trappōn (plural present third-person)
trappōdīn (past plural third-person)
trappō (present singular)
trappōþ (plural present)
trappōndī (participle present)
trappōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *trappōn

Middle Low German: trappen

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: trappa, trappe

Old Dutch: *trappon, *trapon

Middle Dutch: trappen, *trapen

Dutch: trappen

⇒ Middle Dutch: betrapen

Dutch: betrapen (dialectal, Flemish)


prakkōn

prakkōn (infinitive)
prakkōnijas (genitive infinitive)
prakkōnijē (dative infinitive)
prakkōniju (infinitive instrumental)
prakkō (first-person present singular)
prakkōdā (first-person past singular)
prakkōs (present second-person singular)
prakkōdēs (past second-person singular)
prakkōdōs (past second-person singular)
prakkōþ (present singular third-person)
prakkōdē (past singular third-person)
prakkōdā (past singular third-person)
prakkōm (first-person plural present)
prakkōdum (first-person past plural)
prakkōþ (plural present second-person)
prakkōdud (past plural second-person)
prakkōnþ (plural present third-person)
prakkōdun (past plural third-person)
prakkōdī (first-person past singular)
prakkōdī (past second-person singular)
prakkō (present singular third-person)
prakkōdī (past singular third-person)
prakkōdīm (first-person past plural)
prakkōdīd (past plural second-person)
prakkōn (plural present third-person)
prakkōdīn (past plural third-person)
prakkō (present singular)
prakkōþ (plural present)
prakkōndī (participle present)
prakkōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *prakkōn

Middle Low German: *pracken

Low German: prakken

→ Norwegian:

→ Norwegian Bokmål: prakke

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: prakka, prakke

→ Swedish: pracka

→ Danish: prakke

Old Dutch: *prakkon

Middle Dutch: pracken

Dutch: prakken

Unclear, there are no known cognates outside Germanic. Kroonen reconstructs Proto-Germanic *prakkōną an iterative verb from Proto-Indo-European *brogʰ-néh₂-ti, and suggests a connection with *prangan (“to press”).


hnippōn

hnippōn (infinitive)
hnippōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hnippōnijē (dative infinitive)
hnippōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hnippō (first-person present singular)
hnippōdā (first-person past singular)
hnippōs (present second-person singular)
hnippōdēs (past second-person singular)
hnippōdōs (past second-person singular)
hnippōþ (present singular third-person)
hnippōdē (past singular third-person)
hnippōdā (past singular third-person)
hnippōm (first-person plural present)
hnippōdum (first-person past plural)
hnippōþ (plural present second-person)
hnippōdud (past plural second-person)
hnippōnþ (plural present third-person)
hnippōdun (past plural third-person)
hnippōdī (first-person past singular)
hnippōdī (past second-person singular)
hnippō (present singular third-person)
hnippōdī (past singular third-person)
hnippōdīm (first-person past plural)
hnippōdīd (past plural second-person)
hnippōn (plural present third-person)
hnippōdīn (past plural third-person)
hnippō (present singular)
hnippōþ (plural present)
hnippōndī (participle present)
hnippōd (participle past)

Old English: *hnippian

Middle English: nippen (possibly loaned from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German instead)

English: nip

Old Saxon: *hnippōn

Middle Low German: nippen

Low German: nippen

→ German: nippen

→ Norwegian Bokmål: nippe

→ Danish: nippe

Old Dutch: *nippon

Middle Dutch: nippen

Dutch: nippen

Old High German: *nipfōn

Middle High German: nipfen

German: nipfen (dialectal)


knippōn

knippōn (infinitive)
knippōnijas (genitive infinitive)
knippōnijē (dative infinitive)
knippōniju (infinitive instrumental)
knippō (first-person present singular)
knippōdā (first-person past singular)
knippōs (present second-person singular)
knippōdēs (past second-person singular)
knippōdōs (past second-person singular)
knippōþ (present singular third-person)
knippōdē (past singular third-person)
knippōdā (past singular third-person)
knippōm (first-person plural present)
knippōdum (first-person past plural)
knippōþ (plural present second-person)
knippōdud (past plural second-person)
knippōnþ (plural present third-person)
knippōdun (past plural third-person)
knippōdī (first-person past singular)
knippōdī (past second-person singular)
knippō (present singular third-person)
knippōdī (past singular third-person)
knippōdīm (first-person past plural)
knippōdīd (past plural second-person)
knippōn (plural present third-person)
knippōdīn (past plural third-person)
knippō (present singular)
knippōþ (plural present)
knippōndī (participle present)
knippōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *knippon

Middle Low German: knippen

Low German: knippen

Old Dutch: *cnippon

Middle Dutch: knippen

Dutch: knippen


beusu

beusu (nominative singular)
beusō (nominative plural)
beusā (accusative singular)
beusā (accusative plural)
beusā (genitive singular)
beusō (genitive plural)
beusē (dative singular)
beusōm (dative plural)
beusum (dative plural)
beusu (instrumental singular)
beusōm (instrumental plural)
beusum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *bēos

⇒ Old English: *Bēostūn (place name)

Middle English: Bestone, Bistone

English: Beeston

Old Frisian: *biāsa

West Frisian: biis, bies, bys

Old Saxon: bīosa

Middle Low German: bēse

Low German: Beese, Bäse, Baise, Buse, Bees, Bäis, Bäisen, Beesen

→ Middle High German: byese

Old Dutch: *biesa

Middle Dutch: biese, bise

Dutch: bies

⇒ Afrikaans: biesie

⇒ Old Dutch: Biest, Biesuth (place name)

Old High German: biosa, bieso

Middle High German: biese, bies, bize

German: Biese

Unknown. Due to the limited geographical distribution of the word and its narrow use of meaning, it is likely borrowed from a substrate.


slappōn

slappōn (infinitive)
slappōnijas (genitive infinitive)
slappōnijē (dative infinitive)
slappōniju (infinitive instrumental)
slappō (first-person present singular)
slappōdā (first-person past singular)
slappōs (present second-person singular)
slappōdēs (past second-person singular)
slappōdōs (past second-person singular)
slappōþ (present singular third-person)
slappōdē (past singular third-person)
slappōdā (past singular third-person)
slappōm (first-person plural present)
slappōdum (first-person past plural)
slappōþ (plural present second-person)
slappōdud (past plural second-person)
slappōnþ (plural present third-person)
slappōdun (past plural third-person)
slappōdī (first-person past singular)
slappōdī (past second-person singular)
slappō (present singular third-person)
slappōdī (past singular third-person)
slappōdīm (first-person past plural)
slappōdīd (past plural second-person)
slappōn (plural present third-person)
slappōdīn (past plural third-person)
slappō (present singular)
slappōþ (plural present)
slappōndī (participle present)
slappōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *slappōn

Middle Low German: slappen

Old Dutch: slappon

Middle Dutch: slappen

Dutch: slappen

Old High German: slaffōn

Middle High German: slaffen


liubiþu

liubiþu (nominative singular)
liubiþō (nominative plural)
liubiþā (accusative singular)
liubiþā (accusative plural)
liubiþā (genitive singular)
liubiþō (genitive plural)
liubiþē (dative singular)
liubiþōm (dative plural)
liubiþum (dative plural)
liubiþu (instrumental singular)
liubiþōm (instrumental plural)
liubiþum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: liāfithe, liāfte

Saterland Frisian: Ljoote

desc

West Frisian: leafde, ljeafde, liefde, lyfde

Old Saxon: *liuvitha, *lievitha

Middle Low German: lêvede, lêfde, lêfte, leefte

Low German: Liefde

German Low German: Lievde, Leevde, Leevd

Old Dutch: *liuvitha, *lievitha

Middle Dutch: lievede, liefde

desctree

Dutch: liefde
Afrikaans: liefde
Negerhollands: liefde, lievft

Old High German: *liubida

Middle High German: liebede, liebde

German: Liebde, Liebden

Luxembourgish: Léift


ambahtī

ambahtī (nominative singular)
ambahtiju (nominative plural)
ambahtī (accusative singular)
ambahtiju (accusative plural)
ambahtijas (genitive singular)
ambahtijō (genitive plural)
ambahtijē (dative singular)
ambahtijum (dative plural)
ambahtiju (instrumental singular)
ambahtijum (instrumental plural)

desc

Old English: ambeht, ambiht, ambieht, ambyht

Old Frisian: ambecht, ambet, ambt

Saterland Frisian: Amt

West Frisian: ambacht

desctree

Old Saxon: ambaht, *ambehti
Middle Low German: ambacht, ambecht, ambet, ambt, amt
German Low German: Ambacht, Amt
→ Danish: amt

Old Dutch: *ambaht

Middle Dutch: ambacht

Dutch: ambacht
Afrikaans: ambag
→ Indonesian: ambah
Negerhollands: ambacht

Old High German: ambaht, ambahti, ampaht
Middle High German: ambahte, ambehte, ambet, ammet, ampt, amt
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: åmt
Mòcheno: omt
German: Amt, Ambt, Ammt, Ampt (obsolete)
Kölsch: Amp
Vilamovian: amt, aomt
→ Middle Dutch: ampt, amt
Dutch: ambt
Afrikaans: amp
Limburgish: amb

From Proto-Germanic *ambahtiją. Equivalent to *ambaht (“servant”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).


ambahtijan

ambahtijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
ambahtijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
ambahtijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
ambahtijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
ambahtiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
ambahtidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
ambahtisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
ambahtidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
ambahtidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
ambahtiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
ambahtidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
ambahtidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
ambahtijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
ambahtidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
ambahtiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
ambahtidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
ambahtijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
ambahtidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
ambahtijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
ambahtidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
ambahtijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
ambahtidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
ambahtijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
ambahtidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
ambahtijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
ambahtidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
ambahtijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
ambahtidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
ambahtijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
ambahtidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
ambahti (class-1 present singular weak)
ambahtiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
ambahtijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
ambahtid (class-1 participle past weak)

desc

Old English: ambehtan, embehtan, embihtan, onbyhtan, embigtan

Old Saxon: *ambahtian

Middle Low German: ambachten

Old Dutch: ambahten

Middle Dutch: *ambachten

Dutch: ambachten (from an unattested Middle Dutch verb, or a more recently formed verb based on the related noun ambacht)

Old High German: ambahten

Middle High German: ambahten, ambehten, ambten

⇒ Middle High German: ambehtære

From Proto-Germanic *ambahtijaną. Equivalent to *ambaht (“servant”) + *-jan.


uppastigi

Old English: upstiġe, upstīġe

Middle English: upstige, upstiȝe, upstei

Old Saxon: *upstīg

Middle Low German: upstîch

German Low German: Upstieg

Old High German: ūfstīg

Middle High German: ūfstīc

German: Aufstieg


krammōn

krammōn (infinitive)
krammōnijas (genitive infinitive)
krammōnijē (dative infinitive)
krammōniju (infinitive instrumental)
krammō (first-person present singular)
krammōdā (first-person past singular)
krammōs (present second-person singular)
krammōdēs (past second-person singular)
krammōdōs (past second-person singular)
krammōþ (present singular third-person)
krammōdē (past singular third-person)
krammōdā (past singular third-person)
krammōm (first-person plural present)
krammōdum (first-person past plural)
krammōþ (plural present second-person)
krammōdud (past plural second-person)
krammōnþ (plural present third-person)
krammōdun (past plural third-person)
krammōdī (first-person past singular)
krammōdī (past second-person singular)
krammō (present singular third-person)
krammōdī (past singular third-person)
krammōdīm (first-person past plural)
krammōdīd (past plural second-person)
krammōn (plural present third-person)
krammōdīn (past plural third-person)
krammō (present singular)
krammōþ (plural present)
krammōndī (participle present)
krammōd (participle past)

Old English: crammian

Middle English: crammen

English: cram

Old Dutch: *krammōn

Middle Dutch: krammen

Old High German: *krammōn

Middle High German: krammen


Batauwju

Batauwju (nominative singular)
Batauwjā (accusative singular)
Batauwjā (genitive singular)
Batauwjē (dative singular)
Batauwju (instrumental singular)

Old Dutch: *Batouwa, *Betuwa

Middle Dutch: *Betuwe

Dutch: Betuwe

From Proto-Germanic *Batawjō. Equivalent to *bat (“good”) + *auwju (“island”).


tehswandr

tehswandr (nominative singular)
tehswandrō (nominative plural)
tehswandrōs (nominative plural)
tehswandr (accusative singular)
tehswandrā (accusative plural)
tehswandras (genitive singular)
tehswandrō (genitive plural)
tehswandrē (dative singular)
tehswandrum (dative plural)
tehswandru (instrumental singular)
tehswandrum (instrumental plural)

q

< <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmw-pro">*tehswandralauh</i>

⇒ Old Dutch: tessenderlō (< *tehswandralauh)

Middle Dutch: tessenderlô

Dutch: Tessenderlo

→ Latin: Texuandrī

⇒ Latin: Texandria, Toxandria

Possibly from *tehswō (“right”) + *-dr (contrastive suffix), or a derivative of *tehswō + *wandrōn (“to wander”).


swāb

swāb (nominative singular)
swābō (nominative plural)
swābōs (nominative plural)
swāb (accusative singular)
swābā (accusative plural)
swābas (genitive singular)
swābō (genitive plural)
swābē (dative singular)
swābum (dative plural)
swābu (instrumental singular)
swābum (instrumental plural)

Old English: Swǣfas pl, Swǣfe

Old Dutch: Swāf (given name)

⇒ Old Dutch: *Swāvīn (given name)

Old High German: swāb, swāp, suāb, suāp

Middle High German: swāp, swābe

German: Schwabe

→ Dutch: Zwaab

→ Romanian: șvab


Rīn

Rīn (nominative singular)
Rīn (accusative singular)

Old English: Rīn
English: Rhine

Old Dutch: *Rīn

Middle Dutch: Rijn

Dutch: Rijn, Rhijn

Afrikaans: Ryn

Limburgish: Rien

Old High German: Rīn

Middle High German: Rīn

Alemannic German: Rhy

Swabian: Rhãẽ

desc

Central Franconian: Rheng, Rhing, Rhien, Rhein

Luxembourgish: Rhäin

German: Rhein

Rhine Franconian: Rhoi, Rhei, Rhein, Rhien


Masu

Masu (nominative singular)
Masu (instrumental singular)

Old Dutch: *masa

Middle Dutch: māse

Dutch: Maas

→ West Frisian: Maas

→ Norwegian: Maas

→ Swedish: Maas

→ Danish: Maas

→ Hungarian: Maas

→ Bulgarian: Маас (Maas)

→ Russian: Маас (Maas)

Limburgish: Maas, Maos

Old High German: Masa

Middle High German: *Mase

German: Maas

→ Czech: Máza


Wahal

Wahal (nominative singular)
Wahal (accusative singular)
Wahalē (dative singular)
Wahalu (instrumental singular)

Old Dutch: wāl

Middle Dutch: wâel

Dutch: Waal

→ Latin: vacalus, vachalis, vahal


batiʀō

batiʀō (masculine nominative singular)
batiʀā (feminine nominative singular)
batiʀā (neuter nominative singular)
batiʀan (accusative masculine singular)
batiʀōn (accusative feminine singular)
batiʀā (accusative neuter singular)
batiʀini (genitive masculine singular)
batiʀan (genitive masculine singular)
batiʀōn (feminine genitive singular)
batiʀini (genitive neuter singular)
batiʀan (genitive neuter singular)
batiʀini (dative masculine singular)
batiʀan (dative masculine singular)
batiʀōn (dative feminine singular)
batiʀini (dative neuter singular)
batiʀan (dative neuter singular)
batiʀini (instrumental masculine singular)
batiʀan (instrumental masculine singular)
batiʀōn (feminine instrumental singular)
batiʀini (instrumental neuter singular)
batiʀan (instrumental neuter singular)
batiʀan (masculine nominative plural)
batiʀōn (feminine nominative plural)
batiʀōn (neuter nominative plural)
batiʀan (accusative masculine plural)
batiʀōn (accusative feminine plural)
batiʀōn (accusative neuter plural)
batiʀanō (genitive masculine plural)
batiʀōnō (feminine genitive plural)
batiʀanō (genitive neuter plural)
batiʀum (dative masculine plural)
batiʀōm (dative feminine plural)
batiʀum (dative feminine plural)
batiʀum (dative neuter plural)
batiʀum (instrumental masculine plural)
batiʀōm (feminine instrumental plural)
batiʀum (feminine instrumental plural)
batiʀum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: betera
Middle English: bettre
English: better
Scots: better
Yola: bethther

Old Frisian: betera

Saterland Frisian: beter

West Frisian: better

Old Saxon: betiro
Middle Low German: beter
Low German: beter

Old Dutch: betiro

Middle Dutch: beter
Dutch: beter
Afrikaans: beter
Berbice Creole Dutch: betre
Negerhollands: beeter
→ Sranan Tongo: betre
Aukan: betee
Saramaccan: bë́të
Limburgish: baeter

Old High German: beȥȥiro
Middle High German: beȥȥer
Central Franconian: besser
Cimbrian: péssor
German: besser
Luxembourgish: besser
Yiddish: בעסער (beser)

comparative degree of *gōd (“good”): better


wirsiʀō

wirsiʀō (masculine nominative singular)
wirsiʀā (feminine nominative singular)
wirsiʀā (neuter nominative singular)
wirsiʀan (accusative masculine singular)
wirsiʀōn (accusative feminine singular)
wirsiʀā (accusative neuter singular)
wirsiʀini (genitive masculine singular)
wirsiʀan (genitive masculine singular)
wirsiʀōn (feminine genitive singular)
wirsiʀini (genitive neuter singular)
wirsiʀan (genitive neuter singular)
wirsiʀini (dative masculine singular)
wirsiʀan (dative masculine singular)
wirsiʀōn (dative feminine singular)
wirsiʀini (dative neuter singular)
wirsiʀan (dative neuter singular)
wirsiʀini (instrumental masculine singular)
wirsiʀan (instrumental masculine singular)
wirsiʀōn (feminine instrumental singular)
wirsiʀini (instrumental neuter singular)
wirsiʀan (instrumental neuter singular)
wirsiʀan (masculine nominative plural)
wirsiʀōn (feminine nominative plural)
wirsiʀōn (neuter nominative plural)
wirsiʀan (accusative masculine plural)
wirsiʀōn (accusative feminine plural)
wirsiʀōn (accusative neuter plural)
wirsiʀanō (genitive masculine plural)
wirsiʀōnō (feminine genitive plural)
wirsiʀanō (genitive neuter plural)
wirsiʀum (dative masculine plural)
wirsiʀōm (dative feminine plural)
wirsiʀum (dative feminine plural)
wirsiʀum (dative neuter plural)
wirsiʀum (instrumental masculine plural)
wirsiʀōm (feminine instrumental plural)
wirsiʀum (feminine instrumental plural)
wirsiʀum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: wiersa, wyrsa
Middle English: worse, wars, warse, weers, weorse, werce, wers, werse, wershe, wersse, wirse, wors, worsse, wærse, werrse, wrse, wurse (Early Middle English)
English: worse
→ Cantonese: worse (Hong Kong)
Scots: warse

Old Frisian: wirra, werra

Old Saxon: wirsiro

Old Dutch: *wirs

Middle Dutch: wers

Dutch: wers

Old High German: wirsiro

German: wirser

comparative degree of *ubil (“bad, evil”): worse


sunþriʀō

sunþriʀō (masculine nominative singular)
sunþriʀā (feminine nominative singular)
sunþriʀā (neuter nominative singular)
sunþriʀan (accusative masculine singular)
sunþriʀōn (accusative feminine singular)
sunþriʀā (accusative neuter singular)
sunþriʀini (genitive masculine singular)
sunþriʀan (genitive masculine singular)
sunþriʀōn (feminine genitive singular)
sunþriʀini (genitive neuter singular)
sunþriʀan (genitive neuter singular)
sunþriʀini (dative masculine singular)
sunþriʀan (dative masculine singular)
sunþriʀōn (dative feminine singular)
sunþriʀini (dative neuter singular)
sunþriʀan (dative neuter singular)
sunþriʀini (instrumental masculine singular)
sunþriʀan (instrumental masculine singular)
sunþriʀōn (feminine instrumental singular)
sunþriʀini (instrumental neuter singular)
sunþriʀan (instrumental neuter singular)
sunþriʀan (masculine nominative plural)
sunþriʀōn (feminine nominative plural)
sunþriʀōn (neuter nominative plural)
sunþriʀan (accusative masculine plural)
sunþriʀōn (accusative feminine plural)
sunþriʀōn (accusative neuter plural)
sunþriʀanō (genitive masculine plural)
sunþriʀōnō (feminine genitive plural)
sunþriʀanō (genitive neuter plural)
sunþriʀum (dative masculine plural)
sunþriʀōm (dative feminine plural)
sunþriʀum (dative feminine plural)
sunþriʀum (dative neuter plural)
sunþriʀum (instrumental masculine plural)
sunþriʀōm (feminine instrumental plural)
sunþriʀum (feminine instrumental plural)
sunþriʀum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: sūþra, sūþera, sȳþera

Middle English: sowther, southir

English: souther

From Proto-Germanic *sunþrizô. Equivalent to *sunþr (“south”) + *-iʀō.

comparative degree of *sunþr (“south”): souther


airiʀō

airiʀō (masculine nominative singular)
airiʀā (feminine nominative singular)
airiʀā (neuter nominative singular)
airiʀan (accusative masculine singular)
airiʀōn (accusative feminine singular)
airiʀā (accusative neuter singular)
airiʀini (genitive masculine singular)
airiʀan (genitive masculine singular)
airiʀōn (feminine genitive singular)
airiʀini (genitive neuter singular)
airiʀan (genitive neuter singular)
airiʀini (dative masculine singular)
airiʀan (dative masculine singular)
airiʀōn (dative feminine singular)
airiʀini (dative neuter singular)
airiʀan (dative neuter singular)
airiʀini (instrumental masculine singular)
airiʀan (instrumental masculine singular)
airiʀōn (feminine instrumental singular)
airiʀini (instrumental neuter singular)
airiʀan (instrumental neuter singular)
airiʀan (masculine nominative plural)
airiʀōn (feminine nominative plural)
airiʀōn (neuter nominative plural)
airiʀan (accusative masculine plural)
airiʀōn (accusative feminine plural)
airiʀōn (accusative neuter plural)
airiʀanō (genitive masculine plural)
airiʀōnō (feminine genitive plural)
airiʀanō (genitive neuter plural)
airiʀum (dative masculine plural)
airiʀōm (dative feminine plural)
airiʀum (dative feminine plural)
airiʀum (dative neuter plural)
airiʀum (instrumental masculine plural)
airiʀōm (feminine instrumental plural)
airiʀum (feminine instrumental plural)
airiʀum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: ǣrra

Middle English: ærre, eror, erore

Old Frisian:

West Frisian: earder

Old Saxon:

Middle Low German: êrer

Low German: ehrder

Old Dutch: *ēriro

Middle Dutch: eerre

Dutch: eerder

Afrikaans: eerder

Old High German: ēriro, ēroro

Middle High German: ērer

(German: eher) (merged with adverbial form)

From Proto-Germanic *airizô. Equivalent to *airi (“early”) + *-iʀō.

comparative degree of *airi (“early”): earlier


minniʀō

minniʀō (masculine nominative singular)
minniʀā (feminine nominative singular)
minniʀā (neuter nominative singular)
minniʀan (accusative masculine singular)
minniʀōn (accusative feminine singular)
minniʀā (accusative neuter singular)
minniʀini (genitive masculine singular)
minniʀan (genitive masculine singular)
minniʀōn (feminine genitive singular)
minniʀini (genitive neuter singular)
minniʀan (genitive neuter singular)
minniʀini (dative masculine singular)
minniʀan (dative masculine singular)
minniʀōn (dative feminine singular)
minniʀini (dative neuter singular)
minniʀan (dative neuter singular)
minniʀini (instrumental masculine singular)
minniʀan (instrumental masculine singular)
minniʀōn (feminine instrumental singular)
minniʀini (instrumental neuter singular)
minniʀan (instrumental neuter singular)
minniʀan (masculine nominative plural)
minniʀōn (feminine nominative plural)
minniʀōn (neuter nominative plural)
minniʀan (accusative masculine plural)
minniʀōn (accusative feminine plural)
minniʀōn (accusative neuter plural)
minniʀanō (genitive masculine plural)
minniʀōnō (feminine genitive plural)
minniʀanō (genitive neuter plural)
minniʀum (dative masculine plural)
minniʀōm (dative feminine plural)
minniʀum (dative feminine plural)
minniʀum (dative neuter plural)
minniʀum (instrumental masculine plural)
minniʀōm (feminine instrumental plural)
minniʀum (feminine instrumental plural)
minniʀum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Saxon: minniro

Old Dutch: minniro

Middle Dutch: minre
Dutch: minder
Afrikaans: minder

Old High German: minniro

desc

Middle High German: minder, minner, minre

Cimbrian: mindor

German: minder

Luxembourgish: manner

comparative degree of *fau (“few”): fewer


maiʀō

maiʀō (masculine nominative singular)
maiʀā (feminine nominative singular)
maiʀā (neuter nominative singular)
maiʀan (accusative masculine singular)
maiʀōn (accusative feminine singular)
maiʀā (accusative neuter singular)
maiʀini (genitive masculine singular)
maiʀan (genitive masculine singular)
maiʀōn (feminine genitive singular)
maiʀini (genitive neuter singular)
maiʀan (genitive neuter singular)
maiʀini (dative masculine singular)
maiʀan (dative masculine singular)
maiʀōn (dative feminine singular)
maiʀini (dative neuter singular)
maiʀan (dative neuter singular)
maiʀini (instrumental masculine singular)
maiʀan (instrumental masculine singular)
maiʀōn (feminine instrumental singular)
maiʀini (instrumental neuter singular)
maiʀan (instrumental neuter singular)
maiʀan (masculine nominative plural)
maiʀōn (feminine nominative plural)
maiʀōn (neuter nominative plural)
maiʀan (accusative masculine plural)
maiʀōn (accusative feminine plural)
maiʀōn (accusative neuter plural)
maiʀanō (genitive masculine plural)
maiʀōnō (feminine genitive plural)
maiʀanō (genitive neuter plural)
maiʀum (dative masculine plural)
maiʀōm (dative feminine plural)
maiʀum (dative feminine plural)
maiʀum (dative neuter plural)
maiʀum (instrumental masculine plural)
maiʀōm (feminine instrumental plural)
maiʀum (feminine instrumental plural)
maiʀum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: māra
Middle English: more, mare, moore
English: more
Geordie English: mair
Scots: mair
Yola: more, mo'

Old Frisian: māra

Saterland Frisian: moor

West Frisian: mear

Old Saxon: mēro
Middle Low German: mêr
Low German: mehr

Old Dutch: mēro, mērro

Middle Dutch: mere
Dutch: meer
Afrikaans: meer

Old High German: mēro
Middle High German: mēr, mēre
Alemannic German: meer
German: mehr
Yiddish: מער (mer)

From Proto-Germanic *maizô. Equivalent to *mai + *-ʀō.

comparative degree of *mikil (“big, large”): more, larger


ūtiʀō

ūtiʀō (masculine nominative singular)
ūtiʀā (feminine nominative singular)
ūtiʀā (neuter nominative singular)
ūtiʀan (accusative masculine singular)
ūtiʀōn (accusative feminine singular)
ūtiʀā (accusative neuter singular)
ūtiʀini (genitive masculine singular)
ūtiʀan (genitive masculine singular)
ūtiʀōn (feminine genitive singular)
ūtiʀini (genitive neuter singular)
ūtiʀan (genitive neuter singular)
ūtiʀini (dative masculine singular)
ūtiʀan (dative masculine singular)
ūtiʀōn (dative feminine singular)
ūtiʀini (dative neuter singular)
ūtiʀan (dative neuter singular)
ūtiʀini (instrumental masculine singular)
ūtiʀan (instrumental masculine singular)
ūtiʀōn (feminine instrumental singular)
ūtiʀini (instrumental neuter singular)
ūtiʀan (instrumental neuter singular)
ūtiʀan (masculine nominative plural)
ūtiʀōn (feminine nominative plural)
ūtiʀōn (neuter nominative plural)
ūtiʀan (accusative masculine plural)
ūtiʀōn (accusative feminine plural)
ūtiʀōn (accusative neuter plural)
ūtiʀanō (genitive masculine plural)
ūtiʀōnō (feminine genitive plural)
ūtiʀanō (genitive neuter plural)
ūtiʀum (dative masculine plural)
ūtiʀōm (dative feminine plural)
ūtiʀum (dative feminine plural)
ūtiʀum (dative neuter plural)
ūtiʀum (instrumental masculine plural)
ūtiʀōm (feminine instrumental plural)
ūtiʀum (feminine instrumental plural)
ūtiʀum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: ūtera, ūterra, ȳtera, ȳterra
Middle English: utter, uttir, uttre, outter, outer
English: outer

Old Frisian: ūtera

Old High German: ūzaro

German: äußer

From Proto-Germanic *ūtizô. Equivalent to *ūt (“out”) + *-iʀō. Cognate with Old Norse ýtri (“outer”).

comparative degree of *ūt (“out”): outer


jungiʀō

jungiʀō (masculine nominative singular)
jungiʀā (feminine nominative singular)
jungiʀā (neuter nominative singular)
jungiʀan (accusative masculine singular)
jungiʀōn (accusative feminine singular)
jungiʀā (accusative neuter singular)
jungiʀini (genitive masculine singular)
jungiʀan (genitive masculine singular)
jungiʀōn (feminine genitive singular)
jungiʀini (genitive neuter singular)
jungiʀan (genitive neuter singular)
jungiʀini (dative masculine singular)
jungiʀan (dative masculine singular)
jungiʀōn (dative feminine singular)
jungiʀini (dative neuter singular)
jungiʀan (dative neuter singular)
jungiʀini (instrumental masculine singular)
jungiʀan (instrumental masculine singular)
jungiʀōn (feminine instrumental singular)
jungiʀini (instrumental neuter singular)
jungiʀan (instrumental neuter singular)
jungiʀan (masculine nominative plural)
jungiʀōn (feminine nominative plural)
jungiʀōn (neuter nominative plural)
jungiʀan (accusative masculine plural)
jungiʀōn (accusative feminine plural)
jungiʀōn (accusative neuter plural)
jungiʀanō (genitive masculine plural)
jungiʀōnō (feminine genitive plural)
jungiʀanō (genitive neuter plural)
jungiʀum (dative masculine plural)
jungiʀōm (dative feminine plural)
jungiʀum (dative feminine plural)
jungiʀum (dative neuter plural)
jungiʀum (instrumental masculine plural)
jungiʀōm (feminine instrumental plural)
jungiʀum (feminine instrumental plural)
jungiʀum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: ġingra

Middle English: yongere, yonger, yongur, yonker, yungur, yungger, ȝongore, ȝongor, gingre, ȝunnꟑre (Ormulum)
English: younger

Old Frisian: jungera

Old Saxon: jungaro, jungro

Old Dutch: *jungiro

Middle Low German: jonger

Dutch: jonger

desc

Old High German: jūgiro, jungiro, jungoro

Middle High German: junger

German: jünger

From Proto-Germanic *jungizô. Equivalent to *jung (“young”) + *-iʀō. Cognate with Old Norse yngri (“younger”).

comparative degree of *jung (“young”): younger


alþiʀō

alþiʀō (masculine nominative singular)
alþiʀā (feminine nominative singular)
alþiʀā (neuter nominative singular)
alþiʀan (accusative masculine singular)
alþiʀōn (accusative feminine singular)
alþiʀā (accusative neuter singular)
alþiʀini (genitive masculine singular)
alþiʀan (genitive masculine singular)
alþiʀōn (feminine genitive singular)
alþiʀini (genitive neuter singular)
alþiʀan (genitive neuter singular)
alþiʀini (dative masculine singular)
alþiʀan (dative masculine singular)
alþiʀōn (dative feminine singular)
alþiʀini (dative neuter singular)
alþiʀan (dative neuter singular)
alþiʀini (instrumental masculine singular)
alþiʀan (instrumental masculine singular)
alþiʀōn (feminine instrumental singular)
alþiʀini (instrumental neuter singular)
alþiʀan (instrumental neuter singular)
alþiʀan (masculine nominative plural)
alþiʀōn (feminine nominative plural)
alþiʀōn (neuter nominative plural)
alþiʀan (accusative masculine plural)
alþiʀōn (accusative feminine plural)
alþiʀōn (accusative neuter plural)
alþiʀanō (genitive masculine plural)
alþiʀōnō (feminine genitive plural)
alþiʀanō (genitive neuter plural)
alþiʀum (dative masculine plural)
alþiʀōm (dative feminine plural)
alþiʀum (dative feminine plural)
alþiʀum (dative neuter plural)
alþiʀum (instrumental masculine plural)
alþiʀōm (feminine instrumental plural)
alþiʀum (feminine instrumental plural)
alþiʀum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: eldra, ieldra, yldra — West Saxon
Middle English: eldre
English: elder
Scots: elder

desc

Old Frisian: aldera, eldera, alder, elder

North Frisian: ääler, ialer

West Frisian: âlder

desctree

Old Saxon: aldiro
Middle Low German: eldere, elder, alder, ȫldere
German Low German: öller
⇒ Middle Low German: ȫlderen, olderen, oldern, oldren, alderen
German Low German: Ollern

Old High German: altiro

Middle High German: elter

Central Franconian: ääler, älder

Cimbrian: éltor

German: älter

Luxembourgish: eeler

Pennsylvania German: elder

Yiddish: עלטער (elter)

⇒ Old High German: eltiron, altirōn pl

Middle High German: eltern, altern

German: Eltern

From Proto-Germanic *alþizô. Equivalent to *ald (“old”) + *-iʀō.

comparative degree of *ald (“old”): older


niwiʀō

niwiʀō (masculine nominative singular)
niwiʀā (feminine nominative singular)
niwiʀā (neuter nominative singular)
niwiʀan (accusative masculine singular)
niwiʀōn (accusative feminine singular)
niwiʀā (accusative neuter singular)
niwiʀini (genitive masculine singular)
niwiʀan (genitive masculine singular)
niwiʀōn (feminine genitive singular)
niwiʀini (genitive neuter singular)
niwiʀan (genitive neuter singular)
niwiʀini (dative masculine singular)
niwiʀan (dative masculine singular)
niwiʀōn (dative feminine singular)
niwiʀini (dative neuter singular)
niwiʀan (dative neuter singular)
niwiʀini (instrumental masculine singular)
niwiʀan (instrumental masculine singular)
niwiʀōn (feminine instrumental singular)
niwiʀini (instrumental neuter singular)
niwiʀan (instrumental neuter singular)
niwiʀan (masculine nominative plural)
niwiʀōn (feminine nominative plural)
niwiʀōn (neuter nominative plural)
niwiʀan (accusative masculine plural)
niwiʀōn (accusative feminine plural)
niwiʀōn (accusative neuter plural)
niwiʀanō (genitive masculine plural)
niwiʀōnō (feminine genitive plural)
niwiʀanō (genitive neuter plural)
niwiʀum (dative masculine plural)
niwiʀōm (dative feminine plural)
niwiʀum (dative feminine plural)
niwiʀum (dative neuter plural)
niwiʀum (instrumental masculine plural)
niwiʀōm (feminine instrumental plural)
niwiʀum (feminine instrumental plural)
niwiʀum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: nīwra

Middle English: newere, newer

English: newer

Old Frisian: *nīere

West Frisian: nijere

Old Dutch: *niwiro

Middle Dutch: niewere

Dutch: nieuwere

Old High German: *niwiro

Middle High German: niuwer

German: neuer

From Proto-Germanic *niwizô. Equivalent to *niwi (“new”) + *-iʀō.

comparative degree of *niwi (“new”): newer


norþrōʀō

norþrōʀō (masculine nominative singular)
norþrōʀā (feminine nominative singular)
norþrōʀā (neuter nominative singular)
norþrōʀan (accusative masculine singular)
norþrōʀōn (accusative feminine singular)
norþrōʀā (accusative neuter singular)
norþrōʀini (genitive masculine singular)
norþrōʀan (genitive masculine singular)
norþrōʀōn (feminine genitive singular)
norþrōʀini (genitive neuter singular)
norþrōʀan (genitive neuter singular)
norþrōʀini (dative masculine singular)
norþrōʀan (dative masculine singular)
norþrōʀōn (dative feminine singular)
norþrōʀini (dative neuter singular)
norþrōʀan (dative neuter singular)
norþrōʀini (instrumental masculine singular)
norþrōʀan (instrumental masculine singular)
norþrōʀōn (feminine instrumental singular)
norþrōʀini (instrumental neuter singular)
norþrōʀan (instrumental neuter singular)
norþrōʀan (masculine nominative plural)
norþrōʀōn (feminine nominative plural)
norþrōʀōn (neuter nominative plural)
norþrōʀan (accusative masculine plural)
norþrōʀōn (accusative feminine plural)
norþrōʀōn (accusative neuter plural)
norþrōʀanō (genitive masculine plural)
norþrōʀōnō (feminine genitive plural)
norþrōʀanō (genitive neuter plural)
norþrōʀum (dative masculine plural)
norþrōʀōm (dative feminine plural)
norþrōʀum (dative feminine plural)
norþrōʀum (dative neuter plural)
norþrōʀum (instrumental masculine plural)
norþrōʀōm (feminine instrumental plural)
norþrōʀum (feminine instrumental plural)
norþrōʀum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: norþra, norþerra

English: norther

From Proto-Germanic *nurþrōzô. Equivalent to *norþr (“north”) + *-ōʀō.

comparative degree of *norþr (“northern, northernly”): norther


westrōʀō

westrōʀō (masculine nominative singular)
westrōʀā (feminine nominative singular)
westrōʀā (neuter nominative singular)
westrōʀan (accusative masculine singular)
westrōʀōn (accusative feminine singular)
westrōʀā (accusative neuter singular)
westrōʀini (genitive masculine singular)
westrōʀan (genitive masculine singular)
westrōʀōn (feminine genitive singular)
westrōʀini (genitive neuter singular)
westrōʀan (genitive neuter singular)
westrōʀini (dative masculine singular)
westrōʀan (dative masculine singular)
westrōʀōn (dative feminine singular)
westrōʀini (dative neuter singular)
westrōʀan (dative neuter singular)
westrōʀini (instrumental masculine singular)
westrōʀan (instrumental masculine singular)
westrōʀōn (feminine instrumental singular)
westrōʀini (instrumental neuter singular)
westrōʀan (instrumental neuter singular)
westrōʀan (masculine nominative plural)
westrōʀōn (feminine nominative plural)
westrōʀōn (neuter nominative plural)
westrōʀan (accusative masculine plural)
westrōʀōn (accusative feminine plural)
westrōʀōn (accusative neuter plural)
westrōʀanō (genitive masculine plural)
westrōʀōnō (feminine genitive plural)
westrōʀanō (genitive neuter plural)
westrōʀum (dative masculine plural)
westrōʀōm (dative feminine plural)
westrōʀum (dative feminine plural)
westrōʀum (dative neuter plural)
westrōʀum (instrumental masculine plural)
westrōʀōm (feminine instrumental plural)
westrōʀum (feminine instrumental plural)
westrōʀum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: westra, westerra

English: wester

From Proto-Germanic *westrōzô. Equivalent to *westr (“west”) + *-ōʀō.

comparative degree of *westr (“western, westernly”): wester


-līk

-līk (masculine nominative singular)
-līku (feminine nominative singular)
-līk (neuter nominative singular)
-līkanā (accusative masculine singular)
-līkā (accusative feminine singular)
-līk (accusative neuter singular)
-līkas (genitive masculine singular)
-līkeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
-līkas (genitive neuter singular)
-līkumē (dative masculine singular)
-līkeʀē (dative feminine singular)
-līkumē (dative neuter singular)
-līku (instrumental masculine singular)
-līkeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
-līku (instrumental neuter singular)
-līkē (masculine nominative plural)
-līkō (feminine nominative plural)
-līku (neuter nominative plural)
-līkā (accusative masculine plural)
-līkā (accusative feminine plural)
-līku (accusative neuter plural)
-līkeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
-līkeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
-līkeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
-līkēm (dative masculine plural)
-līkum (dative masculine plural)
-līkēm (dative feminine plural)
-līkum (dative feminine plural)
-līkēm (dative neuter plural)
-līkum (dative neuter plural)
-līkēm (instrumental masculine plural)
-līkum (instrumental masculine plural)
-līkēm (feminine instrumental plural)
-līkum (feminine instrumental plural)
-līkēm (instrumental neuter plural)
-līkum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: -līċ, -lēċ, -līh, -lī
Middle English: -ly, -li, -lych, -lich, -lik, -lig
English: -ly
Scots: -lie

Old Frisian: -līk

Saterland Frisian: -elk

West Frisian: -lyk

Old Saxon: -līk

Middle Low German: -līk, -lik, -lick (inflected -lik-)

desc

Low German: -lich, -lig, -lik, -lick, -li (Eastfalian), -elk (East Frisian)

Plautdietsch: -lich

Old Dutch: -līk

desctree

Middle Dutch: -lijc
Dutch: -lijk
Afrikaans: -lik
Jersey Dutch: -lik, -lek, -lā́ik

Old High German: -līh
Middle High German: -lich
German: -lich
Luxembourgish: -lech
Yiddish: ־לעך (-lekh)

-like, -ly. Forms adjectives from nouns and adjectives with the sense of 'similar to, characteristic of'.


līkahamō

līkahamō (nominative singular)
līkahaman (nominative plural)
līkahaman (accusative singular)
līkahaman (accusative plural)
līkahamini (genitive singular)
līkahaman (genitive singular)
līkahamanō (genitive plural)
līkahamini (dative singular)
līkahaman (dative singular)
līkahamum (dative plural)
līkahamini (instrumental singular)
līkahaman (instrumental singular)
līkahamum (instrumental plural)

Old English: līchama, līchoma, līcema

Middle English: likame, licame, lichame

Scots: lekame

English: likam

desc

Old Frisian: līkama, līkoma, līkkoma, līkma

Saterland Frisian: licman (obsolete)

West Frisian: lichem

Old Saxon: līkhamo m; līknamo m

Middle Low German: licham, lickham, likam, lîkem

Low German: Liekam, Lieknam, Luikem

Old Dutch: līkamo m; līknamo m

Middle Dutch: lichāme m or n

Dutch: lichaam n

Afrikaans: liggaam

desctree

Old High German: līhhamo, līchamo, līhhinhamo, līhhinamo, līhamo
Middle High German: līcham, līchame; līchname
German: Leichnam

From Proto-Germanic *līkahamô, equivalent to *līk + *hamō.


elpandabain

elpandabain (nominative singular)
elpandabainu (nominative plural)
elpandabain (accusative singular)
elpandabainu (accusative plural)
elpandabainas (genitive singular)
elpandabainō (genitive plural)
elpandabainē (dative singular)
elpandabainum (dative plural)
elpandabainu (instrumental singular)
elpandabainum (instrumental plural)

Old English: elpendbān, ylpenbān

Middle English: ylpen-ban, hilpen ban

⇒ Middle English: alpes bon

Old Frisian: *elpendbēn, *elpenbēn

Saterland Frisian: Älpenbeen

West Frisian: elpenbien

Old Saxon: *elpandbēn

Middle Low German: elpenbên, elpenbein

→ Saterland Frisian: Älpenbeen

Old Dutch: elpondbēn, elpantbēn

Middle Dutch: elpenbeen

Dutch: elpenbeen

Afrikaans: elpebeen

→ West Frisian: elpenbeen

desc

Old High German: elfantbein, helfantbein, helfanbein

Middle High German: elfenbein, helfenbein

desctree

German: Elfenbein, Helfenbein (obsolete)
→ Danish: elfenben
→ Norwegian Bokmål: elfenben, elfenbein
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: elfenbein
→ Swedish: elfenben

→ Middle Low German: elfenbên

→ Saterland Frisian: Älfenbeen

From *elpand (“elephant; ivory”) + *bain (“bone”).


elpandadeuʀ

elpandadeuʀ (nominative singular)
elpandadeuʀu (nominative plural)
elpandadeuʀ (accusative singular)
elpandadeuʀu (accusative plural)
elpandadeuʀas (genitive singular)
elpandadeuʀō (genitive plural)
elpandadeuʀē (dative singular)
elpandadeuʀum (dative plural)
elpandadeuʀu (instrumental singular)
elpandadeuʀum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *elpandior

Middle Low German: elpendēr

Old Dutch: *elpandier

Middle Dutch: elpendier

Dutch: elpendier

From *elpand (“elephant; ivory”) + *deuʀ (“animal”).


brāmabaʀi

brāmabaʀi (nominative singular)
brāmabaʀju (nominative plural)
brāmabaʀi (accusative singular)
brāmabaʀju (accusative plural)
brāmabaʀjas (genitive singular)
brāmabaʀjō (genitive plural)
brāmabaʀjē (dative singular)
brāmabaʀjum (dative plural)
brāmabaʀju (instrumental singular)
brāmabaʀjum (instrumental plural)
*brāmabasi (alternative)

Old English: brēmber

desc

Middle English: brambere, brambre, brembre

English: bramberry

Old Frisian:

Saterland Frisian: Brumbäie

West Frisian: brombei

Old Saxon: brāmberi

Middle Low German: bramber

German Low German:

Westphalian:

Westmünsterländisch: Brommbeer

East Westphalian: Brümber (Ravensberg)

→ Danish: brambær, brombær

→ Icelandic: brómber

→ Swedish: brambär, brombär

Old High German: brāmberi

Middle High German: brāmber

German: Brombeere

→ Old French: framboise

Middle French: framboise

French: framboise (see there for further descendants)

→ English: framboise

→ Latin: frambēsia

→ English: frambesia (learned)

desctree

→ Dutch: framboos
Afrikaans: framboos
→ Indonesian: frambos

From *brām (“blackberry; bramble”) + *baʀi (“berry”).


hindibaʀi

hindibaʀi (nominative singular)
hindibaʀju (nominative plural)
hindibaʀi (accusative singular)
hindibaʀju (accusative plural)
hindibaʀjas (genitive singular)
hindibaʀjō (genitive plural)
hindibaʀjē (dative singular)
hindibaʀjum (dative plural)
hindibaʀju (instrumental singular)
hindibaʀjum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: hindberġe, hindberie, hindberiġe
Middle English: *hindberie
English: hindberry

Old Frisian:

Saterland Frisian: Himbäie, Hiembäie

West Frisian: hinnebei

Old Saxon: hindberi

Middle Low German: *hindbere

German Low German:

Low Prussian: Hindbeere, Hintbeere, Insbeere

Westphalian:

Westmünsterländisch: Hinnebääse, Hinsbääse, Hinnebeere, Himbääse, Himbäär, Himbääre

Plautdietsch: Himbäa

→ Danish: hindbær

→ Faroese: hindber

→ Icelandic: hindber

Old Dutch: *hindberi

desc

Middle Dutch: hinsbere, hinnebere, hindsbere

Dutch: hennebes, hinnebes, hinnebeer

Old High German: hintberi

Middle High German: hintber, hintper

Cimbrian: henneper, hénnapéera (Sette Comuni)

German: Himper (obsolete); Himbeere

Luxembourgish: Hammbier

Mòcheno: himper

From *hindi (“doe, hind”) + *baʀi (“berry”).

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache


laurabaʀi

laurabaʀi (nominative singular)
laurabaʀju (nominative plural)
laurabaʀi (accusative singular)
laurabaʀju (accusative plural)
laurabaʀjas (genitive singular)
laurabaʀjō (genitive plural)
laurabaʀjē (dative singular)
laurabaʀjum (dative plural)
laurabaʀju (instrumental singular)
laurabaʀjum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: laurberiġe, laurberie, laurberiġie
Middle English: laurberiʒie, lawerberie

Old Saxon: *lōrberi, *laurberi

desc

Middle Low German: lôrbêre, lörbêre, lôrebêre, lorrebêre, laurbêr, lawerbêre, lawerbêse

German Low German:

Mecklenburgisch: Luurbeer

Low Prussian: Loorbeer

Westphalian:

Westmünsterländisch: Loorbeer

→ Danish: laurbær

→ Faroese: lavrber

→ Norwegian Bokmål: laurbær

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: laurbær

→ Old Swedish: lagherbær, laverbær

Swedish: lagerbär

Old High German: lōrberi, lōrber

Middle High German: lōrber, lōrbere

German: Lorbeer

Luxembourgish: Lorber

→ Estonian: loorber

From *laur (“laurel tree”) + *baʀi (“berry”).


mōrubaʀi

mōrubaʀi (nominative singular)
mōrubaʀju (nominative plural)
mōrubaʀi (accusative singular)
mōrubaʀju (accusative plural)
mōrubaʀjas (genitive singular)
mōrubaʀjō (genitive plural)
mōrubaʀjē (dative singular)
mōrubaʀjum (dative plural)
mōrubaʀju (instrumental singular)
mōrubaʀjum (instrumental plural)
mūrubaʀi (alternative)

desctree

Old English: mōrberġe, mōrberie, mōrberiġe
Middle English: mulbery, molbery, mulberie, mulbere
English: mulberry

Old Saxon: mūlberi, *mūrberi, *mōrberi

Middle Low German: mûlbēre, môrbēre

German Low German: Muulbeer

Plautdietsch: Mulbäa

→ Danish: morbær

→ Icelandic: mórber

→ Faroese: morber

→ Norwegian: morbær

→ Swedish: mullbär

→ Finnish: mulperi

Old Dutch: *mōrberi, *mūrberi

desc

Middle Dutch: moerbeye, moerbesie; muylber

desctree

Dutch: moerbei
Afrikaans: moerbei
→ Indonesian: murbei
→ Malay: murbei
→ West Frisian: moerbei

Old High German: mūrberi, mūrber, mūrperi; mūlber, mūlbere, mūlperi; mōraberi, mōrberi, mōrper, mōrperi
Middle High German: mūlber, mūlbere; mōrber, mōrbere
German: Maulbeere
Hunsrik: Maulbeer

From Latin mōrus (“mulberry, blackberry”) + *baʀi (“berry”).


haiþibaʀi

haiþibaʀi (nominative singular)
haiþibaʀju (nominative plural)
haiþibaʀi (accusative singular)
haiþibaʀju (accusative plural)
haiþibaʀjas (genitive singular)
haiþibaʀjō (genitive plural)
haiþibaʀjē (dative singular)
haiþibaʀjum (dative plural)
haiþibaʀju (instrumental singular)
haiþibaʀjum (instrumental plural)

desc

Old English: hǣþberġe, hǣþberie, hǣþberiġe

Old High German: heidiberi, heidberi

Middle High German: heitber, heitbere

German: Heidbeere (dialectal)

From *haiþi (“heath; heather”) + *baʀi (“berry”).


klīþþu

klīþþu (nominative singular)
klīþþō (nominative plural)
klīþþā (accusative singular)
klīþþā (accusative plural)
klīþþā (genitive singular)
klīþþō (genitive plural)
klīþþē (dative singular)
klīþþōm (dative plural)
klīþþum (dative plural)
klīþþu (instrumental singular)
klīþþōm (instrumental plural)
klīþþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: cliþe

desctree

Middle English: clete, clyte, cleyt, clett
English: clithe (obsolete)

Old Saxon: kledda, kledtha f, kleddo m

Middle Low German: klette

German Low German:

Westphalian:

Sauerländisch (Niedersfeld, Felbecke, Attendorn), South Westphalian (Dortmund), Westmünsterländisch: Klette

Sauerländisch: Kliäte, Klaite (Brilon), Klädde (Wenden)

Old Dutch: *kletta

desc

Middle Dutch: clesse, clisse, clitte, clette f

Middle Dutch: klis, klit

Old High German: kletta f, kletto m

Middle High German: klete

German: Klette, Kleise

Alternation of *-þ- ~ *-þþ- suggests Proto-Germanic *klīþō ~ *kliþþaz, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gléy-t-ō ~ *gli-t-né-s, from *gley- (“to stick, glue”) + *-t- + *-ō.


meduwurti

meduwurti (nominative singular)
meduwurtī (nominative plural)
meduwurti (accusative singular)
meduwurtī (accusative plural)
meduwurtī (genitive singular)
meduwurtijō (genitive plural)
meduwurtī (dative singular)
meduwurtim (dative plural)
meduwurtijum (dative plural)
meduwurtī (instrumental singular)
meduwurtim (instrumental plural)
meduwurtijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: medewyrt, medowyrt

desctree

Middle English: medewort, medwert, medwort
English: meadwort, medæwart (obsolete)

Old Saxon: *meduwurt

Middle Low German: mēdewurt

Old High German: metuwurz

From Proto-Germanic *meduwurtiz. Equivalent to *medu (“mead”) + *wurti (“root”).


rōsā

rōsā (nominative singular)
rōsōn (nominative plural)
rōsōn (accusative singular)
rōsōn (accusative plural)
rōsōn (genitive singular)
rōsōnō (genitive plural)
rōsōn (dative singular)
rōsōm (dative plural)
rōsum (dative plural)
rōsōn (instrumental singular)
rōsōm (instrumental plural)
rōsum (instrumental plural)

Old English: rōse
Middle English: rose, roose, rosse, roos, ros
English: rose (see there for further descendants)
Scots: rose
Yola: rowse

Old Frisian: rōs, rōse

West Frisian: roas

Old Saxon: rōsa

Middle Low German: rôse

Low German: Roos

German Low German: Rose, Reose

Plautdietsch: Roos

→ Latvian: roze

→ Old Norse: rós, rósa

Icelandic: rós

Faroese: rósa

Norwegian: rose

Danish: rose, rosé
→ Greenlandic: ruusa

Old Swedish: ros

Swedish: ros (see there for further descendants)

Elfdalian: ruos

Old Dutch: rōsa

Middle Dutch: rôse, roos

Dutch: roos
Afrikaans: roos
Jersey Dutch: rôz
→ Caribbean Hindustani: rusi
→ Papiamentu: deros, deroos

Limburgish: roeas

Old High German: rōsa

Middle High German: rôse

Alemannic German: Roos, Roose

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: roas

Mòcheno: roas

Central Franconian: Rus

German: Rose (see there for further descendants)

Vilamovian: ruuz

Yiddish: רויז (royz)


fīgā

fīgā (nominative singular)
fīgōn (nominative plural)
fīgōn (accusative singular)
fīgōn (accusative plural)
fīgōn (genitive singular)
fīgōnō (genitive plural)
fīgōn (dative singular)
fīgōm (dative plural)
fīgum (dative plural)
fīgōn (instrumental singular)
fīgōm (instrumental plural)
fīgum (instrumental plural)

Old English: fīc m
Middle English: fike, fyke
English: fike, fig

Old Saxon: fīga

Middle Low German: vige

German Low German: Fieg

→ Latvian: vīģe

⇒ Middle Low German: vigen (plural)

→ Danish: figen

→ Norwegian: fiken

→ Swedish: fikon

Old Dutch: fīga
Middle Dutch: vige
Dutch: vijg
Afrikaans: vy
Negerhollands: vigie (from the diminutive)

Old High German: fīga
Middle High German: vīge
Cimbrian: faiga
German: Feige
Yiddish: פֿײַג (fayg)
→ Polish: figa (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin *fīga and Latin fīcus (“fig”).


wiþiwindā

wiþiwindā (nominative singular)
wiþiwindōn (nominative plural)
wiþiwindōn (accusative singular)
wiþiwindōn (accusative plural)
wiþiwindōn (genitive singular)
wiþiwindōnō (genitive plural)
wiþiwindōn (dative singular)
wiþiwindōm (dative plural)
wiþiwindum (dative plural)
wiþiwindōn (instrumental singular)
wiþiwindōm (instrumental plural)
wiþiwindum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wiþewinde

Middle English: withewynde

English: withwind

Old Dutch: *withiwinda
Middle Dutch: wēdewinde
Dutch: wedewinde, wederwinde, weerwinde (obsolete)


libruwurti

libruwurti (nominative singular)
libruwurtī (nominative plural)
libruwurti (accusative singular)
libruwurtī (accusative plural)
libruwurtī (genitive singular)
libruwurtijō (genitive plural)
libruwurtī (dative singular)
libruwurtim (dative plural)
libruwurtijum (dative plural)
libruwurtī (instrumental singular)
libruwurtim (instrumental plural)
libruwurtijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: liferwyrt

desc

Middle English: lyuerwort, liuerewort, lyverwort, liverwort

English: liverwort

Old Saxon: *leverwurt

Middle Low German: lêverwort

→ Swedish: lefverört

Old Dutch: *levarwurt

Middle Dutch: leverworte

Old High German: *lebarwurz

Middle Low German: leberwurz

German: Leberwurz

From *libru (“liver”) + *wurti (“root”).


grāu

grāu (masculine nominative singular)
grāu (feminine nominative singular)
grāu (neuter nominative singular)
grāwanā (accusative masculine singular)
grāwā (accusative feminine singular)
grāu (accusative neuter singular)
grāwas (genitive masculine singular)
grāweʀā (feminine genitive singular)
grāwas (genitive neuter singular)
grāumē (dative masculine singular)
grāweʀē (dative feminine singular)
grāumē (dative neuter singular)
grāu (instrumental masculine singular)
grāweʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
grāu (instrumental neuter singular)
grāwē (masculine nominative plural)
grāwō (feminine nominative plural)
grāu (neuter nominative plural)
grāwā (accusative masculine plural)
grāwā (accusative feminine plural)
grāu (accusative neuter plural)
grāweʀō (genitive masculine plural)
grāweʀō (feminine genitive plural)
grāweʀō (genitive neuter plural)
grāwēm (dative masculine plural)
grāum (dative masculine plural)
grāwēm (dative feminine plural)
grāum (dative feminine plural)
grāwēm (dative neuter plural)
grāum (dative neuter plural)
grāwēm (instrumental masculine plural)
grāum (instrumental masculine plural)
grāwēm (feminine instrumental plural)
grāum (feminine instrumental plural)
grāwēm (instrumental neuter plural)
grāum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: grǣġ, grēi, grēġ — Anglian
Middle English: grey
English: gray, grey
Scots: gray
Yola: gry

Old Frisian: grē

North Frisian:

Föhr, Wiedingharde: grä

Hallig: grai

Mooring: gra

Old Saxon: grāo
Middle Low German: grāu
Low German:
German Low German: grag, grau
Plautdietsch: greiw
→ West Frisian: grauw

Old Dutch: grāo
Middle Dutch: grau
Dutch: grauw, graauw, graeuw (obsolete)
Afrikaans: grou
Jersey Dutch: xrāuje, grô
Negerhollands: grou

Old High German: grāo
Middle High German: grā
Alemannic German: graaw
Bavarian: grau
Gottscheerish: grūb
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: grau
Luxembourgish: gro
East Central German:
Vilamovian: graoj
East Franconian:
German: grau
Rhine Franconian:
Frankfurterisch: IPA [kʀoː], (newer, from about 1925) [kʀau]
Pennsylvania German: gro
Yiddish: גראָ (gro), גרוי (groy)


leub

leub (masculine nominative singular)
leubu (feminine nominative singular)
leub (neuter nominative singular)
leubanā (accusative masculine singular)
leubā (accusative feminine singular)
leub (accusative neuter singular)
leubas (genitive masculine singular)
leubeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
leubas (genitive neuter singular)
leubumē (dative masculine singular)
leubeʀē (dative feminine singular)
leubumē (dative neuter singular)
leubu (instrumental masculine singular)
leubeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
leubu (instrumental neuter singular)
leubē (masculine nominative plural)
leubō (feminine nominative plural)
leubu (neuter nominative plural)
leubā (accusative masculine plural)
leubā (accusative feminine plural)
leubu (accusative neuter plural)
leubeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
leubeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
leubeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
leubēm (dative masculine plural)
leubum (dative masculine plural)
leubēm (dative feminine plural)
leubum (dative feminine plural)
leubēm (dative neuter plural)
leubum (dative neuter plural)
leubēm (instrumental masculine plural)
leubum (instrumental masculine plural)
leubēm (feminine instrumental plural)
leubum (feminine instrumental plural)
leubēm (instrumental neuter plural)
leubum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: lēof, leaf, līof
Middle English: lef, leve, lefe, leffe, life, live, luf (Southern or West Midlands)
English: lief; ⇒ livelong
Scots: lief, lee
⇒ Yola: liveer

Old Frisian: liāf, liēf
Saterland Frisian: ljoof, ljo
West Frisian: leaf

Old Saxon: liof
Middle Low German: lief, lêf
Low German: lief
German Low German: leev, liev
Plautdietsch: leef

Old Dutch: lief
Middle Dutch: lief
Dutch: lief
Limburgish: leef

Old High German: liob, liub, liup; *liof, lief (northern)

Middle High German: liep; lief (north-western)

Alemannic German: lieb

Bavarian: liab

Central Franconian: leev, liev

East Central German: lieb

German: lieb

Luxembourgish: léif

Yiddish: ליב (lib)


leubalīk

leubalīk (masculine nominative singular)
leubalīku (feminine nominative singular)
leubalīk (neuter nominative singular)
leubalīkanā (accusative masculine singular)
leubalīkā (accusative feminine singular)
leubalīk (accusative neuter singular)
leubalīkas (genitive masculine singular)
leubalīkeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
leubalīkas (genitive neuter singular)
leubalīkumē (dative masculine singular)
leubalīkeʀē (dative feminine singular)
leubalīkumē (dative neuter singular)
leubalīku (instrumental masculine singular)
leubalīkeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
leubalīku (instrumental neuter singular)
leubalīkē (masculine nominative plural)
leubalīkō (feminine nominative plural)
leubalīku (neuter nominative plural)
leubalīkā (accusative masculine plural)
leubalīkā (accusative feminine plural)
leubalīku (accusative neuter plural)
leubalīkeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
leubalīkeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
leubalīkeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
leubalīkēm (dative masculine plural)
leubalīkum (dative masculine plural)
leubalīkēm (dative feminine plural)
leubalīkum (dative feminine plural)
leubalīkēm (dative neuter plural)
leubalīkum (dative neuter plural)
leubalīkēm (instrumental masculine plural)
leubalīkum (instrumental masculine plural)
leubalīkēm (feminine instrumental plural)
leubalīkum (feminine instrumental plural)
leubalīkēm (instrumental neuter plural)
leubalīkum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: lēoflīc
Middle English: leoflich, leflich, lefly
English: liefly

Old Frisian: *liāflik

West Frisian: leaflik

Old Saxon: *lioflīk

Middle Low German: lêflīk, lêvelīk

German Low German: levelk

→ Saterland Frisian: läifelk

Old Dutch: *lieflīc

Middle Dutch: lieflijc

Dutch: lieflijk

Afrikaans: lieflik

Old High German: *lioblīh

Middle High German: lieplich

German: lieblich

From Proto-Germanic *leubalīkaz. Equivalent to *leub + *-līk.


librumos

librumos (nominative singular)
librumosu (nominative plural)
librumos (accusative singular)
librumosu (accusative plural)
librumosas (genitive singular)
librumosō (genitive plural)
librumosē (dative singular)
librumosum (dative plural)
librumosu (instrumental singular)
librumosum (instrumental plural)

Old Dutch: *levarmos

Middle Dutch: *lēvermos

Dutch: levermos

Afrikaans: lewermos

Old High German: lebermos

Middle High German: *lebermos

German: Lebermoos

From Proto-Germanic *librōmusą. Equivalent to *libru (“liver”) + *mos (“moss”). Cognate with Norwegian levermose, Swedish levermossa, if not West Germanic borrowings.


hwītaþornu

hwītaþornu (nominative singular)
hwītaþurniwi (nominative plural)
hwītaþornō (nominative plural)
hwītaþornu (accusative singular)
hwītaþornū (accusative plural)
hwītaþornō (genitive singular)
hwītaþurniwō (genitive plural)
hwītaþurniwi (dative singular)
hwītaþornō (dative singular)
hwītaþornum (dative plural)
hwītaþornu (instrumental singular)
hwītaþornum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *hwītþorn

desc

Middle English: whiteþorn, whitethorn, witþorn, whitthorn

English: whitethorn

Old High German: wīzdorn

Middle High German: wīzdorn

German: Weißdorn

From *hwīt (“white”) + *þornu (“thorn; briar”).


kumīn

kumīn (nominative singular)
kumīnu (nominative plural)
kumīn (accusative singular)
kumīnu (accusative plural)
kumīnas (genitive singular)
kumīnō (genitive plural)
kumīnē (dative singular)
kumīnum (dative plural)
kumīnu (instrumental singular)
kumīnum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: cymen m or n, cumin
Middle English: comyn, comyne, comyng, cummyng, cumyn, cymin
English: cumin

Old Saxon: kumīn, kumin

desc

Middle Low German: kōmīn, kȫmen, kömmen, commyn, kāmīn, kamīn

→ Danish: kommen

→ Old Swedish: kumin

Swedish: kummin

→ Finnish: kumina

Old Dutch: *kumīn

Middle Dutch: comijn, camijn, comin

desctree

Dutch: komijn
Afrikaans: komyn
Negerhollands: komin

Old High German: kumīn, kumin

Middle High German: kumin

Alemannic German: Chümmi

German: Kümm

→ Macedonian: ким (kim)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ким

Latin script: kim

→ Hungarian: kömény

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кимијен

Latin script: kimijen

→ Polish: kmin

→ Ukrainian: кмин (kmyn), тмин (tmyn), dialectally also кмін (kmin), тмін (tmin), тьмин (tʹmyn), кмінь (kminʹ), кмон (kmon), кмень (kmenʹ), кмен (kmen), цмин (cmyn), цмін (cmin), цьмин (cʹmyn), чмінь (čminʹ), хмін (xmin)

→ Czech: kmín

desc

→ Russian: тмин (tmin), кмин (kmin), кими́н (kimín), тимо́н (timón) — obsolete, тминъ (tmin), кминъ (kmin), кими́нъ (kimín), тимо́нъ (timón) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

→ Slovak: kmín


kumil

kumil (nominative singular)
kumilō (nominative plural)
kumilōs (nominative plural)
kumil (accusative singular)
kumilā (accusative plural)
kumilas (genitive singular)
kumilō (genitive plural)
kumilē (dative singular)
kumilum (dative plural)
kumilu (instrumental singular)
kumilum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *kumil

Middle Low German: kȫmel, kömmel

Low German: Kömel

Old High German: kumil

Middle High German: kumel, kümel

desctree

German: Kümmel, Kümm, Kümmich (obsolete)
→ Luxembourgish: Kümmel, Kimmel
→ Dutch: kummel
→ English: Kimmel
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: кимељ
Latin script: kimelj
→ Slovene: kímelj
→ Lower Sorbian: kimjel
→ Upper Sorbian: kimjelčka


kumī

kumī (nominative singular)
kumīn (accusative singular)
kumīn (genitive singular)
kumīn (dative singular)
kumīn (instrumental singular)

Old Saxon: *kumi

Middle Low German: köme, kāme

Old High German: kumi

desc

Middle High German: kume, küme, kumme, kumich, kümich

German: Kümmich

⇒ Cimbrian: khumazamo

alternative form of *kumīn (“caraway, cumin”)


erþōhnut

erþōhnut (nominative singular)
erþōhnuti (nominative plural)
erþōhnutu (accusative singular)
erþōhnuti (accusative plural)
erþōhnuti (genitive singular)
erþōhnutō (genitive plural)
erþōhnuti (dative singular)
erþōhnutum (dative plural)
erþōhnuti (instrumental singular)
erþōhnutum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: eorþhnutu
Middle English: erthenote
English: earthnut

Old Dutch: *erdnutu

Middle Dutch: erdnōte

Dutch: aardnoot

Old High German: erdnuz

Middle High German: ertnuz

German: Erdnuss

desc

→ Old French: grenote, giernote, giernote

Bourguignon: arnotte

French: erneute

→ French: terrenoix (calque)

Norman: gêrnotte, gernotte, gêunote

Poitevin-Saintongeais: abrenote

From Proto-Germanic *erþōhnuts. Equivalent to *erþu (“earth”) + *hnut (“nut”).


rādik

rādik (nominative singular)
rādikō (nominative plural)
rādikōs (nominative plural)
rādik (accusative singular)
rādikā (accusative plural)
rādikas (genitive singular)
rādikō (genitive plural)
rādikē (dative singular)
rādikum (dative plural)
rādiku (instrumental singular)
rādikum (instrumental plural)

Old English: rǣdiċ, rediċ

desctree

Middle English: radiche, radishe, redich, raddik, radike, redic, radisshe, radische, radik, radysche, radish
English: radish, raddish (obsolete)
→? Malay: rades
→ Maori: rātihi
Scots: raidish
→? Irish: raidis

Old Saxon: rādik, redik

desc

Middle Low German: râdik, rêdik, rēdik, reddik

German Low German: Reddig

→ Danish: ræddike

→? Faroese: redikur

→? Lithuanian: ridikas

→ Norwegian: reddik

→ Swedish: rättika
→ Finnish: retikka

Old Dutch: *rādik, *redik

Middle Dutch: râdic, rēdic

desctree

Old High German: rātih, retich, (Central German) rādich, redich
Middle High German: rætich, retich; rædich, redich
Alemannic German: Räätrich
Central Franconian: Rädich, Reddich, Redich, Riedich
German: Rettich
Yiddish: רעטעך (retekh)

→ Proto-Slavic: *redьky (see there for further descendants)


brāmilabaʀi

brāmilabaʀi (nominative singular)
brāmilabaʀju (nominative plural)
brāmilabaʀi (accusative singular)
brāmilabaʀju (accusative plural)
brāmilabaʀjas (genitive singular)
brāmilabaʀjō (genitive plural)
brāmilabaʀjē (dative singular)
brāmilabaʀjum (dative plural)
brāmilabaʀju (instrumental singular)
brāmilabaʀjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: brǣmelberġe, brǣmelberie, brēmelberiġe
Middle English: brymbyll bery
English: brambleberry

Old Saxon: *brāmalberi

desc

Middle Low German: brummelbēre, brummelbere

German Low German:

Low Prussian: Brommelbeere

Westphalian:

Westmünsterländisch: Brümmelbääse, Brömmelbääse, Brömmelbeer, Brömmelbeere

From *brāmil (“bramble”) + *baʀi (“berry”).

(North Sea Germanic) blackberry, brambleberry


arfō

arfō (nominative singular)
arfan (nominative plural)
arfan (accusative singular)
arfan (accusative plural)
arfini (genitive singular)
arfan (genitive singular)
arfanō (genitive plural)
arfini (dative singular)
arfan (dative singular)
arfum (dative plural)
arfini (instrumental singular)
arfan (instrumental singular)
arfum (instrumental plural)

Old English: earfan pl

Old Frisian: *arfa

Saterland Frisian: arf, arve

Old Saxon: *arfo

Middle Low German: *arfe

German Low German: Arf

→? Old Norse: arfi (see there for further descendants)

Old Dutch: *arfo

Middle Dutch: *erfe

Dutch: erf

Uncertain; possibly inherited from Proto-Germanic *arfô, or borrowed from Latin ervum.


dokkā

dokkā (nominative singular)
dokkōn (nominative plural)
dokkōn (accusative singular)
dokkōn (accusative plural)
dokkōn (genitive singular)
dokkōnō (genitive plural)
dokkōn (dative singular)
dokkōm (dative plural)
dokkum (dative plural)
dokkōn (instrumental singular)
dokkōm (instrumental plural)
dokkum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *docce

gl

merger with Old Norse <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">*dokkr</i>

Middle English: *dokke, dok (merger with Old Norse *dokkr)

English: dock

Scots: dok

desc

⇒? Old English: docga (“stocky breed of dog”) (see there for descendants)

⇒ Old English: fingerdocce

Old Frisian: *dokke

Saterland Frisian: Dokke

West Frisian: dok

Old Saxon: dokka

Middle Low German: docke

German Low German: Docke, Dock

Old Dutch: *dokka

Middle Dutch: docke

Dutch: dok

Old High German: tokka, tocka

Middle High German: tocke

German: Docke

doll (fashioned out of a bundle of straw or flax)


dokkā

Old English: docce

desctree

Middle English: dokke, docke, dok, doke, dokk
English: dock

Old Saxon: dokka

Middle Low German: docke

→ Old Danish: dokke

Old Dutch: *docka

Middle Dutch: docke

Dutch: dokke

Old High German: tocka

Middle High German: tocke

German: Docke

Unknown. Perhaps a specialised use of Etymology 1 above, or from Proto-Indo-European *dʰew- (“dark”).


þarbēn

þarbēn (infinitive)
þarbēnijas (genitive infinitive)
þarbēnijē (dative infinitive)
þarbēniju (infinitive instrumental)
þarbē (first-person present singular)
þarb?dā (first-person past singular)
þarbēs (present second-person singular)
þarb?dēs (past second-person singular)
þarbēþ (present singular third-person)
þarb?dē (past singular third-person)
þarb?dā (past singular third-person)
þarbēm (first-person plural present)
þarb?dum (first-person past plural)
þarbēþ (plural present second-person)
þarb?dud (past plural second-person)
þarbēnþ (plural present third-person)
þarb?dun (past plural third-person)
þarb?dī (first-person past singular)
þarb?dī (past second-person singular)
þarbē (present singular third-person)
þarb?dī (past singular third-person)
þarb?dīm (first-person past plural)
þarb?dīd (past plural second-person)
þarbēn (plural present third-person)
þarb?dīn (past plural third-person)
þarbē (present singular)
þarbēþ (plural present)
þarbēndī (participle present)
þarb?d (participle past)

Old English: þearfian

Old Saxon: tharvōn, tharbōn

Middle Low German: darven

Old Dutch: tharvon
Middle Dutch: darven
Dutch: derven
Afrikaans: derf, derwe

Old High German: darbēn, darbōn

Middle High German: darben

German: darben

From Proto-Germanic *þarbāną. Equivalent to *þarbu (“need”) + *-ēn.


warmēn

warmēn (infinitive)
warmēnijas (genitive infinitive)
warmēnijē (dative infinitive)
warmēniju (infinitive instrumental)
warmē (first-person present singular)
warm?dā (first-person past singular)
warmēs (present second-person singular)
warm?dēs (past second-person singular)
warmēþ (present singular third-person)
warm?dē (past singular third-person)
warm?dā (past singular third-person)
warmēm (first-person plural present)
warm?dum (first-person past plural)
warmēþ (plural present second-person)
warm?dud (past plural second-person)
warmēnþ (plural present third-person)
warm?dun (past plural third-person)
warm?dī (first-person past singular)
warm?dī (past second-person singular)
warmē (present singular third-person)
warm?dī (past singular third-person)
warm?dīm (first-person past plural)
warm?dīd (past plural second-person)
warmēn (plural present third-person)
warm?dīn (past plural third-person)
warmē (present singular)
warmēþ (plural present)
warmēndī (participle present)
warm?d (participle past)

Old English: wearmian

Middle English: warmen

English: warm

Old Frisian: *warmia

⇒ Old Frisian: forwarmia

Old Saxon: *warmōn

Middle Low German: warmen

Old Dutch: *warmon
Middle Dutch: warmen, wermen
Dutch: warmen

Old High German: warmēn

Middle High German: warmen


haʀu

haʀu (nominative singular)
haʀwō (nominative plural)
haʀwōs (nominative plural)
haʀu (accusative singular)
haʀwā (accusative plural)
haʀwas (genitive singular)
haʀwō (genitive plural)
haʀwē (dative singular)
haʀum (dative plural)
haʀu (instrumental singular)
haʀum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: har, her

Saterland Frisian: Harrel

Old Saxon: *har (in harluf)

⇒ Middle Low German: harle, herle

Low German: harle

→ English: harl

→ Scots: harle, harl

Old High German: har; haro

Middle High German: har

German: Haar


waiʀdīn

waiʀdīn (masculine nominative singular)
waiʀdīnu (feminine nominative singular)
waiʀdīn (neuter nominative singular)
waiʀdīnanā (accusative masculine singular)
waiʀdīnā (accusative feminine singular)
waiʀdīn (accusative neuter singular)
waiʀdīnas (genitive masculine singular)
waiʀdīneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
waiʀdīnas (genitive neuter singular)
waiʀdīnumē (dative masculine singular)
waiʀdīneʀē (dative feminine singular)
waiʀdīnumē (dative neuter singular)
waiʀdīnu (instrumental masculine singular)
waiʀdīneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
waiʀdīnu (instrumental neuter singular)
waiʀdīnē (masculine nominative plural)
waiʀdīnō (feminine nominative plural)
waiʀdīnu (neuter nominative plural)
waiʀdīnā (accusative masculine plural)
waiʀdīnā (accusative feminine plural)
waiʀdīnu (accusative neuter plural)
waiʀdīneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
waiʀdīneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
waiʀdīneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
waiʀdīnēm (dative masculine plural)
waiʀdīnum (dative masculine plural)
waiʀdīnēm (dative feminine plural)
waiʀdīnum (dative feminine plural)
waiʀdīnēm (dative neuter plural)
waiʀdīnum (dative neuter plural)
waiʀdīnēm (instrumental masculine plural)
waiʀdīnum (instrumental masculine plural)
waiʀdīnēm (feminine instrumental plural)
waiʀdīnum (feminine instrumental plural)
waiʀdīnēm (instrumental neuter plural)
waiʀdīnum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: wǣden

English: woaden (archaic)

Old Frisian: wēden

desc

North Frisian: (mainland dialects) ween (“blue”)

Old Saxon: *wēdīn

Middle Low German: wêden

Old High German: weitīn

Middle High German: weitīn


seukēn

seukēn (infinitive)
seukēnijas (genitive infinitive)
seukēnijē (dative infinitive)
seukēniju (infinitive instrumental)
seukē (first-person present singular)
seuk?dā (first-person past singular)
seukēs (present second-person singular)
seuk?dēs (past second-person singular)
seukēþ (present singular third-person)
seuk?dē (past singular third-person)
seuk?dā (past singular third-person)
seukēm (first-person plural present)
seuk?dum (first-person past plural)
seukēþ (plural present second-person)
seuk?dud (past plural second-person)
seukēnþ (plural present third-person)
seuk?dun (past plural third-person)
seuk?dī (first-person past singular)
seuk?dī (past second-person singular)
seukē (present singular third-person)
seuk?dī (past singular third-person)
seuk?dīm (first-person past plural)
seuk?dīd (past plural second-person)
seukēn (plural present third-person)
seuk?dīn (past plural third-person)
seukē (present singular)
seukēþ (plural present)
seukēndī (participle present)
seuk?d (participle past)

Old English: sēocian

Middle English: siken

Old Saxon: *siokōn

Middle Low German: sēken

desctree

Old Dutch: siecon
Middle Dutch: sieken
Dutch: zieken

Old High German: siohhēn

Middle High German: siechen

German: siechen


nahtēn

nahtēn (infinitive)
nahtēnijas (genitive infinitive)
nahtēnijē (dative infinitive)
nahtēniju (infinitive instrumental)
nahtē (first-person present singular)
naht?dā (first-person past singular)
nahtēs (present second-person singular)
naht?dēs (past second-person singular)
nahtēþ (present singular third-person)
naht?dē (past singular third-person)
naht?dā (past singular third-person)
nahtēm (first-person plural present)
naht?dum (first-person past plural)
nahtēþ (plural present second-person)
naht?dud (past plural second-person)
nahtēnþ (plural present third-person)
naht?dun (past plural third-person)
naht?dī (first-person past singular)
naht?dī (past second-person singular)
nahtē (present singular third-person)
naht?dī (past singular third-person)
naht?dīm (first-person past plural)
naht?dīd (past plural second-person)
nahtēn (plural present third-person)
naht?dīn (past plural third-person)
nahtē (present singular)
nahtēþ (plural present)
nahtēndī (participle present)
naht?d (participle past)

Old English: nihtian

Middle English: nighten

Old Dutch: *nahton

Middle Dutch: *nachten

q

Dutch: nachten (scarcely attested in early modern Dutch)

Old High German: nahtēn

Middle High German: nachten

German: nachten

From Proto-Germanic *nahtāną. Equivalent to *naht (“night”) + *-ēn.


ubirnahtēn

ubirnahtēn (infinitive)
ubirnahtēnijas (genitive infinitive)
ubirnahtēnijē (dative infinitive)
ubirnahtēniju (infinitive instrumental)
ubirnahtē (first-person present singular)
ubirnaht?dā (first-person past singular)
ubirnahtēs (present second-person singular)
ubirnaht?dēs (past second-person singular)
ubirnahtēþ (present singular third-person)
ubirnaht?dē (past singular third-person)
ubirnaht?dā (past singular third-person)
ubirnahtēm (first-person plural present)
ubirnaht?dum (first-person past plural)
ubirnahtēþ (plural present second-person)
ubirnaht?dud (past plural second-person)
ubirnahtēnþ (plural present third-person)
ubirnaht?dun (past plural third-person)
ubirnaht?dī (first-person past singular)
ubirnaht?dī (past second-person singular)
ubirnahtē (present singular third-person)
ubirnaht?dī (past singular third-person)
ubirnaht?dīm (first-person past plural)
ubirnaht?dīd (past plural second-person)
ubirnahtēn (plural present third-person)
ubirnaht?dīn (past plural third-person)
ubirnahtē (present singular)
ubirnahtēþ (plural present)
ubirnahtēndī (participle present)
ubirnaht?d (participle past)
*obarnahtēn (alternative)

Old Frisian: *overnahtia

West Frisian: oernachtsje

Old Saxon: *ovarnahton

Middle Low German: övernachten

→ Danish: overnatte

→ Swedish: övernatta

→ Norwegian:

→ Norwegian Bokmål: overnatte

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: overnatte, overnatta

Old Dutch: *ovirnahton ~ *overnahton

Middle Dutch: overnachten

Dutch: overnachten

Old High German: ubarnahtēn

Middle High German: übernachten

German: übernachten


taubrōn

taubrōn (infinitive)
taubrōnijas (genitive infinitive)
taubrōnijē (dative infinitive)
taubrōniju (infinitive instrumental)
taubrō (first-person present singular)
taubrōdā (first-person past singular)
taubrōs (present second-person singular)
taubrōdēs (past second-person singular)
taubrōdōs (past second-person singular)
taubrōþ (present singular third-person)
taubrōdē (past singular third-person)
taubrōdā (past singular third-person)
taubrōm (first-person plural present)
taubrōdum (first-person past plural)
taubrōþ (plural present second-person)
taubrōdud (past plural second-person)
taubrōnþ (plural present third-person)
taubrōdun (past plural third-person)
taubrōdī (first-person past singular)
taubrōdī (past second-person singular)
taubrō (present singular third-person)
taubrōdī (past singular third-person)
taubrōdīm (first-person past plural)
taubrōdīd (past plural second-person)
taubrōn (plural present third-person)
taubrōdīn (past plural third-person)
taubrō (present singular)
taubrōþ (plural present)
taubrōndī (participle present)
taubrōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: tāveria

West Frisian: thauwerje

Old Saxon: *tōvarōn

Middle Low German: tôveren

German Low German: tovern, tövern

Old Dutch: *tōvaron

desctree

Middle Dutch: tôveren
Dutch: toveren
Afrikaans: toor
Negerhollands: tover
→ Saramaccan: tófu
→ West Frisian: toverje
Limburgish: touvere

Old High German: zoubarōn

Middle High German: zoubern

German: zaubern

→ Luxembourgish: zauberen


blōmō

blōmō (nominative singular)
blōman (nominative plural)
blōman (accusative singular)
blōman (accusative plural)
blōmini (genitive singular)
blōman (genitive singular)
blōmanō (genitive plural)
blōmini (dative singular)
blōman (dative singular)
blōmum (dative plural)
blōmini (instrumental singular)
blōman (instrumental singular)
blōmum (instrumental plural)

Old English: blōma
Middle English: blome
English: bloom

Old Frisian: blōma; *blōme f

Saterland Frisian: Bloume

West Frisian: blom, blomme

Old Saxon: blōmo; *blōma f

Middle Low German: blōme

Dutch Low Saxon: bloom, bloeme

German Low German: Bloom

Plautdietsch: Bloom

Old Dutch: bluoma
Middle Dutch: bloeme, blume, blome, bloem, bloom, blomme, blom
Dutch: bloem, blom, blomme (dialectal)
Afrikaans: bloem, blom
Negerhollands: bloem
→ Virgin Islands Creole: bluminstji (dated, from a diminutive form)
→ Sranan Tongo: blon (flour)
→ Aukan: bolon
→ Kari'na: polimin
→ Saramaccan: boón
→ Sranan Tongo: bromki (flower)
Aukan: boomiki
→ Kari'na: poromiki
Limburgish: bloom
West Flemish: blomme
Zealandic: blomme

Old High German: bluomo, bluoma
Middle High German: bluome, blōme, pluome
Bavarian: Blama, Bleame, Bleaml, Bloama, Bluma
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Blumm
Kölsch: Bloom
Luxembourgish: Blumm
German: Blume
German Low German: Bloom
Plautdietsch: Bloom
Rhine Franconian: Blum, Blumm
Frankfurterisch: [plum]
Pennsylvania German: Blumm
Yiddish: בלום (blum)

From Proto-Germanic *blōmô; equivalent to *blōan + *-mō.


hūsalauk

hūsalauk (nominative singular)
hūsalaukō (nominative plural)
hūsalaukōs (nominative plural)
hūsalauk (accusative singular)
hūsalaukā (accusative plural)
hūsalaukas (genitive singular)
hūsalaukō (genitive plural)
hūsalaukē (dative singular)
hūsalaukum (dative plural)
hūsalauku (instrumental singular)
hūsalaukum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *hūslēac

Middle English: houslek, houseleke, howsleek, howsleke, husseleck
English: houseleek

Old Frisian: *hūslāk

Saterland Frisian: Húuslook (“chive”)

desc

West Frisian: húslok, húslak, húslek, húskelak

Old Saxon: *hūslōk

Middle Low German: hûslôk, hûsloeck

German Low German:

Altmärkisch: Huslook

Westphalian: Huusloog

→ Old Norse: húslaukr (calque)

Swedish: huslök

Danish: husløg

Old Dutch: *hūslōk

Middle Dutch: hûslôk

Dutch: huislook

Old High German: hūslouh

Middle High German: hūseslouch

German: Hauslauch


krūci

desctree

Old English: crūċ
Middle English: crouche, cruche
English: crouch

Old Saxon: krūci, krūzi
Middle Low German: krü̂ze, kruze, krûce, cruece, kruse, cruese, crusse, cryce, crü̂ce, krutze, krü̂z, krus, crues, cruyts
Dutch Low Saxon: kruus
German Low German: Krüüz, Krüz, Kriiz
Plautdietsch: Kjriez
→ Danish: kryds
→ Norwegian: kryss
→ Swedish: kryss
→ Old Frisian: kriōce, kriōse, krūs
Saterland Frisian: Krüüs
West Frisian: krús

Old Dutch: *krūci
Middle Dutch: crûce, crûs
Dutch: kruis
Afrikaans: kruis
Negerhollands: kroes, cruis, krus
→ Caribbean Javanese: krèis
→ Indonesian: kres
Limburgish: kruutse
West Flemish: kruus

Old High German: krūzi
Middle High German: kriuze, kriuz, krūze, krūz, chrouze
Alemannic German: Chrüüz
Bavarian: Kreiz
Central Franconian: Krütz, Kröx (eastern Ripuarian), Kreiz (Moselle Franconian)
Hunsrik: Kreiz
Luxembourgish: Kräiz
Cimbrian: khròitze
East Central German: Greiz, Greize, Kreiz
Vilamovian: krojc
German: Kreuz
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Greiz

Borrowed from Latin crux ~ crūcis (“cross”).


losōn

losōn (infinitive)
losōnijas (genitive infinitive)
losōnijē (dative infinitive)
losōniju (infinitive instrumental)
losō (first-person present singular)
losōdā (first-person past singular)
losōs (present second-person singular)
losōdēs (past second-person singular)
losōdōs (past second-person singular)
losōþ (present singular third-person)
losōdē (past singular third-person)
losōdā (past singular third-person)
losōm (first-person plural present)
losōdum (first-person past plural)
losōþ (plural present second-person)
losōdud (past plural second-person)
losōnþ (plural present third-person)
losōdun (past plural third-person)
losōdī (first-person past singular)
losōdī (past second-person singular)
losō (present singular third-person)
losōdī (past singular third-person)
losōdīm (first-person past plural)
losōdīd (past plural second-person)
losōn (plural present third-person)
losōdīn (past plural third-person)
losō (present singular)
losōþ (plural present)
losōndī (participle present)
losōd (participle past)

Old English: losian

Middle English: losien, losen

English: lose

Scots: los, lois, lose

Old Saxon: *losōn

Middle Low German: lossen, lössen (backformed to the adjective)

→ German: löschen

Old Dutch: *loson

Middle Dutch: lōsen, lossen (backformed to the adjective)

Dutch: lossen

From Proto-Germanic *lusōną, equivalent to *los (“loose, free”) + *-ōn.


daubēn

daubēn (infinitive)
daubēnijas (genitive infinitive)
daubēnijē (dative infinitive)
daubēniju (infinitive instrumental)
daubē (first-person present singular)
daub?dā (first-person past singular)
daubēs (present second-person singular)
daub?dēs (past second-person singular)
daubēþ (present singular third-person)
daub?dē (past singular third-person)
daub?dā (past singular third-person)
daubēm (first-person plural present)
daub?dum (first-person past plural)
daubēþ (plural present second-person)
daub?dud (past plural second-person)
daubēnþ (plural present third-person)
daub?dun (past plural third-person)
daub?dī (first-person past singular)
daub?dī (past second-person singular)
daubē (present singular third-person)
daub?dī (past singular third-person)
daub?dīm (first-person past plural)
daub?dīd (past plural second-person)
daubēn (plural present third-person)
daub?dīn (past plural third-person)
daubē (present singular)
daubēþ (plural present)
daubēndī (participle present)
daub?d (participle past)

Old English: dēafian

Middle English: dēven

Scots: deave

⇒ Old English: ādēafian

Old Frisian: dâvia

Old Saxon: *dōfōn

Middle Low German: dōven

Old Dutch: *dōvon
Middle Dutch: dôven
Dutch: doven
→ West Frisian: dôvje, doovje, dove

Old High German: toubēn

Middle High German: touben

German: täuben


unciju

unciju (nominative singular)
uncijō (nominative plural)
uncijā (accusative singular)
uncijā (accusative plural)
uncijā (genitive singular)
uncijō (genitive plural)
uncijē (dative singular)
uncijōm (dative plural)
uncijum (dative plural)
unciju (instrumental singular)
uncijōm (instrumental plural)
uncijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ynċe m, yndse, yntse f

Middle English: ynche, ench, enche, inch, inche, neynche, ninche, unch, unche, ynch
English: inch (see there for further descendants)
Scots: inch

Old Frisian: enze, ense, einse

West Frisian: ûns

Old Saxon: *uncia, *unzia

Middle Low German: unse, unze, untze

German Low German: Oons, Oos

Old Dutch: *unca

desc

Middle Dutch: once, onse, unce, unse, unx

Dutch: ons

Old High German: unza

Middle High German: unze, unz

German: Unze

Yiddish: אונץ (unts)

From Latin uncia. Parallel borrowing with Old Norse unzia, Gothic 𐌿𐌽𐌺𐌾𐌰 (unkja).


kellārī

kellārī (nominative singular)
kellārijō (nominative plural)
kellārijōs (nominative plural)
kellārī (accusative singular)
kellārijā (accusative plural)
kellārijas (genitive singular)
kellārijō (genitive plural)
kellārijē (dative singular)
kellārijum (dative plural)
kellāriju (instrumental singular)
kellārijum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: keller

Old Saxon: *kellāri

Middle Low German: kellære, keller, kellere, kelder, kelre

German Low German: Keller

→ Estonian: kelder

→ Old Norse: kellari

Icelandic: kjallari

Faroese: kjallari

Norwegian: kjeller

Swedish: källare
→ Finnish: kellari

Danish: kælder

Old Dutch: kellere, kellera, kelleri

Middle Dutch: kelre, keller, kelder

desctree

Dutch: kelder
Afrikaans: kelder
Negerhollands: keller
→ Kristang: kelda
→ Papiamentu: kèlder, kelder
→ Sranan Tongo: kedre
→ Kari'na: ketere

Old High German: kellari, kellāri

desc

Middle High German: keller, kelre, chellar

Bavarian:

Hutterisch: Keller

Cimbrian: khèllar

German: Keller

Luxembourgish: Keller

Yiddish: קעלער (keler)

Borrowed from Late Latin cellārium (“storeroom, cellar”).


tigulā

tigulā (nominative singular)
tigulōn (nominative plural)
tigulōn (accusative singular)
tigulōn (accusative plural)
tigulōn (genitive singular)
tigulōnō (genitive plural)
tigulōn (dative singular)
tigulōm (dative plural)
tigulum (dative plural)
tigulōn (instrumental singular)
tigulōm (instrumental plural)
tigulum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: tigele, tigule, tigle, tiegle, tighele, tygele
Middle English: tigel, tighele, teghell, teȝele, tiȝel, tyle, tile
English: tile (see there for further descendants)
Scots: tyl, tild

Old Frisian: *tigel, *tichel

Saterland Frisian: Tichel

West Frisian: tichel, tegel, teil (possibly from Dutch)

Old Saxon: tiegla

Middle Low German: tēgel, tichel

German Low German: Tichel

Plautdietsch: Tieejel

Old Dutch: tegela

Middle Dutch: tigele, tegel, tichel

Dutch: tegel, tichel

Afrikaans: teël

Old High German: ziagala, ziagal

Middle High German: ziegel

German: Ziegel
→ Serbo-Croatian: cígla

Hunsrik: Zieghel

Luxembourgish: Zill

→ Czech: cihla

→ Polish: cegła, czegła (Middle Polish)
→ Belarusian: цэ́гла (céhla)
→ Kashubian: cegła
→ Slovincian: cêgla
→ Ukrainian: це́гла (céhla)


arbaidōn

arbaidōn (infinitive)
arbaidōnijas (genitive infinitive)
arbaidōnijē (dative infinitive)
arbaidōniju (infinitive instrumental)
arbaidō (first-person present singular)
arbaidōdā (first-person past singular)
arbaidōs (present second-person singular)
arbaidōdēs (past second-person singular)
arbaidōdōs (past second-person singular)
arbaidōþ (present singular third-person)
arbaidōdē (past singular third-person)
arbaidōdā (past singular third-person)
arbaidōm (first-person plural present)
arbaidōdum (first-person past plural)
arbaidōþ (plural present second-person)
arbaidōdud (past plural second-person)
arbaidōnþ (plural present third-person)
arbaidōdun (past plural third-person)
arbaidōdī (first-person past singular)
arbaidōdī (past second-person singular)
arbaidō (present singular third-person)
arbaidōdī (past singular third-person)
arbaidōdīm (first-person past plural)
arbaidōdīd (past plural second-person)
arbaidōn (plural present third-person)
arbaidōdīn (past plural third-person)
arbaidō (present singular)
arbaidōþ (plural present)
arbaidōndī (participle present)
arbaidōd (participle past)

Old English: earfodian

Old Frisian: arbêdia

North Frisian:

Sylt: maaki

Saterland Frisian: oarbaidje

West Frisian: arbeidzje

Old Saxon: arvidōn

Middle Low German: arbeiden (merged with the descendant of *arbaidijan)

Low German: arbeiden

→ Danish: arbejde

→ Faroese: arbeiða

→ Norwegian: arbeide, arbeida

→ Old Swedish: arbeida, arbeta

Swedish: arbeta

Old High German: arabeitōn, arbeitōn

Middle High German: arebeiten, arbeiten (merged with the descendant of *arbaidijan)

desc

Bavarian: arwadn, arweddn, oaweddn, orbeita

Cimbrian: arbatn, èrbatan (Sette Comuni)

Kölsch: arbigge

German: arbeiten

Yiddish: אַרבעטן (arbetn)

From Proto-Germanic *arbaidōną, equivalent to *arbaiþi (“hardship”) + *-ōn.