gasinþaskapi

gasinþaskapi (nominative singular)
gasinþaskapī (nominative plural)
gasinþaskapi (accusative singular)
gasinþaskapī (accusative plural)
gasinþaskapī (genitive singular)
gasinþaskappjō (genitive plural)
gasinþaskapī (dative singular)
gasinþaskapim (dative plural)
gasinþaskappjum (dative plural)
gasinþaskapī (instrumental singular)
gasinþaskapim (instrumental plural)
gasinþaskappjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġesīþsċipe

Old Saxon: gisīthskepi

Old High German: gisindscaf

From *gasinþ + *-skapi, from Proto-Germanic *gasinþô (“companion”).


gamainiskapi

gamainiskapi (nominative singular)
gamainiskapī (nominative plural)
gamainiskapi (accusative singular)
gamainiskapī (accusative plural)
gamainiskapī (genitive singular)
gamainiskappjō (genitive plural)
gamainiskapī (dative singular)
gamainiskapim (dative plural)
gamainiskappjum (dative plural)
gamainiskapī (instrumental singular)
gamainiskapim (instrumental plural)
gamainiskappjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġemǣnsċipe

Old Dutch: *gimēnscap

Middle Dutch: gemêenscap

Dutch: gemeenschap

Old High German: gimeinscaf

German: Gemeinschaft


gamainī

gamainī (masculine nominative singular)
gamainiju (feminine nominative singular)
gamainī (neuter nominative singular)
gamainijanā (accusative masculine singular)
gamainijā (accusative feminine singular)
gamainī (accusative neuter singular)
gamainijas (genitive masculine singular)
gamainijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
gamainijas (genitive neuter singular)
gamainijumē (dative masculine singular)
gamainijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
gamainijumē (dative neuter singular)
gamainiju (instrumental masculine singular)
gamainijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
gamainiju (instrumental neuter singular)
gamainijē (masculine nominative plural)
gamainijō (feminine nominative plural)
gamainiju (neuter nominative plural)
gamainijā (accusative masculine plural)
gamainijā (accusative feminine plural)
gamainiju (accusative neuter plural)
gamainijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
gamainijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
gamainijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
gamainijēm (dative masculine plural)
gamainijum (dative masculine plural)
gamainijēm (dative feminine plural)
gamainijum (dative feminine plural)
gamainijēm (dative neuter plural)
gamainijum (dative neuter plural)
gamainijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
gamainijum (instrumental masculine plural)
gamainijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
gamainijum (feminine instrumental plural)
gamainijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
gamainijum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: ġemǣne
Middle English: ȝemene, imæne, imeane, imene
English: mean
Scots: mene, mein

Old Frisian: gemēne

Saterland Frisian: gemeen

West Frisian: gemien, mien

Old Saxon: gimēni
Middle Low German: gemêne, gemeine, gemên
Low German: gemeen
→ Swedish: gemen

Old Dutch: *gimēni

Middle Dutch: gemêne

Dutch: gemeen
Afrikaans: gemeen
Negerhollands: gemeen
Petjo: gemeen

Limburgish: gemein

Old High German: gimeini

Middle High German: gemeine

German: gemein

Luxembourgish: gemeeng

⇒ Old High German: gimeinī (noun)

Alemannic German: g'mai

Middle High German: gemeine

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: kamou, komàun

Mòcheno: gamoa'

German: Gemeine (archaic)

→ Polish: gmina
→ English: gmina
→ Ukrainian: ґміна (gmina)

Luxembourgish: Gemeng

From Proto-Germanic *gamainiz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


angil

angil (nominative singular)
angilō (nominative plural)
angilōs (nominative plural)
angil (accusative singular)
angilā (accusative plural)
angilas (genitive singular)
angilō (genitive plural)
angilē (dative singular)
angilum (dative plural)
angilu (instrumental singular)
angilum (instrumental plural)

Old English: enġel, anġel, ænġel, enġyl, enċġel
Middle English: aungel, angel, angele, angell, angyl, angyll, angylle, aungell, aungil, awngel (Late Middle English), ængel, engel, ongel (Early Middle English), ennꟑell (Ormulum) (influenced by Anglo-Norman angle)
English: angel (see there for further descendants)
Scots: angel, aungel

Old Frisian: angel, engel
Saterland Frisian: Ängel
West Frisian: ingel

Old Saxon: engil
Middle Low German: engel
Low German:
German Low German: Engel
Plautdietsch: Enjel
→ Estonian: ingel
→ Old Norse: engill
Icelandic: engill
Faroese: eingil
Norwegian:
Norwegian Nynorsk: engel
Norwegian Bokmål: engel
Elfdalian: aindjel
Danish: engel
Old Swedish: ængil, engil
Swedish: ängel
→ Finnish: enkeli
Gutnish: änggel

Old Dutch: *engil

Middle Dutch: engel
Dutch: engel
Afrikaans: engel
Negerhollands: engel
→ Papiamentu: engel
Limburgish: ingel

Old High German: engil, angil
Middle High German: engel
Alemannic German: Ängel, Ängu
Swabian: Engele
Bavarian: Engl
Cimbrian: énghel
German: Engel
→? Yiddish: ענגעל (engel)
Luxembourgish: Engel
→ Latvian: eņģelis

Borrowed from Latin angelus (“angel, messenger”).


diubul

diubul (nominative singular)
diubulō (nominative plural)
diubulōs (nominative plural)
diubul (accusative singular)
diubulā (accusative plural)
diubulas (genitive singular)
diubulō (genitive plural)
diubulē (dative singular)
diubulum (dative plural)
diubulu (instrumental singular)
diubulum (instrumental plural)

Old English: dēofol, dēoful, dīoful, dīofol
Middle English: devel, deovel, deevel, devil, dyvel, devul, devyl, devell, devyll, deul, dewel, deyle, devull, dele
English: devil (see there for further descendants)
Scots: deil, deel, deevil
Yola: deevil, deel (syncopated)

Old Frisian: diōvel

North Frisian: düüwel

Saterland Frisian: Düüwel

West Frisian: duvel

Old Saxon: diuval
Middle Low German: dūvel
German Low German: Düwel, Dîwel
→ Old Norse: djǫfull
Icelandic: djöfull
Faroese: djevul, devul, devil
Norwegian:
Bokmål: djevel
Nynorsk: djevel
Old Swedish: diævul, diæffwol, diæffuill, diawl, diwell, dyfwll, dyffwill, diefwel
Swedish: djävel, djävul, jävel
Danish: djævel

Old Dutch: diuval

Middle Dutch: duvel
Dutch: duivel, duvel (archaic or dialectal)
Afrikaans: duiwel
Berbice Creole Dutch: diflu
Negerhollands: duvel, dievel
Limburgish: duvel

Old High German: tiufal
Middle High German: tiuvel, tievel
Alemannic German: Tüüfel
Swabian: Deifel
Bavarian: Deiwi, Deifi, Teifi
Cimbrian: taüvl
Central Franconian: Düüvel, Deuvel, Deivel
Hunsrik: Deivel
Luxembourgish: Däiwel
East Central German: Deibel, Teibel, Teifel
Vilamovian: tojfuł
→ German: Deibel
German: Teufel
Rhine Franconian: Deiwel
Pennsylvania German: Deiwel
Yiddish: טײַוול (tayvl)


Krēkō

Old English: Crēcas, Grēcas, Crēce, Grēce
Middle English: Greke
English: Greek

Old Frisian:

North Frisian:

Mooring: griiche

Saterland Frisian: Grieke

West Frisian: Gryk

Old Saxon: *Krēkos

Middle Low German: grēke

Low German: Greek

Old Dutch: *Krēka(s)

Middle Dutch: Griec, Grieke

Dutch: Griek

Old High German: Kriehha

desc

Middle High German: krieche, (rare) grieche

German: Grieche, (obsolete) Krieche

Borrowed from Latin Graecus (“Greek”). Parallel borrowing with Gothic 𐌺𐍂𐌴𐌺𐍃 (krēks, “Greek”) with the same treatment of the initial consonant.


kampijō

kampijō (nominative singular)
kampijan (nominative plural)
kampijan (accusative singular)
kampijan (accusative plural)
kampijini (genitive singular)
kampijan (genitive singular)
kampijanō (genitive plural)
kampijini (dative singular)
kampijan (dative singular)
kampijum (dative plural)
kampijini (instrumental singular)
kampijan (instrumental singular)
kampijum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: cempa, cæmpa
Middle English: kempe
English: kemp; Kemp (surname)
Scots: kemp
Middle English: cæppe, keppe (merger with Old Norse kappi)
→ Old Norse: kempa f
Icelandic: kempa
Faroese: kempa
Norwegian Nynorsk: kjempe, kjempa
Middle Swedish: kämpa
Swedish: kämpe

Old Frisian: kempa

Old Saxon: kempio

Middle Low German: kempe

→ German: Kämpe

→ Swedish: kämpe

→ Danish: kjæmpe, kæmpe

Norwegian Bokmål: kjempe m or f

Old Dutch: *kempo

Middle Dutch: kempe

Old High German: kempfo, kemphio, chemphio, kempho, chempho
Middle High German: kempfe
German: Kämpfe, Kämpfer

→ Latin: campiō (see there for further descendants)

From *kampijan (“to fight, do battle”) + *-jō.


klīrik

klīrik (nominative singular)
klīrikō (nominative plural)
klīrikōs (nominative plural)
klīrik (accusative singular)
klīrikā (accusative plural)
klīrikas (genitive singular)
klīrikō (genitive plural)
klīrikē (dative singular)
klīrikum (dative plural)
klīriku (instrumental singular)
klīrikum (instrumental plural)

Old English: clīroc

Old High German: klīrih


kukinā

kukinā (nominative singular)
kukinōn (nominative plural)
kukinōn (accusative singular)
kukinōn (accusative plural)
kukinōn (genitive singular)
kukinōnō (genitive plural)
kukinōn (dative singular)
kukinōm (dative plural)
kukinum (dative plural)
kukinōn (instrumental singular)
kukinōm (instrumental plural)
kukinum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: cyċene
Middle English: kychyn
English: kitchen (see there for further descendants)
Scots: kitchen, kitchin, ketchin, keetchen
→ Middle Irish: cisten
Irish: cistin
Manx: kishteen, kishtyn
Scottish Gaelic: cidsin

Old Frisian: *kuken, *koken

North Frisian: köögen

Saterland Frisian: Köäkene

West Frisian: koken

Old Saxon: *kukina

Middle Low German: kokene, kȫke
Low German:
Dutch Low Saxon: kökken
German Low German: Köken, Köök
Plautdietsch: Kjäakj
→ Danish: køkken
→ Estonian: köök
→ Faroese: køkur
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kjøk, kjøken
→ Gutnish: kök
→ Norwegian Bokmål: kjøkken
→ Northern Sami: gievkkan
→ Old Swedish: køkia
Swedish: kök
→ Finnish: kyökki

Old Dutch: *cukina
Middle Dutch: cuekene
Dutch: keuken
→ Ligurian: keuke

Old High German: chuhhina
Middle High German: küche, kuche
Alemannic German: Chuchi
Swabian:
Bavarian: Kuche, Kuhe, Kuchl (diminutive)
Cimbrian: khuchl (diminutive)
Mòcheno:
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Kich
Kölsch: Kösch
Luxembourgish: Kichen
East Central German:
Upper Saxon German:
Vilamovian: kych
East Franconian:
German: Küche
Rhine Franconian: Kich, Kiech, Kisch
Frankfurterisch: [kiʃ]
Pennsylvania German: Kich
Yiddish: קיך (kikh)
→ Czech: kuchyně
→ Old Polish: kuchnia (see there for further descendants)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: кухиња
Latin script: kuhinja
→ Slovene: kuhinja
→ Hungarian: konyha (via some Slavic language)

Borrowed from Late Latin cocīna, ultimately from Latin coquō (“cook”, verb).


gimmu

gimmu (nominative singular)
gimmō (nominative plural)
gimmā (accusative singular)
gimmā (accusative plural)
gimmā (genitive singular)
gimmō (genitive plural)
gimmē (dative singular)
gimmōm (dative plural)
gimmum (dative plural)
gimmu (instrumental singular)
gimmōm (instrumental plural)
gimmum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġimm, ġim, ġym, ġymm
Middle English: ȝimme, ȝem, ȝim, yimme; (through merger with Old French gemme, geme) gemme, geme, iemme, ieme
English: gem
Scots: gem

Old Saxon: *gimma

Middle Low German: gimme, gemme

Old Dutch: *gimma, *gemma

Middle Dutch: gemme

Dutch: gem

Old High German: gimma

Middle High German: gimme

German: Gimme, Gemme


labal

labal (nominative singular)
labalō (nominative plural)
labalōs (nominative plural)
labal (accusative singular)
labalā (accusative plural)
labalas (genitive singular)
labalō (genitive plural)
labalē (dative singular)
labalum (dative plural)
labalu (instrumental singular)
labalum (instrumental plural)

Old English: læfel, lefel

Middle English: læfel, lawvel

Old Frisian: *level

⇒ Old Frisian: leflen

⇒ Old Frisian: levin, lioven

desc

→⇒ Middle Low German: lōvenbecken, loevenbecken, lōfbecken

Old Saxon: laƀil, lavil

Old Dutch: *lavil

Middle Dutch: level

Old High German: labal, label, lapel

Middle High German: label


mintā

mintā (nominative singular)
mintōn (nominative plural)
mintōn (accusative singular)
mintōn (accusative plural)
mintōn (genitive singular)
mintōnō (genitive plural)
mintōn (dative singular)
mintōm (dative plural)
mintum (dative plural)
mintōn (instrumental singular)
mintōm (instrumental plural)
mintum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: minte
Middle English: mynte, mente, mint, minte, mynt
English: mint
Scots: mint
→ Welsh: mint

Old Frisian: *minta

⇒ Saterland Frisian: Minte

Old Saxon: minta

Middle Low German: minte, münte

Plautdietsch: Mints

→ Old Norse: minta

Old Danish: myntæ, mintæ
Danish: mynte

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: minte

Norwegian Nynorsk: minte (dialectal mynta)

Old Swedish: mynta

Swedish: mynta

→ Finnish: minttu

Old Dutch: *minta
Middle Dutch: mente, minte
Dutch: munt

Old High German: minza

Middle High German: minze

German: Minze

Yiddish: מינץ (mints)


mīliju

mīliju (nominative singular)
mīlijō (nominative plural)
mīlijā (accusative singular)
mīlijā (accusative plural)
mīlijā (genitive singular)
mīlijō (genitive plural)
mīlijē (dative singular)
mīlijōm (dative plural)
mīlijum (dative plural)
mīliju (instrumental singular)
mīlijōm (instrumental plural)
mīlijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: mīl
Middle English: myle, mile
Scots: mile
English: mile

Old Frisian: *mīl, *mile

Saterland Frisian: Miele

West Frisian: mile

Old Saxon: *mīlia

Middle Low German: mīle

Low German: Mile

Old Dutch: *mīla

Middle Dutch: mile

Dutch: mijl
Afrikaans: myl
Negerhollands: miel
English: mijl
→ Indonesian: mil
→ Papiamentu: my (dated)

Old High German: mīla, mīlla
Middle High German: mīle, mīl
German: Meile
Luxembourgish: Meil
Yiddish: מײַל (mayl)

Borrowed from Latin mīlle passūs (“Roman mile”, literally “thousand paces”).


plūmā

plūmā (nominative singular)
plūmōn (nominative plural)
plūmōn (accusative singular)
plūmōn (accusative plural)
plūmōn (genitive singular)
plūmōnō (genitive plural)
plūmōn (dative singular)
plūmōm (dative plural)
plūmum (dative plural)
plūmōn (instrumental singular)
plūmōm (instrumental plural)
plūmum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: plūme, plȳme, plūmae — early
Middle English: plomme, ploume, plum, plumbe, plumme, plowme, ploumme, plome
English: plum (see there for further descendants)
Scots: ploom, ploum
→ Irish: pluma

Old Frisian: *plūme

Saterland Frisian: Pluume

Old Saxon: *plūma

Middle Low German: *plume

Low German: Pluum

Plautdietsch: Plum

→ Latvian: plūme

→ Old Norse: plóma

Icelandic: plóma

Faroese: blomma

Norwegian Bokmål: plomme

Norwegian Nynorsk: plomme

Old Swedish: plōma

Swedish: plommon (under influence from -on)
→? Elfdalian: plommon

→? Finnish: luumu

Danish: plomme, blomme

Gutnish: plome, plomå

Old High German: pflūma, pfrūma
Middle High German: pflūme, pfrūme
Alemannic German: Fluume
Cimbrian: frauma
German: Pflaume
Hunsrik: Flaum
Vilamovian: fłaojm
Yiddish: פֿלוים (floym)

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin *prūma, *prūna, from Latin prūnum.


wīn

wīn (nominative singular)
wīnu (nominative plural)
wīn (accusative singular)
wīnu (accusative plural)
wīnas (genitive singular)
wīnō (genitive plural)
wīnē (dative singular)
wīnum (dative plural)
wīnu (instrumental singular)
wīnum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wīn
Middle English: wyn, win, wine, wyne, wijn, vine, vyn, vyne, wyen, weyn, wynne
English: wine (see there for further descendants)
Scots: wyne

Old Frisian: wīn

Saterland Frisian: Wien

West Frisian: wyn

Old Saxon: wīn

Middle Low German: wîn

Low German: Wien

German Low German: Wien

Plautdietsch: Wien

→ Latvian: vīns

Old Dutch: wīn m
Middle Dutch: wijn
Dutch: wijn
Afrikaans: wyn
Berbice Creole Dutch: win
Negerhollands: wien, win
→ Saramaccan: wín
→? Sranan Tongo: win
→ Lokono: wing
→ Caribbean Javanese: win
Limburgish: wien

Old High German: wīn m

Middle High German: wīn

desc

Alemannic German: Wii, Wi, Wy, wi, wii, wéin (Italian Walser)

Italian Walser: wi, wii, wéin

Swabian: Wai, Wei, Woi, Wi

Bavarian: Wein

Cimbrian: bain, boi

Mòcheno: bai'

Udinese: bain

Central Franconian: Weng

Kölsch: Wing

Hunsrik: Weng

Lorraine Franconian: Weïn, Win

Transylvanian Saxon: Weng

German: Wein
→ Estonian: vein

Luxembourgish: Wäin

Rhine Franconian: Wei, Weng, Win

Hessian: Woi

Palatine German: Wai, Wäi, Wenn, Winn, Woin

Vilamovian: wajn

Yiddish: ווײַן (vayn)


drakō

drakō (nominative singular)
drakan (nominative plural)
drakan (accusative singular)
drakan (accusative plural)
drakini (genitive singular)
drakan (genitive singular)
drakanō (genitive plural)
drakini (dative singular)
drakan (dative singular)
drakum (dative plural)
drakini (instrumental singular)
drakan (instrumental singular)
drakum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: draca
Middle English: drake
English: drake

Old Frisian:

West Frisian: draak (possibly borrowed from Dutch)

Old Saxon:

Middle Low German:

→ Old Norse: dreki

Icelandic: dreki

Faroese: dreki

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: drake; (dialectal) drakkji, dragje, draga

Norwegian Bokmål: drake

Elfdalian: dratji

Old Swedish: draki

Swedish: drake

Old Danish: draghæ

Danish: drage

Norwegian Bokmål: drage

Old Dutch: *draka

desctree

Middle Dutch: drāke
Dutch: draak
Afrikaans: draak
Limburgish: draagk, draogk
West Flemish: droake

Old High German: trahho, tracho, trakko, tracko
Middle High German: trache
Alemannic German: Traach
Bavarian: Drack
German: Drache
Luxembourgish: Draach
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Drach
Vilamovian: draoch


sūbrī

sūbrī (masculine nominative singular)
sūbriju (feminine nominative singular)
sūbrī (neuter nominative singular)
sūbrijanā (accusative masculine singular)
sūbrijā (accusative feminine singular)
sūbrī (accusative neuter singular)
sūbrijas (genitive masculine singular)
sūbrijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
sūbrijas (genitive neuter singular)
sūbrijumē (dative masculine singular)
sūbrijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
sūbrijumē (dative neuter singular)
sūbriju (instrumental masculine singular)
sūbrijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
sūbriju (instrumental neuter singular)
sūbrijē (masculine nominative plural)
sūbrijō (feminine nominative plural)
sūbriju (neuter nominative plural)
sūbrijā (accusative masculine plural)
sūbrijā (accusative feminine plural)
sūbriju (accusative neuter plural)
sūbrijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
sūbrijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
sūbrijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
sūbrijēm (dative masculine plural)
sūbrijum (dative masculine plural)
sūbrijēm (dative feminine plural)
sūbrijum (dative feminine plural)
sūbrijēm (dative neuter plural)
sūbrijum (dative neuter plural)
sūbrijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
sūbrijum (instrumental masculine plural)
sūbrijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
sūbrijum (feminine instrumental plural)
sūbrijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
sūbrijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: sȳfre, sēfre, sīfre
Middle English: syfre

Old Saxon: sūvar, sūvri

Old Dutch: *sūvar

Middle Dutch: suver
Dutch: zuiver
Afrikaans: suiwer
→ Aukan: soifili
→ Sranan Tongo: soifri
→ Saramaccan: sóífí
Limburgish: zuver
Zealandic: zuver

Old High German: sūbar
German: sauber
Hunsrik: sauver

Borrowed from Latin sōbrius + *-ī (adjective suffix).


skrīban

skrīban (infinitive)
skrībannjas (genitive infinitive)
skrībannjē (dative infinitive)
skrībannju (infinitive instrumental)
skrību (first-person present singular)
skraib (first-person past singular)
skrībiʀi (present second-person singular)
skribī (past second-person singular)
skrībidi (present singular third-person)
skraib (past singular third-person)
skrībum (first-person plural present)
skribum (first-person past plural)
skrībid (plural present second-person)
skribud (past plural second-person)
skrīband (plural present third-person)
skribun (past plural third-person)
skrībē (first-person present singular)
skribī (first-person past singular)
skrībēs (present second-person singular)
skrībē (present singular third-person)
skribī (past singular third-person)
skrībēm (first-person plural present)
skribīm (first-person past plural)
skrībēþ (plural present second-person)
skribīd (past plural second-person)
skrībēn (plural present third-person)
skribīn (past plural third-person)
skrīb (present singular)
skrībid (plural present)
skrībandī (participle present)
skriban (participle past)

Old English: sċrīfan
Middle English: shryven, schriven, shriven, schrifen, schrevyn, schryfen, schryvyn, sriven, shrive, shrife
English: shrive
Scots: schrive, shrive (all archaic)

Old Frisian: skrīva
North Frisian:
Föhr-Amrum: skriiw
Mooring: schriwe
Sylt: skriiv
Wiedingharde: skriwwe
Saterland Frisian: skrieuwe
West Frisian: skriuwe

Old Saxon: skrīvan
Middle Low German: schrîven
Low German: schrieven

Old Dutch: skrīvan, scrīvan
Middle Dutch: schriven
Dutch: schrijven
Afrikaans: skryf
Jersey Dutch: sxrāive
Negerhollands: skriev, skrif
Skepi Creole Dutch: screef
→ Sranan Tongo: skrifi
Aukan: sikiifi
Saramaccan: sikífi
Limburgish: sjrieve

Old High German: skrīban, scrīban

Middle High German: schrīben

Alemannic German: schriibe

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: sraiban

desc

Central Franconian: schrieve, schrjve (Aachen), schreiwe (Moselle Franconian)

Hunsrik: schreive

German: schreiben

Luxembourgish: schreiwen

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: schreiwe

Vilamovian: śrajwa

Yiddish: שרײַבן (shraybn)

From Proto-Germanic *skrībaną, borrowed from Latin scrībō.


dihtijan

dihtijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
dihtijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
dihtijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
dihtijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
dihtiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
dihtidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
dihtisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
dihtidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
dihtidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
dihtiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
dihtidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
dihtidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
dihtijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
dihtidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
dihtiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
dihtidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
dihtijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
dihtidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
dihtijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
dihtidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
dihtijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
dihtidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
dihtijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
dihtidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
dihtijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
dihtidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
dihtijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
dihtidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
dihtijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
dihtidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
dihti (class-1 present singular weak)
dihtiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
dihtijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
dihtid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: dihtan
Middle English: dighten, diten, dihten, disten, dithen
English: dight
Scots: dicht
Yola: dieeght

Old Frisian: dichta

West Frisian: dichte

Old Dutch: *dihten (and / or from *dihtōn)

Middle Dutch: dichten
Dutch: dichten
Afrikaans: dig
Limburgish: dichte

Old High German: tihten

Middle High German: tihten, *dihten

German: dichten

From *diht (“order, instruction”) + *-jan.


saltōn

saltōn (infinitive)
saltōnijas (genitive infinitive)
saltōnijē (dative infinitive)
saltōniju (infinitive instrumental)
saltō (first-person present singular)
saltōdā (first-person past singular)
saltōs (present second-person singular)
saltōdēs (past second-person singular)
saltōdōs (past second-person singular)
saltōþ (present singular third-person)
saltōdē (past singular third-person)
saltōdā (past singular third-person)
saltōm (first-person plural present)
saltōdum (first-person past plural)
saltōþ (plural present second-person)
saltōdud (past plural second-person)
saltōnþ (plural present third-person)
saltōdun (past plural third-person)
saltōdī (first-person past singular)
saltōdī (past second-person singular)
saltō (present singular third-person)
saltōdī (past singular third-person)
saltōdīm (first-person past plural)
saltōdīd (past plural second-person)
saltōn (plural present third-person)
saltōdīn (past plural third-person)
saltō (present singular)
saltōþ (plural present)
saltōndī (participle present)
saltōd (participle past)

Old English: sealtian

Old High German: salzōn

Borrowed from Latin saltō (“to dance, jump”).


impōn

impōn (infinitive)
impōnijas (genitive infinitive)
impōnijē (dative infinitive)
impōniju (infinitive instrumental)
impō (first-person present singular)
impōdā (first-person past singular)
impōs (present second-person singular)
impōdēs (past second-person singular)
impōdōs (past second-person singular)
impōþ (present singular third-person)
impōdē (past singular third-person)
impōdā (past singular third-person)
impōm (first-person plural present)
impōdum (first-person past plural)
impōþ (plural present second-person)
impōdud (past plural second-person)
impōnþ (plural present third-person)
impōdun (past plural third-person)
impōdī (first-person past singular)
impōdī (past second-person singular)
impō (present singular third-person)
impōdī (past singular third-person)
impōdīm (first-person past plural)
impōdīd (past plural second-person)
impōn (plural present third-person)
impōdīn (past plural third-person)
impō (present singular)
impōþ (plural present)
impōndī (participle present)
impōd (participle past)

Old English: impian
Middle English: ympen, impe, impen, impyn, ympe
English: imp
Scots: imp

Old High German: impfōn

Middle High German: impfen

German: impfen

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin *imputō (“to graft”) (unrelated to imputō (“I reckon, attribute”)), from Ancient Greek ἔμφυτος (émphutos, “planted”).


munitārī

munitārī (nominative singular)
munitārijō (nominative plural)
munitārijōs (nominative plural)
munitārī (accusative singular)
munitārijā (accusative plural)
munitārijas (genitive singular)
munitārijō (genitive plural)
munitārijē (dative singular)
munitārijum (dative plural)
munitāriju (instrumental singular)
munitārijum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: mynetere
Middle English: mynter
English: minter

Old Saxon: muniteri

Old High German: munizāri

Middle High German: münzære, münzer

German: Münzer (archaic)

Borrowed from Latin monētārius. Equivalent to *munit + *-ārī.


bōkārī

bōkārī (nominative singular)
bōkārijō (nominative plural)
bōkārijōs (nominative plural)
bōkārī (accusative singular)
bōkārijā (accusative plural)
bōkārijas (genitive singular)
bōkārijō (genitive plural)
bōkārijē (dative singular)
bōkārijum (dative plural)
bōkāriju (instrumental singular)
bōkārijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bōcere

Old High German: buohhāri


bōk

bōk (nominative singular)
bōki (nominative plural)
bōku (accusative singular)
bōki (accusative plural)
bōki (genitive singular)
bōkō (genitive plural)
bōki (dative singular)
bōkum (dative plural)
bōki (instrumental singular)
bōkum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bōc
Middle English: bok, boc, boke, book, booke, buk, buke
English: book (see there for further descendants)
Geordie English: buik, beuk
Scots: buik, beuk, buke, beuck
Yola: buke

Old Frisian: bōk

North Frisian:

Föhr: buk

Helgoland: Buk

Mooring: bök

Sylt: Bok

Saterland Frisian: Bouk

West Frisian: boek

Old Saxon: bōk, buok
Middle Low German: bôk, buk
Low German:
Dutch Low Saxon: book
German Low German: Book
Plautdietsch: Buak

Old Dutch: buoc, buok
Middle Dutch: boec
Dutch: boek (see there for further descendants)
Limburgish: book
⇒ Middle French: boucquain (from a diminutive)
French: bouquin

Old High German: buoh, puoh
Middle High German: buoch
Alemannic German: Buech, Büäch
Alsatian: Bööch, Büech
Swabian: Buach
Bavarian: Buach
Münsterländisch: Büak
Central Franconian: Booch, Buch
Hunsrik: Buch
Kölsch: Booch
Luxembourgish: Buch
East Franconian: Bouch
German: Buch
Rhine Franconian: Buch, Busch
Pennsylvania German: Buch
Vilamovian: büch
Yiddish: בוך (bukh)


hamf

hamf (masculine nominative singular)
hamfu (feminine nominative singular)
hamf (neuter nominative singular)
hamfanā (accusative masculine singular)
hamfā (accusative feminine singular)
hamf (accusative neuter singular)
hamfas (genitive masculine singular)
hamfeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
hamfas (genitive neuter singular)
hamfumē (dative masculine singular)
hamfeʀē (dative feminine singular)
hamfumē (dative neuter singular)
hamfu (instrumental masculine singular)
hamfeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
hamfu (instrumental neuter singular)
hamfē (masculine nominative plural)
hamfō (feminine nominative plural)
hamfu (neuter nominative plural)
hamfā (accusative masculine plural)
hamfā (accusative feminine plural)
hamfu (accusative neuter plural)
hamfeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
hamfeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
hamfeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
hamfēm (dative masculine plural)
hamfum (dative masculine plural)
hamfēm (dative feminine plural)
hamfum (dative feminine plural)
hamfēm (dative neuter plural)
hamfum (dative neuter plural)
hamfēm (instrumental masculine plural)
hamfum (instrumental masculine plural)
hamfēm (feminine instrumental plural)
hamfum (feminine instrumental plural)
hamfēm (instrumental neuter plural)
hamfum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Saxon: hāf

Old High German: hamf


samft(ī)

samft (canonical)
ī (romanization)
samft (masculine nominative singular)
samftu (feminine nominative singular)
samft (neuter nominative singular)
samftanā (accusative masculine singular)
samftā (accusative feminine singular)
samft (accusative neuter singular)
samftas (genitive masculine singular)
samfteʀā (feminine genitive singular)
samftas (genitive neuter singular)
samftumē (dative masculine singular)
samfteʀē (dative feminine singular)
samftumē (dative neuter singular)
samftu (instrumental masculine singular)
samfteʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
samftu (instrumental neuter singular)
samftē (masculine nominative plural)
samftō (feminine nominative plural)
samftu (neuter nominative plural)
samftā (accusative masculine plural)
samftā (accusative feminine plural)
samftu (accusative neuter plural)
samfteʀō (genitive masculine plural)
samfteʀō (feminine genitive plural)
samfteʀō (genitive neuter plural)
samftēm (dative masculine plural)
samftum (dative masculine plural)
samftēm (dative feminine plural)
samftum (dative feminine plural)
samftēm (dative neuter plural)
samftum (dative neuter plural)
samftēm (instrumental masculine plural)
samftum (instrumental masculine plural)
samftēm (feminine instrumental plural)
samftum (feminine instrumental plural)
samftēm (instrumental neuter plural)
samftum (instrumental neuter plural)
samftī (masculine nominative singular)
samftiju (feminine nominative singular)
samftī (neuter nominative singular)
samftijanā (accusative masculine singular)
samftijā (accusative feminine singular)
samftī (accusative neuter singular)
samftijas (genitive masculine singular)
samftijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
samftijas (genitive neuter singular)
samftijumē (dative masculine singular)
samftijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
samftijumē (dative neuter singular)
samftiju (instrumental masculine singular)
samftijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
samftiju (instrumental neuter singular)
samftijē (masculine nominative plural)
samftijō (feminine nominative plural)
samftiju (neuter nominative plural)
samftijā (accusative masculine plural)
samftijā (accusative feminine plural)
samftiju (accusative neuter plural)
samftijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
samftijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
samftijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
samftijēm (dative masculine plural)
samftijum (dative masculine plural)
samftijēm (dative feminine plural)
samftijum (dative feminine plural)
samftijēm (dative neuter plural)
samftijum (dative neuter plural)
samftijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
samftijum (instrumental masculine plural)
samftijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
samftijum (feminine instrumental plural)
samftijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
samftijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: sēfte, sœ̄fte, sōfte, sōft, sēft
Middle English: softe, soufte, zofte (Kent)
English: soft
Scots: saft
Yola: zaft

Old Frisian: sēfte, sēft
West Frisian: sêft (adjective)
>? Saterland Frisian: säft, sääft (adverb)

Old Saxon: sāfti

Middle Low German: safte, sachte

Low German: sacht

Dutch Low Saxon:

Twents: sacht

German Low German: sacht

Altmärkisch, Low Prussian, Westphalian (Westmünsterländisch): sacht

Low Prussian, Westphalian (Bentheimisch, Dortmundisch, Sauerländisch, Westmünsterländisch): sachte

→ German: sacht

→ Danish: sagte

→ Swedish: sakta

Old Dutch: sāfti
Middle Dutch: sachte
Dutch: zacht, zanft (dialectal)
Afrikaans: sag
Negerhollands: socht, sok, sogt

Old High German: semfti, samfti, senfti
Middle High German: semfte, senfte, sanfte
Alemannic German: sanft
German: sanft

Likely from Proto-Germanic *samþuz, *samftuz (“gentleness”) + *-ī (adjective suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *sóm-tu-s, from *sem- (“one, same”). Cognate with Sanskrit सन्त्य (santya, “belonging together”), सान्त्व (sāntva, “consolation; gentle, mild”), Proto-Celtic *sāmos (“calm, easy, pleasant”), and possibly Ancient Greek ἥμερος (hḗmeros, “tame, civilized, cultivated”).


nanþijan

nanþijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
nanþijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
nanþijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
nanþijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
nanþiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
nanþidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
nanþisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
nanþidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
nanþidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
nanþiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
nanþidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
nanþidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
nanþijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
nanþidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
nanþiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
nanþidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
nanþijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
nanþidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
nanþijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
nanþidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
nanþijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
nanþidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
nanþijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
nanþidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
nanþijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
nanþidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
nanþijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
nanþidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
nanþijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
nanþidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
nanþi (class-1 present singular weak)
nanþiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
nanþijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
nanþid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: nēþan

Old Frisian: nētha

Old Saxon: nāthian

Middle Low German: nêden

Old Dutch: nenden
Middle Dutch: nenden

Old High German: nenden

Middle High German: nenden


swinþ

swinþ (masculine nominative singular)
swinþu (feminine nominative singular)
swinþ (neuter nominative singular)
swinþanā (accusative masculine singular)
swinþā (accusative feminine singular)
swinþ (accusative neuter singular)
swinþas (genitive masculine singular)
swinþeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
swinþas (genitive neuter singular)
swinþumē (dative masculine singular)
swinþeʀē (dative feminine singular)
swinþumē (dative neuter singular)
swinþu (instrumental masculine singular)
swinþeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
swinþu (instrumental neuter singular)
swinþē (masculine nominative plural)
swinþō (feminine nominative plural)
swinþu (neuter nominative plural)
swinþā (accusative masculine plural)
swinþā (accusative feminine plural)
swinþu (accusative neuter plural)
swinþeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
swinþeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
swinþeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
swinþēm (dative masculine plural)
swinþum (dative masculine plural)
swinþēm (dative feminine plural)
swinþum (dative feminine plural)
swinþēm (dative neuter plural)
swinþum (dative neuter plural)
swinþēm (instrumental masculine plural)
swinþum (instrumental masculine plural)
swinþēm (feminine instrumental plural)
swinþum (feminine instrumental plural)
swinþēm (instrumental neuter plural)
swinþum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: swīþ
Middle English: swith
English: swith
Scots: swith

Old Frisian: *swīth

Saterland Frisian: swied

West Frisian: swiid

Old Saxon: swīth, *swinth

Middle Low German: swît, swîde, swinde

Low German: swied, swinn

Plautdietsch: schwind

desc

→ Polish: szwytki, świtki (“agile, quick, dashing”) (dialectal)

→ Old Ruthenian: швыдкїй (švydkij) (dialectal) (see there for further descendants)

Old Dutch: *swīth, *swinth (in placenames)

Middle Dutch: swîde, swinde

Dutch: zwind, zwinde, swiet, zwiej (dialectal)

Old High German: *swind (in personal names)

Middle High German: swinde, swint

⇒ Middle High German: geswinde

Bavarian: gschwind

German: geschwind

→ Dutch: gezwind

Luxembourgish: geschwënn


kunþijan

kunþijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
kunþijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
kunþijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
kunþijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
kunþiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
kunþidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
kunþisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
kunþidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kunþidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kunþiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
kunþidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kunþidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kunþijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
kunþidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
kunþiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
kunþidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
kunþijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
kunþidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
kunþijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
kunþidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
kunþijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
kunþidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kunþijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
kunþidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kunþijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
kunþidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
kunþijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
kunþidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
kunþijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
kunþidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
kunþi (class-1 present singular weak)
kunþiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
kunþijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
kunþid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: cȳþan

Middle English: küthen, kiþen

English: kithe

Scots: kithe

Old Frisian: kētha

Old Saxon: kūthian

Middle Low German: künden

→ Saterland Frisian: kundje

desctree

Old Dutch: cunden
Middle Dutch: conden
Dutch: konden

Old High German: kunden

Middle High German: künden, kunden

German: künden

From Proto-Germanic *kunþijaną. Equivalent to *kunþ + *-jan.


gunþi

gunþi (nominative singular)
gunþī (nominative plural)
gunþi (accusative singular)
gunþī (accusative plural)
gunþī (genitive singular)
gunþijō (genitive plural)
gunþī (dative singular)
gunþim (dative plural)
gunþijum (dative plural)
gunþī (instrumental singular)
gunþim (instrumental plural)
gunþijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: gūþ

Middle English: gūth

Old Dutch: *gunth (in compounds)

Old Saxon: gūthia

Old High German: *gundia, *gunda (in compounds)


hunþu

hunþu (nominative singular)
hunþō (nominative plural)
hunþā (accusative singular)
hunþā (accusative plural)
hunþā (genitive singular)
hunþō (genitive plural)
hunþē (dative singular)
hunþōm (dative plural)
hunþum (dative plural)
hunþu (instrumental singular)
hunþōm (instrumental plural)
hunþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hūþ

*harihunþu

Old English: herehūþ

Old High German: herihunda


minþl

minþl (nominative singular)
minþlu (nominative plural)
minþl (accusative singular)
minþlu (accusative plural)
minþlas (genitive singular)
minþlō (genitive plural)
minþlē (dative singular)
minþlum (dative plural)
minþlu (instrumental singular)
minþlum (instrumental plural)

Old English: mīþl

Old High German: mindil


stinþ

stinþ (masculine nominative singular)
stinþu (feminine nominative singular)
stinþ (neuter nominative singular)
stinþanā (accusative masculine singular)
stinþā (accusative feminine singular)
stinþ (accusative neuter singular)
stinþas (genitive masculine singular)
stinþeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
stinþas (genitive neuter singular)
stinþumē (dative masculine singular)
stinþeʀē (dative feminine singular)
stinþumē (dative neuter singular)
stinþu (instrumental masculine singular)
stinþeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
stinþu (instrumental neuter singular)
stinþē (masculine nominative plural)
stinþō (feminine nominative plural)
stinþu (neuter nominative plural)
stinþā (accusative masculine plural)
stinþā (accusative feminine plural)
stinþu (accusative neuter plural)
stinþeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
stinþeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
stinþeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
stinþēm (dative masculine plural)
stinþum (dative masculine plural)
stinþēm (dative feminine plural)
stinþum (dative feminine plural)
stinþēm (dative neuter plural)
stinþum (dative neuter plural)
stinþēm (instrumental masculine plural)
stinþum (instrumental masculine plural)
stinþēm (feminine instrumental plural)
stinþum (feminine instrumental plural)
stinþēm (instrumental neuter plural)
stinþum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: stīþ

Middle English: stith, stið, stithe, stiþ, styth, stythe, styþ
English: stith (dialectal)
Scots: styth

Old Frisian: stīth


unþi

unþi (nominative singular)
unþijō (nominative plural)
unþijā (accusative singular)
unþijā (accusative plural)
unþijā (genitive singular)
unþijō (genitive plural)
unþijē (dative singular)
unþijōm (dative plural)
unþijum (dative plural)
unþiju (instrumental singular)
unþijōm (instrumental plural)
unþijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ȳþ
Middle English: ythe, ithe, uðe, uþe, uþæ, yþe

Old Saxon: ūthia

>? Middle Low German: unde n (possibly a borrowing)

Old Dutch: *unthia, *untha

Middle Dutch: unde, onde

Dutch: onde (dialectal)

Old High German: undia

Middle High German: unde, ünde

German: Unde (obsolete, dialectal)

Yiddish: אינד (ind)


fanþijō

fanþijō (nominative singular)
fanþijan (nominative plural)
fanþijan (accusative singular)
fanþijan (accusative plural)
fanþijini (genitive singular)
fanþijan (genitive singular)
fanþijanō (genitive plural)
fanþijini (dative singular)
fanþijan (dative singular)
fanþijum (dative plural)
fanþijini (instrumental singular)
fanþijan (instrumental singular)
fanþijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: fēþa

Old Saxon: fendio

Middle Low German: vent

German Low German: Fent

Old Dutch: *fendo

Middle Dutch: vende

>? Dutch: vent

→ West Frisian: feint, fint

Old High German: fendo, fendeo
Middle High German: vende
Swabian: Fende
Alemannic German: Fend

From *fanþan (“to walk”) + *-jō. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pent- (“to pass, go”).


fanþī

fanþī (nominative singular)
fanþiju (nominative plural)
fanþī (accusative singular)
fanþiju (accusative plural)
fanþijas (genitive singular)
fanþijō (genitive plural)
fanþijē (dative singular)
fanþijum (dative plural)
fanþiju (instrumental singular)
fanþijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: fēþe

Old Saxon: fāthi, fōthi


linþ(ī)

linþ (canonical)
ī (romanization)
linþ (masculine nominative singular)
linþu (feminine nominative singular)
linþ (neuter nominative singular)
linþanā (accusative masculine singular)
linþā (accusative feminine singular)
linþ (accusative neuter singular)
linþas (genitive masculine singular)
linþeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
linþas (genitive neuter singular)
linþumē (dative masculine singular)
linþeʀē (dative feminine singular)
linþumē (dative neuter singular)
linþu (instrumental masculine singular)
linþeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
linþu (instrumental neuter singular)
linþē (masculine nominative plural)
linþō (feminine nominative plural)
linþu (neuter nominative plural)
linþā (accusative masculine plural)
linþā (accusative feminine plural)
linþu (accusative neuter plural)
linþeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
linþeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
linþeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
linþēm (dative masculine plural)
linþum (dative masculine plural)
linþēm (dative feminine plural)
linþum (dative feminine plural)
linþēm (dative neuter plural)
linþum (dative neuter plural)
linþēm (instrumental masculine plural)
linþum (instrumental masculine plural)
linþēm (feminine instrumental plural)
linþum (feminine instrumental plural)
linþēm (instrumental neuter plural)
linþum (instrumental neuter plural)
linþī (masculine nominative singular)
linþiju (feminine nominative singular)
linþī (neuter nominative singular)
linþijanā (accusative masculine singular)
linþijā (accusative feminine singular)
linþī (accusative neuter singular)
linþijas (genitive masculine singular)
linþijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
linþijas (genitive neuter singular)
linþijumē (dative masculine singular)
linþijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
linþijumē (dative neuter singular)
linþiju (instrumental masculine singular)
linþijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
linþiju (instrumental neuter singular)
linþijē (masculine nominative plural)
linþijō (feminine nominative plural)
linþiju (neuter nominative plural)
linþijā (accusative masculine plural)
linþijā (accusative feminine plural)
linþiju (accusative neuter plural)
linþijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
linþijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
linþijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
linþijēm (dative masculine plural)
linþijum (dative masculine plural)
linþijēm (dative feminine plural)
linþijum (dative feminine plural)
linþijēm (dative neuter plural)
linþijum (dative neuter plural)
linþijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
linþijum (instrumental masculine plural)
linþijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
linþijum (feminine instrumental plural)
linþijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
linþijum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: līþe, līþ
Middle English: lithe, lythe
English: lithe
Scots: lythe, lyth

Old Frisian: *līthe

Saterland Frisian: lied

desc

Old Saxon: līthi, (influenced by Frankish) *lindi

Middle Low German: linde

German Low German: linde

Plautdietsch: lind

→ Old Danish: lind

Old Dutch: *lindi

Middle Dutch: linde

Dutch: lind (obsolete)

Old High German: lindi, lind

Middle High German: linde, lint

q

archaic/poetic, but still <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">gelinde</i>

German: lind (archaic/poetic, but still gelinde)

From Proto-Germanic *linþaz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


jugunþi

jugunþi (nominative singular)
jugunþī (nominative plural)
jugunþi (accusative singular)
jugunþī (accusative plural)
jugunþī (genitive singular)
jugunþijō (genitive plural)
jugunþī (dative singular)
jugunþim (dative plural)
jugunþijum (dative plural)
jugunþī (instrumental singular)
jugunþim (instrumental plural)
jugunþijum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: ġeoguþ
Middle English: youthe
English: youth (obsolete yought)
Middle Scots: ȝouthe, ȝouth, ȝowth, ȝewth, youth
Scots: youth

Old Frisian: jogethe

Saterland Frisian: Juugd

West Frisian: jeugd

Old Saxon: juguth, jugud

Middle Low German: jōged

German Low German: Jöögd

Old Dutch: *juguth, iuginde

Middle Dutch: jōghet, jōgede

Dutch: jeugd

Old High German: jugund

Middle High German: jugent

German: Jugend

Luxembourgish: Jugend

Yiddish: יוגנט (yugnt)


ansti

ansti (nominative singular)
anstī (nominative plural)
ansti (accusative singular)
anstī (accusative plural)
anstī (genitive singular)
anstijō (genitive plural)
anstī (dative singular)
anstim (dative plural)
anstijum (dative plural)
anstī (instrumental singular)
anstim (instrumental plural)
anstijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ǣst, ēst

Middle English: este

English: est

Old Frisian: ēst, enst

Old Saxon: anst

Old Dutch: anst

Old High German: anst

Middle High German: anst


hansu

hansu (nominative singular)
hansō (nominative plural)
hansā (accusative singular)
hansā (accusative plural)
hansā (genitive singular)
hansō (genitive plural)
hansē (dative singular)
hansōm (dative plural)
hansum (dative plural)
hansu (instrumental singular)
hansōm (instrumental plural)
hansum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hōs

Old Saxon: hansa, *hensa

Middle Low German: hanse, hense (> hensich)

(→ Old Frisian: hensoch)

→ Latin: hansa
→ Old English: *hanse, *hans
⇒ Old English: *hanshūs
→ Medieval Latin: hanshus (Anglo-Latin)
→ English: Hanse
→ French: Hanse

→ English: Hansa

Old Dutch: *hansa, *hensa

Middle Dutch: hanse, hense

Dutch: hanze

Old High German: hansa

Middle High German: hanse, hans

German: Hanse

→ English: Hanse

→ Old French: hanse

Middle French: hanse, hanze

French: hanse

→ Middle English: hanse

English: hanse


ansu

ansu (nominative singular)
ansiwi (nominative plural)
ansō (nominative plural)
ansu (accusative singular)
ansū (accusative plural)
ansō (genitive singular)
ansiwō (genitive plural)
ansiwi (dative singular)
ansō (dative singular)
ansum (dative plural)
ansu (instrumental singular)
ansum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ōs

Old High German: ans

Old Saxon: ās, ōs


unsti

unsti (nominative singular)
unstī (nominative plural)
unsti (accusative singular)
unstī (accusative plural)
unstī (genitive singular)
unstijō (genitive plural)
unstī (dative singular)
unstim (dative plural)
unstijum (dative plural)
unstī (instrumental singular)
unstim (instrumental plural)
unstijum (instrumental plural)

⇒ Old Frisian: gunst

North Frisian: gunst, ginst

Old Saxon: unst

→ Swedish: ynnest

→ Danish: yndest

⇒ Old Dutch: *gunst

Middle Dutch: gonst, gunst

Dutch: gunst

Afrikaans: guns

Old High German: unst

Middle High German: unst

⇒ Middle High German: gunst

German: Gunst

Luxembourgish: Gonscht

From Proto-Germanic *undiz, remodelled by analogy with other nouns in *-sti.


unsti

Old English: ȳst

Old Saxon: ūst

Old High German: unst (in glosses)

Probably a nominal formation in *-sti from the zero-grade of Proto-Germanic *ananą (“to breathe”).


amslā

amslā (nominative singular)
amslōn (nominative plural)
amslōn (accusative singular)
amslōn (accusative plural)
amslōn (genitive singular)
amslōnō (genitive plural)
amslōn (dative singular)
amslōm (dative plural)
amslum (dative plural)
amslōn (instrumental singular)
amslōm (instrumental plural)
amslum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ōsle, ōslae — early
Middle English: osel, osele, osul, osulle, osyll
English: oozel, ousel, ouzel (dialectal)
Scots: osil

Old Saxon: amsla
Middle Low German: amsel, amelse
German Low German: Amsel
Plautdietsch: Aumsel
→ English: amzel

Old High German: amsala, amsla, amasla, amusla, amisla
Middle High German: amsel
German: Amsel

Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ems- (“blackbird”), cognate with Latin merula (“blackbird, wrasse”), Proto-Celtic *mesalkā (“blackbird”); particularly, it could reflect an s-stem with a diminutive suffix *-lā. The irregular correspondences and limited distribution of the word, however, may be more easily explained as separate borrowings from a substrate source.

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache


wą̄h

wą̄h (masculine nominative singular)
wą̄hu (feminine nominative singular)
wą̄h (neuter nominative singular)
wą̄hanā (accusative masculine singular)
wą̄hā (accusative feminine singular)
wą̄h (accusative neuter singular)
wą̄has (genitive masculine singular)
wą̄heʀā (feminine genitive singular)
wą̄has (genitive neuter singular)
wą̄humē (dative masculine singular)
wą̄heʀē (dative feminine singular)
wą̄humē (dative neuter singular)
wą̄hu (instrumental masculine singular)
wą̄heʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
wą̄hu (instrumental neuter singular)
wą̄hē (masculine nominative plural)
wą̄hō (feminine nominative plural)
wą̄hu (neuter nominative plural)
wą̄hā (accusative masculine plural)
wą̄hā (accusative feminine plural)
wą̄hu (accusative neuter plural)
wą̄heʀō (genitive masculine plural)
wą̄heʀō (feminine genitive plural)
wą̄heʀō (genitive neuter plural)
wą̄hēm (dative masculine plural)
wą̄hum (dative masculine plural)
wą̄hēm (dative feminine plural)
wą̄hum (dative feminine plural)
wą̄hēm (dative neuter plural)
wą̄hum (dative neuter plural)
wą̄hēm (instrumental masculine plural)
wą̄hum (instrumental masculine plural)
wą̄hēm (feminine instrumental plural)
wą̄hum (feminine instrumental plural)
wą̄hēm (instrumental neuter plural)
wą̄hum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: wōh, wōg
Middle English: wough, wouȝh
English: wough


slāp

slāp (nominative singular)
slāpō (nominative plural)
slāpōs (nominative plural)
slāp (accusative singular)
slāpā (accusative plural)
slāpas (genitive singular)
slāpō (genitive plural)
slāpē (dative singular)
slāpum (dative plural)
slāpu (instrumental singular)
slāpum (instrumental plural)

Old English: slǣp

Middle English: slepe

English: sleep

Scots: slepe, sleip

Old Frisian: slēp

Saterland Frisian: Släip

West Frisian: sliep

Old Saxon: slāp

Middle Low German: slâp

q

Low German: Slaap, Slap, Schlop (dative: Schlope; Westphalian: Sauerländisch, Paderbornisch)

German Low German: Slaap

Old Dutch: *slāp

Middle Dutch: slâep

Dutch: slaap

Afrikaans: slaap

Old High German: slāf

Middle High German: slāf

German: Schlaf

Hunsrik: Schlof

Luxembourgish: Schlof

Pennsylvania German: Schlof

Vilamovian: śłöf

Yiddish: שלאָף (shlof)


stīf

stīf (masculine nominative singular)
stīfu (feminine nominative singular)
stīf (neuter nominative singular)
stīfanā (accusative masculine singular)
stīfā (accusative feminine singular)
stīf (accusative neuter singular)
stīfas (genitive masculine singular)
stīfeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
stīfas (genitive neuter singular)
stīfumē (dative masculine singular)
stīfeʀē (dative feminine singular)
stīfumē (dative neuter singular)
stīfu (instrumental masculine singular)
stīfeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
stīfu (instrumental neuter singular)
stīfē (masculine nominative plural)
stīfō (feminine nominative plural)
stīfu (neuter nominative plural)
stīfā (accusative masculine plural)
stīfā (accusative feminine plural)
stīfu (accusative neuter plural)
stīfeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
stīfeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
stīfeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
stīfēm (dative masculine plural)
stīfum (dative masculine plural)
stīfēm (dative feminine plural)
stīfum (dative feminine plural)
stīfēm (dative neuter plural)
stīfum (dative neuter plural)
stīfēm (instrumental masculine plural)
stīfum (instrumental masculine plural)
stīfēm (feminine instrumental plural)
stīfum (feminine instrumental plural)
stīfēm (instrumental neuter plural)
stīfum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: stīf

Middle English: stīf

English: stiff

Scots: stif, stiff, steif

Old Frisian: stīf, stēf

Saterland Frisian: stieuw

West Frisian: stiif

Old Saxon: *stīf

Middle Low German: stīf

Low German: stief

Plautdietsch: stiew

→ Danish: stiv

→ Swedish: styv

→ Norwegian: stiv

→ Norn: stiv

→ Icelandic: stífur

→ Elfdalian: styv

→ Gutnish: steivar, steivur

Old Dutch: *stīf

Middle Dutch: stijf

Dutch: stijf

Afrikaans: styf

Limburgish: sjtief

Old High German: *stīf

Middle High German: stīf

German: steif

Hunsrik: steif

Luxembourgish: steif


gawihtī

gawihtī (nominative singular)
gawihtiju (nominative plural)
gawihtī (accusative singular)
gawihtiju (accusative plural)
gawihtijas (genitive singular)
gawihtijō (genitive plural)
gawihtijē (dative singular)
gawihtijum (dative plural)
gawihtiju (instrumental singular)
gawihtijum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: gewiht, gewihte
Middle English: ȝewihte, ȝewiht, iwichte, ȝewyht

Old Saxon: giwihti

Middle Low German: gewichte, wichte

Old Dutch: *giwihti

Middle Dutch: gewichte

Dutch: gewicht

Old High German: giwihti

Middle High German: gewichte

German: Gewicht

Hunsrik: Gewicht

Luxembourgish: Gewiicht

Vilamovian: gywycht

From *ga- + *wihti (“weight”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).


laubijan

laubijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
laubijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
laubijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
laubijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
laubiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
laubidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
laubisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
laubidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
laubidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
laubiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
laubidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
laubidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
laubijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
laubidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
laubiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
laubidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
laubijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
laubidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
laubijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
laubidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
laubijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
laubidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
laubijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
laubidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
laubijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
laubidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
laubijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
laubidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
laubijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
laubidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
laubi (class-1 present singular weak)
laubiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
laubijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
laubid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: līefan, lȳfan

Middle English: leven

Scots: leve, lefe

English: leave

Old Frisian: lēva

North Frisian: leauwjen

Saterland Frisian: leeuwe; loowje, lööwje

West Frisian: leauwe (?)

Old Saxon: lōvian

Middle Low German: lôven, lö̂ven

German Low German: löven

Old Dutch: *lōven

Middle Dutch: lôven

Dutch: loven (to believe, dialectal)

Old High German: *louben

Middle High German: louben

German: lauben


keuwan

keuwan (infinitive)
keuwannjas (genitive infinitive)
keuwannjē (dative infinitive)
keuwannju (infinitive instrumental)
keuwu (first-person present singular)
kauw (first-person past singular)
kiuwiʀi (present second-person singular)
kuwī (past second-person singular)
kiuwidi (present singular third-person)
kauw (past singular third-person)
keuwum (first-person plural present)
kuwum (first-person past plural)
kiuwid (plural present second-person)
kuwud (past plural second-person)
keuwand (plural present third-person)
kuwun (past plural third-person)
keuwē (first-person present singular)
kuwī (first-person past singular)
keuwēs (present second-person singular)
keuwē (present singular third-person)
kuwī (past singular third-person)
keuwēm (first-person plural present)
kuwīm (first-person past plural)
keuwēþ (plural present second-person)
kuwīd (past plural second-person)
keuwēn (plural present third-person)
kuwīn (past plural third-person)
kiuw (present singular)
kiuwid (plural present)
keuwandī (participle present)
kowan (participle past)

desctree

Old English: ċēowan
Middle English: chewen, chewe, chyewe, cheowen, chiewe, chiewen, chiwen, chowen, chuen, chawen, chewwenn (Ormulum)
English: chew
→ Pennsylvania German: tschaae
Scots: chow, chaw

Old Frisian: *kiāwa, *kiāwja

West Frisian: kôgje, kôchje, koaie

Saterland Frisian: kauje

Old Saxon: kiuwan, kiwan

Middle Low German: keuwen, kuwen

Low German: käwwen

Old Dutch: *kiuwan, *kūwan
Middle Dutch: kewen, ceuwen, cuwen

Old High German: kiuwan

desc

Middle High German: kiuwen, kūwen, kewen

Alemannic German: chüüwe

Bavarian: kuin

Cimbrian: khòjan

German: kauen

Hunsrik: kaue

Pennsylvania German: kaue

kauen

Middle Low German: kowen, kouwen, kauwen, kauen

kouwen

Old High German: *kouwōn; Middle High German


warōn

warōn (infinitive)
warōnijas (genitive infinitive)
warōnijē (dative infinitive)
warōniju (infinitive instrumental)
warō (first-person present singular)
warōdā (first-person past singular)
warōs (present second-person singular)
warōdēs (past second-person singular)
warōdōs (past second-person singular)
warōþ (present singular third-person)
warōdē (past singular third-person)
warōdā (past singular third-person)
warōm (first-person plural present)
warōdum (first-person past plural)
warōþ (plural present second-person)
warōdud (past plural second-person)
warōnþ (plural present third-person)
warōdun (past plural third-person)
warōdī (first-person past singular)
warōdī (past second-person singular)
warō (present singular third-person)
warōdī (past singular third-person)
warōdīm (first-person past plural)
warōdīd (past plural second-person)
warōn (plural present third-person)
warōdīn (past plural third-person)
warō (present singular)
warōþ (plural present)
warōndī (participle present)
warōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: warian, werian
Middle English: waren, warien
English: ware
Scots: war, ware
Yola: waur

Old Frisian: waria, weria

Saterland Frisian: woarje

West Frisian: warje

Old Saxon: warōn
Middle Low German: wāren
German Low German: wahren

Old Dutch: *waron

Middle Dutch: wāren

Old High German: warōn
Middle High German: waren, warn
German: wahren
→ Slovene: varati (dialectal)
→ Serbo-Croatian: varati

→ Vulgar Latin: *warāre

Old French: warer, garer

Middle French: guerrer, garrer

French: garer; garage

→ Dutch: garage

→ English: garage

→ Portuguese: garagem

Occitan: guarer, garar


stōr

stōr (masculine nominative singular)
stōru (feminine nominative singular)
stōr (neuter nominative singular)
stōranā (accusative masculine singular)
stōrā (accusative feminine singular)
stōr (accusative neuter singular)
stōras (genitive masculine singular)
stōreʀā (feminine genitive singular)
stōras (genitive neuter singular)
stōrumē (dative masculine singular)
stōreʀē (dative feminine singular)
stōrumē (dative neuter singular)
stōru (instrumental masculine singular)
stōreʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
stōru (instrumental neuter singular)
stōrē (masculine nominative plural)
stōrō (feminine nominative plural)
stōru (neuter nominative plural)
stōrā (accusative masculine plural)
stōrā (accusative feminine plural)
stōru (accusative neuter plural)
stōreʀō (genitive masculine plural)
stōreʀō (feminine genitive plural)
stōreʀō (genitive neuter plural)
stōrēm (dative masculine plural)
stōrum (dative masculine plural)
stōrēm (dative feminine plural)
stōrum (dative feminine plural)
stōrēm (dative neuter plural)
stōrum (dative neuter plural)
stōrēm (instrumental masculine plural)
stōrum (instrumental masculine plural)
stōrēm (feminine instrumental plural)
stōrum (feminine instrumental plural)
stōrēm (instrumental neuter plural)
stōrum (instrumental neuter plural)
*stōrī (alternative)

Old English: stōr

Middle English: store, stoor, stour; (stur?)

desc

Scots: stour, stoure, sture, stoor, stoar

English: stoor, stour

Old Frisian: stōr

Saterland Frisian: stor

West Frisian: stoer

Old Saxon: stōri

Old High German: stūr, stūri, stiuri


þą̄hā

þą̄hā (nominative singular)
þą̄hōn (nominative plural)
þą̄hōn (accusative singular)
þą̄hōn (accusative plural)
þą̄hōn (genitive singular)
þą̄hōnō (genitive plural)
þą̄hōn (dative singular)
þą̄hōm (dative plural)
þą̄hum (dative plural)
þą̄hōn (instrumental singular)
þą̄hōm (instrumental plural)
þą̄hum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þō

Old High German: dāha


þrą̄h

þrą̄h (masculine nominative singular)
þrą̄hu (feminine nominative singular)
þrą̄h (neuter nominative singular)
þrą̄hanā (accusative masculine singular)
þrą̄hā (accusative feminine singular)
þrą̄h (accusative neuter singular)
þrą̄has (genitive masculine singular)
þrą̄heʀā (feminine genitive singular)
þrą̄has (genitive neuter singular)
þrą̄humē (dative masculine singular)
þrą̄heʀē (dative feminine singular)
þrą̄humē (dative neuter singular)
þrą̄hu (instrumental masculine singular)
þrą̄heʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
þrą̄hu (instrumental neuter singular)
þrą̄hē (masculine nominative plural)
þrą̄hō (feminine nominative plural)
þrą̄hu (neuter nominative plural)
þrą̄hā (accusative masculine plural)
þrą̄hā (accusative feminine plural)
þrą̄hu (accusative neuter plural)
þrą̄heʀō (genitive masculine plural)
þrą̄heʀō (feminine genitive plural)
þrą̄heʀō (genitive neuter plural)
þrą̄hēm (dative masculine plural)
þrą̄hum (dative masculine plural)
þrą̄hēm (dative feminine plural)
þrą̄hum (dative feminine plural)
þrą̄hēm (dative neuter plural)
þrą̄hum (dative neuter plural)
þrą̄hēm (instrumental masculine plural)
þrą̄hum (instrumental masculine plural)
þrą̄hēm (feminine instrumental plural)
þrą̄hum (feminine instrumental plural)
þrą̄hēm (instrumental neuter plural)
þrą̄hum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: þrōh


hą̄h

hą̄h (nominative singular)
hą̄hō (nominative plural)
hą̄hōs (nominative plural)
hą̄h (accusative singular)
hą̄hā (accusative plural)
hą̄has (genitive singular)
hą̄hō (genitive plural)
hą̄hē (dative singular)
hą̄hum (dative plural)
hą̄hu (instrumental singular)
hą̄hum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: hōh, hō, hōg
Middle English: hough, ho, hoche, hogh, hoȝ, hokke, hoo, houȝ, houe, howe, howghe, howh
English: hough, hoff, hock
Scots: hoch, houch
⇒ Yola: houghany


hą̄hasinu

hą̄hasinu (nominative singular)
hą̄hasinwō (nominative plural)
hą̄hasinwā (accusative singular)
hą̄hasinwā (accusative plural)
hą̄hasinwā (genitive singular)
hą̄hasinwō (genitive plural)
hą̄hasinwē (dative singular)
hą̄hasinwōm (dative plural)
hą̄hasinum (dative plural)
hą̄hasinu (instrumental singular)
hą̄hasinwōm (instrumental plural)
hą̄hasinum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hōhsinu, hōhsino
Middle English: hokschyne, *hoxene (often remodelled after schyne "shin")
English: huxen, huckson, huxon, huckshin, hucksheen (influenced by shin) (dialectal, obsolete)

Old Frisian: hōxene, hōxne

Old Dutch: *hāhsena, *hāssena

Middle Dutch: hâesen, hâesene

Dutch: haas
→ Indonesian: has

Limburgish: haos

Old High German: hāhsina, hāhsna

desc

Middle High German: hahsen, hæhsen, hehsen pl

Bavarian: Haxn

Alemannic German:

Swabian: Haxa

German: Hachse, Hechse, Haxe

Luxembourgish: Héiss

Rhine Franconian:

Palatine German: Hees, Hess

Pennsylvania German: Heese

Vilamovian: haoks

From Proto-Germanic *hanhasinwō. Equivalent to *hą̄h + *sinu.


hą̄hilō

hą̄hilō (nominative singular)
hą̄hilan (nominative plural)
hą̄hilan (accusative singular)
hą̄hilan (accusative plural)
hą̄hilini (genitive singular)
hą̄hilan (genitive singular)
hą̄hilanō (genitive plural)
hą̄hilini (dative singular)
hą̄hilan (dative singular)
hą̄hilum (dative plural)
hą̄hilini (instrumental singular)
hą̄hilan (instrumental singular)
hą̄hilum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: hēla, hǣla
Middle English: hele, heele, heyle, heyll, hiele, hile
English: heel
Scots: heel
Yola: heel

Old Frisian: hēla
North Frisian: (Föhr-Amrum) haiel, hael, häile, hajel, hägel
West Frisian: hyl

Old Saxon: *hāhilo, *hēhilo, *hēlo

Middle Low German: *hêle, *hiele

German Low German: Hiel (possibly borrowed from Dutch)

Old Dutch: *hālo, *hēlo m, *hēla f

Middle Dutch: hiele, hiel m or f (perhaps a borrowing from Frisian)

Dutch: hiel m

From *hą̄hil + *-ō, from Proto-Germanic *hanhilaz. Equivalent to *hą̄h (“heel, sole”) + *-il (diminutive suffix) + *-ō.


ą̄htu

ą̄htu (nominative singular)
ą̄htō (nominative plural)
ą̄htā (accusative singular)
ą̄htā (accusative plural)
ą̄htā (genitive singular)
ą̄htō (genitive plural)
ą̄htē (dative singular)
ą̄htōm (dative plural)
ą̄htum (dative plural)
ą̄htu (instrumental singular)
ą̄htōm (instrumental plural)
ą̄htum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ōht

Old Frisian: achte, acht

Old Saxon: *āhta, ōht

Middle Low German: achte

Low German: Acht

→ Norwegian Bokmål: akt

Old Dutch: *āhta

Middle Dutch: achte

Dutch: acht

Old High German: āhta

Middle High German: āhte, ǣhte

German: Acht


tą̄h(ī)

tą̄h (canonical)
ī (romanization)
tą̄h (masculine nominative singular)
tą̄hu (feminine nominative singular)
tą̄h (neuter nominative singular)
tą̄hanā (accusative masculine singular)
tą̄hā (accusative feminine singular)
tą̄h (accusative neuter singular)
tą̄has (genitive masculine singular)
tą̄heʀā (feminine genitive singular)
tą̄has (genitive neuter singular)
tą̄humē (dative masculine singular)
tą̄heʀē (dative feminine singular)
tą̄humē (dative neuter singular)
tą̄hu (instrumental masculine singular)
tą̄heʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
tą̄hu (instrumental neuter singular)
tą̄hē (masculine nominative plural)
tą̄hō (feminine nominative plural)
tą̄hu (neuter nominative plural)
tą̄hā (accusative masculine plural)
tą̄hā (accusative feminine plural)
tą̄hu (accusative neuter plural)
tą̄heʀō (genitive masculine plural)
tą̄heʀō (feminine genitive plural)
tą̄heʀō (genitive neuter plural)
tą̄hēm (dative masculine plural)
tą̄hum (dative masculine plural)
tą̄hēm (dative feminine plural)
tą̄hum (dative feminine plural)
tą̄hēm (dative neuter plural)
tą̄hum (dative neuter plural)
tą̄hēm (instrumental masculine plural)
tą̄hum (instrumental masculine plural)
tą̄hēm (feminine instrumental plural)
tą̄hum (feminine instrumental plural)
tą̄hēm (instrumental neuter plural)
tą̄hum (instrumental neuter plural)
tą̄hī (masculine nominative singular)
tą̄hiju (feminine nominative singular)
tą̄hī (neuter nominative singular)
tą̄hijanā (accusative masculine singular)
tą̄hijā (accusative feminine singular)
tą̄hī (accusative neuter singular)
tą̄hijas (genitive masculine singular)
tą̄hijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
tą̄hijas (genitive neuter singular)
tą̄hijumē (dative masculine singular)
tą̄hijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
tą̄hijumē (dative neuter singular)
tą̄hiju (instrumental masculine singular)
tą̄hijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
tą̄hiju (instrumental neuter singular)
tą̄hijē (masculine nominative plural)
tą̄hijō (feminine nominative plural)
tą̄hiju (neuter nominative plural)
tą̄hijā (accusative masculine plural)
tą̄hijā (accusative feminine plural)
tą̄hiju (accusative neuter plural)
tą̄hijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
tą̄hijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
tą̄hijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
tą̄hijēm (dative masculine plural)
tą̄hijum (dative masculine plural)
tą̄hijēm (dative feminine plural)
tą̄hijum (dative feminine plural)
tą̄hijēm (dative neuter plural)
tą̄hijum (dative neuter plural)
tą̄hijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
tą̄hijum (instrumental masculine plural)
tą̄hijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
tą̄hijum (feminine instrumental plural)
tą̄hijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
tą̄hijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: tōh

Middle English: toȝ, tou, towgh, tough

Scots: teuch

English: tough

→ Swedish: tuff

→ Norwegian Bokmål: tøff

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: tøff

desctree

Old Frisian: *tāi, *tēi
North Frisian: toi
Saterland Frisian: toai
West Frisian: taai

Old Saxon: *tāh, *tāhi

Middle Low German: tā, taie, tēge, teie

Low German: taa, taë, tage, taag

German Low German: taai

Old Dutch: *tāi

Middle Dutch: tâie, tây, tâey

Dutch: taai

Afrikaans: taai

Old High German: zāh, zāhi

desc

Middle High German: zāch, zǣhe, zǣh, zǣch

German: zähe, zäh

Bavarian: zach (pronounced [tsaːx])

Luxembourgish: zéi

From Proto-Germanic *tanhuz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


wāni

wāni (nominative singular)
wānī (nominative plural)
wāni (accusative singular)
wānī (accusative plural)
wānī (genitive singular)
wānijō (genitive plural)
wānī (dative singular)
wānim (dative plural)
wānijum (dative plural)
wānī (instrumental singular)
wānim (instrumental plural)
wānijum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: wēn
Middle English: wene, wen
English: ween
Scots: wen, wene

Old Frisian: wēn

Old Saxon: wān

Old Dutch: wān
Middle Dutch: wâen
Dutch: waan
Afrikaans: waan
Limburgish: waan

Old High German: wān

Middle High German: wān

German: Wahn

Luxembourgish: Woun


wānijan

wānijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
wānijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
wānijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
wānijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
wāniju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wānidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wānisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wānidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wānidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wāniþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wānidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wānidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wānijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wānidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wāniþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wānidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wānijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wānidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wānijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wānidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wānijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wānidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wānijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wānidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wānijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wānidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wānijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wānidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wānijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wānidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wāni (class-1 present singular weak)
wāniþ (class-1 plural present weak)
wānijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
wānid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: wǣnan, wēnan

Middle English: wenen

Scots: wen, wene, ween

English: ween

Old Frisian: wēna

Old Saxon: wānian

Middle Low German: wânen

Old Dutch: wānen
Middle Dutch: wânen
Dutch: wanen

Old High German: wānen

Middle High German: wænen

German: wähnen

From Proto-Germanic *wēnijaną. Equivalent to *wāni (“hope, expectation”) + *-jan.


spānu

spānu (nominative singular)
spāniwi (nominative plural)
spānō (nominative plural)
spānu (accusative singular)
spānū (accusative plural)
spānō (genitive singular)
spāniwō (genitive plural)
spāniwi (dative singular)
spānō (dative singular)
spānum (dative plural)
spānu (instrumental singular)
spānum (instrumental plural)

Old English: spōn

Middle English: spone, spon, sponne, spoon, spoun, spoune, spun, spune
English: spoon
Geordie English: spuin, speun
Scots: spuin, spin, spon, spone, spun, spune
Yola: spone

Old Frisian: *spōn
North Frisian:
Sylt: spuun
Wiedingharde: spoon
Saterland Frisian: Spoune
West Frisian: spoen, spoan

Old Saxon: *spān, *spōn

Middle Low German: spân, spôn

Low German: spoon

German Low German: Spoon

Old Dutch: *spān

Middle Dutch: spâen, spon
Dutch: spaan
→ West Frisian: spaan
Limburgish: spoon

Old High German: spān; spanna (“spoon”)

Middle High German: spān

Alemannic German: Spään

German: Span

Luxembourgish: Spoun


rāmēn

rāmēn (infinitive)
rāmēnijas (genitive infinitive)
rāmēnijē (dative infinitive)
rāmēniju (infinitive instrumental)
rāmē (first-person present singular)
rām?dā (first-person past singular)
rāmēs (present second-person singular)
rām?dēs (past second-person singular)
rāmēþ (present singular third-person)
rām?dē (past singular third-person)
rām?dā (past singular third-person)
rāmēm (first-person plural present)
rām?dum (first-person past plural)
rāmēþ (plural present second-person)
rām?dud (past plural second-person)
rāmēnþ (plural present third-person)
rām?dun (past plural third-person)
rām?dī (first-person past singular)
rām?dī (past second-person singular)
rāmē (present singular third-person)
rām?dī (past singular third-person)
rām?dīm (first-person past plural)
rām?dīd (past plural second-person)
rāmēn (plural present third-person)
rām?dīn (past plural third-person)
rāmē (present singular)
rāmēþ (plural present)
rāmēndī (participle present)
rām?d (participle past)

Old English: rōmian, rōmiġan

Old Frisian: ramia, remia, rammia

North Frisian: rame

West Frisian: raamje, rame

Old Saxon: rōmon, rōmigan, ruomon, rūmian, rūmon
Middle Low German: râmen (“to aim for, seek to meet”)
German Low German: råmen (“to overwhelm, conquer; to meet, encounter”) (also < OS *ramon (“to overwhelm”) ⇐ PWG *ramm (“overwhelming”))
→ Danish: ramme

Old Dutch: *rāmon
Middle Dutch: râmen
Dutch: ramen
Afrikaans: raam

Old High German: rāmēn, rāmōn

Middle High German: rāmen, ræmen

German: rahmen, rähmen (archaic)


brannijan

brannijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
brannijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
brannijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
brannijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
branniju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
brannidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
brannisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
brannidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
brannidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
branniþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
brannidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
brannidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
brannijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
brannidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
branniþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
brannidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
brannijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
brannidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
brannijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
brannidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
brannijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
brannidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
brannijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
brannidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
brannijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
brannidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
brannijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
brannidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
brannijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
brannidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
branni (class-1 present singular weak)
branniþ (class-1 plural present weak)
brannijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
brannid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: bærnan, *brænnan

Middle English: brennen

English: bren

Scots: brenn, bren, brend

Old Frisian: berna, barna

⇒ Saterland Frisian: baanje, baddenje

West Frisian: baarne, barne, brâne

Old Saxon: brennian
Middle Low German: bernen
Low German: brennen, brannen

Old Dutch: brennen
Middle Dutch: bernen, barnen
Dutch: barnen
Limburgish: borre
⇒ Middle Dutch: branden (backformation)
Dutch: branden
Limburgish: branje, brenje

Old High German: brennen
Middle High German: brennen
Bavarian: brenna
German: brennen
Luxembourgish: brennen
Yiddish: ברענען (brenen)


kweþan

kweþan (infinitive)
kweþannjas (genitive infinitive)
kweþannjē (dative infinitive)
kweþannju (infinitive instrumental)
kweþu (first-person present singular)
kwaþ (first-person past singular)
kwiþiʀi (present second-person singular)
kwādī (past second-person singular)
kwiþidi (present singular third-person)
kwaþ (past singular third-person)
kweþum (first-person plural present)
kwādum (first-person past plural)
kwiþid (plural present second-person)
kwādud (past plural second-person)
kweþand (plural present third-person)
kwādun (past plural third-person)
kweþē (first-person present singular)
kwādī (first-person past singular)
kweþēs (present second-person singular)
kweþē (present singular third-person)
kwādī (past singular third-person)
kweþēm (first-person plural present)
kwādīm (first-person past plural)
kweþēþ (plural present second-person)
kwādīd (past plural second-person)
kweþēn (plural present third-person)
kwādīn (past plural third-person)
kwiþ (present singular)
kwiþid (plural present)
kweþandī (participle present)
kwedan (participle past)

Old English: cweþan, cweðan — edh spelling, cwoða — Northumbrian
Middle English: quethen, queden, quethe, queþe, queþen, qweþe, qwethyn, cwæthen, cwethen, cweþen, cweðen, queðen (Early Middle English)
English: quethe (obsolete except in past tense quoth)
Scots: quethe (noun)
Yola: co, quo

Old Frisian: quetha

Saterland Frisian: kwede

Old Saxon: quethan, queþan, queðan
Middle Low German: queden

Old Dutch: quethan

Old High German: quëdan

Middle High German: quëden

Cimbrian: khödan


hwaþar

hwaþar (masculine nominative singular)
hwaþaru (feminine nominative singular)
hwaþar (neuter nominative singular)
hwaþaranā (accusative masculine singular)
hwaþarā (accusative feminine singular)
hwaþar (accusative neuter singular)
hwaþaras (genitive masculine singular)
hwaþareʀā (feminine genitive singular)
hwaþaras (genitive neuter singular)
hwaþarumē (dative masculine singular)
hwaþareʀē (dative feminine singular)
hwaþarumē (dative neuter singular)
hwaþaru (instrumental masculine singular)
hwaþareʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
hwaþaru (instrumental neuter singular)
hwaþarē (masculine nominative plural)
hwaþarō (feminine nominative plural)
hwaþaru (neuter nominative plural)
hwaþarā (accusative masculine plural)
hwaþarā (accusative feminine plural)
hwaþaru (accusative neuter plural)
hwaþareʀō (genitive masculine plural)
hwaþareʀō (feminine genitive plural)
hwaþareʀō (genitive neuter plural)
hwaþarēm (dative masculine plural)
hwaþarum (dative masculine plural)
hwaþarēm (dative feminine plural)
hwaþarum (dative feminine plural)
hwaþarēm (dative neuter plural)
hwaþarum (dative neuter plural)
hwaþarēm (instrumental masculine plural)
hwaþarum (instrumental masculine plural)
hwaþarēm (feminine instrumental plural)
hwaþarum (feminine instrumental plural)
hwaþarēm (instrumental neuter plural)
hwaþarum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: hwæþer
Middle English: whether
Scots: quhether, quhither, whedder
English: whether

⇒ Old English: ǣġhwæþer, ǣġþer, (contraction) āþer
Middle English: either, ayther, æȝþer, ethir, eiþer, outher
English: either
Scots: aither

Old Frisian: hweder

Old Saxon: hwēthar

Old Dutch: *wether

Middle Dutch: weder
Dutch: weder, weer
Afrikaans: weer
Limburgish: wieër

Old High German: wedar
Middle High German: weder
Alemannic German: weder
Cimbrian: bèdar
German: weder


gahwaþar

gahwaþar (masculine nominative singular)
gahwaþaru (feminine nominative singular)
gahwaþar (neuter nominative singular)
gahwaþaranā (accusative masculine singular)
gahwaþarā (accusative feminine singular)
gahwaþar (accusative neuter singular)
gahwaþaras (genitive masculine singular)
gahwaþareʀā (feminine genitive singular)
gahwaþaras (genitive neuter singular)
gahwaþarumē (dative masculine singular)
gahwaþareʀē (dative feminine singular)
gahwaþarumē (dative neuter singular)
gahwaþaru (instrumental masculine singular)
gahwaþareʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
gahwaþaru (instrumental neuter singular)
gahwaþarē (masculine nominative plural)
gahwaþarō (feminine nominative plural)
gahwaþaru (neuter nominative plural)
gahwaþarā (accusative masculine plural)
gahwaþarā (accusative feminine plural)
gahwaþaru (accusative neuter plural)
gahwaþareʀō (genitive masculine plural)
gahwaþareʀō (feminine genitive plural)
gahwaþareʀō (genitive neuter plural)
gahwaþarēm (dative masculine plural)
gahwaþarum (dative masculine plural)
gahwaþarēm (dative feminine plural)
gahwaþarum (dative feminine plural)
gahwaþarēm (dative neuter plural)
gahwaþarum (dative neuter plural)
gahwaþarēm (instrumental masculine plural)
gahwaþarum (instrumental masculine plural)
gahwaþarēm (feminine instrumental plural)
gahwaþarum (feminine instrumental plural)
gahwaþarēm (instrumental neuter plural)
gahwaþarum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: ġehwæþer

Old Frisian: jāhweder?

Old Saxon: gihwēthar

Old High German: giwedar


magaþ

magaþ (nominative singular)
magaþi (nominative plural)
magaþu (accusative singular)
magaþi (accusative plural)
magaþi (genitive singular)
magaþō (genitive plural)
magaþi (dative singular)
magaþum (dative plural)
magaþi (instrumental singular)
magaþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: mæġeþ, mæġþ
Middle English: mæið, meið, maið, maȝþ
English: maid
Scots: maid

Old Frisian: megith, megeth, mageth

Saterland Frisian: Moagd

West Frisian: maegd; (> meide, meidzje)

Old Saxon: magath

desc

Middle Low German: māget, mait, meit, meyt

German Low German: Maid

desctree

Old Dutch: magith
Middle Dutch: māget, meit
Dutch: maagd, meid

Old High German: magad
Middle High German: maget, magt, mait
German: Magd, Maid
Luxembourgish: Mod
Yiddish: מויד (moyd), מאַד (mad)


gawar

gawar (masculine nominative singular)
gawaru (feminine nominative singular)
gawar (neuter nominative singular)
gawaranā (accusative masculine singular)
gawarā (accusative feminine singular)
gawar (accusative neuter singular)
gawaras (genitive masculine singular)
gawareʀā (feminine genitive singular)
gawaras (genitive neuter singular)
gawarumē (dative masculine singular)
gawareʀē (dative feminine singular)
gawarumē (dative neuter singular)
gawaru (instrumental masculine singular)
gawareʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
gawaru (instrumental neuter singular)
gawarē (masculine nominative plural)
gawarō (feminine nominative plural)
gawaru (neuter nominative plural)
gawarā (accusative masculine plural)
gawarā (accusative feminine plural)
gawaru (accusative neuter plural)
gawareʀō (genitive masculine plural)
gawareʀō (feminine genitive plural)
gawareʀō (genitive neuter plural)
gawarēm (dative masculine plural)
gawarum (dative masculine plural)
gawarēm (dative feminine plural)
gawarum (dative feminine plural)
gawarēm (dative neuter plural)
gawarum (dative neuter plural)
gawarēm (instrumental masculine plural)
gawarum (instrumental masculine plural)
gawarēm (feminine instrumental plural)
gawarum (feminine instrumental plural)
gawarēm (instrumental neuter plural)
gawarum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: ġewær

desc

Middle English: ȝewær, iwær, iwar, ywar, iware, aware

Scots: awar, awaur, avar

English: aware

Old Saxon: giwar

Middle Low German: gewār

German Low German: gewahr

Old Dutch: giwar

Middle Dutch: gewar, gewāre, gewāer

Dutch: gewaar

Old High German: giwar

Middle High German: gewar

German: gewahr


skūr

skūr (nominative singular)
skūrō (nominative plural)
skūrōs (nominative plural)
skūr (accusative singular)
skūrā (accusative plural)
skūras (genitive singular)
skūrō (genitive plural)
skūrē (dative singular)
skūrum (dative plural)
skūru (instrumental singular)
skūrum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: sċūr, sċēor
Middle English: schour, schoure, schowre, schoure, shour, shoure, shower, showre, scur, shur (Early Middle English)
English: shower
Scots: shour, shouer, shoor, shooer

Old Frisian: *skūr, schur

Saterland Frisian: Skuur

West Frisian: skuor

Old Saxon: skūr

Middle Low German: schūr

Low Saxon: Schuur

Westphalian:

Münsterländer: Schuur (Westmünsterländisch)

East Westphalian: Schiur (Ravensberger)

Plautdietsch: Schua

→ Old Norse: skúr
Icelandic: skúr
Faroese: skúrur
Norwegian Nynorsk: skur
Old Swedish: skūr
Swedish: skur
Old Danish: skwr, skywr
Danish: skur
Norwegian Bokmål: skur

Old Dutch: *scūr

Middle Dutch: schure, schuur

Dutch: schoer

Old High German: scūr
Middle High German: schūre, schūr, schoure, schour
German: Schauer

From Proto-Germanic *skūraz; cf. *skūrō.


klawiþō

klawiþō (nominative singular)
klawiþan (nominative plural)
klawiþan (accusative singular)
klawiþan (accusative plural)
klawiþini (genitive singular)
klawiþan (genitive singular)
klawiþanō (genitive plural)
klawiþini (dative singular)
klawiþan (dative singular)
klawiþum (dative plural)
klawiþini (instrumental singular)
klawiþan (instrumental singular)
klawiþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: cleweþa

Old High German: klouwida


þauwjan

þauwjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
þauwjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
þauwjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
þauwjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
þauwju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
þawidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
þawisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
þawidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þawidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þawiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
þawidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þawidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þauwjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
þawidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
þawiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
þawidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
þauwjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
þawidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
þauwjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
þawidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
þauwjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
þawidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þauwjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
þawidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þauwjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
þawidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
þauwjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
þawidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
þauwjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
þawidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
þawi (class-1 present singular weak)
þawiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
þauwjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
þawid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: þawian
Middle English: thawen, thowen
English: thaw
Scots: thow

Old Frisian: *thēia

West Frisian: teie

Old Saxon: *thouwian, thōian

Middle Low German: douwen, dôien, deyen

German Low German: deien

Old Dutch: *thōien

Middle Dutch: dôyen

Dutch: dooien

Old High German: thouwen

Middle High German: douwen

q

merged with <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*dawwāną</i>

⇒ Middle High German: touwen (merged with *dawwāną)

German: tauen

⇒ Old High German: firthouwen

Middle High German: verdouwen

German: verdauen


lāwijan

lāwijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
lāwijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
lāwijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
lāwijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
lāwiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
lāwidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
lāwisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
lāwidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
lāwidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
lāwiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
lāwidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
lāwidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
lāwijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
lāwidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
lāwiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
lāwidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
lāwijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
lāwidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
lāwijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
lāwidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
lāwijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
lāwidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
lāwijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
lāwidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
lāwijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
lāwidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
lāwijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
lāwidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
lāwijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
lāwidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
lāwi (class-1 present singular weak)
lāwiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
lāwijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
lāwid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: lǣwan

⇒ Old English: lǣwede

Middle English: lewede, lewed

Scots: lawit, lewit, lewd

English: lewd

⇒ Old English: belǣwan

Middle English: belewen

⇒ Old English: lǣwa

⇒ Middle English: lewe (adjective)

Old High German: *lāwen, *lāen

⇒ Old High German: firlāwen, firlāen

⇒ Old High German: gilāwen, gilāen


klāu

klāu (nominative singular)
klāwō (nominative plural)
klāwā (accusative singular)
klāwā (accusative plural)
klāwā (genitive singular)
klāwō (genitive plural)
klāwē (dative singular)
klāwōm (dative plural)
klāum (dative plural)
klāu (instrumental singular)
klāwōm (instrumental plural)
klāum (instrumental plural)

Old English: clēa, clāwu

Old Frisian: klē, klēwe

Old Saxon: clāwa

Middle Low German: klauwe

Old Dutch: clāwa, *clā

Middle Dutch: clauwe, cla

Dutch: klauw

Afrikaans: klou

Old High German: klāwa

Middle High German: klāwe

German: Klaue

Luxembourgish: Klo


wāan

wāan (infinitive)
wāannjas (genitive infinitive)
wāannjē (dative infinitive)
wāannju (infinitive instrumental)
wāu (first-person present singular)
wē (first-person past singular)
wāiʀi (present second-person singular)
wēī (past second-person singular)
wāidi (present singular third-person)
wē (past singular third-person)
wāum (first-person plural present)
wēum (first-person past plural)
wāid (plural present second-person)
wēud (past plural second-person)
wāand (plural present third-person)
wēun (past plural third-person)
wāē (first-person present singular)
wēī (first-person past singular)
wāēs (present second-person singular)
wāē (present singular third-person)
wēī (past singular third-person)
wāēm (first-person plural present)
wēīm (first-person past plural)
wāēþ (plural present second-person)
wēīd (past plural second-person)
wāēn (plural present third-person)
wēīn (past plural third-person)
wā (present singular)
wāid (plural present)
wāandī (participle present)
wāan (participle past)

Old English: wāwan

Old Frisian: wēia, wāia

West Frisian: waaie

Old Saxon: wāian

Middle Low German: weien

Low German: weihn

desctree

Old Dutch: wāien
Middle Dutch: wâyen
Dutch: waaien
Limburgish: wèjje

Old High German: wāen, wāhen

Middle High German: wæjen

German: wehen


knāan

knāan (infinitive)
knāannjas (genitive infinitive)
knāannjē (dative infinitive)
knāannju (infinitive instrumental)
knāu (first-person present singular)
knē (first-person past singular)
knāiʀi (present second-person singular)
knēī (past second-person singular)
knāidi (present singular third-person)
knē (past singular third-person)
knāum (first-person plural present)
knēum (first-person past plural)
knāid (plural present second-person)
knēud (past plural second-person)
knāand (plural present third-person)
knēun (past plural third-person)
knāē (first-person present singular)
knēī (first-person past singular)
knāēs (present second-person singular)
knāē (present singular third-person)
knēī (past singular third-person)
knāēm (first-person plural present)
knēīm (first-person past plural)
knāēþ (plural present second-person)
knēīd (past plural second-person)
knāēn (plural present third-person)
knēīn (past plural third-person)
knā (present singular)
knāid (plural present)
knāandī (participle present)
knāan (participle past)

Old English: cnāwan

Middle English: knawen, knowen

Scots: knaw

English: know

Yola: knou, knouwe

Old Saxon: knāian

desc

Old High German: knājan, knāen, knāan, chnāan, chnāhan


þrāan

þrāan (infinitive)
þrāannjas (genitive infinitive)
þrāannjē (dative infinitive)
þrāannju (infinitive instrumental)
þrāu (first-person present singular)
þrē (first-person past singular)
þrāiʀi (present second-person singular)
þrēī (past second-person singular)
þrāidi (present singular third-person)
þrē (past singular third-person)
þrāum (first-person plural present)
þrēum (first-person past plural)
þrāid (plural present second-person)
þrēud (past plural second-person)
þrāand (plural present third-person)
þrēun (past plural third-person)
þrāē (first-person present singular)
þrēī (first-person past singular)
þrāēs (present second-person singular)
þrāē (present singular third-person)
þrēī (past singular third-person)
þrāēm (first-person plural present)
þrēīm (first-person past plural)
þrāēþ (plural present second-person)
þrēīd (past plural second-person)
þrāēn (plural present third-person)
þrēīn (past plural third-person)
þrā (present singular)
þrāid (plural present)
þrāandī (participle present)
þrāan (participle past)

desctree

Old English: þrāwan
Middle English: throwen, thrawen, thorwen
English: throw
Northumbrian: thraa
Scots: thraw
Yola: drowe, draugh

Old Frisian: thrāia

North Frisian: treie

West Frisian: draaie, triuwe

Old Saxon: thrāian
Middle Low German: dreien, dreyen, drêgen, dreigen
German Low German: dreihen
Low German: draien, dreien
→ Norwegian Bokmål: dreie
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: dreie
→ Swedish: dreja
→ Danish: dreje

Old Dutch: thrāien
Middle Dutch: drâyen
Dutch: draaien
Limburgish: drejje, dreie

Old High German: drāen
Middle High German: dræjen, dræn
Bavarian: drahn
Cimbrian: dréenan
Central Franconian: driehe, drähe, drähne
Hunsrik: drehe
Luxembourgish: dréien, dréinen
German: drehen
Yiddish: דרייען (dreyen)


blāan

blāan (infinitive)
blāannjas (genitive infinitive)
blāannjē (dative infinitive)
blāannju (infinitive instrumental)
blāu (first-person present singular)
blē (first-person past singular)
blāiʀi (present second-person singular)
blēī (past second-person singular)
blāidi (present singular third-person)
blē (past singular third-person)
blāum (first-person plural present)
blēum (first-person past plural)
blāid (plural present second-person)
blēud (past plural second-person)
blāand (plural present third-person)
blēun (past plural third-person)
blāē (first-person present singular)
blēī (first-person past singular)
blāēs (present second-person singular)
blāē (present singular third-person)
blēī (past singular third-person)
blāēm (first-person plural present)
blēīm (first-person past plural)
blāēþ (plural present second-person)
blēīd (past plural second-person)
blāēn (plural present third-person)
blēīn (past plural third-person)
blā (present singular)
blāid (plural present)
blāandī (participle present)
blāan (participle past)

Old English: blāwan
Middle English: blowen, blouen, blow, blowe, blowyn, blawe (Northern or Kent), blawen, bloawen (Early Middle English)
English: blow
Geordie English: blaw
Scots: blaw
Yola: blay

Old Frisian: blā, blīa

North Frisian: bleie

Old Saxon: blāian

(Middle Low German: blêen)

Old Dutch: *blāien

Middle Dutch: blâyen
Dutch: blaaien (obsolete)

Old High German: blāhan, plāhan, blājan

Middle High German: blǣjen, blǣwen

German: blähen

⇒ Cimbrian: inpléenanzich


galaub

galaub (masculine nominative singular)
galaubu (feminine nominative singular)
galaub (neuter nominative singular)
galaubanā (accusative masculine singular)
galaubā (accusative feminine singular)
galaub (accusative neuter singular)
galaubas (genitive masculine singular)
galaubeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
galaubas (genitive neuter singular)
galaubumē (dative masculine singular)
galaubeʀē (dative feminine singular)
galaubumē (dative neuter singular)
galaubu (instrumental masculine singular)
galaubeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
galaubu (instrumental neuter singular)
galaubē (masculine nominative plural)
galaubō (feminine nominative plural)
galaubu (neuter nominative plural)
galaubā (accusative masculine plural)
galaubā (accusative feminine plural)
galaubu (accusative neuter plural)
galaubeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
galaubeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
galaubeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
galaubēm (dative masculine plural)
galaubum (dative masculine plural)
galaubēm (dative feminine plural)
galaubum (dative feminine plural)
galaubēm (dative neuter plural)
galaubum (dative neuter plural)
galaubēm (instrumental masculine plural)
galaubum (instrumental masculine plural)
galaubēm (feminine instrumental plural)
galaubum (feminine instrumental plural)
galaubēm (instrumental neuter plural)
galaubum (instrumental neuter plural)

⇒ Old English: unġelēaf

Old High German: giloub

From Proto-Germanic *galaubaz. Equivalent to *ga- + *laub.