tiunijan

tiunijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
tiunijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
tiunijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
tiunijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
tiuniju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tiunidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tiunisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tiunidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tiunidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tiuniþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tiunidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tiunidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tiunijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tiunidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tiuniþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tiunidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tiunijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tiunidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tiunijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tiunidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tiunijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tiunidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tiunijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tiunidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tiunijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tiunidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tiunijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tiunidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tiunijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tiunidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tiuni (class-1 present singular weak)
tiuniþ (class-1 plural present weak)
tiunijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
tiunid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: tēonian, tīenan, tȳnan

Middle English: tenen, tinen (merged with Old English tēonian and Old Norse týna)

English: teen, tine

Scots: tyne

Old Frisian: tiūna, tiōna
West Frisian: tsjoene (“to hex, enchant, bewitch; to cast a spell”)

Old Saxon: *tiunian

⇒ Old Saxon: gitiunian


uʀstiupijan

uʀstiupijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
uʀstiupijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
uʀstiupijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
uʀstiupijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
uʀstiupiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
uʀstiupidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
uʀstiupisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
uʀstiupidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
uʀstiupidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
uʀstiupiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
uʀstiupidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
uʀstiupidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
uʀstiupijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
uʀstiupidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
uʀstiupiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
uʀstiupidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
uʀstiupijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
uʀstiupidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
uʀstiupijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
uʀstiupidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
uʀstiupijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
uʀstiupidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
uʀstiupijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
uʀstiupidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
uʀstiupijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
uʀstiupidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
uʀstiupijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
uʀstiupidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
uʀstiupijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
uʀstiupidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
uʀstiupi (class-1 present singular weak)
uʀstiupiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
uʀstiupijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
uʀstiupid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: āstȳpan (late)

Old High German: irstiufen


niudi

niudi (nominative singular)
niudī (nominative plural)
niudi (accusative singular)
niudī (accusative plural)
niudī (genitive singular)
niudijō (genitive plural)
niudī (dative singular)
niudim (dative plural)
niudijum (dative plural)
niudī (instrumental singular)
niudim (instrumental plural)
niudijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: nīed, nēod

Old Frisian: niōd

Old Saxon: niud

Old Dutch: *niod

Middle Dutch: niet

Old High German: niot

Middle High German: niet


kliuwīn

kliuwīn (nominative singular)
kliuwīnu (nominative plural)
kliuwīn (accusative singular)
kliuwīnu (accusative plural)
kliuwīnas (genitive singular)
kliuwīnō (genitive plural)
kliuwīnē (dative singular)
kliuwīnum (dative plural)
kliuwīnu (instrumental singular)
kliuwīnum (instrumental plural)

desc

Old English: clīewen, clȳwen, clēowen, clīwen

Middle English: clewen, clewe

English: clew, clue

Scots: clew, cleu, clue, cloo

Old Frisian: *kliāwen

Saterland Frisian: Kljoun

West Frisian: kleaune

Old Saxon: kliuwīn, kleuwīn

Middle Low German: klûwen, klü̂wen, kluwe

German Low German: Kloon

Old Dutch: *cliuwin

Middle Dutch: cluwen, clouwen, clouwe

Dutch: kluwen

Old High German: kliuwīn, kliuwī

Middle Low German: kliuwe


aþuling

aþuling (nominative singular)
aþulingō (nominative plural)
aþulingōs (nominative plural)
aþuling (accusative singular)
aþulingā (accusative plural)
aþulingas (genitive singular)
aþulingō (genitive plural)
aþulingē (dative singular)
aþulingum (dative plural)
aþulingu (instrumental singular)
aþulingum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: æþeling, æðeling (edh spelling), eþeling (Mercian)
Middle English: atheling
English: atheling
→? Middle Welsh: edling, edlyg, etling (or from Middle English)
Welsh: edling, edlin
→ English: edling

Old Frisian: etheling, edling

Old Saxon: ethiling

Old Dutch: etheling

Middle Dutch: ēdelinc

Dutch: edeling

Old High German: adaling

→ Latin: adelingus, adalingus

From Proto-Germanic *aþulingaz. Equivalent to *aþuli + *-ing.


aþulī

aþulī (masculine nominative singular)
aþuliju (feminine nominative singular)
aþulī (neuter nominative singular)
aþulijanā (accusative masculine singular)
aþulijā (accusative feminine singular)
aþulī (accusative neuter singular)
aþulijas (genitive masculine singular)
aþulijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
aþulijas (genitive neuter singular)
aþulijumē (dative masculine singular)
aþulijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
aþulijumē (dative neuter singular)
aþuliju (instrumental masculine singular)
aþulijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
aþuliju (instrumental neuter singular)
aþulijē (masculine nominative plural)
aþulijō (feminine nominative plural)
aþuliju (neuter nominative plural)
aþulijā (accusative masculine plural)
aþulijā (accusative feminine plural)
aþuliju (accusative neuter plural)
aþulijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
aþulijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
aþulijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
aþulijēm (dative masculine plural)
aþulijum (dative masculine plural)
aþulijēm (dative feminine plural)
aþulijum (dative feminine plural)
aþulijēm (dative neuter plural)
aþulijum (dative neuter plural)
aþulijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
aþulijum (instrumental masculine plural)
aþulijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
aþulijum (feminine instrumental plural)
aþulijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
aþulijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: æþele, eþele

Middle English: athel, ethel

English: athel

Scots: athill

Old Frisian: ethele

Saterland Frisian: eedel

West Frisian: eal

Old Saxon: ethili

Middle Low German: ēdele, ēdel

→ Danish: ædel

→ Norwegian Bokmål: edel

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: edel

→ Swedish: ädel

German Low German: edel

Old Dutch: ethele

Middle Dutch: ēdel

Dutch: edel

Afrikaans: edel

Limburgish: aedel

Old High German: edili

Middle High German: edle, edel

German: edel

Yiddish: איידל (eydl)

From Proto-Germanic *aþulijaz. Equivalent to *aþal (“nobility, race”) + *-ī (adjective suffix).


gaduling

gaduling (nominative singular)
gadulingō (nominative plural)
gadulingōs (nominative plural)
gaduling (accusative singular)
gadulingā (accusative plural)
gadulingas (genitive singular)
gadulingō (genitive plural)
gadulingē (dative singular)
gadulingum (dative plural)
gadulingu (instrumental singular)
gadulingum (instrumental plural)
*gadiling (alternative)

Old English: gædeling, geaduling

desc

Middle English: gadling, gedelyng, gedling

Scots: gedling

English: gadling

Old Saxon: gaduling, *gediling

Middle Low German: gadelink, gedelink, gēdelinc

Old Dutch: *gediling

Middle Dutch: gēdelinc

Old High German: gatuling, gataling, gatiling, *getiling

Middle High German: getelinc, getlinc

From Proto-Germanic *gadilingaz (“kinsman, relative”). Compare Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌹𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (gadiliggs, “kinsman”).


ajukī

ajukī (masculine nominative singular)
ajukiju (feminine nominative singular)
ajukī (neuter nominative singular)
ajukijanā (accusative masculine singular)
ajukijā (accusative feminine singular)
ajukī (accusative neuter singular)
ajukijas (genitive masculine singular)
ajukijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
ajukijas (genitive neuter singular)
ajukijumē (dative masculine singular)
ajukijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
ajukijumē (dative neuter singular)
ajukiju (instrumental masculine singular)
ajukijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
ajukiju (instrumental neuter singular)
ajukijē (masculine nominative plural)
ajukijō (feminine nominative plural)
ajukiju (neuter nominative plural)
ajukijā (accusative masculine plural)
ajukijā (accusative feminine plural)
ajukiju (accusative neuter plural)
ajukijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
ajukijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
ajukijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
ajukijēm (dative masculine plural)
ajukijum (dative masculine plural)
ajukijēm (dative feminine plural)
ajukijum (dative feminine plural)
ajukijēm (dative neuter plural)
ajukijum (dative neuter plural)
ajukijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
ajukijum (instrumental masculine plural)
ajukijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
ajukijum (feminine instrumental plural)
ajukijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
ajukijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: ǣċe, ēċe

Middle English: ece, eche

From Proto-Germanic *aiwukiz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


aimuʀjā

aimuʀjā (nominative singular)
aimuʀjōn (nominative plural)
aimuʀjōn (accusative singular)
aimuʀjōn (accusative plural)
aimuʀjōn (genitive singular)
aimuʀjōnō (genitive plural)
aimuʀjōn (dative singular)
aimuʀjōm (dative plural)
aimuʀjum (dative plural)
aimuʀjōn (instrumental singular)
aimuʀjōm (instrumental plural)
aimuʀjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ǣmyrġe

Middle English: eymere

Scots: emmer, amer, aumer

English: ember

Old Saxon: *ēmuria

Middle Low German: ēmere

→? Danish: emmer

Old High German: eimuria

Middle High German: eimere, eimer

German: Eimer, Ammer (dialectal)


meluk

meluk (nominative singular)
meluki (nominative plural)
meluku (accusative singular)
meluki (accusative plural)
meluki (genitive singular)
melukō (genitive plural)
meluki (dative singular)
melukum (dative plural)
meluki (instrumental singular)
melukum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: meolc, meoloc, meoluc, milc
Middle English: milk, milke, milc, melke, melc (chiefly Kent & Southern West), mulk, mulc (chiefly Southern & Southern West)
English: milk
Scots: milk, melk, mylk
Yola: mulk

q

Old Frisian: melok (all descendants are merged with molken < *mulknō)

North Frisian: molke

Saterland Frisian: Moalk, Molk

West Frisian: molke

Old Saxon: miluk

Middle Low German: melik, melk

Low German: Melk

Dutch Low Saxon: melk

German Low German: Melk

Plautdietsch: Malkj

Old Dutch: miluk, miluc

desctree

Middle Dutch: melc
Dutch: melk
Afrikaans: melk
Berbice Creole Dutch: meleke
Jersey Dutch: määlk
Negerhollands: melk
→ Aukan: meliki
→ Caribbean Javanese: mèleg, mèrki
→ Munsee: mălák
→ Saramaccan: meíki
→ Sranan Tongo: merki
→ Kari'na: meliki
→ Tok Pisin: melek
Limburgish: mèlk

Old High German: miluh

Middle High German: milich, milch

Alemannic German: Möuch, Melch

Swabian: Milk

Walser: milch, meljch, mélläch

desc

Bavarian: Muich, Milli, milch, milach, milich

Cimbrian: milch, milach

Hianzisch: Müli

Mòcheno: milch

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Millich

Luxembourgish: Mëllech

German: Milch
→ Tok Pisin: milis

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Millich

Vilamovian: myłich

Yiddish: מילך (milkh)


magadīn

magadīn (nominative singular)
magadīnu (nominative plural)
magadīn (accusative singular)
magadīnu (accusative plural)
magadīnas (genitive singular)
magadīnō (genitive plural)
magadīnē (dative singular)
magadīnum (dative plural)
magadīnu (instrumental singular)
magadīnum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: mæġden, mǣden
Middle English: mayden, maiden, maidene, medene, maden, madane, mædene, mæidene, maȝden, meidene (Early Middle English)
English: maiden
Scots: maidin
Yola: mydhen
→ Middle Irish: maigden (see there for further descendants)

Old Frisian: meiden

Saterland Frisian: Maiden

Old Saxon: *magathīn

Middle Low German: mēgetīn

Old High German: magatīn

Middle High German: magetīn, megetīn

German: Mädchen


hwattjan

hwattjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hwattjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hwattjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hwattjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hwattju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hwattā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hwatisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hwattēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hwattōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hwatiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hwattē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hwattā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hwattjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hwattum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hwatiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hwattud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hwattjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hwattun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hwattjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hwattī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hwattjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hwattī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hwattjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hwattī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hwattjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hwattīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hwattjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hwattīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hwattjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hwattīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hwati (class-1 present singular weak)
hwatiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hwattjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hwatt (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: hwettan
Middle English: whetten, qwete, whett, whette, whettyn, whætte (Early Middle English)
English: whet
Scots: what
Yola: what

Old Frisian: *hwetta; *hwettia

Saterland Frisian: wätje

West Frisian: hwetsje, hotsje

Old Saxon: *hwettian

Middle Low German: wetten

German Low German: wetten

Old Dutch: *wetten

Middle Dutch: wetten

Dutch: wetten

Old High German: hwezzen, wezzen

Middle High German: wetzen

Cimbrian: bétzan

German: wetzen


kaldēn

kaldēn (infinitive)
kaldēnijas (genitive infinitive)
kaldēnijē (dative infinitive)
kaldēniju (infinitive instrumental)
kaldē (first-person present singular)
kald?dā (first-person past singular)
kaldēs (present second-person singular)
kald?dēs (past second-person singular)
kaldēþ (present singular third-person)
kald?dē (past singular third-person)
kald?dā (past singular third-person)
kaldēm (first-person plural present)
kald?dum (first-person past plural)
kaldēþ (plural present second-person)
kald?dud (past plural second-person)
kaldēnþ (plural present third-person)
kald?dun (past plural third-person)
kald?dī (first-person past singular)
kald?dī (past second-person singular)
kaldē (present singular third-person)
kald?dī (past singular third-person)
kald?dīm (first-person past plural)
kald?dīd (past plural second-person)
kaldēn (plural present third-person)
kald?dīn (past plural third-person)
kaldē (present singular)
kaldēþ (plural present)
kaldēndī (participle present)
kald?d (participle past)

Old English: cealdian, *caldian
Middle English: colden, calden, chelden, kelden
Yola: coale

Old Saxon: kaldōn

Middle Low German: kolden

Old Dutch: *kaldon
Middle Dutch: couden
Dutch: kouden, kouwen

Old High German: kaltēn

Middle High German: kalten

From Proto-Germanic *kaldāną. Equivalent to *kald (“cold”) + *-ēn.


þorʀēn

þorʀēn (infinitive)
þorʀēnijas (genitive infinitive)
þorʀēnijē (dative infinitive)
þorʀēniju (infinitive instrumental)
þorʀē (first-person present singular)
þorʀ?dā (first-person past singular)
þorʀēs (present second-person singular)
þorʀ?dēs (past second-person singular)
þorʀēþ (present singular third-person)
þorʀ?dē (past singular third-person)
þorʀ?dā (past singular third-person)
þorʀēm (first-person plural present)
þorʀ?dum (first-person past plural)
þorʀēþ (plural present second-person)
þorʀ?dud (past plural second-person)
þorʀēnþ (plural present third-person)
þorʀ?dun (past plural third-person)
þorʀ?dī (first-person past singular)
þorʀ?dī (past second-person singular)
þorʀē (present singular third-person)
þorʀ?dī (past singular third-person)
þorʀ?dīm (first-person past plural)
þorʀ?dīd (past plural second-person)
þorʀēn (plural present third-person)
þorʀ?dīn (past plural third-person)
þorʀē (present singular)
þorʀēþ (plural present)
þorʀēndī (participle present)
þorʀ?d (participle past)

Old Saxon: thorron

Old Dutch: *thorron
Middle Dutch: dorren
Dutch: dorren

Old High German: *dorrēn

Middle High German: dorren

German: dorren

From Proto-Germanic *þurzāną. Equivalent to *þurʀī (“dry”) + *-ēn.


þarbu

þarbu (nominative singular)
þarbō (nominative plural)
þarbā (accusative singular)
þarbā (accusative plural)
þarbā (genitive singular)
þarbō (genitive plural)
þarbē (dative singular)
þarbōm (dative plural)
þarbum (dative plural)
þarbu (instrumental singular)
þarbōm (instrumental plural)
þarbum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þearf
Middle English: thearf, therf

Old Saxon: tharf

Middle Low German: bedarf

→ German: Bedarf

→ Saterland Frisian: Bedarf

Old High German: darba


grundilā

grundilā (nominative singular)
grundilōn (nominative plural)
grundilōn (accusative singular)
grundilōn (accusative plural)
grundilōn (genitive singular)
grundilōnō (genitive plural)
grundilōn (dative singular)
grundilōm (dative plural)
grundilum (dative plural)
grundilōn (instrumental singular)
grundilōm (instrumental plural)
grundilum (instrumental plural)

Old English: gryndle

Middle English: grundel

English: grundel

Old Saxon: *grundila

Middle Low German: grundele, gründele

Old Dutch: *grundila
Middle Dutch: grondele, grondel
Dutch: grondel

Old High German: gruntila

Middle High German: grundel

German: Grundel

Luxembourgish: Grondel


aþal

aþal (nominative singular)
aþalu (nominative plural)
aþal (accusative singular)
aþalu (accusative plural)
aþalas (genitive singular)
aþalō (genitive plural)
aþalē (dative singular)
aþalum (dative plural)
aþalu (instrumental singular)
aþalum (instrumental plural)

Old English: æþele

Old Frisian: *athel, *ethel

Saterland Frisian: Oadel

West Frisian: adel

Old Saxon: *athal

Middle Low German: adel, adele, addel
Low German: Adel
Westphalian:
Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: iadel
→ Norwegian: adel
→ Swedish: adel
→ Finnish: aateli

Old Dutch: *athal

Middle Dutch: adel

Dutch: adel
Afrikaans: adel
→ Estonian: aadel
→ Javanese: adhel
→ Papiamentu: adel

Old High German: adal

Middle High German: adel

German: Adel
→ Estonian: aadel

Yiddish: אַדל (adl)


ōþil

ōþil (nominative singular)
ōþilō (nominative plural)
ōþilōs (nominative plural)
ōþil (accusative singular)
ōþilā (accusative plural)
ōþilas (genitive singular)
ōþilō (genitive plural)
ōþilē (dative singular)
ōþilum (dative plural)
ōþilu (instrumental singular)
ōþilum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ēþel, œ̄þel, œ̄ðel (Anglian), ǣþel, eðel, *ᛟᚦᛖᛚ (*œþel)(Please either change this template to or insert a ====Descendants==== section in eþel)

Old English: ēþel, œ̄þel, œ̄ðel (Anglian), ǣþel, eðel, *ᛟᚦᛖᛚ (*œþel)(Please either change this template to {{desc}} or insert a ====Descendants==== section in eþel)

Old Frisian: ēthel

Old Saxon: ōthil

Old High German: uodil


blasā

blasā (nominative singular)
blasōn (nominative plural)
blasōn (accusative singular)
blasōn (accusative plural)
blasōn (genitive singular)
blasōnō (genitive plural)
blasōn (dative singular)
blasōm (dative plural)
blasum (dative plural)
blasōn (instrumental singular)
blasōm (instrumental plural)
blasum (instrumental plural)

Old English: blase, blæse
Middle English: blase, blese, blaese, blease (Early Middle English)
English: blaze
Scots: bleize, blase, blese, bleise, bleis, bleeze
Yola: blaze, bleaze, blease

From Proto-Germanic *blasǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“shiny, white”).


siukī

siukī (nominative singular)
siukīn (accusative singular)
siukīn (genitive singular)
siukīn (dative singular)
siukīn (instrumental singular)

Old Saxon: siuki (?)

Middle Low German: suke

Low German: Süük

desctree

Old High German: siuhhī
Middle High German: siuche
Alemannic German: Siechi
German: Seuche
→ Luxembourgish: Seuch

From Proto-Germanic *siukį̄. Equivalent to *seuk (“sick”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).


aiwiþu

aiwiþu (nominative singular)
aiwiþō (nominative plural)
aiwiþā (accusative singular)
aiwiþā (accusative plural)
aiwiþā (genitive singular)
aiwiþō (genitive plural)
aiwiþē (dative singular)
aiwiþōm (dative plural)
aiwiþum (dative plural)
aiwiþu (instrumental singular)
aiwiþōm (instrumental plural)
aiwiþum (instrumental plural)

Old Dutch: ēwitha

Old High German: ēwida

Middle High German: ēwede

From Proto-Germanic *aiwiþō. Equivalent to *aiw (“long time, eternity”) + *-iþu (abstract noun suffix).


wardahūs

wardahūs (nominative singular)
wardahūsu (nominative plural)
wardahūs (accusative singular)
wardahūsu (accusative plural)
wardahūsas (genitive singular)
wardahūsō (genitive plural)
wardahūsē (dative singular)
wardahūsum (dative plural)
wardahūsu (instrumental singular)
wardahūsum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *wardhūs

Middle Low German: wardehūs

Old High German: warthūs

Middle High German: warthūs

German: Warthaus (archaic)

From Proto-Germanic *wardahūsą. Equivalent to *ward + *hūs.


traustalaus

traustalaus (masculine nominative singular)
traustalausu (feminine nominative singular)
traustalaus (neuter nominative singular)
traustalausanā (accusative masculine singular)
traustalausā (accusative feminine singular)
traustalaus (accusative neuter singular)
traustalausas (genitive masculine singular)
traustalauseʀā (feminine genitive singular)
traustalausas (genitive neuter singular)
traustalausumē (dative masculine singular)
traustalauseʀē (dative feminine singular)
traustalausumē (dative neuter singular)
traustalausu (instrumental masculine singular)
traustalauseʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
traustalausu (instrumental neuter singular)
traustalausē (masculine nominative plural)
traustalausō (feminine nominative plural)
traustalausu (neuter nominative plural)
traustalausā (accusative masculine plural)
traustalausā (accusative feminine plural)
traustalausu (accusative neuter plural)
traustalauseʀō (genitive masculine plural)
traustalauseʀō (feminine genitive plural)
traustalauseʀō (genitive neuter plural)
traustalausēm (dative masculine plural)
traustalausum (dative masculine plural)
traustalausēm (dative feminine plural)
traustalausum (dative feminine plural)
traustalausēm (dative neuter plural)
traustalausum (dative neuter plural)
traustalausēm (instrumental masculine plural)
traustalausum (instrumental masculine plural)
traustalausēm (feminine instrumental plural)
traustalausum (feminine instrumental plural)
traustalausēm (instrumental neuter plural)
traustalausum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Saxon: *trōstlōs

Middle Low German: trōstlōs

Old High German: trōstolōs

Middle High German: trōstolōs

German: trostlos

From Proto-Germanic *traustalausaz. Equivalent to *traust + *-laus.


wīgalīk

wīgalīk (masculine nominative singular)
wīgalīku (feminine nominative singular)
wīgalīk (neuter nominative singular)
wīgalīkanā (accusative masculine singular)
wīgalīkā (accusative feminine singular)
wīgalīk (accusative neuter singular)
wīgalīkas (genitive masculine singular)
wīgalīkeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
wīgalīkas (genitive neuter singular)
wīgalīkumē (dative masculine singular)
wīgalīkeʀē (dative feminine singular)
wīgalīkumē (dative neuter singular)
wīgalīku (instrumental masculine singular)
wīgalīkeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
wīgalīku (instrumental neuter singular)
wīgalīkē (masculine nominative plural)
wīgalīkō (feminine nominative plural)
wīgalīku (neuter nominative plural)
wīgalīkā (accusative masculine plural)
wīgalīkā (accusative feminine plural)
wīgalīku (accusative neuter plural)
wīgalīkeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
wīgalīkeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
wīgalīkeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
wīgalīkēm (dative masculine plural)
wīgalīkum (dative masculine plural)
wīgalīkēm (dative feminine plural)
wīgalīkum (dative feminine plural)
wīgalīkēm (dative neuter plural)
wīgalīkum (dative neuter plural)
wīgalīkēm (instrumental masculine plural)
wīgalīkum (instrumental masculine plural)
wīgalīkēm (feminine instrumental plural)
wīgalīkum (feminine instrumental plural)
wīgalīkēm (instrumental neuter plural)
wīgalīkum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Saxon: *wīglīk

⇒ Old Saxon: unwīglīk

Old High German: wīglīh

From Proto-Germanic *wīgalīkaz. Equivalent to *wīg + *-līk.


arbaidijan

arbaidijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
arbaidijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
arbaidijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
arbaidijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
arbaidiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
arbaididā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
arbaidisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
arbaididēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
arbaididōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
arbaidiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
arbaididē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
arbaididā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
arbaidijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
arbaididum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
arbaidiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
arbaididud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
arbaidijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
arbaididun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
arbaidijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
arbaididī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
arbaidijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
arbaididī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
arbaidijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
arbaididī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
arbaidijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
arbaididīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
arbaidijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
arbaididīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
arbaidijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
arbaididīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
arbaidi (class-1 present singular weak)
arbaidiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
arbaidijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
arbaidid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old Saxon: arvēdian (“to offer”)
Middle Low German: arbeiden (“to work”)
Low German: arbeiden, arbaiden
→ Danish: arbejde
→ Faroese: arbeiða
→ Norwegian: arbeide, arbeida
→ Old Swedish: arbeida, arbeta
Swedish: arbeta

Old Dutch: *arveiden, *arbeiden (attested as arvithen)

Middle Dutch: arbeiden

Dutch: arbeiden

Old High German: arabeiten, arbeiten

Middle High German: arebeiten, arbeiten

desc

Bavarian: arwadn, arweddn, oaweddn, oaweitn, oaweidn, orbeita

Cimbrian: arbatn, èrbatan (Sette Comuni)

Kölsch: arbigge

German: arbeiten

Yiddish: אַרבעטן (arbetn)

From Proto-Germanic *arbaidijaną. Equivalent to *arbaiþi + *-jan.


Friþugaiʀ

Friþugaiʀ (nominative singular)
Friþugaiʀ (accusative singular)
Friþugaiʀā (accusative plural)
Friþugaiʀas (genitive singular)
Friþugaiʀō (genitive plural)
Friþugaiʀē (dative singular)
Friþugaiʀum (dative plural)
Friþugaiʀu (instrumental singular)
Friþugaiʀum (instrumental plural)

Old English: Friþugār, Freoþegār, Freoþogār (Mercian), Friþogār

Old High German: Frithugēr, Fridugēr

German: Fridger, Friedger, Friedeger

→ Latin: Fredegarus

French: Frédégaire

Italian: Fredegario

Greek: Φρεδέγαρος (Fredégaros)


hwītī

hwītī (nominative singular)
hwītīn (accusative singular)
hwītīn (genitive singular)
hwītīn (dative singular)
hwītīn (instrumental singular)

Old High German: wīzī

Middle High German: wīze

German: Weiße

From Proto-Germanic *hwītį̄. Equivalent to *hwīt (“white”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).


wagā

wagā (nominative singular)
wagōn (nominative plural)
wagōn (accusative singular)
wagōn (accusative plural)
wagōn (genitive singular)
wagōnō (genitive plural)
wagōn (dative singular)
wagōm (dative plural)
wagum (dative plural)
wagōn (instrumental singular)
wagōm (instrumental plural)
wagum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: waga

Middle Low German: wege

Old High German: waga

Middle High German: wage

German: Wage (archaic)


wāgu

wāgu (nominative singular)
wāgō (nominative plural)
wāgā (accusative singular)
wāgā (accusative plural)
wāgā (genitive singular)
wāgō (genitive plural)
wāgē (dative singular)
wāgōm (dative plural)
wāgum (dative plural)
wāgu (instrumental singular)
wāgōm (instrumental plural)
wāgum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wǣġ

Middle English: wei, weie

English: wey

Old Saxon: wāga

Middle Low German: wâge

German Low German: Waag

desctree

Old Dutch: wāga
Middle Dutch: wâge
Dutch: waag

Old High German: wāga
Middle High German: wāge
German: Waage
Luxembourgish: Wo
Yiddish: וואָג (vog)
→ Czech: váhy, váha
→ Old Polish: waga
Polish: waga, wága (Kielce, Przemyśl)
→ Kashubian: wôga
→ Russian: ва́га (vága)
→ Slovincian: wogha
→ Ukrainian: ва́га (váha)
→ Belarusian: ва́гі (váhi)
Silesian: wŏga
→ Serbo-Croatian: vaga
→ Macedonian: ва́га (vága)
→ Slovak: váhy, váha
→ Slovene: vaga


mundrī

mundrī (nominative singular)
mundrīn (accusative singular)
mundrīn (genitive singular)
mundrīn (dative singular)
mundrīn (instrumental singular)

Old High German: muntarī, muntrī

From Proto-Germanic *mundrį̄. Equivalent to *mundr (“jealous, eager”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).


hūkan

hūkan (infinitive)
hūkannjas (genitive infinitive)
hūkannjē (dative infinitive)
hūkannju (infinitive instrumental)
hūku (first-person present singular)
hauk (first-person past singular)
hūkiʀi (present second-person singular)
hukī (past second-person singular)
hūkidi (present singular third-person)
hauk (past singular third-person)
hūkum (first-person plural present)
hukum (first-person past plural)
hūkid (plural present second-person)
hukud (past plural second-person)
hūkand (plural present third-person)
hukun (past plural third-person)
hūkē (first-person present singular)
hukī (first-person past singular)
hūkēs (present second-person singular)
hūkē (present singular third-person)
hukī (past singular third-person)
hūkēm (first-person plural present)
hukīm (first-person past plural)
hūkēþ (plural present second-person)
hukīd (past plural second-person)
hūkēn (plural present third-person)
hukīn (past plural third-person)
hūk (present singular)
hūkid (plural present)
hūkandī (participle present)
hokan (participle past)

Westphalian: hûken

Old Dutch: *hūkan

Middle Dutch: hūken

Dutch: huiken

Old High German: hūhhan

Middle High German: hūchen


wīgamann

wīgamann (nominative singular)
wīgamanni (nominative plural)
wīgamannu (accusative singular)
wīgamanni (accusative plural)
wīgamanni (genitive singular)
wīgamannō (genitive plural)
wīgamanni (dative singular)
wīgamannum (dative plural)
wīgamanni (instrumental singular)
wīgamannum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wīgmann

Old Saxon: wīgman

Old High German: wīgman

Middle High German: wīcman

From Proto-Germanic *wīgamann-. Equivalent to *wīg + *mann.


wardamann

wardamann (nominative singular)
wardamanni (nominative plural)
wardamannu (accusative singular)
wardamanni (accusative plural)
wardamanni (genitive singular)
wardamannō (genitive plural)
wardamanni (dative singular)
wardamannum (dative plural)
wardamanni (instrumental singular)
wardamannum (instrumental plural)

Old English: weardmann

Middle English: wardman

English: wardsman

Old Saxon: *wardman

Middle Low German: wardeman

Old High German: wartman

Middle High German: wartman

German: Wartmann (archaic)

From Proto-Germanic *wardamann-. Equivalent to *ward + *mann.


unholþō

unholþō (nominative singular)
unholþan (nominative plural)
unholþan (accusative singular)
unholþan (accusative plural)
unhulþini (genitive singular)
unholþan (genitive singular)
unholþanō (genitive plural)
unhulþini (dative singular)
unholþan (dative singular)
unholþum (dative plural)
unhulþini (instrumental singular)
unholþan (instrumental singular)
unholþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: unholda

Old Saxon: unholdo

Old Dutch: unholdo

Middle Dutch: onhoude

Dutch: onhoud

Old High German: unholdo

Middle High German: unholde

German: Unhold


-ī

-ī (nominative singular)
-īn (accusative singular)
-īn (genitive singular)
-īn (dative singular)
-īn (instrumental singular)

Old English: -u (even after long syllables, e.g. ieldu, brǣdu)

Middle English: -e

Old Frisian: -e

North Frisian: -e

Saterland Frisian: -e

Old Saxon: -i

Middle Low German: -e

Old Dutch: *-i

Middle Dutch: -e

Dutch: -e

Old High German: -ī

Middle High German: -e

German: -e

-ness, -th. Forms abstract nouns from adjectives which represent the state, quality or measure of the adjective.


-ī

-ī (masculine nominative singular)
-iju (feminine nominative singular)
-ī (neuter nominative singular)
-ijanā (accusative masculine singular)
-ijā (accusative feminine singular)
-ī (accusative neuter singular)
-ijas (genitive masculine singular)
-ijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
-ijas (genitive neuter singular)
-ijumē (dative masculine singular)
-ijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
-ijumē (dative neuter singular)
-iju (instrumental masculine singular)
-ijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
-iju (instrumental neuter singular)
-ijē (masculine nominative plural)
-ijō (feminine nominative plural)
-iju (neuter nominative plural)
-ijā (accusative masculine plural)
-ijā (accusative feminine plural)
-iju (accusative neuter plural)
-ijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
-ijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
-ijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
-ijēm (dative masculine plural)
-ijum (dative masculine plural)
-ijēm (dative feminine plural)
-ijum (dative feminine plural)
-ijēm (dative neuter plural)
-ijum (dative neuter plural)
-ijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
-ijum (instrumental masculine plural)
-ijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
-ijum (feminine instrumental plural)
-ijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
-ijum (instrumental neuter plural)


burþī

burþī (nominative singular)
burþīn (accusative singular)
burþīn (genitive singular)
burþīn (dative singular)
burþīn (instrumental singular)

Old English: byrd

Old Frisian: berthe, berde

Old Saxon: burthi

Middle Low German: borde, bōrde, börde

Low German: Böörd

Old Dutch: *burthi, *burtha

Middle Dutch: borde

Dutch: borde

Old High German: burdī

Middle High German: burde, bürde

Alemannic German: Burdi

German: Bürde


wargini

wargini (nominative singular)
wargunnjō (nominative plural)
wargunnjā (accusative singular)
wargunnjā (accusative plural)
wargunnjā (genitive singular)
wargunnjō (genitive plural)
wargunnjē (dative singular)
wargunnjōm (dative plural)
wargunnjum (dative plural)
wargunnju (instrumental singular)
wargunnjōm (instrumental plural)
wargunnjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wierġen

From Proto-Germanic *warginī. Equivalent to *warg + *-ini.


skipamann

skipamann (nominative singular)
skipamanni (nominative plural)
skipamannu (accusative singular)
skipamanni (accusative plural)
skipamanni (genitive singular)
skipamannō (genitive plural)
skipamanni (dative singular)
skipamannum (dative plural)
skipamanni (instrumental singular)
skipamannum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: sċipmann
Middle English: schipman, chipman, schip man, schippeman, schypmanne, shipman, shipmon, shippeman, shippman, shypman, ssipman, szipman, scipmon, sipman (Early Middle English)
English: shipman
Middle Scots: schipman

Old Frisian: skipmann, skipmonn

North Frisian: scipman

Saterland Frisian: scipman

Old Saxon: *skipman

Middle Low German: schipman

Old High German: scifman

Middle High German: schifman

German: Schiffmann

From Proto-Germanic *skipamann-. Equivalent to *skip (“ship”) + *mann (“man”).


þunrōn

þunrōn (infinitive)
þunrōnijas (genitive infinitive)
þunrōnijē (dative infinitive)
þunrōniju (infinitive instrumental)
þunrō (first-person present singular)
þunrōdā (first-person past singular)
þunrōs (present second-person singular)
þunrōdēs (past second-person singular)
þunrōdōs (past second-person singular)
þunrōþ (present singular third-person)
þunrōdē (past singular third-person)
þunrōdā (past singular third-person)
þunrōm (first-person plural present)
þunrōdum (first-person past plural)
þunrōþ (plural present second-person)
þunrōdud (past plural second-person)
þunrōnþ (plural present third-person)
þunrōdun (past plural third-person)
þunrōdī (first-person past singular)
þunrōdī (past second-person singular)
þunrō (present singular third-person)
þunrōdī (past singular third-person)
þunrōdīm (first-person past plural)
þunrōdīd (past plural second-person)
þunrōn (plural present third-person)
þunrōdīn (past plural third-person)
þunrō (present singular)
þunrōþ (plural present)
þunrōndī (participle present)
þunrōd (participle past)

Old English: þunrian

Middle English: thonder

English: thunder

Old Saxon: *thonarōn

Middle Low German: donern

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: dundre

→ Norwegian Bokmål: dundre

→ Swedish: dundra

Old Dutch: *thuneron
Middle Dutch: donren, donneren, donderen
Dutch: donderen

Old High German: donarōn

Middle High German: donnern

German: donnern

From Proto-Germanic *þunrōną. Equivalent to *þunr (“thunder”) + *-ōn.


ganeutan

ganeutan (infinitive)
ganeutannjas (genitive infinitive)
ganeutannjē (dative infinitive)
ganeutannju (infinitive instrumental)
ganeutu (first-person present singular)
ganaut (first-person past singular)
ganiutiʀi (present second-person singular)
ganutī (past second-person singular)
ganiutidi (present singular third-person)
ganaut (past singular third-person)
ganeutum (first-person plural present)
ganutum (first-person past plural)
ganiutid (plural present second-person)
ganutud (past plural second-person)
ganeutand (plural present third-person)
ganutun (past plural third-person)
ganeutē (first-person present singular)
ganutī (first-person past singular)
ganeutēs (present second-person singular)
ganeutē (present singular third-person)
ganutī (past singular third-person)
ganeutēm (first-person plural present)
ganutīm (first-person past plural)
ganeutēþ (plural present second-person)
ganutīd (past plural second-person)
ganeutēn (plural present third-person)
ganutīn (past plural third-person)
ganiut (present singular)
ganiutid (plural present)
ganeutandī (participle present)
ganotan (participle past)

Old Saxon: giniotan

desc

Middle Low German: genêten, gnêten, genîten

German Low German: geneten

→ Saterland Frisian: genäite

desctree

Old Dutch: ginietan
Middle Dutch: genieten
Dutch: genieten
Limburgish: genete

Old High German: giniozan

Middle High German: geniezen

German: genießen

Luxembourgish: genéissen

Yiddish: געניסן (genisn)

From Proto-Germanic *ganeutaną. Equivalent to *ga- + *neutan.


neutan

neutan (infinitive)
neutannjas (genitive infinitive)
neutannjē (dative infinitive)
neutannju (infinitive instrumental)
neutu (first-person present singular)
naut (first-person past singular)
niutiʀi (present second-person singular)
nutī (past second-person singular)
niutidi (present singular third-person)
naut (past singular third-person)
neutum (first-person plural present)
nutum (first-person past plural)
niutid (plural present second-person)
nutud (past plural second-person)
neutand (plural present third-person)
nutun (past plural third-person)
neutē (first-person present singular)
nutī (first-person past singular)
neutēs (present second-person singular)
neutē (present singular third-person)
nutī (past singular third-person)
neutēm (first-person plural present)
nutīm (first-person past plural)
neutēþ (plural present second-person)
nutīd (past plural second-person)
neutēn (plural present third-person)
nutīn (past plural third-person)
niut (present singular)
niutid (plural present)
neutandī (participle present)
notan (participle past)

Old English: nēotan

Middle English: neoten (in derivatives)

Old Frisian: niāta, nieta

Old Saxon: niotan

Middle Low German: nēten

Old Dutch: nietan
Middle Dutch: nieten
Dutch: nieten (obsolete)
Limburgish: nete

Old High German: niozan, nioȥȥan — early
Middle High German: nieȥen
German: nießen


unnuti

unnutī (masculine nominative singular)
unnutiju (feminine nominative singular)
unnutī (neuter nominative singular)
unnutijanā (accusative masculine singular)
unnutijā (accusative feminine singular)
unnutī (accusative neuter singular)
unnutijas (genitive masculine singular)
unnutijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
unnutijas (genitive neuter singular)
unnutijumē (dative masculine singular)
unnutijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
unnutijumē (dative neuter singular)
unnutiju (instrumental masculine singular)
unnutijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
unnutiju (instrumental neuter singular)
unnutijē (masculine nominative plural)
unnutijō (feminine nominative plural)
unnutiju (neuter nominative plural)
unnutijā (accusative masculine plural)
unnutijā (accusative feminine plural)
unnutiju (accusative neuter plural)
unnutijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
unnutijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
unnutijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
unnutijēm (dative masculine plural)
unnutijum (dative masculine plural)
unnutijēm (dative feminine plural)
unnutijum (dative feminine plural)
unnutijēm (dative neuter plural)
unnutijum (dative neuter plural)
unnutijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
unnutijum (instrumental masculine plural)
unnutijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
unnutijum (feminine instrumental plural)
unnutijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
unnutijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: unnytt

Old Frisian: unnett

Old High German: unnuzzi

Middle High German: unnutze

German: unnütz

From Proto-Germanic *unnutiz. Equivalent to *un- + *nuti.


paddā

paddā (nominative singular)
paddōn (nominative plural)
paddōn (accusative singular)
paddōn (accusative plural)
paddōn (genitive singular)
paddōnō (genitive plural)
paddōn (dative singular)
paddōm (dative plural)
paddum (dative plural)
paddōn (instrumental singular)
paddōm (instrumental plural)
paddum (instrumental plural)

Old English: padde

Middle English: padde, pade

English: pad; poade, pode

Scots: pade, pad; podde, pode

Old Frisian: padde

Saterland Frisian: Pudde

West Frisian: padde, podde, podd, pod

Old Saxon: *padda

Middle Low German: padde, pedde

Low German: Padde, Pudde

→ German: Padde

Old Dutch: *padda
Middle Dutch: padde, pedde
Dutch: pad
Afrikaans: padda

→ Vulgar Latin: *padda, *podda, *potta

Old French: bot

⇒ Old French: boterel

Italian: botta


jestu

jestu (nominative singular)
jistiwi (nominative plural)
jestō (nominative plural)
jestu (accusative singular)
jestū (accusative plural)
jestō (genitive singular)
jistiwō (genitive plural)
jistiwi (dative singular)
jestō (dative singular)
jestum (dative plural)
jestu (instrumental singular)
jestum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġiest, ġist, ġyst

Middle English: yeest

Scots: yest

English: yeast

Old Frisian: *gest, *jest

Saterland Frisian: Gääst, Jääst

West Frisian: gêst, gist

Old Saxon: *gest

Middle Low German: gest

German Low German: Geste, Gest, Gist

→ German: Gest (northern Germany)

Old Dutch: *gest, *gist

Middle Dutch: gest, gist
Dutch: gist
Afrikaans: gis
Limburgish: ges

Old High German: *jest, *gest

Middle High German: jest, gest

Alemannic German: Jëst

German: Gischt, Jast, Jäst

From Proto-Germanic *jestuz. Equivalent to *jesan (“to ferment”) + *-þu.


duhtīg

duhtīg (masculine nominative singular)
duhtīgu (feminine nominative singular)
duhtīg (neuter nominative singular)
duhtīganā (accusative masculine singular)
duhtīgā (accusative feminine singular)
duhtīg (accusative neuter singular)
duhtīgas (genitive masculine singular)
duhtīgeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
duhtīgas (genitive neuter singular)
duhtīgumē (dative masculine singular)
duhtīgeʀē (dative feminine singular)
duhtīgumē (dative neuter singular)
duhtīgu (instrumental masculine singular)
duhtīgeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
duhtīgu (instrumental neuter singular)
duhtīgē (masculine nominative plural)
duhtīgō (feminine nominative plural)
duhtīgu (neuter nominative plural)
duhtīgā (accusative masculine plural)
duhtīgā (accusative feminine plural)
duhtīgu (accusative neuter plural)
duhtīgeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
duhtīgeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
duhtīgeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
duhtīgēm (dative masculine plural)
duhtīgum (dative masculine plural)
duhtīgēm (dative feminine plural)
duhtīgum (dative feminine plural)
duhtīgēm (dative neuter plural)
duhtīgum (dative neuter plural)
duhtīgēm (instrumental masculine plural)
duhtīgum (instrumental masculine plural)
duhtīgēm (feminine instrumental plural)
duhtīgum (feminine instrumental plural)
duhtīgēm (instrumental neuter plural)
duhtīgum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: dyhtiġ, dohtiġ, dihtiġ
Middle English: doughty, dogheti, doghte, doghti, doghuti, doȝti, doȝty, dohty, dohuthi, dohuti, douchti, dougheti, doughety, douȝcti, douȝthi, douȝti, douȝty, douhte, douhti, douhty, dousti, douthi, douti, dowghty, dowȝti, dowȝty, dowsty, dowty, duchti, dughti, duȝte, duȝti, duȝty, duhtie, duthi, dohti, duhhtiȝ, duhti, duhtiȝ (Early Middle English)
English: doughty
Scots: douchty, douchtie

Old Saxon: *duhtig

Middle Low German: duchtich

→ Norwegian: dyktig

→ Danish: dygtig

→ Swedish: duktig

Old Dutch: *duhtig

Middle Dutch: duchtich

Dutch: duchtig

Old High German: *tuhtig

Middle High German: tühtec

German: tüchtig

Luxembourgish: dichteg


hagō

hagō (nominative singular)
hagan (nominative plural)
hagan (accusative singular)
hagan (accusative plural)
hagini (genitive singular)
hagan (genitive singular)
haganō (genitive plural)
hagini (dative singular)
hagan (dative singular)
hagum (dative plural)
hagini (instrumental singular)
hagan (instrumental singular)
hagum (instrumental plural)
*hag (alternative)

Old English: haga
Middle English: hawe, haȝe, haue, hahe, haw, hawghe
English: haw
Scots: haw
Yola: haeve

Old Frisian: *haga; *hach

Saterland Frisian: Hoage

West Frisian: haach

Old Saxon: hago

Middle Low German: hāge

Old Dutch: *hago

Middle Dutch: hāge, haghe
Dutch: haag

i

< <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmw-pro">*hag</i>

perhaps attested as <i class="Latn mention" lang="goh">hage</i>

Old High German: hag (< *hag), *hago (perhaps attested as hage)

Middle High German: hac

Alemannic German: Hag, Haag

German: Hag

q

merged with <i class="Latn mention" lang="goh">hagan</i>

⇒ Middle High German: hage (merged with hagan)

Luxembourgish: Ho


barī

barī (nominative singular)
barijō (nominative plural)
barijōs (nominative plural)
barī (accusative singular)
barijā (accusative plural)
barijas (genitive singular)
barijō (genitive plural)
barijē (dative singular)
barijum (dative plural)
bariju (instrumental singular)
barijum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: bere
Middle English: bere, bare, ber (both rare)
English: bere, bear
Middle Scots: bere, beir, bair, bear
Scots: bear, bere

⇒ Old English: bærlīċ
Middle English: barly, barlie, barlich, barlych, barlyche, barleche, barlick, barlykke, bareliche, berley
English: barley
Scots: barlie
Yola: baarich, barich, barish, barach, barlich

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰers-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *baraz.


-þr

-þr (nominative singular)
-þru (nominative plural)
-þr (accusative singular)
-þru (accusative plural)
-þras (genitive singular)
-þrō (genitive plural)
-þrē (dative singular)
-þrum (dative plural)
-þru (instrumental singular)
-þrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: -þor

Old Frisian: -ther

Old Saxon: *thar

Middle Low German: -der

Old Dutch: *-thar, *-dar, *-der

Middle Dutch: -der

Old High German: -dar

Middle High German: -der

Forms nouns denoting a tool or instrument.


baʀi

baʀi (nominative singular)
baʀju (nominative plural)
baʀi (accusative singular)
baʀju (accusative plural)
baʀjas (genitive singular)
baʀjō (genitive plural)
baʀjē (dative singular)
baʀjum (dative plural)
baʀju (instrumental singular)
baʀjum (instrumental plural)
*basi (alternative)

Old English: berġe, berie, beriġe
Middle English: berye, berȝe, berie, bery, byry, beriye
English: berry
Scots: berie, bery, berrie, berry
⇒ Yola: kraanberry

Old Frisian: *berie

Saterland Frisian: Bäie

q

West Frisian: bei (possibly from Dutch, ultimately from Old French and bāca)

Old Saxon: beri

Middle Low German: bere

German Low German: Beer

Plautdietsch: Bäa

Old Dutch: *beri

Middle Dutch: bere

Dutch: bère, bèr (dialectal)

West Flemish: beier

desctree

Old High German: beri
Middle High German: ber
Alemannic German: Berri
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: per
Mòcheno: per
German: Beere
Hunsrik: Beer
Luxembourgish: Bier
Pennsylvania German: Beer
Vilamovian: bjēr


kirsijā

kirsijā (nominative singular)
kirsijōn (nominative plural)
kirsijōn (accusative singular)
kirsijōn (accusative plural)
kirsijōn (genitive singular)
kirsijōnō (genitive plural)
kirsijōn (dative singular)
kirsijōm (dative plural)
kirsijum (dative plural)
kirsijōn (instrumental singular)
kirsijōm (instrumental plural)
kirsijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ċirse

Old Frisian: *tzerse

Saterland Frisian: Säärse

Old Saxon: *kirsa

Middle Low German: kerse

Dutch Low Saxon: kaars, kaarze

German Low German: Kars

Plautdietsch: Kjoasch

→ Finnish: kirsikka

→ Latvian: ķirsis

⇒ Middle Low German: kersebere

→ Old Norse: *kirsuber

Faroese: kirsuber

Icelandic: kirsuber

Norwegian Bokmål: kirsebær

Norwegian Nynorsk: kirsebær

Swedish: körsbär

Danish: kirsebær

Old Dutch: *kirsa
Middle Dutch: kerse
Dutch: kers (see there for further descendants)
Limburgish: kèrs, kaes, kees

Old High German: kirsa, chirsa, kersa, kirs
Middle High German: kirse, kërse
Alemannic German: Chirsi, Chirschi
Bavarian: Kiaschn
Cimbrian: khèrsch, khèersa (Sette Comuni)
Kölsch: Körsche
German: Kirsche, Kersche (archaic or dialectal)
→ Estonian: kirss
Luxembourgish: Kiischt, Kiisch
Rhine Franconian:
Hessian: Kesch
Pennsylvania German: Kasch
Vilamovian: kjyś
Yiddish: קאַרש (karsh)

→? Proto-Slavic: *čèršьňa (see there for further descendants)

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache


wīnabaʀi

wīnabaʀi (nominative singular)
wīnabaʀju (nominative plural)
wīnabaʀi (accusative singular)
wīnabaʀju (accusative plural)
wīnabaʀjas (genitive singular)
wīnabaʀjō (genitive plural)
wīnabaʀjē (dative singular)
wīnabaʀjum (dative plural)
wīnabaʀju (instrumental singular)
wīnabaʀjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wīnberġe, wīnberie f; wīnbeġer n
Middle English: winberie, winberi, wynberie, wynberiȝ, wyneberie, wynneberie
English: wineberry; whimberry, whinberry, wimberry, winberry, windberry

Old Frisian: *wīnberie

Saterland Frisian: Wienbäie

West Frisian: wynbei

Old Saxon: wīnberi

Middle Low German: wînbēre

German Low German: Wienbeer

Old Dutch: *wīnberi

Middle Dutch: wijnbere

Dutch: wijnbeer, wiemer

Old High German: wīnberi

Middle High German: wīnbere, wīnber

German: Weinbeere

From Proto-Germanic *wīnabazją. Equivalent to *wīn (“wine”) + *baʀi (“berry”).


applu

applu (nominative singular)
appliwi (nominative plural)
applō (nominative plural)
applu (accusative singular)
applū (accusative plural)
applō (genitive singular)
appliwō (genitive plural)
appliwi (dative singular)
applō (dative singular)
applum (dative plural)
applu (instrumental singular)
applum (instrumental plural)

Old English: æppel, apl, appel, æppyl
Middle English: appel, apple, appyl, appyll, appil, appill, appell, eppel, appul, appull, appulle, eappel, æppel, æpple, eappel (Early Middle English)
English: apple (see there for further descendants)
Scots: aipple

Old Frisian: appel
North Frisian:
Föhr, Hallig: aapel
Helgoland: Oapel
Mooring: ååpel
Saterland Frisian: Appel, Apel
West Frisian: apel

Old Saxon: appel, appul, apl
Middle Low German: appel
German Low German: Appel
→ German: Appel (colloquial, regional)
Plautdietsch: Aupel

desc

Old Dutch: *appel, ephela (pl.), apheles (gen.sg.)

desctree

Middle Dutch: appel, āpel
Dutch: appel (see there for further descendants)
Limburgish: appel

Old High German: apful, aphul, apfol, afful, *appul — central
Middle High German: apfel, epfel, öpfel, appel
Alemannic German: Öpfel, Apfel
Alsatian: Àpfel, Epfel
Italian Walser: effél, epfel, epfil, öpfil
Swabian: Ebfl
Bavarian: Åpfe
Cimbrian: oupfal, öpfel, öpfl
Mòcheno: epfl
Udinese: eipfele, epfl
Central Franconian: Appel
Hunsrik: Eppel
Luxembourgish: Apel
East Central German:
Upper Saxon German: Abbel, Appel
Vilamovian: epuł
German: Apfel
Rhine Franconian:
Hessian: Àbbel, Ebbel, Abbel
Pennsylvania German: Abbel, Appel
Yiddish: עפּל (epl)


appluwīn

appluwīn (nominative singular)
appluwīnu (nominative plural)
appluwīn (accusative singular)
appluwīnu (accusative plural)
appluwīnas (genitive singular)
appluwīnō (genitive plural)
appluwīnē (dative singular)
appluwīnum (dative plural)
appluwīnu (instrumental singular)
appluwīnum (instrumental plural)

Old English: æppelwīn
English: apple wine

Old Dutch: *appelwīn

Dutch: appelwijn (or a calque from German)

Afrikaans: appelwyn

Old High German: apfulwīn

German: Apfelwein


erþubaʀi

erþubaʀi (nominative singular)
erþubaʀju (nominative plural)
erþubaʀi (accusative singular)
erþubaʀju (accusative plural)
erþubaʀjas (genitive singular)
erþubaʀjō (genitive plural)
erþubaʀjē (dative singular)
erþubaʀjum (dative plural)
erþubaʀju (instrumental singular)
erþubaʀjum (instrumental plural)

desc

Old English: eorþberġe, eorþberie, eorþberiġe

Old Frisian: *erthberie, *irthberie

Saterland Frisian: Äidbäie

West Frisian: ierdbei

Old Saxon: erthberi

Middle Low German: ērdbēre, ērtbēre

German Low German: Eerdbeei, Eerdjebeei, Eerkebeei

Low German: Erebeie, Eerdbeer

Plautdietsch: Ieedbäa

Old Dutch: *erthberi

Middle Dutch: erdbere

desctree

Dutch: aardbei
Afrikaans: aarbei
→ Indonesian: arbei
→ Papiamentu: artbèi

Old High German: erdberi, erdperi
Middle High German: ërtbere, erdber, ërdeber, ërtber
German: Erdbeere
Hunsrik: Äerdbeer
Luxembourgish: Äerdbier
Mòcheno: eaper

→ English: earthberry (calque)

From Proto-Germanic *erþōbazją. Equivalent to *erþu (“earth”) + *baʀi (“berry”).


mangijan

mangijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
mangijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
mangijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
mangijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
mangiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
mangidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
mangisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
mangidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
mangidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
mangiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
mangidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
mangidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
mangijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
mangidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
mangiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
mangidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
mangijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
mangidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
mangijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
mangidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
mangijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
mangidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
mangijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
mangidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
mangijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
mangidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
mangijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
mangidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
mangijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
mangidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
mangi (class-1 present singular weak)
mangiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
mangijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
mangid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: menġan, mænġan, menċġan
Middle English: mengen
English: meng, ming
Scots: meng, ming
⇒ Middle English: *mengelen
English: mingle

desc

Old Frisian: menga, mengia, mendza, mendzia

Saterland Frisian: moange

West Frisian: minge

Old Saxon: mengian

Middle Low German: mengen

Low German: mengen

→ Old Norse: mengja

Icelandic: menga

Swedish: mänga

Danish: mænge

Old Dutch: *mengen

desctree

Middle Dutch: mengen
Dutch: mengen
Afrikaans: meng
Negerhollands: mengel, mingel
Limburgish: minge

Old High German: mengen

Middle High German: mengen

German: mengen

From Proto-Germanic *mangijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *monk-éye-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *menk- (“to press, knead”). Cognate with Lithuanian mánkyti (“to knead”), Proto-Slavic *mę̑kъkъ (“soft”), and possibly Ancient Greek μάσσω (mássō, “to knead”).


nabulō

nabulō (nominative singular)
nabulan (nominative plural)
nabulan (accusative singular)
nabulan (accusative plural)
nabulini (genitive singular)
nabulan (genitive singular)
nabulanō (genitive plural)
nabulini (dative singular)
nabulan (dative singular)
nabulum (dative plural)
nabulini (instrumental singular)
nabulan (instrumental singular)
nabulum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: nafola, nabula, nafela, navela
Middle English: navel, navele, navill, navyll, navle, naule, nawle, novel, novle, novele, nowle
English: navel
Scots: nyvel

Old Frisian: navla

North Frisian: nawel

Saterland Frisian: Nauel

West Frisian: nâle

Old Saxon: *navalo

Middle Low German: nâvel

German Low German: Naffel

Plautdietsch: Nowel

Old Dutch: *navalo

Middle Dutch: navele, navel

Dutch: navel
Afrikaans: nawel, nauel

Limburgish: navel

Old High German: nabalo, nabulo
Middle High German: nabele, nabel
German: Nabel
Hunsrik: Nawel
Luxembourgish: Nuebel
Vilamovian: nowuł
Yiddish: נאָפּל (nopl)


natilā

natilā (nominative singular)
natilōn (nominative plural)
natilōn (accusative singular)
natilōn (accusative plural)
natilōn (genitive singular)
natilōnō (genitive plural)
natilōn (dative singular)
natilōm (dative plural)
natilum (dative plural)
natilōn (instrumental singular)
natilōm (instrumental plural)
natilum (instrumental plural)

Old English: netele, netle

Middle English: netele, netle, nettle

English: nettle

Scots: nettill

Old Frisian: *netele

Saterland Frisian: Neetele, Neetel

West Frisian: nettel

Old Saxon: netila
Middle Low German: nêtele, nettele, nettel
German Low German:
Westphalian:
Westmünsterländisch: Nettel, Nöttel
East Westphalian: Niedel (Ravensberg), Nettel (Lippe)
South Westphalian: Niëdel (Dortmund)
Sauerländisch: Nietel, Nettel (Wenden)
Dutch Low Saxon:
Twents: nettel
→ Danish: nelde, nælde
→ Norwegian: nesle, netla, nesla, natla
→ Old Swedish: nætla
Swedish: nässla, nättla, nälla
→ Scanian: nælla

Old Dutch: *netila
Middle Dutch: nētele, nettel
Dutch: netel

Old High German: nezzila
Middle High German: nezzel
Cimbrian: éssala (reanalyzed)
German: Nessel
→ Yiddish: ברעננעסל (brennesl)
Yiddish: ניסול (nisul) (Middle Yiddish, attested in Shemot Devarim)

From unattested *natā, from Proto-Germanic *natǭ (“nettle”), + *-ilā (plant and animal suffix).


naʀjan

naʀjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
naʀjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
naʀjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
naʀjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
naʀju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
naʀidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
naʀisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
naʀidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
naʀidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
naʀiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
naʀidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
naʀidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
naʀjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
naʀidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
naʀiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
naʀidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
naʀjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
naʀidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
naʀjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
naʀidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
naʀjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
naʀidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
naʀjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
naʀidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
naʀjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
naʀidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
naʀjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
naʀidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
naʀjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
naʀidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
naʀi (class-1 present singular weak)
naʀiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
naʀjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
naʀid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: nerian

Middle English: nerian (early)

Old Frisian: nera

Saterland Frisian: neere

Old Saxon: nerian

Middle Low German: neren

German Low German: nähren

→ Old Swedish: næra

Swedish: nära

→ Old Danish: næræ

Danish: nære

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: nære

Norwegian Nynorsk: nære, næra

→ Old Norse: næra

Icelandic: næra

Old Dutch: neren

Middle Dutch: nēren

⇒ Middle Dutch: genēren

Dutch: (obsolete) generen

⇒ Middle Dutch: neringhe

Dutch: nering

Old High German: nerien, nerjan, nerren, neren
Middle High German: nerren, nern, nerigen
German: nähren
Hunsrik: neere
Luxembourgish: nieren
Yiddish: נערן (nern)


knussjan

knussjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
knussjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
knussjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
knussjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
knussju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
knusidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
knusisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
knusidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
knusidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
knusiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
knusidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
knusidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
knussjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
knusidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
knusiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
knusidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
knussjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
knusidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
knussjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
knusidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
knussjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
knusidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
knussjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
knusidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
knussjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
knusidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
knussjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
knusidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
knussjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
knusidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
knusi (class-1 present singular weak)
knusiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
knussjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
knusid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: cnyssan

Old Frisian:

West Frisian: knieze, kniezje

Old Dutch: *cnusen

Middle Dutch: cnuesen

Dutch: kneuzen

Old High German: knussen

Middle High German: knüssen, knüsen


bihalljan

bihalljan (class-1 infinitive weak)
bihalljannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
bihalljannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
bihalljannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
bihallju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bihaldā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bihalisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bihaldēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bihaldōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bihaliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bihaldē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bihaldā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bihalljum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bihaldum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bihaliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bihaldud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bihalljanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bihaldun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bihalljē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bihaldī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bihalljēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bihaldī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bihalljē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bihaldī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bihalljēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bihaldīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bihalljēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bihaldīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bihalljēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bihaldīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bihali (class-1 present singular weak)
bihaliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
bihalljandī (class-1 participle present weak)
bihald (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: behellan

Old High German: bihellen


waggjan

waggjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
waggjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
waggjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
waggjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
waggju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wagidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wagisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wagidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wagidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wagiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wagidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wagidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
waggjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wagidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wagiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wagidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
waggjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wagidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
waggjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wagidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
waggjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wagidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
waggjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wagidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
waggjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wagidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
waggjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wagidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
waggjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wagidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wagi (class-1 present singular weak)
wagiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
waggjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
wagid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: weċġan

Middle English: weggen

English: wedge

Old Saxon: weggian

Middle Low German: weggen

Old Dutch: *weggen

Middle Dutch: weggen

Old High German: weggen


hebun

hebun (nominative singular)
hebunō (nominative plural)
hebunōs (nominative plural)
hebun (accusative singular)
hebunā (accusative plural)
hebunas (genitive singular)
hebunō (genitive plural)
hebunē (dative singular)
hebunum (dative plural)
hebunu (instrumental singular)
hebunum (instrumental plural)

Old English: heofon, heben, hefæn, hefen, hefon, heafun, heofen, heofun, heofan, hiofon, heofene, heofone, hefene — weak
Middle English: hevene, efne, even, evne, heaven, hefne, heoven, heovene, heven, hevyn, hewn, hewne, hæfene, hæfne, hæven, heffne, heofen, heofne, heofon, hoven (Early Middle English), heeven, hefen, heiven, heivin, hevin, hewuyn, heyven, hewen, hewyn (Northern), hoevene (Herebert)
English: heaven, Heaven
Scots: heiven, Heiven
Yola: heaaven, heoven

Old Saxon: hevan, heban
Middle Low German: hêben, hêven
German Low German:
Altmärkisch: Häw'n
Westphalian:
Dortmunder: Hēäwen
Lippisch: Heben
Ravensbergisch: Hewwen
Sauerländisch: Hiäwen, Hiawen (Olpe)

Old Dutch: *hevan

Middle Dutch: heven

Old High German: heban

Middle High German: hëben

Possibly from Proto-Germanic *hebnaz, from earlier *hemnaz with nasal dissimilation, either syncopated from or a parallel formation of *himinaz and doublet with *himil (“sky; heaven”).


wrōgijan

wrōgijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
wrōgijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
wrōgijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
wrōgijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
wrōgiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wrōgidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wrōgisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wrōgidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wrōgidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wrōgiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wrōgidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wrōgidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wrōgijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wrōgidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wrōgiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wrōgidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wrōgijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wrōgidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wrōgijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wrōgidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wrōgijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wrōgidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wrōgijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wrōgidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wrōgijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wrōgidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wrōgijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wrōgidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wrōgijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wrōgidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wrōgi (class-1 present singular weak)
wrōgiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
wrōgijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
wrōgid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: wrēġan

Middle English: wreyen, wrayen

Scots: wre, wry, wray

Old Frisian: wrēia

Old Saxon: wrōgian

desc

Middle Low German: wrȫgen, wrugen, rȫgen

German Low German: wrögen

Old Dutch: *wruogen

Middle Dutch: wroegen

Dutch: wroegen

Old High German: ruogen

Middle High German: ruogen

German: rügen


sigiþī

sigiþī (nominative singular)
sigiþijō (nominative plural)
sigiþijōs (nominative plural)
sigiþī (accusative singular)
sigiþijā (accusative plural)
sigiþijas (genitive singular)
sigiþijō (genitive plural)
sigiþijē (dative singular)
sigiþijum (dative plural)
sigiþiju (instrumental singular)
sigiþijum (instrumental plural)
*sigþī (alternative)

Old English: sigþe, sigdi, sīþe m

Middle English: sithe, sythe

English: scythe

Scots: sithe, scythe

Old Frisian: *sichte, *sīthe

Saterland Frisian: Sied m

West Frisian: sichte

Old Saxon: *sigitha, *sigtha, *sihta

Middle Low German: sigde, sichte, segede, sicht f

German Low German: Sichte, Sicht

Old Dutch: *sigitha, *sigtha, *sihta

Middle Dutch: sichte f

Dutch: zicht

→ West Frisian: zicht


burgijan

burgijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
burgijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
burgijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
burgijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
burgiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
burgidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
burgisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
burgidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
burgidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
burgiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
burgidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
burgidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
burgijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
burgidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
burgiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
burgidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
burgijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
burgidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
burgijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
burgidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
burgijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
burgidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
burgijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
burgidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
burgijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
burgidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
burgijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
burgidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
burgijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
burgidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
burgi (class-1 present singular weak)
burgiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
burgijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
burgid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *byrġan

⇒ Old English: onbyrġan

Old High German: *burgen

⇒ Old High German: untarburgen

Middle High German: bürgen

German: bürgen

From Proto-Germanic *burgijaną. Equivalent to *borg (“promise, debt”) + *-jan, or *burgī (“surety”) + *-jan.


burgijan

Old English: byrġan

Middle English: berien, burien

English: bury


ubisu

ubisu (nominative singular)
ubiswō (nominative plural)
ubiswā (accusative singular)
ubiswā (accusative plural)
ubiswā (genitive singular)
ubiswō (genitive plural)
ubiswē (dative singular)
ubiswōm (dative plural)
ubisum (dative plural)
ubisu (instrumental singular)
ubiswōm (instrumental plural)
ubisum (instrumental plural)
*obisu (alternative)

Old English: œfis, efis, yfes, *ofes, efes

Middle English: eves, oves

English: eaves, eave

⇒ Middle English: *eves-wall

English: eaves-wall

Scots: easwas, easle, eazle, aisywaas

Old Frisian: ōse

North Frisian: ose

Saterland Frisian: Ouse

West Frisian: oes

Old Saxon: *ovisa

Middle Low German: ȫvese, ȫsene, ȫsen, ȫse, ȫze

Low German: Öse, Ese

⇒ Middle Low German: ovesval, ȫvesval (“eaves-wall”)

Old Dutch: *uvisa, *ovisa

Middle Dutch: ōvese, uevese, ōse, oyse, ōsie

Dutch: ozie, euzie

⇒ Dutch: ozing

Old High German: obisa, obasa

Middle High German: obese, obse

Bavarian: Obesen (dialectal)


luginu

luginu (nominative singular)
luginō (nominative plural)
luginā (accusative singular)
luginā (accusative plural)
luginā (genitive singular)
luginō (genitive plural)
luginē (dative singular)
luginōm (dative plural)
luginum (dative plural)
luginu (instrumental singular)
luginōm (instrumental plural)
luginum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: lyġen
Middle English: liȝe, lighe, leghe, lie (likely having merged with descendants of Old English lyġe)
English: lie
Scots: ley, lie

Old Frisian: leine

Saterland Frisian: Löägene (possibly from Middle Low German)

West Frisian: ljeagen, leagen

Old Saxon: lugina

Middle Low German: lȫgene

German Low German: Lögen

→ Danish: løgn

→ Norwegian: lygn

→ Swedish: lögn

Old Dutch: lugina
Middle Dutch: luegene, lōgene
Dutch: leugen, logen (archaic), loogen (obsolete)
Afrikaans: leuen
Negerhollands: lug, lik
→ West Frisian: leugen

Old High German: lugina

Middle High German: lügene, lügen

German: Lüge (partially)

Luxembourgish: Ligen

Yiddish: ליגן (lign)

From Proto-Germanic *luginō, a late variant of *lugiz (“lie, falsehood”), perhaps reinforced by Proto-Germanic *luginaz (“lying, false”).


wrītan

wrītan (infinitive)
wrītannjas (genitive infinitive)
wrītannjē (dative infinitive)
wrītannju (infinitive instrumental)
wrītu (first-person present singular)
wrait (first-person past singular)
wrītiʀi (present second-person singular)
writī (past second-person singular)
wrītidi (present singular third-person)
wrait (past singular third-person)
wrītum (first-person plural present)
writum (first-person past plural)
wrītid (plural present second-person)
writud (past plural second-person)
wrītand (plural present third-person)
writun (past plural third-person)
wrītē (first-person present singular)
writī (first-person past singular)
wrītēs (present second-person singular)
wrītē (present singular third-person)
writī (past singular third-person)
wrītēm (first-person plural present)
writīm (first-person past plural)
wrītēþ (plural present second-person)
writīd (past plural second-person)
wrītēn (plural present third-person)
writīn (past plural third-person)
wrīt (present singular)
wrītid (plural present)
wrītandī (participle present)
writan (participle past)

Old English: wrītan

Middle English: writen

English: write

Scots: writ, wryte, wret

Old Frisian: wrīta

Saterland Frisian: riete

West Frisian: write

Old Saxon: wrītan

Middle Low German: rîten

Low German: rieten

desctree

Old Dutch: *wrītan
Middle Dutch: writen
Dutch: wrijten

Old High German: rīȥan, ᚹᚱᚨᛁᛏ (wrait), ᚹᚱᚨᛖᛏ (wraet)

Middle High German: rīȥen

German: reißen

→ Danish: ridse

Luxembourgish: räissen

→ Polish: rysować
→ Belarusian: рысава́ць (rysavácʹ)
→ Russian: рисова́ть (risovátʹ)
→ Ukrainian: рисува́ти (rysuváty)


gasundiþu

gasundiþu (nominative singular)
gasundiþō (nominative plural)
gasundiþā (accusative singular)
gasundiþā (accusative plural)
gasundiþā (genitive singular)
gasundiþō (genitive plural)
gasundiþē (dative singular)
gasundiþōm (dative plural)
gasundiþum (dative plural)
gasundiþu (instrumental singular)
gasundiþōm (instrumental plural)
gasundiþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġesyntu

Old High German: gisuntida


gasund

gasund (masculine nominative singular)
gasundu (feminine nominative singular)
gasund (neuter nominative singular)
gasundanā (accusative masculine singular)
gasundā (accusative feminine singular)
gasund (accusative neuter singular)
gasundas (genitive masculine singular)
gasundeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
gasundas (genitive neuter singular)
gasundumē (dative masculine singular)
gasundeʀē (dative feminine singular)
gasundumē (dative neuter singular)
gasundu (instrumental masculine singular)
gasundeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
gasundu (instrumental neuter singular)
gasundē (masculine nominative plural)
gasundō (feminine nominative plural)
gasundu (neuter nominative plural)
gasundā (accusative masculine plural)
gasundā (accusative feminine plural)
gasundu (accusative neuter plural)
gasundeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
gasundeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
gasundeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
gasundēm (dative masculine plural)
gasundum (dative masculine plural)
gasundēm (dative feminine plural)
gasundum (dative feminine plural)
gasundēm (dative neuter plural)
gasundum (dative neuter plural)
gasundēm (instrumental masculine plural)
gasundum (instrumental masculine plural)
gasundēm (feminine instrumental plural)
gasundum (feminine instrumental plural)
gasundēm (instrumental neuter plural)
gasundum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: ġesund
Middle English: ȝesund, isund, izound; sund, sound
English: sound
Scots: sound, soun

Old Frisian:

Saterland Frisian: gesuund

Old Saxon: gisund
Middle Low German: gesunt
Low German: gesund

Old Dutch: gisunt

Middle Dutch: gesont

Dutch: gezond
Afrikaans: gesond
Jersey Dutch: xjezónd
Negerhollands: gesond, gesont
→ Sranan Tongo: gesontu
→ Aukan: gusontu
→ Caribbean Javanese: kheson

Old High German: gisunt
Middle High German: gesunt
Bavarian: gsund
Cimbrian: gazùnt, gesunt (Luserna)
Central Franconian: gesond, jesond, jesonk (Ripuarian)
German: gesund
Hunsrik: gesund
Luxembourgish: gesond
Yiddish: געזונט (gezunt)


laibu

laibu (nominative singular)
laibō (nominative plural)
laibā (accusative singular)
laibā (accusative plural)
laibā (genitive singular)
laibō (genitive plural)
laibē (dative singular)
laibōm (dative plural)
laibum (dative plural)
laibu (instrumental singular)
laibōm (instrumental plural)
laibum (instrumental plural)

Old English: lāf
Middle English: love, lave, leve, loove, lafe, læve, loave (Early Middle English)
English: lave
Scots: lave

Old Frisian: lāva

Old Saxon: lēba, lēva

Old High German: leiba, leipa

Middle High German: leibe


skeuban

skeuban (infinitive)
skeubannjas (genitive infinitive)
skeubannjē (dative infinitive)
skeubannju (infinitive instrumental)
skeubu (first-person present singular)
skaub (first-person past singular)
skiubiʀi (present second-person singular)
skubī (past second-person singular)
skiubidi (present singular third-person)
skaub (past singular third-person)
skeubum (first-person plural present)
skubum (first-person past plural)
skiubid (plural present second-person)
skubud (past plural second-person)
skeuband (plural present third-person)
skubun (past plural third-person)
skeubē (first-person present singular)
skubī (first-person past singular)
skeubēs (present second-person singular)
skeubē (present singular third-person)
skubī (past singular third-person)
skeubēm (first-person plural present)
skubīm (first-person past plural)
skeubēþ (plural present second-person)
skubīd (past plural second-person)
skeubēn (plural present third-person)
skubīn (past plural third-person)
skiub (present singular)
skiubid (plural present)
skeubandī (participle present)
skoban (participle past)

Old English: sċēofan, sċūfan

Middle English: schouven, shoven

Scots: shuve

English: shove

(Old Frisian: *skiāva, *skiōua?), skūva

Saterland Frisian: schuuwe, skuuwe

(West Frisian: sjouwe?), skowe

(→ Dutch: sjouwen?)

(→ Low German: sjove?)

(→ Swedish: sjåa?)

Old Saxon: *skiovan, *skūvan

Middle Low German: schûven

Low German: schuven

→ Danish: skuffe

→ Swedish: skuffa

Old Dutch: *scūvan
Middle Dutch: schuven
Dutch: schuiven
Afrikaans: skuif, skuiwe
Limburgish: sjuve

Old High German: sciopan, scioban

Middle High German: schieben

Alemannic German: schiebe

German: schieben

→ Polish: szybować


krafōn

krafōn (infinitive)
krafōnijas (genitive infinitive)
krafōnijē (dative infinitive)
krafōniju (infinitive instrumental)
krafō (first-person present singular)
krafōdā (first-person past singular)
krafōs (present second-person singular)
krafōdēs (past second-person singular)
krafōdōs (past second-person singular)
krafōþ (present singular third-person)
krafōdē (past singular third-person)
krafōdā (past singular third-person)
krafōm (first-person plural present)
krafōdum (first-person past plural)
krafōþ (plural present second-person)
krafōdud (past plural second-person)
krafōnþ (plural present third-person)
krafōdun (past plural third-person)
krafōdī (first-person past singular)
krafōdī (past second-person singular)
krafō (present singular third-person)
krafōdī (past singular third-person)
krafōdīm (first-person past plural)
krafōdīd (past plural second-person)
krafōn (plural present third-person)
krafōdīn (past plural third-person)
krafō (present singular)
krafōþ (plural present)
krafōndī (participle present)
krafōd (participle past)

Old English: crafian, crafiġean, cræfian
Middle English: craven, crave, cravyn, crawyn, krave
English: crave
Scots: crave
Yola: crave


-snu

-snu (nominative singular)
-snō (nominative plural)
-snā (accusative singular)
-snā (accusative plural)
-snā (genitive singular)
-snō (genitive plural)
-snē (dative singular)
-snōm (dative plural)
-snum (dative plural)
-snu (instrumental singular)
-snōm (instrumental plural)
-snum (instrumental plural)

Old English: -sn

Old Saxon: *-sna

Old Dutch: *-sna

Old High German: -sna, -nsa


drōsnu

drōsnu (nominative singular)
drōsnō (nominative plural)
drōsnā (accusative singular)
drōsnā (accusative plural)
drōsnā (genitive singular)
drōsnō (genitive plural)
drōsnē (dative singular)
drōsnōm (dative plural)
drōsnum (dative plural)
drōsnu (instrumental singular)
drōsnōm (instrumental plural)
drōsnum (instrumental plural)

Old English: drōsna, drōsne (< *drōhsnǭ)

Middle English: drosen, drowsyn

Old Dutch: *druosana

Middle Dutch: droesene

Dutch: droesem

Afrikaans: droesem

Old High German: truosana, trōsana

Middle High German: truosen

Alemannic German: Truese

German: (obsolete) Drusen, Trusen

From Proto-Germanic *drōhsnō. Equivalent to *drōs (“dregs, sediment”) + *-snu.


ālu

ālu (nominative singular)
ālō (nominative plural)
ālā (accusative singular)
ālā (accusative plural)
ālā (genitive singular)
ālō (genitive plural)
ālē (dative singular)
ālōm (dative plural)
ālum (dative plural)
ālu (instrumental singular)
ālōm (instrumental plural)
ālum (instrumental plural)

>? Old English: āl, ǣl

Old Frisian: *âl, *ēl

Saterland Frisian: Äil

Old Saxon: *āla

Middle Low German: âl

Low German: Ahl

Old Dutch: *āla

Middle Dutch: *âle, *ael

Dutch: aal (possibly borrowed)

Old High German: āla

Middle High German: āle

Cimbrian: aala

German: Ahle


leuhmō

leuhmō (nominative singular)
leuhman (nominative plural)
leuhman (accusative singular)
leuhman (accusative plural)
liuhmini (genitive singular)
leuhman (genitive singular)
leuhmanō (genitive plural)
liuhmini (dative singular)
leuhman (dative singular)
leuhmum (dative plural)
liuhmini (instrumental singular)
leuhman (instrumental singular)
leuhmum (instrumental plural)

Old English: lēoma
Middle English: leme, leem, lem, leom, lewme, lume, lym, lyme, leame, leome, lome (Early Middle English)
English: leam
Scots: leim, leme

Old Saxon: liomo


nāhwawisti

nāhwawisti (nominative singular)
nāhwawistī (nominative plural)
nāhwawisti (accusative singular)
nāhwawistī (accusative plural)
nāhwawistī (genitive singular)
nāhwawistijō (genitive plural)
nāhwawistī (dative singular)
nāhwawistim (dative plural)
nāhwawistijum (dative plural)
nāhwawistī (instrumental singular)
nāhwawistim (instrumental plural)
nāhwawistijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: nēawist, nēowist

Old High German: nāhwist


wisti

wisti (nominative singular)
wistī (nominative plural)
wisti (accusative singular)
wistī (accusative plural)
wistī (genitive singular)
wistijō (genitive plural)
wistī (dative singular)
wistim (dative plural)
wistijum (dative plural)
wistī (instrumental singular)
wistim (instrumental plural)
wistijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wist

Old Saxon: wist

Middle Low German: wist

Old High German: wist

Middle High German: wist

From Proto-Germanic *wistiz (“being”). Equivalent to *wesan (“to be”) + *-þi.


wisti

Old English: wist

Middle English: wist, wiste, wyste

Old Saxon: wist

Middle Low German: wist

Old High German: wist

Middle High German: wist

From Proto-Germanic *wistiz (“food”). Equivalent to *wesan (“to consume, feast”) + *-þi.


þwerh

þwerh (masculine nominative singular)
þwerhu (feminine nominative singular)
þwerh (neuter nominative singular)
þwerhanā (accusative masculine singular)
þwerhā (accusative feminine singular)
þwerh (accusative neuter singular)
þwerhas (genitive masculine singular)
þwerheʀā (feminine genitive singular)
þwerhas (genitive neuter singular)
þwerhumē (dative masculine singular)
þwerheʀē (dative feminine singular)
þwerhumē (dative neuter singular)
þwerhu (instrumental masculine singular)
þwerheʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
þwerhu (instrumental neuter singular)
þwerhē (masculine nominative plural)
þwerhō (feminine nominative plural)
þwerhu (neuter nominative plural)
þwerhā (accusative masculine plural)
þwerhā (accusative feminine plural)
þwerhu (accusative neuter plural)
þwerheʀō (genitive masculine plural)
þwerheʀō (feminine genitive plural)
þwerheʀō (genitive neuter plural)
þwerhēm (dative masculine plural)
þwerhum (dative masculine plural)
þwerhēm (dative feminine plural)
þwerhum (dative feminine plural)
þwerhēm (dative neuter plural)
þwerhum (dative neuter plural)
þwerhēm (instrumental masculine plural)
þwerhum (instrumental masculine plural)
þwerhēm (feminine instrumental plural)
þwerhum (feminine instrumental plural)
þwerhēm (instrumental neuter plural)
þwerhum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: þweorh, þwerh

Middle English: thwīre, thwyre

Old Frisian: þweres (adverb)

West Frisian: twer

Old Saxon: thwerh, ðwerh
Middle Low German: dwer, dwers, queer
Low German: dweer, dwars, quars; (> verquars)
→ German: verquast
→ Middle English: dwere, dwire
→ Scots: queer
→ English: queer, qwer (Bermuda)
→ Azerbaijani: kuir
→ Georgian: ქვიარი (kviari)
→ German: queer, Queer
→ Russian: квир (kvir)
→ Swedish: queer
→ Turkish: kuir

Old Dutch: *thwerh, *thwerhes

desc

Middle Dutch: dwer, dwers, dwersch, dwāers

Dutch: dwars

Afrikaans: dwars

Old High German: dwerah

Middle High German: dwërch, twërch, twerhe, twer

Alemannic German: Twër

q

Upper German; still in <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">Zwerchfell</i>

German: quer (Central German); zwerch (Upper German; still in Zwerchfell)

→ Swedish: kvär (dated)

→ Danish: kvær (dated)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: kvær (dated)

Luxembourgish: queesch

Vilamovian: twar


ferh

ferh (nominative singular)
ferhō (nominative plural)
ferhōs (nominative plural)
ferh (accusative singular)
ferhā (accusative plural)
ferhas (genitive singular)
ferhō (genitive plural)
ferhē (dative singular)
ferhum (dative plural)
ferhu (instrumental singular)
ferhum (instrumental plural)
ferh (nominative singular)
ferhu (nominative plural)
ferh (accusative singular)
ferhu (accusative plural)
ferhas (genitive singular)
ferhō (genitive plural)
ferhē (dative singular)
ferhum (dative plural)
ferhu (instrumental singular)
ferhum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: feorh, feorg, ferh
Middle English: fere, vore

Old Frisian: ferch

Old Saxon: ferh, ferah

Old High German: fërah

Middle High German: vërch

German: Ferch (obsolete)


firhwijō

firhwijō (nominative plural)
firhwijōs (nominative plural)
firhwijā (accusative plural)
firhwijō (genitive plural)
firhwijum (dative plural)
firhwijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: fīras

Old Saxon: fīrihos

Old High German: firaha

→⇒? Latin: Alaferhviae (< *alafirhwijō)


uʀhait

uʀhait (nominative singular)
uʀhaitō (nominative plural)
uʀhaitōs (nominative plural)
uʀhait (accusative singular)
uʀhaitā (accusative plural)
uʀhaitas (genitive singular)
uʀhaitō (genitive plural)
uʀhaitē (dative singular)
uʀhaitum (dative plural)
uʀhaitu (instrumental singular)
uʀhaitum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ōret

Old High German: urheiz


fleuhan

fleuhan (infinitive)
fleuhannjas (genitive infinitive)
fleuhannjē (dative infinitive)
fleuhannju (infinitive instrumental)
fleuhu (first-person present singular)
flauh (first-person past singular)
fliuhiʀi (present second-person singular)
flugī (past second-person singular)
fliuhidi (present singular third-person)
flauh (past singular third-person)
fleuhum (first-person plural present)
flugum (first-person past plural)
fliuhid (plural present second-person)
flugud (past plural second-person)
fleuhand (plural present third-person)
flugun (past plural third-person)
fleuhē (first-person present singular)
flugī (first-person past singular)
fleuhēs (present second-person singular)
fleuhē (present singular third-person)
flugī (past singular third-person)
fleuhēm (first-person plural present)
flugīm (first-person past plural)
fleuhēþ (plural present second-person)
flugīd (past plural second-person)
fleuhēn (plural present third-person)
flugīn (past plural third-person)
fliuh (present singular)
fliuhid (plural present)
fleuhandī (participle present)
flogan (participle past)

Old English: flēon
Middle English: flen, fleon
English: flee
Scots: flee

Old Frisian: fliā

Old Saxon: fliohan

Old Dutch: flian
Middle Dutch: vlien
Dutch: vlieden
Afrikaans: vlied

Old High German: fliohan
Middle High German: vliehen
Alemannic German: flie
German: fliehen


þeuh

þeuh (nominative singular)
þeuhu (nominative plural)
þeuh (accusative singular)
þeuhu (accusative plural)
þeuhas (genitive singular)
þeuhō (genitive plural)
þeuhē (dative singular)
þeuhum (dative plural)
þeuhu (instrumental singular)
þeuhum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þēoh
Middle English: þigh
English: thigh
Scots: thee

Old Frisian: thiāch

West Frisian: tsjea

Old Saxon: thioh, thio
Middle Low German: dêch, dê, dee
⇒ Low German: Dickbeen

Old Dutch: thīo
Middle Dutch: dië
Dutch: dij
Afrikaans: dy
Limburgish: die, diech

Old High German: dioh

Middle High German: diech
German: Diech (obsolete)
>? German: Dickbein
Yiddish: דיך (dikh)


faihijan

faihijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
faihijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
faihijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
faihijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
faihiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
faihidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
faihisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
faihidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
faihidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
faihiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
faihidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
faihidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
faihijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
faihidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
faihiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
faihidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
faihijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
faihidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
faihijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
faihidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
faihijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
faihidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
faihijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
faihidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
faihijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
faihidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
faihijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
faihidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
faihijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
faihidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
faihi (class-1 present singular weak)
faihiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
faihijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
faihid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: fǣġan

Middle English: feahen

Old High German: fēhen

Middle High German: vēhen

From Proto-Germanic *faihijaną. Equivalent to *faih (“coloured”) + *-jan.


faihijan

Old High German: fēhen

Middle High German: vēhen, fēhen

Old Saxon: *fēhian

desc

Middle Low German: vêen, veien, vêyen, vêhen

⇒ Old Saxon: āfēhian


faiknī

faiknī (masculine nominative singular)
faikniju (feminine nominative singular)
faiknī (neuter nominative singular)
faiknijanā (accusative masculine singular)
faiknijā (accusative feminine singular)
faiknī (accusative neuter singular)
faiknijas (genitive masculine singular)
faiknijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
faiknijas (genitive neuter singular)
faiknijumē (dative masculine singular)
faiknijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
faiknijumē (dative neuter singular)
faikniju (instrumental masculine singular)
faiknijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
faikniju (instrumental neuter singular)
faiknijē (masculine nominative plural)
faiknijō (feminine nominative plural)
faikniju (neuter nominative plural)
faiknijā (accusative masculine plural)
faiknijā (accusative feminine plural)
faikniju (accusative neuter plural)
faiknijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
faiknijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
faiknijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
faiknijēm (dative masculine plural)
faiknijum (dative masculine plural)
faiknijēm (dative feminine plural)
faiknijum (dative feminine plural)
faiknijēm (dative neuter plural)
faiknijum (dative neuter plural)
faiknijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
faiknijum (instrumental masculine plural)
faiknijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
faiknijum (feminine instrumental plural)
faiknijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
faiknijum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: fǣcne, fācne
Middle English: fæc, facen, fakenn, foken

Old Saxon: fēkni


dinku

dinku (masculine nominative singular)
dinku (feminine nominative singular)
dinku (neuter nominative singular)
dinkwanā (accusative masculine singular)
dinkwā (accusative feminine singular)
dinku (accusative neuter singular)
dinkwas (genitive masculine singular)
dinkweʀā (feminine genitive singular)
dinkwas (genitive neuter singular)
dinkumē (dative masculine singular)
dinkweʀē (dative feminine singular)
dinkumē (dative neuter singular)
dinku (instrumental masculine singular)
dinkweʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
dinku (instrumental neuter singular)
dinkwē (masculine nominative plural)
dinkwō (feminine nominative plural)
dinku (neuter nominative plural)
dinkwā (accusative masculine plural)
dinkwā (accusative feminine plural)
dinku (accusative neuter plural)
dinkweʀō (genitive masculine plural)
dinkweʀō (feminine genitive plural)
dinkweʀō (genitive neuter plural)
dinkwēm (dative masculine plural)
dinkum (dative masculine plural)
dinkwēm (dative feminine plural)
dinkum (dative feminine plural)
dinkwēm (dative neuter plural)
dinkum (dative neuter plural)
dinkwēm (instrumental masculine plural)
dinkum (instrumental masculine plural)
dinkwēm (feminine instrumental plural)
dinkum (feminine instrumental plural)
dinkwēm (instrumental neuter plural)
dinkum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Frisian: diunk

North Frisian: jonk

Saterland Frisian: djunk

Related through ablaut to Old Norse dǫkkr.


sehwā

sehwā (nominative singular)
sehwōn (nominative plural)
sehwōn (accusative singular)
sehwōn (accusative plural)
sehwōn (genitive singular)
sehwōnō (genitive plural)
sehwōn (dative singular)
sehwōm (dative plural)
sehwum (dative plural)
sehwōn (instrumental singular)
sehwōm (instrumental plural)
sehwum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sēo, sēa, sīo f or m

Middle English: seo

Old Frisian: siā m

Old Saxon: seha f; seho, sio m

Old Saxon: seho, sio m

Old Dutch: sia
Middle Dutch: sie

Old High German: seha f; seho, sīo m

Middle High German: sëhe f

German: Sehe f


plihti

plihti (nominative singular)
plihtī (nominative plural)
plihti (accusative singular)
plihtī (accusative plural)
plihtī (genitive singular)
plihtijō (genitive plural)
plihtī (dative singular)
plihtim (dative plural)
plihtijum (dative plural)
plihtī (instrumental singular)
plihtim (instrumental plural)
plihtijum (instrumental plural)

>? Old English: pliht

Middle English: pliht, pliȝt, plyght

Scots: plicht

English: plight

Old Frisian: plicht

Saterland Frisian: Plicht

West Frisian: plicht

Old Saxon: *pliht

Middle Low German: plicht

German Low German: Plicht

Low German: Plicht

→ Danish: pligt

→ Swedish: plikt

→ Norwegian Bokmål: plikt

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: plikt

Old Dutch: *pliht

Middle Dutch: plicht

Dutch: plicht

Afrikaans: plig

Old High German: *pfliht, *phliht

Middle High German: pflicht

German: Pflicht

→ Luxembourgish: Flicht, Pflicht

→ Saterland Frisian: Flicht


mihs

mihs (nominative singular)
mihsu (nominative plural)
mihs (accusative singular)
mihsu (accusative plural)
mihsas (genitive singular)
mihsō (genitive plural)
mihsē (dative singular)
mihsum (dative plural)
mihsu (instrumental singular)
mihsum (instrumental plural)

Old English: meox, miox

Middle English: mix, mex, myx

gl

perhaps conflated with Proto-West Germanic <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmw-pro">*mihstu</i>

>? Old English: mes f (perhaps conflated with Proto-West Germanic *mihstu)

Old Frisian: *miuks, *miux

North Frisian:

Föhr-Amrum: njoks

Goesharde: mjoks

Halligen: njoks

Helgoland: ni̯oks

Karrharde: mjuks

Mooring: mjuks

Sylt: Mjuks

Wiedingharde: mjoks

East Frisian:

Saterland Frisian: Mjuks

Wangerooge Frisian: miux

Wursten Frisian: miuchß

West Frisian: mjuks, mjoks

Hindeloopen: moks

Terschelling: mjoks

Old Saxon: mehs

Unknown. Connected by some authors to Proto-Indo-European *h₃meyǵʰ- (“to urinate”) (compare also Dutch miggelen (“to drizzle”), Proto-Indo-European *h₃meygʰ- (“to *drizzle?, blink; cloud, mist, fog”) (whence *mihstu)), but at least the semantics are questionable.