grautijan

grautijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
grautijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
grautijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
grautijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
grautiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
grautidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
grautisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
grautidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
grautidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
grautiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
grautidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
grautidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
grautijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
grautidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
grautiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
grautidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
grautijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
grautidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
grautijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
grautidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
grautijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
grautidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
grautijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
grautidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
grautijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
grautidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
grautijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
grautidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
grautijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
grautidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
grauti (class-1 present singular weak)
grautiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
grautijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
grautid (class-1 participle past weak)

>? Old English: grīetan (to flourish)

Old Frisian: grêta

Old Saxon: *grōtian

Middle Low German: grȫten

Old Dutch: *grōten

q

Middle Dutch: grôten (conflated with the descendant of *grautēn)

Dutch: groten

Old High German: *grōzen

Middle High German: grözen


skilhijan

skilhijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
skilhijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
skilhijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
skilhijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
skilhiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skilhidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skilhisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skilhidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skilhidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skilhiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skilhidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skilhidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skilhijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skilhidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skilhiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skilhidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skilhijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skilhidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skilhijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skilhidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skilhijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skilhidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skilhijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skilhidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skilhijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skilhidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skilhijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skilhidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skilhijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skilhidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skilhi (class-1 present singular weak)
skilhiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
skilhijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
skilhid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *sċīelan

Old English: besċīelan

Old Saxon: *skilhian

Middle Low German: schēlen

Old High German: skilihen

desc

Middle High German: schilhen, schilwen, schilen

German: schielen

Bavarian: schiagln, scheangln

From *skelh (“slanted, squinting”) + *-jan.


saukijan

saukijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
saukijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
saukijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
saukijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
saukiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
saukidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
saukisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
saukidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
saukidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
saukiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
saukidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
saukidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
saukijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
saukidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
saukiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
saukidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
saukijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
saukidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
saukijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
saukidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
saukijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
saukidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
saukijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
saukidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
saukijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
saukidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
saukijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
saukidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
saukijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
saukidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sauki (class-1 present singular weak)
saukiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
saukijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
saukid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *sīeċan, sȳċan, sīċan

Middle English: seken

Old Dutch: *sōken

Middle Dutch: sôken

Dutch: zoken (dialectal)


saugijan

saugijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
saugijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
saugijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
saugijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
saugiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
saugidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
saugisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
saugidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
saugidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
saugiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
saugidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
saugidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
saugijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
saugidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
saugiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
saugidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
saugijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
saugidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
saugijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
saugidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
saugijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
saugidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
saugijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
saugidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
saugijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
saugidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
saugijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
saugidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
saugijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
saugidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
saugi (class-1 present singular weak)
saugiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
saugijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
saugid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: sōgian

Middle Low German: sö̂gen

German Low German: sögen

→ Saterland Frisian: söögje

Old Dutch: *sōgen

Middle Dutch: sôgen

Dutch: zogen

Old High German: sougen

Middle High German: söugen

German: säugen


spruttjan

spruttjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
spruttjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
spruttjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
spruttjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
spruttju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
spruttā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sprutisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
spruttēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spruttōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sprutiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
spruttē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spruttā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spruttjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
spruttum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sprutiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
spruttud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
spruttjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
spruttun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
spruttjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
spruttī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
spruttjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
spruttī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spruttjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
spruttī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spruttjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
spruttīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
spruttjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
spruttīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
spruttjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
spruttīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
spruti (class-1 present singular weak)
sprutiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
spruttjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
sprutt (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: spryttan
Middle English: sprytten, sprutten, sputten (in part)
English: sprit, spirt, spurt
Scots: spret, sprit

Old Saxon: *spruttian

Middle Low German: sprütten

Old Dutch: *sprutten

Middle Dutch: sprutten

Old High German: spruzzjan, *spruzzen

Middle High German: sprützen

German: spritzen

→ Saterland Frisian: spritsje

→ Dutch: spritsen

→ West Frisian: sprytse

Yiddish: שפּריצן (shpritsn)

→ English: spritz

→ German Low German: sprützen

→ Italian: spruzzare

Closely related to the strong verb *spreutan. Possibly from *sprutō (“sprout”) + *-jan.


stōpijan

stōpijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
stōpijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
stōpijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
stōpijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
stōpiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stōpidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stōpisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stōpidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stōpidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stōpiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stōpidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stōpidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stōpijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stōpidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stōpiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stōpidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stōpijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stōpidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stōpijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stōpidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stōpijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stōpidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stōpijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stōpidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stōpijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stōpidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stōpijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stōpidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stōpijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stōpidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stōpi (class-1 present singular weak)
stōpiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
stōpijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
stōpid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: stēpan

Old Saxon: stōpian

Old High German: stuofen

Middle High German: stüefen


aspu

aspu (nominative singular)
aspō (nominative plural)
aspā (accusative singular)
aspā (accusative plural)
aspā (genitive singular)
aspō (genitive plural)
aspē (dative singular)
aspōm (dative plural)
aspum (dative plural)
aspu (instrumental singular)
aspōm (instrumental plural)
aspum (instrumental plural)

Old English: æspe, æsp, æps
Middle English: aspe; aspen
English: asp; aspen

Old Saxon: *aspa

Middle Low German: aspe, espe, hespe

Low German: Äsp

Old Dutch: *aspa, *espa

Middle Dutch: espe

Dutch: esp

Old High German: aspa

Middle High German: aspe

German: Espe


knokōn

knokōn (infinitive)
knokōnijas (genitive infinitive)
knokōnijē (dative infinitive)
knokōniju (infinitive instrumental)
knokō (first-person present singular)
knokōdā (first-person past singular)
knokōs (present second-person singular)
knokōdēs (past second-person singular)
knokōdōs (past second-person singular)
knokōþ (present singular third-person)
knokōdē (past singular third-person)
knokōdā (past singular third-person)
knokōm (first-person plural present)
knokōdum (first-person past plural)
knokōþ (plural present second-person)
knokōdud (past plural second-person)
knokōnþ (plural present third-person)
knokōdun (past plural third-person)
knokōdī (first-person past singular)
knokōdī (past second-person singular)
knokō (present singular third-person)
knokōdī (past singular third-person)
knokōdīm (first-person past plural)
knokōdīd (past plural second-person)
knokōn (plural present third-person)
knokōdīn (past plural third-person)
knokō (present singular)
knokōþ (plural present)
knokōndī (participle present)
knokōd (participle past)

Old English: cnucian, cnocian

Middle English: knokken, cnoken, knocke, knok, knoke, knokke, knokkyn
English: knock
→ Dutch: knokken; nokken
Scots: knock, tnock, knack
Yola: knockt (preterite)

Old Saxon: *knokōn

Middle Low German: *knoken

⇒ Middle Low German: ûtknoken, ûtknōken

Old High German: *knohhōn, *knochōn

Middle High German: knochen

From Proto-Germanic *knukōną; equivalent to *knokō (“bone”) + *-ōn.


portā

portā (nominative singular)
portōn (nominative plural)
portōn (accusative singular)
portōn (accusative plural)
portōn (genitive singular)
portōnō (genitive plural)
portōn (dative singular)
portōm (dative plural)
portum (dative plural)
portōn (instrumental singular)
portōm (instrumental plural)
portum (instrumental plural)

Old English: porte

Middle English: porte, port (and Old French porte)

English: port

Old Frisian: porte

North Frisian: portte

Old Saxon: porta

desc

Middle Low German: pōrte, porte, pōrt, port

→ Old Norse: port

Danish: port

Swedish: port

→ Finnish: portti

desctree

Old Dutch: porta
Middle Dutch: porte (reinforced by Old French porte)
Dutch: poort

Old High German: pforta
Middle High German: pforte, pforze
German: Pforte
→ Old Polish: forta
Polish: furta
→ Old Ruthenian: форта (forta)
⇒ Belarusian: фортка (fórtka)
⇒ Ukrainian: хвіртка (xvirtka)

Borrowed from Latin porta (“gateway, passage”).


bardalaus

bardalaus (masculine nominative singular)
bardalausu (feminine nominative singular)
bardalaus (neuter nominative singular)
bardalausanā (accusative masculine singular)
bardalausā (accusative feminine singular)
bardalaus (accusative neuter singular)
bardalausas (genitive masculine singular)
bardalauseʀā (feminine genitive singular)
bardalausas (genitive neuter singular)
bardalausumē (dative masculine singular)
bardalauseʀē (dative feminine singular)
bardalausumē (dative neuter singular)
bardalausu (instrumental masculine singular)
bardalauseʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
bardalausu (instrumental neuter singular)
bardalausē (masculine nominative plural)
bardalausō (feminine nominative plural)
bardalausu (neuter nominative plural)
bardalausā (accusative masculine plural)
bardalausā (accusative feminine plural)
bardalausu (accusative neuter plural)
bardalauseʀō (genitive masculine plural)
bardalauseʀō (feminine genitive plural)
bardalauseʀō (genitive neuter plural)
bardalausēm (dative masculine plural)
bardalausum (dative masculine plural)
bardalausēm (dative feminine plural)
bardalausum (dative feminine plural)
bardalausēm (dative neuter plural)
bardalausum (dative neuter plural)
bardalausēm (instrumental masculine plural)
bardalausum (instrumental masculine plural)
bardalausēm (feminine instrumental plural)
bardalausum (feminine instrumental plural)
bardalausēm (instrumental neuter plural)
bardalausum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: beardlēas
Middle English: berdles, beerdles, berdeles, berdlese, berdless
English: beardless
Scots: beardless

Old Frisian: *berdlās

Saterland Frisian: boartloos

West Frisian: burdleas

Old Saxon: *bardlōs

Middle Low German: bārtlôs

German Low German: baartloos

Old Dutch: *bardlōs

Middle Dutch: *baerdloos, *baertloos

Dutch: baardloos, baardeloos (likely a new construction)

Old High German: *bartlōs

Middle High German: bartlōs

German: bartlos


starbijan

starbijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
starbijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
starbijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
starbijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
starbiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
starbidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
starbisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
starbidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
starbidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
starbiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
starbidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
starbidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
starbijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
starbidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
starbiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
starbidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
starbijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
starbidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
starbijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
starbidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
starbijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
starbidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
starbijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
starbidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
starbijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
starbidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
starbijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
starbidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
starbijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
starbidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
starbi (class-1 present singular weak)
starbiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
starbijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
starbid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *stierfan

⇒ Old English: āstierfan

Old Saxon: *sterven

Middle Low German: sterven

Old High German: *sterben

Middle High German: sterben

⇒ Old High German: irsterben


slaubijan

slaubijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
slaubijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
slaubijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
slaubijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
slaubiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
slaubidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
slaubisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
slaubidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
slaubidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
slaubiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
slaubidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
slaubidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
slaubijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
slaubidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
slaubiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
slaubidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
slaubijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
slaubidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
slaubijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
slaubidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
slaubijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
slaubidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
slaubijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
slaubidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
slaubijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
slaubidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
slaubijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
slaubidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
slaubijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
slaubidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
slaubi (class-1 present singular weak)
slaubiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
slaubijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
slaubid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: slīefan

Middle English: sleven

Old Saxon: *slōvian

Middle Low German: slôven

Old Dutch: *slōven

Middle Dutch: slôven

Dutch: sloven

From *slaubu (“covering, sleeve”) + *-jan.


spalkijan

spalkijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
spalkijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
spalkijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
spalkijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
spalkiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
spalkidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
spalkisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
spalkidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spalkidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spalkiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
spalkidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spalkidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spalkijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
spalkidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
spalkiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
spalkidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
spalkijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
spalkidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
spalkijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
spalkidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
spalkijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
spalkidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spalkijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
spalkidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spalkijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
spalkidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
spalkijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
spalkidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
spalkijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
spalkidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
spalki (class-1 present singular weak)
spalkiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
spalkijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
spalkid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: spelcan, spilcan

Middle English: spelken, spilken

Old Dutch: *spelken

Middle Dutch: *spelken

Dutch: spelken (West Flemish)

⇒ Middle Dutch: afspelken


staigijan

staigijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
staigijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
staigijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
staigijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
staigiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
staigidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
staigisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
staigidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
staigidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
staigiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
staigidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
staigidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
staigijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
staigidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
staigiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
staigidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
staigijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
staigidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
staigijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
staigidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
staigijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
staigidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
staigijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
staigidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
staigijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
staigidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
staigijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
staigidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
staigijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
staigidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
staigi (class-1 present singular weak)
staigiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
staigijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
staigid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *stǣgan

⇒ Old English: āstǣgan

Old Dutch: *steigen

Middle Dutch: steigen

Dutch: steigen (Southern dialects)

Old High German: *steigen

Middle High German: steigen


mōdōn

mōdōn (infinitive)
mōdōnijas (genitive infinitive)
mōdōnijē (dative infinitive)
mōdōniju (infinitive instrumental)
mōdō (first-person present singular)
mōdōdā (first-person past singular)
mōdōs (present second-person singular)
mōdōdēs (past second-person singular)
mōdōdōs (past second-person singular)
mōdōþ (present singular third-person)
mōdōdē (past singular third-person)
mōdōdā (past singular third-person)
mōdōm (first-person plural present)
mōdōdum (first-person past plural)
mōdōþ (plural present second-person)
mōdōdud (past plural second-person)
mōdōnþ (plural present third-person)
mōdōdun (past plural third-person)
mōdōdī (first-person past singular)
mōdōdī (past second-person singular)
mōdō (present singular third-person)
mōdōdī (past singular third-person)
mōdōdīm (first-person past plural)
mōdōdīd (past plural second-person)
mōdōn (plural present third-person)
mōdōdīn (past plural third-person)
mōdō (present singular)
mōdōþ (plural present)
mōdōndī (participle present)
mōdōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: *mōdia

⇒ Old Frisian: formodia

Old Saxon: mōdon

Middle Low German: môden

Old Dutch: *muodon (or from *mōdijan)

Middle Dutch: moeden

Dutch: moeden (obsolete)

Old High German: muotōn

Middle High German: muoten


mōdijan

mōdijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
mōdijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
mōdijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
mōdijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
mōdiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
mōdidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
mōdisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
mōdidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
mōdidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
mōdiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
mōdidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
mōdidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
mōdijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
mōdidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
mōdiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
mōdidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
mōdijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
mōdidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
mōdijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
mōdidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
mōdijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
mōdidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
mōdijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
mōdidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
mōdijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
mōdidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
mōdijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
mōdidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
mōdijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
mōdidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
mōdi (class-1 present singular weak)
mōdiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
mōdijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
mōdid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *mœ̄dan

⇒ Old English: unmœ̄dan

Old Saxon: *mōdian

Middle Low German: mȫden

⇒ Old Saxon: farmōdian

Old Dutch: *muoden (or from *mōdōn)

Middle Dutch: moeden

Dutch: moeden (obsolete)

Old High German: muoten

Middle High German: müeten


anstijan

anstijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
anstijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
anstijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
anstijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
anstiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
anstidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
anstisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
anstidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
anstidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
anstiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
anstidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
anstidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
anstijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
anstidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
anstiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
anstidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
anstijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
anstidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
anstijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
anstidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
anstijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
anstidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
anstijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
anstidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
anstijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
anstidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
anstijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
anstidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
anstijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
anstidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
ansti (class-1 present singular weak)
anstiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
anstijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
anstid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: ēstan, œ̄stan

Old High German: *ensten

Middle High German: ensten

From Proto-Germanic *anstijaną, equivalent to *ansti (“favour, affection”) + *-jan.


pundijan

pundijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
pundijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
pundijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
pundijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
pundiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
pundidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
pundisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
pundidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
pundidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
pundiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
pundidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
pundidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
pundijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
pundidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
pundiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
pundidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
pundijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
pundidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
pundijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
pundidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
pundijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
pundidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
pundijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
pundidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
pundijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
pundidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
pundijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
pundidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
pundijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
pundidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
pundi (class-1 present singular weak)
pundiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
pundijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
pundid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *pyndan
Middle English: pynden, pende, peynde, poyne, puinde, pynde (coalesced with descendant of ġepyndan)
English: pind (dialectal)
Middle Scots: poynd, puynd
Scots: pund, puind, poind, pynd, pind
→ English: poind
→ Old Norse: pynda
Icelandic: pynda, pynta

Old Frisian: *penda

desc

⇒ Old Frisian: bipenda (“to lock up, make inaccessible”)


diurijan

diurijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
diurijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
diurijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
diurijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
diuriju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
diuridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
diurisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
diuridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
diuridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
diuriþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
diuridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
diuridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
diurijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
diuridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
diuriþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
diuridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
diurijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
diuridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
diurijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
diuridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
diurijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
diuridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
diurijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
diuridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
diurijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
diuridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
diurijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
diuridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
diurijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
diuridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
diuri (class-1 present singular weak)
diuriþ (class-1 plural present weak)
diurijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
diurid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: dīeran, dēoran, dȳran

Old Saxon: diurian

Old High German: tiuren

From *diurī (“valuable, precious”) + *-jan.


furþrijan

furþrijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
furþrijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
furþrijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
furþrijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
furþriju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
furþridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
furþrisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
furþridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
furþridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
furþriþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
furþridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
furþridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
furþrijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
furþridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
furþriþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
furþridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
furþrijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
furþridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
furþrijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
furþridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
furþrijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
furþridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
furþrijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
furþridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
furþrijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
furþridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
furþrijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
furþridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
furþrijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
furþridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
furþri (class-1 present singular weak)
furþriþ (class-1 plural present weak)
furþrijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
furþrid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: fyrþran

Middle English: firþren

Old Frisian: fordera

Old Saxon: *furthirian

Middle Low German: vȫrderen, vȫrdern, vürderen, vürdern

Old High German: furdiren

Middle High German: vürderen, vürdern

German: fördern


forþ(a)rōn

forþrōn (canonical)
forþrōn (infinitive)
forþarōn (infinitive)
forþrōnijas (genitive infinitive)
forþarōnijas (genitive infinitive)
forþrōnijē (dative infinitive)
forþarōnijē (dative infinitive)
forþrōniju (infinitive instrumental)
forþarōniju (infinitive instrumental)
forþrō (first-person present singular)
forþarō (first-person present singular)
forþrōdā (first-person past singular)
forþarōdā (first-person past singular)
forþrōs (present second-person singular)
forþarōs (present second-person singular)
forþrōdēs (past second-person singular)
forþarōdēs (past second-person singular)
forþrōdōs (past second-person singular)
forþarōdōs (past second-person singular)
forþrōþ (present singular third-person)
forþarōþ (present singular third-person)
forþrōdē (past singular third-person)
forþarōdē (past singular third-person)
forþrōdā (past singular third-person)
forþarōdā (past singular third-person)
forþrōm (first-person plural present)
forþarōm (first-person plural present)
forþrōdum (first-person past plural)
forþarōdum (first-person past plural)
forþrōþ (plural present second-person)
forþarōþ (plural present second-person)
forþrōdud (past plural second-person)
forþarōdud (past plural second-person)
forþrōnþ (plural present third-person)
forþarōnþ (plural present third-person)
forþrōdun (past plural third-person)
forþarōdun (past plural third-person)
forþrōdī (first-person past singular)
forþarōdī (first-person past singular)
forþrōdī (past second-person singular)
forþarōdī (past second-person singular)
forþrō (present singular third-person)
forþarō (present singular third-person)
forþrōdī (past singular third-person)
forþarōdī (past singular third-person)
forþrōdīm (first-person past plural)
forþarōdīm (first-person past plural)
forþrōdīd (past plural second-person)
forþarōdīd (past plural second-person)
forþrōn (plural present third-person)
forþarōn (plural present third-person)
forþrōdīn (past plural third-person)
forþarōdīn (past plural third-person)
forþrō (present singular)
forþarō (present singular)
forþrōþ (plural present)
forþarōþ (plural present)
forþrōndī (participle present)
forþarōndī (participle present)
forþrōd (participle past)
forþarōd (participle past)

Old English: *furþrian

Middle English: furþeren, forþeren

English: further

Old Frisian: *forderia

West Frisian: foarderje

Old Saxon: *fortharon

Middle Low German: vôrderen, vôrdern

→ Danish: fordre

→ Norwegian Bokmål: fordre

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: fordre, fordra

→ Swedish: fordra

Old Dutch: fortheron

Middle Dutch: vorderen

Dutch: vorderen

Old High German: fordarōn

Middle High German: vorderen, vordern

German: fordern

Yiddish: פֿאָדערן (fodern)

From *forþar (“further”) + *-ōn, the former ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to go forth”).


swiknijan

swiknijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
swiknijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
swiknijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
swiknijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
swikniju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
swiknidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
swiknisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
swiknidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swiknidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swikniþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
swiknidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swiknidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swiknijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
swiknidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
swikniþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
swiknidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
swiknijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
swiknidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
swiknijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
swiknidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
swiknijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
swiknidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swiknijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
swiknidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swiknijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
swiknidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
swiknijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
swiknidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
swiknijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
swiknidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
swikni (class-1 present singular weak)
swikniþ (class-1 plural present weak)
swiknijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
swiknid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: swicnan


gauwjan

gauwjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
gauwjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
gauwjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
gauwjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
gauwju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
gawidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
gawisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
gawidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
gawidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
gawiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
gawidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
gawidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
gauwjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
gawidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
gawiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
gawidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
gauwjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
gawidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
gauwjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
gawidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
gauwjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
gawidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
gauwjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
gawidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
gauwjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
gawidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
gauwjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
gawidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
gauwjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
gawidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
gawi (class-1 present singular weak)
gawiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
gauwjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
gawid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: ġēġan, ġēn, ġǣn
Middle English: ȝeȝen, ȝeiȝen, ȝeien, yeyen

Old Frisian: *gēia

>? West Frisian: geie

⇒ Old High German: *gouwezzen

Middle High German: *gouezen, *gouzen

German: gauzen


selkan

selkan (infinitive)
selkannjas (genitive infinitive)
selkannjē (dative infinitive)
selkannju (infinitive instrumental)
selku (first-person present singular)
salk (first-person past singular)
silkiʀi (present second-person singular)
sulkī (past second-person singular)
silkidi (present singular third-person)
salk (past singular third-person)
selkum (first-person plural present)
sulkum (first-person past plural)
silkid (plural present second-person)
sulkud (past plural second-person)
selkand (plural present third-person)
sulkun (past plural third-person)
selkē (first-person present singular)
sulkī (first-person past singular)
selkēs (present second-person singular)
selkē (present singular third-person)
sulkī (past singular third-person)
selkēm (first-person plural present)
sulkīm (first-person past plural)
selkēþ (plural present second-person)
sulkīd (past plural second-person)
selkēn (plural present third-person)
sulkīn (past plural third-person)
silk (present singular)
silkid (plural present)
selkandī (participle present)
solkan (participle past)

Old English: *seolcan

desc

⇒ Old English: āseolcan (“to be slow; be weak or slothful; languish”)

⇒ Old English: *beseolcan

⇒ Old English: besolcen (past participle)

desctree

⇒ Old English: *solcen, *ġesolcen (past participle)
Middle English: *solken, *solke
⇒ English: sulky (“limp, droopy”)
⇒ English: sulk (verb) (back-formation)
⇒ Scots: sulk (verb) (back-formation)

Old High German: *selkan

Middle High German: selken

desc

⇒ Middle High German: verselken, versëlken

⇒ Old High German: irselkan

⇒ Old High German: giselkēn

⇒ Old High German: selkenēn


ūtōn

ūtōn (infinitive)
ūtōnijas (genitive infinitive)
ūtōnijē (dative infinitive)
ūtōniju (infinitive instrumental)
ūtō (first-person present singular)
ūtōdā (first-person past singular)
ūtōs (present second-person singular)
ūtōdēs (past second-person singular)
ūtōdōs (past second-person singular)
ūtōþ (present singular third-person)
ūtōdē (past singular third-person)
ūtōdā (past singular third-person)
ūtōm (first-person plural present)
ūtōdum (first-person past plural)
ūtōþ (plural present second-person)
ūtōdud (past plural second-person)
ūtōnþ (plural present third-person)
ūtōdun (past plural third-person)
ūtōdī (first-person past singular)
ūtōdī (past second-person singular)
ūtō (present singular third-person)
ūtōdī (past singular third-person)
ūtōdīm (first-person past plural)
ūtōdīd (past plural second-person)
ūtōn (plural present third-person)
ūtōdīn (past plural third-person)
ūtō (present singular)
ūtōþ (plural present)
ūtōndī (participle present)
ūtōd (participle past)

Old English: ūtian

Middle English: outen

English: out

Old Frisian: ūtia

Old Saxon: *ūton

Middle Low German: ūten

desctree

Old Dutch: *ūton
Middle Dutch: uten
Dutch: uiten
Afrikaans: uit

Old High German: ūzōn

Middle High German: ūzen

German: außen (obsolete)


ūtijan

ūtijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
ūtijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
ūtijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
ūtijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
ūtiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
ūtidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
ūtisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
ūtidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
ūtidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
ūtiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
ūtidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
ūtidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
ūtijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
ūtidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
ūtiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
ūtidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
ūtijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
ūtidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
ūtijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
ūtidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
ūtijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
ūtidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
ūtijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
ūtidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
ūtijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
ūtidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
ūtijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
ūtidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
ūtijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
ūtidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
ūti (class-1 present singular weak)
ūtiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
ūtijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
ūtid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: ȳtan

From Proto-Germanic *ūtijaną, equivalent to *ūt (“out, outside”) + *-jan.


sparrijan

sparrijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
sparrijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
sparrijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
sparrijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
sparriju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
sparridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sparrisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
sparridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sparridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sparriþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
sparridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sparridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sparrijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
sparridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sparriþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
sparridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
sparrijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
sparridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sparrijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
sparridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sparrijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
sparridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sparrijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
sparridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sparrijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
sparridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sparrijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
sparridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
sparrijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
sparridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sparri (class-1 present singular weak)
sparriþ (class-1 plural present weak)
sparrijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
sparrid (class-1 participle past weak)

desc

>? Old English: sperran, spierran, spyrran

Middle English: sperren

Old Saxon: *sperrian

Middle Low German: sperren

German Low German: sperren

Old Dutch: *sperren

Middle Dutch: sperren

Dutch: sperren

Old High German: sperren

Middle High German: sperren

German: sperren

From Proto-Germanic *sparrijaną, equivalent to *sparrō (“wooden beam, log”) + *-jan.


spittjan

spittjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
spittjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
spittjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
spittjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
spittju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
spittā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
spitisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
spittēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spittōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spitiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
spittē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spittā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spittjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
spittum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
spitiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
spittud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
spittjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
spittun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
spittjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
spittī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
spittjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
spittī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spittjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
spittī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spittjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
spittīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
spittjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
spittīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
spittjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
spittīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
spiti (class-1 present singular weak)
spitiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
spittjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
spitt (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: spittan

Middle English: spitten

English: spit

Old Frisian: *spitta

West Frisian: spitte

Old Saxon: *spittian

Middle Low German: spitten

Old Dutch: *spitten

Middle Dutch: spitten

Dutch: spitten


spurnijan

spurnijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
spurnijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
spurnijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
spurnijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
spurniju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
spurnidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
spurnisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
spurnidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spurnidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spurniþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
spurnidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spurnidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spurnijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
spurnidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
spurniþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
spurnidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
spurnijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
spurnidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
spurnijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
spurnidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
spurnijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
spurnidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spurnijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
spurnidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spurnijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
spurnidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
spurnijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
spurnidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
spurnijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
spurnidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
spurni (class-1 present singular weak)
spurniþ (class-1 plural present weak)
spurnijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
spurnid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: spyrnan

Middle English: spirnen, spernen

Old Dutch: *spurnen

⇒ Old Dutch: witherspurnen

Old High German: spurnen

Middle High German: spürnen


aiskungu

From *aiskōn (“to claim, ask for”) + *-ungu.


aiskungu

aiskungu (nominative singular)
aiskungō (nominative plural)
aiskungā (accusative singular)
aiskungā (accusative plural)
aiskungā (genitive singular)
aiskungō (genitive plural)
aiskungē (dative singular)
aiskungōm (dative plural)
aiskungum (dative plural)
aiskungu (instrumental singular)
aiskungōm (instrumental plural)
aiskungum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: āscung, ācsung, āxung
Middle English: asking, askynge
English: asking
Scots: asking, askin

Old Frisian: āskinge

Saterland Frisian: Aaskenge

Old Saxon: *ēskunga

desc

Middle Low German: êschinge, eischinge, hêschinge

Old Dutch: *eiskunga

Middle Dutch: eischinghe, eisscinge, esscinge, eesscinge, heesscinge, heescinge, heiscinge

Dutch: eising

Old High German: eiskunga

Middle High German: eischunge, heischunge

German: Heischung


hārīn

hārīn (masculine nominative singular)
hārīnu (feminine nominative singular)
hārīn (neuter nominative singular)
hārīnanā (accusative masculine singular)
hārīnā (accusative feminine singular)
hārīn (accusative neuter singular)
hārīnas (genitive masculine singular)
hārīneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
hārīnas (genitive neuter singular)
hārīnumē (dative masculine singular)
hārīneʀē (dative feminine singular)
hārīnumē (dative neuter singular)
hārīnu (instrumental masculine singular)
hārīneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
hārīnu (instrumental neuter singular)
hārīnē (masculine nominative plural)
hārīnō (feminine nominative plural)
hārīnu (neuter nominative plural)
hārīnā (accusative masculine plural)
hārīnā (accusative feminine plural)
hārīnu (accusative neuter plural)
hārīneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
hārīneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
hārīneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
hārīnēm (dative masculine plural)
hārīnum (dative masculine plural)
hārīnēm (dative feminine plural)
hārīnum (dative feminine plural)
hārīnēm (dative neuter plural)
hārīnum (dative neuter plural)
hārīnēm (instrumental masculine plural)
hārīnum (instrumental masculine plural)
hārīnēm (feminine instrumental plural)
hārīnum (feminine instrumental plural)
hārīnēm (instrumental neuter plural)
hārīnum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: hǣren

Middle English: heren, heeren

English: hairen

Scots: herin, hairn, hairen

Old Frisian: *hēren

West Frisian: hierren

Old Saxon: *hārīn

Middle Low German: hâren

Old Dutch: *hārīn

Middle Dutch: harijn

Dutch: haren

Old High German: hārīn

Middle High German: hærīn

German: hären

From *hār (“hair”) + *-īn (adjective suffix).


sadōn

sadōn (infinitive)
sadōnijas (genitive infinitive)
sadōnijē (dative infinitive)
sadōniju (infinitive instrumental)
sadō (first-person present singular)
sadōdā (first-person past singular)
sadōs (present second-person singular)
sadōdēs (past second-person singular)
sadōdōs (past second-person singular)
sadōþ (present singular third-person)
sadōdē (past singular third-person)
sadōdā (past singular third-person)
sadōm (first-person plural present)
sadōdum (first-person past plural)
sadōþ (plural present second-person)
sadōdud (past plural second-person)
sadōnþ (plural present third-person)
sadōdun (past plural third-person)
sadōdī (first-person past singular)
sadōdī (past second-person singular)
sadō (present singular third-person)
sadōdī (past singular third-person)
sadōdīm (first-person past plural)
sadōdīd (past plural second-person)
sadōn (plural present third-person)
sadōdīn (past plural third-person)
sadō (present singular)
sadōþ (plural present)
sadōndī (participle present)
sadōd (participle past)

Old English: sadian

desctree

Middle English: saden, saade, sad, sadde, saddyn, sade
English: sade (dialectal)
Scots: sad

Old Dutch: *sadon

Middle Dutch: saden

Dutch: zaden (obsolete)

Old High German: satōn

Middle High German: saten, satten

German: satten (obsolete)


wilgijā

wilgijā (nominative singular)
wilgijōn (nominative plural)
wilgijōn (accusative singular)
wilgijōn (accusative plural)
wilgijōn (genitive singular)
wilgijōnō (genitive plural)
wilgijōn (dative singular)
wilgijōm (dative plural)
wilgijum (dative plural)
wilgijōn (instrumental singular)
wilgijōm (instrumental plural)
wilgijum (instrumental plural)
*wiligjā (alternative)

Old English: wilige, wylige, wylie

desc

Middle English: wylugh, wylgh, welogh, wilwe, wili, whily

English: willow; English: weel

⇒ English: weely

Old Frisian: *wilge

Saterland Frisian: Wíelge, Wüülge

Old Saxon: wilgia

Middle Low German: wilge

German Low German: Wilge

desctree

Old Dutch: *wilga
Middle Dutch: wilge f
Dutch: wilg m
Afrikaans: wilg

Old High German: *wilga

Middle High German: wilge

German: Wilge


-wintrī

-wintrī (masculine nominative singular)
-wintriju (feminine nominative singular)
-wintrī (neuter nominative singular)
-wintrijanā (accusative masculine singular)
-wintrijā (accusative feminine singular)
-wintrī (accusative neuter singular)
-wintrijas (genitive masculine singular)
-wintrijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
-wintrijas (genitive neuter singular)
-wintrijumē (dative masculine singular)
-wintrijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
-wintrijumē (dative neuter singular)
-wintriju (instrumental masculine singular)
-wintrijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
-wintriju (instrumental neuter singular)
-wintrijē (masculine nominative plural)
-wintrijō (feminine nominative plural)
-wintriju (neuter nominative plural)
-wintrijā (accusative masculine plural)
-wintrijā (accusative feminine plural)
-wintriju (accusative neuter plural)
-wintrijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
-wintrijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
-wintrijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
-wintrijēm (dative masculine plural)
-wintrijum (dative masculine plural)
-wintrijēm (dative feminine plural)
-wintrijum (dative feminine plural)
-wintrijēm (dative neuter plural)
-wintrijum (dative neuter plural)
-wintrijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
-wintrijum (instrumental masculine plural)
-wintrijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
-wintrijum (feminine instrumental plural)
-wintrijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
-wintrijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: -wintre

Middle English: -winter

From Proto-Germanic *-wintruz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


twalifwintrī

twalifwintrī (masculine nominative singular)
twalifwintriju (feminine nominative singular)
twalifwintrī (neuter nominative singular)
twalifwintrijanā (accusative masculine singular)
twalifwintrijā (accusative feminine singular)
twalifwintrī (accusative neuter singular)
twalifwintrijas (genitive masculine singular)
twalifwintrijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
twalifwintrijas (genitive neuter singular)
twalifwintrijumē (dative masculine singular)
twalifwintrijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
twalifwintrijumē (dative neuter singular)
twalifwintriju (instrumental masculine singular)
twalifwintrijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
twalifwintriju (instrumental neuter singular)
twalifwintrijē (masculine nominative plural)
twalifwintrijō (feminine nominative plural)
twalifwintriju (neuter nominative plural)
twalifwintrijā (accusative masculine plural)
twalifwintrijā (accusative feminine plural)
twalifwintriju (accusative neuter plural)
twalifwintrijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
twalifwintrijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
twalifwintrijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
twalifwintrijēm (dative masculine plural)
twalifwintrijum (dative masculine plural)
twalifwintrijēm (dative feminine plural)
twalifwintrijum (dative feminine plural)
twalifwintrijēm (dative neuter plural)
twalifwintrijum (dative neuter plural)
twalifwintrijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
twalifwintrijum (instrumental masculine plural)
twalifwintrijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
twalifwintrijum (feminine instrumental plural)
twalifwintrijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
twalifwintrijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: twelfwintre

From Proto-Germanic *twalifwintruz. Equivalent to *twalif + *-wintrī.


jāmarōn

jāmarōn (infinitive)
jāmarōnijas (genitive infinitive)
jāmarōnijē (dative infinitive)
jāmarōniju (infinitive instrumental)
jāmarō (first-person present singular)
jāmarōdā (first-person past singular)
jāmarōs (present second-person singular)
jāmarōdēs (past second-person singular)
jāmarōdōs (past second-person singular)
jāmarōþ (present singular third-person)
jāmarōdē (past singular third-person)
jāmarōdā (past singular third-person)
jāmarōm (first-person plural present)
jāmarōdum (first-person past plural)
jāmarōþ (plural present second-person)
jāmarōdud (past plural second-person)
jāmarōnþ (plural present third-person)
jāmarōdun (past plural third-person)
jāmarōdī (first-person past singular)
jāmarōdī (past second-person singular)
jāmarō (present singular third-person)
jāmarōdī (past singular third-person)
jāmarōdīm (first-person past plural)
jāmarōdīd (past plural second-person)
jāmarōn (plural present third-person)
jāmarōdīn (past plural third-person)
jāmarō (present singular)
jāmarōþ (plural present)
jāmarōndī (participle present)
jāmarōd (participle past)
*jāmrōn (alternative)

Old English: ġeōmerian, ġeōmrian

Middle English: ȝomeren, ȝeomeren, ȝameren, yemeren

English: yammer

Scots: yammer

Old Frisian: *jāmerja

Saterland Frisian: jammerje

West Frisian: jammerje

Old Saxon: *jāmarōn

Middle Low German: jâmeren, jammeren

German Low German: jammern

→ Danish: jamre

→ Norwegian: jamre

Old Dutch: *jāmaron

Middle Dutch: iammeren, *jammeren

Dutch: jammeren

Afrikaans: jammer

Old High German: jāmarōn

Middle High German: jāmeren, jāmern, jāmren, āmern

German: jammern

From Proto-Germanic *jēmarōną, from Proto-Germanic *jēmaraz (“sad”).


þornu

þornu (nominative singular)
þurniwi (nominative plural)
þornō (nominative plural)
þornu (accusative singular)
þornū (accusative plural)
þornō (genitive singular)
þurniwō (genitive plural)
þurniwi (dative singular)
þornō (dative singular)
þornum (dative plural)
þornu (instrumental singular)
þornum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: thorniun (dative plural)

Old Dutch: thorni (nominative plural)

Old High German: dornin, dornen (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *þurnuz, an alternative form of *þurnaz. The scattered descendants of this form soon took on i-stem forms.


sterbō

sterbō (nominative singular)
sterban (nominative plural)
sterban (accusative singular)
sterban (accusative plural)
stirbini (genitive singular)
sterban (genitive singular)
sterbanō (genitive plural)
stirbini (dative singular)
sterban (dative singular)
sterbum (dative plural)
stirbini (instrumental singular)
sterban (instrumental singular)
sterbum (instrumental plural)

Old English: steorfa
Middle English: steorve, steorfa, storve, sterve (early)

Old Frisian: sterva

Old Saxon: stervo

Middle Low German: sterve, starve

Old Dutch: stervo

Middle Dutch: sterve, sterf

Old High German: sterbo

Middle High German: sterbe


aiwijan

aiwijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
aiwijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
aiwijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
aiwijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
aiwiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
aiwidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
aiwisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
aiwidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
aiwidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
aiwiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
aiwidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
aiwidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
aiwijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
aiwidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
aiwiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
aiwidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
aiwijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
aiwidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
aiwijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
aiwidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
aiwijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
aiwidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
aiwijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
aiwidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
aiwijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
aiwidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
aiwijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
aiwidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
aiwijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
aiwidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
aiwi (class-1 present singular weak)
aiwiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
aiwijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
aiwid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: ǣwan

Old High German: ēwen

Middle High German: ēwen

German: ehen (dated)

From *aiw (“law”) + *-jan. Compare also 𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usaiwjan, “to exert oneself”). Which suggests a common Proto-Germanic ancestor *aiwijaną, but this reconstruction has semantic issues.


lubōn

lubōn (infinitive)
lubōnijas (genitive infinitive)
lubōnijē (dative infinitive)
lubōniju (infinitive instrumental)
lubō (first-person present singular)
lubōdā (first-person past singular)
lubōs (present second-person singular)
lubōdēs (past second-person singular)
lubōdōs (past second-person singular)
lubōþ (present singular third-person)
lubōdē (past singular third-person)
lubōdā (past singular third-person)
lubōm (first-person plural present)
lubōdum (first-person past plural)
lubōþ (plural present second-person)
lubōdud (past plural second-person)
lubōnþ (plural present third-person)
lubōdun (past plural third-person)
lubōdī (first-person past singular)
lubōdī (past second-person singular)
lubō (present singular third-person)
lubōdī (past singular third-person)
lubōdīm (first-person past plural)
lubōdīd (past plural second-person)
lubōn (plural present third-person)
lubōdīn (past plural third-person)
lubō (present singular)
lubōþ (plural present)
lubōndī (participle present)
lubōd (participle past)

Old English: lufian, lufġean
Middle English: loven, lofe, love, lovye, lovyen, lowen, lufe, lufen, luffe, luve, loviȝe, lovin, lufian, lufiæn, lufiȝe, lufiȝen, luvan, luven, luvie, luvien, luviȝe, luviȝen, luvyen (Early Middle English), lufenn (Ormulum)
English: love
Scots: luve

Old Frisian: luvia
Saterland Frisian: lúuvje

Old High German: lubōn


tilljan

tilljan (class-1 infinitive weak)
tilljannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
tilljannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
tilljannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
tillju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tildā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tilisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tildēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tildōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tiliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tildē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tildā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tilljum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tildum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tiliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tildud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tilljanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tildun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tilljē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tildī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tilljēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tildī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tilljē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tildī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tilljēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tildīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tilljēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tildīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tilljēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tildīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tili (class-1 present singular weak)
tiliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
tilljandī (class-1 participle present weak)
tild (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *tillan

Middle English: tillen

⇒ Old English: ġetillan

Old High German: zillen

Middle High German: zillen

From *til (“goal, target, purpose”) + *-jan.


tilljan

Old Frisian: tilla

West Frisian: tille

Old Saxon: *tillian

Middle Low German: *tillen

Low German: tillen

⇒ Middle Low German: uptillen

Old Dutch: *tillen

Middle Dutch: tillen

Dutch: tillen

Unknown, could be related to the first entry.


haliþō barnu

Old English: hæleþa bearn

Old Saxon: helithō barn

From *haliþ "hero" + *barn "children." Has a possible analog in Old Norse hǫlda synir.


firhwijō barnu

Old English: fíra bearn

Old Saxon: firihō barn

From *firhwijō (“humans, people”) + *barn (“children”). Possible analog to Old Norse fíra synir.


mākijas aggju

Old English: mǣċes eċġ

Old Saxon: mākies eggia

From Proto-West Germanic *mākī "sword" + *aggju "edge," possibly from Proto-Germanic *mēkijas agjō with a cognate in Old Norse mækis egg.


mannō barnu

Old English: manna bearn

Old Saxon: mannō barn

From *mann (“man”) + *barn (“children”). Has a possible analog in Old Norse manna synir.


auʀahring

auʀahhring (nominative singular)
auʀahhringō (nominative plural)
auʀahhringōs (nominative plural)
auʀahhring (accusative singular)
auʀahhringā (accusative plural)
auʀahhringas (genitive singular)
auʀahhringō (genitive plural)
auʀahhringē (dative singular)
auʀahhringum (dative plural)
auʀahhringu (instrumental singular)
auʀahhringum (instrumental plural)
*auʀhring (alternative)

Old English: ēarhring

Middle English: ere ring

English: earring

Scots: earring

Old Frisian: *ārhring

Saterland Frisian: Oorring

West Frisian: earring

Old Saxon: ōrhring

Middle Low German: ôrrinc, ôrerinc

German Low German: Ohrring

→ Danish: ørering (calque)

→ Swedish: örring (calque)

→ Norwegian: ørering (calque)

Old Dutch: *ōrring

Middle Dutch: ôrrinc

Dutch: oorring

→ French: orin

→ Italian: aurica

→ Portuguese: ourinque

→ Spanish: orinque

→ Catalan: orri

→ Breton: oring

Old High German: ōrring

Middle High German: ōrrinc

German: Ohrring


swerdas aggju

Old English: sweordes eċġ

Old Saxon: swerdes eggia

From Proto-West Germanic *swerd "sword" + *aggju "edge." Compare *mākijas aggju.


īdalnassī

īdalnassī (nominative singular)
īdalnassīn (accusative singular)
īdalnassīn (genitive singular)
īdalnassīn (dative singular)
īdalnassīn (instrumental singular)

Old English: īdelness, īdelnes

Middle English: idelnesse, ydelnesse

English: idleness

Scots: idilnes, ydilnes

Old Frisian: īdelnisse

Old Saxon: īdalnussi

Old Dutch: īdelnussi

Middle Dutch: ijdelnisse

Dutch: ijdelnis (obsolete)

Old High German: ītalnissa


regnawurmi

regnawurmi (nominative singular)
regnawurmī (nominative plural)
regnawurmi (accusative singular)
regnawurmī (accusative plural)
regnawurmī (genitive singular)
regnawurmijō (genitive plural)
regnawurmī (dative singular)
regnawurmim (dative plural)
regnawurmijum (dative plural)
regnawurmī (instrumental singular)
regnawurmim (instrumental plural)
regnawurmijum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: reġnwyrm, rēnwyrm
Middle English: *reinwurm, *reinworm
English: rainworm

Old Frisian: *reinwerm, *reinwirm

West Frisian: reinwjirm

Old Saxon: *reganwurm, *reginwurm

Middle Low German: rēgenworm

German Low German: Regenwurm

Old Dutch: *reganwurm

Middle Dutch: *regenworm

Dutch: regenworm

Afrikaans: reënwurm

Old High German: reganwurm

Middle High German: regenwurm, reinwurm

German: Regenwurm


sunnōn leuht

sunnōn leuht (nominative singular)
sunnōn leuhtu (nominative plural)
sunnōn leuht (accusative singular)
sunnōn leuhtu (accusative plural)
sunnōn leuhtas (genitive singular)
sunnōn leuhtō (genitive plural)
sunnōn leuhtē (dative singular)
sunnōn leuhtum (dative plural)
sunnōn leuhtu (instrumental singular)
sunnōn leuhtum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sunnan leoht

Middle English: sonnelight, sunneliht

English: sunlight

Dutch: zonlicht

Old High German: sunnūnlioht

Middle High German: sunnenlieht

German: Sonnenlicht


halbijan

halbijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
halbijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
halbijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
halbijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
halbiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
halbidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
halbisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
halbidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
halbidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
halbiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
halbidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
halbidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
halbijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
halbidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
halbiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
halbidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
halbijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
halbidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
halbijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
halbidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
halbijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
halbidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
halbijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
halbidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
halbijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
halbidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
halbijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
halbidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
halbijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
halbidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
halbi (class-1 present singular weak)
halbiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
halbijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
halbid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: hielfan

Old High German: *helben

Middle High German: helben


silubrijan

silubrijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
silubrijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
silubrijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
silubrijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
silubriju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
silubridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
silubrisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
silubridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
silubridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
silubriþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
silubridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
silubridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
silubrijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
silubridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
silubriþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
silubridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
silubrijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
silubridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
silubrijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
silubridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
silubrijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
silubridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
silubrijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
silubridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
silubrijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
silubridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
silubrijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
silubridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
silubrijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
silubridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
silubri (class-1 present singular weak)
silubriþ (class-1 plural present weak)
silubrijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
silubrid (class-1 participle past weak)

desc

Old English: *silfran, *sielfran, *siolfran

Middle English: silveren

English: silver

Old Saxon: *siluvarian

Middle Low German: silveren, sülveren

Old High German: silabaren

Middle High German: silberen, silbren


bisilubrijan

bisilubrijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
bisilubrijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
bisilubrijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
bisilubrijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
bisilubriju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bisilubridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bisilubrisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bisilubridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bisilubridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bisilubriþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bisilubridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bisilubridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bisilubrijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bisilubridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bisilubriþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bisilubridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bisilubrijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bisilubridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bisilubrijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bisilubridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bisilubrijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bisilubridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bisilubrijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bisilubridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bisilubrijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bisilubridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bisilubrijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bisilubridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bisilubrijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bisilubridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bisilubri (class-1 present singular weak)
bisilubriþ (class-1 plural present weak)
bisilubrijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
bisilubrid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: bisilfran, bisielfran, bisiolfran

Old Dutch: *bisilveren

Middle Dutch: *besilveren

Dutch: bezilveren

Old High German: *bisilabaren

Middle High German: *besilberen, *besilbren

Old High German: besilbern


ubirsilubrijan

ubirsilubrijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
ubirsilubrijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
ubirsilubrijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
ubirsilubrijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
ubirsilubriju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
ubirsilubridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
ubirsilubrisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
ubirsilubridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
ubirsilubridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
ubirsilubriþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
ubirsilubridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
ubirsilubridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
ubirsilubrijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
ubirsilubridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
ubirsilubriþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
ubirsilubridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
ubirsilubrijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
ubirsilubridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
ubirsilubrijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
ubirsilubridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
ubirsilubrijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
ubirsilubridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
ubirsilubrijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
ubirsilubridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
ubirsilubrijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
ubirsilubridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
ubirsilubrijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
ubirsilubridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
ubirsilubrijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
ubirsilubridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
ubirsilubri (class-1 present singular weak)
ubirsilubriþ (class-1 plural present weak)
ubirsilubrijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
ubirsilubrid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *ovarsilveren

Middle Low German: ȫversilveren, ȫversülveren

Old Dutch: *ovirsilveren

Middle Dutch: oversilveren

Dutch: overzilveren

Old High German: ubarsilabaren

Middle High German: übersilberen, übersilbren

Old High German: übersilbern


bihabbjan

bihabbjan (infinitive)
bihabbjannjas (genitive infinitive)
bihabbjannjē (dative infinitive)
bihabbjannju (infinitive instrumental)
bihabbju (first-person present singular)
bihabdā (first-person past singular)
bihabēs (present second-person singular)
bihabdēs (past second-person singular)
bihabdōs (past second-person singular)
bihabēþ (present singular third-person)
bihabdē (past singular third-person)
bihabdā (past singular third-person)
bihabbjum (first-person plural present)
bihabdum (first-person past plural)
bihabēþ (plural present second-person)
bihabdud (past plural second-person)
bihabbjanþ (plural present third-person)
bihabdun (past plural third-person)
bihabbjē (first-person present singular)
bihabdī (first-person past singular)
bihabbjēs (present second-person singular)
bihabdī (past second-person singular)
bihabbjē (present singular third-person)
bihabdī (past singular third-person)
bihabbjēm (first-person plural present)
bihabdīm (first-person past plural)
bihabbjēþ (plural present second-person)
bihabdīd (past plural second-person)
bihabbjēn (plural present third-person)
bihabdīn (past plural third-person)
bihabē (present singular)
bihabēþ (plural present)
bihabbjandī (participle present)
bihabd (participle past)

Old English: behabban

Middle English: bihabben, behaven

English: behave

Scots: behave, behaif

Old Saxon: bihebbian

Middle Low German: behebben, behāven

Low German: behebben

Old Dutch: biheben; behebon

Middle Dutch: *behebben, bihebben

⇒? Middle Dutch: behebd, behebt, behept

Dutch: behept

Old High German: bihaben; bihabēn

Middle High German: behaben, bihaben, biheben, bihān, wehaben, wehān, weheben

German: behaben


bilaubijan

bilaubijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
bilaubijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
bilaubijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
bilaubijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
bilaubiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bilaubidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bilaubisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bilaubidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bilaubidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bilaubiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bilaubidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bilaubidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bilaubijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bilaubidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bilaubiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bilaubidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bilaubijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bilaubidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bilaubijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bilaubidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bilaubijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bilaubidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bilaubijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bilaubidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bilaubijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bilaubidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bilaubijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bilaubidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bilaubijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bilaubidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bilaubi (class-1 present singular weak)
bilaubiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
bilaubijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
bilaubid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: belīefan, belȳfan — Late West Saxon, belēfan — Anglian
Middle English: bileven, beleven, believen, bileoven, bilyfen
English: believe
Scots: beleve

Old Saxon: *bilōvian

Middle Low German: belö̂ven

Old High German: bilouben

Middle High German: belouben


raustijan

raustijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
raustijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
raustijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
raustijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
raustiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
raustidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
raustisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
raustidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
raustidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
raustiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
raustidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
raustidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
raustijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
raustidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
raustiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
raustidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
raustijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
raustidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
raustijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
raustidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
raustijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
raustidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
raustijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
raustidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
raustijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
raustidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
raustijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
raustidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
raustijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
raustidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
rausti (class-1 present singular weak)
raustiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
raustijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
raustid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: rīestan, rēstan

From Proto-Germanic *raustijaną, equivalent to *rausti (“voice”) + *-jan.


raustijan

Old Frisian: *rāsta; *rāstia; (rōster m)

desc

Saterland Frisian: rosterje, rusterje, rustje

(West Frisian: roester)

Old Saxon: *rōstian (attested in rōstunga); (rōst m)

Middle Low German: rôsten; rôsteren; (rôste f)

→ Old Swedish: rosta

Swedish: rosta

Old Dutch: *rōsten

Middle Dutch: rôosten

Dutch: roosten

Old High German: rōsten

Middle High German: rœsten

German: rösten

Hunsrik: reeste

→ Old French: rostir

Middle French: rostir, rôtir

French: rôtir

→ Middle English: rosten

English: roast

→ Esperanto: rosti

→ Galician: rustrir

Likely from *raust (“fire, glow, pyre”) + *-jan, which originated from Proto-Indo-European *rews- (“to crackle; sizzle; roast”); or from Proto-Indo-European *rew- (“to roar; growl; grumble”).


umbihringijan

umbihringijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
umbihringijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
umbihringijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
umbihringijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
umbihringiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
umbihringidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
umbihringisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
umbihringidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
umbihringidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
umbihringiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
umbihringidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
umbihringidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
umbihringijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
umbihringidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
umbihringiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
umbihringidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
umbihringijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
umbihringidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
umbihringijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
umbihringidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
umbihringijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
umbihringidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
umbihringijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
umbihringidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
umbihringijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
umbihringidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
umbihringijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
umbihringidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
umbihringijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
umbihringidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
umbihringi (class-1 present singular weak)
umbihringiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
umbihringijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
umbihringid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: ymbhrinġan

Old Saxon: *umbihringian

desc

Middle Low German: ummeringen, ümmeringen

Old Dutch: *umbiringen

Middle Dutch: omberingen, ommeringen, omberinghen, ommeringhen

Dutch: omringen

Old High German: umbiringen

Middle High German: umberingen, ummeringen

German: umringen


hringōn

hringōn (infinitive)
hringōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hringōnijē (dative infinitive)
hringōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hringō (first-person present singular)
hringōdā (first-person past singular)
hringōs (present second-person singular)
hringōdēs (past second-person singular)
hringōdōs (past second-person singular)
hringōþ (present singular third-person)
hringōdē (past singular third-person)
hringōdā (past singular third-person)
hringōm (first-person plural present)
hringōdum (first-person past plural)
hringōþ (plural present second-person)
hringōdud (past plural second-person)
hringōnþ (plural present third-person)
hringōdun (past plural third-person)
hringōdī (first-person past singular)
hringōdī (past second-person singular)
hringō (present singular third-person)
hringōdī (past singular third-person)
hringōdīm (first-person past plural)
hringōdīd (past plural second-person)
hringōn (plural present third-person)
hringōdīn (past plural third-person)
hringō (present singular)
hringōþ (plural present)
hringōndī (participle present)
hringōd (participle past)

Old English: hringian

Middle English: ringen

English: ring

Old Frisian: *hringia

West Frisian: ringje

Old Saxon: *hringon

Middle Low German: ringen

Old Dutch: *ringon

Middle Dutch: ringen, ringhen

Dutch: ringen

Old High German: ringōn

Middle High German: ringen

From Proto-Germanic *hringōną, equivalent to *hring (“a ring, a circle”) + *-ōn.


gadm

gadm (nominative singular)
gadmu (nominative plural)
gadm (accusative singular)
gadmu (accusative plural)
gadmas (genitive singular)
gadmō (genitive plural)
gadmē (dative singular)
gadmum (dative plural)
gadmu (instrumental singular)
gadmum (instrumental plural)
gadm (nominative singular)
gadmō (nominative plural)
gadmōs (nominative plural)
gadm (accusative singular)
gadmā (accusative plural)
gadmas (genitive singular)
gadmō (genitive plural)
gadmē (dative singular)
gadmum (dative plural)
gadmu (instrumental singular)
gadmum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: gaten, gathen

Old Dutch: *gadem

Middle Dutch: gadem, gademe

Old Saxon: *gadem

Middle Low German: gādem, gāden

Low German: Gadem, Gaden

Old High German: cadum, gadum, gadem, gadam

Middle High German: gadem, gaden

German: Gaden, Gadem, Garden, Garn

Unknown, conceivably from the stem of *gadur (“together”), with the rare suffix as in *bōsm, *butm, *āþm.
The semantic and formal match of African Arabic قَيْطُون (qayṭūn) must be a coincidence.

Adalbert Bezzenberger
Alf Torp
Atlantic (Semitic) languages
August Fick
Hjalmar Falk
Whitley Stokes


stabnijan

stabnijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
stabnijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
stabnijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
stabnijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
stabniju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stabnidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stabnisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stabnidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stabnidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stabniþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stabnidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stabnidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stabnijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stabnidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stabniþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stabnidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stabnijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stabnidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stabnijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stabnidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stabnijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stabnidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stabnijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stabnidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stabnijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stabnidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stabnijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stabnidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stabnijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stabnidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stabni (class-1 present singular weak)
stabniþ (class-1 plural present weak)
stabnijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
stabnid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: stemnan, stefnan

Middle English: stemmen, stevenen

Old Frisian: *stemma

West Frisian: stimme

⇒ Old Frisian: tōjēnisstemma

Old Saxon: *stemnian

Middle Low German: stemmen

→ Norwegian: stemme

→ Swedish: stämma

→ Danish: stemme

Old Dutch: *stemnen

Middle Dutch: stemmen

Dutch: stemmen

>? Old High German: *stimmen (< *stibnijan?)

Middle High German: stimmen

German: stimmen

⇒ Old High German: gistimmen

From Proto-Germanic *stabnijaną, equivalent to *stabnu (“voice”) + *-jan.


stabnijan

Old English: *stefnan

Middle English: stevenen

Old Saxon: *stefnian

Middle Low German: stēvenen, stefnen

Old Dutch: *stefnen

Middle Dutch: *stēvenen

Dutch: stevenen

From Proto-Germanic *stabnijaną, equivalent to *stabn (“stem of a ship”) + *-jan.


rūwijan

rūwijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
rūwijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
rūwijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
rūwijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
rūwiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
rūwidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
rūwisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
rūwidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rūwidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rūwiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
rūwidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rūwidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rūwijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
rūwidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
rūwiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
rūwidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
rūwijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
rūwidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
rūwijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
rūwidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
rūwijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
rūwidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rūwijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
rūwidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rūwijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
rūwidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
rūwijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
rūwidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
rūwijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
rūwidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
rūwi (class-1 present singular weak)
rūwiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
rūwijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
rūwid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: rȳn, rȳan

Old Saxon: *rūhen

Middle Low German: rūen, rūien, rūgen, rūwen

Old Dutch: *rūen

Middle Dutch: ruyen

⇒? Dutch: opruien

Old High German: *rūhen

Middle High German: rūhen


rindijan

rindijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
rindijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
rindijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
rindijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
rindiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
rindidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
rindisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
rindidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rindidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rindiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
rindidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rindidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rindijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
rindidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
rindiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
rindidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
rindijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
rindidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
rindijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
rindidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
rindijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
rindidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rindijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
rindidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rindijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
rindidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
rindijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
rindidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
rindijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
rindidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
rindi (class-1 present singular weak)
rindiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
rindijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
rindid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *rindan

Middle English: rinden

English: rind

⇒ Old English: berindan

Old Saxon: *rindian

Middle Low German: *rinden

⇒ Middle Low German: uprinden

Old High German: *rinten

Middle High German: *rinden

German: rinden

⇒ German: abrinden

⇒ Middle High German: zerrinden

⇒ Middle High German: entrinden

German: entrinden

⇒ Old High German: birinten

Middle High German: *berinten, *berinden

gl

German: berinden (with change in meaning from "remove bark" to "cover with bark")

From *rindu, *rindā (“tree bark”) + *-jan.


tirwijan

tirwijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
tirwijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
tirwijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
tirwijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
tirwiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tirwidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tirwisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tirwidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tirwidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tirwiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tirwidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tirwidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tirwijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tirwidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tirwiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tirwidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tirwijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tirwidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tirwijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tirwidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tirwijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tirwidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tirwijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tirwidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tirwijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tirwidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tirwijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tirwidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tirwijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tirwidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tirwi (class-1 present singular weak)
tirwiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
tirwijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
tirwid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: tierwan

Old Saxon: *tirwen

Middle Low German: tēren

→ German: teeren

Old Dutch: *tirwen

Middle Dutch: tēren, terren (with unexpected gemination of 'r')