keusan

keusan (infinitive)
keusannjas (genitive infinitive)
keusannjē (dative infinitive)
keusannju (infinitive instrumental)
keusu (first-person present singular)
kaus (first-person past singular)
kiusiʀi (present second-person singular)
kuʀī (past second-person singular)
kiusidi (present singular third-person)
kaus (past singular third-person)
keusum (first-person plural present)
kuʀum (first-person past plural)
kiusid (plural present second-person)
kuʀud (past plural second-person)
keusand (plural present third-person)
kuʀun (past plural third-person)
keusē (first-person present singular)
kuʀī (first-person past singular)
keusēs (present second-person singular)
keusē (present singular third-person)
kuʀī (past singular third-person)
keusēm (first-person plural present)
kuʀīm (first-person past plural)
keusēþ (plural present second-person)
kuʀīd (past plural second-person)
keusēn (plural present third-person)
kuʀīn (past plural third-person)
kius (present singular)
kiusid (plural present)
keusandī (participle present)
koʀan (participle past)

desctree

Old English: ċēosan
Middle English: chesen, chees, cheese, cheesen, chese, chesyn, cheose, cheys, chiese, chiesen, chyese, chose, chuse, cesen, cheosen (Early Middle English)
English: choose
Scots: chuise, cheese

Old Frisian: kiāsa, ziāsa

North Frisian: kese

Saterland Frisian: kjoze

West Frisian: kieze

Old Saxon: kiosan

Middle Low German: kêsen, kîsen

German Low German: kiesen

Low German: kesen

→ Old Swedish: kesa

Swedish: kesa

→ Danish: kejse

→ Scanian: késa

Old Dutch: *kiesan
Middle Dutch: kiesen
Dutch: kiezen
Afrikaans: kies

Old High German: kiosan, chiosan

Middle High German: kiesen

German: kiesen


freusan

freusan (infinitive)
freusannjas (genitive infinitive)
freusannjē (dative infinitive)
freusannju (infinitive instrumental)
freusu (first-person present singular)
fraus (first-person past singular)
friusiʀi (present second-person singular)
fruʀī (past second-person singular)
friusidi (present singular third-person)
fraus (past singular third-person)
freusum (first-person plural present)
fruʀum (first-person past plural)
friusid (plural present second-person)
fruʀud (past plural second-person)
freusand (plural present third-person)
fruʀun (past plural third-person)
freusē (first-person present singular)
fruʀī (first-person past singular)
freusēs (present second-person singular)
freusē (present singular third-person)
fruʀī (past singular third-person)
freusēm (first-person plural present)
fruʀīm (first-person past plural)
freusēþ (plural present second-person)
fruʀīd (past plural second-person)
freusēn (plural present third-person)
fruʀīn (past plural third-person)
frius (present singular)
friusid (plural present)
freusandī (participle present)
froʀan (participle past)

Old English: frēosan
Middle English: fresen, freese, frese, freosen
English: freeze
→ Maltese: ffriża
Scots: frese

Old Frisian: *friāsa

North Frisian:

Föhr-Amrum: friis

Sölring: früüs

Saterland Frisian: frjoze

West Frisian: frieze

Old Saxon: friosan
Middle Low German: vrêsen, vreisen
German Low German: fresen
Low German: freern, freren, fresen

Old Dutch: *friesan
Middle Dutch: vriesen
Dutch: vriezen
Afrikaans: vries
→ Papiamentu: fris
Limburgish: vrere, vreze

Old High German: friosan
Middle High German: vriesen, vrieren
Bavarian: frian
Cimbrian: vriizan, briizan (Mezzaselva)
Central Franconian: freese, früüse, friere
Luxembourgish: fréieren
German: frieren
Yiddish: פֿרירן (frirn)


marʀijan

marʀijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
marʀijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
marʀijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
marʀijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
marʀiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
marʀidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
marʀisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
marʀidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
marʀidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
marʀiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
marʀidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
marʀidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
marʀijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
marʀidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
marʀiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
marʀidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
marʀijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
marʀidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
marʀijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
marʀidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
marʀijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
marʀidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
marʀijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
marʀidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
marʀijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
marʀidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
marʀijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
marʀidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
marʀijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
marʀidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
marʀi (class-1 present singular weak)
marʀiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
marʀijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
marʀid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: mierran, merran
Middle English: merren
Scots: mer, mar
English: mar

Old Frisian: mēra

Old Saxon: merrian

Middle Low German: merren

Old Dutch: *merren

Middle Dutch: merren

desc

Old High German: marrjan, marran, merran, merren

Middle High German: merren

German: merren

→ Old French: marrir (see there for further descendants)


þurʀī

þurʀī (masculine nominative singular)
þurʀiju (feminine nominative singular)
þurʀī (neuter nominative singular)
þurʀijanā (accusative masculine singular)
þurʀijā (accusative feminine singular)
þurʀī (accusative neuter singular)
þurʀijas (genitive masculine singular)
þurʀijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
þurʀijas (genitive neuter singular)
þurʀijumē (dative masculine singular)
þurʀijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
þurʀijumē (dative neuter singular)
þurʀiju (instrumental masculine singular)
þurʀijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
þurʀiju (instrumental neuter singular)
þurʀijē (masculine nominative plural)
þurʀijō (feminine nominative plural)
þurʀiju (neuter nominative plural)
þurʀijā (accusative masculine plural)
þurʀijā (accusative feminine plural)
þurʀiju (accusative neuter plural)
þurʀijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
þurʀijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
þurʀijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
þurʀijēm (dative masculine plural)
þurʀijum (dative masculine plural)
þurʀijēm (dative feminine plural)
þurʀijum (dative feminine plural)
þurʀijēm (dative neuter plural)
þurʀijum (dative neuter plural)
þurʀijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
þurʀijum (instrumental masculine plural)
þurʀijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
þurʀijum (feminine instrumental plural)
þurʀijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
þurʀijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: þyrre

desctree

Old Saxon: thurri
Middle Low German: dörre, dör

Old Dutch: *thurri

Middle Dutch: dorre

Dutch: dor
Afrikaans: dor
Negerhollands: dor

Limburgish: dór

Old High German: durri, thurri
Middle High German: durre, dürre
Cimbrian: dórre
German: dürr
Luxembourgish: dier
Vilamovian: dyrr

From Proto-Germanic *þursuz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


hoʀd

hoʀd (nominative singular)
hoʀdu (nominative plural)
hoʀd (accusative singular)
hoʀdu (accusative plural)
hoʀdas (genitive singular)
hoʀdō (genitive plural)
hoʀdē (dative singular)
hoʀdum (dative plural)
hoʀdu (instrumental singular)
hoʀdum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hord
Middle English: hord, hoord, horde, hurd, hurde
English: hoard
Scots: huird, hurd, hurde

Old Frisian: *hord

West Frisian: hoerde, huorde

Old Saxon: hord

Middle Low German: hōrt

Old Dutch: *hord

Middle Dutch: hoord

Old High German: hort

Middle High German: hort

German: Hort


miʀdu

miʀdu (nominative singular)
miʀdō (nominative plural)
miʀdā (accusative singular)
miʀdā (accusative plural)
miʀdā (genitive singular)
miʀdō (genitive plural)
miʀdē (dative singular)
miʀdōm (dative plural)
miʀdum (dative plural)
miʀdu (instrumental singular)
miʀdōm (instrumental plural)
miʀdum (instrumental plural)

Old English: mēd, meord, ᛗᛖᛞᚢ (medu) — Runic
Middle English: mede, meede
English: meed
Scots: med

Old Saxon: mēda

Middle Low German: mêde

Low German: Meed

Old Dutch: mieda
Middle Dutch: miede
Dutch: miede

Old High German: miata

Middle High German: miete

German: Miete

→ Luxembourgish: Mit

Lombardic: mēta


raʀdu

raʀdu (nominative singular)
raʀdō (nominative plural)
raʀdā (accusative singular)
raʀdā (accusative plural)
raʀdā (genitive singular)
raʀdō (genitive plural)
raʀdē (dative singular)
raʀdōm (dative plural)
raʀdum (dative plural)
raʀdu (instrumental singular)
raʀdōm (instrumental plural)
raʀdum (instrumental plural)

Old English: reord
Middle English: rerde, rerd, reryd, rourde, rewerd, rurd, rurde, ruerde (West Midlands), rorde, reorde (early West Midlands), rearde (Kent), reord (Ormulum)
English: reard (dialectal, obsolete)
Middle Scots: reird, rerde, rerd
Scots: reird, raird, reerd

⇒ Old English: reordian (“to speak”)

Middle English: rerden

Old High German: rarta

From Proto-Germanic *razdō (“sound, voice”).


raʀdu

Old English: reord

desc

⇒ Old English: reordian (“to consume, dine, feast”)

From Proto-Germanic *razdō (“food, meal”).


raʀn

raʀn (nominative singular)
raʀnu (nominative plural)
raʀn (accusative singular)
raʀnu (accusative plural)
raʀnas (genitive singular)
raʀnō (genitive plural)
raʀnē (dative singular)
raʀnum (dative plural)
raʀnu (instrumental singular)
raʀnum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ærn, earn, ern

Middle English: ern

⇒ Old English: bereærn

Middle English: bern

Scots: bern

English: barn

desctree

>? Old English: ræsn
Middle English: rasen, rasyn, resen, resin, reson, reason; rasewe, reswe
English: rasen, reason
Scots: rase
⇒ Middle English: rasewepece, reson pece
English: reason piece, raising piece


hraʀnu

hraʀnu (nominative singular)
hraʀnō (nominative plural)
hraʀnā (accusative singular)
hraʀnā (accusative plural)
hraʀnā (genitive singular)
hraʀnō (genitive plural)
hraʀnē (dative singular)
hraʀnōm (dative plural)
hraʀnum (dative plural)
hraʀnu (instrumental singular)
hraʀnōm (instrumental plural)
hraʀnum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hræn, hærn


bautan

bautan (infinitive)
bautannjas (genitive infinitive)
bautannjē (dative infinitive)
bautannju (infinitive instrumental)
bautu (first-person present singular)
beōt (first-person past singular)
bautiʀi (present second-person singular)
beōtī (past second-person singular)
bautidi (present singular third-person)
beōt (past singular third-person)
bautum (first-person plural present)
beōtum (first-person past plural)
bautid (plural present second-person)
beōtud (past plural second-person)
bautand (plural present third-person)
beōtun (past plural third-person)
bautē (first-person present singular)
beōtī (first-person past singular)
bautēs (present second-person singular)
bautē (present singular third-person)
beōtī (past singular third-person)
bautēm (first-person plural present)
beōtīm (first-person past plural)
bautēþ (plural present second-person)
beōtīd (past plural second-person)
bautēn (plural present third-person)
beōtīn (past plural third-person)
baut (present singular)
bautid (plural present)
bautandī (participle present)
bautan (participle past)

Old English: bēatan
Middle English: beten, beete, bet, bete, betyn, beytt, beaten (Early Middle English), byete (Kent)
English: beat
→ Pennsylvania German: biede
Scots: beat, beit

Old Frisian: *bāta (in derivatives)

Old Saxon: *bōtan

Middle Low German: bôten

German Low German: boten

⇒ Middle Low German: bȫtelen

Old Dutch: *bōtan

Middle Dutch: bôten

Dutch: boten, botten, butten

West Flemish: botn

Old High German: pōzan, bōzan, bōzzan

Middle High German: bōzen, butzen

German: boßen (dialectal); bossen, possen

⇒ German: bosseln

German: Butzen (noun) (dialectal)

⇒? German: butzen, putzen (verb)

⇒ Middle High German: bōzelen, bōzeln

German: boßeln

→ Middle Low German: bōsselen

German Low German: boßeln

⇒ Old High German: anabōz (“anvil”)

Middle High German: anebōz

Cimbrian: hanapus

German: Amboss

→? Vulgar Latin: *bottō (perhaps directly borrowed into Old French, and other Romance languages borrowed from it)

Old French: bouter, boter
Anglo-Norman: boter, buter
→ Middle English: butten, bouten
English: butt
Middle French: bouter
French: bouter
Norman: bouter (Jèrriais), boutaïr (Guernésiais)

Sicilian: ammuttari (a + (i)n + *buttari)

Italian: bottare

Old Occitan: botar

Catalan: botar

Occitan: botar

West Iberian

Asturian: botar

Old Galician-Portuguese: botar

Galician: botar

Portuguese: botar

Spanish: botar

⇒? Late Latin: *botōnus, *bottonem (perhaps formed in Old French (bouter + -on), and other Romance languages borrowed from it)

Old French: boton

French: bouton

Norman: bouton

→ Middle English: botoun
English: button (see there for further descendants)
Scots: button
Yola: buththone, boththone

Italo-Dalmatian

Dalmatian: botaun

Italian: bottone

Sicilian: buttuni

Old Occitan: boton

Catalan: botó

Occitan: boton

Romansch: buttun, battung

Venetan: boton

West Iberian

Aragonese: botón

Asturian: botón

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: botón

Portuguese: botão (see there for further descendants)

Spanish: botón (see there for further descendants)


hlaupan

hlaupan (infinitive)
hlaupannjas (genitive infinitive)
hlaupannjē (dative infinitive)
hlaupannju (infinitive instrumental)
hlaupu (first-person present singular)
hleōp (first-person past singular)
hlaupiʀi (present second-person singular)
hleōpī (past second-person singular)
hlaupidi (present singular third-person)
hleōp (past singular third-person)
hlaupum (first-person plural present)
hleōpum (first-person past plural)
hlaupid (plural present second-person)
hleōpud (past plural second-person)
hlaupand (plural present third-person)
hleōpun (past plural third-person)
hlaupē (first-person present singular)
hleōpī (first-person past singular)
hlaupēs (present second-person singular)
hlaupē (present singular third-person)
hleōpī (past singular third-person)
hlaupēm (first-person plural present)
hleōpīm (first-person past plural)
hlaupēþ (plural present second-person)
hleōpīd (past plural second-person)
hlaupēn (plural present third-person)
hleōpīn (past plural third-person)
hlaup (present singular)
hlaupid (plural present)
hlaupandī (participle present)
hlaupan (participle past)

Old English: hlēapan
Middle English: lepen, leapen, leopen, leppen, luppen
English: leap
Scots: lepe, leip, leap

Old Frisian: hlāpa

Saterland Frisian: loope

West Frisian: ljeppe

Old Saxon: hlōpan
Middle Low German: lôpen
Low German: lopen

Old Dutch: lōpan
Middle Dutch: lôpen
Dutch: lopen, loopen (archaic)
Afrikaans: loop
Negerhollands: loop, loo, lo, lu
Skepi Creole Dutch: lop, louphe, luffi, loup
Limburgish: loupe
→ Central Franconian: loope

Old High German: hloufan, loufan

Middle High German: loufen

Alemannic German: laufe, lauffe, loufe

Swabian: laufe

Vorarlbergisch: loufa

Bavarian: laffa

Cimbrian: loavan, lóofan (Sette Comuni)

Mòcheno:

Central Franconian: loofe, laafe

Hunsrik: laafe

Kölsch: laufe, loufe

Luxembourgish: lafen

East Central German:

Erzgebirgisch: laafn

Upper Saxon German: loofen

Vilamovian: łaojfa

East Franconian:

German: laufen

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: laafe

Yiddish: לויפֿן (loyfn)

→⇒ Old French: gualoper, galoper (see there for further descendants)


skaiþan

skaiþan (infinitive)
skaiþannjas (genitive infinitive)
skaiþannjē (dative infinitive)
skaiþannju (infinitive instrumental)
skaiþu (first-person present singular)
skēþ (first-person past singular)
skaiþiʀi (present second-person singular)
skēdī (past second-person singular)
skaiþidi (present singular third-person)
skēþ (past singular third-person)
skaiþum (first-person plural present)
skēdum (first-person past plural)
skaiþid (plural present second-person)
skēdud (past plural second-person)
skaiþand (plural present third-person)
skēdun (past plural third-person)
skaiþē (first-person present singular)
skēdī (first-person past singular)
skaiþēs (present second-person singular)
skaiþē (present singular third-person)
skēdī (past singular third-person)
skaiþēm (first-person plural present)
skēdīm (first-person past plural)
skaiþēþ (plural present second-person)
skēdīd (past plural second-person)
skaiþēn (plural present third-person)
skēdīn (past plural third-person)
skaiþ (present singular)
skaiþid (plural present)
skaiþandī (participle present)
skaidan (participle past)

Old English: sċēadan, sċādan
Middle English: sheden, scheden, schoden
English: shed
Scots: sched, scheid, schade

Old Frisian: skētha

Saterland Frisian: skeede

West Frisian: skiede

Old Saxon: skēthan
Middle Low German: schêden, scheiden
German Low German: scheden
→ Swedish: skeda

Old Dutch: skeithan
Middle Dutch: scheiden
Dutch: scheiden
Afrikaans: skei
Negerhollands: skeid, skei, skee, skej
Petjo: scheien, schejen
Limburgish: sjeie

Old High German: skeidan

Middle High German: scheiden

Alemannic German: scheide

German: scheiden

Luxembourgish: scheeden


hą̄han

hą̄han (infinitive)
hą̄hannjas (genitive infinitive)
hą̄hannjē (dative infinitive)
hą̄hannju (infinitive instrumental)
hą̄hu (first-person present singular)
heang (first-person past singular)
hą̄hiʀi (present second-person singular)
heangī (past second-person singular)
hą̄hidi (present singular third-person)
heang (past singular third-person)
hą̄hum (first-person plural present)
heangum (first-person past plural)
hą̄hid (plural present second-person)
heangud (past plural second-person)
hą̄hand (plural present third-person)
heangun (past plural third-person)
hą̄hē (first-person present singular)
heangī (first-person past singular)
hą̄hēs (present second-person singular)
hą̄hē (present singular third-person)
heangī (past singular third-person)
hą̄hēm (first-person plural present)
heangīm (first-person past plural)
hą̄hēþ (plural present second-person)
heangīd (past plural second-person)
hą̄hēn (plural present third-person)
heangīn (past plural third-person)
hą̄h (present singular)
hą̄hid (plural present)
hą̄handī (participle present)
hangan (participle past)

Old English: hōn
Middle English: hōn, hangen, hongen (merger with hangian)
English: hang
Scots: hang

Old Frisian: huā, hwā, (merger with hangia, hongia)

Saterland Frisian: hongje

West Frisian: hingje

Old Saxon: hāhan
Middle Low German: hân, hangen (merger with hangon)
Low German: hangen

Old Dutch: *hān

merger with <i class="Latn mention" lang="odt">hangon</i>

Middle Dutch: hâen, hangen (merger with hangon)
Dutch: hangen
Afrikaans: hang
Berbice Creole Dutch: hanggi
Negerhollands: hang, haṅ
→ Sranan Tongo: anga
Limburgish: hange

Old High German: hāhan

Middle High German: hāhen

German: hängen (merger with hangen and hengen)


rādan

rādan (infinitive)
rādannjas (genitive infinitive)
rādannjē (dative infinitive)
rādannju (infinitive instrumental)
rādu (first-person present singular)
rēd (first-person past singular)
rādiʀi (present second-person singular)
rēdī (past second-person singular)
rādidi (present singular third-person)
rēd (past singular third-person)
rādum (first-person plural present)
rēdum (first-person past plural)
rādid (plural present second-person)
rēdud (past plural second-person)
rādand (plural present third-person)
rēdun (past plural third-person)
rādē (first-person present singular)
rēdī (first-person past singular)
rādēs (present second-person singular)
rādē (present singular third-person)
rēdī (past singular third-person)
rādēm (first-person plural present)
rēdīm (first-person past plural)
rādēþ (plural present second-person)
rēdīd (past plural second-person)
rādēn (plural present third-person)
rēdīn (past plural third-person)
rād (present singular)
rādid (plural present)
rādandī (participle present)
rādan (participle past)

Old English: rǣdan

Middle English: reden

English: read, rede

Scots: rede

Old Frisian: rēda

Saterland Frisian: räide

West Frisian: riede

Old Saxon: rādan

Middle Low German: râden

German Low German: raden

Low German: raden

Old Dutch: rādan
Middle Dutch: râden
Dutch: raden
Limburgish: raoje

Old High German: rātan

Middle High German: rāten

German: raten

Luxembourgish: roden

Yiddish: ראָטן (rotn)


swaipan

swaipan (infinitive)
swaipannjas (genitive infinitive)
swaipannjē (dative infinitive)
swaipannju (infinitive instrumental)
swaipu (first-person present singular)
swēp (first-person past singular)
swaipiʀi (present second-person singular)
swēpī (past second-person singular)
swaipidi (present singular third-person)
swēp (past singular third-person)
swaipum (first-person plural present)
swēpum (first-person past plural)
swaipid (plural present second-person)
swēpud (past plural second-person)
swaipand (plural present third-person)
swēpun (past plural third-person)
swaipē (first-person present singular)
swēpī (first-person past singular)
swaipēs (present second-person singular)
swaipē (present singular third-person)
swēpī (past singular third-person)
swaipēm (first-person plural present)
swēpīm (first-person past plural)
swaipēþ (plural present second-person)
swēpīd (past plural second-person)
swaipēn (plural present third-person)
swēpīn (past plural third-person)
swaip (present singular)
swaipid (plural present)
swaipandī (participle present)
swaipan (participle past)

Old English: swāpan

Middle English: swapen, swopen

English: swoop

Scots: swap, swape, swaip

Old Frisian: swēpa

West Frisian: swiepe (obsolete)

Old Saxon: swēpan

Middle Low German: swêpen

German Low German: swepen

Old High German: sweifan

Middle High German: sweifen

German: schweifen


ausan

ausan (infinitive)
ausannjas (genitive infinitive)
ausannjē (dative infinitive)
ausannju (infinitive instrumental)
ausu (first-person present singular)
eōs (first-person past singular)
ausiʀi (present second-person singular)
eōʀī (past second-person singular)
ausidi (present singular third-person)
eōs (past singular third-person)
ausum (first-person plural present)
eōʀum (first-person past plural)
ausid (plural present second-person)
eōʀud (past plural second-person)
ausand (plural present third-person)
eōʀun (past plural third-person)
ausē (first-person present singular)
eōʀī (first-person past singular)
ausēs (present second-person singular)
ausē (present singular third-person)
eōʀī (past singular third-person)
ausēm (first-person plural present)
eōʀīm (first-person past plural)
ausēþ (plural present second-person)
eōʀīd (past plural second-person)
ausēn (plural present third-person)
eōʀīn (past plural third-person)
aus (present singular)
ausid (plural present)
ausandī (participle present)
auʀan (participle past)

Old Saxon: *ōsan

Middle Low German: ôsen

Old Dutch: *ōsan

Middle Dutch: ôsen

Dutch: hozen (with hypercorrect h-)

Old High German: *ōsan

Middle High German: ōsen


blōan

blōan (infinitive)
blōannjas (genitive infinitive)
blōannjē (dative infinitive)
blōannju (infinitive instrumental)
blōu (first-person present singular)
bleō (first-person past singular)
blōiʀi (present second-person singular)
bleōī (past second-person singular)
blōidi (present singular third-person)
bleō (past singular third-person)
blōum (first-person plural present)
bleōum (first-person past plural)
blōid (plural present second-person)
bleōud (past plural second-person)
blōand (plural present third-person)
bleōun (past plural third-person)
blōē (first-person present singular)
bleōī (first-person past singular)
blōēs (present second-person singular)
blōē (present singular third-person)
bleōī (past singular third-person)
blōēm (first-person plural present)
bleōīm (first-person past plural)
blōēþ (plural present second-person)
bleōīd (past plural second-person)
blōēn (plural present third-person)
bleōīn (past plural third-person)
blō (present singular)
blōid (plural present)
blōandī (participle present)
blōan (participle past)

Old English: blōwan
Middle English: blowen, blowe
English: blow
Northumbrian: blaa
Scots: blaw

Old Frisian: *blōia

North Frisian: blöye

West Frisian: bloeie

Old Saxon: blōian, blōjan
Middle Low German: blōen, blōien
Low German: blöhen

Old Dutch: bluoien
Middle Dutch: bloeyen
Dutch: bloeien
Afrikaans: bloei
Limburgish: blöjje

Old High German: bluoen

Middle High German: blüejen, blüen

Alemannic German: blüeje

German: blühen

Hunsrik: bliehe

Luxembourgish: bléien

Vilamovian: błin


blōtan

blōtan (infinitive)
blōtannjas (genitive infinitive)
blōtannjē (dative infinitive)
blōtannju (infinitive instrumental)
blōtu (first-person present singular)
bleōt (first-person past singular)
blōtiʀi (present second-person singular)
bleōtī (past second-person singular)
blōtidi (present singular third-person)
bleōt (past singular third-person)
blōtum (first-person plural present)
bleōtum (first-person past plural)
blōtid (plural present second-person)
bleōtud (past plural second-person)
blōtand (plural present third-person)
bleōtun (past plural third-person)
blōtē (first-person present singular)
bleōtī (first-person past singular)
blōtēs (present second-person singular)
blōtē (present singular third-person)
bleōtī (past singular third-person)
blōtēm (first-person plural present)
bleōtīm (first-person past plural)
blōtēþ (plural present second-person)
bleōtīd (past plural second-person)
blōtēn (plural present third-person)
bleōtīn (past plural third-person)
blōt (present singular)
blōtid (plural present)
blōtandī (participle present)
blōtan (participle past)

Old English: blōtan

desc

Old High German: bluozan, pluozan, plozzan


halbiþu

halbiþu (nominative singular)
halbiþō (nominative plural)
halbiþā (accusative singular)
halbiþā (accusative plural)
halbiþā (genitive singular)
halbiþō (genitive plural)
halbiþē (dative singular)
halbiþōm (dative plural)
halbiþum (dative plural)
halbiþu (instrumental singular)
halbiþōm (instrumental plural)
halbiþum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *helfte

North Frisian: helt

West Frisian: helte

Old Saxon: *helvida, *helfta

Middle Low German: helfte

Low German: Hälfte

German Low German: Hälfte, Hälft, Helfte, Helft

Old Dutch: *helvida, *helfta

Middle Dutch: helft, helfde

Dutch: helft

Afrikaans: helfte

Old High German: *helbida, *helfta

Middle High German: helfte

German: Hälfte

From Proto-Germanic *halbiþō. Equivalent to *halb (“half”) + *-iþu (abstract noun suffix).


þagēn

þagēn (infinitive)
þagēnijas (genitive infinitive)
þagēnijē (dative infinitive)
þagēniju (infinitive instrumental)
þagē (first-person present singular)
þag?dā (first-person past singular)
þagēs (present second-person singular)
þag?dēs (past second-person singular)
þagēþ (present singular third-person)
þag?dē (past singular third-person)
þag?dā (past singular third-person)
þagēm (first-person plural present)
þag?dum (first-person past plural)
þagēþ (plural present second-person)
þag?dud (past plural second-person)
þagēnþ (plural present third-person)
þag?dun (past plural third-person)
þag?dī (first-person past singular)
þag?dī (past second-person singular)
þagē (present singular third-person)
þag?dī (past singular third-person)
þag?dīm (first-person past plural)
þag?dīd (past plural second-person)
þagēn (plural present third-person)
þag?dīn (past plural third-person)
þagē (present singular)
þagēþ (plural present)
þagēndī (participle present)
þag?d (participle past)

Old High German: dagēn

German: dagen (obsolete)


hangēn

hangēn (infinitive)
hangēnijas (genitive infinitive)
hangēnijē (dative infinitive)
hangēniju (infinitive instrumental)
hangē (first-person present singular)
hang?dā (first-person past singular)
hangēs (present second-person singular)
hang?dēs (past second-person singular)
hangēþ (present singular third-person)
hang?dē (past singular third-person)
hang?dā (past singular third-person)
hangēm (first-person plural present)
hang?dum (first-person past plural)
hangēþ (plural present second-person)
hang?dud (past plural second-person)
hangēnþ (plural present third-person)
hang?dun (past plural third-person)
hang?dī (first-person past singular)
hang?dī (past second-person singular)
hangē (present singular third-person)
hang?dī (past singular third-person)
hang?dīm (first-person past plural)
hang?dīd (past plural second-person)
hangēn (plural present third-person)
hang?dīn (past plural third-person)
hangē (present singular)
hangēþ (plural present)
hangēndī (participle present)
hang?d (participle past)

desctree

Old English: hangian, hongian
Middle English: hangen (merged with hōn)
English: hang
Scots: hangit (simple past of hing (“to execute using gallows”))
→ Welsh: hongian

Old Frisian: hangia, hongia

Saterland Frisian: hongje

West Frisian: hingje

Old Saxon: hangon
Middle Low German: hangen
Low German: hangen

Old Dutch: *hangon
Middle Dutch: hangen (merger with hān)
Dutch: hangen
Afrikaans: hang
Berbice Creole Dutch: hanggi
Negerhollands: hang, haṅ
→ Sranan Tongo: anga
Limburgish: hange

Old High German: hangēn
Middle High German: hangen
German: hängen (merger with hāhen and hengen)
Switzerland German: hangen
>? Cimbrian: hangan

From Proto-Germanic *hangāną. Equivalent to *hą̄han (“to hang”) + *-ēn.


līkēn

līkēn (infinitive)
līkēnijas (genitive infinitive)
līkēnijē (dative infinitive)
līkēniju (infinitive instrumental)
līkē (first-person present singular)
līk?dā (first-person past singular)
līkēs (present second-person singular)
līk?dēs (past second-person singular)
līkēþ (present singular third-person)
līk?dē (past singular third-person)
līk?dā (past singular third-person)
līkēm (first-person plural present)
līk?dum (first-person past plural)
līkēþ (plural present second-person)
līk?dud (past plural second-person)
līkēnþ (plural present third-person)
līk?dun (past plural third-person)
līk?dī (first-person past singular)
līk?dī (past second-person singular)
līkē (present singular third-person)
līk?dī (past singular third-person)
līk?dīm (first-person past plural)
līk?dīd (past plural second-person)
līkēn (plural present third-person)
līk?dīn (past plural third-person)
līkē (present singular)
līkēþ (plural present)
līkēndī (participle present)
līk?d (participle past)

Old English: līcian

Middle English: liken, lyken

Scots: like

English: like

→ Welsh: leicio, licio

→ German: liken

→ Dutch: liken

→ French: liker

→ Spanish: likear

Old Frisian: līkia

Saterland Frisian: liekje

West Frisian: lykje

Old Saxon: līkōn

Middle Low German: liken

Low German: lieken

Old Dutch: līcon
Middle Dutch: liken
Dutch: lijken

Old High German: līhhēn

Middle High German: līchen

German: leichen


kunnēn

kunnēn (infinitive)
kunnēnijas (genitive infinitive)
kunnēnijē (dative infinitive)
kunnēniju (infinitive instrumental)
kunnē (first-person present singular)
kunn?dā (first-person past singular)
kunnēs (present second-person singular)
kunn?dēs (past second-person singular)
kunnēþ (present singular third-person)
kunn?dē (past singular third-person)
kunn?dā (past singular third-person)
kunnēm (first-person plural present)
kunn?dum (first-person past plural)
kunnēþ (plural present second-person)
kunn?dud (past plural second-person)
kunnēnþ (plural present third-person)
kunn?dun (past plural third-person)
kunn?dī (first-person past singular)
kunn?dī (past second-person singular)
kunnē (present singular third-person)
kunn?dī (past singular third-person)
kunn?dīm (first-person past plural)
kunn?dīd (past plural second-person)
kunnēn (plural present third-person)
kunn?dīn (past plural third-person)
kunnē (present singular)
kunnēþ (plural present)
kunnēndī (participle present)
kunn?d (participle past)

Old English: cunnian

Old Saxon: *kunnōn

⇒ Old Saxon: gikunnōn

Old Dutch: *cunnon

⇒ Old Dutch: bicunnon

Old High German: kunnēn


trūēn

trūēn (infinitive)
trūēnijas (genitive infinitive)
trūēnijē (dative infinitive)
trūēniju (infinitive instrumental)
trūē (first-person present singular)
trū?dā (first-person past singular)
trūēs (present second-person singular)
trū?dēs (past second-person singular)
trūēþ (present singular third-person)
trū?dē (past singular third-person)
trū?dā (past singular third-person)
trūēm (first-person plural present)
trū?dum (first-person past plural)
trūēþ (plural present second-person)
trū?dud (past plural second-person)
trūēnþ (plural present third-person)
trū?dun (past plural third-person)
trū?dī (first-person past singular)
trū?dī (past second-person singular)
trūē (present singular third-person)
trū?dī (past singular third-person)
trū?dīm (first-person past plural)
trū?dīd (past plural second-person)
trūēn (plural present third-person)
trū?dīn (past plural third-person)
trūē (present singular)
trūēþ (plural present)
trūēndī (participle present)
trū?d (participle past)

Old English: trūwian
Middle English: truwien, truwen, trouwen, trouen, trowen
English: trow
Scots: trow

Old Frisian: *trūwia

Saterland Frisian: trjouje

West Frisian: trouje

Old Saxon: trūōn, trūoian

desc

Middle Low German: trûwen, truwen, trouwen

German Low German: truen, troen

Old Dutch: *trūen, trūon

Middle Dutch: truwen, trouwen, trauwen

Dutch: trouwen

Old High German: trūēn, trūwēn

Middle High German: trūwen

German: trauen

From Proto-Germanic *trūjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *drew-o, suffixed form of *deru-, *drew- (“hard, firm, strong, solid”) with reflexes as Latin dūrus (“hard, rough”), Old English trum (“strong, firm”), Old Armenian տրամ (tram, “firm, solid”), and Ancient Greek δροόν (droón, “strong, mighty”). See *trūwāną (“to trust”).


rūnēn

rūnēn (infinitive)
rūnēnijas (genitive infinitive)
rūnēnijē (dative infinitive)
rūnēniju (infinitive instrumental)
rūnē (first-person present singular)
rūn?dā (first-person past singular)
rūnēs (present second-person singular)
rūn?dēs (past second-person singular)
rūnēþ (present singular third-person)
rūn?dē (past singular third-person)
rūn?dā (past singular third-person)
rūnēm (first-person plural present)
rūn?dum (first-person past plural)
rūnēþ (plural present second-person)
rūn?dud (past plural second-person)
rūnēnþ (plural present third-person)
rūn?dun (past plural third-person)
rūn?dī (first-person past singular)
rūn?dī (past second-person singular)
rūnē (present singular third-person)
rūn?dī (past singular third-person)
rūn?dīm (first-person past plural)
rūn?dīd (past plural second-person)
rūnēn (plural present third-person)
rūn?dīn (past plural third-person)
rūnē (present singular)
rūnēþ (plural present)
rūnēndī (participle present)
rūn?d (participle past)

desctree

Old English: rūnian
Middle English: rounen, rownen
English: roun, round
Scots: roun, round

Old Frisian: *rūnia

Saterland Frisian: ruunje

West Frisian: rúnje

Old Saxon: rūnōn, rūnoian, rūnian

Middle Low German: rûnen

German Low German: runen

Old Dutch: rūnon
Middle Dutch: runen
Dutch: ruinen

Old High German: rūnēn

Middle High German: rūnen

German: raunen

→ Old French: runer

Middle French: runer


skamēn

skamēn (infinitive)
skamēnijas (genitive infinitive)
skamēnijē (dative infinitive)
skamēniju (infinitive instrumental)
skamē (first-person present singular)
skam?dā (first-person past singular)
skamēs (present second-person singular)
skam?dēs (past second-person singular)
skamēþ (present singular third-person)
skam?dē (past singular third-person)
skam?dā (past singular third-person)
skamēm (first-person plural present)
skam?dum (first-person past plural)
skamēþ (plural present second-person)
skam?dud (past plural second-person)
skamēnþ (plural present third-person)
skam?dun (past plural third-person)
skam?dī (first-person past singular)
skam?dī (past second-person singular)
skamē (present singular third-person)
skam?dī (past singular third-person)
skam?dīm (first-person past plural)
skam?dīd (past plural second-person)
skamēn (plural present third-person)
skam?dīn (past plural third-person)
skamē (present singular)
skamēþ (plural present)
skamēndī (participle present)
skam?d (participle past)

Old English: sċamian

Middle English: schamen

English: shame

Old Frisian: skamia

Old Dutch: scamon

Middle Dutch: schāmen

Dutch: schamen

Afrikaans: skaam

Old High German: scamēn, scamōn

German: schämen

Bavarian: schaman

From Proto-Germanic *skamāną. Equivalent to *skamu (“shame”) + *-ēn.


fastēn

fastēn (infinitive)
fastēnijas (genitive infinitive)
fastēnijē (dative infinitive)
fastēniju (infinitive instrumental)
fastē (first-person present singular)
fast?dā (first-person past singular)
fastēs (present second-person singular)
fast?dēs (past second-person singular)
fastēþ (present singular third-person)
fast?dē (past singular third-person)
fast?dā (past singular third-person)
fastēm (first-person plural present)
fast?dum (first-person past plural)
fastēþ (plural present second-person)
fast?dud (past plural second-person)
fastēnþ (plural present third-person)
fast?dun (past plural third-person)
fast?dī (first-person past singular)
fast?dī (past second-person singular)
fastē (present singular third-person)
fast?dī (past singular third-person)
fast?dīm (first-person past plural)
fast?dīd (past plural second-person)
fastēn (plural present third-person)
fast?dīn (past plural third-person)
fastē (present singular)
fastēþ (plural present)
fastēndī (participle present)
fast?d (participle past)

Old English: festia

Old Saxon: *fastōn

Middle Low German: fasten, vasten

German Low German: fasten

Old Dutch: *faston

Middle Dutch: vasten

Dutch: vasten

Afrikaans: vas

Old High German: fastēn
Middle High German: vasten
Cimbrian: bastan
German: fasten
Luxembourgish: faaschten
Yiddish: פֿאַסטן (fastn)

From Proto-Germanic *fastāną. Equivalent to *fast (“fixed, fast”) + *-ēn.

to fast, to abstain from food and/or drink


rodēn

rodēn (infinitive)
rodēnijas (genitive infinitive)
rodēnijē (dative infinitive)
rodēniju (infinitive instrumental)
rodē (first-person present singular)
rod?dā (first-person past singular)
rodēs (present second-person singular)
rod?dēs (past second-person singular)
rodēþ (present singular third-person)
rod?dē (past singular third-person)
rod?dā (past singular third-person)
rodēm (first-person plural present)
rod?dum (first-person past plural)
rodēþ (plural present second-person)
rod?dud (past plural second-person)
rodēnþ (plural present third-person)
rod?dun (past plural third-person)
rod?dī (first-person past singular)
rod?dī (past second-person singular)
rodē (present singular third-person)
rod?dī (past singular third-person)
rod?dīm (first-person past plural)
rod?dīd (past plural second-person)
rodēn (plural present third-person)
rod?dīn (past plural third-person)
rodē (present singular)
rodēþ (plural present)
rodēndī (participle present)
rod?d (participle past)
*rudēn (alternative)

Old English: rudian

Middle English: ruden, rudden

English: rud

Old Saxon: *rodōn

Middle Low German: rȫden, rȫten

Old Dutch: *rodon

Middle Dutch: rōden

Dutch: roden

Old High German: rotēn

Middle High German: roten

German: röten


armēn

armēn (infinitive)
armēnijas (genitive infinitive)
armēnijē (dative infinitive)
armēniju (infinitive instrumental)
armē (first-person present singular)
arm?dā (first-person past singular)
armēs (present second-person singular)
arm?dēs (past second-person singular)
armēþ (present singular third-person)
arm?dē (past singular third-person)
arm?dā (past singular third-person)
armēm (first-person plural present)
arm?dum (first-person past plural)
armēþ (plural present second-person)
arm?dud (past plural second-person)
armēnþ (plural present third-person)
arm?dun (past plural third-person)
arm?dī (first-person past singular)
arm?dī (past second-person singular)
armē (present singular third-person)
arm?dī (past singular third-person)
arm?dīm (first-person past plural)
arm?dīd (past plural second-person)
armēn (plural present third-person)
arm?dīn (past plural third-person)
armē (present singular)
armēþ (plural present)
armēndī (participle present)
arm?d (participle past)

Old English: earmian

Old Saxon: armōn

Middle Low German: armen

Old Dutch: *armon

Middle Dutch: armen

Old High German: armēn

Middle High German: armen

From Proto-Germanic *armāną. Equivalent to *arm (“pitiful”) + *-ēn (“factitive”) and *arm + *-ēn (“stative-fientive”).


þewēn

þewēn (infinitive)
þewēnijas (genitive infinitive)
þewēnijē (dative infinitive)
þewēniju (infinitive instrumental)
þewē (first-person present singular)
þew?dā (first-person past singular)
þewēs (present second-person singular)
þew?dēs (past second-person singular)
þewēþ (present singular third-person)
þew?dē (past singular third-person)
þew?dā (past singular third-person)
þewēm (first-person plural present)
þew?dum (first-person past plural)
þewēþ (plural present second-person)
þew?dud (past plural second-person)
þewēnþ (plural present third-person)
þew?dun (past plural third-person)
þew?dī (first-person past singular)
þew?dī (past second-person singular)
þewē (present singular third-person)
þew?dī (past singular third-person)
þew?dīm (first-person past plural)
þew?dīd (past plural second-person)
þewēn (plural present third-person)
þew?dīn (past plural third-person)
þewē (present singular)
þewēþ (plural present)
þewēndī (participle present)
þew?d (participle past)

Old English: þeowian

Old High German: dewēn

From Proto-Germanic *þewāną. Equivalent to *þeu (“servile, slavish”) + *-ēn or *þeu (“slave”) + *-ēn.


flahan

flahan (infinitive)
flahannjas (genitive infinitive)
flahannjē (dative infinitive)
flahannju (infinitive instrumental)
flahu (first-person present singular)
flōh (first-person past singular)
flahiʀi (present second-person singular)
flōgī (past second-person singular)
flahidi (present singular third-person)
flōh (past singular third-person)
flahum (first-person plural present)
flōgum (first-person past plural)
flahid (plural present second-person)
flōgud (past plural second-person)
flahand (plural present third-person)
flōgun (past plural third-person)
flahē (first-person present singular)
flōgī (first-person past singular)
flahēs (present second-person singular)
flahē (present singular third-person)
flōgī (past singular third-person)
flahēm (first-person plural present)
flōgīm (first-person past plural)
flahēþ (plural present second-person)
flōgīd (past plural second-person)
flahēn (plural present third-person)
flōgīn (past plural third-person)
flah (present singular)
flahid (plural present)
flahandī (participle present)
flagan (participle past)

Old English: flēan

Middle English: flen

English: flay

Old Dutch: *flān

Middle Dutch: vlâen

West Flemish: vlaan


stān

Old Frisian: stān

West Frisian: stean

Old Saxon: stān
Middle Low German: stān
German Low German: stahn

Old Dutch: stān
Middle Dutch: stâen
Dutch: staan
Afrikaans: staan
Berbice Creole Dutch: tan
Jersey Dutch: stân
Negerhollands: staan, tan
→ Biak: vestan
Limburgish: staon

Old High German: stān, stēn

Middle High German: stān, stēn

Alemannic German: staa, schtaa

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: stean

Mòcheno: stean

Northern Bavarian: [ʒ̊d̥ɛi]

desc

Central Franconian: stohn, stonn, stiehn

Hunsrik: stehn

Luxembourgish: stoen

German: stehen

Rhine Franconian: stehn

Pennsylvania German:

Vilamovian: śtejn

Yiddish: שטיין (shteyn)


hangijan

hangijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hangijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hangijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hangijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hangiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hangidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hangisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hangidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hangidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hangiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hangidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hangidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hangijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hangidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hangiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hangidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hangijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hangidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hangijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hangidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hangijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hangidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hangijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hangidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hangijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hangidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hangijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hangidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hangijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hangidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hangi (class-1 present singular weak)
hangiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hangijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hangid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *hengian

Middle Low German: hengen

German Low German: hängen

Old Dutch: *hengen

Middle Dutch: hengen

Dutch: hengen

Old High German: hengen

Middle High German: hengen

Bavarian: hängan, hänga

German: hängen

Hunsrik: henge

Luxembourgish: hänken

Vilamovian: hengia


hlaþan

hlaþan (infinitive)
hlaþannjas (genitive infinitive)
hlaþannjē (dative infinitive)
hlaþannju (infinitive instrumental)
hlaþu (first-person present singular)
hlōþ (first-person past singular)
hlaþiʀi (present second-person singular)
hlōdī (past second-person singular)
hlaþidi (present singular third-person)
hlōþ (past singular third-person)
hlaþum (first-person plural present)
hlōdum (first-person past plural)
hlaþid (plural present second-person)
hlōdud (past plural second-person)
hlaþand (plural present third-person)
hlōdun (past plural third-person)
hlaþē (first-person present singular)
hlōdī (first-person past singular)
hlaþēs (present second-person singular)
hlaþē (present singular third-person)
hlōdī (past singular third-person)
hlaþēm (first-person plural present)
hlōdīm (first-person past plural)
hlaþēþ (plural present second-person)
hlōdīd (past plural second-person)
hlaþēn (plural present third-person)
hlōdīn (past plural third-person)
hlaþ (present singular)
hlaþid (plural present)
hlaþandī (participle present)
hladan (participle past)

Old English: hladan

Middle English: laden

Scots: lade, laid

English: lade

Old Saxon: hladan

Middle Low German: lāden

Low German: laden

Old Dutch: *ladan

Middle Dutch: lāden

Dutch: laden

Afrikaans: laai

Old High German: hladan, ladan

Middle High German: laden

Alemannic German: lade

German: laden

Luxembourgish: lueden

→ Polish: ładować


sabbjan

sabbjan (infinitive)
sabbjannjas (genitive infinitive)
sabbjannjē (dative infinitive)
sabbjannju (infinitive instrumental)
sabbju (first-person present singular)
sōb (first-person past singular)
sabiʀi (present second-person singular)
sōbī (past second-person singular)
sabidi (present singular third-person)
sōb (past singular third-person)
sabbjum (first-person plural present)
sōbum (first-person past plural)
sabid (plural present second-person)
sōbud (past plural second-person)
sabbjand (plural present third-person)
sōbun (past plural third-person)
sabbjē (first-person present singular)
sōbī (first-person past singular)
sabbjēs (present second-person singular)
sabbjē (present singular third-person)
sōbī (past singular third-person)
sabbjēm (first-person plural present)
sōbīm (first-person past plural)
sabbjēþ (plural present second-person)
sōbīd (past plural second-person)
sabbjēn (plural present third-person)
sōbīn (past plural third-person)
sabi (present singular)
sabid (plural present)
sabbjandī (participle present)
saban (participle past)

Old Frisian: *sebba, *seffa

⇒ Old Frisian: *biseffa

West Frisian: beseffe

Old Saxon: sebbian, seffian

⇒ Old Saxon: biseffian, afsebbian, afseffian, anseffian

Old Dutch: *seffen

⇒ Old Dutch: *biseffen

Middle Dutch: beseffen, beseven

Dutch: beseffen

Afrikaans: besef

Old High German: sebben, seffen

⇒ Old High German: *intsebben, *antsebben

Middle High German: seben; entseben

German: entseben


dādi

dādi (nominative singular)
dādī (nominative plural)
dādi (accusative singular)
dādī (accusative plural)
dādī (genitive singular)
dādijō (genitive plural)
dādī (dative singular)
dādim (dative plural)
dādijum (dative plural)
dādī (instrumental singular)
dādim (instrumental plural)
dādijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: dǣd, dēd

Middle English: dede

English: deed

Scots: dede, ded, deid

Old Frisian: dēd, dēde

Saterland Frisian: Däid

West Frisian: died

Old Saxon: dād

Middle Low German: dât, dâde

German Low German: Daad

Low German: Daat, Dad

→ Saterland Frisian: Doat

desctree

Old Dutch: dāt
Middle Dutch: dâet
Dutch: daad
Afrikaans: daad
Limburgish: daod

Old High German: tāt

Middle High German: tāt, dāt, tæte

German: Tat

Luxembourgish: Dot


brōþer

brōþer (nominative singular)
brōþar (nominative plural)
brōþar (accusative singular)
brōþar (accusative plural)
brōþur (genitive singular)
brōþrō (genitive plural)
brōþri (dative singular)
brōþrum (dative plural)
brōþri (instrumental singular)
brōþrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: brōþor, brōþer, brōþur, brōðer, brōður
Middle English: brother
English: brother (see there for further descendants)
Scots: brither, bruther, broder, bruder
Yola: brover, brower

Old Frisian: brōther
North Frisian:
Amrum: bruder
Föhr: bruler
Northern Goesharder: (Hoolmer) broor, (Hoorninger) brår
Southern Goesharder: brööðer
Hallig: bröör
Halunder: Bruur
Mooring: brouder
Sylt: Bröđer
Saterland Frisian: Brúur, Brour (Strukelje)
West Frisian: broer

Old Saxon: brōthar
Middle Low German: brôder, brûder
German Low German: Broder, Broor, Bröör
Plautdietsch: Brooda

Old Dutch: bruother, *bruothar

Middle Dutch: broeder
Dutch: broeder, broer
Afrikaans: broeder, broer
Limburgish: broor

Old High German: bruoder
Middle High German: bruoder
Alemannic German: Brüeder, Brueder
Italian Walser: briöder, bruder, brueder, bröder
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: pruudar, pruadar (Luserna, Tredici Comuni)
Mòcheno: pruader
Northern Bavarian: [ˈb̥rou̯d̥ɐ], [ˈb̥rei̯d̥ɐ]
Udinese: pruadar, prueder, pruider
Central Franconian: Broder, Bruder
Hunsrik: Bruder
Luxembourgish: Brudder
German: Bruder
Rhine Franconian: Bruder
Frankfurterisch: [pʀuːd̥æ̆], [prɔurə]
Pennsylvania German: Bruder
Vilamovian: brüder
Yiddish: ברודער (bruder)


tanþ

tanþ (nominative singular)
tanþi (nominative plural)
tanþu (accusative singular)
tanþi (accusative plural)
tanþi (genitive singular)
tanþō (genitive plural)
tanþi (dative singular)
tanþum (dative plural)
tanþi (instrumental singular)
tanþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: tōþ
Middle English: tothe, toth, tooth
Scots: tuth, tutht, tuith
English: tooth

Old Frisian: tōth
North Frisian:
Föhr-Amrum: tus
Sylt: Ter

Old Saxon: tand, tōth

Middle Low German: tant, tan

Low German: Tähn

German Low German: Tand

Plautdietsch: Tän

→ Saterland Frisian: Tiende

Old Dutch: tant, tand
Middle Dutch: tant
Dutch: tand

Old High German: zand, zan, zant, tænd
Middle High German: zan, zant
Alemannic German: Zah
Bavarian: Zåhn, Zant
Central Franconian: Zank, Zand
Kölsch: Zant
German: Zahn
→ Central Franconian: Zahn
Hunsrik: Zaan
Luxembourgish: Zant
Pennsylvania German: Zaah
Swabian: Zah, Zai
Vilamovian: cōn
Yiddish: צאָן (tson)
→ Italian: zanna (via Lombardic)


hrinþ

hrinþ (nominative singular)
hrinþiʀu (nominative plural)
hrinþ (accusative singular)
hrinþiʀu (accusative plural)
hrinþiʀi (genitive singular)
hrinþiʀō (genitive plural)
hrinþiʀi (dative singular)
hrinþiʀum (dative plural)
hrinþiʀi (instrumental singular)
hrinþiʀum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hrīþ (< nom.sg.), hrīþer (< nom.pl.)
Middle English: rother, reother, rither, rether
English: rother

Old Frisian: hrīther, hrēther, hrinder (< nom.pl.)

North Frisian: ridder, redder

Saterland Frisian: Räier

West Frisian: rier

Old Saxon: hrīth, *hrind

Middle Low German: rint

Low German: Rind

Old Dutch: *rint, *rinth

Middle Dutch: rint, rent

gl

Dutch: rind, rend, rund (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *hrunþ, from Proto-Germanic *hrunþaz)

West Flemish: rend

desctree

Old High German: rind, hrind
Middle High German: rint
Alemannic German: Rind
Central Franconian: Rend, Renk (native in most of Ripuarian, now chiefly western dialects), Rond, Rönd (Eifel)
German: Rind
Hunsrik: Rind
Luxembourgish: Rand
Vilamovian: rynd


aiskōn

aiskōn (infinitive)
aiskōnijas (genitive infinitive)
aiskōnijē (dative infinitive)
aiskōniju (infinitive instrumental)
aiskō (first-person present singular)
aiskōdā (first-person past singular)
aiskōs (present second-person singular)
aiskōdēs (past second-person singular)
aiskōdōs (past second-person singular)
aiskōþ (present singular third-person)
aiskōdē (past singular third-person)
aiskōdā (past singular third-person)
aiskōm (first-person plural present)
aiskōdum (first-person past plural)
aiskōþ (plural present second-person)
aiskōdud (past plural second-person)
aiskōnþ (plural present third-person)
aiskōdun (past plural third-person)
aiskōdī (first-person past singular)
aiskōdī (past second-person singular)
aiskō (present singular third-person)
aiskōdī (past singular third-person)
aiskōdīm (first-person past plural)
aiskōdīd (past plural second-person)
aiskōn (plural present third-person)
aiskōdīn (past plural third-person)
aiskō (present singular)
aiskōþ (plural present)
aiskōndī (participle present)
aiskōd (participle past)

Old English: āscian, ācsian, āxian, acsiġan, æscian, æxian, axian, axiġan, axiġean, āhsian, ahsian
Middle English: askien, axen, aschen, eskien, eschen, aishen
English: ask, aks, ax
Sranan Tongo: aksi
Scots: ask, as, ax

Old Frisian: āskia, āschia
Saterland Frisian: aaskje
West Frisian: easkje

Old Saxon: ēskōn, ēskian, ēscōn, ēscian
Middle Low German: êschen, eischen
Low German: eschen
→ Danish: æske
→ Swedish: äska
→ Norwegian: eske

Old Dutch: *eiscon, *ēscon
Middle Dutch: eischen
Dutch: eisen, eischen (obsolete)
Afrikaans: eis
Limburgish: eisje

Old High German: eiscōn

Middle High German: eischen, heischen

German: heischen (influenced by *haitan)

Luxembourgish: heeschen (fully merged)


aiþum

aiþum (nominative singular)
aiþumō (nominative plural)
aiþumōs (nominative plural)
aiþum (accusative singular)
aiþumā (accusative plural)
aiþumas (genitive singular)
aiþumō (genitive plural)
aiþumē (dative singular)
aiþumum (dative plural)
aiþumu (instrumental singular)
aiþumum (instrumental plural)
*aiþm (alternative)

Old English: āþum
Middle English: aþum, oþom, oþam, oþem

Old Frisian: āthum, āthom, āthem

>? Saterland Frisian: Oom

Old Saxon: *ēthum

Middle Low German: eidom, eidum

German Low German:

Westfalian: Eedem

Old Dutch: *eithum, *eitham

Middle Dutch: eidom (eastern)

Dutch: eidom, eedom (obsolete)

Limburgish: eejem

Old High German: eidum, eidam

Middle High German: eidem, eiden

German: Eidam (obsolete)

Luxembourgish: Eedem

Yiddish: איידעם (eydem)

Unknown; possibly related to Proto-Germanic *aiþį̄ (“mother”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey-tmó-s, from *h₂ey- (“to give, attribute”).

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache


ārundī

ārundī (nominative singular)
ārundiju (nominative plural)
ārundī (accusative singular)
ārundiju (accusative plural)
ārundijas (genitive singular)
ārundijō (genitive plural)
ārundijē (dative singular)
ārundijum (dative plural)
ārundiju (instrumental singular)
ārundijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ǣrende, ǣrænde
Middle English: erende, erand, arend, ernde, arnde
English: errand
Scots: erand, eirand, earand
Yola: erroane, errone

Old Frisian: ērende

Old Saxon: ārundi

Old High German: ārunti

desc

Middle High German: ārant, arant, erande, erende

Bavarian: Erend, Ernd

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *airundiją. Monophthongisation of ai to ā before r is regular and shared with North Germanic; compare e.g. Proto-West Germanic *sair.


auhaim

auhaim (nominative singular)
auhaimō (nominative plural)
auhaimōs (nominative plural)
auhaim (accusative singular)
auhaimā (accusative plural)
auhaimas (genitive singular)
auhaimō (genitive plural)
auhaimē (dative singular)
auhaimum (dative plural)
auhaimu (instrumental singular)
auhaimum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: ēam
Middle English: em, eam, eem, eeme, eme, heme, nem, æem, æm, eom, heam, yem (Early Middle English), eame, eyme (Late Middle English)
English: eam, eme (dialectal)
Scots: eme

Old Frisian: ām, āme, ēm

North Frisian: ohm

Saterland Frisian: Oom

West Frisian: iem, yem, yeme

Old Saxon: *ōhēm

Middle Low German: ōhem, ōm

Low German: Ohm

Münsterländisch: Low German: Öhms (plural)

Plautdietsch: Oom

Old Dutch: *ōm

Middle Dutch: ôom
Dutch: oom, ome, noom
Afrikaans: oom
→ English: oom
Berbice Creole Dutch: om
Negerhollands: noom, nom, noem
→ Virgin Islands Creole: nom, noom (dated)
→ Ambonese Malay: om
→ Indonesian: om
→ Papiamentu: mò, òn, òmpi (from the diminutive), mo (Aruba), òm (Aruba), omo (Aruba), oom
→ Sranan Tongo: omu
→ West Frisian: omme, omke
Limburgish: ome

Old High German: ōheim

Middle High German: ōheim; (Central German) ōhem, ōem

German: Oheim, Ohm (partly from Low German), Oehm


breuþan

breuþan (infinitive)
breuþannjas (genitive infinitive)
breuþannjē (dative infinitive)
breuþannju (infinitive instrumental)
breuþu (first-person present singular)
brauþ (first-person past singular)
briuþiʀi (present second-person singular)
brudī (past second-person singular)
briuþidi (present singular third-person)
brauþ (past singular third-person)
breuþum (first-person plural present)
brudum (first-person past plural)
briuþid (plural present second-person)
brudud (past plural second-person)
breuþand (plural present third-person)
brudun (past plural third-person)
breuþē (first-person present singular)
brudī (first-person past singular)
breuþēs (present second-person singular)
breuþē (present singular third-person)
brudī (past singular third-person)
breuþēm (first-person plural present)
brudīm (first-person past plural)
breuþēþ (plural present second-person)
brudīd (past plural second-person)
breuþēn (plural present third-person)
brudīn (past plural third-person)
briuþ (present singular)
briuþid (plural present)
breuþandī (participle present)
brodan (participle past)

Old English: brēoþan

Middle English: breothen

Old High German: briodan


delban

delban (infinitive)
delbannjas (genitive infinitive)
delbannjē (dative infinitive)
delbannju (infinitive instrumental)
delbu (first-person present singular)
dalb (first-person past singular)
dilbiʀi (present second-person singular)
dulbī (past second-person singular)
dilbidi (present singular third-person)
dalb (past singular third-person)
delbum (first-person plural present)
dulbum (first-person past plural)
dilbid (plural present second-person)
dulbud (past plural second-person)
delband (plural present third-person)
dulbun (past plural third-person)
delbē (first-person present singular)
dulbī (first-person past singular)
delbēs (present second-person singular)
delbē (present singular third-person)
dulbī (past singular third-person)
delbēm (first-person plural present)
dulbīm (first-person past plural)
delbēþ (plural present second-person)
dulbīd (past plural second-person)
delbēn (plural present third-person)
dulbīn (past plural third-person)
dilb (present singular)
dilbid (plural present)
delbandī (participle present)
dolban (participle past)

Old English: delfan

Middle English: delven

Scots: delve

English: delve

Old Frisian: delva

West Frisian: dolle

q

in compounds: <i class="Latn mention" lang="osx">bidelvan</i>

Old Saxon: *delvan (in compounds: bidelvan)

Middle Low German: delven

Low German: dölven

desctree

Old Dutch: *delvan
Middle Dutch: delven
Dutch: delven
Afrikaans: delf, delwe
Limburgish: dèlve

q

in compounds: <i class="Latn mention" lang="goh">bitelban</i>

Old High German: *telpan, *telban (in compounds: bitelban)

Middle High German: tëlben, dëlben

German: delben, telben (dialectal)


flītan

flītan (infinitive)
flītannjas (genitive infinitive)
flītannjē (dative infinitive)
flītannju (infinitive instrumental)
flītu (first-person present singular)
flait (first-person past singular)
flītiʀi (present second-person singular)
flitī (past second-person singular)
flītidi (present singular third-person)
flait (past singular third-person)
flītum (first-person plural present)
flitum (first-person past plural)
flītid (plural present second-person)
flitud (past plural second-person)
flītand (plural present third-person)
flitun (past plural third-person)
flītē (first-person present singular)
flitī (first-person past singular)
flītēs (present second-person singular)
flītē (present singular third-person)
flitī (past singular third-person)
flītēm (first-person plural present)
flitīm (first-person past plural)
flītēþ (plural present second-person)
flitīd (past plural second-person)
flītēn (plural present third-person)
flitīn (past plural third-person)
flīt (present singular)
flītid (plural present)
flītandī (participle present)
flitan (participle past)

desctree

Old English: flītan
Middle English: flyten, fflytt, flite, fliten, flyte, flytin
English: flite, flyte
Scots: flite, flyte

Old Saxon: flītan
Middle Low German: vlîten
German Low German: flieten

Old Dutch: flītan
Middle Dutch: vliten

Old High German: flīzan, flīzzan

Middle High German: vlīzen

German: fleißen

Unknown; presumably from Proto-Germanic *flītaną, possibly:
* cognate with Welsh llwydd (“prosperity, success”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleyd- (“to attempt”),
* or related to *splītan (“to split”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pleyd- (“to split”).


fōgijan

fōgijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
fōgijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
fōgijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
fōgijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
fōgiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fōgidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fōgisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fōgidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fōgidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fōgiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fōgidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fōgidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fōgijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fōgidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fōgiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fōgidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fōgijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fōgidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fōgijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fōgidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fōgijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fōgidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fōgijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fōgidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fōgijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fōgidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fōgijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fōgidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fōgijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fōgidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fōgi (class-1 present singular weak)
fōgiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
fōgijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
fōgid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: fēġan

Middle English: feyen

English: fay

Old Saxon: fōgian

Middle Low German: vȫgen, vôgen

Low German: fögen

→ Old Danish: fø̄ghæ

Danish: føje

→ Old Swedish: fōgha, fø̄ghia

Swedish: foga

desctree

Old Dutch: fuogen
Middle Dutch: voegen
Dutch: voegen
Afrikaans: voeg
Limburgish: voge

Old High German: fuogen

Middle High German: vuogen, vüegen

German: fügen

vüegede

Old High German: fuogida; Middle High German

gifōgitha

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *gafōgiþu; Old Saxon

gefüegede

Old High German: gifuogida; Middle High German

fuogen

Old High German: *fuogōn; Middle High German

gefuogen

⇒ Old High German: gifuogōn; Middle High German


fų̄ht

fų̄ht (masculine nominative singular)
fų̄htu (feminine nominative singular)
fų̄ht (neuter nominative singular)
fų̄htanā (accusative masculine singular)
fų̄htā (accusative feminine singular)
fų̄ht (accusative neuter singular)
fų̄htas (genitive masculine singular)
fų̄hteʀā (feminine genitive singular)
fų̄htas (genitive neuter singular)
fų̄htumē (dative masculine singular)
fų̄hteʀē (dative feminine singular)
fų̄htumē (dative neuter singular)
fų̄htu (instrumental masculine singular)
fų̄hteʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
fų̄htu (instrumental neuter singular)
fų̄htē (masculine nominative plural)
fų̄htō (feminine nominative plural)
fų̄htu (neuter nominative plural)
fų̄htā (accusative masculine plural)
fų̄htā (accusative feminine plural)
fų̄htu (accusative neuter plural)
fų̄hteʀō (genitive masculine plural)
fų̄hteʀō (feminine genitive plural)
fų̄hteʀō (genitive neuter plural)
fų̄htēm (dative masculine plural)
fų̄htum (dative masculine plural)
fų̄htēm (dative feminine plural)
fų̄htum (dative feminine plural)
fų̄htēm (dative neuter plural)
fų̄htum (dative neuter plural)
fų̄htēm (instrumental masculine plural)
fų̄htum (instrumental masculine plural)
fų̄htēm (feminine instrumental plural)
fų̄htum (feminine instrumental plural)
fų̄htēm (instrumental neuter plural)
fų̄htum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: fūht

Old Frisian: *fūht, *fūhte

Saterland Frisian: fuchtich

West Frisian: fochte; fochtich

Old Saxon: *fūht

Middle Low German: vucht

German Low German: fucht; fuchtig

Low German: fucht

→ Danish: fugt (noun); fugtig

→ Swedish: fukt (noun); fuktig

→ Norwegian: fuktig

Old Dutch: fughte (in placenames)

Middle Dutch: vucht, vocht

Dutch: vocht (noun); vochtig

Afrikaans: vog (noun); vogtig

Old High German: fūht, fūhti; fiuhti

Middle High German: viuchte

German: feucht

Reflects Proto-Germanic *funhtaz, of uncertain origin. See Proto-Germanic *funhtijaz.


harbist

harbist (nominative singular)
harbistō (nominative plural)
harbistōs (nominative plural)
harbist (accusative singular)
harbistā (accusative plural)
harbistas (genitive singular)
harbistō (genitive plural)
harbistē (dative singular)
harbistum (dative plural)
harbistu (instrumental singular)
harbistum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hærfest, herfest
Middle English: hervest, harvest, ervest, herfest
English: harvest
Scots: hairst, harvest
Yola: hearesth, harrest

Old Frisian: herfst

Saterland Frisian: Häärst

West Frisian: hjerst

North Frisian: Hārefst (Sylt), harewst (Föhr-Amrum)

Old Saxon: hervist

Middle Low German: hervest, harfst

Low German: Harvst, Hiärvst, Hervst

Plautdietsch: Hoafst

Old Dutch: *hervist (attested in compound: hervistmānoth)

Middle Dutch: hervest, herfst

Dutch: herfst

Afrikaans: herfs

Limburgish: herfs, harves

Old High German: herbist

Middle High German: herbest, herbst

Alemannic German: Herpscht

Walser: harpscht, herbscht, hérbscht

Bavarian: herbast, herbischt, hörbist

Cimbrian: herbest, hèrbest, herbust

Mòcheno: herbest

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Herrebst

Luxembourgish: Hierscht

German: Herbst

Vilamovian: hiewyst

Yiddish: האַרבסט (harbst)


hraddjan

hraddjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hraddjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hraddjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hraddjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hraddju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hraddā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hradisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hraddēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hraddōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hradiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hraddē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hraddā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hraddjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hraddum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hradiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hraddud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hraddjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hraddun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hraddjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hraddī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hraddjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hraddī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hraddjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hraddī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hraddjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hraddīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hraddjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hraddīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hraddjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hraddīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hradi (class-1 present singular weak)
hradiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hraddjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hradd (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: hreddan
Middle English: redden, redde, reddenn (Ormulum)
English: redd, red; rid
Scots: redd, red
Yola: red

Old Frisian: hredda, reda

Saterland Frisian: rädje

West Frisian: rêde

Old Saxon: *hreddian

Middle Low German: redden

Low German: redden

→ Danish: redde

→ Icelandic: redda

→ Swedish: rädda

→ Norwegian: redde

Old Dutch: *redden

Middle Dutch: redden

Dutch: redden

Afrikaans: red

Old High German: retten

Middle High German: retten

German: retten

Luxembourgish: retten


hrespan

hrespan (infinitive)
hrespannjas (genitive infinitive)
hrespannjē (dative infinitive)
hrespannju (infinitive instrumental)
hrespu (first-person present singular)
hrasp (first-person past singular)
hrispiʀi (present second-person singular)
hruspī (past second-person singular)
hrispidi (present singular third-person)
hrasp (past singular third-person)
hrespum (first-person plural present)
hruspum (first-person past plural)
hrispid (plural present second-person)
hruspud (past plural second-person)
hrespand (plural present third-person)
hruspun (past plural third-person)
hrespē (first-person present singular)
hruspī (first-person past singular)
hrespēs (present second-person singular)
hrespē (present singular third-person)
hruspī (past singular third-person)
hrespēm (first-person plural present)
hruspīm (first-person past plural)
hrespēþ (plural present second-person)
hruspīd (past plural second-person)
hrespēn (plural present third-person)
hruspīn (past plural third-person)
hrisp (present singular)
hrispid (plural present)
hrespandī (participle present)
hrospan (participle past)

⇒ Old English: ġehrespan

Old Frisian: hrespa

Old High German: hrespan, respan

Middle High German: rëspen


widuwā

widuwā (nominative singular)
widuwōn (nominative plural)
widuwōn (accusative singular)
widuwōn (accusative plural)
widuwōn (genitive singular)
widuwōnō (genitive plural)
widuwōn (dative singular)
widuwōm (dative plural)
widuwum (dative plural)
widuwōn (instrumental singular)
widuwōm (instrumental plural)
widuwum (instrumental plural)

Old English: widuwe, widua — Northumbrian, wuduwe — West Saxon, widewe, wyduwe, weoduwe, weodewe, wydewe
Middle English: widwe
English: widow
Scots: weedae, wedow, widdow

Old Frisian: widwe, wedwe

Saterland Frisian: Wiede- (in Wiedewieuw, Wiedekäärel)

West Frisian: widdo

Old Saxon: widuwa, widowa

desc

Middle Low German: wedewe, weduwe, wedue

Plautdietsch: Wät- (in Wätfru)

desctree

Old Dutch: widowa
Middle Dutch: weduwe, wedewe
Dutch: weduwe, (archaic) weeuw
Afrikaans: weduwee
Negerhollands: weduwe
→ Caribbean Hindustani: widhwá

Old High German: wituwa, witawa
Middle High German: witewe
Cimbrian: bittaba
German: Witwe
Luxembourgish: Wit- (in Witfra, Witmann)
Vilamovian: wytwa

From Proto-Germanic *widuwǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁widʰéwh₂ (“widow”).


kneht

kneht (nominative singular)
knehtō (nominative plural)
knehtōs (nominative plural)
kneht (accusative singular)
knehtā (accusative plural)
knehtas (genitive singular)
knehtō (genitive plural)
knehtē (dative singular)
knehtum (dative plural)
knehtu (instrumental singular)
knehtum (instrumental plural)

Old English: cniht, cnaiht — Northumbrian, cnæht — Mercian, Northumbrian, cneht — Anglian, cneoht, cnyht, cnieht
Middle English: knyght
English: knight
Scots: knicht
Yola: nickht

Old Frisian: kniucht, knecht

North Frisian: knecht

Saterland Frisian: Knächt

West Frisian: knjocht

Old Saxon: kneht

Middle Low German: knecht

Dutch Low Saxon: knecht

desc

German Low German: Knecht, (Westphalian) Knech

→ Danish: knægt

→ Faroese: knektur

→ Swedish: knekt

→ Norwegian: knekt

desctree

Old Dutch: cneht
Middle Dutch: cnecht
Dutch: knecht
Afrikaans: kneg
→ Indonesian: kenek
Negerhollands: knegt, knecht
Limburgish: knech

Old High German: kneht

Middle High German: knëht

Alemannic German: Chnëcht

German: Knecht
→ Russian: кнехт (knext)

Luxembourgish: Kniecht

Yiddish: קנעכט (knekht)


māan

māan (infinitive)
māannjas (genitive infinitive)
māannjē (dative infinitive)
māannju (infinitive instrumental)
māu (first-person present singular)
mē (first-person past singular)
māiʀi (present second-person singular)
mēī (past second-person singular)
māidi (present singular third-person)
mē (past singular third-person)
māum (first-person plural present)
mēum (first-person past plural)
māid (plural present second-person)
mēud (past plural second-person)
māand (plural present third-person)
mēun (past plural third-person)
māē (first-person present singular)
mēī (first-person past singular)
māēs (present second-person singular)
māē (present singular third-person)
mēī (past singular third-person)
māēm (first-person plural present)
mēīm (first-person past plural)
māēþ (plural present second-person)
mēīd (past plural second-person)
māēn (plural present third-person)
mēīn (past plural third-person)
mā (present singular)
māid (plural present)
māandī (participle present)
māan (participle past)

Old English: māwan
Middle English: mowen
English: mow
Scots: maw

Old Frisian: *meā, *miā

Saterland Frisian: mjo

West Frisian: mjeane, meane

Old Saxon: *māian

desc

Middle Low German: meien, meyen, meygen, meigen, mêgen

German Low German: maihen

→ Swedish: meja

→ Danish: meje

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: meie

Norwegian Nynorsk: meia, meie

Old Dutch: *māien

Middle Dutch: mâyen

Dutch: maaien

Afrikaans: maai

Old High German: māen

Middle High German: mæjen

German: mähen

Luxembourgish: méien


plehan

plehan (infinitive)
plehannjas (genitive infinitive)
plehannjē (dative infinitive)
plehannju (infinitive instrumental)
plehu (first-person present singular)
plah (first-person past singular)
plihiʀi (present second-person singular)
plāgī (past second-person singular)
plihidi (present singular third-person)
plah (past singular third-person)
plehum (first-person plural present)
plāgum (first-person past plural)
plihid (plural present second-person)
plāgud (past plural second-person)
plehand (plural present third-person)
plāgun (past plural third-person)
plehē (first-person present singular)
plāgī (first-person past singular)
plehēs (present second-person singular)
plehē (present singular third-person)
plāgī (past singular third-person)
plehēm (first-person plural present)
plāgīm (first-person past plural)
plehēþ (plural present second-person)
plāgīd (past plural second-person)
plehēn (plural present third-person)
plāgīn (past plural third-person)
plih (present singular)
plihid (plural present)
plehandī (participle present)
plegan (participle past)

Old English: plēon, pleġan

Old Frisian: plega

desctree

Old Saxon: plegan
Middle Low German: plēgen, pleggen, pleyen
Low German: plegen
→ Old Norse: plega
Norwegian Bokmål: pleie
Norwegian Nynorsk: pleie
Swedish: pläga
Danish: pleje

Old Dutch: *plian

Middle Dutch: plien

Old Dutch: plegan
Middle Dutch: plēgen
Dutch: plegen
Limburgish: plieëge

desc

Old High German: plegan, pflegan, phlegan

Middle High German: phlëgen, pflegen

Alemannic German: pflääge, pfläge (Appenzell, St. Gallen, Glarus, Schaffhausen, Thurgau, Unterwald)

German: pflegen

→ Polish: pielęgnować

→ Silesian: flyjgować

Luxembourgish: fleegen

Yiddish: פֿלעג (fleg)

>? Medieval Latin: *pleviō, plebiō (“pledge”, verb)

⇒ Medieval Latin: plevium, plebium (“pledge”, noun)

desctree

Old French: plege, plage, plaige, ploge, ploige
Anglo-Norman: plege
→ Middle English: plege
English: pledge
French: pleige

Unknown. Compare perhaps Middle High German spulgen (“to be used to”), based on which Kroonen reconstructs a quasi-Indo-European pre-form of *pslek-, albeit with no secure non-Germanic cognates.


raikijan

raikijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
raikijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
raikijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
raikijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
raikiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
raikidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
raikisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
raikidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
raikidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
raikiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
raikidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
raikidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
raikijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
raikidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
raikiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
raikidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
raikijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
raikidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
raikijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
raikidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
raikijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
raikidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
raikijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
raikidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
raikijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
raikidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
raikijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
raikidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
raikijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
raikidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
raiki (class-1 present singular weak)
raikiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
raikijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
raikid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: rǣċan

Middle English: rechen

Scots: reche, reich

English: reach

Old Frisian: rēka, rētza

North Frisian: reke

Saterland Frisian: räkke

West Frisian: reke, rikke

Old Saxon: *rēkian

Middle Low German: rêken, rêiken

German Low German: recken

desctree

Old Dutch: *reiken
Middle Dutch: reiken
Dutch: reiken
Afrikaans: reik

Old High German: reichen, reihhen
Middle High German: reichen
Bavarian: reicha, reichn
Cimbrian: rékhan
German: reichen
Yiddish: גרייכן (greykhn)


skāp

skāp (nominative singular)
skāpu (nominative plural)
skāp (accusative singular)
skāpu (accusative plural)
skāpas (genitive singular)
skāpō (genitive plural)
skāpē (dative singular)
skāpum (dative plural)
skāpu (instrumental singular)
skāpum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sċēap, *sċǣp, sċēp, sċāp, scīp
Middle English: schep, scheep, schepe, sheep, shepe, ssep (Kent, Southern)
English: sheep (see there for further descendants)
Middle Scots: scheip, schap, scheep, schepe, schip
Scots: sheep
Yola: zheep, sheep

Old Frisian: skēp
North Frisian:
Föhr-Amrum: schep, schap
Goesharde: schäip
Helgoland: skēap
Mooring: schäip
Sylt: Sjip
Wiedingharde: sees
East Frisian:
Harlingerland Frisian: schaip
Saterland Frisian: Skäip, Schäip
Wangerooge Frisian: schaip
Wursten Frisian: schepp, scheep
West Frisian: skiep
Hindeloopen: skeep
Schiermonnikoog: schiep

Old Saxon: skāp, scāp
Middle Low German: schâp
Low German: Schaap, Schap
German Low German: Schaap, Schåp, Schoap, Schaop, Schoop, Schap, Schop
Hamburgisch: Schaap
Westphalian:
Ravensbergisch: Schåp
Sauerländisch: Schōp
Westmünsterländisch: Schaop
Plautdietsch: Schop

Old Dutch: skāp, scāp
Middle Dutch: schâep
Dutch: schaap
Afrikaans: skaap
Berbice Creole Dutch: skapu
Jersey Dutch: sxâp
Negerhollands: skaap, skap
→ Lokono: sjikapoe, shikápo
→ Sranan Tongo: skapu
→ Saramaccan: sikáfu, sikápu
→ Warao: sikabo

Old High German: scāf
Middle High German: schāf
Alemannic German: Schooff
Swabian: Schoaf
Bavarian: Schåf
Carinthian: Hap
East Central German:
Upper Saxon German: Schåf
German: Schaf
→ Alemannic German: Schaf
Hunsrik: Schof
Luxembourgish: Schof
Rhine Franconian: Schoof
Palatine German: Schoof
Pennsylvania German: Schof
Vilamovian: siöf
Yiddish: שאָף (shof)


smertan

smertan (infinitive)
smertannjas (genitive infinitive)
smertannjē (dative infinitive)
smertannju (infinitive instrumental)
smertu (first-person present singular)
smart (first-person past singular)
smirtiʀi (present second-person singular)
smurtī (past second-person singular)
smirtidi (present singular third-person)
smart (past singular third-person)
smertum (first-person plural present)
smurtum (first-person past plural)
smirtid (plural present second-person)
smurtud (past plural second-person)
smertand (plural present third-person)
smurtun (past plural third-person)
smertē (first-person present singular)
smurtī (first-person past singular)
smertēs (present second-person singular)
smertē (present singular third-person)
smurtī (past singular third-person)
smertēm (first-person plural present)
smurtīm (first-person past plural)
smertēþ (plural present second-person)
smurtīd (past plural second-person)
smertēn (plural present third-person)
smurtīn (past plural third-person)
smirt (present singular)
smirtid (plural present)
smertandī (participle present)
smortan (participle past)

Old English: *smeortan

desc

Middle English: smerten, smeorten, smearten, smarten

English: smart

Scots: smert, smairt

Old Frisian: *smerta

Saterland Frisian: smeete, smäite

West Frisian: smerte

Old Saxon: *smertan

Middle Low German: smerten, smarten

German Low German: smarten

Low German: smerten

→ Danish: smerte

→ Swedish: smärta

→ Norwegian: smerte

Old Dutch: *smertan

Middle Dutch: smerten, smarten

Dutch: smarten

Afrikaans: smart

Old High German: smerzan

Middle High German: schmerzen

German: schmerzen


stappjan

stappjan (infinitive)
stappjannjas (genitive infinitive)
stappjannjē (dative infinitive)
stappjannju (infinitive instrumental)
stappju (first-person present singular)
stōp (first-person past singular)
stapiʀi (present second-person singular)
stōpī (past second-person singular)
stapidi (present singular third-person)
stōp (past singular third-person)
stappjum (first-person plural present)
stōpum (first-person past plural)
stapid (plural present second-person)
stōpud (past plural second-person)
stappjand (plural present third-person)
stōpun (past plural third-person)
stappjē (first-person present singular)
stōpī (first-person past singular)
stappjēs (present second-person singular)
stappjē (present singular third-person)
stōpī (past singular third-person)
stappjēm (first-person plural present)
stōpīm (first-person past plural)
stappjēþ (plural present second-person)
stōpīd (past plural second-person)
stappjēn (plural present third-person)
stōpīn (past plural third-person)
stapi (present singular)
stapid (plural present)
stappjandī (participle present)
stapan (participle past)

Old English: stæppan, steppan

Middle English: steppen, stappen

English: step

→ Dutch: steppen

Scots: stap, stop, step

Old Frisian: steppa, stapa

North Frisian: stape

Saterland Frisian: stappe

West Frisian: stappe

Old Saxon: steppian

Middle Low German: stappen, stippen

German Low German: stappen

Old Dutch: *stappen, *steppen

Middle Dutch: stappen

Dutch: stappen

Afrikaans: stap

Old High German: stepfen, stephen

Middle High German: stepfen

German: stepfen (obsolete)


swōgan

swōgan (infinitive)
swōgannjas (genitive infinitive)
swōgannjē (dative infinitive)
swōgannju (infinitive instrumental)
swōgu (first-person present singular)
sweōg (first-person past singular)
swōgiʀi (present second-person singular)
sweōgī (past second-person singular)
swōgidi (present singular third-person)
sweōg (past singular third-person)
swōgum (first-person plural present)
sweōgum (first-person past plural)
swōgid (plural present second-person)
sweōgud (past plural second-person)
swōgand (plural present third-person)
sweōgun (past plural third-person)
swōgē (first-person present singular)
sweōgī (first-person past singular)
swōgēs (present second-person singular)
swōgē (present singular third-person)
sweōgī (past singular third-person)
swōgēm (first-person plural present)
sweōgīm (first-person past plural)
swōgēþ (plural present second-person)
sweōgīd (past plural second-person)
swōgēn (plural present third-person)
sweōgīn (past plural third-person)
swōg (present singular)
swōgid (plural present)
swōgandī (participle present)
swōgan (participle past)

desctree

Old English: swōgan
Middle English: swowen, souȝen, soghen
English: sough
Scots: swouch, souch
Middle English: swōune (“faintness”) (past participle)
Middle English: swōunen
English: swoon

Old Saxon: swōgan

Old Dutch: *swuogan

Middle Dutch: *swoegen

Dutch: zwoegen


swōgan

Old English: swōgan, swœ̄gan

desc

Middle English: swoȝen, swowen, swough, swogh, *sough

English: sough

From Proto-Germanic *swōganą (“to resound”).


walkan

walkan (infinitive)
walkannjas (genitive infinitive)
walkannjē (dative infinitive)
walkannju (infinitive instrumental)
walku (first-person present singular)
wealk (first-person past singular)
walkiʀi (present second-person singular)
wealkī (past second-person singular)
walkidi (present singular third-person)
wealk (past singular third-person)
walkum (first-person plural present)
wealkum (first-person past plural)
walkid (plural present second-person)
wealkud (past plural second-person)
walkand (plural present third-person)
wealkun (past plural third-person)
walkē (first-person present singular)
wealkī (first-person past singular)
walkēs (present second-person singular)
walkē (present singular third-person)
wealkī (past singular third-person)
walkēm (first-person plural present)
wealkīm (first-person past plural)
walkēþ (plural present second-person)
wealkīd (past plural second-person)
walkēn (plural present third-person)
wealkīn (past plural third-person)
walk (present singular)
walkid (plural present)
walkandī (participle present)
walkan (participle past)

desctree

Old English: wealcan
Middle English: walken, walk, walke, walkyn, wolken (conflated with wealcian)
English: walk, waulk
Scots: walk

Old Saxon: *walkan

Middle Low German: walken

Low German: walken

Old Dutch: *walcan

Middle Dutch: walken
Dutch: walken

desc

Old High German: walcan, walkan, walchan

Middle High German: walchen, walken

Bavarian: wålchn, wålgn, woika, woikn

Cimbrian: balchan

German: walken

→ Italian: gualcare

→ Old French: gauchier

Middle French: gauchier, gaucher, gauchir

French: gauchir

Walloon: wauquier

Old French: gauchie, guauche

Middle French: gauche, gaulche

French: gauche

→ English: gauche

Norman: gauche

Walloon: gôche


werud

werud (nominative singular)
werudu (nominative plural)
werud (accusative singular)
werudu (accusative plural)
werudas (genitive singular)
werudō (genitive plural)
werudē (dative singular)
werudum (dative plural)
werudu (instrumental singular)
werudum (instrumental plural)

Old English: werod, weorod

* Middle English: wered, werd, wird

Old Saxon: werud

From Proto-Germanic *werudą (“(band of) men”).


wolkn

wolkn (nominative singular)
wolknu (nominative plural)
wolkn (accusative singular)
wolknu (accusative plural)
wolknas (genitive singular)
wolknō (genitive plural)
wolknē (dative singular)
wolknum (dative plural)
wolknu (instrumental singular)
wolknum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: wolcn, weolcen, wolc, wolcen
Middle English: welken (from plural wolcnu)
English: welkin
Scots: walk, wak (from wolc)

Old Frisian: wolken, wulken, ulken

North Frisian: wolk

West Frisian: wolken, wolke, wolk

Old Saxon: wolkan, wolcan

Middle Low German: wolken, wulken

Old Dutch: uulcun, wulkon

Middle Dutch: wolken

Old High German: wolkan, wolcan

desc

Middle High German: wolken, wulken n or f or m

Bavarian: Woikn, Wolkn

Yiddish: וואָלקן (volkn)


wrīhan

wrīhan (infinitive)
wrīhannjas (genitive infinitive)
wrīhannjē (dative infinitive)
wrīhannju (infinitive instrumental)
wrīhu (first-person present singular)
wraih (first-person past singular)
wrīhiʀi (present second-person singular)
wrigī (past second-person singular)
wrīhidi (present singular third-person)
wraih (past singular third-person)
wrīhum (first-person plural present)
wrigum (first-person past plural)
wrīhid (plural present second-person)
wrigud (past plural second-person)
wrīhand (plural present third-person)
wrigun (past plural third-person)
wrīhē (first-person present singular)
wrigī (first-person past singular)
wrīhēs (present second-person singular)
wrīhē (present singular third-person)
wrigī (past singular third-person)
wrīhēm (first-person plural present)
wrigīm (first-person past plural)
wrīhēþ (plural present second-person)
wrigīd (past plural second-person)
wrīhēn (plural present third-person)
wrigīn (past plural third-person)
wrīh (present singular)
wrīhid (plural present)
wrīhandī (participle present)
wrigan (participle past)

desctree

Old English: wrēon (“to cover (up)”)
Middle English: wrihen, wreon, wrien, wryen
English: wry

Old Frisian: *wrīgia

desc

West Frisian: riuwe (“to bind with twine; to constrict”)

⇒ Old Frisian: wreigenge (“bedcover, duvet”)

⇒ Old Frisian: wrichte (“battle-garment”)

Old Saxon: *wrīgan, *wrīan

Middle Low German: rîgen, rîen

German Low German:

Altmärkisch: rîn

Low Prussian: rêgen

Westphalian:

Bentheimisch: rîgen

Dortmundisch, Sauerländisch: riggen

Sauerländisch: reyjen (Wenden)

East Westphalian: rüijen, rüigen, röjjen (Lippe), ruijjen (Ravensberg)

Westmünsterländisch: rijen

Old Dutch: *rīgan, *rīan

desctree

Middle Dutch: rîen (“to bind with twine”), rijenn, rîgen
Dutch: rijgen
Limburgish: riege

Old High German: rīhan, *rīgan

desc

Middle High German: rîhen, rîgen, rîhhen (“to pleat; to impale”)

German: reihen

Luxembourgish: reien

Presumably from Proto-Germanic *wrīhaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wreyḱ- (“to twist, weave, bind”).


grōtijan

grōtijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
grōtijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
grōtijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
grōtijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
grōtiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
grōtidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
grōtisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
grōtidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
grōtidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
grōtiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
grōtidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
grōtidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
grōtijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
grōtidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
grōtiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
grōtidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
grōtijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
grōtidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
grōtijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
grōtidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
grōtijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
grōtidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
grōtijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
grōtidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
grōtijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
grōtidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
grōtijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
grōtidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
grōtijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
grōtidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
grōti (class-1 present singular weak)
grōtiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
grōtijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
grōtid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: grētan, grœ̄tan — Anglian
Middle English: greten
English: greet
Scots: grete, greit

Old Frisian: grēta

Saterland Frisian: gröitje

West Frisian: groetsje

Old Saxon: grōtian
Middle Low German: grö̂ten
German Low German: gröten

Old Dutch: *gruoten

Middle Dutch: groeten, gruten
Dutch: groeten
Afrikaans: groet
Negerhollands: groet, gruet, groetnes
→ Caribbean Javanese: khrut

Old High German: gruozen, gruozzen

Middle High German: grüezen

Alemannic German: grüesse

Bavarian: griaßn

desc

Cimbrian: grüazan, grüusan (Sette Comuni)

German: grüßen

Luxembourgish: gréissen

→? Vulgar Latin: *grōtiāre

Old French: grocier, grucier, groucier, grouchier

→ Middle English: grouchen, grucchen

English: grouch, grutch, grudge, grouse

Scots: gruch, grutch, grunch


þeudan

þeudan (nominative singular)
þeudanō (nominative plural)
þeudanōs (nominative plural)
þeudan (accusative singular)
þeudanā (accusative plural)
þeudanas (genitive singular)
þeudanō (genitive plural)
þeudanē (dative singular)
þeudanum (dative plural)
þeudanu (instrumental singular)
þeudanum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þēoden

Old Saxon: thiodan


wāpn

wāpn (nominative singular)
wāpnu (nominative plural)
wāpn (accusative singular)
wāpnu (accusative plural)
wāpnas (genitive singular)
wāpnō (genitive plural)
wāpnē (dative singular)
wāpnum (dative plural)
wāpnu (instrumental singular)
wāpnum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wǣpn, wǣpen

Middle English: wæpenn, wepen

English: weapon

Scots: weipen, weapoun, weapon

Old Frisian: *wāpin, wēpin

Saterland Frisian: Woapen

West Frisian: wapen

Old Saxon: wāpan

Middle Low German: wāpen

German Low German: Wapen, Wopen

→ Middle High German: wāpen

German: Wappen

Old Dutch: wāpan

Middle Dutch: wapen

Dutch: wapen

desctree

Old High German: wāfan
Middle High German: wāfen, wapen
Alemannic German: Waaffe
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Waff
Luxembourgish: Waff
German: Waffe
→ German Low German: Waffe
Yiddish: וואָפֿן (vofn)


grādag

grādag (masculine nominative singular)
grādagu (feminine nominative singular)
grādag (neuter nominative singular)
grādaganā (accusative masculine singular)
grādagā (accusative feminine singular)
grādag (accusative neuter singular)
grādagas (genitive masculine singular)
grādageʀā (feminine genitive singular)
grādagas (genitive neuter singular)
grādagumē (dative masculine singular)
grādageʀē (dative feminine singular)
grādagumē (dative neuter singular)
grādagu (instrumental masculine singular)
grādageʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
grādagu (instrumental neuter singular)
grādagē (masculine nominative plural)
grādagō (feminine nominative plural)
grādagu (neuter nominative plural)
grādagā (accusative masculine plural)
grādagā (accusative feminine plural)
grādagu (accusative neuter plural)
grādageʀō (genitive masculine plural)
grādageʀō (feminine genitive plural)
grādageʀō (genitive neuter plural)
grādagēm (dative masculine plural)
grādagum (dative masculine plural)
grādagēm (dative feminine plural)
grādagum (dative feminine plural)
grādagēm (dative neuter plural)
grādagum (dative neuter plural)
grādagēm (instrumental masculine plural)
grādagum (instrumental masculine plural)
grādagēm (feminine instrumental plural)
grādagum (feminine instrumental plural)
grādagēm (instrumental neuter plural)
grādagum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: grǣdiġ

Middle English: gredy

English: greedy

Scots: gredy, gredie

Old Saxon: grādag

Old Dutch: *grādag

Middle Dutch: gradig

Dutch: graag

Afrikaans: graag

Old High German: grātag


swās

swās (masculine nominative singular)
swāsu (feminine nominative singular)
swās (neuter nominative singular)
swāsanā (accusative masculine singular)
swāsā (accusative feminine singular)
swās (accusative neuter singular)
swāsas (genitive masculine singular)
swāseʀā (feminine genitive singular)
swāsas (genitive neuter singular)
swāsumē (dative masculine singular)
swāseʀē (dative feminine singular)
swāsumē (dative neuter singular)
swāsu (instrumental masculine singular)
swāseʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
swāsu (instrumental neuter singular)
swāsē (masculine nominative plural)
swāsō (feminine nominative plural)
swāsu (neuter nominative plural)
swāsā (accusative masculine plural)
swāsā (accusative feminine plural)
swāsu (accusative neuter plural)
swāseʀō (genitive masculine plural)
swāseʀō (feminine genitive plural)
swāseʀō (genitive neuter plural)
swāsēm (dative masculine plural)
swāsum (dative masculine plural)
swāsēm (dative feminine plural)
swāsum (dative feminine plural)
swāsēm (dative neuter plural)
swāsum (dative neuter plural)
swāsēm (instrumental masculine plural)
swāsum (instrumental masculine plural)
swāsēm (feminine instrumental plural)
swāsum (feminine instrumental plural)
swāsēm (instrumental neuter plural)
swāsum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: swǣs

Old Frisian: swēs

Old Saxon: swās

Old High German: swās


blāsan

blāsan (infinitive)
blāsannjas (genitive infinitive)
blāsannjē (dative infinitive)
blāsannju (infinitive instrumental)
blāsu (first-person present singular)
blēs (first-person past singular)
blāsiʀi (present second-person singular)
blēʀī (past second-person singular)
blāsidi (present singular third-person)
blēs (past singular third-person)
blāsum (first-person plural present)
blēʀum (first-person past plural)
blāsid (plural present second-person)
blēʀud (past plural second-person)
blāsand (plural present third-person)
blēʀun (past plural third-person)
blāsē (first-person present singular)
blēʀī (first-person past singular)
blāsēs (present second-person singular)
blāsē (present singular third-person)
blēʀī (past singular third-person)
blāsēm (first-person plural present)
blēʀīm (first-person past plural)
blāsēþ (plural present second-person)
blēʀīd (past plural second-person)
blāsēn (plural present third-person)
blēʀīn (past plural third-person)
blās (present singular)
blāsid (plural present)
blāsandī (participle present)
blāʀan (participle past)

Old English: *blāsan, *blǣsan

Middle English: blasen

English: blaze (“to blow, trumpet”)

Scots: blase, blaze

Old Frisian: *blāsa, *blēsa

desc

Saterland Frisian: bloasje, bleesje, bloazje, bläizje

West Frisian: blieze

Old Saxon: *blāsan

Middle Low German: blâsen

Low German: blasen

Plautdietsch: blosen

→ West Frisian: blaze

desctree

Old Dutch: *blāsan
Middle Dutch: blâsen
Dutch: blazen
Afrikaans: blaas
Berbice Creole Dutch: blasi
Negerhollands: blaas, aass, blaes
Petjo: blazen
→ Papiamentu: blas
Limburgish: blaoze
Zealandic: blaeze
→ French: blaser
⇒ French: blasé
→ English: blasé
→ German: blasiert

Old High German: blāsan

Middle High German: blāsen

Bavarian: blåsn

German: blasen

Luxembourgish: blosen

Yiddish: בלאָזן (blozn)


māg

māg (nominative singular)
māgō (nominative plural)
māgōs (nominative plural)
māg (accusative singular)
māgā (accusative plural)
māgas (genitive singular)
māgō (genitive plural)
māgē (dative singular)
māgum (dative plural)
māgu (instrumental singular)
māgum (instrumental plural)

Old English: mǣġ m or f

Middle English: mæȝ, mæi, meȝ, mei

English: may (“kinsman, person”)

desc

⇒ Old English: māga m (“descendant, son”)

⇒ Old English: māge, mǣġe f

Old Frisian: mēch

North Frisian: meeg

Old Saxon: māg

Middle Low German: mâch

Old Dutch: *māg

Middle Dutch: mâech

Dutch: maag

Afrikaans: maag

Old High German: māg

Middle High German: māc

German: Mage


lākī

lākī (nominative singular)
lākijō (nominative plural)
lākijōs (nominative plural)
lākī (accusative singular)
lākijā (accusative plural)
lākijas (genitive singular)
lākijō (genitive plural)
lākijē (dative singular)
lākijum (dative plural)
lākiju (instrumental singular)
lākijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: lǣċe

Middle English: leche

English: leech

Old Frisian: lēka, lētza

Old High German: lāhhi