fralaidijan

fralaidijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
fralaidijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
fralaidijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
fralaidijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
fralaidiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fralaididā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fralaidisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fralaididēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fralaididōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fralaidiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fralaididē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fralaididā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fralaidijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fralaididum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fralaidiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fralaididud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fralaidijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fralaididun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fralaidijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fralaididī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fralaidijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fralaididī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fralaidijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fralaididī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fralaidijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fralaididīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fralaidijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fralaididīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fralaidijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fralaididīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fralaidi (class-1 present singular weak)
fralaidiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
fralaidijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
fralaidid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: forlǣdan
Middle English: forleden
English: forlead

Old Frisian: forlēda

West Frisian: ferliede

Saterland Frisian: ferliede

Old Saxon: farlēdian

Middle Low German: vorlêden, vörlêden

Low German: verleden

Old Dutch: *farlēden, *farleiden

Middle Dutch: verlêden

Dutch: verleiden

Old High German: firleiten

desc

Middle High German: ferleiten, verleiten

German: verleiten

→? Old French: forvoier (calque)

French: fourvoyer


bannōn

bannōn (infinitive)
bannōnijas (genitive infinitive)
bannōnijē (dative infinitive)
bannōniju (infinitive instrumental)
bannō (first-person present singular)
bannōdā (first-person past singular)
bannōs (present second-person singular)
bannōdēs (past second-person singular)
bannōdōs (past second-person singular)
bannōþ (present singular third-person)
bannōdē (past singular third-person)
bannōdā (past singular third-person)
bannōm (first-person plural present)
bannōdum (first-person past plural)
bannōþ (plural present second-person)
bannōdud (past plural second-person)
bannōnþ (plural present third-person)
bannōdun (past plural third-person)
bannōdī (first-person past singular)
bannōdī (past second-person singular)
bannō (present singular third-person)
bannōdī (past singular third-person)
bannōdīm (first-person past plural)
bannōdīd (past plural second-person)
bannōn (plural present third-person)
bannōdīn (past plural third-person)
bannō (present singular)
bannōþ (plural present)
bannōndī (participle present)
bannōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: bannia

Saterland Frisian: bonje

Old Dutch: bannon

Old High German: bannōn

From Proto-Germanic *bannōną, equivalent to *bann (“order, ban”) + *-ōn.


angwēn

angwēn (infinitive)
angwēnijas (genitive infinitive)
angwēnijē (dative infinitive)
angwēniju (infinitive instrumental)
angwē (first-person present singular)
angw?dā (first-person past singular)
angwēs (present second-person singular)
angw?dēs (past second-person singular)
angwēþ (present singular third-person)
angw?dē (past singular third-person)
angw?dā (past singular third-person)
angwēm (first-person plural present)
angw?dum (first-person past plural)
angwēþ (plural present second-person)
angw?dud (past plural second-person)
angwēnþ (plural present third-person)
angw?dun (past plural third-person)
angw?dī (first-person past singular)
angw?dī (past second-person singular)
angwē (present singular third-person)
angw?dī (past singular third-person)
angw?dīm (first-person past plural)
angw?dīd (past plural second-person)
angwēn (plural present third-person)
angw?dīn (past plural third-person)
angwē (present singular)
angwēþ (plural present)
angwēndī (participle present)
angw?d (participle past)

Old English: angian

Old Frisian: angia

Old Dutch: *angen

Middle Dutch: *angen

Dutch: angen (obsolete, attested in early modern dutch)

Old High German: angēn

Middle High German: angen

From Proto-Germanic *angwāną. Equivalent to *angī (“narrow”) + *-ēn.


daudēn

daudēn (infinitive)
daudēnijas (genitive infinitive)
daudēnijē (dative infinitive)
daudēniju (infinitive instrumental)
daudē (first-person present singular)
daud?dā (first-person past singular)
daudēs (present second-person singular)
daud?dēs (past second-person singular)
daudēþ (present singular third-person)
daud?dē (past singular third-person)
daud?dā (past singular third-person)
daudēm (first-person plural present)
daud?dum (first-person past plural)
daudēþ (plural present second-person)
daud?dud (past plural second-person)
daudēnþ (plural present third-person)
daud?dun (past plural third-person)
daud?dī (first-person past singular)
daud?dī (past second-person singular)
daudē (present singular third-person)
daud?dī (past singular third-person)
daud?dīm (first-person past plural)
daud?dīd (past plural second-person)
daudēn (plural present third-person)
daud?dīn (past plural third-person)
daudē (present singular)
daudēþ (plural present)
daudēndī (participle present)
daud?d (participle past)

Old English: déadian

Old Frisian: *dâdia

Old Frisian: ofdâdia

Old High German: *tōtēn, tōdēn (with -d- due to influence from the noun tōd)

Middle High German: tōten, tōden


hlūdēn

hlūdēn (infinitive)
hlūdēnijas (genitive infinitive)
hlūdēnijē (dative infinitive)
hlūdēniju (infinitive instrumental)
hlūdē (first-person present singular)
hlūd?dā (first-person past singular)
hlūdēs (present second-person singular)
hlūd?dēs (past second-person singular)
hlūdēþ (present singular third-person)
hlūd?dē (past singular third-person)
hlūd?dā (past singular third-person)
hlūdēm (first-person plural present)
hlūd?dum (first-person past plural)
hlūdēþ (plural present second-person)
hlūd?dud (past plural second-person)
hlūdēnþ (plural present third-person)
hlūd?dun (past plural third-person)
hlūd?dī (first-person past singular)
hlūd?dī (past second-person singular)
hlūdē (present singular third-person)
hlūd?dī (past singular third-person)
hlūd?dīm (first-person past plural)
hlūd?dīd (past plural second-person)
hlūdēn (plural present third-person)
hlūd?dīn (past plural third-person)
hlūdē (present singular)
hlūdēþ (plural present)
hlūdēndī (participle present)
hlūd?d (participle past)

Old Saxon: hlūdōn

Middle Low German: lūden

Old Dutch: lūdon

Middle Dutch: luden

Dutch: luiden

Old High German: lūtēn

Middle High German: lūten

German: lauten


frostēn

frostēn (infinitive)
frostēnijas (genitive infinitive)
frostēnijē (dative infinitive)
frostēniju (infinitive instrumental)
frostē (first-person present singular)
frost?dā (first-person past singular)
frostēs (present second-person singular)
frost?dēs (past second-person singular)
frostēþ (present singular third-person)
frost?dē (past singular third-person)
frost?dā (past singular third-person)
frostēm (first-person plural present)
frost?dum (first-person past plural)
frostēþ (plural present second-person)
frost?dud (past plural second-person)
frostēnþ (plural present third-person)
frost?dun (past plural third-person)
frost?dī (first-person past singular)
frost?dī (past second-person singular)
frostē (present singular third-person)
frost?dī (past singular third-person)
frost?dīm (first-person past plural)
frost?dīd (past plural second-person)
frostēn (plural present third-person)
frost?dīn (past plural third-person)
frostē (present singular)
frostēþ (plural present)
frostēndī (participle present)
frost?d (participle past)

Old Frisian: frostia

desctree

Old Dutch: *froston
Middle Dutch: vorsten
Dutch: vorsten

Old High German: *frostēn

⇒ Old High German: irfrostēn

Middle High German: vrosten

German: frosten

From Proto-Germanic *frustāną. Equivalent to *frost (“frost”) + *-ēn.


sūrēn

sūrēn (infinitive)
sūrēnijas (genitive infinitive)
sūrēnijē (dative infinitive)
sūrēniju (infinitive instrumental)
sūrē (first-person present singular)
sūr?dā (first-person past singular)
sūrēs (present second-person singular)
sūr?dēs (past second-person singular)
sūrēþ (present singular third-person)
sūr?dē (past singular third-person)
sūr?dā (past singular third-person)
sūrēm (first-person plural present)
sūr?dum (first-person past plural)
sūrēþ (plural present second-person)
sūr?dud (past plural second-person)
sūrēnþ (plural present third-person)
sūr?dun (past plural third-person)
sūr?dī (first-person past singular)
sūr?dī (past second-person singular)
sūrē (present singular third-person)
sūr?dī (past singular third-person)
sūr?dīm (first-person past plural)
sūr?dīd (past plural second-person)
sūrēn (plural present third-person)
sūr?dīn (past plural third-person)
sūrē (present singular)
sūrēþ (plural present)
sūrēndī (participle present)
sūr?d (participle past)

Old English: sūrian

Middle English: souren

English: sour

Old Frisian: *sūria

West Frisian: sûrje

Old Saxon: *sūron

Middle Low German: *sūren

⇒ Middle Low German: försūren

Old Dutch: *sūron
Middle Dutch: suren
Dutch: zuren

Old High German: sūrēn

Middle High German: sūren


rīkēn

rīkēn (infinitive)
rīkēnijas (genitive infinitive)
rīkēnijē (dative infinitive)
rīkēniju (infinitive instrumental)
rīkē (first-person present singular)
rīk?dā (first-person past singular)
rīkēs (present second-person singular)
rīk?dēs (past second-person singular)
rīkēþ (present singular third-person)
rīk?dē (past singular third-person)
rīk?dā (past singular third-person)
rīkēm (first-person plural present)
rīk?dum (first-person past plural)
rīkēþ (plural present second-person)
rīk?dud (past plural second-person)
rīkēnþ (plural present third-person)
rīk?dun (past plural third-person)
rīk?dī (first-person past singular)
rīk?dī (past second-person singular)
rīkē (present singular third-person)
rīk?dī (past singular third-person)
rīk?dīm (first-person past plural)
rīk?dīd (past plural second-person)
rīkēn (plural present third-person)
rīk?dīn (past plural third-person)
rīkē (present singular)
rīkēþ (plural present)
rīkēndī (participle present)
rīk?d (participle past)

Old Frisian: rīkia

Old Saxon: *rīkōn

Middle Low German: rīken

Old Dutch: *rīcon
Middle Dutch: riken
Dutch: rijken (obsolete)

Old High German: rīhhēn

Middle High German: rīchen


lutōn

lutōn (infinitive)
lutōnijas (genitive infinitive)
lutōnijē (dative infinitive)
lutōniju (infinitive instrumental)
lutō (first-person present singular)
lutōdā (first-person past singular)
lutōs (present second-person singular)
lutōdēs (past second-person singular)
lutōdōs (past second-person singular)
lutōþ (present singular third-person)
lutōdē (past singular third-person)
lutōdā (past singular third-person)
lutōm (first-person plural present)
lutōdum (first-person past plural)
lutōþ (plural present second-person)
lutōdud (past plural second-person)
lutōnþ (plural present third-person)
lutōdun (past plural third-person)
lutōdī (first-person past singular)
lutōdī (past second-person singular)
lutō (present singular third-person)
lutōdī (past singular third-person)
lutōdīm (first-person past plural)
lutōdīd (past plural second-person)
lutōn (plural present third-person)
lutōdīn (past plural third-person)
lutō (present singular)
lutōþ (plural present)
lutōndī (participle present)
lutōd (participle past)

Old English: lutian, *lotian

Middle English: lotien, loten

English: lote


lūtēn

lūtēn (infinitive)
lūtēnijas (genitive infinitive)
lūtēnijē (dative infinitive)
lūtēniju (infinitive instrumental)
lūtē (first-person present singular)
lūt?dā (first-person past singular)
lūtēs (present second-person singular)
lūt?dēs (past second-person singular)
lūtēþ (present singular third-person)
lūt?dē (past singular third-person)
lūt?dā (past singular third-person)
lūtēm (first-person plural present)
lūt?dum (first-person past plural)
lūtēþ (plural present second-person)
lūt?dud (past plural second-person)
lūtēnþ (plural present third-person)
lūt?dun (past plural third-person)
lūt?dī (first-person past singular)
lūt?dī (past second-person singular)
lūtē (present singular third-person)
lūt?dī (past singular third-person)
lūt?dīm (first-person past plural)
lūt?dīd (past plural second-person)
lūtēn (plural present third-person)
lūt?dīn (past plural third-person)
lūtē (present singular)
lūtēþ (plural present)
lūtēndī (participle present)
lūt?d (participle past)

Old English: lūtian

Old High German: lūzēn

Middle High German: lūzen

Closely related to the strong verb *lūtan (“to bow down, lout”).


holōn

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

holōn (infinitive)
holōnijas (genitive infinitive)
holōnijē (dative infinitive)
holōniju (infinitive instrumental)
holō (first-person present singular)
holōdā (first-person past singular)
holōs (present second-person singular)
holōdēs (past second-person singular)
holōdōs (past second-person singular)
holōþ (present singular third-person)
holōdē (past singular third-person)
holōdā (past singular third-person)
holōm (first-person plural present)
holōdum (first-person past plural)
holōþ (plural present second-person)
holōdud (past plural second-person)
holōnþ (plural present third-person)
holōdun (past plural third-person)
holōdī (first-person past singular)
holōdī (past second-person singular)
holō (present singular third-person)
holōdī (past singular third-person)
holōdīm (first-person past plural)
holōdīd (past plural second-person)
holōn (plural present third-person)
holōdīn (past plural third-person)
holō (present singular)
holōþ (plural present)
holōndī (participle present)
holōd (participle past)

Old English: *holian

Middle English: holen

Old High German: holōn, (holēn)

Middle High German: holen, holn

Bavarian: hoin

German: holen

Luxembourgish: huelen

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, cry, summon”).


holōn

Old English: holian

Middle English: holen

English: hole

Scots: hole, hoil, hoill

Old Frisian: *holia

Saterland Frisian: höölje, holje

desc

⇒ Saterland Frisian: uuthöölje, uutholje

Old Saxon: *holōn

Middle Low German: hōlen, halen, hȫlen

German Low German: höhlen

⇒ German Low German: uthöhlen

desctree

Old Dutch: *holon
Middle Dutch: holen
Dutch: holen (obsolete), hollen (backformed to the adjective)

Old High German: holōn

Middle High German: holen, holn, höln

German: höhlen

⇒ Old High German: ūzholōn

Middle High German: ūzholen, ūzholn

German: aushöhlen

From Proto-Germanic *hulōną. Equivalent to *hol (“hollow”) + *-ōn.


kankr

kankr (nominative singular)
kankrō (nominative plural)
kankrōs (nominative plural)
kankr (accusative singular)
kankrā (accusative plural)
kankras (genitive singular)
kankrō (genitive plural)
kankrē (dative singular)
kankrum (dative plural)
kankru (instrumental singular)
kankrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: cancer, cancor
Middle English: canker, cancre, cancer, cankre, cankyr, kankir, kanker (partially from Old French cancre)
English: canker
→ Welsh: cancr

Old Frisian: *kanker

West Frisian: kanker

Old Saxon: *kankar

desc

Middle Low German: kanker, canker, cancer, cancher, canser

German Low German: Kanker

Old Dutch: *kankar

Middle Dutch: canker

desctree

Dutch: kanker
Afrikaans: kanker
→ Caribbean Javanese: kangker
→ Indonesian: kanker
→ Minangkabau: kangker
→ Papiamentu: kanker
→ Sranan Tongo: kanker

Old High German: kankur, kancur, kankar

Middle High German: kanker

German: Kanker

Borrowed from Late Latin cancus, from Latin cancer.


kalik

kalik (nominative singular)
kalikō (nominative plural)
kalikōs (nominative plural)
kalik (accusative singular)
kalikā (accusative plural)
kalikas (genitive singular)
kalikō (genitive plural)
kalikē (dative singular)
kalikum (dative plural)
kaliku (instrumental singular)
kalikum (instrumental plural)

desc

Old English: ċæliċ, caliċ, ċeliċ, cælċ, ċelċ

Middle English: calch (displaced by chalis from Old French)

Old Frisian: tzilik, tzelk, tzielk

West Frisian: tsjelk, tsjelke

Old Saxon: kelik

Middle Low German: kelek, kelk, kelik, kellik

German Low German: Kelk

→ Old Norse: kalkr, kalekr

Old Swedish: kalker

Swedish: kalk

Old Dutch: kelik

Middle Dutch: kelch, kēlec, kelc

desctree

Dutch: kelk
Afrikaans: kelk
→ Papiamentu: kèlki, kelki

Old High German: kelih, kelh, kelich
Middle High German: kelich, kelch
Cimbrian: khèlch
German: Kelch
→ English: kelch, Kelch
→ Old Czech: kalich, kelich
Czech: kalich
→ Polish: kielich
→ Belarusian: ке́ліх (kjélix)
→ Ukrainian: ке́лих (kélyx), ке́лех (kélex)
→ Slovak: kalich
→ Slovene: kẹ́lih

Borrowed from Latin calix ~ calicis (“cup, chalice; cooking pot”).


krūcigōn

krūcigōn (infinitive)
krūcigōnijas (genitive infinitive)
krūcigōnijē (dative infinitive)
krūcigōniju (infinitive instrumental)
krūcigō (first-person present singular)
krūcigōdā (first-person past singular)
krūcigōs (present second-person singular)
krūcigōdēs (past second-person singular)
krūcigōdōs (past second-person singular)
krūcigōþ (present singular third-person)
krūcigōdē (past singular third-person)
krūcigōdā (past singular third-person)
krūcigōm (first-person plural present)
krūcigōdum (first-person past plural)
krūcigōþ (plural present second-person)
krūcigōdud (past plural second-person)
krūcigōnþ (plural present third-person)
krūcigōdun (past plural third-person)
krūcigōdī (first-person past singular)
krūcigōdī (past second-person singular)
krūcigō (present singular third-person)
krūcigōdī (past singular third-person)
krūcigōdīm (first-person past plural)
krūcigōdīd (past plural second-person)
krūcigōn (plural present third-person)
krūcigōdīn (past plural third-person)
krūcigō (present singular)
krūcigōþ (plural present)
krūcigōndī (participle present)
krūcigōd (participle past)
*krūcōn (alternative)

Old Frisian: kriūsgia, kriōska

Saterland Frisian: kjuusigje

West Frisian: krusigje

Old Saxon: *krūcigian, *krūcian

desc

Middle Low German: krü̂zigen, krü̂zegen, krü̂zien

German Low German: krüzigen

desctree

Old Dutch: krucigon, *crucon
Middle Dutch: crûcen, *crûcigen
Dutch: kruisigen
Afrikaans: kroesig, krusig
Negerhollands: kroesig, krusig

Old High German: krūzigōn, krūzigēn, krūzōn
Middle High German: kriuzigen, krūzigen, krūzgen, krūtzgen
German: kreuzigen

Borrowed from Latin cruciō (“to crucify”). Equivalent to *krūci (“cross”) + *-ōn.


blōmōn

blōmōn (infinitive)
blōmōnijas (genitive infinitive)
blōmōnijē (dative infinitive)
blōmōniju (infinitive instrumental)
blōmō (first-person present singular)
blōmōdā (first-person past singular)
blōmōs (present second-person singular)
blōmōdēs (past second-person singular)
blōmōdōs (past second-person singular)
blōmōþ (present singular third-person)
blōmōdē (past singular third-person)
blōmōdā (past singular third-person)
blōmōm (first-person plural present)
blōmōdum (first-person past plural)
blōmōþ (plural present second-person)
blōmōdud (past plural second-person)
blōmōnþ (plural present third-person)
blōmōdun (past plural third-person)
blōmōdī (first-person past singular)
blōmōdī (past second-person singular)
blōmō (present singular third-person)
blōmōdī (past singular third-person)
blōmōdīm (first-person past plural)
blōmōdīd (past plural second-person)
blōmōn (plural present third-person)
blōmōdīn (past plural third-person)
blōmō (present singular)
blōmōþ (plural present)
blōmōndī (participle present)
blōmōd (participle past)

Old English: *blōmian

Middle English: blomen

English: bloom

Old Frisian: *blōmia

West Frisian: blomje

Old Saxon: *blōmon

Middle Low German: blōmen, blȫmen

Old Dutch: *blōmon (attested as giblōmid)

Middle Dutch: *bloemen

Dutch: bloemen

Old High German: bluomōn

Middle High German: bluomen

From Proto-Germanic *blōmōną, equivalent to *blōmō (“flower”) + *-ōn.


werkōn

werkōn (infinitive)
werkōnijas (genitive infinitive)
werkōnijē (dative infinitive)
werkōniju (infinitive instrumental)
werkō (first-person present singular)
werkōdā (first-person past singular)
werkōs (present second-person singular)
werkōdēs (past second-person singular)
werkōdōs (past second-person singular)
werkōþ (present singular third-person)
werkōdē (past singular third-person)
werkōdā (past singular third-person)
werkōm (first-person plural present)
werkōdum (first-person past plural)
werkōþ (plural present second-person)
werkōdud (past plural second-person)
werkōnþ (plural present third-person)
werkōdun (past plural third-person)
werkōdī (first-person past singular)
werkōdī (past second-person singular)
werkō (present singular third-person)
werkōdī (past singular third-person)
werkōdīm (first-person past plural)
werkōdīd (past plural second-person)
werkōn (plural present third-person)
werkōdīn (past plural third-person)
werkō (present singular)
werkōþ (plural present)
werkōndī (participle present)
werkōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: werkia

Saterland Frisian: wíerkje

West Frisian: wurkje

Old Saxon: *werkon

Middle Low German: werken

Old Dutch: *werkon

Middle Dutch: werken

Dutch: werken

Old High German: werkōn

Middle High German: werken

German: werken

From Proto-Germanic *werkōną, equivalent to *werk (“work”) + *-ōn.


skōhōn

skōhōn (infinitive)
skōhōnijas (genitive infinitive)
skōhōnijē (dative infinitive)
skōhōniju (infinitive instrumental)
skōhō (first-person present singular)
skōhōdā (first-person past singular)
skōhōs (present second-person singular)
skōhōdēs (past second-person singular)
skōhōdōs (past second-person singular)
skōhōþ (present singular third-person)
skōhōdē (past singular third-person)
skōhōdā (past singular third-person)
skōhōm (first-person plural present)
skōhōdum (first-person past plural)
skōhōþ (plural present second-person)
skōhōdud (past plural second-person)
skōhōnþ (plural present third-person)
skōhōdun (past plural third-person)
skōhōdī (first-person past singular)
skōhōdī (past second-person singular)
skōhō (present singular third-person)
skōhōdī (past singular third-person)
skōhōdīm (first-person past plural)
skōhōdīd (past plural second-person)
skōhōn (plural present third-person)
skōhōdīn (past plural third-person)
skōhō (present singular)
skōhōþ (plural present)
skōhōndī (participle present)
skōhōd (participle past)
*skōgōn (alternative)

desc

Old English: sċōġan, sċeōġan, sċōġean, sċōan

Middle English: shon, shoen

English: shoe

Old Frisian: *skōia

West Frisian: skoaie, skoeie

Old Saxon: *skōhon, *skōgon

Middle Low German: schōien, schōgen

Old Dutch: *skuoion

Middle Dutch: schoeyen, schoeden

Dutch: schoeien

Old High German: skuohōn

Middle High German: schuohen

German: schuhen (dated)

From Proto-Germanic *skōhōną, equivalent to *skōh (“shoe”) + *-ōn.


kōlēn

kōlēn (infinitive)
kōlēnijas (genitive infinitive)
kōlēnijē (dative infinitive)
kōlēniju (infinitive instrumental)
kōlē (first-person present singular)
kōl?dā (first-person past singular)
kōlēs (present second-person singular)
kōl?dēs (past second-person singular)
kōlēþ (present singular third-person)
kōl?dē (past singular third-person)
kōl?dā (past singular third-person)
kōlēm (first-person plural present)
kōl?dum (first-person past plural)
kōlēþ (plural present second-person)
kōl?dud (past plural second-person)
kōlēnþ (plural present third-person)
kōl?dun (past plural third-person)
kōl?dī (first-person past singular)
kōl?dī (past second-person singular)
kōlē (present singular third-person)
kōl?dī (past singular third-person)
kōl?dīm (first-person past plural)
kōl?dīd (past plural second-person)
kōlēn (plural present third-person)
kōl?dīn (past plural third-person)
kōlē (present singular)
kōlēþ (plural present)
kōlēndī (participle present)
kōl?d (participle past)
*kōlōn (alternative)

Old English: cōlian

Middle English: colen

English: cool

Old Frisian: *kōlia

West Frisian: kuolje

Old Saxon: kōlōn

>? Middle Low German: kolen, kůlen (spellings can also represent *kōlijan)

desctree

Old Dutch: *cuolon
Middle Dutch: coelen
Dutch: koelen

Old High German: kuolēn

Middle High German: kuolen

Alemannic German: chuele

Cimbrian: khuulan


blaikēn

blaikēn (infinitive)
blaikēnijas (genitive infinitive)
blaikēnijē (dative infinitive)
blaikēniju (infinitive instrumental)
blaikē (first-person present singular)
blaik?dā (first-person past singular)
blaikēs (present second-person singular)
blaik?dēs (past second-person singular)
blaikēþ (present singular third-person)
blaik?dē (past singular third-person)
blaik?dā (past singular third-person)
blaikēm (first-person plural present)
blaik?dum (first-person past plural)
blaikēþ (plural present second-person)
blaik?dud (past plural second-person)
blaikēnþ (plural present third-person)
blaik?dun (past plural third-person)
blaik?dī (first-person past singular)
blaik?dī (past second-person singular)
blaikē (present singular third-person)
blaik?dī (past singular third-person)
blaik?dīm (first-person past plural)
blaik?dīd (past plural second-person)
blaikēn (plural present third-person)
blaik?dīn (past plural third-person)
blaikē (present singular)
blaikēþ (plural present)
blaikēndī (participle present)
blaik?d (participle past)

Old English: blācian

Middle English: blāken, blōken

English: blake, bloke (obsolete)

Old Frisian: blâkia

Old Saxon: *blēkōn

Middle Low German: blēken, bleiken (merged with *blaikijan)

Low German: bleken

Old Dutch: *blēcon
Middle Dutch: blêcen
Dutch: bleken

Old High German: bleihhēn

Middle High German: bleichen (merged with *blaikijan and *blīkan)

German: bleichen


arcijātārī

arcijātārī (nominative singular)
arcijātārijō (nominative plural)
arcijātārijōs (nominative plural)
arcijātārī (accusative singular)
arcijātārijā (accusative plural)
arcijātārijas (genitive singular)
arcijātārijō (genitive plural)
arcijātārijē (dative singular)
arcijātārijum (dative plural)
arcijātāriju (instrumental singular)
arcijātārijum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *arcātāri

desc

Middle Low German: ersatre, arsseter, arste

Low German: Arzt

→ Estonian: arst

→ Latvian: ārsts

Old Dutch: ercetere

Middle Dutch: ersetere, arseter, arsete, aerste

Dutch: arts

Afrikaans: arts

desctree

Old High German: arzāt, arzātāri
Middle High German: erzetere, arzeder, arzet
Bavarian: Årzt
German: Arzt

Borrowed from Late Latin archīāter + *-ārī.


wīnagard

wīnagard (nominative singular)
wīnagardō (nominative plural)
wīnagardōs (nominative plural)
wīnagard (accusative singular)
wīnagardā (accusative plural)
wīnagardas (genitive singular)
wīnagardō (genitive plural)
wīnagardē (dative singular)
wīnagardum (dative plural)
wīnagardu (instrumental singular)
wīnagardum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wīnġeard
Middle English: vyneȝerd, vyneyerd, vineyarde, vineȝard, vynȝerde, vineȝerd, vyneȝeerd, vyneȝerde, vyneȝard, vyne-ȝarde, vynȝerd, wynȝard, viyn ȝerd, wineyerd, vineyard, vyneȝorde, winȝeard, win ȝard, winyard, winiærd
English: vineyard
Scots: vinyaird

Old Saxon: wīngardo

Middle Low German: wīngarde

Old Dutch: wīngardo

desc

Middle Dutch: wijngaert, wijngaert, wijngart, wijngaerd

Dutch: wijngaard

Old High German: wīngardo

Middle High German: wīngarte

German: Weingarten, Wingert (regional)

From Proto-Germanic *wīnagardaz. Equivalent to *wīn (“wine”) + *gard (“enclosure”).


fenukl

fenukl (nominative singular)
fenukklō (nominative plural)
fenukklōs (nominative plural)
fenukl (accusative singular)
fenukklā (accusative plural)
fenukklas (genitive singular)
fenukklō (genitive plural)
fenukklē (dative singular)
fenukklum (dative plural)
fenukklu (instrumental singular)
fenukklum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: finol, finugl, finul m, finule, finugle f
Middle English: fenel, fenele, fenyl, fenell, fenelle, finelle, vinel (Late Middle English)
English: fennel
Scots: fennel

Old Saxon: fenucal, fenecal, fenikel

desc

Middle Low German: fennikôl, vennikol, vennekol, vennekel, venkol, venkel, venekol, vennickel

German Low German: Fenkel, Fenkol

→ Danish: fennikel

→ Old Swedish: faznikal, fenekol

Swedish: fänkål

→ Estonian: fenkol

→ Finnish: fenkoli

Old Dutch: *fenikal

Middle Dutch: venkel, vênekel, vinkel

Dutch: venkel
Afrikaans: vinkel

desctree

→ Middle English: fenkel, fenecel, fenkele, fenicle, fenkylle, fenkell, fynkyll, fynkall
Scots: finkle

desc

Old High German: fenihhal, fenichal, fenuhhal, fenuchal

Middle High German: fenichel, fenchel, fenechel, venichel, venchel, venechel

German: Fenchel

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin *fēnuclum, from Latin fēnuculum.


fīru

fīru (nominative singular)
fīrō (nominative plural)
fīrā (accusative singular)
fīrā (accusative plural)
fīrā (genitive singular)
fīrō (genitive plural)
fīrē (dative singular)
fīrōm (dative plural)
fīrum (dative plural)
fīru (instrumental singular)
fīrōm (instrumental plural)
fīrum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: fīre

Old Saxon: fīra

Middle Low German: vîr

German Low German: Fier

→ Swedish: fira

Old Dutch: *fīra

Middle Dutch: viere

Old High German: fīra, fīrra, fiera

Middle High German: vīre, virre, vīere, vīer, fīre, firre, fīere, fīer

German: Feier


fogāt

fogāt (nominative singular)
fogātō (nominative plural)
fogātōs (nominative plural)
fogāt (accusative singular)
fogātā (accusative plural)
fogātas (genitive singular)
fogātō (genitive plural)
fogātē (dative singular)
fogātum (dative plural)
fogātu (instrumental singular)
fogātum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: fogid, foged, fogeth, foud

West Frisian: fad

North Frisian: vaget, voget, fagt

Old Saxon: fogat

Middle Low German: vôget, voget, vöget, vogt, vocht, vâget, vaget, vagt, voyt, voit, voyet

German Low German: Fuaget

→ Old Norse: fogutr, fogutr

Danish: foged

Icelandic: foguti

Norwegian: fogd

Old Swedish: fohgdhe, foghate, foghat, foghadhe, foghote

Swedish: fogde

→ Finnish: vouti

Old Dutch: *fogat

Middle Dutch: vôget, voocht

Dutch: voogd
Afrikaans: voog

→? Middle English: vokett, voket, vokat

Old High German: fogat, fogāt

Middle High German: voget, foget, vogt, fogt, vougt, fougt, voit, foit, vout, fout

German: Vogt
→ English: Vogt


karkārī

karkārī (nominative singular)
karkārijō (nominative plural)
karkārijōs (nominative plural)
karkārī (accusative singular)
karkārijā (accusative plural)
karkārijas (genitive singular)
karkārijō (genitive plural)
karkārijē (dative singular)
karkārijum (dative plural)
karkāriju (instrumental singular)
karkārijum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: karkari

Middle Low German: kerker

Old Dutch: *karkari

Middle Dutch: carker, caerker, kerker

Dutch: kerker

Old High German: karkāri, karkari

Middle High German: karkäre, karkāre, kerkäre, karker, kerker, karkel

German: Kerker

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin *carcārius, syncopated from Latin carcerārius, from carcer. Parallel borrowing with Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰 (karkara).


kulljandr

kulljandr (nominative singular)
kulljandru (nominative plural)
kulljandr (accusative singular)
kulljandru (accusative plural)
kulljandras (genitive singular)
kulljandrō (genitive plural)
kulljandrē (dative singular)
kulljandrum (dative plural)
kulljandru (instrumental singular)
kulljandrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: cœlender n, cœlendre, cellendre, cylendre, coliandre f

desctree

Middle English: coriandre, cellendre, coliandre, coliaundre, colliander, colyandre, colyaundre, coriaunder, coryandry, coryaundre
English: coriander
Scots: corrydander

Old Saxon: kullundar

desc

Middle Low German: kaliander, koriander, kaliander, koreander, coriander, cariander, coliander, colander, caliander

>? Old Dutch: *kullandar, *koriander

Middle Dutch: coliander, caliander, coreade, coriander, koriander (perhaps only from Old French)

Dutch: koriander

→ West Frisian: koriander

Old High German: kullantar, koriander m

Middle High German: kullander, kolander, koliander, koriander

German: Koriander

→ Hungarian: koriander

Luxembourgish: Koriander

Borrowed from Medieval Latin coliandrum, *coliandra, and later reenforced by Latin coriandrum and Old French coriandre.


þewanōn

þewanōn (infinitive)
þewanōnijas (genitive infinitive)
þewanōnijē (dative infinitive)
þewanōniju (infinitive instrumental)
þewanō (first-person present singular)
þewanōdā (first-person past singular)
þewanōs (present second-person singular)
þewanōdēs (past second-person singular)
þewanōdōs (past second-person singular)
þewanōþ (present singular third-person)
þewanōdē (past singular third-person)
þewanōdā (past singular third-person)
þewanōm (first-person plural present)
þewanōdum (first-person past plural)
þewanōþ (plural present second-person)
þewanōdud (past plural second-person)
þewanōnþ (plural present third-person)
þewanōdun (past plural third-person)
þewanōdī (first-person past singular)
þewanōdī (past second-person singular)
þewanō (present singular third-person)
þewanōdī (past singular third-person)
þewanōdīm (first-person past plural)
þewanōdīd (past plural second-person)
þewanōn (plural present third-person)
þewanōdīn (past plural third-person)
þewanō (present singular)
þewanōþ (plural present)
þewanōndī (participle present)
þewanōd (participle past)

Old English: þegnian, þēnian

Old Frisian: thiānia

desctree

Old Saxon: thionōn
Middle Low German: dēnen
Low German: dienen, denen
→ Old Norse: þéna

Old Dutch: thionon, thienon
Middle Dutch: dienen
Dutch: dienen, duinen (dialectal)
Afrikaans: dien
Negerhollands: dien
→ Saramaccan: díni
→ Sranan Tongo: dini
→ Kari'na: tinima
Limburgish: dene

Old High German: dionōn, thionōn — Upper Franconian
Middle High German: dienen
Cimbrian: diinan
German: dienen
Luxembourgish: déngen
Vilamovian: dinn
Yiddish: דינען (dinen)


ebnōn

ebnōn (infinitive)
ebnōnijas (genitive infinitive)
ebnōnijē (dative infinitive)
ebnōniju (infinitive instrumental)
ebnō (first-person present singular)
ebnōdā (first-person past singular)
ebnōs (present second-person singular)
ebnōdēs (past second-person singular)
ebnōdōs (past second-person singular)
ebnōþ (present singular third-person)
ebnōdē (past singular third-person)
ebnōdā (past singular third-person)
ebnōm (first-person plural present)
ebnōdum (first-person past plural)
ebnōþ (plural present second-person)
ebnōdud (past plural second-person)
ebnōnþ (plural present third-person)
ebnōdun (past plural third-person)
ebnōdī (first-person past singular)
ebnōdī (past second-person singular)
ebnō (present singular third-person)
ebnōdī (past singular third-person)
ebnōdīm (first-person past plural)
ebnōdīd (past plural second-person)
ebnōn (plural present third-person)
ebnōdīn (past plural third-person)
ebnō (present singular)
ebnōþ (plural present)
ebnōndī (participle present)
ebnōd (participle past)

Old English: efnian

Middle English: evenen

English: even

Old Frisian: evenia

Old Saxon: *evanon, *effanon

Middle Low German: ēvenen, effenen

Old Dutch: *effanon

Middle Dutch: effenen

Dutch: effenen

Old High German: ebanōn

Middle High German: ebenen

German: ebnen

From Proto-Germanic *ebnōną, equivalent to *ebn (“even”) + *-ōn.


mandalā

mandalā (nominative singular)
mandalōn (nominative plural)
mandalōn (accusative singular)
mandalōn (accusative plural)
mandalōn (genitive singular)
mandalōnō (genitive plural)
mandalōn (dative singular)
mandalōm (dative plural)
mandalum (dative plural)
mandalōn (instrumental singular)
mandalōm (instrumental plural)
mandalum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: mandala

Middle Low German: mandel, mandele

German Low German: Mandel

Old Dutch: *mandala

q

contaminated by Old French <i class="Latn mention" lang="fro">amandele</i>

Middle Dutch: mandel, amandel, amander, amandre (contaminated by Old French amandele)

desctree

Dutch: amandel
Afrikaans: amandel
→ Kari'na: mantala
→ Indonesian: amandel
→ Papiamentu: amandel
→ Sranan Tongo: amandra
→ Caribbean Javanese: mandrah

Old High German: mandala
German: Mandel
→ Faroese: mandla
→ Icelandic: mandla
→ Kashubian: mandla
→ Romansch: mandel
→ Swedish: mandel
Yiddish: מאַנדל (mandl)

Borrowed from Late Latin amandula, amendula, amandola, from Latin amygdala.


maistar

maistar (nominative singular)
maistarō (nominative plural)
maistarōs (nominative plural)
maistar (accusative singular)
maistarā (accusative plural)
maistaras (genitive singular)
maistarō (genitive plural)
maistarē (dative singular)
maistarum (dative plural)
maistaru (instrumental singular)
maistarum (instrumental plural)

Old English: mǣġester, magister, māġister, mæġster, mǣster
Middle English: maister, maistre, mayster, maystr, maistir (reinforced by Old French maistre)
English: master (see there for further descendants)
English: mister (see there for further descendants)
Scots: maister

Old Frisian: māster, mēster, māstere, mēstere
Saterland Frisian: Mäster
West Frisian: master

Old Saxon: mēstar

desc

Middle Low German: mēster, mēister, meister, meyster, maister

→ Old Norse: meistari

Icelandic: meistari

Faroese: meistari

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: mester

Norwegian Nynorsk: meister

Danish: mester

Old Swedish: mæstare, mæster

Swedish: mästare
→ Finnish: mestari

Old Dutch: *mēster

desctree

Middle Dutch: mêester
Dutch: meester (see there for further descendants)
Limburgish: meister

Old High German: meistar

Middle High German: meister

German: Meister (see there for further descendants)

Yiddish: מײַסטער (mayster)

→ Old Czech: mistř, mistr, místr

Czech: mistr

→ Polish: mistrz

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin *maester, from Latin magister (“teacher”).


offrōn

offrōn (infinitive)
offrōnijas (genitive infinitive)
offrōnijē (dative infinitive)
offrōniju (infinitive instrumental)
offrō (first-person present singular)
offrōdā (first-person past singular)
offrōs (present second-person singular)
offrōdēs (past second-person singular)
offrōdōs (past second-person singular)
offrōþ (present singular third-person)
offrōdē (past singular third-person)
offrōdā (past singular third-person)
offrōm (first-person plural present)
offrōdum (first-person past plural)
offrōþ (plural present second-person)
offrōdud (past plural second-person)
offrōnþ (plural present third-person)
offrōdun (past plural third-person)
offrōdī (first-person past singular)
offrōdī (past second-person singular)
offrō (present singular third-person)
offrōdī (past singular third-person)
offrōdīm (first-person past plural)
offrōdīd (past plural second-person)
offrōn (plural present third-person)
offrōdīn (past plural third-person)
offrō (present singular)
offrōþ (plural present)
offrōndī (participle present)
offrōd (participle past)

Old English: offrian, ofrian
Middle English: offren (reenforced by Old French ofrir)
English: offer

Old Frisian: offeria, offaria, offria

Saterland Frisian: offerje

West Frisian: offerje

Old Saxon: offrōn, offran

desc

Middle Low German: offeren, offern, opfern

German Low German: offern

Old Dutch: offeron

Middle Dutch: offeren, offren

Dutch: offeren

Old High German: opfarōn, offarōn, opharōn, opherōn

Middle High German: opferen, opfern, opfren, oppern, obfern

German: opfern

Borrowed from Latin offerō. Equivalent to *offr (“sacrifice, offering”) + *-ōn.


palancijā

palancijā (nominative singular)
palancijōn (nominative plural)
palancijōn (accusative singular)
palancijōn (accusative plural)
palancijōn (genitive singular)
palancijōnō (genitive plural)
palancijōn (dative singular)
palancijōm (dative plural)
palancijum (dative plural)
palancijōn (instrumental singular)
palancijōm (instrumental plural)
palancijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: palendse, palentse, pallente f, palente m

Old Frisian: palense

Middle Low German: palanz, palant, palent

Old Saxon: palencea

Old High German: pfalinza, pfalanza, falenza, phalanza, phalaza, phalinza

Middle High German: pfalenze, phalenze, phalze, phalz, pfalinze, pfalnze, phalenze, pfelinze, palinze, pelinze

German: Pfalz

From Late Latin palantia, from Latin palātium.


ībisku

ībisku (nominative singular)
ībiskō (nominative plural)
ībiskā (accusative singular)
ībiskā (accusative plural)
ībiskā (genitive singular)
ībiskō (genitive plural)
ībiskē (dative singular)
ībiskōm (dative plural)
ībiskum (dative plural)
ībisku (instrumental singular)
ībiskōm (instrumental plural)
ībiskum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: īviska

Middle Low German: êbesse, ebesse, êbisse, êbizze, ebizze

Old High German: ībiska, ībisca, īwiska

Middle High German: ībesche, ībesch

German: Eibisch

Borrowed from Late Latin ibīscum, hībiscum.


sigilōn

sigilōn (infinitive)
sigilōnijas (genitive infinitive)
sigilōnijē (dative infinitive)
sigilōniju (infinitive instrumental)
sigilō (first-person present singular)
sigilōdā (first-person past singular)
sigilōs (present second-person singular)
sigilōdēs (past second-person singular)
sigilōdōs (past second-person singular)
sigilōþ (present singular third-person)
sigilōdē (past singular third-person)
sigilōdā (past singular third-person)
sigilōm (first-person plural present)
sigilōdum (first-person past plural)
sigilōþ (plural present second-person)
sigilōdud (past plural second-person)
sigilōnþ (plural present third-person)
sigilōdun (past plural third-person)
sigilōdī (first-person past singular)
sigilōdī (past second-person singular)
sigilō (present singular third-person)
sigilōdī (past singular third-person)
sigilōdīm (first-person past plural)
sigilōdīd (past plural second-person)
sigilōn (plural present third-person)
sigilōdīn (past plural third-person)
sigilō (present singular)
sigilōþ (plural present)
sigilōndī (participle present)
sigilōd (participle past)

Old English: *seġlian

Middle English: selen (contaminated by Old French)

English: seal

⇒ Old English: unseġlian

Middle English: unselen

English: unseal

Old Frisian: siglia, siselia, sigilia

Old Saxon: siglian

Middle Low German: sêgelen, siegelen

Old Dutch: *sigilon

Middle Dutch: segelen

Dutch: zegelen

Old High German: *sigilōn, sigilen

Middle Low German: sigelen

German: siegeln

Borrowed from Latin sigillō (“to seal”). Parallel borrowing with Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (sigljan).

besêgelen

Old Saxon: *bisiglian; Middle Low German

besiegeln

Middle High German: besigelen, bisigeln, besigeln

enseal

Middle English: enselen, inselen (contaminated by Old French)

insêgelen

Old Saxon: *insiglian; Middle Low German


naudigōn

naudigōn (infinitive)
naudigōnijas (genitive infinitive)
naudigōnijē (dative infinitive)
naudigōniju (infinitive instrumental)
naudigō (first-person present singular)
naudigōdā (first-person past singular)
naudigōs (present second-person singular)
naudigōdēs (past second-person singular)
naudigōdōs (past second-person singular)
naudigōþ (present singular third-person)
naudigōdē (past singular third-person)
naudigōdā (past singular third-person)
naudigōm (first-person plural present)
naudigōdum (first-person past plural)
naudigōþ (plural present second-person)
naudigōdud (past plural second-person)
naudigōnþ (plural present third-person)
naudigōdun (past plural third-person)
naudigōdī (first-person past singular)
naudigōdī (past second-person singular)
naudigō (present singular third-person)
naudigōdī (past singular third-person)
naudigōdīm (first-person past plural)
naudigōdīd (past plural second-person)
naudigōn (plural present third-person)
naudigōdīn (past plural third-person)
naudigō (present singular)
naudigōþ (plural present)
naudigōndī (participle present)
naudigōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: nêdigia

West Frisian: noadzje, noegje, needzje

Old Saxon: *nōdigon

Middle Low German: nōdigen, nȫdigen

desctree

Old Dutch: *nōdigon
Middle Dutch: nôdigen
Dutch: nodigen (rare)
⇒ Dutch: uitnodigen

desc

Old High German: nōtagōn, nōtīgōn, nōtigōn

Middle High German: nōtigen

German: nötigen

From Proto-Germanic *naudigōną. Equivalent to *naudig (“wanted, needed”) + *-ōn.


skarbōn

skarbōn (infinitive)
skarbōnijas (genitive infinitive)
skarbōnijē (dative infinitive)
skarbōniju (infinitive instrumental)
skarbō (first-person present singular)
skarbōdā (first-person past singular)
skarbōs (present second-person singular)
skarbōdēs (past second-person singular)
skarbōdōs (past second-person singular)
skarbōþ (present singular third-person)
skarbōdē (past singular third-person)
skarbōdā (past singular third-person)
skarbōm (first-person plural present)
skarbōdum (first-person past plural)
skarbōþ (plural present second-person)
skarbōdud (past plural second-person)
skarbōnþ (plural present third-person)
skarbōdun (past plural third-person)
skarbōdī (first-person past singular)
skarbōdī (past second-person singular)
skarbō (present singular third-person)
skarbōdī (past singular third-person)
skarbōdīm (first-person past plural)
skarbōdīd (past plural second-person)
skarbōn (plural present third-person)
skarbōdīn (past plural third-person)
skarbō (present singular)
skarbōþ (plural present)
skarbōndī (participle present)
skarbōd (participle past)

Old English: scearfian

Old Saxon: *skarvōn

Middle Low German: scharven

Old Dutch: *skarvon

Middle Dutch: scherven, scharven

Old High German: skarbōn

Middle High German: scharben


skapōn

skapōn (infinitive)
skapōnijas (genitive infinitive)
skapōnijē (dative infinitive)
skapōniju (infinitive instrumental)
skapō (first-person present singular)
skapōdā (first-person past singular)
skapōs (present second-person singular)
skapōdēs (past second-person singular)
skapōdōs (past second-person singular)
skapōþ (present singular third-person)
skapōdē (past singular third-person)
skapōdā (past singular third-person)
skapōm (first-person plural present)
skapōdum (first-person past plural)
skapōþ (plural present second-person)
skapōdud (past plural second-person)
skapōnþ (plural present third-person)
skapōdun (past plural third-person)
skapōdī (first-person past singular)
skapōdī (past second-person singular)
skapō (present singular third-person)
skapōdī (past singular third-person)
skapōdīm (first-person past plural)
skapōdīd (past plural second-person)
skapōn (plural present third-person)
skapōdīn (past plural third-person)
skapō (present singular)
skapōþ (plural present)
skapōndī (participle present)
skapōd (participle past)

Old English: *skapian

Middle English: schapen

English: shape

Old Saxon: *skapōn

Middle Low German: schapen

Low German: schapen

Old Dutch: skapon

Middle Dutch: schapen

Dutch: schapen

Old High German: skaffōn

Middle High German: schaffen

German: schaffen

→ Low German: schaffen

→ Dutch: schaffen

→ Saterland Frisian: skafje, schafje

→ Danish: skaffe

→ Faroese: skaffa

→ Swedish: skaffa

From Proto-Germanic *skapōną, equivalent to *skap (“shape”) + *-ōn.


skimōn

skimōn (infinitive)
skimōnijas (genitive infinitive)
skimōnijē (dative infinitive)
skimōniju (infinitive instrumental)
skimō (first-person present singular)
skimōdā (first-person past singular)
skimōs (present second-person singular)
skimōdēs (past second-person singular)
skimōdōs (past second-person singular)
skimōþ (present singular third-person)
skimōdē (past singular third-person)
skimōdā (past singular third-person)
skimōm (first-person plural present)
skimōdum (first-person past plural)
skimōþ (plural present second-person)
skimōdud (past plural second-person)
skimōnþ (plural present third-person)
skimōdun (past plural third-person)
skimōdī (first-person past singular)
skimōdī (past second-person singular)
skimō (present singular third-person)
skimōdī (past singular third-person)
skimōdīm (first-person past plural)
skimōdīd (past plural second-person)
skimōn (plural present third-person)
skimōdīn (past plural third-person)
skimō (present singular)
skimōþ (plural present)
skimōndī (participle present)
skimōd (participle past)

Old English: scimian

Old Saxon: *skimōn

Middle Low German: schēmen

Old Dutch: *skimon

Middle Dutch: schēmen

Old High German: *skimōn

Middle High German: schimen, schimmen

From Proto-Germanic *skimōną, equivalent to *skimō (“gleam, shadow”) + *-ōn.


skim(m)rōn

skimrōn (canonical)
skimrōn (infinitive)
skimmrōn (infinitive)
skimrōnijas (genitive infinitive)
skimmrōnijas (genitive infinitive)
skimrōnijē (dative infinitive)
skimmrōnijē (dative infinitive)
skimrōniju (infinitive instrumental)
skimmrōniju (infinitive instrumental)
skimrō (first-person present singular)
skimmrō (first-person present singular)
skimrōdā (first-person past singular)
skimmrōdā (first-person past singular)
skimrōs (present second-person singular)
skimmrōs (present second-person singular)
skimrōdēs (past second-person singular)
skimmrōdēs (past second-person singular)
skimrōdōs (past second-person singular)
skimmrōdōs (past second-person singular)
skimrōþ (present singular third-person)
skimmrōþ (present singular third-person)
skimrōdē (past singular third-person)
skimmrōdē (past singular third-person)
skimrōdā (past singular third-person)
skimmrōdā (past singular third-person)
skimrōm (first-person plural present)
skimmrōm (first-person plural present)
skimrōdum (first-person past plural)
skimmrōdum (first-person past plural)
skimrōþ (plural present second-person)
skimmrōþ (plural present second-person)
skimrōdud (past plural second-person)
skimmrōdud (past plural second-person)
skimrōnþ (plural present third-person)
skimmrōnþ (plural present third-person)
skimrōdun (past plural third-person)
skimmrōdun (past plural third-person)
skimrōdī (first-person past singular)
skimmrōdī (first-person past singular)
skimrōdī (past second-person singular)
skimmrōdī (past second-person singular)
skimrō (present singular third-person)
skimmrō (present singular third-person)
skimrōdī (past singular third-person)
skimmrōdī (past singular third-person)
skimrōdīm (first-person past plural)
skimmrōdīm (first-person past plural)
skimrōdīd (past plural second-person)
skimmrōdīd (past plural second-person)
skimrōn (plural present third-person)
skimmrōn (plural present third-person)
skimrōdīn (past plural third-person)
skimmrōdīn (past plural third-person)
skimrō (present singular)
skimmrō (present singular)
skimrōþ (plural present)
skimmrōþ (plural present)
skimrōndī (participle present)
skimmrōndī (participle present)
skimrōd (participle past)
skimmrōd (participle past)

Old English: scimrian, scymrian, scimerian

English: shimmeren, shimeren

English: shimmer

Old Frisian: *skimria

West Frisian: skimerje

Old Saxon: *skimarōn

Middle Low German: schēmeren

Old Dutch: *skimaron

Middle Dutch: schēmeren

Dutch: schemeren

Old High German: *skimmarōn

Middle High German: schimmeren

German: schimmern

From *skimōn (“to gleam, give shadow”) + *-rōn.


banōn

banōn (infinitive)
banōnijas (genitive infinitive)
banōnijē (dative infinitive)
banōniju (infinitive instrumental)
banō (first-person present singular)
banōdā (first-person past singular)
banōs (present second-person singular)
banōdēs (past second-person singular)
banōdōs (past second-person singular)
banōþ (present singular third-person)
banōdē (past singular third-person)
banōdā (past singular third-person)
banōm (first-person plural present)
banōdum (first-person past plural)
banōþ (plural present second-person)
banōdud (past plural second-person)
banōnþ (plural present third-person)
banōdun (past plural third-person)
banōdī (first-person past singular)
banōdī (past second-person singular)
banō (present singular third-person)
banōdī (past singular third-person)
banōdīm (first-person past plural)
banōdīd (past plural second-person)
banōn (plural present third-person)
banōdīn (past plural third-person)
banō (present singular)
banōþ (plural present)
banōndī (participle present)
banōd (participle past)

Old English: *banian

Middle English: banen

English: bane

Old Frisian: bania

Old High German: banōn

From Proto-Germanic *banōną, equivalent to *banō (“murderer, killer, death”) + *-ōn.


banōn

Old Saxon: *banōn

Middle Low German: bānen

Old Dutch: *banon

Middle Dutch: bānen

Dutch: banen

Old High German: *banōn

Middle High German: banen

German: bahnen

From *banu (“a clearing, a path”) + *-ōn.


fullōn

fullōn (infinitive)
fullōnijas (genitive infinitive)
fullōnijē (dative infinitive)
fullōniju (infinitive instrumental)
fullō (first-person present singular)
fullōdā (first-person past singular)
fullōs (present second-person singular)
fullōdēs (past second-person singular)
fullōdōs (past second-person singular)
fullōþ (present singular third-person)
fullōdē (past singular third-person)
fullōdā (past singular third-person)
fullōm (first-person plural present)
fullōdum (first-person past plural)
fullōþ (plural present second-person)
fullōdud (past plural second-person)
fullōnþ (plural present third-person)
fullōdun (past plural third-person)
fullōdī (first-person past singular)
fullōdī (past second-person singular)
fullō (present singular third-person)
fullōdī (past singular third-person)
fullōdīm (first-person past plural)
fullōdīd (past plural second-person)
fullōn (plural present third-person)
fullōdīn (past plural third-person)
fullō (present singular)
fullōþ (plural present)
fullōndī (participle present)
fullōd (participle past)

Old English: fullian

Middle English: fullen

Old Frisian: fullia

Old Saxon: fullōn

Old High German: follōn

Middle High German: follen

From Proto-Germanic *fullōną. Equivalent to *full (“full”) + *-ōn.


raibōn

raibōn (infinitive)
raibōnijas (genitive infinitive)
raibōnijē (dative infinitive)
raibōniju (infinitive instrumental)
raibō (first-person present singular)
raibōdā (first-person past singular)
raibōs (present second-person singular)
raibōdēs (past second-person singular)
raibōdōs (past second-person singular)
raibōþ (present singular third-person)
raibōdē (past singular third-person)
raibōdā (past singular third-person)
raibōm (first-person plural present)
raibōdum (first-person past plural)
raibōþ (plural present second-person)
raibōdud (past plural second-person)
raibōnþ (plural present third-person)
raibōdun (past plural third-person)
raibōdī (first-person past singular)
raibōdī (past second-person singular)
raibō (present singular third-person)
raibōdī (past singular third-person)
raibōdīm (first-person past plural)
raibōdīd (past plural second-person)
raibōn (plural present third-person)
raibōdīn (past plural third-person)
raibō (present singular)
raibōþ (plural present)
raibōndī (participle present)
raibōd (participle past)

Old English: *rāfian

⇒ Old English: ārāfian

>? Old High German: reibōn (to repair)


sainōn

sainōn (infinitive)
sainōnijas (genitive infinitive)
sainōnijē (dative infinitive)
sainōniju (infinitive instrumental)
sainō (first-person present singular)
sainōdā (first-person past singular)
sainōs (present second-person singular)
sainōdēs (past second-person singular)
sainōdōs (past second-person singular)
sainōþ (present singular third-person)
sainōdē (past singular third-person)
sainōdā (past singular third-person)
sainōm (first-person plural present)
sainōdum (first-person past plural)
sainōþ (plural present second-person)
sainōdud (past plural second-person)
sainōnþ (plural present third-person)
sainōdun (past plural third-person)
sainōdī (first-person past singular)
sainōdī (past second-person singular)
sainō (present singular third-person)
sainōdī (past singular third-person)
sainōdīm (first-person past plural)
sainōdīd (past plural second-person)
sainōn (plural present third-person)
sainōdīn (past plural third-person)
sainō (present singular)
sainōþ (plural present)
sainōndī (participle present)
sainōd (participle past)

Old English: sānian

Old High German: *sainōn

Middle High German: seinen

From Proto-Germanic *sainōną. Equivalent to *sain (“slow, slack”) + *-ōn.


askalauk

askalauk (nominative singular)
askalaukō (nominative plural)
askalaukōs (nominative plural)
askalauk (accusative singular)
askalaukā (accusative plural)
askalaukas (genitive singular)
askalaukō (genitive plural)
askalaukē (dative singular)
askalaukum (dative plural)
askalauku (instrumental singular)
askalaukum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: asklōk

Middle Low German: anslôk, aschlôk

Old Dutch: *asklōk

Middle Dutch: *aschlook

Dutch: eslook

Old High German: asklouh, asclouh

desc

Middle High German: aschlouch, anschlouk

German: Aschlauch, Eschlauch (archaic)

Thought to be from *askā (“ash”) + *lauk (“leek”), a corruption of Late Latin escalōnia, ellipsis of Latin Ascalōnia (cēpa) (“(onion) of Ashkelon”).


kaukulārī

kaukulārī (nominative singular)
kaukulārijō (nominative plural)
kaukulārijōs (nominative plural)
kaukulārī (accusative singular)
kaukulārijā (accusative plural)
kaukulārijas (genitive singular)
kaukulārijō (genitive plural)
kaukulārijē (dative singular)
kaukulārijum (dative plural)
kaukulāriju (instrumental singular)
kaukulārijum (instrumental plural)
*gaukulārī (alternative)
*gaugulārī (alternative)

desctree

Old English: ġēogolere, ġēogulere, ġēoglere
Middle English: ioglar, jogeler (partly)
English: juggler

desc

Old Saxon: kōkilāri, kākilari, kaklereri

Middle Low German: kö̂chelære, kö̂cheler, kochelere, kö̂kelēr, kö̂kelēre, kögeler, kêgeler, kâkeler, kakeler

German Low German: Köckler, Kockeler, Köckeler

→ Old Norse: koklari, kuklari

Old Dutch: *gokalari, *gogalari

Middle Dutch: gokelare, gogelare, gukelare

Dutch: goochelaar, gookelaar, gokeler (dialectal)

Old High German: gougalāri, goukalāri

Middle High German: goukeläre, gougeläre

German: Gaukler

Borrowed from Late Latin caucleārius (“sorcerer”), from Latin cauculus, caculus (“servant”). Convoluted with Latin ioculārius (“jester”).


kwakōn

kwakōn (infinitive)
kwakōnijas (genitive infinitive)
kwakōnijē (dative infinitive)
kwakōniju (infinitive instrumental)
kwakō (first-person present singular)
kwakōdā (first-person past singular)
kwakōs (present second-person singular)
kwakōdēs (past second-person singular)
kwakōdōs (past second-person singular)
kwakōþ (present singular third-person)
kwakōdē (past singular third-person)
kwakōdā (past singular third-person)
kwakōm (first-person plural present)
kwakōdum (first-person past plural)
kwakōþ (plural present second-person)
kwakōdud (past plural second-person)
kwakōnþ (plural present third-person)
kwakōdun (past plural third-person)
kwakōdī (first-person past singular)
kwakōdī (past second-person singular)
kwakō (present singular third-person)
kwakōdī (past singular third-person)
kwakōdīm (first-person past plural)
kwakōdīd (past plural second-person)
kwakōn (plural present third-person)
kwakōdīn (past plural third-person)
kwakō (present singular)
kwakōþ (plural present)
kwakōndī (participle present)
kwakōd (participle past)
*kwakkōn (alternative)

Old English: *cwacian, *cwæcian

gl

merged with Middle Dutch <i class="Latn mention" lang="dum">quacken</i>

Middle English: *quacken, queken (merged with Middle Dutch quacken)

English: quack

Old Frisian: *quakia

West Frisian: kweakje, kwaakje

Saterland Frisian: kwaokje, kwaakje

desc

Old Saxon: *kwakōn, *kwakkōn, *quakōn, *quakkōn

Middle Low German: quāken, quacken

German Low German: quarken

→ German: quaken, quacken

Old Dutch: *quakon, *quakkon

Middle Dutch: quaken, quakken

Dutch: kwaken, kwakken, kwekken


fāgōn

fāgōn (infinitive)
fāgōnijas (genitive infinitive)
fāgōnijē (dative infinitive)
fāgōniju (infinitive instrumental)
fāgō (first-person present singular)
fāgōdā (first-person past singular)
fāgōs (present second-person singular)
fāgōdēs (past second-person singular)
fāgōdōs (past second-person singular)
fāgōþ (present singular third-person)
fāgōdē (past singular third-person)
fāgōdā (past singular third-person)
fāgōm (first-person plural present)
fāgōdum (first-person past plural)
fāgōþ (plural present second-person)
fāgōdud (past plural second-person)
fāgōnþ (plural present third-person)
fāgōdun (past plural third-person)
fāgōdī (first-person past singular)
fāgōdī (past second-person singular)
fāgō (present singular third-person)
fāgōdī (past singular third-person)
fāgōdīm (first-person past plural)
fāgōdīd (past plural second-person)
fāgōn (plural present third-person)
fāgōdīn (past plural third-person)
fāgō (present singular)
fāgōþ (plural present)
fāgōndī (participle present)
fāgōd (participle past)
*fegōn (alternative)

Old Frisian: fēgia

West Frisian: feie, fege

Old Saxon: *fāgōn

Middle Low German: vāgen

Old Dutch: *fāgon

Middle Dutch: vâgen

Dutch: vagen


fegōn

fegōn (infinitive)
fegōnijas (genitive infinitive)
fegōnijē (dative infinitive)
fegōniju (infinitive instrumental)
fegō (first-person present singular)
fegōdā (first-person past singular)
fegōs (present second-person singular)
fegōdēs (past second-person singular)
fegōdōs (past second-person singular)
fegōþ (present singular third-person)
fegōdē (past singular third-person)
fegōdā (past singular third-person)
fegōm (first-person plural present)
fegōdum (first-person past plural)
fegōþ (plural present second-person)
fegōdud (past plural second-person)
fegōnþ (plural present third-person)
fegōdun (past plural third-person)
fegōdī (first-person past singular)
fegōdī (past second-person singular)
fegō (present singular third-person)
fegōdī (past singular third-person)
fegōdīm (first-person past plural)
fegōdīd (past plural second-person)
fegōn (plural present third-person)
fegōdīn (past plural third-person)
fegō (present singular)
fegōþ (plural present)
fegōndī (participle present)
fegōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: fegōn

Middle Low German: vēgen

German Low German: fegen

→ English: feague, feak

⇒ English: fake

→ Saterland Frisian: feegje

→ Danish: feje

→ Swedish: feja

desctree

Old Dutch: *fegon
Middle Dutch: vēgen
Dutch: vegen
Berbice Creole Dutch: fegi
Jersey Dutch: vêxe
Negerhollands: feeg, veeg, fig, fik
Petjo: vegen
→ Aukan: figi
→ West Frisian: fege, feie
→ Sranan Tongo: figi, fegi, figifigi
→ Saramaccan: féki

Old High German: fegōn

Middle High German: vegen

German: fegen

An ablaut variant of Proto-West Germanic *fāgōn, could go back to a hypothetical Proto-Germanic *fegōną, but is only attested in West-Germanic.


klibrōn

klibrōn (infinitive)
klibrōnijas (genitive infinitive)
klibrōnijē (dative infinitive)
klibrōniju (infinitive instrumental)
klibrō (first-person present singular)
klibrōdā (first-person past singular)
klibrōs (present second-person singular)
klibrōdēs (past second-person singular)
klibrōdōs (past second-person singular)
klibrōþ (present singular third-person)
klibrōdē (past singular third-person)
klibrōdā (past singular third-person)
klibrōm (first-person plural present)
klibrōdum (first-person past plural)
klibrōþ (plural present second-person)
klibrōdud (past plural second-person)
klibrōnþ (plural present third-person)
klibrōdun (past plural third-person)
klibrōdī (first-person past singular)
klibrōdī (past second-person singular)
klibrō (present singular third-person)
klibrōdī (past singular third-person)
klibrōdīm (first-person past plural)
klibrōdīd (past plural second-person)
klibrōn (plural present third-person)
klibrōdīn (past plural third-person)
klibrō (present singular)
klibrōþ (plural present)
klibrōndī (participle present)
klibrōd (participle past)

Old English: clifrian

Old High German: *klebarōn

Middle High German: kleberen

From Proto-Germanic *klibrōną. Equivalent to *klibēn (“to cling”) + *-rōn (frequentative suffix).


forþōn

forþōn (infinitive)
forþōnijas (genitive infinitive)
forþōnijē (dative infinitive)
forþōniju (infinitive instrumental)
forþō (first-person present singular)
forþōdā (first-person past singular)
forþōs (present second-person singular)
forþōdēs (past second-person singular)
forþōdōs (past second-person singular)
forþōþ (present singular third-person)
forþōdē (past singular third-person)
forþōdā (past singular third-person)
forþōm (first-person plural present)
forþōdum (first-person past plural)
forþōþ (plural present second-person)
forþōdud (past plural second-person)
forþōnþ (plural present third-person)
forþōdun (past plural third-person)
forþōdī (first-person past singular)
forþōdī (past second-person singular)
forþō (present singular third-person)
forþōdī (past singular third-person)
forþōdīm (first-person past plural)
forþōdīd (past plural second-person)
forþōn (plural present third-person)
forþōdīn (past plural third-person)
forþō (present singular)
forþōþ (plural present)
forþōndī (participle present)
forþōd (participle past)

Old English: forþian

Old Saxon: *forþōn

Middle Low German: vōrden

Old Dutch: *forþon

Middle Dutch: vorden, voorden

From Proto-Germanic *furþōną. Equivalent to *forþ (“forward”) + *-ōn.


būwēn

būwēn (infinitive)
būwēnijas (genitive infinitive)
būwēnijē (dative infinitive)
būwēniju (infinitive instrumental)
būwē (first-person present singular)
būw?dā (first-person past singular)
būwēs (present second-person singular)
būw?dēs (past second-person singular)
būwēþ (present singular third-person)
būw?dē (past singular third-person)
būw?dā (past singular third-person)
būwēm (first-person plural present)
būw?dum (first-person past plural)
būwēþ (plural present second-person)
būw?dud (past plural second-person)
būwēnþ (plural present third-person)
būw?dun (past plural third-person)
būw?dī (first-person past singular)
būw?dī (past second-person singular)
būwē (present singular third-person)
būw?dī (past singular third-person)
būw?dīm (first-person past plural)
būw?dīd (past plural second-person)
būwēn (plural present third-person)
būw?dīn (past plural third-person)
būwē (present singular)
būwēþ (plural present)
būwēndī (participle present)
būw?d (participle past)

Old English: bogian, bugian

Old Frisian: bogia


mālōn

mālōn (infinitive)
mālōnijas (genitive infinitive)
mālōnijē (dative infinitive)
mālōniju (infinitive instrumental)
mālō (first-person present singular)
mālōdā (first-person past singular)
mālōs (present second-person singular)
mālōdēs (past second-person singular)
mālōdōs (past second-person singular)
mālōþ (present singular third-person)
mālōdē (past singular third-person)
mālōdā (past singular third-person)
mālōm (first-person plural present)
mālōdum (first-person past plural)
mālōþ (plural present second-person)
mālōdud (past plural second-person)
mālōnþ (plural present third-person)
mālōdun (past plural third-person)
mālōdī (first-person past singular)
mālōdī (past second-person singular)
mālō (present singular third-person)
mālōdī (past singular third-person)
mālōdīm (first-person past plural)
mālōdīd (past plural second-person)
mālōn (plural present third-person)
mālōdīn (past plural third-person)
mālō (present singular)
mālōþ (plural present)
mālōndī (participle present)
mālōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: mēlia

West Frisian: mielje

Saterland Frisian: moalje

Old Saxon: mālōn

Middle Low German: mālen

German Low German: malen

→ Danish: male

→ Old Swedish: māla

Swedish: måla

Old Dutch: *mālon

desctree

Middle Dutch: mâlen
Dutch: malen
Afrikaans: maal
Berbice Creole Dutch: mali
Negerhollands: maal
Limburgish: male

Old High German: mālōn, mālēn

Middle High German: mālen

German: malen

→ Polish: malować

Yiddish: מאָלן (moln)

From Proto-Germanic *mēlōną. Equivalent to *māl (“stain, mark, spot”) + *-ōn.


graipōn

graipōn (infinitive)
graipōnijas (genitive infinitive)
graipōnijē (dative infinitive)
graipōniju (infinitive instrumental)
graipō (first-person present singular)
graipōdā (first-person past singular)
graipōs (present second-person singular)
graipōdēs (past second-person singular)
graipōdōs (past second-person singular)
graipōþ (present singular third-person)
graipōdē (past singular third-person)
graipōdā (past singular third-person)
graipōm (first-person plural present)
graipōdum (first-person past plural)
graipōþ (plural present second-person)
graipōdud (past plural second-person)
graipōnþ (plural present third-person)
graipōdun (past plural third-person)
graipōdī (first-person past singular)
graipōdī (past second-person singular)
graipō (present singular third-person)
graipōdī (past singular third-person)
graipōdīm (first-person past plural)
graipōdīd (past plural second-person)
graipōn (plural present third-person)
graipōdīn (past plural third-person)
graipō (present singular)
graipōþ (plural present)
graipōndī (participle present)
graipōd (participle past)

Old English: grāpian

Middle English: gropen

English: grope

Old High German: greifōn

Middle High German: greifen


olibaum

olibaum (nominative singular)
olibaumō (nominative plural)
olibaumōs (nominative plural)
olibaum (accusative singular)
olibaumā (accusative plural)
olibaumas (genitive singular)
olibaumō (genitive plural)
olibaumē (dative singular)
olibaumum (dative plural)
olibaumu (instrumental singular)
olibaumum (instrumental plural)

Old English: elebēam

Middle English: elebeme

Old Saxon: *olibōm

desc

Middle Low German: ö̂liebôm, olibôm, olgebôm, oleybôm

Old Dutch: *olibōm

Middle Dutch: olieboom

Dutch: olieboom

Old High German: oliboum, oleboum, oleiboum

Middle High German: öleboum, ölboum, ölepoum, olpoum, olepoum, ölepām, olpām, olepām

German: Ölbaum

From *oli (“oil, olive”) + *baum (“tree”).


īhu

īhu (nominative singular)
īhwō (nominative plural)
īhwōs (nominative plural)
īhu (accusative singular)
īhwā (accusative plural)
īhwas (genitive singular)
īhwō (genitive plural)
īhwē (dative singular)
īhum (dative plural)
īhu (instrumental singular)
īhum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: īw, ēow, ēoh
Middle English: ew, u, iw, iv, eev, hw, ewe
English: yew
Scots: yew, ewe
Yola: yew

Old Saxon: īh, īch

Middle Low German: îve, yue, iwe

German Low German: Iev

Old Dutch: *īwa

q

Middle Dutch: ieve, ijf (possibly a reborrowing from Latin or Romance)

Dutch: ijf

desc

Old High German: īwa, eiba, īgo, īga, īha f

Middle High German: īwe, ībe

Alemannic German: Iche, Ige

Cimbrian: aiba

German: Eibe

Yiddish: אייבנבוים (eybnboym)

→ Late Latin: ivus, *iva

Spanish: iva

desctree

Old French: if
Middle French: if
French: if
Norman: if


larikā

larikā (nominative singular)
larikōn (nominative plural)
larikōn (accusative singular)
larikōn (accusative plural)
larikōn (genitive singular)
larikōnō (genitive plural)
larikōn (dative singular)
larikōm (dative plural)
larikum (dative plural)
larikōn (instrumental singular)
larikōm (instrumental plural)
larikum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian:

>? West Frisian: liere

Old Dutch: *lerika

Middle Dutch: *lerke

Dutch: lerk

→ Danish: lærk

→ Faroese: lerk

→ Icelandic: lerki

→ Norwegian: lerk

→ Swedish: lärk

Old High German: lerihha
Middle High German: larche, lerche
German: Lärche, Larche (Early Modern German)
→ Dutch: lork
Afrikaans: lork
→ English: larch

From Vulgar Latin *larica, from Late Latin larix (“larch”).


īsēn

īsēn (infinitive)
īsēnijas (genitive infinitive)
īsēnijē (dative infinitive)
īsēniju (infinitive instrumental)
īsē (first-person present singular)
īs?dā (first-person past singular)
īsēs (present second-person singular)
īs?dēs (past second-person singular)
īsēþ (present singular third-person)
īs?dē (past singular third-person)
īs?dā (past singular third-person)
īsēm (first-person plural present)
īs?dum (first-person past plural)
īsēþ (plural present second-person)
īs?dud (past plural second-person)
īsēnþ (plural present third-person)
īs?dun (past plural third-person)
īs?dī (first-person past singular)
īs?dī (past second-person singular)
īsē (present singular third-person)
īs?dī (past singular third-person)
īs?dīm (first-person past plural)
īs?dīd (past plural second-person)
īsēn (plural present third-person)
īs?dīn (past plural third-person)
īsē (present singular)
īsēþ (plural present)
īsēndī (participle present)
īs?d (participle past)

Old English: *īsian

Middle English: īsen

Old Frisian: *īsia

West Frisian: iizje

Old Saxon: *īsōn

Middle Low German: īsen

Old Dutch: *īson

Middle Dutch: *isen

Dutch: ijzen

Afrikaans: ys

Old High German: īsēn

Middle High German: īsen

German: eisen

From Proto-Germanic *īsāną. Equivalent to *īs (“ice”) + *-ēn.


sabinā

sabinā (nominative singular)
sabinōn (nominative plural)
sabinōn (accusative singular)
sabinōn (accusative plural)
sabinōn (genitive singular)
sabinōnō (genitive plural)
sabinōn (dative singular)
sabinōm (dative plural)
sabinum (dative plural)
sabinōn (instrumental singular)
sabinōm (instrumental plural)
sabinum (instrumental plural)

Old English: safīne, safene, savīne, savene

desc

Middle English: sauine, saveyn, sauen, sauyn (partially from Old French)

English: savin, savine

Old Saxon: *sebina

Middle Low German: sēven

Old High German: sefina, sevina, sauen

Middle High German: seven, sefen


salbejā

salbejā (nominative singular)
salbejōn (nominative plural)
salbejōn (accusative singular)
salbejōn (accusative plural)
salbejōn (genitive singular)
salbejōnō (genitive plural)
salbejōn (dative singular)
salbejōm (dative plural)
salbejum (dative plural)
salbejōn (instrumental singular)
salbejōm (instrumental plural)
salbejum (instrumental plural)

Old English: salfie, salfige

Middle English: salvie

Old Saxon: selvia

Middle Low German: salvîe, salvye, salvîge, salveige, salveie, salvei

German Low German: Selwe, Salwegge

Old Dutch: *salviga

Middle Dutch: saelge, saelgie, saelie, salie, selve

Dutch: salie

Old High German: salbeia, salveia, salveghe f, salbei m

Middle High German: salbeie, salveie

German: Salbei

Borrowed from Late Latin salvegia, from Latin salvia.


argēn

argēn (infinitive)
argēnijas (genitive infinitive)
argēnijē (dative infinitive)
argēniju (infinitive instrumental)
argē (first-person present singular)
arg?dā (first-person past singular)
argēs (present second-person singular)
arg?dēs (past second-person singular)
argēþ (present singular third-person)
arg?dē (past singular third-person)
arg?dā (past singular third-person)
argēm (first-person plural present)
arg?dum (first-person past plural)
argēþ (plural present second-person)
arg?dud (past plural second-person)
argēnþ (plural present third-person)
arg?dun (past plural third-person)
arg?dī (first-person past singular)
arg?dī (past second-person singular)
argē (present singular third-person)
arg?dī (past singular third-person)
arg?dīm (first-person past plural)
arg?dīd (past plural second-person)
argēn (plural present third-person)
arg?dīn (past plural third-person)
argē (present singular)
argēþ (plural present)
argēndī (participle present)
arg?d (participle past)

Old English: eargian

Middle English: arȝen

Old Frisian: ergia

Old Saxon: *argōn

Middle Low German: argen

desctree

Old Dutch: *argon
Middle Dutch: argen, ergen

Old High German: argēn

Middle High German: argen


welkēn

welkēn (infinitive)
welkēnijas (genitive infinitive)
welkēnijē (dative infinitive)
welkēniju (infinitive instrumental)
welkē (first-person present singular)
welk?dā (first-person past singular)
welkēs (present second-person singular)
welk?dēs (past second-person singular)
welkēþ (present singular third-person)
welk?dē (past singular third-person)
welk?dā (past singular third-person)
welkēm (first-person plural present)
welk?dum (first-person past plural)
welkēþ (plural present second-person)
welk?dud (past plural second-person)
welkēnþ (plural present third-person)
welk?dun (past plural third-person)
welk?dī (first-person past singular)
welk?dī (past second-person singular)
welkē (present singular third-person)
welk?dī (past singular third-person)
welk?dīm (first-person past plural)
welk?dīd (past plural second-person)
welkēn (plural present third-person)
welk?dīn (past plural third-person)
welkē (present singular)
welkēþ (plural present)
welkēndī (participle present)
welk?d (participle past)

Old English: *wealcian

Middle English: welken

English: welk

Old Frisian: wilia

Old Saxon: *welkōn

Middle High German: welken

Old Dutch: *welcon
Middle Dutch: welken
Dutch: welken

Old High German: welkēn, welhēn

Middle High German: welken

German: welken

Most likely from an unattested adjective *welk (“moist, withering”) + *-ēn, which goes back to Proto-Indo-European *welg- (“moist; wet”), compare Lithuanian vilgyti (“to make wet”). Could go back to a hypothetical Proto-Germanic *welkāną, but is only attested in West Germanic.


gingiberō

gingiberō (nominative singular)
gingiberan (nominative plural)
gingiberan (accusative singular)
gingiberan (accusative plural)
gingibirini (genitive singular)
gingiberan (genitive singular)
gingiberanō (genitive plural)
gingibirini (dative singular)
gingiberan (dative singular)
gingiberum (dative plural)
gingibirini (instrumental singular)
gingiberan (instrumental singular)
gingiberum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: gingifer f, gingiber, gingifere
Middle English: gingivere, gingere, gingivre, gingyver, gynger, gyngere, gyngever, gyngiver, gyngyver, gyngyvyr (contaminated by Old French)
English: ginger
→ Greek: τζίντζερ (tzíntzer)
→ Japanese: ジンジャー (jinjā)
→ Maltese: ġinġer
→ Manx: jinshar
→ Welsh: sinsir
→ Zulu: újínja
Scots: ginger, ginge
→ Irish: sinséar
→ Scottish Gaelic: dinnsear
→ Manx: jinshar
→ Welsh: sinsir

Old Saxon: *gingibera, *ingibera

desc

Middle Low German: ingever, inghever, ingeber, incheber, engever, engewer, engevar, engeber, gengever, gengevar, gengefer, gengwer, gengewer, genckver, genwer, gingeber, gingever, gangeber

German Low German:

Low Prussian: Engfäär

Plautdietsch: Enjwa

→ Danish: ingefær

→ Faroese: ingifer

→ Icelandic: engifer

→ Norwegian: ingefær

→ Swedish: ingefära

→ Finnish: inkivääri

Old Dutch: *gingibero

Middle Dutch: gingebare, gigeberre, gengeber, gingeber, gengevar, ginghebare

desctree

Dutch: gember
Afrikaans: gemmer
Berbice Creole Dutch: gembru
Jersey Dutch: jäämver
→ Lokono: sizembri
→ Papiamentu: ehèmber, gèmber, hember
→ West Frisian: gimber

Old High German: gingibero, gingiber, ingiber
Middle High German: ingeber, ingewer, ingwer, gingebere
German: Ingwer, Ingber, Imber (dialectal, obsolete)
→ Estonian: ingver
→ Latvian: ingvers
→ Luxembourgish: Ingwer
→ Polish: imbir, imbier (obsolete), imgbir, ingbier, jęgbir, engbier, imgbier, inbier (Middle Polish)
→ Belarusian: імбі́р (imbír)
→ Lithuanian: imbieras
→ Russian: имби́рь (imbírʹ)
→ Ukrainian: імби́р (imbýr)
→ Slovene: īngver, īmber
→ Lower Sorbian: ingwer
→ Upper Sorbian: himbjer, ingwer
Yiddish: אינגבער (ingber)

Borrowed from Late Latin gingiber, from Latin zingiberi.


bētā

bētā (nominative singular)
bētōn (nominative plural)
bētōn (accusative singular)
bētōn (accusative plural)
bētōn (genitive singular)
bētōnō (genitive plural)
bētōn (dative singular)
bētōm (dative plural)
bētum (dative plural)
bētōn (instrumental singular)
bētōm (instrumental plural)
bētum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bēte

Middle English: bete, beet
English: beet
→ Chickasaw: (from the plural) biits
→ Hawaiian: piki
→ Maori: pīti

Old Frisian: bete

Old Saxon: *bēta

Middle Low German: bête

German Low German: Beet

Plautdietsch: Beet

→ Danish: bede

→ Estonian: peet

→ German: Bete

→ Latvian: biete

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Nynorsk: bete

Norwegian Bokmål: bete

→ Swedish: beta

Old Dutch: *bēta
Middle Dutch: bête
Dutch: biet, beet
Afrikaans: beet
→ Indonesian: bit

Old High German: bieza

Middle High German: bieze, bizza

Bavarian: Bießen (Tirol)

⇒ Bavarian: Pießl, Bießl

→ Slovene: pesa


hlūstrēn

hlūstrēn (infinitive)
hlūstrēnijas (genitive infinitive)
hlūstrēnijē (dative infinitive)
hlūstrēniju (infinitive instrumental)
hlūstrē (first-person present singular)
hlūstr?dā (first-person past singular)
hlūstrēs (present second-person singular)
hlūstr?dēs (past second-person singular)
hlūstrēþ (present singular third-person)
hlūstr?dē (past singular third-person)
hlūstr?dā (past singular third-person)
hlūstrēm (first-person plural present)
hlūstr?dum (first-person past plural)
hlūstrēþ (plural present second-person)
hlūstr?dud (past plural second-person)
hlūstrēnþ (plural present third-person)
hlūstr?dun (past plural third-person)
hlūstr?dī (first-person past singular)
hlūstr?dī (past second-person singular)
hlūstrē (present singular third-person)
hlūstr?dī (past singular third-person)
hlūstr?dīm (first-person past plural)
hlūstr?dīd (past plural second-person)
hlūstrēn (plural present third-person)
hlūstr?dīn (past plural third-person)
hlūstrē (present singular)
hlūstrēþ (plural present)
hlūstrēndī (participle present)
hlūstr?d (participle past)

Old Frisian: *hlūstria

Saterland Frisian: lusterje

West Frisian: lústerje

Old Saxon: *hlūstarōn

Middle Low German: lūsteren, lüsteren

Low German: luustern

→ Norwegian:

→ Norwegian Bokmål: lystre

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: lystre, lystra

→ Swedish: lystra

→ Danish: lystre

Old Dutch: *lūstaron
Middle Dutch: luusteren
Dutch: luisteren
Afrikaans: luister
Limburgish: loestere

Old High German: lūstarēn

Middle High German: lūsteren

Central Franconian: luustere, laustere

Luxembourgish: lauschteren

German: laustern (archaic)

Closely related to *hlust (“hearing, ear”), which ultimately descends from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to hear”).


krankēn

krankēn (infinitive)
krankēnijas (genitive infinitive)
krankēnijē (dative infinitive)
krankēniju (infinitive instrumental)
krankē (first-person present singular)
krank?dā (first-person past singular)
krankēs (present second-person singular)
krank?dēs (past second-person singular)
krankēþ (present singular third-person)
krank?dē (past singular third-person)
krank?dā (past singular third-person)
krankēm (first-person plural present)
krank?dum (first-person past plural)
krankēþ (plural present second-person)
krank?dud (past plural second-person)
krankēnþ (plural present third-person)
krank?dun (past plural third-person)
krank?dī (first-person past singular)
krank?dī (past second-person singular)
krankē (present singular third-person)
krank?dī (past singular third-person)
krank?dīm (first-person past plural)
krank?dīd (past plural second-person)
krankēn (plural present third-person)
krank?dīn (past plural third-person)
krankē (present singular)
krankēþ (plural present)
krankēndī (participle present)
krank?d (participle past)

Old Saxon: *krankōn

Middle Low German: kranken

Old Dutch: *crancon
Middle Dutch: cranken
Dutch: kranken (obsolete)

Old High German: *krankēn

⇒ Old High German: bikrankēn

Middle High German: kranken

German: kranken


jungēn

jungēn (infinitive)
jungēnijas (genitive infinitive)
jungēnijē (dative infinitive)
jungēniju (infinitive instrumental)
jungē (first-person present singular)
jung?dā (first-person past singular)
jungēs (present second-person singular)
jung?dēs (past second-person singular)
jungēþ (present singular third-person)
jung?dē (past singular third-person)
jung?dā (past singular third-person)
jungēm (first-person plural present)
jung?dum (first-person past plural)
jungēþ (plural present second-person)
jung?dud (past plural second-person)
jungēnþ (plural present third-person)
jung?dun (past plural third-person)
jung?dī (first-person past singular)
jung?dī (past second-person singular)
jungē (present singular third-person)
jung?dī (past singular third-person)
jung?dīm (first-person past plural)
jung?dīd (past plural second-person)
jungēn (plural present third-person)
jung?dīn (past plural third-person)
jungē (present singular)
jungēþ (plural present)
jungēndī (participle present)
jung?d (participle past)

Old English: *ġeongian

Middle English: yongen

Old Dutch: *jungon
Middle Dutch: jongen

Old High German: jungēn

Middle High German: jungen


berhtēn

berhtēn (infinitive)
berhtēnijas (genitive infinitive)
berhtēnijē (dative infinitive)
berhtēniju (infinitive instrumental)
berhtē (first-person present singular)
berht?dā (first-person past singular)
berhtēs (present second-person singular)
berht?dēs (past second-person singular)
berhtēþ (present singular third-person)
berht?dē (past singular third-person)
berht?dā (past singular third-person)
berhtēm (first-person plural present)
berht?dum (first-person past plural)
berhtēþ (plural present second-person)
berht?dud (past plural second-person)
berhtēnþ (plural present third-person)
berht?dun (past plural third-person)
berht?dī (first-person past singular)
berht?dī (past second-person singular)
berhtē (present singular third-person)
berht?dī (past singular third-person)
berht?dīm (first-person past plural)
berht?dīd (past plural second-person)
berhtēn (plural present third-person)
berht?dīn (past plural third-person)
berhtē (present singular)
berhtēþ (plural present)
berhtēndī (participle present)
berht?d (participle past)

Old English: beorhtian, beorhtiġan

Middle English: brighten

Old High German: berahtēn


skimbalēn

skimbalēn (infinitive)
skimbalēnijas (genitive infinitive)
skimbalēnijē (dative infinitive)
skimbalēniju (infinitive instrumental)
skimbalē (first-person present singular)
skimbal?dā (first-person past singular)
skimbalēs (present second-person singular)
skimbal?dēs (past second-person singular)
skimbalēþ (present singular third-person)
skimbal?dē (past singular third-person)
skimbal?dā (past singular third-person)
skimbalēm (first-person plural present)
skimbal?dum (first-person past plural)
skimbalēþ (plural present second-person)
skimbal?dud (past plural second-person)
skimbalēnþ (plural present third-person)
skimbal?dun (past plural third-person)
skimbal?dī (first-person past singular)
skimbal?dī (past second-person singular)
skimbalē (present singular third-person)
skimbal?dī (past singular third-person)
skimbal?dīm (first-person past plural)
skimbal?dīd (past plural second-person)
skimbalēn (plural present third-person)
skimbal?dīn (past plural third-person)
skimbalē (present singular)
skimbalēþ (plural present)
skimbalēndī (participle present)
skimbal?d (participle past)

Old Frisian: *skimbalia

West Frisian: skimmelje

Old Saxon: *skimbalōn

desc

Middle Low German: schimmelen, schēmelen

desctree

Old Dutch: *skimbalon
Middle Dutch: schimmelen
Dutch: schimmelen

Old High German: *skimbalēn

⇒ Old High German: irskimbalēn

Middle High German: schimmelen

German: schimmeln


grautēn

grautēn (infinitive)
grautēnijas (genitive infinitive)
grautēnijē (dative infinitive)
grautēniju (infinitive instrumental)
grautē (first-person present singular)
graut?dā (first-person past singular)
grautēs (present second-person singular)
graut?dēs (past second-person singular)
grautēþ (present singular third-person)
graut?dē (past singular third-person)
graut?dā (past singular third-person)
grautēm (first-person plural present)
graut?dum (first-person past plural)
grautēþ (plural present second-person)
graut?dud (past plural second-person)
grautēnþ (plural present third-person)
graut?dun (past plural third-person)
graut?dī (first-person past singular)
graut?dī (past second-person singular)
grautē (present singular third-person)
graut?dī (past singular third-person)
graut?dīm (first-person past plural)
graut?dīd (past plural second-person)
grautēn (plural present third-person)
graut?dīn (past plural third-person)
grautē (present singular)
grautēþ (plural present)
grautēndī (participle present)
graut?d (participle past)

Old English: grēatian

Middle English: greten

Old Saxon: *grōtōn

Middle Low German: grōten

Old Dutch: *grōton
Middle Dutch: grôten
Dutch: groten

Old High German: grōzēn

Middle High German: grōzen

German: großen (obsolete)


strakkēn

strakkēn (infinitive)
strakkēnijas (genitive infinitive)
strakkēnijē (dative infinitive)
strakkēniju (infinitive instrumental)
strakkē (first-person present singular)
strakk?dā (first-person past singular)
strakkēs (present second-person singular)
strakk?dēs (past second-person singular)
strakkēþ (present singular third-person)
strakk?dē (past singular third-person)
strakk?dā (past singular third-person)
strakkēm (first-person plural present)
strakk?dum (first-person past plural)
strakkēþ (plural present second-person)
strakk?dud (past plural second-person)
strakkēnþ (plural present third-person)
strakk?dun (past plural third-person)
strakk?dī (first-person past singular)
strakk?dī (past second-person singular)
strakkē (present singular third-person)
strakk?dī (past singular third-person)
strakk?dīm (first-person past plural)
strakk?dīd (past plural second-person)
strakkēn (plural present third-person)
strakk?dīn (past plural third-person)
strakkē (present singular)
strakkēþ (plural present)
strakkēndī (participle present)
strakk?d (participle past)

Old Saxon: *strakkōn

Middle Low German: stracken

Old Dutch: *strackon

Middle Dutch: *stracken

Dutch: strakken (obsolete)

Old High German: strakkēn

Middle High German: stracken

From *strak (“tense, stretched”) + *-ēn.


buhsabaum

bohsabaum (nominative singular)
bohsabaumō (nominative plural)
bohsabaumōs (nominative plural)
bohsabaum (accusative singular)
bohsabaumā (accusative plural)
bohsabaumas (genitive singular)
bohsabaumō (genitive plural)
bohsabaumē (dative singular)
bohsabaumum (dative plural)
bohsabaumu (instrumental singular)
bohsabaumum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *buchsbām, *busbām

Saterland Frisian: Busboom

West Frisian: buksbeam

Old Saxon: buhsbōm

Middle Low German: busbôm, bussebom

German Low German:

Altmarkisch: Buschboom

Ostfriesisch: Bussboom

Westphalian: Bußbaom

→ Danish: buksbom

→ Norwegian: buxbom

→ Swedish: buxbom

→ Finnish: puksipuu

Old Dutch: *buhsbōm

Middle Dutch: bosboom, buschboom

Dutch: buksboom, busboom (archaic)

→ Scots: buschbome, buschboun

Old High German: buhsboum

Middle High German: buhsboum, puhspoum

German: Buchsbaum

→ Polish: bukszpan

From *buhs (“boxwood”) + *baum (“tree”).


aldēn

aldēn (infinitive)
aldēnijas (genitive infinitive)
aldēnijē (dative infinitive)
aldēniju (infinitive instrumental)
aldē (first-person present singular)
ald?dā (first-person past singular)
aldēs (present second-person singular)
ald?dēs (past second-person singular)
aldēþ (present singular third-person)
ald?dē (past singular third-person)
ald?dā (past singular third-person)
aldēm (first-person plural present)
ald?dum (first-person past plural)
aldēþ (plural present second-person)
ald?dud (past plural second-person)
aldēnþ (plural present third-person)
ald?dun (past plural third-person)
ald?dī (first-person past singular)
ald?dī (past second-person singular)
aldē (present singular third-person)
ald?dī (past singular third-person)
ald?dīm (first-person past plural)
ald?dīd (past plural second-person)
aldēn (plural present third-person)
ald?dīn (past plural third-person)
aldē (present singular)
aldēþ (plural present)
aldēndī (participle present)
ald?d (participle past)

Old English: ealdian

Middle English: olden

Old Frisian: aldia

Old Saxon: *aldōn

Middle Low German: alden, ōlden

Old Dutch: *aldon
Middle Dutch: ouden
Dutch: ouden (obsolete)
Limburgish: aaje

Old High German: altēn

Middle High German: alten


hardēn

hardēn (infinitive)
hardēnijas (genitive infinitive)
hardēnijē (dative infinitive)
hardēniju (infinitive instrumental)
hardē (first-person present singular)
hard?dā (first-person past singular)
hardēs (present second-person singular)
hard?dēs (past second-person singular)
hardēþ (present singular third-person)
hard?dē (past singular third-person)
hard?dā (past singular third-person)
hardēm (first-person plural present)
hard?dum (first-person past plural)
hardēþ (plural present second-person)
hard?dud (past plural second-person)
hardēnþ (plural present third-person)
hard?dun (past plural third-person)
hard?dī (first-person past singular)
hard?dī (past second-person singular)
hardē (present singular third-person)
hard?dī (past singular third-person)
hard?dīm (first-person past plural)
hard?dīd (past plural second-person)
hardēn (plural present third-person)
hard?dīn (past plural third-person)
hardē (present singular)
hardēþ (plural present)
hardēndī (participle present)
hard?d (participle past)

Old English: heardian

Middle English: harden

gl

merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmw-pro">*hardijan</i>

Old Frisian: *herdia, harda, herda (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *hardijan)

Saterland Frisian: häide

West Frisian: hurdzje

Old Saxon: *hardōn

desc

Middle Low German: harden, hārden, harren

German Low German: harden, harren

→? Middle High German: harren

German: harren

⇒ Old Saxon: farhardōn

Old Dutch: *hardon

q

Middle Dutch: harden, herden (conflated with the descendant of *hardijan)

Dutch: harden

Old High German: hartēn

Middle High German: harten


balþēn

balþēn (infinitive)
balþēnijas (genitive infinitive)
balþēnijē (dative infinitive)
balþēniju (infinitive instrumental)
balþē (first-person present singular)
balþ?dā (first-person past singular)
balþēs (present second-person singular)
balþ?dēs (past second-person singular)
balþēþ (present singular third-person)
balþ?dē (past singular third-person)
balþ?dā (past singular third-person)
balþēm (first-person plural present)
balþ?dum (first-person past plural)
balþēþ (plural present second-person)
balþ?dud (past plural second-person)
balþēnþ (plural present third-person)
balþ?dun (past plural third-person)
balþ?dī (first-person past singular)
balþ?dī (past second-person singular)
balþē (present singular third-person)
balþ?dī (past singular third-person)
balþ?dīm (first-person past plural)
balþ?dīd (past plural second-person)
balþēn (plural present third-person)
balþ?dīn (past plural third-person)
balþē (present singular)
balþēþ (plural present)
balþēndī (participle present)
balþ?d (participle past)

Old English: bealdian

Middle English: bolden

Old Saxon: *baldōn

Middle Low German: *bōlden

⇒ Middle Low German: vörbōlden

Old Dutch: *baldon
Middle Dutch: bouden

Old High German: baldēn

Middle High German: balden


starkēn

starkēn (infinitive)
starkēnijas (genitive infinitive)
starkēnijē (dative infinitive)
starkēniju (infinitive instrumental)
starkē (first-person present singular)
stark?dā (first-person past singular)
starkēs (present second-person singular)
stark?dēs (past second-person singular)
starkēþ (present singular third-person)
stark?dē (past singular third-person)
stark?dā (past singular third-person)
starkēm (first-person plural present)
stark?dum (first-person past plural)
starkēþ (plural present second-person)
stark?dud (past plural second-person)
starkēnþ (plural present third-person)
stark?dun (past plural third-person)
stark?dī (first-person past singular)
stark?dī (past second-person singular)
starkē (present singular third-person)
stark?dī (past singular third-person)
stark?dīm (first-person past plural)
stark?dīd (past plural second-person)
starkēn (plural present third-person)
stark?dīn (past plural third-person)
starkē (present singular)
starkēþ (plural present)
starkēndī (participle present)
stark?d (participle past)

Old English: stearcian

Middle English: starken

Old Frisian: sterkia

West Frisian: sterkje

Old Saxon: *starkōn

Middle Low German: starken

desctree

Old Dutch: *starcon
Middle Dutch: starken, sterken
Dutch: sterken

Old High German: starkēn

Middle High German: starken


rotēn

rotēn (infinitive)
rotēnijas (genitive infinitive)
rotēnijē (dative infinitive)
rotēniju (infinitive instrumental)
rotē (first-person present singular)
rot?dā (first-person past singular)
rotēs (present second-person singular)
rot?dēs (past second-person singular)
rotēþ (present singular third-person)
rot?dē (past singular third-person)
rot?dā (past singular third-person)
rotēm (first-person plural present)
rot?dum (first-person past plural)
rotēþ (plural present second-person)
rot?dud (past plural second-person)
rotēnþ (plural present third-person)
rot?dun (past plural third-person)
rot?dī (first-person past singular)
rot?dī (past second-person singular)
rotē (present singular third-person)
rot?dī (past singular third-person)
rot?dīm (first-person past plural)
rot?dīd (past plural second-person)
rotēn (plural present third-person)
rot?dīn (past plural third-person)
rotē (present singular)
rotēþ (plural present)
rotēndī (participle present)
rot?d (participle past)

Old English: rotian
Middle English: roten, roote, rooton, rootye, rot, rote, roti, rotie, rotte, rotten, roty, rotye, rotyn, rotenn, rotien, rotiȝen (Early Middle English)
English: rot
Scots: rot
Yola: rothed, rotheda, rothyed (adj)

Old Frisian: rotia

Saterland Frisian: rootje

West Frisian: rotsje

Old Saxon: rotōn

Middle Low German: rōten

German Low German: rötten

→ German: rotten, verrotten

Old Dutch: *roton
Middle Dutch: rōten, rotten
Dutch: rotten, roten, reuten

Old High German: rozēn, rozzēn

Middle High German: rōzen

German: rößen


rautēn

rautēn (infinitive)
rautēnijas (genitive infinitive)
rautēnijē (dative infinitive)
rautēniju (infinitive instrumental)
rautē (first-person present singular)
raut?dā (first-person past singular)
rautēs (present second-person singular)
raut?dēs (past second-person singular)
rautēþ (present singular third-person)
raut?dē (past singular third-person)
raut?dā (past singular third-person)
rautēm (first-person plural present)
raut?dum (first-person past plural)
rautēþ (plural present second-person)
raut?dud (past plural second-person)
rautēnþ (plural present third-person)
raut?dun (past plural third-person)
raut?dī (first-person past singular)
raut?dī (past second-person singular)
rautē (present singular third-person)
raut?dī (past singular third-person)
raut?dīm (first-person past plural)
raut?dīd (past plural second-person)
rautēn (plural present third-person)
raut?dīn (past plural third-person)
rautē (present singular)
rautēþ (plural present)
rautēndī (participle present)
raut?d (participle past)

Old Saxon: *rōtōn

Middle Low German: rōten

Old High German: rōzēn

Middle High German: rōzen


haitēn

haitēn (infinitive)
haitēnijas (genitive infinitive)
haitēnijē (dative infinitive)
haitēniju (infinitive instrumental)
haitē (first-person present singular)
hait?dā (first-person past singular)
haitēs (present second-person singular)
hait?dēs (past second-person singular)
haitēþ (present singular third-person)
hait?dē (past singular third-person)
hait?dā (past singular third-person)
haitēm (first-person plural present)
hait?dum (first-person past plural)
haitēþ (plural present second-person)
hait?dud (past plural second-person)
haitēnþ (plural present third-person)
hait?dun (past plural third-person)
hait?dī (first-person past singular)
hait?dī (past second-person singular)
haitē (present singular third-person)
hait?dī (past singular third-person)
hait?dīm (first-person past plural)
hait?dīd (past plural second-person)
haitēn (plural present third-person)
hait?dīn (past plural third-person)
haitē (present singular)
haitēþ (plural present)
haitēndī (participle present)
hait?d (participle past)

Old English: hātian

Middle English: hoten

Old Saxon: *hētōn

q

Middle Low German: hêten (conflated with the descendant of *haitijan)

desctree

Old Dutch: *hēton
Middle Dutch: hêten, heiten
Dutch: heten
Afrikaans: heet
Negerhollands: hiet
Limburgish: heile

Old High German: heizēn

Middle High German: heizen (conflated with the descendant of *haitijan)

German: heizen