handulā

handulā (nominative singular)
handulōn (nominative plural)
handulōn (accusative singular)
handulōn (accusative plural)
handulōn (genitive singular)
handulōnō (genitive plural)
handulōn (dative singular)
handulōm (dative plural)
handulum (dative plural)
handulōn (instrumental singular)
handulōm (instrumental plural)
handulum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: handle
Middle English: handel, hondel
English: handle
→ Dutch: hendel
Scots: handil, handill, handle

Old Dutch: *handala, *handalo

Middle Dutch: handel m

Dutch: handel m or n

Old High German: *hantala, *hantalo

Middle High German: hantel m or f

German: Hantel f


handugripi

handugripi (nominative singular)
handugripī (nominative plural)
handugripi (accusative singular)
handugripī (accusative plural)
handugripī (genitive singular)
handugrippjō (genitive plural)
handugripī (dative singular)
handugripim (dative plural)
handugrippjum (dative plural)
handugripī (instrumental singular)
handugripim (instrumental plural)
handugrippjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: handgripe
Middle English: handegrip, hand grip
English: handgrip
Scots: handigrip

Old Frisian: *handgrip, *hondgrip

Saterland Frisian: Hondgríep

West Frisian: hângreep

Old Saxon: *handgripi

Middle Low German: handgrepe, handgrēpe

German Low German: Handgreep

Old Dutch: *hantgripi

Middle Dutch: handgrepe

Dutch: handgreep

Old High German: hantgrif

gl

attested only as hantgrift <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr>

Middle High German: *hantgrif (attested only as hantgrift f)

German: Handgriff


arō

arō (nominative singular)
aran (nominative plural)
aran (accusative singular)
aran (accusative plural)
arini (genitive singular)
aran (genitive singular)
aranō (genitive plural)
arini (dative singular)
aran (dative singular)
arum (dative plural)
arini (instrumental singular)
aran (instrumental singular)
arum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: earn
Middle English: ern
English: erne
Scots: earn, ern, erne

Old Frisian: *ern

North Frisian: earn, iarn

West Frisian: earn

Old Saxon: aro
Middle Low German: ārn, arne, arnt, arndt, aren, ārent
Low German: Aar, Arend

Old Dutch: *aro, *aran

Middle Dutch: āer, āren

Dutch: aar, arend

Old High German: aro
Middle High German: are, ar
German: Aar (poetic)


gurgulā

gurgulā (nominative singular)
gurgulōn (nominative plural)
gurgulōn (accusative singular)
gurgulōn (accusative plural)
gurgulōn (genitive singular)
gurgulōnō (genitive plural)
gurgulōn (dative singular)
gurgulōm (dative plural)
gurgulum (dative plural)
gurgulōn (instrumental singular)
gurgulōm (instrumental plural)
gurgulum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *gurgula

Middle Low German: görgel

Old Dutch: *gurgula

Middle Dutch: gorgel

Dutch: gorgel

Afrikaans: gorrel

Old High German: gurgula

Middle High German: gurgele, gurgel

German: Gurgel

Borrowed from Latin gurguliō (“windpipe, gullet”). Doublet of *kelā (“throat”).


galōfō

galōfō (nominative singular)
galōfan (nominative plural)
galōfan (accusative singular)
galōfan (accusative plural)
galōfini (genitive singular)
galōfan (genitive singular)
galōfanō (genitive plural)
galōfini (dative singular)
galōfan (dative singular)
galōfum (dative plural)
galōfini (instrumental singular)
galōfan (instrumental singular)
galōfum (instrumental plural)

Old English: glōf, glōfe f, glōfa m
Middle English: glofe, glove
English: glove
Scots: gluve, gluive

From Proto-Germanic *galōfô. Equivalent to *ga- + *lōfō (“palm of the hand”).


kappellā

kappellā (nominative singular)
kappellōn (nominative plural)
kappellōn (accusative singular)
kappellōn (accusative plural)
kappellōn (genitive singular)
kappellōnō (genitive plural)
kappellōn (dative singular)
kappellōm (dative plural)
kappellum (dative plural)
kappellōn (instrumental singular)
kappellōm (instrumental plural)
kappellum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: kapelle

West Frisian: kapel

Old Saxon: *kapella

Middle Low German: kabel

→ Estonian: kabel

→ Old Norse: kapella

Danish: kapel

Norwegian Bokmål: kapell

Norwegian Nynorsk: kapell

Old Swedish: cappell

Swedish: kapell
→ Finnish: kappeli

Old Dutch: *capella

Middle Dutch: capelle

Dutch: kapel
Afrikaans: kapel
Berbice Creole Dutch: kampele
→ Indonesian: kapel
→ Papiamentu: kapèl, kapel
→ Sranan Tongo: kapelka

Limburgish: kepèl

⇒ Old Dutch: Westcapella

Old High German: kappella, kapella

desc

Middle High German: kappelle, kapelle, kappel

German: Kapelle

Borrowed from Early Medieval Latin cappella (“chapel”).


stopplā

stopplā (nominative singular)
stopplōn (nominative plural)
stopplōn (accusative singular)
stopplōn (accusative plural)
stopplōn (genitive singular)
stopplōnō (genitive plural)
stopplōn (dative singular)
stopplōm (dative plural)
stopplum (dative plural)
stopplōn (instrumental singular)
stopplōm (instrumental plural)
stopplum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *stoppala

Middle Low German: stoppele, stōpele

→ German: Stoppel

Old Dutch: *stoppala

Middle Dutch: stoppel, stoppele

Dutch: stoppel

Old High German: stupfila, stupfala

Middle High German: stupfel

German: Stupfel (dialectal, Upper German)

Borrowed from Late Latin stopla, stupla, from Latin stipula (“stalk (of a plant)”).


handuskōh

handuskōh (nominative singular)
handuskōhō (nominative plural)
handuskōhōs (nominative plural)
handuskōh (accusative singular)
handuskōhā (accusative plural)
handuskōhas (genitive singular)
handuskōhō (genitive plural)
handuskōhē (dative singular)
handuskōhum (dative plural)
handuskōhu (instrumental singular)
handuskōhum (instrumental plural)

Old English: handsċiō

Old Frisian: handskōch, hondskōch

Old Saxon: handskōh

desc

Middle Low German: hantschô, hansche, hantsche, hentsche, hanske, hantske, hantskô, hantze, hentze

Plautdietsch: Haunschkje

desctree

→ Old Norse: hanzki
Danish: handske
Faroese: handski
Icelandic: hanski
Norwegian (Nynorsk): hanske
Norwegian (Bokmål): hanske
Swedish: handske
→ Finnish: hansikas, hanska

Old Dutch: *hantscuoh, *hantscuo

desc

Middle Dutch: hantsco, hantscoe, hantsc, hansce, antscoen

desctree

Dutch: handschoen, (dialectal) hantske, hanske, hantse, hanse
Afrikaans: handskoen
→ Sotho: hanskunu
Negerhollands: hansko, hantskuen
→ Indonesian: handschoen
→ Indonesian: sarung tangan (calque)
→ Papiamentu: hanskun, handschoen

Old High German: hantskuoh

desc

Middle High German: hantschuoch, hentschuoch, hantschuohe, hantsche, hentsche, hansche

German: Handschuh

Luxembourgish: Händsch


furhisti

furhisti (nominative singular)
furhistī (nominative plural)
furhisti (accusative singular)
furhistī (accusative plural)
furhistī (genitive singular)
furhisttjō (genitive plural)
furhistī (dative singular)
furhistim (dative plural)
furhisttjum (dative plural)
furhistī (instrumental singular)
furhistim (instrumental plural)
furhisttjum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *forhist, forest, forst m

Middle Low German: vorst, vōrst, voerst, vurst, varst, forst m

German Low German: Forst m

Old Dutch: furost, furst (in placenames); forest, voorst, vorst

Middle Dutch: forest, voerst, vorst m or f

Dutch: vorst m

Old High German: forst m; forsti f

Middle High German: forst, vorst m; vorste f

German: Forst m

→ Swedish: forst-

→ Early Medieval Latin: forestis (see there for further descendants)

Perhaps a blend of *furhiþi (“forest”) + *hursti (“thicket, grove”).


mōder

mōder (nominative singular)
mōdar (nominative plural)
mōdar (accusative singular)
mōdar (accusative plural)
mōdur (genitive singular)
mōdrō (genitive plural)
mōdri (dative singular)
mōdrum (dative plural)
mōdri (instrumental singular)
mōdrum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: mōdor
Middle English: moder
English: mother, mither (Scotland and Northern England)
Australian Kriol: motha
→ Japanese: マザー (mazā)
→ Korean: 마더 (madeo)
Scots: mither, medder, midder, moder, moeder (Shetland), mideer, mother
Yola: moodher, moother, moothar

Old Frisian: mōder

North Frisian: (Sytl) Mooter

desc

Saterland Frisian: Múur, Mouer (Strukelje)

West Frisian: moer

desctree

Old Saxon: mōdar
Middle Low German: mōder
Low German: Moder, Mor

Old Dutch: muoder
Middle Dutch: moeder
Dutch: moeder
Afrikaans: moeder
Negerhollands: muder, moeder
Limburgish: moder
Zealandic: moeder

Old High German: muoter
Middle High German: muoter
Alemannic German: Mueter, Muetter, Mueder
Swabian: Muadr, Mudder, Muddr, Muadar, Muddar
Walser: muater, möter
Bavarian: muatar
Cimbrian: muatar, muutar (Sette Comuni)
Central Franconian: Moder (obsolete)
Hunsrik: Mutter, muter (Portuguese-based orthography)
Kirchröadsj: Modder
Luxembourgish: Mudder
East Central German:
Upper Saxon German: Muddor
Vilamovian: mütter
East Franconian: Motter
German: Mutter, Mueter, Muetter, Muoter, Muotter, Muter
→ Central Franconian: Motter
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: muttern
Rhine Franconian: Modder, Mudder, Morrer, Murrer
Frankfurterisch: [mud̥æ̆]
Pennsylvania German: Mudder
Yiddish: מוטער (muter)


hrūm

hrūm (nominative singular)
hrūmō (nominative plural)
hrūmōs (nominative plural)
hrūm (accusative singular)
hrūmā (accusative plural)
hrūmas (genitive singular)
hrūmō (genitive plural)
hrūmē (dative singular)
hrūmum (dative plural)
hrūmu (instrumental singular)
hrūmum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hrūm

⇒ Old English: hrūmiġ

Old Frisian: *hrūm

⇒ Old Frisian: hrūmech, hrūmich

Uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Germanic *hrūmaz, an alteration of *hrīmaz (“hoarfrost”).


higurō

higurō (nominative singular)
higuran (nominative plural)
higuran (accusative singular)
higuran (accusative plural)
higurini (genitive singular)
higuran (genitive singular)
higuranō (genitive plural)
higurini (dative singular)
higuran (dative singular)
higurum (dative plural)
higurini (instrumental singular)
higuran (instrumental singular)
higurum (instrumental plural)

Old English: higera; higere, higre f
Middle English: heghwalle, hygh-whele, eywal (partially, contributing the first component)
English: (dialectal) haihow, heighaw, high hoe, haho (“woodpecker”)

Old Frisian: *higera, *hegera

⇒? Saterland Frisian: Häägakster

Old Saxon: *higuro; higura f

desc

Middle Low German: hēger, heiger, hegger m

German Low German: Heger m

Old Dutch: *higaro

Middle Dutch: heeger, heiger, eiger

Dutch: heiger

Old High German: *hegaro, *hegar

Middle High German: heger m

From Proto-Indo-European *kik- (“jay”), or from Proto-Indo-European *k(r)ikr-, from the screeching sound that birds make.


balwadādi

balwadādi (nominative singular)
balwadādī (nominative plural)
balwadādi (accusative singular)
balwadādī (accusative plural)
balwadādī (genitive singular)
balwadādijō (genitive plural)
balwadādī (dative singular)
balwadādim (dative plural)
balwadādijum (dative plural)
balwadādī (instrumental singular)
balwadādim (instrumental plural)
balwadādijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bealodǣd, bealudǣd

Old Saxon: baludād

Old Dutch: *balodāt

Middle Dutch: *baldât, *baledât

⇒ Middle Dutch: baldâdich, *baledâdich

Dutch: baldadig

⇒ Middle Dutch: baeldadichede

Old High German: balotāt

From *balwa- (“mal-, mis-”) + *dādi (“deed”), possible calque of Latin maleficium.


singrōnijā

singrōnijā (nominative singular)
singrōnijōn (nominative plural)
singrōnijōn (accusative singular)
singrōnijōn (accusative plural)
singrōnijōn (genitive singular)
singrōnijōnō (genitive plural)
singrōnijōn (dative singular)
singrōnijōm (dative plural)
singrōnijum (dative plural)
singrōnijōn (instrumental singular)
singrōnijōm (instrumental plural)
singrōnijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: singrēne f

Middle English: singrene, syngrene

English: singreen, sengreen

Old Saxon: *singrōnia f, *singrōni n

Middle Low German: singrö̂ne, sintgrö̂ne n

→ Danish: singrøn

→ Swedish: singrön, sinngrön, sigrön

Old Dutch: *singrōni, *sinogrōni

Middle Dutch: singroene, sindegroen n

Dutch: senegroen, zenegroen n

Old High German: singruona f

Middle High German: singrüene n

German: Singrün, Sinngrün n


balwamundu

balwamundu (nominative singular)
balwamundō (nominative plural)
balwamundā (accusative singular)
balwamundā (accusative plural)
balwamundā (genitive singular)
balwamundō (genitive plural)
balwamundē (dative singular)
balwamundōm (dative plural)
balwamundum (dative plural)
balwamundu (instrumental singular)
balwamundōm (instrumental plural)
balwamundum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: balumund, balumunda, balumond, balumonda

Old Saxon: *balumunda

Middle Low German: *balmunt

⇒ Middle Low German: balmundich, belmundich

Old High German: balomunt

Middle High German: balmunt

⇒ Middle High German: balmunden

⇒ Middle High German: verbalmunden

→ Latin: babmundo, bathmonio [c. 500 CE, Lex salica]

From *balwa- (“mal-, mis-”) + *mundu (“protection”).


balwawerk

balwawerk (nominative singular)
balwawerku (nominative plural)
balwawerk (accusative singular)
balwawerku (accusative plural)
balwawerkas (genitive singular)
balwawerkō (genitive plural)
balwawerkē (dative singular)
balwawerkum (dative plural)
balwawerku (instrumental singular)
balwawerkum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bealuweorc

Old Saxon: baluwerk

From *balwa- (“mal-, mis-”) + *werk (“work”), possible calque of Latin maleficium.


erbā

erbā (nominative singular)
erbōn (nominative plural)
erbōn (accusative singular)
erbōn (accusative plural)
erbōn (genitive singular)
erbōnō (genitive plural)
erbōn (dative singular)
erbōm (dative plural)
erbum (dative plural)
erbōn (instrumental singular)
erbōm (instrumental plural)
erbum (instrumental plural)

Old English: earfe, earbe

Borrowed from Latin ervum (“vetch”). Doublet of *arwīt (“pea”).


standā

standā (nominative singular)
standōn (nominative plural)
standōn (accusative singular)
standōn (accusative plural)
standōn (genitive singular)
standōnō (genitive plural)
standōn (dative singular)
standōm (dative plural)
standum (dative plural)
standōn (instrumental singular)
standōm (instrumental plural)
standum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: standa

Middle Low German: stande, stanne

⇒ Middle Low German: stander

Old Dutch: *standa

Middle Dutch: stande

Dutch: stande

Old High German: stanta

Middle High German: stande

German: Stande (archaic or dialectal)

desc

⇒ Middle High German: standenære, standener, stantner, stentner

German: Standner, Ständner (archaic or dialectal)

→⇒ Anglo-Norman: estandard (“small barrel”)

→ Middle English: standard (“vessel, barrel, cask”)

English: standard


kwabbā

kwabbā (nominative singular)
kwabbōn (nominative plural)
kwabbōn (accusative singular)
kwabbōn (accusative plural)
kwabbōn (genitive singular)
kwabbōnō (genitive plural)
kwabbōn (dative singular)
kwabbōm (dative plural)
kwabbum (dative plural)
kwabbōn (instrumental singular)
kwabbōm (instrumental plural)
kwabbum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *cwabbe

Middle English: quabbe

English: quab, quob

→ Latin: quabba

Old Frisian: *kwabbe, *quabbe

Saterland Frisian: Kwabbe

West Frisian: kwabbe, kwab

Old Saxon: *kwabba, *kwappa

Middle Low German: quappe, quabbe

German Low German: Quabb

→ Old Danish: kvabbe

→ Old Swedish: qvappa

Swedish: kvabba

⇒ Old Saxon: kwappia, quappia, *quabbia, *quebbia

Middle Low German: quebbe, queb, quobbe, quöbbe f or n

Old Dutch: *kwabba, *quappa

Middle Dutch: quabbe, quappe

Dutch: kwab

Old High German: kwappa, quappa; kwappo, quappo m

Middle High German: quappe, kape, kope, quabbe

German: Quappe, Quabbe

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₂bʰ- (“to sink, submerge, dive”).

inh

anything soft and firmless; a squishy lump, mass, or lobe; flab

(zoology) a bottom-dwelling fish (e.g. burbot); tadpole


rīm

rīm (nominative singular)
rīmu (nominative plural)
rīm (accusative singular)
rīmu (accusative plural)
rīmas (genitive singular)
rīmō (genitive plural)
rīmē (dative singular)
rīmum (dative plural)
rīmu (instrumental singular)
rīmum (instrumental plural)
rīm (nominative singular)
rīmō (nominative plural)
rīmōs (nominative plural)
rīm (accusative singular)
rīmā (accusative plural)
rīmas (genitive singular)
rīmō (genitive plural)
rīmē (dative singular)
rīmum (dative plural)
rīmu (instrumental singular)
rīmum (instrumental plural)

Old English: rīm n

Middle English: rime, ryme

Scots: rime, ryme

English: rime, (rhyme)

Old Frisian: rīm m

Saterland Frisian: Riem

West Frisian: rym

Old Saxon: rīm m

Middle Low German: rîm, rime m

German Low German: Riem

Frankish: *rīm

Old Dutch: *rīm

→ Old Occitan: rim m

gl

→ Old French: rime f (alternatively, derived from the verb Old French rimer (“to recount, rhyme”) < Frankish *rīman (“to arrange in a series”))

Middle French: rime

French: rime

→ Old Occitan: rima

→ Italian: rima

→ Middle English: rime, ryme

English: rhyme

Scots: rime, rhyme

→ Middle Dutch: rime, rijm

Dutch: rijm

Old High German: rīm m

Middle High German: rīm

German: Reim

Luxembourgish: Reim

sequence, series, row or line of identical things


anagripi

anagripi (nominative singular)
anagripī (nominative plural)
anagripi (accusative singular)
anagripī (accusative plural)
anagripī (genitive singular)
anagrippjō (genitive plural)
anagripī (dative singular)
anagripim (dative plural)
anagrippjum (dative plural)
anagripī (instrumental singular)
anagripim (instrumental plural)
anagrippjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ongripe

Old Saxon: *anagripi

Middle Low German: anegrēpe, angrēpe

German Low German: Angreep

Old Dutch: *anagripi

Middle Dutch: aengreep

Dutch: aangreep

Old High German: *anagrif

Middle High German: anegrif, angrif

German: Angriff

From *anagrīpan, equivalent to *ana- + *gripi.


Gaiʀwald

Gaiʀwald (nominative singular)
Gaiʀwald (accusative singular)
Gaiʀwaldā (accusative plural)
Gaiʀwaldas (genitive singular)
Gaiʀwaldō (genitive plural)
Gaiʀwaldē (dative singular)
Gaiʀwaldum (dative plural)
Gaiʀwaldu (instrumental singular)
Gaiʀwaldum (instrumental plural)

Old English: Gārwald, Old English: *Gārweald

Old High German: *Gerwalt

German: Gerold

Frankish: *Gaiʀwald

→ Latin: Geraldus

Spanish: Geraldo

Portuguese: Geraldo

Italian: Geraldo

→ Old Catalan: Guerau

Catalan: Guerau, Garau, Grau

→ French: Gérald, Géraud

English: Gerald

From Proto-Germanic *Gaizawaldaz, equivalent to Proto-West Germanic *gaiʀ (“spear”) + *wald (“powerful, mighty”).


sparwarī

sparwarī (nominative singular)
sparwarijō (nominative plural)
sparwarijōs (nominative plural)
sparwarī (accusative singular)
sparwarijā (accusative plural)
sparwarijas (genitive singular)
sparwarijō (genitive plural)
sparwarijē (dative singular)
sparwarijum (dative plural)
sparwariju (instrumental singular)
sparwarijum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *sparwere, *sperwere

gl

West Frisian: sparwer (possibly borrowed from Low German or Dutch)

Old Saxon: sparwari

desc

Middle Low German: sparwere, sperwere, sparwer, sperwer

German Low German: Sparwer, Sparber, Sperber

Old Dutch: *sparwari

Middle Dutch: sperware, sperwer

Dutch: sperwer

Afrikaans: sperwer

>? Afrikaans: sperwel

gl

Old High German: sparwāri (second element confused with and remodelled after -āri)

desc

Middle High German: sparwære, sperwære, sperbære, sperwer, sparwer, sperber

German: Sperber

→ Italian: sparaviere, sparviere, sparviero

→ Late Latin: sparvarius

Old French: esprever, espervier, esprevier, esparrier

Middle French: esprevier, épervier

French: épervier

→ Middle English: spervere, sperver

English: sparver

⇒ Old French: esprevetëor, espreveteur

→ Middle English: sperviter, sparviter, sparfutere

From Proto-Germanic *sparwarjaz, a diminutive of *sparwarô, a compound equivalent to *sparwō (“sparrow”) + *arō (“eagle”).


gą̄hiþu

gą̄hiþu (nominative singular)
gą̄hiþō (nominative plural)
gą̄hiþā (accusative singular)
gą̄hiþā (accusative plural)
gą̄hiþā (genitive singular)
gą̄hiþō (genitive plural)
gą̄hiþē (dative singular)
gą̄hiþōm (dative plural)
gą̄hiþum (dative plural)
gą̄hiþu (instrumental singular)
gą̄hiþōm (instrumental plural)
gą̄hiþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġīehþo, ġīehþu, ġīehþ

Middle English: gethe

Old High German: gāhida

Middle High German: gæhede, gæhte, gāhte

From earlier *gą̄hwī̌þo, from Proto-Germanic *ganhwiþō, equivalent to *gą̄hī + *-iþu.


ahtungu

ahtungu (nominative singular)
ahtungō (nominative plural)
ahtungā (accusative singular)
ahtungā (accusative plural)
ahtungā (genitive singular)
ahtungō (genitive plural)
ahtungē (dative singular)
ahtungōm (dative plural)
ahtungum (dative plural)
ahtungu (instrumental singular)
ahtungōm (instrumental plural)
ahtungum (instrumental plural)

Old English: eahtung

Old Saxon: *ahtinga

Middle Low German: achtinge

Old Dutch: ahtinga

Middle Dutch: achtinge

Dutch: achting

Afrikaans: agting

desctree

Old High German: ahtunga
Middle High German: ahtunge
German: Achtung


warmnassī

warmnassī (nominative singular)
warmnassīn (accusative singular)
warmnassīn (genitive singular)
warmnassīn (dative singular)
warmnassīn (instrumental singular)

Old English: wearmnes

Middle English: warmnesse

English: warmness

Scots: warmnes

Old Frisian: *warmnisse, *warmense

West Frisian: waarmens

Old Saxon: *werminessi

Middle Low German: wermenisse

German Low German: Warmnis, Warms

Old Dutch: *warminissi

Middle Dutch: *warmenesse

Dutch: warmenesse, warmnis (dialectal)


blīþinassī

blīþinassī (nominative singular)
blīþinassīn (accusative singular)
blīþinassīn (genitive singular)
blīþinassīn (dative singular)
blīþinassīn (instrumental singular)

Old English: blīþnes

Middle English: *blithenesse

English: blitheness

Old Frisian: *blīthenisse, *blīthense

West Frisian: blidens, blijens

Old High German: blīdnissa


wrattjā

wrattjā (nominative singular)
wrattjōn (nominative plural)
wrattjōn (accusative singular)
wrattjōn (accusative plural)
wrattjōn (genitive singular)
wrattjōnō (genitive plural)
wrattjōn (dative singular)
wrattjōm (dative plural)
wrattjum (dative plural)
wrattjōn (instrumental singular)
wrattjōm (instrumental plural)
wrattjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wrætte
Middle English: wrotte, wrette

>? Dutch: rotte (alternatively from *roodte)

Old High German: rezza, reiza

→ Vulgar Latin: *warantia, *warentia

Old French: warance, garance

Middle French: garance

French: garance

Middle English: warance

English: warence

desc

→ Old High German: varantia, varentia, warentia

From Proto-Germanic *wratjǭ, *wratjō, from Proto-Germanic *wratuz, of unknown origin. Equivalent to *wratu + *-jā.

unk

unknown


wallijā

wallijā (nominative singular)
wallijōn (nominative plural)
wallijōn (accusative singular)
wallijōn (accusative plural)
wallijōn (genitive singular)
wallijōnō (genitive plural)
wallijōn (dative singular)
wallijōm (dative plural)
wallijum (dative plural)
wallijōn (instrumental singular)
wallijōm (instrumental plural)
wallijum (instrumental plural)

desc

Old English: wælle, wielle, welle, wylle, wille f; wiella, willa m

Middle English: welle, wille, wælle, walle, wolle

English: well

Scots: well, wall, woll

Old Frisian: *welle f; walla m

Saterland Frisian: Wälle f

West Frisian: welle, wel m or f

Old Saxon: wella, walla

Middle Low German: welle

German Low German: Welle, Well

Old Dutch: wella

Middle Dutch: welle

Dutch: wel

Afrikaans: wel

Old High German: wella

Middle High German: wëlle

German: Welle

→ Polish: fala


mannskapi

mannskapi (nominative singular)
mannskapī (nominative plural)
mannskapi (accusative singular)
mannskapī (accusative plural)
mannskapī (genitive singular)
mannskappjō (genitive plural)
mannskapī (dative singular)
mannskapim (dative plural)
mannskappjum (dative plural)
mannskapī (instrumental singular)
mannskapim (instrumental plural)
mannskappjum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: mansċipe
Middle English: manscipe, manschipe, manschip, manship, manschippe, monschipe
English: manship
Scots: manschip

Old Frisian: *manskip, *monskip

Saterland Frisian: Monskup

West Frisian: manskip

desc

Old Saxon: *mannskepi, *manskepi, *mannskap, *manskap

Middle Low German: manschap, manschop, manschup

German Low German: Mannschop, Mannskupp

Old Dutch: *manskap, *manskepi

Middle Dutch: manscap, manschap, manscep, manscip, manscepe, mansceipe, mansceip, mansceep

Dutch: manschap

Old High German: *manaskaf, *manaskaft

Middle High German: manschaft

German: Mannschaft


warʀ

warʀ (nominative singular)
warʀō (nominative plural)
warʀōs (nominative plural)
warʀ (accusative singular)
warʀā (accusative plural)
warʀas (genitive singular)
warʀō (genitive plural)
warʀē (dative singular)
warʀum (dative plural)
warʀu (instrumental singular)
warʀum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: wearr
Middle English: warre, werre, werr
English: war (dialectal)
⇒ English: warrabee, warble (dialectal)
⇒ English: weerock
Scots: war, waur, wer
⇒ Early Scots: wyrok
Scots: wirrok, werrock, warrack, warrach, warroch

⇒ Old Frisian: wersene, wirsene f (< *warsīnu, *warsīnā)

Old Dutch: *warr

Middle Dutch: warre, weer, wier

Dutch: war, weer, wier, weure, weur

⇒ Dutch: weerooghe (obsolete)

West Flemish: warre


laidijārī

laidijārī (nominative singular)
laidijārijō (nominative plural)
laidijārijōs (nominative plural)
laidijārī (accusative singular)
laidijārijā (accusative plural)
laidijārijas (genitive singular)
laidijārijō (genitive plural)
laidijārijē (dative singular)
laidijārijum (dative plural)
laidijāriju (instrumental singular)
laidijārijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: lǣdere
Middle English: ledere, leder
English: leader
Scots: ledar, leidar

Old Frisian: lēdere

Saterland Frisian: Leder

West Frisian: lieder

desc

Old Saxon: *lēdiāri, *lēdieri, *lēdāri, *lēderi

Middle Low German: lêidære, lêider, leider

German Low German: Leider

Old Dutch: lēderi

Middle Dutch: leidere

Dutch: leider

Afrikaans: leier

Old High German: leitāri

Middle High German: leitære, leiter

German: Leiter

From *laidī (“leading, leadership”) + *-ārī, or *laid (“leading”) + *-ārī.
Alternatively, an alteration of *laidō, *laidijō (“leader”), with the ending assimilated to *-ārī.


laidijō

laidijō (nominative singular)
laidijan (nominative plural)
laidijan (accusative singular)
laidijan (accusative plural)
laidijini (genitive singular)
laidijan (genitive singular)
laidijanō (genitive plural)
laidijini (dative singular)
laidijan (dative singular)
laidijum (dative plural)
laidijini (instrumental singular)
laidijan (instrumental singular)
laidijum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *lēdio, *lēdo

Middle Low German: lêide

Old Dutch: lēdo, leido

Middle Dutch: lede

Old High German: leito

Middle High German: leite


mādu

mādu (nominative singular)
mādwō (nominative plural)
mādwā (accusative singular)
mādwā (accusative plural)
mādwā (genitive singular)
mādwō (genitive plural)
mādwē (dative singular)
mādwōm (dative plural)
mādum (dative plural)
mādu (instrumental singular)
mādwōm (instrumental plural)
mādum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: mǣd, mēd — Anglian, Kentish
Middle English: mede, medwe
English: mead, meadow
Scots: meeda
Yola: mead

Old Frisian: mēde, mēd

North Frisian:

Föhr-Amrum: miad

Goesharde: mäid

Halligen: meed

Karrharde: meed

q

in compounds such as <i class="Latn mention" lang="frr">mäidfjin</i>

Wiedingharde: mäid- (in compounds such as mäidfjin)

East Frisian:

Harlingerland Frisian: meede, mehde

Saterland Frisian: Mäid

West Frisian: miede

→ Middle Low German: mede

German Low German: Meed, Mede

⇒ German Low German: Meedje

Old Dutch: *mada

Middle Dutch: mâde
Dutch: made

Old High German: *mata (< *madu)

Middle High German: matte, mate

Alemannic German: Matt

Alsatian: Matt, Matte

German: Matte

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *mēdwō, *madwō (reconstructed by Kroonen as an ablauting noun *mēþwō, *madw-), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂meh₁-.