See spōk in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "spōk"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: spōk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: spōk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "Spook"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: Spook",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: Spook"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Spouk"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Spouk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Spouk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "spoek"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: spoek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: spoek"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*spōk"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *spōk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *spōk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "spôk"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: spôk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: spôk"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Spöök"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Spöök",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Spöök"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Spuk",
"3": "Spökes",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Spuk, Spökes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Spuk, Spökes"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "spøg",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Danish: spøg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Danish: spøg"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "spøg"
},
"expansion": "Danish: spøg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: spøg"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "spók",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Faroese: spók",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Faroese: spók"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "spjok",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian: spjok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: spjok"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "spöke",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: spöke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: spöke"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*spōk"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *spōk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *spōk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "spoke",
"3": "spooce"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: spoke, spooce",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: spoke, spooce"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "spook"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: spook",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: spook"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "spook",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: spook",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: spook"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "spīgana",
"t": "dragon, witch"
},
"expansion": "Latvian spīgana (“dragon, witch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "spingėti",
"t": "to shine"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian spingėti (“to shine”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "spanxti",
"t": "spark"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian spanxti (“spark”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(s)pāuǵ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)pāuǵ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. According to Klein, from a Proto-Indo-European source shared with Latvian spīgana (“dragon, witch”), Lithuanian spingėti (“to shine”), Old Prussian spanxti (“spark”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pāuǵ-, *(s)pāug- (“to shine, spark; brilliance, spectre”), though the vowels make this less plausible. It could otherwise have been borrowed from a substrate language in the area where Low German/Dutch was spoken. Compare *pūkō.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "*spōk n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/spōk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "60 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spook, ghost, apparition"
],
"id": "en-spōk-gmw-pro-noun-e40XKAIA",
"links": [
[
"spook",
"spook"
],
[
"ghost",
"ghost"
],
[
"apparition",
"apparition"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"witchcraft, wizardry"
],
"id": "en-spōk-gmw-pro-noun-vO6TAclv",
"links": [
[
"witchcraft",
"witchcraft"
],
[
"wizardry",
"wizardry"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "spōk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic neuter nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from substrate languages",
"Proto-West Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"gmw-pro:Mythology"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "spōk"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: spōk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: spōk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "Spook"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: Spook",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: Spook"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Spouk"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Spouk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Spouk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "spoek"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: spoek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: spoek"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*spōk"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *spōk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *spōk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "spôk"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: spôk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: spôk"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Spöök"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Spöök",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Spöök"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Spuk",
"3": "Spökes",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Spuk, Spökes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Spuk, Spökes"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "spøg",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Danish: spøg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Danish: spøg"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "spøg"
},
"expansion": "Danish: spøg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: spøg"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "spók",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Faroese: spók",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Faroese: spók"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "spjok",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian: spjok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: spjok"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "spöke",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: spöke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: spöke"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*spōk"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *spōk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *spōk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "spoke",
"3": "spooce"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: spoke, spooce",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: spoke, spooce"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "spook"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: spook",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: spook"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "spook",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: spook",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: spook"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "spīgana",
"t": "dragon, witch"
},
"expansion": "Latvian spīgana (“dragon, witch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "spingėti",
"t": "to shine"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian spingėti (“to shine”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "spanxti",
"t": "spark"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian spanxti (“spark”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(s)pāuǵ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)pāuǵ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. According to Klein, from a Proto-Indo-European source shared with Latvian spīgana (“dragon, witch”), Lithuanian spingėti (“to shine”), Old Prussian spanxti (“spark”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pāuǵ-, *(s)pāug- (“to shine, spark; brilliance, spectre”), though the vowels make this less plausible. It could otherwise have been borrowed from a substrate language in the area where Low German/Dutch was spoken. Compare *pūkō.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "*spōk n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/spōk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"spook, ghost, apparition"
],
"links": [
[
"spook",
"spook"
],
[
"ghost",
"ghost"
],
[
"apparition",
"apparition"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"witchcraft, wizardry"
],
"links": [
[
"witchcraft",
"witchcraft"
],
[
"wizardry",
"wizardry"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "spōk"
}
Download raw JSONL data for spōk meaning in Proto-West Germanic (4.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (e4a2c88 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.