See gesteran in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġiestran",
"3": "ġeostran",
"4": "ġiestron",
"5": "ġistran"
},
"expansion": "Old English: ġiestran, ġeostran, ġiestron, ġistran",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: ġiestran, ġeostran, ġiestron, ġistran"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġiestrandæġ",
"alts": "1",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old English: ġiestrandæġ, ġeostrandæġ, ġierstandæġ, ġyrstandæġ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old English: ġiestrandæġ, ġeostrandæġ, ġierstandæġ, ġyrstandæġ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "gestaron"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: gestaron",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: gestaron"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gisteren"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: gisteren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: gisteren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gisteren"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: gisteren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: gisteren"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gesteron",
"3": "gesteren"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: gesteron, gesteren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: gesteron, gesteren"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "gestern"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: gestern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: gestern"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bavarian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "gestarn",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian: gestarn, ghéstan (Sette Comuni)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cimbrian: gestarn, ghéstan (Sette Comuni)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhn",
"2": "gester"
},
"expansion": "Mòcheno: gester",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mòcheno: gester"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gestern"
},
"expansion": "German: gestern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: gestern"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gesteran"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gesteran",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰǵʰyésteros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰyésteros",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *gesteran, from *gesteraz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰyésteros, + *-n.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "*gestran",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "*gesteran",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gesteran",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"yesterday"
],
"id": "en-gesteran-gmw-pro-adv-lSPZ--eb",
"links": [
[
"yesterday",
"yesterday"
]
],
"related": [
{
"sense": "Middle English: yester-, yister-",
"tags": [
"English"
],
"word": "yester-"
},
{
"sense": "Middle English: yesterday, yisterday, ȝesterdai, ȝisterdai",
"tags": [
"English"
],
"word": "yesterday"
},
{
"sense": "Middle English: yesterday, yisterday, ȝesterdai, ȝisterdai; Scots",
"word": "yisterday"
},
{
"sense": "Middle English: yesterday, yisterday, ȝesterdai, ȝisterdai; Scots",
"word": "yesterday"
},
{
"sense": "Middle English: yestereen",
"tags": [
"English"
],
"word": "yestereen"
},
{
"sense": "Middle English: yestereen; Scots",
"word": "yestereen"
},
{
"sense": "Old High German: gestre, gestere; Middle High German",
"word": "gester"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gesteran"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġiestran",
"3": "ġeostran",
"4": "ġiestron",
"5": "ġistran"
},
"expansion": "Old English: ġiestran, ġeostran, ġiestron, ġistran",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: ġiestran, ġeostran, ġiestron, ġistran"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġiestrandæġ",
"alts": "1",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old English: ġiestrandæġ, ġeostrandæġ, ġierstandæġ, ġyrstandæġ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old English: ġiestrandæġ, ġeostrandæġ, ġierstandæġ, ġyrstandæġ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "gestaron"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: gestaron",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: gestaron"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gisteren"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: gisteren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: gisteren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gisteren"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: gisteren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: gisteren"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gesteron",
"3": "gesteren"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: gesteron, gesteren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: gesteron, gesteren"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "gestern"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: gestern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: gestern"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bavarian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "gestarn",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian: gestarn, ghéstan (Sette Comuni)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cimbrian: gestarn, ghéstan (Sette Comuni)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhn",
"2": "gester"
},
"expansion": "Mòcheno: gester",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mòcheno: gester"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gestern"
},
"expansion": "German: gestern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: gestern"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gesteran"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gesteran",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰǵʰyésteros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰyésteros",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *gesteran, from *gesteraz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰyésteros, + *-n.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "*gestran",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "*gesteran",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gesteran",
"pos": "adv",
"related": [
{
"sense": "Middle English: yester-, yister-",
"tags": [
"English"
],
"word": "yester-"
},
{
"sense": "Middle English: yesterday, yisterday, ȝesterdai, ȝisterdai",
"tags": [
"English"
],
"word": "yesterday"
},
{
"sense": "Middle English: yesterday, yisterday, ȝesterdai, ȝisterdai; Scots",
"word": "yisterday"
},
{
"sense": "Middle English: yesterday, yisterday, ȝesterdai, ȝisterdai; Scots",
"word": "yesterday"
},
{
"sense": "Middle English: yestereen",
"tags": [
"English"
],
"word": "yestereen"
},
{
"sense": "Middle English: yestereen; Scots",
"word": "yestereen"
},
{
"sense": "Old High German: gestre, gestere; Middle High German",
"word": "gester"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic adverbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"gmw-pro:Day",
"gmw-pro:Past"
],
"glosses": [
"yesterday"
],
"links": [
[
"yesterday",
"yesterday"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gesteran"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gesteran meaning in Proto-West Germanic (3.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.