weluk

weluk (nominative singular)
welukō (nominative plural)
welukōs (nominative plural)
weluk (accusative singular)
welukā (accusative plural)
welukas (genitive singular)
welukō (genitive plural)
welukē (dative singular)
welukum (dative plural)
weluku (instrumental singular)
welukum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: weoloc, weluc, weolc, weoluc, wiloc, wioloc, wyloc
Middle English: welk, welke, whelke, wilke, woelk, wylk, wylke
English: whelk, welk, whilk, wilk
Scots: wulk, wilk, welk
→ Old French: welke

Old Dutch: *wiluc, *weluc

Middle Dutch: willoc, wilc, welc

Dutch: wulk

→ West Frisian: wulk

West Flemish: willok, wullok

Unknown; possibly from a Proto-Germanic *welukaz, from Proto-Indo-European *welH-.


aiþijan

aiþijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
aiþijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
aiþijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
aiþijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
aiþiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
aiþidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
aiþisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
aiþidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
aiþidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
aiþiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
aiþidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
aiþidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
aiþijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
aiþidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
aiþiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
aiþidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
aiþijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
aiþidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
aiþijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
aiþidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
aiþijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
aiþidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
aiþijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
aiþidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
aiþijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
aiþidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
aiþijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
aiþidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
aiþijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
aiþidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
aiþi (class-1 present singular weak)
aiþiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
aiþijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
aiþid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: ǣþan

Middle English: ethen

Old Frisian: ētha

Old Saxon: *ēþian

Middle Low German: êden

Old Dutch: *ēþen

Middle Dutch: êden

Dutch: eden (obsolete)

Old High German: *eiden

Middle High German: eiden

German: eiden (obsolete)

⇒ Old High German: gieiden


twiʀstaurijan

twiʀstaurijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
twiʀstaurijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
twiʀstaurijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
twiʀstaurijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
twiʀstauriju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
twiʀstauridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
twiʀstaurisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
twiʀstauridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
twiʀstauridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
twiʀstauriþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
twiʀstauridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
twiʀstauridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
twiʀstaurijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
twiʀstauridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
twiʀstauriþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
twiʀstauridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
twiʀstaurijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
twiʀstauridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
twiʀstaurijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
twiʀstauridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
twiʀstaurijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
twiʀstauridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
twiʀstaurijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
twiʀstauridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
twiʀstaurijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
twiʀstauridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
twiʀstaurijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
twiʀstauridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
twiʀstaurijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
twiʀstauridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
twiʀstauri (class-1 present singular weak)
twiʀstauriþ (class-1 plural present weak)
twiʀstaurijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
twiʀstaurid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Frisian: tostēra

West Frisian: testooren

Old Saxon: testōrian

Middle Low German: tostȫren, tostoren

Old Dutch: testōren

Old High German: zistōren, zirstōren

Middle High German: zerstören

German: zerstören

From *twiʀ- (“twain, asunder”) + *staurijan (“to destroy, disturb”).


burstilu

burstilu (nominative singular)
burstilō (nominative plural)
burstilā (accusative singular)
burstilā (accusative plural)
burstilā (genitive singular)
burstilō (genitive plural)
burstilē (dative singular)
burstilōm (dative plural)
burstilum (dative plural)
burstilu (instrumental singular)
burstilōm (instrumental plural)
burstilum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *byrstel, *brystl, bristl

desc

Middle English: brustel, brostel, brestel, bristel

English: bristle

Scots: brustle, bristle, brissle

Old Frisian: *borstel, *berstel

Saterland Frisian: Bäärsel

West Frisian: boarstel

Old Saxon: *burstila; *burstil m

Middle Low German: borstel, börstel

German Low German: Bössel

Plautdietsch: Borschtel

Old Dutch: *burstila; *burstil m

Middle Dutch: burstele, borstele, burstel, borstel

Dutch: borstel


þrusmijan

þrusmijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
þrusmijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
þrusmijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
þrusmijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
þrusmiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
þrusmidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
þrusmisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
þrusmidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þrusmidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þrusmiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
þrusmidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þrusmidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þrusmijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
þrusmidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
þrusmiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
þrusmidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
þrusmijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
þrusmidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
þrusmijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
þrusmidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
þrusmijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
þrusmidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þrusmijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
þrusmidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þrusmijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
þrusmidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
þrusmijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
þrusmidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
þrusmijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
þrusmidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
þrusmi (class-1 present singular weak)
þrusmiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
þrusmijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
þrusmid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: þrysman

Old Frisian: thresma

Old Saxon: *þrusmian

Middle Low German: drüsmen, drüsemen, drüssemen

Likely from *þrosm (“smoke, vapour”) + *-jan.


tannjan

tannjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
tannjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
tannjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
tannjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
tannju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tanidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tanisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tanidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tanidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
taniþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tanidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tanidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tannjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tanidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
taniþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tanidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tannjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tanidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tannjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tanidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tannjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tanidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tannjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tanidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tannjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tanidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tannjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tanidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tannjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tanidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tani (class-1 present singular weak)
taniþ (class-1 plural present weak)
tannjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
tanid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: tennan

Old Dutch: *tennen

Middle Dutch: tenen, tennen

Old High German: zenen, zennen

Middle High German: zenen, zennen

Switzerland German: zännen

→? Old French: tanner (to hurt, to torment)


twangijan

twangijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
twangijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
twangijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
twangijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
twangiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
twangidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
twangisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
twangidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
twangidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
twangiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
twangidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
twangidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
twangijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
twangidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
twangiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
twangidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
twangijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
twangidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
twangijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
twangidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
twangijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
twangidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
twangijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
twangidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
twangijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
twangidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
twangijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
twangidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
twangijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
twangidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
twangi (class-1 present singular weak)
twangiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
twangijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
twangid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: twenġan

Middle English: twengen

English: twinge

Old Saxon: twengian

Old Dutch: *twengen

Middle Dutch: twengen

Old High German: zwengen


tuhtōn

tuhtōn (infinitive)
tuhtōnijas (genitive infinitive)
tuhtōnijē (dative infinitive)
tuhtōniju (infinitive instrumental)
tuhtō (first-person present singular)
tuhtōdā (first-person past singular)
tuhtōs (present second-person singular)
tuhtōdēs (past second-person singular)
tuhtōdōs (past second-person singular)
tuhtōþ (present singular third-person)
tuhtōdē (past singular third-person)
tuhtōdā (past singular third-person)
tuhtōm (first-person plural present)
tuhtōdum (first-person past plural)
tuhtōþ (plural present second-person)
tuhtōdud (past plural second-person)
tuhtōnþ (plural present third-person)
tuhtōdun (past plural third-person)
tuhtōdī (first-person past singular)
tuhtōdī (past second-person singular)
tuhtō (present singular third-person)
tuhtōdī (past singular third-person)
tuhtōdīm (first-person past plural)
tuhtōdīd (past plural second-person)
tuhtōn (plural present third-person)
tuhtōdīn (past plural third-person)
tuhtō (present singular)
tuhtōþ (plural present)
tuhtōndī (participle present)
tuhtōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: *tuchtia

gl

alternatively borrowed from Middle Low German <i class="Latn mention" lang="gml">tuchten</i>

Saterland Frisian: tuchtje (alternatively borrowed from Middle Low German tuchten)

Old Saxon: *tuhtōn

Middle Low German: tuchten

Old Dutch: *tuhton

Middle Dutch: tochten

Dutch: tochten

Old High German: zuhtōn

Middle High German: zuchten

German: zuchten

From *tuhti (“a pulling, discipline”) + *-ōn.


twingan

twingan (infinitive)
twingannjas (genitive infinitive)
twingannjē (dative infinitive)
twingannju (infinitive instrumental)
twingu (first-person present singular)
twang (first-person past singular)
twingiʀi (present second-person singular)
twungī (past second-person singular)
twingidi (present singular third-person)
twang (past singular third-person)
twingum (first-person plural present)
twungum (first-person past plural)
twingid (plural present second-person)
twungud (past plural second-person)
twingand (plural present third-person)
twungun (past plural third-person)
twingē (first-person present singular)
twungī (first-person past singular)
twingēs (present second-person singular)
twingē (present singular third-person)
twungī (past singular third-person)
twingēm (first-person plural present)
twungīm (first-person past plural)
twingēþ (plural present second-person)
twungīd (past plural second-person)
twingēn (plural present third-person)
twungīn (past plural third-person)
twing (present singular)
twingid (plural present)
twingandī (participle present)
twungan (participle past)

Old English: twingan

Middle English: twingen

>? Old Dutch: *twingan

q

>? Middle Dutch: twingen (might reflect the causative twengen instead)

Old High German: *zwingan

Middle High German: zwingen

German: zwingen (likely conflated with the descendant of *þwinhaną)


tuhtijan

tuhtijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
tuhtijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
tuhtijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
tuhtijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
tuhtiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tuhtidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tuhtisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tuhtidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tuhtidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tuhtiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tuhtidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tuhtidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tuhtijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tuhtidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tuhtiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tuhtidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tuhtijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tuhtidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tuhtijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tuhtidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tuhtijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tuhtidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tuhtijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tuhtidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tuhtijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tuhtidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tuhtijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tuhtidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tuhtijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tuhtidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tuhti (class-1 present singular weak)
tuhtiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
tuhtijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
tuhtid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: tyhtan, tihtan, tyctan
Middle English: tiȝten, tuchten, tighten
English: tight
Scots: ticht

Old Saxon: *tuhtian

Middle Low German: tuchten

German Low German: tüchten

gl

alternatively from Proto-West Germanic <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmw-pro">*tuhtōn</i>

→ Saterland Frisian: tuchtje (alternatively from Proto-West Germanic *tuhtōn)

→ Old Norse: tykta, typta

Swedish: tukta

Old Dutch: *tuhten

Middle Dutch: tuchten

Dutch: tuchten

Old High German: zuhten

Middle High German: züchten

German: züchten

From *tuhti (“a pulling, drawing, discipline”) + *-jan.


narwijan

narwijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
narwijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
narwijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
narwijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
narwiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
narwidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
narwisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
narwidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
narwidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
narwiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
narwidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
narwidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
narwijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
narwidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
narwiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
narwidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
narwijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
narwidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
narwijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
narwidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
narwijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
narwidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
narwijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
narwidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
narwijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
narwidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
narwijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
narwidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
narwijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
narwidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
narwi (class-1 present singular weak)
narwiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
narwijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
narwid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: nierwan

Old Frisian: nara, nera

(Anglo-Frisian Germanic) to make narrow, to constrict

(Anglo-Frisian Germanic) to force, to oppress


wiþrīgahaidu

wiþrīgahaidu (nominative singular)
wiþrīgahaidiwi (nominative plural)
wiþrīgahaidō (nominative plural)
wiþrīgahaidu (accusative singular)
wiþrīgahaidū (accusative plural)
wiþrīgahaidō (genitive singular)
wiþrīgahaidiwō (genitive plural)
wiþrīgahaidiwi (dative singular)
wiþrīgahaidō (dative singular)
wiþrīgahaidum (dative plural)
wiþrīgahaidu (instrumental singular)
wiþrīgahaidum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *witherighēd

desc

Middle Low German: wedderichhêt, weddericheit, weddercheit

Old Dutch: *witherighēd, *witherigheid

Middle Dutch: *wedericheit

Dutch: wederigheid

Old High German: *widarīgheit

Middle High German: widericheit

German: Widrigkeit

From *wiþrīg (“adverse”) + *-haidu (“-hood”).


wiþrīg

wiþrīg (masculine nominative singular)
wiþrīgu (feminine nominative singular)
wiþrīg (neuter nominative singular)
wiþrīganā (accusative masculine singular)
wiþrīgā (accusative feminine singular)
wiþrīg (accusative neuter singular)
wiþrīgas (genitive masculine singular)
wiþrīgeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
wiþrīgas (genitive neuter singular)
wiþrīgumē (dative masculine singular)
wiþrīgeʀē (dative feminine singular)
wiþrīgumē (dative neuter singular)
wiþrīgu (instrumental masculine singular)
wiþrīgeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
wiþrīgu (instrumental neuter singular)
wiþrīgē (masculine nominative plural)
wiþrīgō (feminine nominative plural)
wiþrīgu (neuter nominative plural)
wiþrīgā (accusative masculine plural)
wiþrīgā (accusative feminine plural)
wiþrīgu (accusative neuter plural)
wiþrīgeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
wiþrīgeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
wiþrīgeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
wiþrīgēm (dative masculine plural)
wiþrīgum (dative masculine plural)
wiþrīgēm (dative feminine plural)
wiþrīgum (dative feminine plural)
wiþrīgēm (dative neuter plural)
wiþrīgum (dative neuter plural)
wiþrīgēm (instrumental masculine plural)
wiþrīgum (instrumental masculine plural)
wiþrīgēm (feminine instrumental plural)
wiþrīgum (feminine instrumental plural)
wiþrīgēm (instrumental neuter plural)
wiþrīgum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Saxon: *witherig

Middle Low German: wedderich

German Low German: wedderg

Old Dutch: *witherig

Middle Dutch: wederich

Dutch: wederig

Old High German: *widarīg

Middle High German: wideric

German: widrig
→ Swedish: vidrig

From *wiþrī (“obstacle”) (whence Old High German widarī) + *-g, from *wiþr (“toward, against”) + *-ī.


-haidu

-haidu (nominative singular)
-haidiwi (nominative plural)
-haidō (nominative plural)
-haidu (accusative singular)
-haidū (accusative plural)
-haidō (genitive singular)
-haidiwō (genitive plural)
-haidiwi (dative singular)
-haidō (dative singular)
-haidum (dative plural)
-haidu (instrumental singular)
-haidum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: -hād (m.a-stem)
Middle English: -had, -hod, -hed, -hede
English: -hood; -head
Scots: -heid

Old Frisian: -hēd (f.i-stem)

Saterland Frisian: -haid, -gaid

West Frisian: -heid

Old Saxon: -hēd (f.i-stem; mf.u-stem)
Middle Low German: -heit
German Low German: -heet, -het
East Frisian: -heid
Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommerisch, Paderbornisch: -heit
→ Danish: -hed
→ Icelandic: -heit
→ Norwegian Bokmål: -het
→ Swedish: -het

Old Dutch: *-hēd, *-heid (f.i-stem)

Middle Dutch: -heit

Dutch: -heid
Afrikaans: -heid

Old High German: -heit (f.i-stem)

Middle High German: -heit

Alemannic German: -heit, -keit

German: -heit, -keit

Yiddish: ־הייט (-heyt), ־קייט (-keyt)

-hood. Forms nouns denoting the condition or quality from nouns and adjectives.


wiþra-

Old English: wiþer-, wider-
Middle English: wither-
English: wither- (dialectal)
Scots: weather-, wother-, widder-

Old Frisian: wither-

Saterland Frisian: wier-

West Frisian: wjer-, wer-

Old Saxon: withar-

Middle Low German: wedder-

German Low German: weer-

Old Dutch: wither-

Middle Dutch: weder-

Dutch: weer-, weder-

Old High German: widar-

Middle High German: wider-

German: wider-, wieder-


seluk

seluk (nominative singular)
selukō (nominative plural)
selukōs (nominative plural)
seluk (accusative singular)
selukā (accusative plural)
selukas (genitive singular)
selukō (genitive plural)
selukē (dative singular)
selukum (dative plural)
seluku (instrumental singular)
selukum (instrumental plural)

Old English: seolc, seoluc, seoloc, sioluc
Middle English: selk, silk
English: silk
Scots: selk, silke, silk

Old High German: serih

⇒ Old High German: serihīg, serihhīg

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin sericus (“silk”), from Late Latin sēricus, along side *silikō (“silk”).


burdijan

burdijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
burdijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
burdijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
burdijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
burdiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
burdidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
burdisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
burdidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
burdidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
burdiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
burdidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
burdidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
burdijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
burdidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
burdiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
burdidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
burdijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
burdidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
burdijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
burdidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
burdijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
burdidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
burdijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
burdidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
burdijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
burdidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
burdijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
burdidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
burdijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
burdidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
burdi (class-1 present singular weak)
burdiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
burdijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
burdid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: byrdan
>? Middle English: brouden

Old Saxon: burdian

Old High German: burten

From Proto-Germanic *burdijaną, equivalent to *bordō (“edge, border, rim”) + *-jan. Cognate with Old Norse byrða (“to embroider, weave”).


hilmijan

hilmijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hilmijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hilmijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hilmijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hilmiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hilmidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hilmisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hilmidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hilmidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hilmiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hilmidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hilmidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hilmijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hilmidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hilmiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hilmidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hilmijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hilmidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hilmijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hilmidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hilmijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hilmidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hilmijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hilmidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hilmijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hilmidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hilmijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hilmidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hilmijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hilmidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hilmi (class-1 present singular weak)
hilmiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hilmijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hilmid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: hilman, hylman

q

Old High German: *hilmen (attested in the past participle gihilmit)


helmōn

helmōn (infinitive)
helmōnijas (genitive infinitive)
helmōnijē (dative infinitive)
helmōniju (infinitive instrumental)
helmō (first-person present singular)
helmōdā (first-person past singular)
helmōs (present second-person singular)
helmōdēs (past second-person singular)
helmōdōs (past second-person singular)
helmōþ (present singular third-person)
helmōdē (past singular third-person)
helmōdā (past singular third-person)
helmōm (first-person plural present)
helmōdum (first-person past plural)
helmōþ (plural present second-person)
helmōdud (past plural second-person)
helmōnþ (plural present third-person)
helmōdun (past plural third-person)
helmōdī (first-person past singular)
helmōdī (past second-person singular)
helmō (present singular third-person)
helmōdī (past singular third-person)
helmōdīm (first-person past plural)
helmōdīd (past plural second-person)
helmōn (plural present third-person)
helmōdīn (past plural third-person)
helmō (present singular)
helmōþ (plural present)
helmōndī (participle present)
helmōd (participle past)

Old English: helmian

Middle English: helmen

Old Saxon: *helmon

Middle Low German: helmen

Old High German: *helmōn (attested in the past participle gihelmōt)

Middle High German: helmen

German: helmen


grautijan

grautijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
grautijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
grautijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
grautijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
grautiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
grautidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
grautisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
grautidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
grautidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
grautiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
grautidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
grautidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
grautijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
grautidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
grautiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
grautidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
grautijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
grautidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
grautijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
grautidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
grautijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
grautidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
grautijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
grautidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
grautijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
grautidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
grautijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
grautidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
grautijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
grautidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
grauti (class-1 present singular weak)
grautiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
grautijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
grautid (class-1 participle past weak)

>? Old English: grīetan (to flourish)

Old Frisian: grêta

Old Saxon: *grōtian

Middle Low German: grȫten

Old Dutch: *grōten

Middle Dutch: grôten (conflated with the descendant of *grautēn)

Dutch: groten

Old High German: *grōzen

Middle High German: grözen


dōkijan

dōkijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
dōkijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
dōkijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
dōkijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
dōkiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
dōkidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
dōkisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
dōkidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
dōkidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
dōkiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
dōkidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
dōkidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
dōkijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
dōkidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
dōkiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
dōkidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
dōkijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
dōkidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
dōkijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
dōkidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
dōkijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
dōkidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
dōkijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
dōkidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
dōkijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
dōkidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
dōkijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
dōkidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
dōkijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
dōkidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
dōki (class-1 present singular weak)
dōkiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
dōkijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
dōkid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: dēċan
Middle English: dechen, deche
English: deech, ditch

Old Saxon: *dōkian

Middle Low German: dôken, dö̂ken

Low German: dööken

Old Dutch: *duoken

Middle Dutch: doeken

Dutch: doeken

Old High German: tuohhen, tuochen

Middle High German: tuochen, tüechen

Alemannic German: tueche

German: tuchen (dialectal)


skilhijan

skilhijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
skilhijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
skilhijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
skilhijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
skilhiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skilhidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skilhisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skilhidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skilhidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skilhiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skilhidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skilhidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skilhijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skilhidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skilhiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skilhidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skilhijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skilhidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skilhijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skilhidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skilhijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skilhidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skilhijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skilhidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skilhijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skilhidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skilhijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skilhidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skilhijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skilhidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skilhi (class-1 present singular weak)
skilhiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
skilhijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
skilhid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *sċīelan

Old English: besċīelan

Old Saxon: *skilhian

Middle Low German: schēlen

Old High German: skilihen

desc

Middle High German: schilhen, schilwen, schilen

German: schielen

Bavarian: schiagln, scheangln

From *skelh (“slanted, squinting”) + *-jan.


saukijan

saukijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
saukijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
saukijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
saukijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
saukiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
saukidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
saukisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
saukidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
saukidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
saukiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
saukidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
saukidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
saukijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
saukidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
saukiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
saukidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
saukijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
saukidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
saukijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
saukidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
saukijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
saukidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
saukijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
saukidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
saukijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
saukidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
saukijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
saukidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
saukijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
saukidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sauki (class-1 present singular weak)
saukiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
saukijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
saukid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *sīeċan, sȳċan, sīċan

Middle English: seken

Old Dutch: *sōken

Middle Dutch: sôken

Dutch: zoken (dialectal)


saugijan

saugijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
saugijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
saugijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
saugijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
saugiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
saugidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
saugisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
saugidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
saugidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
saugiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
saugidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
saugidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
saugijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
saugidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
saugiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
saugidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
saugijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
saugidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
saugijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
saugidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
saugijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
saugidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
saugijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
saugidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
saugijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
saugidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
saugijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
saugidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
saugijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
saugidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
saugi (class-1 present singular weak)
saugiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
saugijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
saugid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: sōgian

Middle Low German: sö̂gen

German Low German: sögen

→ Saterland Frisian: söögje

Old Dutch: *sōgen

Middle Dutch: sôgen

Dutch: zogen

Old High German: sougen

Middle High German: söugen

German: säugen


stōpijan

stōpijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
stōpijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
stōpijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
stōpijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
stōpiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stōpidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stōpisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stōpidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stōpidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stōpiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stōpidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stōpidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stōpijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stōpidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stōpiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stōpidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stōpijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stōpidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stōpijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stōpidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stōpijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stōpidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stōpijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stōpidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stōpijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stōpidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stōpijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stōpidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stōpijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stōpidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stōpi (class-1 present singular weak)
stōpiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
stōpijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
stōpid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: stēpan

Old Saxon: stōpian

Old High German: stuofen

Middle High German: stüefen


spruttjan

spruttjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
spruttjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
spruttjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
spruttjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
spruttju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
spruttā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sprutisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
spruttēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spruttōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sprutiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
spruttē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spruttā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spruttjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
spruttum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sprutiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
spruttud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
spruttjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
spruttun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
spruttjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
spruttī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
spruttjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
spruttī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spruttjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
spruttī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spruttjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
spruttīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
spruttjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
spruttīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
spruttjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
spruttīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
spruti (class-1 present singular weak)
sprutiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
spruttjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
sprutt (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: spryttan
Middle English: sprytten, sprutten, sputten (in part)
English: sprit, spirt, spurt
Scots: spret, sprit

Old Saxon: *spruttian

Middle Low German: sprütten

Old Dutch: *sprutten

Middle Dutch: sprutten

Old High German: spruzzjan, *spruzzen

Middle High German: sprützen

German: spritzen

→ Saterland Frisian: spritsje

→ Dutch: spritsen

→ West Frisian: sprytse

Yiddish: שפּריצן (shpritsn)

→ English: spritz

→ German Low German: sprützen

→ Italian: spruzzare

Closely related to the strong verb *spreutan. Possibly from *sprutō (“sprout”) + *-jan.


aspu

aspu (nominative singular)
aspō (nominative plural)
aspā (accusative singular)
aspā (accusative plural)
aspā (genitive singular)
aspō (genitive plural)
aspē (dative singular)
aspōm (dative plural)
aspum (dative plural)
aspu (instrumental singular)
aspōm (instrumental plural)
aspum (instrumental plural)

Old English: æspe, æsp, æps
Middle English: aspe; aspen
English: asp; aspen

Old Saxon: *aspa

Middle Low German: aspe, espe, hespe

Low German: Äsp

Old Dutch: *aspa, *espa

Middle Dutch: espe

Dutch: esp

Old High German: aspa

Middle High German: aspe

German: Espe


knokōn

knokōn (infinitive)
knokōnijas (genitive infinitive)
knokōnijē (dative infinitive)
knokōniju (infinitive instrumental)
knokō (first-person present singular)
knokōdā (first-person past singular)
knokōs (present second-person singular)
knokōdēs (past second-person singular)
knokōdōs (past second-person singular)
knokōþ (present singular third-person)
knokōdē (past singular third-person)
knokōdā (past singular third-person)
knokōm (first-person plural present)
knokōdum (first-person past plural)
knokōþ (plural present second-person)
knokōdud (past plural second-person)
knokōnþ (plural present third-person)
knokōdun (past plural third-person)
knokōdī (first-person past singular)
knokōdī (past second-person singular)
knokō (present singular third-person)
knokōdī (past singular third-person)
knokōdīm (first-person past plural)
knokōdīd (past plural second-person)
knokōn (plural present third-person)
knokōdīn (past plural third-person)
knokō (present singular)
knokōþ (plural present)
knokōndī (participle present)
knokōd (participle past)

Old English: cnucian, cnocian

Middle English: knokken, cnoken, knocke, knok, knoke, knokke, knokkyn
English: knock
→ Dutch: knokken; nokken
Scots: knock, tnock, knack
Yola: knockt (preterite)

Old Saxon: *knokōn

Middle Low German: *knoken

⇒ Middle Low German: ûtknoken, ûtknōken

Old High German: *knohhōn, *knochōn

Middle High German: knochen

From Proto-Germanic *knukōną; equivalent to *knokō (“bone”) + *-ōn.


portā

portā (nominative singular)
portōn (nominative plural)
portōn (accusative singular)
portōn (accusative plural)
portōn (genitive singular)
portōnō (genitive plural)
portōn (dative singular)
portōm (dative plural)
portum (dative plural)
portōn (instrumental singular)
portōm (instrumental plural)
portum (instrumental plural)

Old English: porte

Middle English: porte, port (and Old French porte)

English: port

Old Frisian: porte

North Frisian: portte

Old Saxon: porta

desc

Middle Low German: pōrte, porte, pōrt, port

→ Old Norse: port

Danish: port

Swedish: port

→ Finnish: portti

Old Dutch: porta

Middle Dutch: porte (and Old French porte)

Dutch: poort

desctree

Old High German: pforta
Middle High German: pforte, pforze
German: Pforte
→ Old Polish: forta
Polish: furta
→ Old Ruthenian: форта (forta)
⇒ Belarusian: фортка (fórtka)
⇒ Ukrainian: хвіртка (xvirtka)

Borrowed from Latin porta (“gateway, passage”).


bardalaus

bardalaus (masculine nominative singular)
bardalausu (feminine nominative singular)
bardalaus (neuter nominative singular)
bardalausanā (accusative masculine singular)
bardalausā (accusative feminine singular)
bardalaus (accusative neuter singular)
bardalausas (genitive masculine singular)
bardalauseʀā (feminine genitive singular)
bardalausas (genitive neuter singular)
bardalausumē (dative masculine singular)
bardalauseʀē (dative feminine singular)
bardalausumē (dative neuter singular)
bardalausu (instrumental masculine singular)
bardalauseʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
bardalausu (instrumental neuter singular)
bardalausē (masculine nominative plural)
bardalausō (feminine nominative plural)
bardalausu (neuter nominative plural)
bardalausā (accusative masculine plural)
bardalausā (accusative feminine plural)
bardalausu (accusative neuter plural)
bardalauseʀō (genitive masculine plural)
bardalauseʀō (feminine genitive plural)
bardalauseʀō (genitive neuter plural)
bardalausēm (dative masculine plural)
bardalausum (dative masculine plural)
bardalausēm (dative feminine plural)
bardalausum (dative feminine plural)
bardalausēm (dative neuter plural)
bardalausum (dative neuter plural)
bardalausēm (instrumental masculine plural)
bardalausum (instrumental masculine plural)
bardalausēm (feminine instrumental plural)
bardalausum (feminine instrumental plural)
bardalausēm (instrumental neuter plural)
bardalausum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: beardlēas
Middle English: berdles, beerdles, berdeles, berdlese, berdless
English: beardless
Scots: beardless

Old Frisian: *berdlās

Saterland Frisian: boartloos

West Frisian: burdleas

Old Saxon: *bardlōs

Middle Low German: bārtlôs

German Low German: baartloos

Old Dutch: *bardlōs

Middle Dutch: *baerdloos, *baertloos

Dutch: baardloos, baardeloos (likely a new construction)

Old High German: *bartlōs

Middle High German: bartlōs

German: bartlos


starbijan

starbijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
starbijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
starbijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
starbijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
starbiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
starbidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
starbisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
starbidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
starbidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
starbiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
starbidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
starbidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
starbijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
starbidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
starbiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
starbidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
starbijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
starbidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
starbijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
starbidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
starbijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
starbidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
starbijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
starbidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
starbijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
starbidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
starbijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
starbidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
starbijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
starbidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
starbi (class-1 present singular weak)
starbiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
starbijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
starbid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *stierfan

⇒ Old English: āstierfan

Old Saxon: *sterven

Middle Low German: sterven

Old High German: *sterben

Middle High German: sterben

⇒ Old High German: irsterben


slaubijan

slaubijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
slaubijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
slaubijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
slaubijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
slaubiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
slaubidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
slaubisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
slaubidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
slaubidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
slaubiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
slaubidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
slaubidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
slaubijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
slaubidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
slaubiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
slaubidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
slaubijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
slaubidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
slaubijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
slaubidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
slaubijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
slaubidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
slaubijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
slaubidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
slaubijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
slaubidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
slaubijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
slaubidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
slaubijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
slaubidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
slaubi (class-1 present singular weak)
slaubiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
slaubijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
slaubid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: slīefan

Middle English: sleven

Old Saxon: *slōvian

Middle Low German: slôven

Old Dutch: *slōven

Middle Dutch: slôven

Dutch: sloven

From *slaubu (“covering, sleeve”) + *-jan.


spalkijan

spalkijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
spalkijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
spalkijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
spalkijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
spalkiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
spalkidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
spalkisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
spalkidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spalkidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spalkiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
spalkidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spalkidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spalkijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
spalkidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
spalkiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
spalkidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
spalkijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
spalkidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
spalkijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
spalkidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
spalkijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
spalkidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spalkijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
spalkidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spalkijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
spalkidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
spalkijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
spalkidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
spalkijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
spalkidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
spalki (class-1 present singular weak)
spalkiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
spalkijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
spalkid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: spelcan, spilcan

Middle English: spelken, spilken

Old Dutch: *spelken

Middle Dutch: *spelken

Dutch: spelken (West Flemish)

⇒ Middle Dutch: afspelken


staigijan

staigijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
staigijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
staigijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
staigijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
staigiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
staigidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
staigisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
staigidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
staigidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
staigiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
staigidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
staigidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
staigijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
staigidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
staigiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
staigidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
staigijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
staigidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
staigijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
staigidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
staigijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
staigidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
staigijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
staigidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
staigijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
staigidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
staigijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
staigidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
staigijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
staigidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
staigi (class-1 present singular weak)
staigiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
staigijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
staigid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *stǣgan

⇒ Old English: āstǣgan

Old Dutch: *steigen

Middle Dutch: steigen

Dutch: steigen (Southern dialects)

Old High German: *steigen

Middle High German: steigen


mōdōn

mōdōn (infinitive)
mōdōnijas (genitive infinitive)
mōdōnijē (dative infinitive)
mōdōniju (infinitive instrumental)
mōdō (first-person present singular)
mōdōdā (first-person past singular)
mōdōs (present second-person singular)
mōdōdēs (past second-person singular)
mōdōdōs (past second-person singular)
mōdōþ (present singular third-person)
mōdōdē (past singular third-person)
mōdōdā (past singular third-person)
mōdōm (first-person plural present)
mōdōdum (first-person past plural)
mōdōþ (plural present second-person)
mōdōdud (past plural second-person)
mōdōnþ (plural present third-person)
mōdōdun (past plural third-person)
mōdōdī (first-person past singular)
mōdōdī (past second-person singular)
mōdō (present singular third-person)
mōdōdī (past singular third-person)
mōdōdīm (first-person past plural)
mōdōdīd (past plural second-person)
mōdōn (plural present third-person)
mōdōdīn (past plural third-person)
mōdō (present singular)
mōdōþ (plural present)
mōdōndī (participle present)
mōdōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: *mōdia

⇒ Old Frisian: formodia

Old Saxon: mōdon

Middle Low German: môden

Old Dutch: *muodon (or from *mōdijan)

Middle Dutch: moeden

Dutch: moeden (obsolete)

Old High German: muotōn

Middle High German: muoten


mōdijan

mōdijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
mōdijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
mōdijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
mōdijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
mōdiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
mōdidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
mōdisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
mōdidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
mōdidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
mōdiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
mōdidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
mōdidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
mōdijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
mōdidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
mōdiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
mōdidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
mōdijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
mōdidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
mōdijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
mōdidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
mōdijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
mōdidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
mōdijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
mōdidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
mōdijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
mōdidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
mōdijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
mōdidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
mōdijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
mōdidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
mōdi (class-1 present singular weak)
mōdiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
mōdijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
mōdid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *mœ̄dan

⇒ Old English: unmœ̄dan

Old Saxon: *mōdian

Middle Low German: mȫden

⇒ Old Saxon: farmōdian

Old Dutch: *muoden (or from *mōdōn)

Middle Dutch: moeden

Dutch: moeden (obsolete)

Old High German: muoten

Middle High German: müeten


anstijan

anstijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
anstijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
anstijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
anstijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
anstiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
anstidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
anstisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
anstidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
anstidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
anstiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
anstidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
anstidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
anstijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
anstidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
anstiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
anstidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
anstijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
anstidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
anstijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
anstidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
anstijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
anstidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
anstijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
anstidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
anstijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
anstidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
anstijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
anstidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
anstijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
anstidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
ansti (class-1 present singular weak)
anstiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
anstijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
anstid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: ēstan, œ̄stan

Old High German: *ensten

Middle High German: ensten

From Proto-Germanic *anstijaną, equivalent to *ansti (“favour, affection”) + *-jan.


pundijan

pundijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
pundijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
pundijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
pundijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
pundiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
pundidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
pundisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
pundidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
pundidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
pundiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
pundidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
pundidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
pundijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
pundidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
pundiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
pundidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
pundijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
pundidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
pundijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
pundidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
pundijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
pundidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
pundijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
pundidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
pundijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
pundidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
pundijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
pundidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
pundijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
pundidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
pundi (class-1 present singular weak)
pundiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
pundijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
pundid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *pyndan
Middle English: pynden, pende, peynde, poyne, puinde, pynde (coalesced with descendant of ġepyndan)
English: pind (dialectal)
Middle Scots: poynd, puynd
Scots: pund, puind, poind, pynd, pind
→ English: poind
→ Old Norse: pynda
Icelandic: pynda, pynta

Old Frisian: *penda

desc

⇒ Old Frisian: bipenda (“to lock up, make inaccessible”)


diurijan

diurijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
diurijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
diurijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
diurijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
diuriju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
diuridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
diurisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
diuridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
diuridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
diuriþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
diuridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
diuridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
diurijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
diuridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
diuriþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
diuridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
diurijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
diuridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
diurijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
diuridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
diurijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
diuridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
diurijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
diuridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
diurijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
diuridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
diurijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
diuridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
diurijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
diuridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
diuri (class-1 present singular weak)
diuriþ (class-1 plural present weak)
diurijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
diurid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: dīeran, dēoran, dȳran

Old Saxon: diurian

Old High German: tiuren

From *diurī (“valuable, precious”) + *-jan.


forþ(a)rōn

forþrōn (canonical)
forþrōn (infinitive)
forþarōn (infinitive)
forþrōnijas (genitive infinitive)
forþarōnijas (genitive infinitive)
forþrōnijē (dative infinitive)
forþarōnijē (dative infinitive)
forþrōniju (infinitive instrumental)
forþarōniju (infinitive instrumental)
forþrō (first-person present singular)
forþarō (first-person present singular)
forþrōdā (first-person past singular)
forþarōdā (first-person past singular)
forþrōs (present second-person singular)
forþarōs (present second-person singular)
forþrōdēs (past second-person singular)
forþarōdēs (past second-person singular)
forþrōdōs (past second-person singular)
forþarōdōs (past second-person singular)
forþrōþ (present singular third-person)
forþarōþ (present singular third-person)
forþrōdē (past singular third-person)
forþarōdē (past singular third-person)
forþrōdā (past singular third-person)
forþarōdā (past singular third-person)
forþrōm (first-person plural present)
forþarōm (first-person plural present)
forþrōdum (first-person past plural)
forþarōdum (first-person past plural)
forþrōþ (plural present second-person)
forþarōþ (plural present second-person)
forþrōdud (past plural second-person)
forþarōdud (past plural second-person)
forþrōnþ (plural present third-person)
forþarōnþ (plural present third-person)
forþrōdun (past plural third-person)
forþarōdun (past plural third-person)
forþrōdī (first-person past singular)
forþarōdī (first-person past singular)
forþrōdī (past second-person singular)
forþarōdī (past second-person singular)
forþrō (present singular third-person)
forþarō (present singular third-person)
forþrōdī (past singular third-person)
forþarōdī (past singular third-person)
forþrōdīm (first-person past plural)
forþarōdīm (first-person past plural)
forþrōdīd (past plural second-person)
forþarōdīd (past plural second-person)
forþrōn (plural present third-person)
forþarōn (plural present third-person)
forþrōdīn (past plural third-person)
forþarōdīn (past plural third-person)
forþrō (present singular)
forþarō (present singular)
forþrōþ (plural present)
forþarōþ (plural present)
forþrōndī (participle present)
forþarōndī (participle present)
forþrōd (participle past)
forþarōd (participle past)

Old English: *furþrian

Middle English: furþeren, forþeren

English: further

Old Frisian: *forderia

West Frisian: foarderje

Old Saxon: *fortharon

Middle Low German: vôrderen, vôrdern

→ Danish: fordre

→ Norwegian Bokmål: fordre

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: fordre, fordra

→ Swedish: fordra

Old Dutch: fortheron

Middle Dutch: vorderen

Dutch: vorderen

Old High German: fordarōn

Middle High German: vorderen, vordern

German: fordern

Yiddish: פֿאָדערן (fodern)


furþrijan

furþrijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
furþrijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
furþrijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
furþrijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
furþriju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
furþridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
furþrisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
furþridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
furþridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
furþriþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
furþridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
furþridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
furþrijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
furþridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
furþriþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
furþridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
furþrijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
furþridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
furþrijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
furþridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
furþrijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
furþridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
furþrijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
furþridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
furþrijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
furþridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
furþrijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
furþridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
furþrijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
furþridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
furþri (class-1 present singular weak)
furþriþ (class-1 plural present weak)
furþrijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
furþrid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: fyrþran

Middle English: firþren

Old Frisian: fordera

Old Saxon: *furthirian

Middle Low German: vȫrderen, vȫrdern, vürderen, vürdern

Old High German: furdiren

Middle High German: vürderen, vürdern

German: fördern


swiknijan

swiknijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
swiknijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
swiknijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
swiknijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
swikniju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
swiknidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
swiknisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
swiknidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swiknidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swikniþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
swiknidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swiknidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swiknijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
swiknidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
swikniþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
swiknidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
swiknijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
swiknidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
swiknijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
swiknidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
swiknijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
swiknidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swiknijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
swiknidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swiknijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
swiknidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
swiknijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
swiknidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
swiknijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
swiknidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
swikni (class-1 present singular weak)
swikniþ (class-1 plural present weak)
swiknijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
swiknid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: swicnan


gauwjan

gauwjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
gauwjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
gauwjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
gauwjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
gauwju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
gawidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
gawisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
gawidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
gawidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
gawiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
gawidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
gawidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
gauwjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
gawidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
gawiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
gawidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
gauwjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
gawidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
gauwjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
gawidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
gauwjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
gawidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
gauwjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
gawidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
gauwjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
gawidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
gauwjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
gawidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
gauwjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
gawidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
gawi (class-1 present singular weak)
gawiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
gauwjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
gawid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: ġēġan
Middle English: ȝeȝen, ȝeiȝen, ȝeien, yeyen

Old Frisian: *gēia

>? West Frisian: geie

⇒ Old High German: *gouwezzen

Middle High German: *gouezen, *gouzen

German: gauzen

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *gauwōn, *gauōn

Old English: *ġēowian, ġēoian, ġōian


selkan

selkan (infinitive)
selkannjas (genitive infinitive)
selkannjē (dative infinitive)
selkannju (infinitive instrumental)
selku (first-person present singular)
salk (first-person past singular)
silkiʀi (present second-person singular)
sulkī (past second-person singular)
silkidi (present singular third-person)
salk (past singular third-person)
selkum (first-person plural present)
sulkum (first-person past plural)
silkid (plural present second-person)
sulkud (past plural second-person)
selkand (plural present third-person)
sulkun (past plural third-person)
selkē (first-person present singular)
sulkī (first-person past singular)
selkēs (present second-person singular)
selkē (present singular third-person)
sulkī (past singular third-person)
selkēm (first-person plural present)
sulkīm (first-person past plural)
selkēþ (plural present second-person)
sulkīd (past plural second-person)
selkēn (plural present third-person)
sulkīn (past plural third-person)
silk (present singular)
silkid (plural present)
selkandī (participle present)
solkan (participle past)

Old English: *seolcan

desc

⇒ Old English: āseolcan (“to be slow; be weak or slothful; languish”)

⇒ Old English: *beseolcan

⇒ Old English: besolcen (past participle)

desctree

⇒ Old English: *solcen, *ġesolcen (past participle)
Middle English: *solken, *solke
⇒ English: sulky (“limp, droopy”)
⇒ English: sulk (verb) (back-formation)
⇒ Scots: sulk (verb) (back-formation)

Old High German: *selkan

Middle High German: selken

desc

⇒ Middle High German: verselken, versëlken

⇒ Old High German: irselkan

⇒ Old High German: giselkēn

⇒ Old High German: selkenēn


ūtijan

ūtijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
ūtijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
ūtijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
ūtijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
ūtiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
ūtidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
ūtisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
ūtidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
ūtidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
ūtiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
ūtidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
ūtidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
ūtijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
ūtidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
ūtiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
ūtidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
ūtijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
ūtidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
ūtijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
ūtidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
ūtijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
ūtidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
ūtijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
ūtidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
ūtijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
ūtidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
ūtijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
ūtidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
ūtijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
ūtidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
ūti (class-1 present singular weak)
ūtiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
ūtijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
ūtid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: ȳtan

From Proto-Germanic *ūtijaną, equivalent to *ūt (“out, outside”) + *-jan.


ūtōn

ūtōn (infinitive)
ūtōnijas (genitive infinitive)
ūtōnijē (dative infinitive)
ūtōniju (infinitive instrumental)
ūtō (first-person present singular)
ūtōdā (first-person past singular)
ūtōs (present second-person singular)
ūtōdēs (past second-person singular)
ūtōdōs (past second-person singular)
ūtōþ (present singular third-person)
ūtōdē (past singular third-person)
ūtōdā (past singular third-person)
ūtōm (first-person plural present)
ūtōdum (first-person past plural)
ūtōþ (plural present second-person)
ūtōdud (past plural second-person)
ūtōnþ (plural present third-person)
ūtōdun (past plural third-person)
ūtōdī (first-person past singular)
ūtōdī (past second-person singular)
ūtō (present singular third-person)
ūtōdī (past singular third-person)
ūtōdīm (first-person past plural)
ūtōdīd (past plural second-person)
ūtōn (plural present third-person)
ūtōdīn (past plural third-person)
ūtō (present singular)
ūtōþ (plural present)
ūtōndī (participle present)
ūtōd (participle past)

Old English: ūtian

Middle English: outen

English: out

Old Frisian: ūtia

Old Saxon: *ūton

Middle Low German: ūten

Old Dutch: *ūton

Middle Dutch: uten

Dutch: uiten

Afrikaans: uit

Old High German: ūzōn

Middle High German: ūzen

German: außen (obsolete)


spittjan

spittjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
spittjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
spittjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
spittjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
spittju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
spittā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
spitisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
spittēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spittōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spitiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
spittē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spittā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spittjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
spittum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
spitiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
spittud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
spittjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
spittun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
spittjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
spittī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
spittjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
spittī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spittjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
spittī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spittjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
spittīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
spittjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
spittīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
spittjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
spittīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
spiti (class-1 present singular weak)
spitiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
spittjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
spitt (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: spittan

Middle English: spitten

English: spit

Old Frisian: *spitta

West Frisian: spitte

Old Saxon: *spittian

Middle Low German: spitten

Old Dutch: *spitten

Middle Dutch: spitten

Dutch: spitten


sparrijan

sparrijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
sparrijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
sparrijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
sparrijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
sparriju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
sparridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sparrisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
sparridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sparridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sparriþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
sparridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sparridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sparrijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
sparridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sparriþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
sparridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
sparrijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
sparridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sparrijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
sparridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sparrijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
sparridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sparrijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
sparridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sparrijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
sparridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sparrijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
sparridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
sparrijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
sparridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sparri (class-1 present singular weak)
sparriþ (class-1 plural present weak)
sparrijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
sparrid (class-1 participle past weak)

>? Old English: sperran, spierran, spyrran

Middle English: sperren

Old Saxon: *sperrian

Middle Low German: sperren

German Low German: sperren

Old Dutch: *sperren

Middle Dutch: sperren

Dutch: sperren

Old High German: sperren

Middle High German: sperren

German: sperren

From Proto-Germanic *sparrijaną, equivalent to *sparrō (“wooden beam, log”) + *-jan.


spurnijan

spurnijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
spurnijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
spurnijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
spurnijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
spurniju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
spurnidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
spurnisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
spurnidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spurnidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spurniþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
spurnidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spurnidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spurnijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
spurnidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
spurniþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
spurnidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
spurnijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
spurnidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
spurnijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
spurnidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
spurnijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
spurnidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spurnijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
spurnidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spurnijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
spurnidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
spurnijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
spurnidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
spurnijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
spurnidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
spurni (class-1 present singular weak)
spurniþ (class-1 plural present weak)
spurnijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
spurnid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: spyrnan

Middle English: spirnen, spernen

Old Dutch: *spurnen

⇒ Old Dutch: witherspurnen

Old High German: spurnen

Middle High German: spürnen


aiskungu

From *aiskōn (“to claim, ask for”) + *-ungu.


aiskungu

aiskungu (nominative singular)
aiskungō (nominative plural)
aiskungā (accusative singular)
aiskungā (accusative plural)
aiskungā (genitive singular)
aiskungō (genitive plural)
aiskungē (dative singular)
aiskungōm (dative plural)
aiskungum (dative plural)
aiskungu (instrumental singular)
aiskungōm (instrumental plural)
aiskungum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: āscung, ācsung, āxung
Middle English: asking, askynge
English: asking
Scots: asking, askin

Old Frisian: āskinge

Saterland Frisian: Aaskenge

Old Saxon: *ēskunga

desc

Middle Low German: êschinge, eischinge, hêschinge

Old Dutch: *eiskunga

Middle Dutch: eischinghe, eisscinge, esscinge, eesscinge, heesscinge, heescinge, heiscinge

Dutch: eising

Old High German: eiskunga

Middle High German: eischunge, heischunge

German: Heischung


hārīn

hārīn (masculine nominative singular)
hārīnu (feminine nominative singular)
hārīn (neuter nominative singular)
hārīnanā (accusative masculine singular)
hārīnā (accusative feminine singular)
hārīn (accusative neuter singular)
hārīnas (genitive masculine singular)
hārīneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
hārīnas (genitive neuter singular)
hārīnumē (dative masculine singular)
hārīneʀē (dative feminine singular)
hārīnumē (dative neuter singular)
hārīnu (instrumental masculine singular)
hārīneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
hārīnu (instrumental neuter singular)
hārīnē (masculine nominative plural)
hārīnō (feminine nominative plural)
hārīnu (neuter nominative plural)
hārīnā (accusative masculine plural)
hārīnā (accusative feminine plural)
hārīnu (accusative neuter plural)
hārīneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
hārīneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
hārīneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
hārīnēm (dative masculine plural)
hārīnum (dative masculine plural)
hārīnēm (dative feminine plural)
hārīnum (dative feminine plural)
hārīnēm (dative neuter plural)
hārīnum (dative neuter plural)
hārīnēm (instrumental masculine plural)
hārīnum (instrumental masculine plural)
hārīnēm (feminine instrumental plural)
hārīnum (feminine instrumental plural)
hārīnēm (instrumental neuter plural)
hārīnum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: hǣren

Middle English: heren, heeren

English: hairen

Scots: herin, hairn, hairen

Old Frisian: *hēren

West Frisian: hierren

Old Saxon: *hārīn

Middle Low German: hâren

Old Dutch: *hārīn

Middle Dutch: harijn

Dutch: haren

Old High German: hārīn

Middle High German: hærīn

German: hären

From *hār (“hair”) + *-īn (adjective suffix).


sadōn

sadōn (infinitive)
sadōnijas (genitive infinitive)
sadōnijē (dative infinitive)
sadōniju (infinitive instrumental)
sadō (first-person present singular)
sadōdā (first-person past singular)
sadōs (present second-person singular)
sadōdēs (past second-person singular)
sadōdōs (past second-person singular)
sadōþ (present singular third-person)
sadōdē (past singular third-person)
sadōdā (past singular third-person)
sadōm (first-person plural present)
sadōdum (first-person past plural)
sadōþ (plural present second-person)
sadōdud (past plural second-person)
sadōnþ (plural present third-person)
sadōdun (past plural third-person)
sadōdī (first-person past singular)
sadōdī (past second-person singular)
sadō (present singular third-person)
sadōdī (past singular third-person)
sadōdīm (first-person past plural)
sadōdīd (past plural second-person)
sadōn (plural present third-person)
sadōdīn (past plural third-person)
sadō (present singular)
sadōþ (plural present)
sadōndī (participle present)
sadōd (participle past)

Old English: sadian

desctree

Middle English: saden, saade, sad, sadde, saddyn, sade
English: sade (dialectal)
Scots: sad

Old Dutch: *sadon

Middle Dutch: saden

Dutch: zaden (obsolete)

Old High German: satōn

Middle High German: saten, satten

German: satten (obsolete)


wilgijā

wilgijā (nominative singular)
wilgijōn (nominative plural)
wilgijōn (accusative singular)
wilgijōn (accusative plural)
wilgijōn (genitive singular)
wilgijōnō (genitive plural)
wilgijōn (dative singular)
wilgijōm (dative plural)
wilgijum (dative plural)
wilgijōn (instrumental singular)
wilgijōm (instrumental plural)
wilgijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wilige, wylige, wylie

desc

Middle English: wylugh, wylgh, welogh, wilwe, wili, whily

English: willow; English: weel

⇒ English: weely

Old Frisian: *wilge

Saterland Frisian: Wíelge, Wüülge

Old Saxon: wilgia

Middle Low German: wilge

German Low German: Wilge

Old Dutch: *wilga

Middle Dutch: wilge f

Dutch: wilg m

Afrikaans: wilg

Old High German: *wilga

Middle High German: wilge

German: Wilge


-wintrī

-wintrī (masculine nominative singular)
-wintriju (feminine nominative singular)
-wintrī (neuter nominative singular)
-wintrijanā (accusative masculine singular)
-wintrijā (accusative feminine singular)
-wintrī (accusative neuter singular)
-wintrijas (genitive masculine singular)
-wintrijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
-wintrijas (genitive neuter singular)
-wintrijumē (dative masculine singular)
-wintrijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
-wintrijumē (dative neuter singular)
-wintriju (instrumental masculine singular)
-wintrijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
-wintriju (instrumental neuter singular)
-wintrijē (masculine nominative plural)
-wintrijō (feminine nominative plural)
-wintriju (neuter nominative plural)
-wintrijā (accusative masculine plural)
-wintrijā (accusative feminine plural)
-wintriju (accusative neuter plural)
-wintrijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
-wintrijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
-wintrijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
-wintrijēm (dative masculine plural)
-wintrijum (dative masculine plural)
-wintrijēm (dative feminine plural)
-wintrijum (dative feminine plural)
-wintrijēm (dative neuter plural)
-wintrijum (dative neuter plural)
-wintrijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
-wintrijum (instrumental masculine plural)
-wintrijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
-wintrijum (feminine instrumental plural)
-wintrijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
-wintrijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: -wintre

Middle English: -winter

From Proto-Germanic *-wintruz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


twalifwintrī

twalifwintrī (masculine nominative singular)
twalifwintriju (feminine nominative singular)
twalifwintrī (neuter nominative singular)
twalifwintrijanā (accusative masculine singular)
twalifwintrijā (accusative feminine singular)
twalifwintrī (accusative neuter singular)
twalifwintrijas (genitive masculine singular)
twalifwintrijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
twalifwintrijas (genitive neuter singular)
twalifwintrijumē (dative masculine singular)
twalifwintrijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
twalifwintrijumē (dative neuter singular)
twalifwintriju (instrumental masculine singular)
twalifwintrijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
twalifwintriju (instrumental neuter singular)
twalifwintrijē (masculine nominative plural)
twalifwintrijō (feminine nominative plural)
twalifwintriju (neuter nominative plural)
twalifwintrijā (accusative masculine plural)
twalifwintrijā (accusative feminine plural)
twalifwintriju (accusative neuter plural)
twalifwintrijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
twalifwintrijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
twalifwintrijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
twalifwintrijēm (dative masculine plural)
twalifwintrijum (dative masculine plural)
twalifwintrijēm (dative feminine plural)
twalifwintrijum (dative feminine plural)
twalifwintrijēm (dative neuter plural)
twalifwintrijum (dative neuter plural)
twalifwintrijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
twalifwintrijum (instrumental masculine plural)
twalifwintrijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
twalifwintrijum (feminine instrumental plural)
twalifwintrijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
twalifwintrijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: twelfwintre

From Proto-Germanic *twalifwintruz. Equivalent to *twalif + *-wintrī.


jāmarōn

jāmarōn (infinitive)
jāmarōnijas (genitive infinitive)
jāmarōnijē (dative infinitive)
jāmarōniju (infinitive instrumental)
jāmarō (first-person present singular)
jāmarōdā (first-person past singular)
jāmarōs (present second-person singular)
jāmarōdēs (past second-person singular)
jāmarōdōs (past second-person singular)
jāmarōþ (present singular third-person)
jāmarōdē (past singular third-person)
jāmarōdā (past singular third-person)
jāmarōm (first-person plural present)
jāmarōdum (first-person past plural)
jāmarōþ (plural present second-person)
jāmarōdud (past plural second-person)
jāmarōnþ (plural present third-person)
jāmarōdun (past plural third-person)
jāmarōdī (first-person past singular)
jāmarōdī (past second-person singular)
jāmarō (present singular third-person)
jāmarōdī (past singular third-person)
jāmarōdīm (first-person past plural)
jāmarōdīd (past plural second-person)
jāmarōn (plural present third-person)
jāmarōdīn (past plural third-person)
jāmarō (present singular)
jāmarōþ (plural present)
jāmarōndī (participle present)
jāmarōd (participle past)

Old English: ġeōmerian, ġeōmrian

Middle English: ȝomeren, ȝeomeren, ȝameren, yemeren

English: yammer

Scots: yammer

Old Frisian: *jāmerja

Saterland Frisian: jammerje

West Frisian: jammerje

Old Saxon: *jāmarōn

Middle Low German: jâmeren, jammeren

German Low German: jammern

→ Danish: jamre

→ Norwegian: jamre

Old Dutch: *jāmaron

Middle Dutch: iammeren, *jammeren

Dutch: jammeren

Afrikaans: jammer

Old High German: jāmarōn

Middle High German: jāmeren, jāmern, jāmren, āmern

German: jammern

From Proto-Germanic *jēmarōną, from Proto-Germanic *jēmaraz (“sad”).


þornu

þornu (nominative singular)
þurniwi (nominative plural)
þornō (nominative plural)
þornu (accusative singular)
þornū (accusative plural)
þornō (genitive singular)
þurniwō (genitive plural)
þurniwi (dative singular)
þornō (dative singular)
þornum (dative plural)
þornu (instrumental singular)
þornum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: thorniun (dative plural)

Old Dutch: thorni (nominative plural)

Old High German: dornin, dornen (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *þurnuz, an alternative form of *þurnaz. The scattered descendants of this form soon took on i-stem forms.


sterbō

sterbō (nominative singular)
sterban (nominative plural)
sterban (accusative singular)
sterban (accusative plural)
stirbini (genitive singular)
sterban (genitive singular)
sterbanō (genitive plural)
stirbini (dative singular)
sterban (dative singular)
sterbum (dative plural)
stirbini (instrumental singular)
sterban (instrumental singular)
sterbum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: steorfa
Middle English: steorve, steorfa, storve, sterve (early)

Old Saxon: *stervo

Middle Low German: sterve, starve

Old High German: sterbo

Middle High German: sterbe


aiwijan

aiwijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
aiwijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
aiwijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
aiwijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
aiwiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
aiwidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
aiwisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
aiwidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
aiwidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
aiwiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
aiwidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
aiwidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
aiwijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
aiwidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
aiwiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
aiwidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
aiwijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
aiwidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
aiwijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
aiwidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
aiwijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
aiwidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
aiwijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
aiwidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
aiwijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
aiwidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
aiwijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
aiwidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
aiwijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
aiwidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
aiwi (class-1 present singular weak)
aiwiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
aiwijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
aiwid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: ǣwan

Old High German: *ēwen

Middle High German: ēwen

German: ehen (dated)


lubōn

lubōn (infinitive)
lubōnijas (genitive infinitive)
lubōnijē (dative infinitive)
lubōniju (infinitive instrumental)
lubō (first-person present singular)
lubōdā (first-person past singular)
lubōs (present second-person singular)
lubōdēs (past second-person singular)
lubōdōs (past second-person singular)
lubōþ (present singular third-person)
lubōdē (past singular third-person)
lubōdā (past singular third-person)
lubōm (first-person plural present)
lubōdum (first-person past plural)
lubōþ (plural present second-person)
lubōdud (past plural second-person)
lubōnþ (plural present third-person)
lubōdun (past plural third-person)
lubōdī (first-person past singular)
lubōdī (past second-person singular)
lubō (present singular third-person)
lubōdī (past singular third-person)
lubōdīm (first-person past plural)
lubōdīd (past plural second-person)
lubōn (plural present third-person)
lubōdīn (past plural third-person)
lubō (present singular)
lubōþ (plural present)
lubōndī (participle present)
lubōd (participle past)

Old English: lufian, lufiġean
Middle English: loven, lofe, love, lovye, lovyen, lowen, lufe, lufen, luffe, luve, loviȝe, lovin, lufian, lufiæn, lufiȝe, lufiȝen, luvan, luven, luvie, luvien, luviȝe, luviȝen, luvyen (Early Middle English), lufenn (Ormulum)
English: love
Scots: luve

Old Frisian: luvia
Saterland Frisian: lúuvje

Old High German: lubōn


tilljan

tilljan (class-1 infinitive weak)
tilljannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
tilljannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
tilljannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
tillju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tildā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tilisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tildēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tildōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tiliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tildē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tildā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tilljum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tildum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tiliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tildud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tilljanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tildun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tilljē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tildī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tilljēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tildī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tilljē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tildī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tilljēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tildīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tilljēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tildīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tilljēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tildīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tili (class-1 present singular weak)
tiliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
tilljandī (class-1 participle present weak)
tild (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *tillan

Middle English: tillen

⇒ Old English: ġetillan

Old High German: zillen

Middle High German: zillen

From *til (“goal, target, purpose”) + *-jan.


tilljan

Old Frisian: tilla

West Frisian: tille

Old Saxon: *tillian

Middle Low German: *tillen

Low German: tillen

⇒ Middle Low German: uptillen

Old Dutch: *tillen

Middle Dutch: tillen

Dutch: tillen

Unknown, could be related to the first entry.


haliþō barnu

Old English: hæleþa bearn

Old Saxon: helithō barn

From *haliþ "hero" + *barn "children." Has a possible analog in Old Norse hǫlda synir.


firhwijō barnu

Old English: fíra bearn

Old Saxon: firihō barn

From *firhwijō (“humans, people”) + *barn (“children”). Possible analog to Old Norse fíra synir.


mannō barnu

Old English: manna bearn

Old Saxon: mannō barn

From *mann "man" + *barn "children." Has a possible analog in Old Norse manna synir.


mākijas aggju

Old English: mǣċes eċġ

Old Saxon: mākies eggia

From Proto-West Germanic *mākī "sword" + *aggju "edge," possibly from Proto-Germanic *mēkijas agjō with a cognate in Old Norse mækis egg.


swerdas aggju

Old English: sweordes eċġ

Old Saxon: swerdes eggia

From Proto-West Germanic *swerd "sword" + *aggju "edge." Compare *mākijas aggju.


auʀahring

auʀahhring (nominative singular)
auʀahhringō (nominative plural)
auʀahhringōs (nominative plural)
auʀahhring (accusative singular)
auʀahhringā (accusative plural)
auʀahhringas (genitive singular)
auʀahhringō (genitive plural)
auʀahhringē (dative singular)
auʀahhringum (dative plural)
auʀahhringu (instrumental singular)
auʀahhringum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ēarhring

Middle English: ere ring

English: earring

Scots: earring

Old Frisian: *ārhring

Saterland Frisian: Oorring

West Frisian: earring

Old Saxon: ōrhring

Middle Low German: ôrrinc, ôrerinc

German Low German: Ohrring

→ Danish: ørering (calque)

→ Swedish: örring (calque)

→ Norwegian: ørering (calque)

Old Dutch: *ōrring

Middle Dutch: ôrrinc

Dutch: oorring

→ French: orin

→ Italian: aurica

→ Portuguese: ourinque

→ Spanish: orinque

→ Catalan: orri

→ Breton: oring

Old High German: ōrring

Middle High German: ōrrinc

German: Ohrring


īdalnassī

īdalnassī (nominative singular)
īdalnassīn (accusative singular)
īdalnassīn (genitive singular)
īdalnassīn (dative singular)
īdalnassīn (instrumental singular)

Old English: īdelness, īdelnes

Middle English: idelnesse, ydelnesse

English: idleness

Scots: idilnes, ydilnes

Old Frisian: īdelnisse

Old Saxon: īdalnussi

Old Dutch: īdelnussi

Middle Dutch: ijdelnisse

Dutch: ijdelnis (obsolete)

Old High German: ītalnissa