wunnjulīk

wunnjulīk (masculine nominative singular)
wunnjulīku (feminine nominative singular)
wunnjulīk (neuter nominative singular)
wunnjulīkanā (accusative masculine singular)
wunnjulīkā (accusative feminine singular)
wunnjulīk (accusative neuter singular)
wunnjulīkas (genitive masculine singular)
wunnjulīkeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
wunnjulīkas (genitive neuter singular)
wunnjulīkumē (dative masculine singular)
wunnjulīkeʀē (dative feminine singular)
wunnjulīkumē (dative neuter singular)
wunnjulīku (instrumental masculine singular)
wunnjulīkeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
wunnjulīku (instrumental neuter singular)
wunnjulīkē (masculine nominative plural)
wunnjulīkō (feminine nominative plural)
wunnjulīku (neuter nominative plural)
wunnjulīkā (accusative masculine plural)
wunnjulīkā (accusative feminine plural)
wunnjulīku (accusative neuter plural)
wunnjulīkeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
wunnjulīkeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
wunnjulīkeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
wunnjulīkēm (dative masculine plural)
wunnjulīkum (dative masculine plural)
wunnjulīkēm (dative feminine plural)
wunnjulīkum (dative feminine plural)
wunnjulīkēm (dative neuter plural)
wunnjulīkum (dative neuter plural)
wunnjulīkēm (instrumental masculine plural)
wunnjulīkum (instrumental masculine plural)
wunnjulīkēm (feminine instrumental plural)
wunnjulīkum (feminine instrumental plural)
wunnjulīkēm (instrumental neuter plural)
wunnjulīkum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: wynlīċ
Middle English: wunliche, wynnelych, wynly
English: winly
⇒ Scots: winly (adverb)

Old Saxon: *wunnilīk

Middle Low German: wunnelīk, wunlik

Old Dutch: *wunnilīk

desc

Middle Dutch: wonnelijc, wunlijc, wonlijc

Dutch: wonnelijk

Old High German: wunnilīh

gl

Middle High German: *wunnelich, *wonnelich (attested only as Middle High German wunniclich, wünniclich)

German: wonnelich (archaic)

From *wunnju + *-līk, likely from Proto-Germanic *wunjōlīkaz, *wunilīkaz, which accounts for some of the variant forms.


angilalīk

angilalīk (masculine nominative singular)
angilalīku (feminine nominative singular)
angilalīk (neuter nominative singular)
angilalīkanā (accusative masculine singular)
angilalīkā (accusative feminine singular)
angilalīk (accusative neuter singular)
angilalīkas (genitive masculine singular)
angilalīkeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
angilalīkas (genitive neuter singular)
angilalīkumē (dative masculine singular)
angilalīkeʀē (dative feminine singular)
angilalīkumē (dative neuter singular)
angilalīku (instrumental masculine singular)
angilalīkeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
angilalīku (instrumental neuter singular)
angilalīkē (masculine nominative plural)
angilalīkō (feminine nominative plural)
angilalīku (neuter nominative plural)
angilalīkā (accusative masculine plural)
angilalīkā (accusative feminine plural)
angilalīku (accusative neuter plural)
angilalīkeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
angilalīkeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
angilalīkeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
angilalīkēm (dative masculine plural)
angilalīkum (dative masculine plural)
angilalīkēm (dative feminine plural)
angilalīkum (dative feminine plural)
angilalīkēm (dative neuter plural)
angilalīkum (dative neuter plural)
angilalīkēm (instrumental masculine plural)
angilalīkum (instrumental masculine plural)
angilalīkēm (feminine instrumental plural)
angilalīkum (feminine instrumental plural)
angilalīkēm (instrumental neuter plural)
angilalīkum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: enġellīċ, enġelīċ, anġellīċ, anġelīċ, ænġellīċ
Middle English: angelich, angely, aungelly
English: angelly
Scots: angillyke, angellyle, angellike

Old Dutch: *engillīk

desc

Middle Dutch: *engellijc, engelijc, ingelijc

Dutch: engellijk

Old High German: engillīh

Middle High German: engellich, engelich


gasittjan

gasittjan (infinitive)
gasittjannjas (genitive infinitive)
gasittjannjē (dative infinitive)
gasittjannju (infinitive instrumental)
gasittju (first-person present singular)
gasat (first-person past singular)
gasitiʀi (present second-person singular)
gasātī (past second-person singular)
gasitidi (present singular third-person)
gasat (past singular third-person)
gasittjum (first-person plural present)
gasātum (first-person past plural)
gasitid (plural present second-person)
gasātud (past plural second-person)
gasittjand (plural present third-person)
gasātun (past plural third-person)
gasittjē (first-person present singular)
gasātī (first-person past singular)
gasittjēs (present second-person singular)
gasittjē (present singular third-person)
gasātī (past singular third-person)
gasittjēm (first-person plural present)
gasātīm (first-person past plural)
gasittjēþ (plural present second-person)
gasātīd (past plural second-person)
gasittjēn (plural present third-person)
gasātīn (past plural third-person)
gasiti (present singular)
gasitid (plural present)
gasittjandī (participle present)
gasetan (participle past)

desctree

Old English: gesittan
Middle English: isitten

Old Saxon: gisittian

Old Dutch: gisitten

Middle Dutch: gesitten

Dutch: gezitten (obsolete)

Old High German: gisizzen

Middle High German: gesitzen

German: gesitzen (archaic)

From Proto-Germanic *gasitjaną. Equivalent to *ga- + *sittjan (“to sit”).


bisittjan

bisittjan (infinitive)
bisittjannjas (genitive infinitive)
bisittjannjē (dative infinitive)
bisittjannju (infinitive instrumental)
bisittju (first-person present singular)
bisat (first-person past singular)
bisitiʀi (present second-person singular)
bisātī (past second-person singular)
bisitidi (present singular third-person)
bisat (past singular third-person)
bisittjum (first-person plural present)
bisātum (first-person past plural)
bisitid (plural present second-person)
bisātud (past plural second-person)
bisittjand (plural present third-person)
bisātun (past plural third-person)
bisittjē (first-person present singular)
bisātī (first-person past singular)
bisittjēs (present second-person singular)
bisittjē (present singular third-person)
bisātī (past singular third-person)
bisittjēm (first-person plural present)
bisātīm (first-person past plural)
bisittjēþ (plural present second-person)
bisātīd (past plural second-person)
bisittjēn (plural present third-person)
bisātīn (past plural third-person)
bisiti (present singular)
bisitid (plural present)
bisittjandī (participle present)
bisetan (participle past)

Old English: besittan
Middle English: besitten
English: besit

Old Saxon: besittian
Middle Low German: besitten
→ Danish: besidde
→ Norwegian Bokmål: besitte
→ Swedish: besitta

Old Dutch: *besitten

Middle Dutch: besitten

Dutch: bezitten

Afrikaans: besit

Old High German: bisizzen

Middle High German: besitzen

German: besitzen

From Proto-Germanic *bisitjaną. Equivalent to *bi- + *sittjan (“to sit”).


uʀsittjan

uʀsittjan (infinitive)
uʀsittjannjas (genitive infinitive)
uʀsittjannjē (dative infinitive)
uʀsittjannju (infinitive instrumental)
uʀsittju (first-person present singular)
uʀsat (first-person past singular)
uʀsitiʀi (present second-person singular)
uʀsātī (past second-person singular)
uʀsitidi (present singular third-person)
uʀsat (past singular third-person)
uʀsittjum (first-person plural present)
uʀsātum (first-person past plural)
uʀsitid (plural present second-person)
uʀsātud (past plural second-person)
uʀsittjand (plural present third-person)
uʀsātun (past plural third-person)
uʀsittjē (first-person present singular)
uʀsātī (first-person past singular)
uʀsittjēs (present second-person singular)
uʀsittjē (present singular third-person)
uʀsātī (past singular third-person)
uʀsittjēm (first-person plural present)
uʀsātīm (first-person past plural)
uʀsittjēþ (plural present second-person)
uʀsātīd (past plural second-person)
uʀsittjēn (plural present third-person)
uʀsātīn (past plural third-person)
uʀsiti (present singular)
uʀsitid (plural present)
uʀsittjandī (participle present)
uʀsetan (participle past)

Old English: āsittan
Middle English: asitten

Old Saxon: āsittian, asittian

Old High German: *irsizzen

Middle High German: ersitzen


forēsittjan

forēsittjan (infinitive)
forēsittjannjas (genitive infinitive)
forēsittjannjē (dative infinitive)
forēsittjannju (infinitive instrumental)
forēsittju (first-person present singular)
forēsat (first-person past singular)
forēsitiʀi (present second-person singular)
forēsātī (past second-person singular)
forēsitidi (present singular third-person)
forēsat (past singular third-person)
forēsittjum (first-person plural present)
forēsātum (first-person past plural)
forēsitid (plural present second-person)
forēsātud (past plural second-person)
forēsittjand (plural present third-person)
forēsātun (past plural third-person)
forēsittjē (first-person present singular)
forēsātī (first-person past singular)
forēsittjēs (present second-person singular)
forēsittjē (present singular third-person)
forēsātī (past singular third-person)
forēsittjēm (first-person plural present)
forēsātīm (first-person past plural)
forēsittjēþ (plural present second-person)
forēsātīd (past plural second-person)
forēsittjēn (plural present third-person)
forēsātīn (past plural third-person)
forēsiti (present singular)
forēsitid (plural present)
forēsittjandī (participle present)
forēsetan (participle past)

Old English: foresittan

Old Saxon: *forasittian

Middle Low German: vȫrsitten

Old Dutch: *forasitten

Middle Dutch: voresitten

Dutch: voorzitten

Old High German: forasizzen

Middle High German: voresitzen

German: vorsitzen


furisittjan

furisittjan (infinitive)
furisittjannjas (genitive infinitive)
furisittjannjē (dative infinitive)
furisittjannju (infinitive instrumental)
furisittju (first-person present singular)
furisat (first-person past singular)
furisitiʀi (present second-person singular)
furisātī (past second-person singular)
furisitidi (present singular third-person)
furisat (past singular third-person)
furisittjum (first-person plural present)
furisātum (first-person past plural)
furisitid (plural present second-person)
furisātud (past plural second-person)
furisittjand (plural present third-person)
furisātun (past plural third-person)
furisittjē (first-person present singular)
furisātī (first-person past singular)
furisittjēs (present second-person singular)
furisittjē (present singular third-person)
furisātī (past singular third-person)
furisittjēm (first-person plural present)
furisātīm (first-person past plural)
furisittjēþ (plural present second-person)
furisātīd (past plural second-person)
furisittjēn (plural present third-person)
furisātīn (past plural third-person)
furisiti (present singular)
furisitid (plural present)
furisittjandī (participle present)
furisetan (participle past)

Old English: forsittan
Middle English: forsitten

Old Saxon: *farsittian

Middle Low German: vörsitten, vorsitten

→ Swedish: försitta

Old Dutch: *farsitten

Middle Dutch: versitten

Old High German: furisizzen

desc

Middle High German: versitzen, fersitzen, virsitzen, firsitzen


umbisittjan

umbisittjan (infinitive)
umbisittjannjas (genitive infinitive)
umbisittjannjē (dative infinitive)
umbisittjannju (infinitive instrumental)
umbisittju (first-person present singular)
umbisat (first-person past singular)
umbisitiʀi (present second-person singular)
umbisātī (past second-person singular)
umbisitidi (present singular third-person)
umbisat (past singular third-person)
umbisittjum (first-person plural present)
umbisātum (first-person past plural)
umbisitid (plural present second-person)
umbisātud (past plural second-person)
umbisittjand (plural present third-person)
umbisātun (past plural third-person)
umbisittjē (first-person present singular)
umbisātī (first-person past singular)
umbisittjēs (present second-person singular)
umbisittjē (present singular third-person)
umbisātī (past singular third-person)
umbisittjēm (first-person plural present)
umbisātīm (first-person past plural)
umbisittjēþ (plural present second-person)
umbisātīd (past plural second-person)
umbisittjēn (plural present third-person)
umbisātīn (past plural third-person)
umbisiti (present singular)
umbisitid (plural present)
umbisittjandī (participle present)
umbisetan (participle past)

desctree

Old English: ymbsittan, embsittan
Middle English: umbsitten

Old Saxon: *umbisittian

Middle Low German: ümmesitten

Old Dutch: *umbisitten

Middle Dutch: ommesitten

Dutch: omzitten

Old High German: umbisizzen

desc

Middle High German: umbesitzen, umbsitzen


anasittjan

anasittjan (infinitive)
anasittjannjas (genitive infinitive)
anasittjannjē (dative infinitive)
anasittjannju (infinitive instrumental)
anasittju (first-person present singular)
anasat (first-person past singular)
anasitiʀi (present second-person singular)
anasātī (past second-person singular)
anasitidi (present singular third-person)
anasat (past singular third-person)
anasittjum (first-person plural present)
anasātum (first-person past plural)
anasitid (plural present second-person)
anasātud (past plural second-person)
anasittjand (plural present third-person)
anasātun (past plural third-person)
anasittjē (first-person present singular)
anasātī (first-person past singular)
anasittjēs (present second-person singular)
anasittjē (present singular third-person)
anasātī (past singular third-person)
anasittjēm (first-person plural present)
anasātīm (first-person past plural)
anasittjēþ (plural present second-person)
anasātīd (past plural second-person)
anasittjēn (plural present third-person)
anasātīn (past plural third-person)
anasiti (present singular)
anasitid (plural present)
anasittjandī (participle present)
anasetan (participle past)

Old English: onsittan

Old Saxon: *anasittian

Middle Low German: anesitten

Old Dutch: *anasitten

Middle Dutch: anesitten, aensitten

Old High German: anasizzen

Middle High German: anesitzen

From *ana- (“on”) + *sittjan (“to sit”).


abasittjan

abasittjan (infinitive)
abasittjannjas (genitive infinitive)
abasittjannjē (dative infinitive)
abasittjannju (infinitive instrumental)
abasittju (first-person present singular)
abasat (first-person past singular)
abasitiʀi (present second-person singular)
abasātī (past second-person singular)
abasitidi (present singular third-person)
abasat (past singular third-person)
abasittjum (first-person plural present)
abasātum (first-person past plural)
abasitid (plural present second-person)
abasātud (past plural second-person)
abasittjand (plural present third-person)
abasātun (past plural third-person)
abasittjē (first-person present singular)
abasātī (first-person past singular)
abasittjēs (present second-person singular)
abasittjē (present singular third-person)
abasātī (past singular third-person)
abasittjēm (first-person plural present)
abasātīm (first-person past plural)
abasittjēþ (plural present second-person)
abasātīd (past plural second-person)
abasittjēn (plural present third-person)
abasātīn (past plural third-person)
abasiti (present singular)
abasitid (plural present)
abasittjandī (participle present)
abasetan (participle past)

Old English: ofsittan (“to sit upon, occupy, possess”)

Old Frisian: ofsitta (“dismount”)

Old Saxon: ofsittian, afsittian (“to possess”)

Middle Low German: afsitten (“to sit down”)

Old Dutch: *afsitten

Middle Dutch: afsitten

Dutch: afzitten

Old High German: *abasizzen

Middle High German: abesitzen, absitzen (“dismount”)

German: absitzen

From *aba- (“off”) + *sittjan (“to sit”).


undarsittjan

undarsittjan (infinitive)
undarsittjannjas (genitive infinitive)
undarsittjannjē (dative infinitive)
undarsittjannju (infinitive instrumental)
undarsittju (first-person present singular)
undarsat (first-person past singular)
undarsitiʀi (present second-person singular)
undarsātī (past second-person singular)
undarsitidi (present singular third-person)
undarsat (past singular third-person)
undarsittjum (first-person plural present)
undarsātum (first-person past plural)
undarsitid (plural present second-person)
undarsātud (past plural second-person)
undarsittjand (plural present third-person)
undarsātun (past plural third-person)
undarsittjē (first-person present singular)
undarsātī (first-person past singular)
undarsittjēs (present second-person singular)
undarsittjē (present singular third-person)
undarsātī (past singular third-person)
undarsittjēm (first-person plural present)
undarsātīm (first-person past plural)
undarsittjēþ (plural present second-person)
undarsātīd (past plural second-person)
undarsittjēn (plural present third-person)
undarsātīn (past plural third-person)
undarsiti (present singular)
undarsitid (plural present)
undarsittjandī (participle present)
undarsetan (participle past)

Old English: undersittan

Old Frisian: undersitta

Old Dutch: *forasitten

Middle Dutch: voresitten

Dutch: onderzitten

Old High German: untarsizzen

Middle High German: undersitzen

From *undar- (“under, between”) + *sittjan (“to sit”).


unþasittjan

unþasittjan (infinitive)
unþasittjannjas (genitive infinitive)
unþasittjannjē (dative infinitive)
unþasittjannju (infinitive instrumental)
unþasittju (first-person present singular)
unþasat (first-person past singular)
unþasitiʀi (present second-person singular)
unþasātī (past second-person singular)
unþasitidi (present singular third-person)
unþasat (past singular third-person)
unþasittjum (first-person plural present)
unþasātum (first-person past plural)
unþasitid (plural present second-person)
unþasātud (past plural second-person)
unþasittjand (plural present third-person)
unþasātun (past plural third-person)
unþasittjē (first-person present singular)
unþasātī (first-person past singular)
unþasittjēs (present second-person singular)
unþasittjē (present singular third-person)
unþasātī (past singular third-person)
unþasittjēm (first-person plural present)
unþasātīm (first-person past plural)
unþasittjēþ (plural present second-person)
unþasātīd (past plural second-person)
unþasittjēn (plural present third-person)
unþasātīn (past plural third-person)
unþasiti (present singular)
unþasitid (plural present)
unþasittjandī (participle present)
unþasetan (participle past)

Old Saxon: *undsittian, *andsittian

desc

Middle Low German: entsitten, ensitten, untsitten

Old Dutch: *antsitten

Middle Dutch: *ontsitten

Dutch: ontzitten (archaic)

Old High German: intsizzen

Middle High German: entsitzen, insitzen

German: entsitzen (archaic)

From *unþa- (“away”) + *sittjan (“to sit”).


niþersittjan

niþersittjan (infinitive)
niþersittjannjas (genitive infinitive)
niþersittjannjē (dative infinitive)
niþersittjannju (infinitive instrumental)
niþersittju (first-person present singular)
niþersat (first-person past singular)
niþersitiʀi (present second-person singular)
niþersātī (past second-person singular)
niþersitidi (present singular third-person)
niþersat (past singular third-person)
niþersittjum (first-person plural present)
niþersātum (first-person past plural)
niþersitid (plural present second-person)
niþersātud (past plural second-person)
niþersittjand (plural present third-person)
niþersātun (past plural third-person)
niþersittjē (first-person present singular)
niþersātī (first-person past singular)
niþersittjēs (present second-person singular)
niþersittjē (present singular third-person)
niþersātī (past singular third-person)
niþersittjēm (first-person plural present)
niþersātīm (first-person past plural)
niþersittjēþ (plural present second-person)
niþersātīd (past plural second-person)
niþersittjēn (plural present third-person)
niþersātīn (past plural third-person)
niþersiti (present singular)
niþersitid (plural present)
niþersittjandī (participle present)
niþersetan (participle past)

Old Saxon: *nitharsittian

Middle Low German: nēdersitten, neddersitten

Old Dutch: *nithersitten

Middle Dutch: nedersitten

Dutch: nederzitten (archaic), neerzitten

Old High German: nidarsizzen

Middle High German: nidersitzen, nideresitzen

German: niedersitzen (archaic)

From *niþer- (“down, downwards”) + *sittjan (“to sit”).


lāgōn

lāgōn (infinitive)
lāgōnijas (genitive infinitive)
lāgōnijē (dative infinitive)
lāgōniju (infinitive instrumental)
lāgō (first-person present singular)
lāgōdā (first-person past singular)
lāgōs (present second-person singular)
lāgōdēs (past second-person singular)
lāgōdōs (past second-person singular)
lāgōþ (present singular third-person)
lāgōdē (past singular third-person)
lāgōdā (past singular third-person)
lāgōm (first-person plural present)
lāgōdum (first-person past plural)
lāgōþ (plural present second-person)
lāgōdud (past plural second-person)
lāgōnþ (plural present third-person)
lāgōdun (past plural third-person)
lāgōdī (first-person past singular)
lāgōdī (past second-person singular)
lāgō (present singular third-person)
lāgōdī (past singular third-person)
lāgōdīm (first-person past plural)
lāgōdīd (past plural second-person)
lāgōn (plural present third-person)
lāgōdīn (past plural third-person)
lāgō (present singular)
lāgōþ (plural present)
lāgōndī (participle present)
lāgōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *lāgōn

Middle Low German: lâgen

Old Dutch: *lāgon

Middle Dutch: lâgen

Dutch: lagen (obsolete)

⇒ Middle Dutch: belâgen

Dutch: belagen

Old High German: lāgōn, lāgēn

Middle High German: lāgen


uppasittjan

uppasittjan (infinitive)
uppasittjannjas (genitive infinitive)
uppasittjannjē (dative infinitive)
uppasittjannju (infinitive instrumental)
uppasittju (first-person present singular)
uppasat (first-person past singular)
uppasitiʀi (present second-person singular)
uppasātī (past second-person singular)
uppasitidi (present singular third-person)
uppasat (past singular third-person)
uppasittjum (first-person plural present)
uppasātum (first-person past plural)
uppasitid (plural present second-person)
uppasātud (past plural second-person)
uppasittjand (plural present third-person)
uppasātun (past plural third-person)
uppasittjē (first-person present singular)
uppasātī (first-person past singular)
uppasittjēs (present second-person singular)
uppasittjē (present singular third-person)
uppasātī (past singular third-person)
uppasittjēm (first-person plural present)
uppasātīm (first-person past plural)
uppasittjēþ (plural present second-person)
uppasātīd (past plural second-person)
uppasittjēn (plural present third-person)
uppasātīn (past plural third-person)
uppasiti (present singular)
uppasitid (plural present)
uppasittjandī (participle present)
uppasetan (participle past)

Old Frisian: uppasitta, uppesitta

Old Saxon: upsittian, uppsittian

Middle Low German: upsitten

Plautdietsch: oppsetten

Old Dutch: *ūpsitten

Middle Dutch: opsitten

Dutch: opzitten

Old High German: ūfsizzen

Middle High German: ūfsitzen

German: aufsitzen

From *uppa- (“up, above”) + *sittjan (“to sit”).


laubēn

laubēn (infinitive)
laubēnijas (genitive infinitive)
laubēnijē (dative infinitive)
laubēniju (infinitive instrumental)
laubē (first-person present singular)
laub?dā (first-person past singular)
laubēs (present second-person singular)
laub?dēs (past second-person singular)
laubēþ (present singular third-person)
laub?dē (past singular third-person)
laub?dā (past singular third-person)
laubēm (first-person plural present)
laub?dum (first-person past plural)
laubēþ (plural present second-person)
laub?dud (past plural second-person)
laubēnþ (plural present third-person)
laub?dun (past plural third-person)
laub?dī (first-person past singular)
laub?dī (past second-person singular)
laubē (present singular third-person)
laub?dī (past singular third-person)
laub?dīm (first-person past plural)
laub?dīd (past plural second-person)
laubēn (plural present third-person)
laub?dīn (past plural third-person)
laubē (present singular)
laubēþ (plural present)
laubēndī (participle present)
laub?d (participle past)

Old English: *lēafian

Middle English: leven

Old Saxon: *lōvōn

Middle Low German: lôven

desctree

Old Dutch: *lōvon
Middle Dutch: lôven
⇒ Dutch: geloofd

Old High German: loubēn, loubōn

Middle High German: louben

German: lauben


uppagangan

uppagangan (infinitive)
uppagangannjas (genitive infinitive)
uppagangannjē (dative infinitive)
uppagangannju (infinitive instrumental)
uppagangu (first-person present singular)
uppageang (first-person past singular)
uppagangiʀi (present second-person singular)
uppageangī (past second-person singular)
uppagangidi (present singular third-person)
uppageang (past singular third-person)
uppagangum (first-person plural present)
uppageangum (first-person past plural)
uppagangid (plural present second-person)
uppageangud (past plural second-person)
uppagangand (plural present third-person)
uppageangun (past plural third-person)
uppagangē (first-person present singular)
uppageangī (first-person past singular)
uppagangēs (present second-person singular)
uppagangē (present singular third-person)
uppageangī (past singular third-person)
uppagangēm (first-person plural present)
uppageangīm (first-person past plural)
uppagangēþ (plural present second-person)
uppageangīd (past plural second-person)
uppagangēn (plural present third-person)
uppageangīn (past plural third-person)
uppagang (present singular)
uppagangid (plural present)
uppagangandī (participle present)
uppagangan (participle past)

Old English: upgangan

Old Frisian: uppagunga, uppegunga

Old Saxon: *upgangan

Middle Low German: *upgangen

Plautdietsch: oppgonen

Old High German: ūfgangan

From *uppa- (“up, above”) + *gangan (“to go”).


uppawerpan

uppawerpan (infinitive)
uppawerpannjas (genitive infinitive)
uppawerpannjē (dative infinitive)
uppawerpannju (infinitive instrumental)
uppawerpu (first-person present singular)
uppawarp (first-person past singular)
uppawirpiʀi (present second-person singular)
uppawurpī (past second-person singular)
uppawirpidi (present singular third-person)
uppawarp (past singular third-person)
uppawerpum (first-person plural present)
uppawurpum (first-person past plural)
uppawirpid (plural present second-person)
uppawurpud (past plural second-person)
uppawerpand (plural present third-person)
uppawurpun (past plural third-person)
uppawerpē (first-person present singular)
uppawurpī (first-person past singular)
uppawerpēs (present second-person singular)
uppawerpē (present singular third-person)
uppawurpī (past singular third-person)
uppawerpēm (first-person plural present)
uppawurpīm (first-person past plural)
uppawerpēþ (plural present second-person)
uppawurpīd (past plural second-person)
uppawerpēn (plural present third-person)
uppawurpīn (past plural third-person)
uppawirp (present singular)
uppawirpid (plural present)
uppawerpandī (participle present)
uppaworpan (participle past)

Old Frisian: uppawerpa, uppewerpa

Old Saxon: *upwerpan

Middle Low German: upwerpen

Old Dutch: *ūpwerpan

Middle Dutch: opwerpen

Dutch: opwerpen

Old High German: ūfwerfan

Middle High German: ūfwerfen

German: aufwerfen

From *uppa- (“up, above”) + *werpan (“to throw”).


uppakweman

uppakweman (infinitive)
uppakwemannjas (genitive infinitive)
uppakwemannjē (dative infinitive)
uppakwemannju (infinitive instrumental)
uppakwemu (first-person present singular)
uppakwam (first-person past singular)
uppakwimiʀi (present second-person singular)
uppakwāmī (past second-person singular)
uppakwimidi (present singular third-person)
uppakwam (past singular third-person)
uppakwemum (first-person plural present)
uppakwāmum (first-person past plural)
uppakwimid (plural present second-person)
uppakwāmud (past plural second-person)
uppakwemand (plural present third-person)
uppakwāmun (past plural third-person)
uppakwemē (first-person present singular)
uppakwāmī (first-person past singular)
uppakwemēs (present second-person singular)
uppakwemē (present singular third-person)
uppakwāmī (past singular third-person)
uppakwemēm (first-person plural present)
uppakwāmīm (first-person past plural)
uppakwemēþ (plural present second-person)
uppakwāmīd (past plural second-person)
uppakwemēn (plural present third-person)
uppakwāmīn (past plural third-person)
uppakwim (present singular)
uppakwimid (plural present)
uppakwemandī (participle present)
uppakuman (participle past)

desctree

Old English: upcuman
Middle English: upcomen
English: upcome

Old Saxon: *upkuman

Middle Low German: upkōmen, upkomen

Old Dutch: *ūpcuman

Middle Dutch: opcomen

Dutch: opkomen
Afrikaans: opkom
Negerhollands: kom op

Old High German: ūfkweman, ūfqueman

Middle High German: ūfkomen, ūfquemen

German: aufkommen

From *uppa- (“up, above”) + *kweman (“to come”).


uppahabbjan

uppahabbjan (infinitive)
uppahabbjannjas (genitive infinitive)
uppahabbjannjē (dative infinitive)
uppahabbjannju (infinitive instrumental)
uppahabbju (first-person present singular)
uppahabdā (first-person past singular)
uppahabēs (present second-person singular)
uppahabdēs (past second-person singular)
uppahabdōs (past second-person singular)
uppahabēþ (present singular third-person)
uppahabdē (past singular third-person)
uppahabdā (past singular third-person)
uppahabbjum (first-person plural present)
uppahabdum (first-person past plural)
uppahabēþ (plural present second-person)
uppahabdud (past plural second-person)
uppahabbjanþ (plural present third-person)
uppahabdun (past plural third-person)
uppahabbjē (first-person present singular)
uppahabdī (first-person past singular)
uppahabbjēs (present second-person singular)
uppahabdī (past second-person singular)
uppahabbjē (present singular third-person)
uppahabdī (past singular third-person)
uppahabbjēm (first-person plural present)
uppahabdīm (first-person past plural)
uppahabbjēþ (plural present second-person)
uppahabdīd (past plural second-person)
uppahabbjēn (plural present third-person)
uppahabdīn (past plural third-person)
uppahabē (present singular)
uppahabēþ (plural present)
uppahabbjandī (participle present)
uppahabd (participle past)

Old English: uphebban

Old Frisian: uphebba, upheffa, opheva

Old Saxon: uphebbian

Middle Low German: uphebben

Plautdietsch: ophaben

Old Dutch: *ūphebben

Middle Dutch: ophebben

Dutch: ophebben

Old High German: ūfhabēn, ūfhaben

Middle High German: ūfkomen, ūfquemen

German: aufhaben

From *uppa- (“up, above”) + *habbjan (“to have”).


upparakkjan

upparakkjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
upparakkjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
upparakkjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
upparakkjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
upparakkju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
upparakidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
upparakisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
upparakidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
upparakidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
upparakiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
upparakidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
upparakidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
upparakkjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
upparakidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
upparakiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
upparakidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
upparakkjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
upparakidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
upparakkjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
upparakidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
upparakkjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
upparakidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
upparakkjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
upparakidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
upparakkjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
upparakidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
upparakkjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
upparakidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
upparakkjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
upparakidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
upparaki (class-1 present singular weak)
upparakiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
upparakkjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
upparakid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: upreċċan

Old Frisian: upreka, upretza

Old Saxon: *uprekkian

Middle Low German: uprecken

Old Dutch: *ūprecken

Middle Dutch: oprecken

Dutch: oprekken

→ Indonesian: oprék

Old High German: ūfrekken, ūfrecken

Middle High German: ūfrecken

German: aufrecken

From *uppa- (“up, above”) + *rakkjan (“to stretch”).


angustēn

angustēn (infinitive)
angustēnijas (genitive infinitive)
angustēnijē (dative infinitive)
angustēniju (infinitive instrumental)
angustē (first-person present singular)
angust?dā (first-person past singular)
angustēs (present second-person singular)
angust?dēs (past second-person singular)
angustēþ (present singular third-person)
angust?dē (past singular third-person)
angust?dā (past singular third-person)
angustēm (first-person plural present)
angust?dum (first-person past plural)
angustēþ (plural present second-person)
angust?dud (past plural second-person)
angustēnþ (plural present third-person)
angust?dun (past plural third-person)
angust?dī (first-person past singular)
angust?dī (past second-person singular)
angustē (present singular third-person)
angust?dī (past singular third-person)
angust?dīm (first-person past plural)
angust?dīd (past plural second-person)
angustēn (plural present third-person)
angust?dīn (past plural third-person)
angustē (present singular)
angustēþ (plural present)
angustēndī (participle present)
angust?d (participle past)

Old Saxon: *angustōn

desc

Middle Low German: angesten, angsten, anxten

→ Old Norse: angistast

desctree

Old Dutch: *anguston
Middle Dutch: angsten, ancsten, anxten
Dutch: angsten

Old High German: angustēn, angustōn

Middle High German: angesten

German: angsten, ängsten

From *angusti (“narrowness, fear”) + *-ēn.


kausōn

kausōn (infinitive)
kausōnijas (genitive infinitive)
kausōnijē (dative infinitive)
kausōniju (infinitive instrumental)
kausō (first-person present singular)
kausōdā (first-person past singular)
kausōs (present second-person singular)
kausōdēs (past second-person singular)
kausōdōs (past second-person singular)
kausōþ (present singular third-person)
kausōdē (past singular third-person)
kausōdā (past singular third-person)
kausōm (first-person plural present)
kausōdum (first-person past plural)
kausōþ (plural present second-person)
kausōdud (past plural second-person)
kausōnþ (plural present third-person)
kausōdun (past plural third-person)
kausōdī (first-person past singular)
kausōdī (past second-person singular)
kausō (present singular third-person)
kausōdī (past singular third-person)
kausōdīm (first-person past plural)
kausōdīd (past plural second-person)
kausōn (plural present third-person)
kausōdīn (past plural third-person)
kausō (present singular)
kausōþ (plural present)
kausōndī (participle present)
kausōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *kōsōn

Middle Low German: kôsen

Old Dutch: *cōson

Middle Dutch: côsen

Dutch: kozen

q

→ Old Frisian: kōsia (could also be borrowed from Low or High German)

West Frisian: koezje, kuozje

Old High German: kōsōn, kōsēn

Middle High German: kōsen

German: kosen


wana-

desctree

Old English: wan-
Middle English: wan-, won-
English: wan-
Scots: wan-

Old Frisian: wan-, won-

Saterland Frisian: won-

West Frisian: wan-

Old Saxon: wan-

Middle Low German: wan-, wān-

German Low German: wahn-

Old Dutch: *wan-

Middle Dutch: wan-, waen-

Dutch: wan-

Old High German: wana-, wan-

Middle High German: wane-, wan-, wān-

German: wahn-

From Proto-Germanic *wana-, from Proto-Germanic *wanaz.


geldō

geldō (nominative singular)
geldan (nominative plural)
geldan (accusative singular)
geldan (accusative plural)
gildini (genitive singular)
geldan (genitive singular)
geldanō (genitive plural)
gildini (dative singular)
geldan (dative singular)
geldum (dative plural)
gildini (instrumental singular)
geldan (instrumental singular)
geldum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġielda, ġylda

Middle English: yelde, ȝulde

Old Frisian: jelda

Old Saxon: *geldo (attested in Old Saxon biorgeldo)

Middle Low German: gelde

Old High German: *gelto (attested in Old High German zinsgelto)

Middle High German: gelte

German: Gelte


massjā

massjā (nominative singular)
massjōn (nominative plural)
massjōn (accusative singular)
massjōn (accusative plural)
massjōn (genitive singular)
massjōnō (genitive plural)
massjōn (dative singular)
massjōm (dative plural)
massjum (dative plural)
massjōn (instrumental singular)
massjōm (instrumental plural)
massjum (instrumental plural)

*massikīn, *massjukīn

Saterland Frisian: Mäsken

*massing

*massīn

Old Dutch: *messa

Middle Dutch: mes

Old High German: *messa

Middle High German: messe, mess

Unknown. See also Persian مس (mis, “copper”).


golþamassing

golþamassing (nominative singular)
golþamassingō (nominative plural)
golþamassingōs (nominative plural)
golþamassing (accusative singular)
golþamassingā (accusative plural)
golþamassingas (genitive singular)
golþamassingō (genitive plural)
golþamassingē (dative singular)
golþamassingum (dative plural)
golþamassingu (instrumental singular)
golþamassingum (instrumental plural)

Old English: goldmæstling, goldmestling, goldmæslinc (altered by -ling, intrusive -t-)
Middle English: goldmessing

Old Saxon: goldmessing

desc

Old High German: goldmessing, goldmessinc

From *golþ (“gold”) + *massing (“brass”).


wedrōn

wedrōn (infinitive)
wedrōnijas (genitive infinitive)
wedrōnijē (dative infinitive)
wedrōniju (infinitive instrumental)
wedrō (first-person present singular)
wedrōdā (first-person past singular)
wedrōs (present second-person singular)
wedrōdēs (past second-person singular)
wedrōdōs (past second-person singular)
wedrōþ (present singular third-person)
wedrōdē (past singular third-person)
wedrōdā (past singular third-person)
wedrōm (first-person plural present)
wedrōdum (first-person past plural)
wedrōþ (plural present second-person)
wedrōdud (past plural second-person)
wedrōnþ (plural present third-person)
wedrōdun (past plural third-person)
wedrōdī (first-person past singular)
wedrōdī (past second-person singular)
wedrō (present singular third-person)
wedrōdī (past singular third-person)
wedrōdīm (first-person past plural)
wedrōdīd (past plural second-person)
wedrōn (plural present third-person)
wedrōdīn (past plural third-person)
wedrō (present singular)
wedrōþ (plural present)
wedrōndī (participle present)
wedrōd (participle past)

Old English: wederian, wedrian

Middle English: wederen

>? Middle English: wideren (to shrivel, dry up)

English: wither

Old Frisian: widria

Old Saxon: *wedarōn

Middle Low German: wēderen, wedderen

Old Dutch: *wedaron

Middle Dutch: wēderen

Dutch: wederen, weren

Old High German: *wetarōn

Middle High German: wēteren, wētern

German: wettern

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *wedrōną. Equivalent to *wedr (“weather”) + *-ōn.

to be in a particular state (of the weather)


þilljōn

þilljōn (infinitive)
þilljōnijas (genitive infinitive)
þilljōnijē (dative infinitive)
þilljōniju (infinitive instrumental)
þilljō (first-person present singular)
þilljōdā (first-person past singular)
þilljōs (present second-person singular)
þilljōdēs (past second-person singular)
þilljōdōs (past second-person singular)
þilljōþ (present singular third-person)
þilljōdē (past singular third-person)
þilljōdā (past singular third-person)
þilljōm (first-person plural present)
þilljōdum (first-person past plural)
þilljōþ (plural present second-person)
þilljōdud (past plural second-person)
þilljōnþ (plural present third-person)
þilljōdun (past plural third-person)
þilljōdī (first-person past singular)
þilljōdī (past second-person singular)
þilljō (present singular third-person)
þilljōdī (past singular third-person)
þilljōdīm (first-person past plural)
þilljōdīd (past plural second-person)
þilljōn (plural present third-person)
þilljōdīn (past plural third-person)
þilljō (present singular)
þilljōþ (plural present)
þilljōndī (participle present)
þilljōd (participle past)

Old English: þillian, þilian, þelian, þillan, þyllan

q

>? Middle English: thillen (to put (a horse) between the shafts of a cart)

→⇒? Medieval Latin: tilitāre

Old French: tilater (Anglo-Norman)

→⇒ Middle English: tilating

Old Saxon: *thilliōn

⇒ Middle Low German: bedēlen

Old Dutch: *thilon

Middle Dutch: dēlen

Old High German: *dillōn

Middle High German: dillen

German: dielen

⇒ Old High German: gidillōn

From Proto-Germanic *þiljōną. Equivalent to *þillju (“board, plank”) + *-ōn.


gurgulōn

gurgulōn (infinitive)
gurgulōnijas (genitive infinitive)
gurgulōnijē (dative infinitive)
gurgulōniju (infinitive instrumental)
gurgulō (first-person present singular)
gurgulōdā (first-person past singular)
gurgulōs (present second-person singular)
gurgulōdēs (past second-person singular)
gurgulōdōs (past second-person singular)
gurgulōþ (present singular third-person)
gurgulōdē (past singular third-person)
gurgulōdā (past singular third-person)
gurgulōm (first-person plural present)
gurgulōdum (first-person past plural)
gurgulōþ (plural present second-person)
gurgulōdud (past plural second-person)
gurgulōnþ (plural present third-person)
gurgulōdun (past plural third-person)
gurgulōdī (first-person past singular)
gurgulōdī (past second-person singular)
gurgulō (present singular third-person)
gurgulōdī (past singular third-person)
gurgulōdīm (first-person past plural)
gurgulōdīd (past plural second-person)
gurgulōn (plural present third-person)
gurgulōdīn (past plural third-person)
gurgulō (present singular)
gurgulōþ (plural present)
gurgulōndī (participle present)
gurgulōd (participle past)

Old Frisian:

desc

West Frisian: guorrelje, guorlje, goarrelje

Old Saxon: *gorgulōn

Middle Low German: gorgelen, görgelen

Old Dutch: *gorgulon

Middle Dutch: gorgelen

Dutch: gorgelen

Afrikaans: gorrel

q

→? English: gurgle (Could be borrowed from Low or High German instead. Influenced by gargle)

Old High German: gurgilōn

desc

Middle High German: gurgelen, gurgeln, gorgelen, gorgeln

German: gurgeln

From *gurgulā (“windpipe, gullet”) + *-ōn.


gamak

gamak (masculine nominative singular)
gamaku (feminine nominative singular)
gamak (neuter nominative singular)
gamakanā (accusative masculine singular)
gamakā (accusative feminine singular)
gamak (accusative neuter singular)
gamakas (genitive masculine singular)
gamakeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
gamakas (genitive neuter singular)
gamakumē (dative masculine singular)
gamakeʀē (dative feminine singular)
gamakumē (dative neuter singular)
gamaku (instrumental masculine singular)
gamakeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
gamaku (instrumental neuter singular)
gamakē (masculine nominative plural)
gamakō (feminine nominative plural)
gamaku (neuter nominative plural)
gamakā (accusative masculine plural)
gamakā (accusative feminine plural)
gamaku (accusative neuter plural)
gamakeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
gamakeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
gamakeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
gamakēm (dative masculine plural)
gamakum (dative masculine plural)
gamakēm (dative feminine plural)
gamakum (dative feminine plural)
gamakēm (dative neuter plural)
gamakum (dative neuter plural)
gamakēm (instrumental masculine plural)
gamakum (instrumental masculine plural)
gamakēm (feminine instrumental plural)
gamakum (feminine instrumental plural)
gamakēm (instrumental neuter plural)
gamakum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: ġemæc
Middle English: *imeche
⇒ Middle English: imecheliche, imececheliche (adverb)

Old Saxon: *gimak

Middle Low German: gemak

Old Dutch: *gimac

Middle Dutch: gemac

Old High German: gimah

Middle High German: gemach

German: gemach


turnijan

turnijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
turnijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
turnijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
turnijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
turniju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
turnidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
turnisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
turnidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
turnidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
turniþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
turnidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
turnidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
turnijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
turnidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
turniþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
turnidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
turnijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
turnidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
turnijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
turnidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
turnijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
turnidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
turnijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
turnidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
turnijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
turnidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
turnijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
turnidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
turnijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
turnidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
turni (class-1 present singular weak)
turniþ (class-1 plural present weak)
turnijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
turnid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: tyrnan
Middle English: tyrnen, ternen, turnen
English: turn
Scots: tirn, turn

Old High German: turnen

Borrowed from Latin torniō (“to turn, lathe”).


tiarōn

tiarōn (infinitive)
tiarōnijas (genitive infinitive)
tiarōnijē (dative infinitive)
tiarōniju (infinitive instrumental)
tiarō (first-person present singular)
tiarōdā (first-person past singular)
tiarōs (present second-person singular)
tiarōdēs (past second-person singular)
tiarōdōs (past second-person singular)
tiarōþ (present singular third-person)
tiarōdē (past singular third-person)
tiarōdā (past singular third-person)
tiarōm (first-person plural present)
tiarōdum (first-person past plural)
tiarōþ (plural present second-person)
tiarōdud (past plural second-person)
tiarōnþ (plural present third-person)
tiarōdun (past plural third-person)
tiarōdī (first-person past singular)
tiarōdī (past second-person singular)
tiarō (present singular third-person)
tiarōdī (past singular third-person)
tiarōdīm (first-person past plural)
tiarōdīd (past plural second-person)
tiarōn (plural present third-person)
tiarōdīn (past plural third-person)
tiarō (present singular)
tiarōþ (plural present)
tiarōndī (participle present)
tiarōd (participle past)

Old Frisian:

West Frisian: tjirgje, tjirje, tiere

Old Saxon: *tiarōn

Middle Low German: tēren

Old Dutch: *tiaron

Middle Dutch: tieren

Dutch: tieren

Old High German: ziarōn, zierōn

Middle High German: zieren

German: zieren

→ Middle Dutch: cieren, tsieren, sieren

Dutch: sieren


laþungu

laþungu (nominative singular)
laþungiwi (nominative plural)
laþungō (nominative plural)
laþungu (accusative singular)
laþungū (accusative plural)
laþungō (genitive singular)
laþungiwō (genitive plural)
laþungiwi (dative singular)
laþungō (dative singular)
laþungum (dative plural)
laþungu (instrumental singular)
laþungum (instrumental plural)

Old English: laþung
Middle English: laðung, laþung, laðunge, laþinge, lathinge
English: lathing

Old Frisian: lathinge

Saterland Frisian: Ledenge

⇒ Saterland Frisian: Ienledenge

Old Saxon: *lathunga

Middle Low German: lādinge

German Low German: Ladung

⇒ Middle Low German: *inlādinge

German Low German: Inlading

Old Dutch: *lathunga

Middle Dutch: ladinge

Dutch: lading

Old High German: ladunga

Middle High German: ladunge

German: Ladung

desc

⇒ Middle High German: inladunge, īnladunge

German: Einladung


hoʀdōn

hoʀdōn (infinitive)
hoʀdōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hoʀdōnijē (dative infinitive)
hoʀdōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hoʀdō (first-person present singular)
hoʀdōdā (first-person past singular)
hoʀdōs (present second-person singular)
hoʀdōdēs (past second-person singular)
hoʀdōdōs (past second-person singular)
hoʀdōþ (present singular third-person)
hoʀdōdē (past singular third-person)
hoʀdōdā (past singular third-person)
hoʀdōm (first-person plural present)
hoʀdōdum (first-person past plural)
hoʀdōþ (plural present second-person)
hoʀdōdud (past plural second-person)
hoʀdōnþ (plural present third-person)
hoʀdōdun (past plural third-person)
hoʀdōdī (first-person past singular)
hoʀdōdī (past second-person singular)
hoʀdō (present singular third-person)
hoʀdōdī (past singular third-person)
hoʀdōdīm (first-person past plural)
hoʀdōdīd (past plural second-person)
hoʀdōn (plural present third-person)
hoʀdōdīn (past plural third-person)
hoʀdō (present singular)
hoʀdōþ (plural present)
hoʀdōndī (participle present)
hoʀdōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: hordian
Middle English: horden
English: hoard
Scots: hurde, hurd

Old High German: *hortōn

Middle High German: *horten, horden

German: horten

⇒ Middle High German: behorden

⇒ Middle High German: gehorden

⇒ Middle High German: horderen, hordern

⇒ Middle High German: ūfhorden

⇒ Old High German: *hortilōn

Middle High German: *hörtelen, hördelen

hürten

Old High German: *hurten; Middle High German


īp

īp (nominative singular)
īpiʀu (nominative plural)
īp (accusative singular)
īpiʀu (accusative plural)
īpiʀi (genitive singular)
īpiʀō (genitive plural)
īpiʀi (dative singular)
īpiʀum (dative plural)
īpiʀi (instrumental singular)
īpiʀum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *īp sg, *īper pl

West Frisian: yp

Saterland Frisian: Ieper

Old Saxon: *īp sg, *īper pl

Middle Low German: *īper

German Low German: Iper

Old Dutch: *īp sg, *īper pl

Middle Dutch: *iep, *ijp sg, *ieper pl

Dutch: iep m
Afrikaans: iep
→ German: Äp (dialectal)

West Flemish: iper, yper m or f

Old High German: *īpir pl

Middle High German: īper f

German: Iper (dialectal)


senēn

senēn (infinitive)
senēnijas (genitive infinitive)
senēnijē (dative infinitive)
senēniju (infinitive instrumental)
senē (first-person present singular)
sen?dā (first-person past singular)
senēs (present second-person singular)
sen?dēs (past second-person singular)
senēþ (present singular third-person)
sen?dē (past singular third-person)
sen?dā (past singular third-person)
senēm (first-person plural present)
sen?dum (first-person past plural)
senēþ (plural present second-person)
sen?dud (past plural second-person)
senēnþ (plural present third-person)
sen?dun (past plural third-person)
sen?dī (first-person past singular)
sen?dī (past second-person singular)
senē (present singular third-person)
sen?dī (past singular third-person)
sen?dīm (first-person past plural)
sen?dīd (past plural second-person)
senēn (plural present third-person)
sen?dīn (past plural third-person)
senē (present singular)
senēþ (plural present)
senēndī (participle present)
sen?d (participle past)

Old English: seonian

Old Saxon: *senon

Middle Low German: senen

Old High German: senēn

Middle High German: senen

German: sehnen

Unclear, possibly from *sinu (“sinew”) + *-ēn, in the sense 'to become like a sinew, become tense'.


audagōn

audagōn (infinitive)
audagōnijas (genitive infinitive)
audagōnijē (dative infinitive)
audagōniju (infinitive instrumental)
audagō (first-person present singular)
audagōdā (first-person past singular)
audagōs (present second-person singular)
audagōdēs (past second-person singular)
audagōdōs (past second-person singular)
audagōþ (present singular third-person)
audagōdē (past singular third-person)
audagōdā (past singular third-person)
audagōm (first-person plural present)
audagōdum (first-person past plural)
audagōþ (plural present second-person)
audagōdud (past plural second-person)
audagōnþ (plural present third-person)
audagōdun (past plural third-person)
audagōdī (first-person past singular)
audagōdī (past second-person singular)
audagō (present singular third-person)
audagōdī (past singular third-person)
audagōdīm (first-person past plural)
audagōdīd (past plural second-person)
audagōn (plural present third-person)
audagōdīn (past plural third-person)
audagō (present singular)
audagōþ (plural present)
audagōndī (participle present)
audagōd (participle past)

Old English: ēadgian, ēadigian

Old High German: *ōtagōn

⇒ Old High German: giōtagōn

From Proto-Germanic *audagōną. Equivalent to *audag (“wealthy”) + *-ōn.


rustagēn

rustagēn (infinitive)
rustagēnijas (genitive infinitive)
rustagēnijē (dative infinitive)
rustagēniju (infinitive instrumental)
rustagē (first-person present singular)
rustag?dā (first-person past singular)
rustagēs (present second-person singular)
rustag?dēs (past second-person singular)
rustagēþ (present singular third-person)
rustag?dē (past singular third-person)
rustag?dā (past singular third-person)
rustagēm (first-person plural present)
rustag?dum (first-person past plural)
rustagēþ (plural present second-person)
rustag?dud (past plural second-person)
rustagēnþ (plural present third-person)
rustag?dun (past plural third-person)
rustag?dī (first-person past singular)
rustag?dī (past second-person singular)
rustagē (present singular third-person)
rustag?dī (past singular third-person)
rustag?dīm (first-person past plural)
rustag?dīd (past plural second-person)
rustagēn (plural present third-person)
rustag?dīn (past plural third-person)
rustagē (present singular)
rustagēþ (plural present)
rustagēndī (participle present)
rustag?d (participle past)

Old Saxon: *rustagon

Middle Low German: rustigen, rostigen

Old Dutch: *rustigon, *ruostigon

Middle Dutch: rostigen, roestigen

Old High German: rustagēn


hūsō

hūsō (nominative singular)
hūsan (nominative plural)
hūsan (accusative singular)
hūsan (accusative plural)
hūsini (genitive singular)
hūsan (genitive singular)
hūsanō (genitive plural)
hūsini (dative singular)
hūsan (dative singular)
hūsum (dative plural)
hūsini (instrumental singular)
hūsan (instrumental singular)
hūsum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *hūsa

Middle English: huse (or borrowed from Medieval Latin hūsō)

Old Saxon: *hūso

desc

Middle Low German: hûse, huze, huyse, husen

Old Dutch: *hūso

Middle Dutch: huus

Dutch: huis

desctree

Old High German: hūso, hūs, huso
Middle High German: hūse
German: Hausen, Hause (archaic)
→ English: hawsom (obsolete)

→ Latin: hūsō

→ Proto-Slavic: *vyzъ (see there for further descendants)


karpō

karpō (nominative singular)
karpan (nominative plural)
karpan (accusative singular)
karpan (accusative plural)
karpini (genitive singular)
karpan (genitive singular)
karpanō (genitive plural)
karpini (dative singular)
karpan (dative singular)
karpum (dative plural)
karpini (instrumental singular)
karpan (instrumental singular)
karpum (instrumental plural)

>? Old English: *carpa

Middle English: carpe, karp (or from Old French carpe)
English: carp
Scots: cairp

Old Saxon: *karpo

Middle Low German: karpe, kerpe m or f

→ Danish: karpe

→ Faroese: karpe

→ Norwegian: karpe

→ Swedish: karp

→ Finnish: karppi

Old Dutch: *karpo

Middle Dutch: carpe, carper, carpere (and Old French carpe)

Dutch: karper
Afrikaans: karp
→ West Frisian: karper
→ Indonesian: karper

desc

Old High German: karpfo, karpf m, karpfa f

Middle Dutch: karpfe, karpe m

German: Karpfen

→? Proto-Slavic: *korpъ (see there for further descendants)

Presumably borrowed from Late Latin carpa (“carp”). Also note Old Norse karfi (“red-fish, red sea-perch”).


frawundōn

frawundōn (infinitive)
frawundōnijas (genitive infinitive)
frawundōnijē (dative infinitive)
frawundōniju (infinitive instrumental)
frawundō (first-person present singular)
frawundōdā (first-person past singular)
frawundōs (present second-person singular)
frawundōdēs (past second-person singular)
frawundōdōs (past second-person singular)
frawundōþ (present singular third-person)
frawundōdē (past singular third-person)
frawundōdā (past singular third-person)
frawundōm (first-person plural present)
frawundōdum (first-person past plural)
frawundōþ (plural present second-person)
frawundōdud (past plural second-person)
frawundōnþ (plural present third-person)
frawundōdun (past plural third-person)
frawundōdī (first-person past singular)
frawundōdī (past second-person singular)
frawundō (present singular third-person)
frawundōdī (past singular third-person)
frawundōdīm (first-person past plural)
frawundōdīd (past plural second-person)
frawundōn (plural present third-person)
frawundōdīn (past plural third-person)
frawundō (present singular)
frawundōþ (plural present)
frawundōndī (participle present)
frawundōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: forwundian
Middle English: forwunden, forwounden
English: forwound

Old Frisian: *forwundia

Saterland Frisian: ferwúundje

West Frisian: ferwûnje

Old Saxon: *farwundōn
Middle Low German: vörwunden, vorwunden
German Low German: verwunden, verwunnen

Old Dutch: *farwundon

Middle Dutch: verwonden

Dutch: verwonden

Old High German: *firwuntōn

desc

Middle High German: virwunden, vorwunden, verwunden

German: verwunden


wiþrasprekan

wiþrasprekan (infinitive)
wiþrasprekannjas (genitive infinitive)
wiþrasprekannjē (dative infinitive)
wiþrasprekannju (infinitive instrumental)
wiþraspreku (first-person present singular)
wiþrasprak (first-person past singular)
wiþrasprikiʀi (present second-person singular)
wiþrasprākī (past second-person singular)
wiþrasprikidi (present singular third-person)
wiþrasprak (past singular third-person)
wiþrasprekum (first-person plural present)
wiþrasprākum (first-person past plural)
wiþrasprikid (plural present second-person)
wiþrasprākud (past plural second-person)
wiþrasprekand (plural present third-person)
wiþrasprākun (past plural third-person)
wiþrasprekē (first-person present singular)
wiþrasprākī (first-person past singular)
wiþrasprekēs (present second-person singular)
wiþrasprekē (present singular third-person)
wiþrasprākī (past singular third-person)
wiþrasprekēm (first-person plural present)
wiþrasprākīm (first-person past plural)
wiþrasprekēþ (plural present second-person)
wiþrasprākīd (past plural second-person)
wiþrasprekēn (plural present third-person)
wiþrasprākīn (past plural third-person)
wiþrasprik (present singular)
wiþrasprikid (plural present)
wiþrasprekandī (participle present)
wiþrasprekan (participle past)

Old English: *wiþersprecan

⇒ Old English: wiþersprecend

Old Frisian: witherspreka

Saterland Frisian: wierspreeke, wíerspreeke

West Frisian: wjersprekke

Old Saxon: *witharsprekan

Middle Low German: wedderspreken, weddersprēken

Low German: wederspreken, wedderspreken

Old Dutch: *witharsprekan

Middle Dutch: wederspreken, weerspreken

Dutch: weerspreken

Afrikaans: weerspreek

Old High German: widarsprehhan

Middle High German: widersprechen

German: widersprechen


spīralink

spīralink (nominative singular)
spīralinkō (nominative plural)
spīralinkōs (nominative plural)
spīralink (accusative singular)
spīralinkā (accusative plural)
spīralinkas (genitive singular)
spīralinkō (genitive plural)
spīralinkē (dative singular)
spīralinkum (dative plural)
spīralinku (instrumental singular)
spīralinkum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *spīrrink

West Frisian: spierring, spjirring

Old Saxon: spīrlinc

Middle Low German: spîrlinc, spîrlink, spîrink, spirink

German: Spiering, Spierling

→ Danish: sperling

Middle High German: sperlinc

Old Dutch: spierink

Middle Dutch: spierlinc, spierinc

Dutch: spierling, spiering

→ English: spearing

→ French: spirlin

→ Scots: spirling

→ Old French: esperlenc, esperlinge, espirlinge, espelens

French: éperlan (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle English: esperlinge

English: sparling, sperling

→ Latin: sperlingus, spirlingus, sparlingus


flonþr

flonþr (nominative singular)
flonþru (nominative plural)
flonþr (accusative singular)
flonþru (accusative plural)
flonþras (genitive singular)
flonþrō (genitive plural)
flonþrē (dative singular)
flonþrum (dative plural)
flonþru (instrumental singular)
flonþrum (instrumental plural)

Old Dutch: *flonder

Middle Dutch: vlonder

desctree

Dutch: vlonder
→ German: Funder (dialectal)

From Proto-Germanic *flunþrą (“board, something flat”).


flunþrijā

flunþrijā (nominative singular)
flunþrijōn (nominative plural)
flunþrijōn (accusative singular)
flunþrijōn (accusative plural)
flunþrijōn (genitive singular)
flunþrijōnō (genitive plural)
flunþrijōn (dative singular)
flunþrijōm (dative plural)
flunþrijum (dative plural)
flunþrijōn (instrumental singular)
flunþrijōm (instrumental plural)
flunþrijum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *fluntheria, *flunthera

Middle Low German: flundere, vlunder

desc

German Low German: Flunder, Flunner, Flinder, Flinger, Flonder

→ German: Flunder, Flünder

→ Bavarian: Flunder

→ Czech: flundra

→ Polish: flądra

→ Swabian: Flander

→ Swedish: flunder

From Proto-Germanic *flunþrijǭ. Equivalent to *flonþr (“board, plank”) + *-jā.

flatfish; flounder; European flounder, white fluke (Platichthys flesus)


halbafisk

halbafisk (nominative singular)
halbafiskō (nominative plural)
halbafiskōs (nominative plural)
halbafisk (accusative singular)
halbafiskā (accusative plural)
halbafiskas (genitive singular)
halbafiskō (genitive plural)
halbafiskē (dative singular)
halbafiskum (dative plural)
halbafisku (instrumental singular)
halbafiskum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: halffisk

Middle Low German: halfvisch, halfvisk

Old High German: halbfisk, halbfisc

Middle Dutch: halpvisch, halfisch


flōk

flōk (nominative singular)
flōku (nominative plural)
flōk (accusative singular)
flōku (accusative plural)
flōkas (genitive singular)
flōkō (genitive plural)
flōkē (dative singular)
flōkum (dative plural)
flōku (instrumental singular)
flōkum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: flōc
Middle English: floke, fluke, flewke
English: fluke
Scots: fluke, fluik

Old Saxon: flōc

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat”).


buttjā

buttjā (nominative singular)
buttjōn (nominative plural)
buttjōn (accusative singular)
buttjōn (accusative plural)
buttjōn (genitive singular)
buttjōnō (genitive plural)
buttjōn (dative singular)
buttjōm (dative plural)
buttjum (dative plural)
buttjōn (instrumental singular)
buttjōm (instrumental plural)
buttjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bytte, bytt

desc

Middle English: bit, bitte, bytte, butte

English: butt

Old Saxon: *butta, *buttia

Middle Low German: bütte, butte

German Low German: Büüe, Bütte, Bütt

Old Dutch: *butta

Middle Dutch: botte

Dutch: botte

Old High German: *butta f, butto m

Middle High German: büte, bütte, bute f

German: Bütte, Bütt

Yiddish: ביט (bit)

→? Proto-Slavic: *bъči (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin *buttia (“cask, barrel”). Possible doublet of *budinu.


hailagabuttjō

hailagabuttjō (nominative singular)
hailagabuttjan (nominative plural)
hailagabuttjan (accusative singular)
hailagabuttjan (accusative plural)
hailagabuttjini (genitive singular)
hailagabuttjan (genitive singular)
hailagabuttjanō (genitive plural)
hailagabuttjini (dative singular)
hailagabuttjan (dative singular)
hailagabuttjum (dative plural)
hailagabuttjini (instrumental singular)
hailagabuttjan (instrumental singular)
hailagabuttjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *hāliġbytta

desctree

Middle English: halibut (or calqued from Middle Dutch)
English: halibut
Scots: halibutte, halybutt

Old Saxon: *hēlagbutto

desc

Middle Low German: *hêlbutte, *hêlbutt, *hiligbutt

German Low German: Helbutt, Hellbütt, Hiliggbutt

→ German: Heilbutt, Heiligebutt

→ Danish: helleflynder (calque)

→ Swedish: hälleflundra (calque)

Old Dutch: *heiligbutta

Middle Dutch: heilbot

desctree

Dutch: heilbot
→ French: elbot (dialectal)

West Flemish: helebut

From *hailag (“holy”) + *buttjō (“flatfish”), named for it's connection to Lent.

Hippoglossus hippoglossus
Hippoglossus hippoglossus

Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus)


buttjō

buttjō (nominative singular)
buttjan (nominative plural)
buttjan (accusative singular)
buttjan (accusative plural)
buttjini (genitive singular)
buttjan (genitive singular)
buttjanō (genitive plural)
buttjini (dative singular)
buttjan (dative singular)
buttjum (dative plural)
buttjini (instrumental singular)
buttjan (instrumental singular)
buttjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *bytta

Middle English: butte, but

Old Frisian: *butta

West Frisian: bot

Old Saxon: *butto

Middle Low German: butte, but, bud

German Low German: Bütt

→ German: Butt

→ Danish: bøtte

→ Swedish: butta

desc

⇒ Middle Low German: stēnbut, steinbut, stēnbutte, steinbutte

→ German: Steinbutt

⇒ Middle Low German: *tornbutte

→ Old French: turbot, torbot, turbut

→ Middle English: turbot, turbut

English: turbot

→ Old Swedish: törnbut

Old Dutch: *butta

Middle Dutch: but, bot

Dutch: bot

Old High German: *butzo

Middle High German: *butze

Alemannic German: Butz

⇒ Alemannic German: Butzli

⇒ Old High German: agabūz

flatfish, flounder, European flounder (Platichthys flesus


stadōn

stadōn (infinitive)
stadōnijas (genitive infinitive)
stadōnijē (dative infinitive)
stadōniju (infinitive instrumental)
stadō (first-person present singular)
stadōdā (first-person past singular)
stadōs (present second-person singular)
stadōdēs (past second-person singular)
stadōdōs (past second-person singular)
stadōþ (present singular third-person)
stadōdē (past singular third-person)
stadōdā (past singular third-person)
stadōm (first-person plural present)
stadōdum (first-person past plural)
stadōþ (plural present second-person)
stadōdud (past plural second-person)
stadōnþ (plural present third-person)
stadōdun (past plural third-person)
stadōdī (first-person past singular)
stadōdī (past second-person singular)
stadō (present singular third-person)
stadōdī (past singular third-person)
stadōdīm (first-person past plural)
stadōdīd (past plural second-person)
stadōn (plural present third-person)
stadōdīn (past plural third-person)
stadō (present singular)
stadōþ (plural present)
stadōndī (participle present)
stadōd (participle past)

Old English: *stadian

Middle English: staden, stadden

Old Saxon: *stadōn

Middle Low German: stāden

Old Dutch: *stadon

Middle Dutch: stāden

Dutch: staden (obsolete)

Old High German: statōn

Middle High German: stāten


skorēn

skorēn (infinitive)
skorēnijas (genitive infinitive)
skorēnijē (dative infinitive)
skorēniju (infinitive instrumental)
skorē (first-person present singular)
skor?dā (first-person past singular)
skorēs (present second-person singular)
skor?dēs (past second-person singular)
skorēþ (present singular third-person)
skor?dē (past singular third-person)
skor?dā (past singular third-person)
skorēm (first-person plural present)
skor?dum (first-person past plural)
skorēþ (plural present second-person)
skor?dud (past plural second-person)
skorēnþ (plural present third-person)
skor?dun (past plural third-person)
skor?dī (first-person past singular)
skor?dī (past second-person singular)
skorē (present singular third-person)
skor?dī (past singular third-person)
skor?dīm (first-person past plural)
skor?dīd (past plural second-person)
skorēn (plural present third-person)
skor?dīn (past plural third-person)
skorē (present singular)
skorēþ (plural present)
skorēndī (participle present)
skor?d (participle past)

Old English: sċeorian, sċorian

Middle English: shoren

English: shore

Old Frisian: *skoria

West Frisian: skoarje

desctree

Old Dutch: *scoron
Middle Dutch: schōren
Dutch: schoren

Old High German: skorrēn, scorrēn

Middle High German: schorren


frafalskōn

frafalskōn (infinitive)
frafalskōnijas (genitive infinitive)
frafalskōnijē (dative infinitive)
frafalskōniju (infinitive instrumental)
frafalskō (first-person present singular)
frafalskōdā (first-person past singular)
frafalskōs (present second-person singular)
frafalskōdēs (past second-person singular)
frafalskōdōs (past second-person singular)
frafalskōþ (present singular third-person)
frafalskōdē (past singular third-person)
frafalskōdā (past singular third-person)
frafalskōm (first-person plural present)
frafalskōdum (first-person past plural)
frafalskōþ (plural present second-person)
frafalskōdud (past plural second-person)
frafalskōnþ (plural present third-person)
frafalskōdun (past plural third-person)
frafalskōdī (first-person past singular)
frafalskōdī (past second-person singular)
frafalskō (present singular third-person)
frafalskōdī (past singular third-person)
frafalskōdīm (first-person past plural)
frafalskōdīd (past plural second-person)
frafalskōn (plural present third-person)
frafalskōdīn (past plural third-person)
frafalskō (present singular)
frafalskōþ (plural present)
frafalskōndī (participle present)
frafalskōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: forfalskia

West Frisian: ferfalskje

Old Saxon: *farfalskōn

desc

Middle Low German: vörvelschen, vorvelschen, vorvalschen

→ Danish: forfalske

→ Swedish: förfalska

Old Dutch:

q

or derived from <i class="Latn mention" lang="dum">valsch</i>

Middle Dutch: vervalschen ([1370-1378], or derived from valsch)

Dutch: vervalsen

Old High German: *farfalskōn

desc

Middle High German: vörvelschen, vorvelschen, vorvalschen

German: verfälschen

Luxembourgish: verfälschen


falskōn

falskōn (infinitive)
falskōnijas (genitive infinitive)
falskōnijē (dative infinitive)
falskōniju (infinitive instrumental)
falskō (first-person present singular)
falskōdā (first-person past singular)
falskōs (present second-person singular)
falskōdēs (past second-person singular)
falskōdōs (past second-person singular)
falskōþ (present singular third-person)
falskōdē (past singular third-person)
falskōdā (past singular third-person)
falskōm (first-person plural present)
falskōdum (first-person past plural)
falskōþ (plural present second-person)
falskōdud (past plural second-person)
falskōnþ (plural present third-person)
falskōdun (past plural third-person)
falskōdī (first-person past singular)
falskōdī (past second-person singular)
falskō (present singular third-person)
falskōdī (past singular third-person)
falskōdīm (first-person past plural)
falskōdīd (past plural second-person)
falskōn (plural present third-person)
falskōdīn (past plural third-person)
falskō (present singular)
falskōþ (plural present)
falskōndī (participle present)
falskōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: falskia

⇒ Old Frisian: bifalskia

Old Saxon:

Middle High German: velschen, valschen

Old Dutch:

Middle Dutch: valschen, velschen, valsen

Old High German: falskōn, falsken, felsken

Middle High German: velschen, felschen

German: fälschen

⇒ Old High German: gifalskōn, gifelsken (“to prove wrong”)

Middle High German: gevelschen, gevalschen, gefelschen, gefalschen

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin *falscō, *falsicō, from Latin falsificō (“to make false, falsify, counterfeit”). Alternatively dissimilated from earlier *falsiskōn, from Latin falsum (“falsehood, forgery”) + *-isk (adjectival suffix) + *-ōn (factitive verb suffix).


falskī

falskī (masculine nominative singular)
falskiju (feminine nominative singular)
falskī (neuter nominative singular)
falskijanā (accusative masculine singular)
falskijā (accusative feminine singular)
falskī (accusative neuter singular)
falskijas (genitive masculine singular)
falskijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
falskijas (genitive neuter singular)
falskijumē (dative masculine singular)
falskijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
falskijumē (dative neuter singular)
falskiju (instrumental masculine singular)
falskijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
falskiju (instrumental neuter singular)
falskijē (masculine nominative plural)
falskijō (feminine nominative plural)
falskiju (neuter nominative plural)
falskijā (accusative masculine plural)
falskijā (accusative feminine plural)
falskiju (accusative neuter plural)
falskijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
falskijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
falskijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
falskijēm (dative masculine plural)
falskijum (dative masculine plural)
falskijēm (dative feminine plural)
falskijum (dative feminine plural)
falskijēm (dative neuter plural)
falskijum (dative neuter plural)
falskijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
falskijum (instrumental masculine plural)
falskijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
falskijum (feminine instrumental plural)
falskijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
falskijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Frisian: falsk

Saterland Frisian: falsk

West Frisian: falsck

Old Saxon: *falski

desctree

Middle Low German: valsch
→ Danish: falsk
→ Faroese: falskur
→ Icelandic: falskur
→ Norwegian: falsk
→ Swedish: falsk

Old Dutch: *falski

Middle Dutch: valsch
Dutch: vals
Afrikaans: vals
Indonesian: fals, pales
Negerhollands: valsch, vals
Limburgish: valsj

Old High German: *falski

desc

Middle High German: valsch, falsch, velsch, felsch

Bavarian: foisch

Cimbrian: valtz, baltz (Mezzaselva)

German: falsch (see there for further descendants)

Luxembourgish: falsch

Yiddish: פֿאַלש (falsh)

→ Hungarian: fals

→ Polish: fałsz

→ Romanian: falș

From *falskōn (“to falsify, counterfeit”) + *-ī (adjective suffix). Alternatively reconstructed as *falsk, dissimilated from earlier *falsisk, from Latin falsum (“falsehood, forgery”) + *-isk (adjectival suffix).


puff-

Old English: pyffanMiddle English: puffen


magaþukīn

magaþukīn (nominative singular)
magaþukīnu (nominative plural)
magaþukīn (accusative singular)
magaþukīnu (accusative plural)
magaþukīnas (genitive singular)
magaþukīnō (genitive plural)
magaþukīnē (dative singular)
magaþukīnum (dative plural)
magaþukīnu (instrumental singular)
magaþukīnum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *magathikīn

desc

Middle Low German: mēgedeken, megedekīn, megediken, megdiken, metgen, megeken

German Low German: Mäken (Altmark, Freilingen, Lippe), Meken (Brilon, Lippe), Meäken (Dortmund, Niedersfeld), Miaken (Olpe, Ravensberg), Mache, Mäche, Mächen (Prussia), Miäken (Sauerländ), Mägen (Wedemark), Meädchen (Wenden)

Plautdietsch: Mäke

Old Dutch: *magithikīn

Middle Dutch: meiskijn, meskijn, maagdekijn, maagdeken

Dutch: meisje, maagdje, meisken, meisie, meissie

Old High German: *magadihhīn

Middle High German: magedichīn, meidichīn

German: Mädchen, Mägdchen (obsolete)


teudr

teudr (nominative singular)
teudru (nominative plural)
teudr (accusative singular)
teudru (accusative plural)
teudras (genitive singular)
teudrō (genitive plural)
teudrē (dative singular)
teudrum (dative plural)
teudru (instrumental singular)
teudrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *tēoder

Middle English: teder, tether (possibly merged with Old Norse)

Scots: tedder, tether

English: tether

→ Scottish Gaelic: teadhair

desctree

>? Old English: tūdor, tuddor, tudder
Middle English: tuder

Old Frisian: tiāder, tiēder

North Frisian: tjodder, tjudder

Saterland Frisian: Tjudder

West Frisian: tsjoar

Old Saxon: tiothar, tūdar

Middle Low German: tûder, tudder

German Low German: Tüder, Töder, Tider

Old Dutch: tūdar

Middle Dutch: tuder, tudder, tuyer

Dutch: tuier, teier

Old High German: ziotar

Middle High German: zieter

German: Zieter


sakkil

sakkil (nominative singular)
sakkilō (nominative plural)
sakkilōs (nominative plural)
sakkil (accusative singular)
sakkilā (accusative plural)
sakkilas (genitive singular)
sakkilō (genitive plural)
sakkilē (dative singular)
sakkilum (dative plural)
sakkilu (instrumental singular)
sakkilum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: sekkil

Middle Low German: seckel, sekkel

German Low German: Säckel (Prussia)

Old Dutch: *sakkil, *sekkil

Middle Dutch: sackel, seckel, zeckel

Dutch: zakkel

desc

Old High German: sekkil, seckil, sehhil m, sekkila, seckila f

Middle High German: seckel

German: Säckel

From Latin saccellus and adjusted by suffix *-il, *-ilā. Equivalent to *sakku + *-il, *-ilā.

seckelīn

Old High German: sekkilīn, seckilīn; Middle High German


haisēn

haisēn (infinitive)
haisēnijas (genitive infinitive)
haisēnijē (dative infinitive)
haisēniju (infinitive instrumental)
haisē (first-person present singular)
hais?dā (first-person past singular)
haisēs (present second-person singular)
hais?dēs (past second-person singular)
haisēþ (present singular third-person)
hais?dē (past singular third-person)
hais?dā (past singular third-person)
haisēm (first-person plural present)
hais?dum (first-person past plural)
haisēþ (plural present second-person)
hais?dud (past plural second-person)
haisēnþ (plural present third-person)
hais?dun (past plural third-person)
hais?dī (first-person past singular)
hais?dī (past second-person singular)
haisē (present singular third-person)
hais?dī (past singular third-person)
hais?dīm (first-person past plural)
hais?dīd (past plural second-person)
haisēn (plural present third-person)
hais?dīn (past plural third-person)
haisē (present singular)
haisēþ (plural present)
haisēndī (participle present)
hais?d (participle past)

Old English: hāsian

Old High German: heisēn

Middle High German: heisen


sakku

sakku (nominative singular)
sakkwō (nominative plural)
sakkwōs (nominative plural)
sakku (accusative singular)
sakkwā (accusative plural)
sakkwas (genitive singular)
sakkwō (genitive plural)
sakkwē (dative singular)
sakkum (dative plural)
sakku (instrumental singular)
sakkum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sæcc, sacc

Middle English: sak, sek

English: sack (see there for further descendants)

Scots: seck

Old Frisian: sekk, sekke

Saterland Frisian: Säk

West Frisian: sek

Old Saxon: sak

Middle Low German: sak, sack

German Low German: Sack

Plautdietsch: Sak

Old Dutch: sac

desctree

Middle Dutch: sac
Dutch: zak
Afrikaans: sak
→ Fwe: mà-sákà (via Lozi)
→ Zulu: saka
Fanagalo: saka
Berbice Creole Dutch: saka
Negerhollands: sak, saku, sakko
Skepi Creole Dutch: sak
→ Lokono: sâka
→ Caribbean Javanese: sak
→ Kari'na: saki
→ Indonesian: sak, saku
→ Munsee: shàkiinótay
→ Saramaccan: sáku
→ Sranan Tongo: saka
→ Caribbean Hindustani: sáká
→ Caribbean Javanese: sakah
Limburgish: zak

Old High German: sakk, sack, sak, sac

Middle High German: sac

German: Sack

Luxembourgish: Sak

Yiddish: זאַק (zak)

→ Hungarian: zsák


īlu

īlu (nominative singular)
īlō (nominative plural)
īlā (accusative singular)
īlā (accusative plural)
īlā (genitive singular)
īlō (genitive plural)
īlē (dative singular)
īlōm (dative plural)
īlum (dative plural)
īlu (instrumental singular)
īlōm (instrumental plural)
īlum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: īle

Old Saxon: *īla

Middle Low German: īle

desc

German Low German: Iele, Üile, Uile, Üle, Iel

Old Dutch: *īla

Middle Dutch: īle

Dutch: ijl

desctree

Old High German: īla
Middle High German: īle
German: Eile

Unknown; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to go”).


īlīg

īlīg (masculine nominative singular)
īlīgu (feminine nominative singular)
īlīg (neuter nominative singular)
īlīganā (accusative masculine singular)
īlīgā (accusative feminine singular)
īlīg (accusative neuter singular)
īlīgas (genitive masculine singular)
īlīgeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
īlīgas (genitive neuter singular)
īlīgumē (dative masculine singular)
īlīgeʀē (dative feminine singular)
īlīgumē (dative neuter singular)
īlīgu (instrumental masculine singular)
īlīgeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
īlīgu (instrumental neuter singular)
īlīgē (masculine nominative plural)
īlīgō (feminine nominative plural)
īlīgu (neuter nominative plural)
īlīgā (accusative masculine plural)
īlīgā (accusative feminine plural)
īlīgu (accusative neuter plural)
īlīgeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
īlīgeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
īlīgeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
īlīgēm (dative masculine plural)
īlīgum (dative masculine plural)
īlīgēm (dative feminine plural)
īlīgum (dative feminine plural)
īlīgēm (dative neuter plural)
īlīgum (dative neuter plural)
īlīgēm (instrumental masculine plural)
īlīgum (instrumental masculine plural)
īlīgēm (feminine instrumental plural)
īlīgum (feminine instrumental plural)
īlīgēm (instrumental neuter plural)
īlīgum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Saxon: *īlīg

Middle Low German: īlich, lich

Old Dutch: *īlīg

Middle Dutch: *īlich

Dutch: ijlig

Old High German: īlīg

desc

Middle High German: īlig, ilg, īlic, īlec

German: eilig

From *īlijan (“to hasten”) or *īlu (“haste, eagerness”) + *-g.


tīdijan

tīdijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
tīdijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
tīdijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
tīdijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
tīdiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tīdidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tīdisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tīdidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tīdidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tīdiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tīdidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tīdidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tīdijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tīdidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tīdiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tīdidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tīdijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tīdidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tīdijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tīdidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tīdijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tīdidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tīdijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tīdidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tīdijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tīdidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tīdijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tīdidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tīdijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tīdidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tīdi (class-1 present singular weak)
tīdiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
tīdijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
tīdid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: tīdan
Middle English: tiden, tide
English: tide
Scots: tide

q

Old Frisian: tīdia (moved to the second weak class, possibly from a pre-form *tīdōn instead)

Old Saxon: *tīdian

Middle Low German: tīden

Old Dutch: *tīden

Middle Dutch: tiden

Dutch: tijen, tijden, tijgen (obsolete, possibly merged with the descendant of *teuhaną)

Old High German: *zīten

Middle High German: zīten

⇒ Old High German: gizīten

From Proto-Germanic *tīdijaną. Equivalent to *tīdi (“time”) + *-jan.


hnipōn

hnipōn (infinitive)
hnipōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hnipōnijē (dative infinitive)
hnipōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hnipō (first-person present singular)
hnipōdā (first-person past singular)
hnipōs (present second-person singular)
hnipōdēs (past second-person singular)
hnipōdōs (past second-person singular)
hnipōþ (present singular third-person)
hnipōdē (past singular third-person)
hnipōdā (past singular third-person)
hnipōm (first-person plural present)
hnipōdum (first-person past plural)
hnipōþ (plural present second-person)
hnipōdud (past plural second-person)
hnipōnþ (plural present third-person)
hnipōdun (past plural third-person)
hnipōdī (first-person past singular)
hnipōdī (past second-person singular)
hnipō (present singular third-person)
hnipōdī (past singular third-person)
hnipōdīm (first-person past plural)
hnipōdīd (past plural second-person)
hnipōn (plural present third-person)
hnipōdīn (past plural third-person)
hnipō (present singular)
hnipōþ (plural present)
hnipōndī (participle present)
hnipōd (participle past)

Old English: hnipian

Middle English: nipen


wainag

wainag (masculine nominative singular)
wainagu (feminine nominative singular)
wainag (neuter nominative singular)
wainaganā (accusative masculine singular)
wainagā (accusative feminine singular)
wainag (accusative neuter singular)
wainagas (genitive masculine singular)
wainageʀā (feminine genitive singular)
wainagas (genitive neuter singular)
wainagumē (dative masculine singular)
wainageʀē (dative feminine singular)
wainagumē (dative neuter singular)
wainagu (instrumental masculine singular)
wainageʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
wainagu (instrumental neuter singular)
wainagē (masculine nominative plural)
wainagō (feminine nominative plural)
wainagu (neuter nominative plural)
wainagā (accusative masculine plural)
wainagā (accusative feminine plural)
wainagu (accusative neuter plural)
wainageʀō (genitive masculine plural)
wainageʀō (feminine genitive plural)
wainageʀō (genitive neuter plural)
wainagēm (dative masculine plural)
wainagum (dative masculine plural)
wainagēm (dative feminine plural)
wainagum (dative feminine plural)
wainagēm (dative neuter plural)
wainagum (dative neuter plural)
wainagēm (instrumental masculine plural)
wainagum (instrumental masculine plural)
wainagēm (feminine instrumental plural)
wainagum (feminine instrumental plural)
wainagēm (instrumental neuter plural)
wainagum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Saxon: *weinag, *wēnag

Middle Low German: wēnich, weinich

desc

German Low German: wennig, wenig, wäinig, wänig

Plautdietsch: weinich

→ West Frisian: weinich

Old Dutch: *weinag, *wēnag

Middle Dutch: wenich, weinich

desctree

Dutch: weinig
Jersey Dutch: wääinix
Negerhollands: wenig, weinig
→ Kwinti: weiniki

Afrikaans: weinig

Old High German: wēnag
Middle High German: weinic, wēnec
Alemannic German: wänng
Swabian: weng
Central Franconian: winnig
German: wenig
Luxembourgish: wéineg
Yiddish: ווייניק (veynik)

From Proto-Germanic *wainagaz (“woeful, lamentable”). Equivalent to *wainōn (“to weep, lament”) + *-g.


tīmōn

tīmōn (infinitive)
tīmōnijas (genitive infinitive)
tīmōnijē (dative infinitive)
tīmōniju (infinitive instrumental)
tīmō (first-person present singular)
tīmōdā (first-person past singular)
tīmōs (present second-person singular)
tīmōdēs (past second-person singular)
tīmōdōs (past second-person singular)
tīmōþ (present singular third-person)
tīmōdē (past singular third-person)
tīmōdā (past singular third-person)
tīmōm (first-person plural present)
tīmōdum (first-person past plural)
tīmōþ (plural present second-person)
tīmōdud (past plural second-person)
tīmōnþ (plural present third-person)
tīmōdun (past plural third-person)
tīmōdī (first-person past singular)
tīmōdī (past second-person singular)
tīmō (present singular third-person)
tīmōdī (past singular third-person)
tīmōdīm (first-person past plural)
tīmōdīd (past plural second-person)
tīmōn (plural present third-person)
tīmōdīn (past plural third-person)
tīmō (present singular)
tīmōþ (plural present)
tīmōndī (participle present)
tīmōd (participle past)

Old English: *tīmian

Middle English: timen, tymen

English: time

⇒ Old English: getīmian

Middle English: itimien

⇒ Old English: mistīmian

From Proto-Germanic *tīmōną. Equivalent to *tīmō (“time”) + *-ōn.


wainōn

wainōn (infinitive)
wainōnijas (genitive infinitive)
wainōnijē (dative infinitive)
wainōniju (infinitive instrumental)
wainō (first-person present singular)
wainōdā (first-person past singular)
wainōs (present second-person singular)
wainōdēs (past second-person singular)
wainōdōs (past second-person singular)
wainōþ (present singular third-person)
wainōdē (past singular third-person)
wainōdā (past singular third-person)
wainōm (first-person plural present)
wainōdum (first-person past plural)
wainōþ (plural present second-person)
wainōdud (past plural second-person)
wainōnþ (plural present third-person)
wainōdun (past plural third-person)
wainōdī (first-person past singular)
wainōdī (past second-person singular)
wainō (present singular third-person)
wainōdī (past singular third-person)
wainōdīm (first-person past plural)
wainōdīd (past plural second-person)
wainōn (plural present third-person)
wainōdīn (past plural third-person)
wainō (present singular)
wainōþ (plural present)
wainōndī (participle present)
wainōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: wānian
Middle English: wanien, weinen, wonien, wonen
English: ween (Northern England)
Scots: ween

Old Frisian: wēnia, wainia, weinia

North Frisian: weynen

West Frisian: weine

Old Saxon: wēnon
Middle Low German: wēnen, weinen
German Low German: wenen
Low German: weynen

Old Dutch: wēnon
Middle Dutch: wênen
Dutch: wenen
Afrikaans: ween
Limburgish: weine, wiene, wèène

Old High German: weinōn
Middle High German: weinen
German: weinen

From Proto-Germanic *wainōną. Equivalent to *wai (“woe!”) + *-inōn.


budinu

budinu (nominative singular)
budinō (nominative plural)
budinā (accusative singular)
budinā (accusative plural)
budinā (genitive singular)
budinō (genitive plural)
budinē (dative singular)
budinōm (dative plural)
budinum (dative plural)
budinu (instrumental singular)
budinōm (instrumental plural)
budinum (instrumental plural)

Old English: byden

Old Saxon: budin

desc

Middle Low German: bȫdene, bodene, böden, boden, büddene, bodeme

Old High German: butinna, butina, butin

Middle High German: büten, buten, bütene

→ Proto-Slavic: *bъdьňa

Borrowed from Medieval Latin budina, from Ancient Greek πυτίνη (putínē, “flask”). Possible doublet of *buttjā.


leþr

leþr (nominative singular)
leþrō (nominative plural)
leþrōs (nominative plural)
leþr (accusative singular)
leþrā (accusative plural)
leþras (genitive singular)
leþrō (genitive plural)
leþrē (dative singular)
leþrum (dative plural)
leþru (instrumental singular)
leþrum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: leþer
Middle English: lether, lethere, lethir, lethyr, leþer, leþyr, leþir, leddyr, ledder, leddur, leddir, ledyr, leder
English: leather
Tok Pisin: let
→ Esperanto: ledo
→ Ido: ledro
Scots: lether, ledder, leither
Yola: luther (verb)

desc

Old Frisian: lether, leither, leder, lider, leer

Saterland Frisian: Leeder

West Frisian: leare

Old Saxon: lethar

Middle Low German: leder

German Low German: Leer

Low German: Ledder, Lier

Old Dutch: *lether

Middle Dutch: leder

desctree

Dutch: leer
Afrikaans: leer
Negerhollands: leër, leer
→ Aukan: leli
→ Sranan Tongo: leri

Old High German: leder

Middle High German: leder

German: Leder
→ Esperanto: ledo
→ Ido: ledro

Hunsrik: Letter

Luxembourgish: Lieder

Vilamovian: łaoder

Yiddish: לעדער (leder)


fį̄hlu

fį̄hlu (nominative singular)
fį̄hlō (nominative plural)
fį̄hlā (accusative singular)
fį̄hlā (accusative plural)
fį̄hlā (genitive singular)
fį̄hlō (genitive plural)
fį̄hlē (dative singular)
fį̄hlōm (dative plural)
fį̄hlum (dative plural)
fį̄hlu (instrumental singular)
fį̄hlōm (instrumental plural)
fį̄hlum (instrumental plural)

Old English: fīil, fīol, fēol, fēl

Middle English: file, fyle

English: file

Scots: file, fyle

Old Frisian: *fīle

Saterland Frisian: Fiele

West Frisian: file

Old Saxon: fīla

Middle Low German: vîle

German Low German: File

→ Swedish: fil

Old Dutch: *fīla

Middle Dutch: vile

Dutch: vijl
Afrikaans: vyl
Berbice Creole Dutch: feli
Negerhollands: feile
→ Aukan: fei
→ Caribbean Hindustani: feiri

Old High German: fīhala, fīgila, fīla

Middle High German: vīle

Cimbrian: faila

German: Feile

Luxembourgish: Feil

→ Proto-Slavic: *pĩlà (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Germanic *finhlō. Equivalent to *fį̄hlōn (“to file, polish”) + *-u.


kaldijā

kaldijā (nominative singular)
kaldijōn (nominative plural)
kaldijōn (accusative singular)
kaldijōn (accusative plural)
kaldijōn (genitive singular)
kaldijōnō (genitive plural)
kaldijōn (dative singular)
kaldijōm (dative plural)
kaldijum (dative plural)
kaldijōn (instrumental singular)
kaldijōm (instrumental plural)
kaldijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ċelde

From Proto-Germanic *kaldijǭ. Equivalent to *kald (“cold”) + *-jā (agent suffix).


haʀwō

haʀwō (nominative singular)
haʀwan (nominative plural)
haʀwan (accusative singular)
haʀwan (accusative plural)
haʀwini (genitive singular)
haʀwan (genitive singular)
haʀwanō (genitive plural)
haʀwini (dative singular)
haʀwan (dative singular)
haʀwum (dative plural)
haʀwini (instrumental singular)
haʀwan (instrumental singular)
haʀwum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *hearwa

⇒ Old English: Siġelhearwa

Old High German: *haro

⇒ Old High German: foraharo


paþōn

paþōn (infinitive)
paþōnijas (genitive infinitive)
paþōnijē (dative infinitive)
paþōniju (infinitive instrumental)
paþō (first-person present singular)
paþōdā (first-person past singular)
paþōs (present second-person singular)
paþōdēs (past second-person singular)
paþōdōs (past second-person singular)
paþōþ (present singular third-person)
paþōdē (past singular third-person)
paþōdā (past singular third-person)
paþōm (first-person plural present)
paþōdum (first-person past plural)
paþōþ (plural present second-person)
paþōdud (past plural second-person)
paþōnþ (plural present third-person)
paþōdun (past plural third-person)
paþōdī (first-person past singular)
paþōdī (past second-person singular)
paþō (present singular third-person)
paþōdī (past singular third-person)
paþōdīm (first-person past plural)
paþōdīd (past plural second-person)
paþōn (plural present third-person)
paþōdīn (past plural third-person)
paþō (present singular)
paþōþ (plural present)
paþōndī (participle present)
paþōd (participle past)

Old English: *pæþian

Middle English: pathen, path
English: path
Scots: paith

Old Saxon: *pathōn

Middle Low German: *pāden

⇒ Middle Low German: nāpāden, nāchpāden

Old Dutch: *pathon

Middle Dutch: pāden

Dutch: paden, padden (dialectal)

Old High German: pfadōn

Middle High German: pfaden


ātōn

ātōn (infinitive)
ātōnijas (genitive infinitive)
ātōnijē (dative infinitive)
ātōniju (infinitive instrumental)
ātō (first-person present singular)
ātōdā (first-person past singular)
ātōs (present second-person singular)
ātōdēs (past second-person singular)
ātōdōs (past second-person singular)
ātōþ (present singular third-person)
ātōdē (past singular third-person)
ātōdā (past singular third-person)
ātōm (first-person plural present)
ātōdum (first-person past plural)
ātōþ (plural present second-person)
ātōdud (past plural second-person)
ātōnþ (plural present third-person)
ātōdun (past plural third-person)
ātōdī (first-person past singular)
ātōdī (past second-person singular)
ātō (present singular third-person)
ātōdī (past singular third-person)
ātōdīm (first-person past plural)
ātōdīd (past plural second-person)
ātōn (plural present third-person)
ātōdīn (past plural third-person)
ātō (present singular)
ātōþ (plural present)
ātōndī (participle present)
ātōd (participle past)

Old Dutch: āton
Middle Dutch: âten

Old High German: āzōn


wāpnijan

wāpnijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
wāpnijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
wāpnijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
wāpnijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
wāpniju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wāpnidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wāpnisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wāpnidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wāpnidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wāpniþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wāpnidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wāpnidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wāpnijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wāpnidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wāpniþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wāpnidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wāpnijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wāpnidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wāpnijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wāpnidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wāpnijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wāpnidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wāpnijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wāpnidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wāpnijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wāpnidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wāpnijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wāpnidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wāpnijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wāpnidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wāpni (class-1 present singular weak)
wāpniþ (class-1 plural present weak)
wāpnijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
wāpnid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *wāpanian

Middle Low German: wēpenen

Old Dutch: *wāpanen (could be from *wēpnōną instead)

Middle Dutch: wāpenen

Dutch: wapenen

Old High German: wāfanen

Middle High German: wæfenen, weffenen

From Proto-Germanic *wēpnijaną. Equivalent to *wāpn (“weapon”) + *-jan.


wāpnōn

wāpnōn (infinitive)
wāpnōnijas (genitive infinitive)
wāpnōnijē (dative infinitive)
wāpnōniju (infinitive instrumental)
wāpnō (first-person present singular)
wāpnōdā (first-person past singular)
wāpnōs (present second-person singular)
wāpnōdēs (past second-person singular)
wāpnōdōs (past second-person singular)
wāpnōþ (present singular third-person)
wāpnōdē (past singular third-person)
wāpnōdā (past singular third-person)
wāpnōm (first-person plural present)
wāpnōdum (first-person past plural)
wāpnōþ (plural present second-person)
wāpnōdud (past plural second-person)
wāpnōnþ (plural present third-person)
wāpnōdun (past plural third-person)
wāpnōdī (first-person past singular)
wāpnōdī (past second-person singular)
wāpnō (present singular third-person)
wāpnōdī (past singular third-person)
wāpnōdīm (first-person past plural)
wāpnōdīd (past plural second-person)
wāpnōn (plural present third-person)
wāpnōdīn (past plural third-person)
wāpnō (present singular)
wāpnōþ (plural present)
wāpnōndī (participle present)
wāpnōd (participle past)

Old English: wǣpnian

Middle English: wepnen

English: weapon

Old Frisian: wēpenia

Old Saxon: *wāpanōn

Middle Low German: wāpenen

→ Middle High German: wâpenen, wōpenen

German: wappnen

Old Dutch: *wāpanon (could be from *wēpnijaną instead)

Middle Dutch: wâpenen

Dutch: wapenen

Old High German: wāfanōn

Middle High German: wāfenen

German: waffnen

From Proto-Germanic *wēpnōną. Equivalent to *wāpn (“weapon”) + *-ōn.


kaldanassī

kaldanassī (nominative singular)
kaldanassīn (accusative singular)
kaldanassīn (genitive singular)
kaldanassīn (dative singular)
kaldanassīn (instrumental singular)

Old English: ċealdnes, ċealdnys
Middle English: coldnesse, *caldnesse
English: coldness
Scots: caldnes, cauldnes

Old Frisian: *kaldnisse, *kaldense

West Frisian: kâldens

Old Saxon: *kaldnissi

desc

Middle Low German: koldenisse, kōldenisse

Old High German: kaltnissa

Middle High German: kaltnissa


smāhtōn

smāhtōn (infinitive)
smāhtōnijas (genitive infinitive)
smāhtōnijē (dative infinitive)
smāhtōniju (infinitive instrumental)
smāhtō (first-person present singular)
smāhtōdā (first-person past singular)
smāhtōs (present second-person singular)
smāhtōdēs (past second-person singular)
smāhtōdōs (past second-person singular)
smāhtōþ (present singular third-person)
smāhtōdē (past singular third-person)
smāhtōdā (past singular third-person)
smāhtōm (first-person plural present)
smāhtōdum (first-person past plural)
smāhtōþ (plural present second-person)
smāhtōdud (past plural second-person)
smāhtōnþ (plural present third-person)
smāhtōdun (past plural third-person)
smāhtōdī (first-person past singular)
smāhtōdī (past second-person singular)
smāhtō (present singular third-person)
smāhtōdī (past singular third-person)
smāhtōdīm (first-person past plural)
smāhtōdīd (past plural second-person)
smāhtōn (plural present third-person)
smāhtōdīn (past plural third-person)
smāhtō (present singular)
smāhtōþ (plural present)
smāhtōndī (participle present)
smāhtōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: *smāhtia

West Frisian: smachtsje, smachte

Old Saxon: *smāhtōn

Middle Low German: smachten

Old Dutch: *smāhton

Middle Dutch: smachten

Dutch: smachten

Old High German: *smāhtōn

Middle High German: *smahten

q

>? German: schmachten (Likely a novel formation based on Low German)

⇒ Middle High German: versmahten

German: verschmachten

desc

⇒ Old High German: gismāhtōn, gismāhteōn

From *smāht (“deprivation, lack, desire”) + *-ōn.