stalukōn

stalukōn (infinitive)
stalukōnijas (genitive infinitive)
stalukōnijē (dative infinitive)
stalukōniju (infinitive instrumental)
stalukō (first-person present singular)
stalukōdā (first-person past singular)
stalukōs (present second-person singular)
stalukōdēs (past second-person singular)
stalukōdōs (past second-person singular)
stalukōþ (present singular third-person)
stalukōdē (past singular third-person)
stalukōdā (past singular third-person)
stalukōm (first-person plural present)
stalukōdum (first-person past plural)
stalukōþ (plural present second-person)
stalukōdud (past plural second-person)
stalukōnþ (plural present third-person)
stalukōdun (past plural third-person)
stalukōdī (first-person past singular)
stalukōdī (past second-person singular)
stalukō (present singular third-person)
stalukōdī (past singular third-person)
stalukōdīm (first-person past plural)
stalukōdīd (past plural second-person)
stalukōn (plural present third-person)
stalukōdīn (past plural third-person)
stalukō (present singular)
stalukōþ (plural present)
stalukōndī (participle present)
stalukōd (participle past)

Old English: *stealcian

Middle English: stalken

English: stalk

Scots: stalk

⇒ Old English: bestealcian

⇒ Old English: stealcung, stalcung
Middle English: stalkyng, stalkynge
English: stalking
Scots: stalking

From Proto-Germanic *stalukōną, equivalent to *stalōn + *-ukōn (frequentative suffix).


swōnijan

swōnijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
swōnijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
swōnijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
swōnijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
swōniju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
swōnidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
swōnisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
swōnidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swōnidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swōniþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
swōnidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swōnidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swōnijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
swōnidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
swōniþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
swōnidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
swōnijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
swōnidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
swōnijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
swōnidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
swōnijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
swōnidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swōnijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
swōnidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swōnijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
swōnidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
swōnijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
swōnidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
swōnijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
swōnidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
swōni (class-1 present singular weak)
swōniþ (class-1 plural present weak)
swōnijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
swōnid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Frisian: sēna

Old Saxon: sōnian, *swōnian

Middle Low German: sȫnen, swȫnen

→ German: versöhnen

Old Dutch: *suonen

Middle Dutch: soenen

Dutch: zoenen

Old High German: suonen

Middle High German: süenen

German: sühnen

From *swōnu (“reconciliation, atonement”) + *-jan.


blautijan

blautijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
blautijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
blautijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
blautijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
blautiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
blautidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
blautisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
blautidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blautidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blautiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
blautidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blautidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blautijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
blautidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
blautiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
blautidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
blautijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
blautidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
blautijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
blautidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
blautijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
blautidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blautijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
blautidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blautijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
blautidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
blautijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
blautidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
blautijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
blautidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
blauti (class-1 present singular weak)
blautiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
blautijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
blautid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: blōtian

Middle Low German: blȫten

Old Dutch: *blōten

Middle Dutch: blôten

Dutch: bloten

Old High German: blōzen

Middle High German: blözen

German: blößen

From Proto-Germanic *blautijaną, equivalent to *blaut (“naked, weak, soft”) + *-jan.


skūmijan

skūmijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
skūmijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
skūmijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
skūmijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
skūmiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skūmidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skūmisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skūmidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skūmidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skūmiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skūmidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skūmidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skūmijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skūmidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skūmiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skūmidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skūmijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skūmidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skūmijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skūmidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skūmijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skūmidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skūmijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skūmidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skūmijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skūmidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skūmijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skūmidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skūmijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skūmidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skūmi (class-1 present singular weak)
skūmiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
skūmijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
skūmid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *scūmian

Middle Low German: schǖmen

Old Dutch: *scūmen

Middle Dutch: schumen

Dutch: schuimen

Afrikaans: skuim

Old High German: scūmen

Middle High German: schoumen

German: schäumen


snōrijan

snōrijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
snōrijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
snōrijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
snōrijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
snōriju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
snōridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
snōrisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
snōridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
snōridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
snōriþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
snōridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
snōridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
snōrijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
snōridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
snōriþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
snōridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
snōrijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
snōridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
snōrijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
snōridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
snōrijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
snōridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
snōrijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
snōridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
snōrijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
snōridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
snōrijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
snōridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
snōrijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
snōridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
snōri (class-1 present singular weak)
snōriþ (class-1 plural present weak)
snōrijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
snōrid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *snōrian

Middle Low German: snȫren

Old Dutch: *snuoren

Middle Dutch: snoeren

Dutch: snoeren

Old High German: *snuoren

Middle High German: snüeren

German: schnüren


skeuh

skeuh (masculine nominative singular)
skeuhu (feminine nominative singular)
skeuh (neuter nominative singular)
skeuhanā (accusative masculine singular)
skeuhā (accusative feminine singular)
skeuh (accusative neuter singular)
skeuhas (genitive masculine singular)
skeuheʀā (feminine genitive singular)
skeuhas (genitive neuter singular)
skeuhumē (dative masculine singular)
skeuheʀē (dative feminine singular)
skeuhumē (dative neuter singular)
skeuhu (instrumental masculine singular)
skeuheʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
skeuhu (instrumental neuter singular)
skeuhē (masculine nominative plural)
skeuhō (feminine nominative plural)
skeuhu (neuter nominative plural)
skeuhā (accusative masculine plural)
skeuhā (accusative feminine plural)
skeuhu (accusative neuter plural)
skeuheʀō (genitive masculine plural)
skeuheʀō (feminine genitive plural)
skeuheʀō (genitive neuter plural)
skeuhēm (dative masculine plural)
skeuhum (dative masculine plural)
skeuhēm (dative feminine plural)
skeuhum (dative feminine plural)
skeuhēm (dative neuter plural)
skeuhum (dative neuter plural)
skeuhēm (instrumental masculine plural)
skeuhum (instrumental masculine plural)
skeuhēm (feminine instrumental plural)
skeuhum (feminine instrumental plural)
skeuhēm (instrumental neuter plural)
skeuhum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: sċēoh
Middle English: sceouh, skey, schey
English: shy
Scots: skeich, skiech, skick

Old Frisian: *skiāch, *skiā

Saterland Frisian: skjou

West Frisian: skou

Old High German: *skioh

desc

Middle High German: schiech, schiehe, schie

Bavarian: schiach

German: schiech, schiach, schirch (dialectal)

→ Old French: eschif, eschiu

→ Italian: schifo

→ Middle English: escheu, eschew


skiuhī

skiuhī (masculine nominative singular)
skiuhiju (feminine nominative singular)
skiuhī (neuter nominative singular)
skiuhijanā (accusative masculine singular)
skiuhijā (accusative feminine singular)
skiuhī (accusative neuter singular)
skiuhijas (genitive masculine singular)
skiuhijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
skiuhijas (genitive neuter singular)
skiuhijumē (dative masculine singular)
skiuhijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
skiuhijumē (dative neuter singular)
skiuhiju (instrumental masculine singular)
skiuhijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
skiuhiju (instrumental neuter singular)
skiuhijē (masculine nominative plural)
skiuhijō (feminine nominative plural)
skiuhiju (neuter nominative plural)
skiuhijā (accusative masculine plural)
skiuhijā (accusative feminine plural)
skiuhiju (accusative neuter plural)
skiuhijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
skiuhijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
skiuhijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
skiuhijēm (dative masculine plural)
skiuhijum (dative masculine plural)
skiuhijēm (dative feminine plural)
skiuhijum (dative feminine plural)
skiuhijēm (dative neuter plural)
skiuhijum (dative neuter plural)
skiuhijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
skiuhijum (instrumental masculine plural)
skiuhijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
skiuhijum (feminine instrumental plural)
skiuhijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
skiuhijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Saxon: *skiuwi, *skiuhi

Middle Low German: schǖwe, schǖw, schouw, schügge

German Low German: schoo, schööi

→ Danish: sky

→ Norwegian: sky

Old Dutch: *skiuwi

Middle Dutch: scuw, scu, schuw, schu

Dutch: schuw

Afrikaans: sku

Old High German: *skiuhi

Middle High German: schiuche, schiuh, schūche

Alemannic German: schüüch

German: scheu

→ Vulgar Latin: *scivus

Italian: schivo

Old Galician-Portuguese: esquivo

Galician: esquivo, esquío

Portuguese: esquivo

Spanish: esquivo

From *skeuh (“frightened, shy”) + *-ī (adjective suffix).


þwiril

þwiril (nominative singular)
þwirilō (nominative plural)
þwirilōs (nominative plural)
þwiril (accusative singular)
þwirilā (accusative plural)
þwirilas (genitive singular)
þwirilō (genitive plural)
þwirilē (dative singular)
þwirilum (dative plural)
þwirilu (instrumental singular)
þwirilum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þwirel

Old High German: thwiril, dwiril

desc

Middle High German: twirel, twirl, quirel

German: Quirl

→ German Low German: Quirl

From Proto-Germanic *þwirilaz. Equivalent to *þweran + *-il.


togōn

togōn (infinitive)
togōnijas (genitive infinitive)
togōnijē (dative infinitive)
togōniju (infinitive instrumental)
togō (first-person present singular)
togōdā (first-person past singular)
togōs (present second-person singular)
togōdēs (past second-person singular)
togōdōs (past second-person singular)
togōþ (present singular third-person)
togōdē (past singular third-person)
togōdā (past singular third-person)
togōm (first-person plural present)
togōdum (first-person past plural)
togōþ (plural present second-person)
togōdud (past plural second-person)
togōnþ (plural present third-person)
togōdun (past plural third-person)
togōdī (first-person past singular)
togōdī (past second-person singular)
togō (present singular third-person)
togōdī (past singular third-person)
togōdīm (first-person past plural)
togōdīd (past plural second-person)
togōn (plural present third-person)
togōdīn (past plural third-person)
togō (present singular)
togōþ (plural present)
togōndī (participle present)
togōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: togian
Middle English: toȝen, towen
English: tow
Scots: tow, toll, togh
Middle English: tuggen, toggen (alternatively from Old Norse toga)
English: tug
Scots: tug
⇒ Yola: thugerleen

Old Frisian: togia

Saterland Frisian: toogje

West Frisian: tôgje, toaie

Old Saxon: *togōn

desc

Middle Low German: tōgen, tȫgen, tāgen, tēgen

⇒ German Low German: tagen (past participle)

⇒ Middle Low German: togeren, tȫgeren

German Low German: tögern

Old Dutch: *togon

Middle Dutch: tōgen

Dutch: togen, teugen (archaic or obsolete)

⇒ Dutch: ademtogen

⇒ Dutch: zieltogen

Old High German: zogōn

Middle High German: zogen, schogen

German: zogen (archaic or obsolete)

⇒ Middle High German: zogeren

German: zögern

→ Old French: touer

Middle French: touer

French: touer


bukkjan

bukkjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
bukkjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
bukkjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
bukkjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
bukkju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bukidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bukisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bukidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bukidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bukiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bukidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bukidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bukkjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bukidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bukiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bukidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bukkjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bukidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bukkjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bukidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bukkjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bukidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bukkjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bukidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bukkjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bukidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bukkjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bukidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bukkjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bukidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
buki (class-1 present singular weak)
bukiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
bukkjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
bukid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *bukkian

Middle Low German: bucken

Old Dutch: *bukken

Middle Dutch: bucken

Dutch: bukken

Old High German: bukken

Middle High German: bücken

German: bücken

An intensive formation related to *beugan.


nāhwijan

nāhwijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
nāhwijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
nāhwijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
nāhwijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
nāhwiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
nāhwidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
nāhwisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
nāhwidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
nāhwidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
nāhwiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
nāhwidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
nāhwidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
nāhwijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
nāhwidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
nāhwiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
nāhwidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
nāhwijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
nāhwidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
nāhwijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
nāhwidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
nāhwijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
nāhwidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
nāhwijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
nāhwidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
nāhwijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
nāhwidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
nāhwijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
nāhwidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
nāhwijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
nāhwidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
nāhwi (class-1 present singular weak)
nāhwiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
nāhwijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
nāhwid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *nǣgan

⇒ Old English: ġenǣgan

Old Saxon: nāhian

Middle Low German: nēgen

Old High German: nāhen

Middle High German: nähen

From Proto-Germanic *nēhwijaną, equivalent to *nāhw (“near”) + *-jan. Related to Old Norse ná (“to approach”) a class 3 weak verb derived from the same root.


snaisijan

snaisijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
snaisijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
snaisijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
snaisijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
snaisiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
snaisidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
snaisisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
snaisidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
snaisidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
snaisiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
snaisidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
snaisidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
snaisijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
snaisidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
snaisiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
snaisidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
snaisijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
snaisidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
snaisijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
snaisidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
snaisijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
snaisidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
snaisijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
snaisidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
snaisijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
snaisidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
snaisijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
snaisidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
snaisijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
snaisidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
snaisi (class-1 present singular weak)
snaisiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
snaisijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
snaisid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: snǣsan

Old High German: *sneisen

Middle High German: sneisen

From Proto-Germanic *snaisijaną. Equivalent to *snaisu + *-jan.


strammjan

strammjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
strammjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
strammjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
strammjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
strammju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stramidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stramisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stramidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stramidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stramiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stramidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stramidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
strammjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stramidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stramiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stramidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
strammjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stramidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
strammjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stramidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
strammjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stramidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
strammjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stramidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
strammjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stramidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
strammjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stramidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
strammjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stramidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
strami (class-1 present singular weak)
stramiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
strammjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
stramid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *stremmian

Middle Low German: stremmen

→ German: stremmen

Old Dutch: *stremmen

desctree

Middle Dutch: stremmen
Dutch: stremmen
Limburgish: strömme


fluhtijan

fluhtijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
fluhtijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
fluhtijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
fluhtijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
fluhtiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fluhtidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fluhtisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fluhtidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fluhtidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fluhtiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fluhtidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fluhtidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fluhtijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fluhtidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fluhtiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fluhtidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fluhtijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fluhtidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fluhtijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fluhtidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fluhtijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fluhtidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fluhtijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fluhtidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fluhtijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fluhtidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fluhtijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fluhtidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fluhtijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fluhtidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fluhti (class-1 present singular weak)
fluhtiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
fluhtijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
fluhtid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Frisian: *fluchtsia

West Frisian: flechtsje, fluchtsje

Old Saxon: *fluhtian

desc

Middle Low German: vlüchten, vlöchten, flüchten

Old Dutch: *fluhten

desctree

Middle Dutch: vluchten
Dutch: vluchten
Limburgish: vlöchte

Old High German: fluhten

Middle High German: flühten, vlühten

German: flüchten

From *fluhti (“act of fleeing”) + *-jan.


klunnjan

klunnjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
klunnjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
klunnjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
klunnjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
klunnju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
klunidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
klunisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
klunidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
klunidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kluniþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
klunidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
klunidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
klunnjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
klunidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
kluniþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
klunidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
klunnjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
klunidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
klunnjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
klunidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
klunnjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
klunidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
klunnjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
klunidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
klunnjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
klunidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
klunnjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
klunidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
klunnjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
klunidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
kluni (class-1 present singular weak)
kluniþ (class-1 plural present weak)
klunnjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
klunid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: clynnan, clynian, clynan

Old Saxon: *klunnian, *klunian

desc

Middle Low German: *klunen, klunden, *klünen, *klōnen, *klȫnen

German Low German: klönen

Old Dutch: *klunnen, *klunen

Middle Dutch: kluenen, klōnen

Dutch: kleunen

A zero-grade intensive verb related to the strong verb *klinnan (“to sound”).


kruppijan

kruppijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
kruppijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
kruppijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
kruppijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
kruppiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
kruppidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
kruppisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
kruppidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kruppidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kruppiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
kruppidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kruppidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kruppijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
kruppidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
kruppiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
kruppidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
kruppijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
kruppidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
kruppijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
kruppidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
kruppijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
kruppidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kruppijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
kruppidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kruppijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
kruppidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
kruppijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
kruppidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
kruppijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
kruppidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
kruppi (class-1 present singular weak)
kruppiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
kruppijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
kruppid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: cryppan

Old High German: *krupfen

Middle High German: krüpfen

German: krüpfen

A zero-grade intensive verb related to the strong verb *kreupan and iterative verb *kruppōn (“to crawl”).


harwijan

harwijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
harwijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
harwijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
harwijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
harwiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
harwidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
harwisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
harwidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
harwidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
harwiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
harwidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
harwidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
harwijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
harwidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
harwiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
harwidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
harwijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
harwidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
harwijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
harwidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
harwijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
harwidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
harwijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
harwidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
harwijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
harwidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
harwijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
harwidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
harwijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
harwidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
harwi (class-1 present singular weak)
harwiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
harwijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
harwid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: hierwan, herwan, hyrwan

Old Saxon: *herwian

Middle Low German: herwen

Old High German: *herwen

Middle High German: herwen


balkijan

balkijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
balkijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
balkijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
balkijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
balkiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
balkidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
balkisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
balkidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
balkidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
balkiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
balkidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
balkidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
balkijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
balkidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
balkiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
balkidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
balkijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
balkidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
balkijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
balkidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
balkijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
balkidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
balkijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
balkidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
balkijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
balkidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
balkijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
balkidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
balkijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
balkidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
balki (class-1 present singular weak)
balkiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
balkijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
balkid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: bielċan

Middle English: belchen

English: belch

Old Saxon: *belkian

Middle Low German: belken

Low German: belken

Old Dutch: belken

Middle Dutch: belken, belleken

From Proto-Germanic *belkaną. Related to Proto-West Germanic *bellan, *bulgijan, and *balkōn.


knuttijan

knuttijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
knuttijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
knuttijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
knuttijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
knuttiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
knuttidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
knuttisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
knuttidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
knuttidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
knuttiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
knuttidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
knuttidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
knuttijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
knuttidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
knuttiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
knuttidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
knuttijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
knuttidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
knuttijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
knuttidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
knuttijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
knuttidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
knuttijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
knuttidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
knuttijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
knuttidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
knuttijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
knuttidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
knuttijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
knuttidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
knutti (class-1 present singular weak)
knuttiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
knuttijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
knuttid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: cnyttan, cnittan
Middle English: knytten, knutten, knetten, knitten
English: knit
Scots: knyt, knit

Old Saxon: *knuttian

Middle Low German: knütten

Low German: knütten

Old Dutch: *knutten

Middle Dutch: cnutten

Dutch: knutten (dialectal)

From Proto-Germanic *knuttijaną, equivalent to *knuttō (“knot”) + *-jan.


bulgijan

bulgijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
bulgijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
bulgijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
bulgijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
bulgiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bulgidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bulgisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bulgidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bulgidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bulgiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bulgidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bulgidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bulgijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bulgidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bulgiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bulgidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bulgijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bulgidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bulgijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bulgidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bulgijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bulgidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bulgijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bulgidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bulgijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bulgidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bulgijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bulgidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bulgijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bulgidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bulgi (class-1 present singular weak)
bulgiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
bulgijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
bulgid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: bylġan

Middle English: belwen

English: bellow

Old Dutch: *bulgen

Middle Dutch: bulgen, bulken

Related to *balkijan and *balkōn (“to bellow, roar”)


bulgijan

Old English: *bylgan

⇒ Old English: ābylgan

⇒ Old English: gebylgan

Old Dutch: *bulgen

Middle Dutch: bulgen


plōgijan

plōgijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
plōgijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
plōgijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
plōgijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
plōgiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
plōgidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
plōgisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
plōgidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
plōgidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
plōgiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
plōgidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
plōgidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
plōgijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
plōgidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
plōgiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
plōgidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
plōgijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
plōgidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
plōgijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
plōgidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
plōgijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
plōgidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
plōgijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
plōgidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
plōgijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
plōgidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
plōgijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
plōgidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
plōgijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
plōgidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
plōgi (class-1 present singular weak)
plōgiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
plōgijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
plōgid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *plōgian

Middle Low German: plȫgen

Old Dutch: *pluogen

Middle Dutch: ploegen
Dutch: ploegen
Limburgish: plógke

Old High German: *pfluogen

Middle High German: pflügen

German: pflügen

Rhine Franconian: pluge, pluje


duppijan

duppijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
duppijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
duppijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
duppijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
duppiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
duppidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
duppisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
duppidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
duppidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
duppiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
duppidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
duppidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
duppijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
duppidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
duppiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
duppidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
duppijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
duppidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
duppijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
duppidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
duppijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
duppidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
duppijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
duppidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
duppijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
duppidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
duppijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
duppidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
duppijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
duppidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
duppi (class-1 present singular weak)
duppiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
duppijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
duppid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: dyppan

Middle English: dippen

English: dip

→ Dutch: dippen

Old Saxon: *duppian

Middle Low German: *düppen

Low German: düppen

Old High German: tuphen

Middle High German: tüpfen, tupfen

German: tupfen

Related to the iterative verb *duppōn (“to dip”)


plattjan

plattjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
plattjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
plattjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
plattjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
plattju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
plattā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
platisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
plattēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
plattōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
platiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
plattē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
plattā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
plattjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
plattum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
platiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
plattud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
plattjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
plattun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
plattjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
plattī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
plattjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
plattī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
plattjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
plattī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
plattjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
plattīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
plattjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
plattīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
plattjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
plattīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
plati (class-1 present singular weak)
platiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
plattjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
platt (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: plættan
Middle English: platten, pletten
Scots: plat
English: plat, pat

Old Saxon: *plettian

Middle Low German: pletten

→ German: plätten

Old Dutch: *pletten

Middle Dutch: pletten

Dutch: pletten

From *plat (“flat”) + *-jan. Doublet of *flattjan.


auþijan

auþijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
auþijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
auþijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
auþijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
auþiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
auþidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
auþisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
auþidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
auþidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
auþiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
auþidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
auþidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
auþijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
auþidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
auþiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
auþidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
auþijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
auþidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
auþijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
auþidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
auþijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
auþidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
auþijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
auþidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
auþijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
auþidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
auþijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
auþidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
auþijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
auþidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
auþi (class-1 present singular weak)
auþiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
auþijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
auþid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: īeþan, ȳþan

Old High German: *ōden

Middle High German: öden

German: öden (chiefly in compounds)

From Proto-Germanic *auþijaną. Equivalent to *auþī (“void, empty”) + *-jan.


augijan

augijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
augijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
augijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
augijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
augiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
augidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
augisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
augidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
augidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
augiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
augidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
augidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
augijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
augidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
augiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
augidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
augijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
augidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
augijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
augidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
augijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
augidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
augijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
augidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
augijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
augidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
augijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
augidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
augijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
augidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
augi (class-1 present singular weak)
augiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
augijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
augid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: ēowan, īewan, īwan, ȳwan

Old Frisian: āuwa, āwa

Old Saxon: ōgian

Middle Low German: ö̂gen, öugen

German Low German: ögen

⇒ Middle Low German: ö̂gelen

German Low German: ögeln

→ English: ogle

Old Dutch: ōgen
Middle Dutch: ôgen
Dutch: ogen

Old High German: ougen

Middle High German: öugen, ougen

German: äugen

From Proto-Germanic *augijaną. Equivalent to *augā (“eye”) + *-jan.


stuttijan

stuttijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
stuttijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
stuttijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
stuttijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
stuttiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stuttidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stuttisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stuttidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stuttidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stuttiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stuttidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stuttidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stuttijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stuttidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stuttiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stuttidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stuttijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stuttidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stuttijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stuttidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stuttijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stuttidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stuttijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stuttidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stuttijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stuttidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stuttijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stuttidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stuttijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stuttidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stutti (class-1 present singular weak)
stuttiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
stuttijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
stuttid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *stuttian

Middle Low German: stütten

→ Norwegian: støtte

→ Swedish: stötta

→ Danish: støtte

Old Dutch: *stutten

Middle Dutch: stutten

Dutch: stutten

Afrikaans: stut

⇒ Old High German: untarstuzzen

Middle High German: understützen

Bavarian: stitzn, unterstitzn

German: stützen, unterstützen


staupijan

staupijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
staupijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
staupijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
staupijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
staupiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
staupidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
staupisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
staupidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
staupidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
staupiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
staupidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
staupidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
staupijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
staupidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
staupiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
staupidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
staupijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
staupidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
staupijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
staupidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
staupijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
staupidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
staupijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
staupidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
staupijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
staupidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
staupijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
staupidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
staupijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
staupidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
staupi (class-1 present singular weak)
staupiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
staupijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
staupid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *stīepan

Middle English: stepen (possibly loaned from Old Norse instead)

English: steep

Old Saxon: *stōpian

Middle Low German: stȫpen

From Proto-Germanic *staupijaną. Equivalent to *staup (“pitcher, jar, bucket”) + *-jan.


staupijan

Old English: stīepan

Old Frisian: stēpa

(North Sea Germanic) to elevate, to make high

(North Sea Germanic) to support, to help


baþþjan

baþþjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
baþþjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
baþþjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
baþþjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
baþþju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
baþidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
baþisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
baþidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
baþidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
baþiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
baþidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
baþidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
baþþjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
baþidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
baþiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
baþidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
baþþjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
baþidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
baþþjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
baþidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
baþþjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
baþidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
baþþjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
baþidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
baþþjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
baþidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
baþþjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
baþidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
baþþjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
baþidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
baþi (class-1 present singular weak)
baþiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
baþþjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
baþid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: bæþþan, beþþan; beþian, beþigean (alternative forms from variant *baþigōn)

Middle English: bethen
English: beath (dialectal)

Old Frisian: *beththa, *bethia

West Frisian: bette, betsje

Old Saxon: *beththian

>? Middle Low German: *betten

Low German: betten (probably a loanword from Frisian)

Old Dutch: *beththen

Middle Dutch: betten, bessen

Dutch: betten

West Flemish: bessen

From Proto-Germanic *baþjaną. Equivalent to *baþ (“bath”) + *-jan.

to moisturize, make wet (with warm water)


nuttjan

nuttjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
nuttjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
nuttjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
nuttjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
nuttju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
nuttā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
nutisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
nuttēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
nuttōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
nutiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
nuttē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
nuttā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
nuttjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
nuttum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
nutiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
nuttud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
nuttjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
nuttun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
nuttjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
nuttī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
nuttjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
nuttī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
nuttjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
nuttī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
nuttjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
nuttīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
nuttjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
nuttīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
nuttjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
nuttīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
nuti (class-1 present singular weak)
nutiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
nuttjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
nutt (class-1 participle past weak)

⇒ Old Frisian: binetta

Old Saxon: *nuttian

Middle Low German: nütten

Old Dutch: *nutten

Middle Dutch: nutten

Dutch: nutten

Old High German: *nuzzen

Middle High German: nützen

German: nützen


wibil

wibil (nominative singular)
wibilō (nominative plural)
wibilōs (nominative plural)
wibil (accusative singular)
wibilā (accusative plural)
wibilas (genitive singular)
wibilō (genitive plural)
wibilē (dative singular)
wibilum (dative plural)
wibilu (instrumental singular)
wibilum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wifel
Middle English: wevel, wevyl, wyvyl
English: weevil
Scots: wavel

Old Saxon: *wivil
Middle Low German: wevel, wêvel
→ Swedish: vivel

Old Dutch: *wivil

Middle Dutch: wivel, wevel

Dutch: wevel

Old High German: wibil
Middle High German: wibel, wupel
German: Wiebel

From Proto-Germanic *wibilaz. Equivalent to *weban (“to weave”) + *-il.

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache


Sāturnas dag

Sāturnas dag (nominative singular)
Sāturnas dag (accusative singular)
Sāturnas dagā (accusative plural)
Sāturnas dagas (genitive singular)
Sāturnas dagō (genitive plural)
Sāturnas dagē (dative singular)
Sāturnas dagum (dative plural)
Sāturnas dagu (instrumental singular)
Sāturnas dagum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sæternesdæġ, sæterndæġ, sæteresdæġ, sæterdæġ
Middle English: Saterday, Seterday, Ceterday, Satirday, Saturday, Saturnesday, zeterday
English: Saturday
Tok Pisin: Sarere
Scots: Seturday
Yola: Zathardei, zatherdei

Old Frisian: sāterdei

West Frisian: saterdei, saterje

Saterland Frisian: Saterdag

Old Saxon:

Middle Low German: satersdach

Dutch Low Saxon: zaoterdag

German Low German: Saterdag

Old Dutch:

Middle Dutch: saterdach

Dutch: zaterdag
Afrikaans: Saterdag
Negerhollands: saeterdag, saterdag
→ Lokono: satdakha, satradakha
→ Mohegan-Pequot: zotortar
→ Sranan Tongo: satra
→ Kari'na: satra

Limburgish: zaoterdig

West Flemish: zoaterdag

Old High German:

Middle High German: sātirsdach (Ripuarian)

desc

Central Franconian: Sodeschdaach, Sodeschdig (obsolete)

From *Sāturnas, *Saturnas (“Saturn's”) + *dag (“day”), calque of Latin diēs Sāturnī (“Saturday”, literally “day of Saturn”). The Old English form appears to descend from a variant form *Saturnas dag (with short a), as one would otherwise expect sǣternesdæg.
In all (modern) High and most Low German dialects, other words for Saturday are found instead which commonly refer to Sunday or the Sabbath day, e.g. Old High German sambaztag (literally “Sabbath-day”) (modern German Samstag), and Old High German sunnūnāband (literally “Sunday eve”) (modern German Sonnabend) (see also Old English sunnanǣfen (“evening before Sunday”) and Old Norse sunnunótt (“night before Sunday”)).


untriuwī

untriuwī (masculine nominative singular)
untriuwiju (feminine nominative singular)
untriuwī (neuter nominative singular)
untriuwijanā (accusative masculine singular)
untriuwijā (accusative feminine singular)
untriuwī (accusative neuter singular)
untriuwijas (genitive masculine singular)
untriuwijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
untriuwijas (genitive neuter singular)
untriuwijumē (dative masculine singular)
untriuwijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
untriuwijumē (dative neuter singular)
untriuwiju (instrumental masculine singular)
untriuwijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
untriuwiju (instrumental neuter singular)
untriuwijē (masculine nominative plural)
untriuwijō (feminine nominative plural)
untriuwiju (neuter nominative plural)
untriuwijā (accusative masculine plural)
untriuwijā (accusative feminine plural)
untriuwiju (accusative neuter plural)
untriuwijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
untriuwijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
untriuwijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
untriuwijēm (dative masculine plural)
untriuwijum (dative masculine plural)
untriuwijēm (dative feminine plural)
untriuwijum (dative feminine plural)
untriuwijēm (dative neuter plural)
untriuwijum (dative neuter plural)
untriuwijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
untriuwijum (instrumental masculine plural)
untriuwijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
untriuwijum (feminine instrumental plural)
untriuwijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
untriuwijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: untrīewe

Middle English: untrewe
English: untrue

Old Frisian: untriūwe

West Frisian: ûntrou

Old Dutch: *untriuwi

Middle Dutch: ontrouwe

Dutch: ontrouw

desc

Old High German: *untriuwi, urtriuwi, ungitriuwi

Middle High German: untriuwe

German: untreu

From Proto-Germanic *untriwwiz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


klint

klint (nominative singular)
klintō (nominative plural)
klintōs (nominative plural)
klint (accusative singular)
klintā (accusative plural)
klintas (genitive singular)
klintō (genitive plural)
klintē (dative singular)
klintum (dative plural)
klintu (instrumental singular)
klintum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon:

Middle Low German:

German Low German: Klint

→ Danish: klint


sūftu

sūftu (nominative singular)
sūftiwi (nominative plural)
sūftō (nominative plural)
sūftu (accusative singular)
sūftū (accusative plural)
sūftō (genitive singular)
sūftiwō (genitive plural)
sūftiwi (dative singular)
sūftō (dative singular)
sūftum (dative plural)
sūftu (instrumental singular)
sūftum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *sūft

Middle Low German: sucht

Old Dutch: *suft

Middle Dutch: sucht, socht

Dutch: zucht

Old High German: *sūft

Middle High German: sûft

From *sūpan (“to slurp, guzzle”) + *-þu.


soppōn

soppōn (infinitive)
soppōnijas (genitive infinitive)
soppōnijē (dative infinitive)
soppōniju (infinitive instrumental)
soppō (first-person present singular)
soppōdā (first-person past singular)
soppōs (present second-person singular)
soppōdēs (past second-person singular)
soppōdōs (past second-person singular)
soppōþ (present singular third-person)
soppōdē (past singular third-person)
soppōdā (past singular third-person)
soppōm (first-person plural present)
soppōdum (first-person past plural)
soppōþ (plural present second-person)
soppōdud (past plural second-person)
soppōnþ (plural present third-person)
soppōdun (past plural third-person)
soppōdī (first-person past singular)
soppōdī (past second-person singular)
soppō (present singular third-person)
soppōdī (past singular third-person)
soppōdīm (first-person past plural)
soppōdīd (past plural second-person)
soppōn (plural present third-person)
soppōdīn (past plural third-person)
soppō (present singular)
soppōþ (plural present)
soppōndī (participle present)
soppōd (participle past)

Old English: soppian

Middle English: soppen

English: sop

Old Frisian: *sopja

West Frisian: sopje

Old Dutch: *soppon

Middle Dutch: soppen

Dutch: soppen

⇒ Middle Dutch: sopperen

Old High German: soffōn, sofōn


sūftōn

sūftōn (infinitive)
sūftōnijas (genitive infinitive)
sūftōnijē (dative infinitive)
sūftōniju (infinitive instrumental)
sūftō (first-person present singular)
sūftōdā (first-person past singular)
sūftōs (present second-person singular)
sūftōdēs (past second-person singular)
sūftōdōs (past second-person singular)
sūftōþ (present singular third-person)
sūftōdē (past singular third-person)
sūftōdā (past singular third-person)
sūftōm (first-person plural present)
sūftōdum (first-person past plural)
sūftōþ (plural present second-person)
sūftōdud (past plural second-person)
sūftōnþ (plural present third-person)
sūftōdun (past plural third-person)
sūftōdī (first-person past singular)
sūftōdī (past second-person singular)
sūftō (present singular third-person)
sūftōdī (past singular third-person)
sūftōdīm (first-person past plural)
sūftōdīd (past plural second-person)
sūftōn (plural present third-person)
sūftōdīn (past plural third-person)
sūftō (present singular)
sūftōþ (plural present)
sūftōndī (participle present)
sūftōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *sū̆fton

Middle Low German: süchten, süften

Old Dutch: *sū̆fton

Middle Dutch: suften, suchten, sochten

Dutch: zuchten

Old High German: sūftōn, sūfteōn, sūftēn

Middle High German: sūften, siuften

German: sauften, seuften (obsolete)

⇒ Middle High German: siufzen

German: seufzen

From *sūftu (“sigh, lamentation”) + *-ōn.


saifr

saifr (nominative singular)
saifrō (nominative plural)
saifrōs (nominative plural)
saifr (accusative singular)
saifrā (accusative plural)
saifras (genitive singular)
saifrō (genitive plural)
saifrē (dative singular)
saifrum (dative plural)
saifru (instrumental singular)
saifrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sāfor

Old Frisian: sāver, sēver

Saterland Frisian: Seeuwer

Old Saxon: *sēvar

Middle Low German: sêver

German Low German: Sever

Old Dutch: *sēvar

desctree

Middle Dutch: sêver
Dutch: zever
Limburgish: zeiver

Old High German: seifar, seivar

Middle High German: seifer

German: Seifer (archaic, dialectal)

From Proto-Germanic *saifraz, from Proto-Indo-European *seyp- (“to flow, run, drip”).


Frīju

Frīju (nominative singular)
Frīju (instrumental singular)

desc

Old English: Frīġ, Fricg, Frycg, *Frie, *Frigge (attested Friggan (gen.))

Middle English: Frie, Fri, Frye, Fre, Frea, Fræa, Frææ, Freon

Old High German: Friia

Lombardic: Frea


pendul

pendul (nominative singular)
pendulō (nominative plural)
pendulōs (nominative plural)
pendul (accusative singular)
pendulā (accusative plural)
pendulas (genitive singular)
pendulō (genitive plural)
pendulē (dative singular)
pendulum (dative plural)
pendulu (instrumental singular)
pendulum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: pintel
Middle English: pyntel, pintel, pintell, pintil, pintile, pyntell, pyntelle, pyntill, pyntul, pyntyl, pyntyle, pyntyll
English: pintle
Scots: pintle

Old High German: pfendil

Middle High German: pfendel

Borrowed from a Medieval Latin pendulum (“something hanging, pendant, penis”) and influenced in meaning by pēniculus (“small tail, penis, brush”).


beuw

beuw (nominative singular)
beuwu (nominative plural)
beuw (accusative singular)
beuwu (accusative plural)
beuwas (genitive singular)
beuwō (genitive plural)
beuwē (dative singular)
beuwum (dative plural)
beuwu (instrumental singular)
beuwum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bēow

Old Frisian: bē

Old Saxon: beo, beu

⇒ Old Saxon: beuwod, bewod

Old High German: *beo

Middle High German: bū, bou (merger with *bū m or n)


-jā

-jā (nominative singular)
-jōn (nominative plural)
-jōn (accusative singular)
-jōn (accusative plural)
-jōn (genitive singular)
-jōnō (genitive plural)
-jōn (dative singular)
-jōm (dative plural)
-jum (dative plural)
-jōn (instrumental singular)
-jōm (instrumental plural)
-jum (instrumental plural)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

feminine of *-jō: Forms agent nouns from verbs.


laiþasam

laiþasam (masculine nominative singular)
laiþasamu (feminine nominative singular)
laiþasam (neuter nominative singular)
laiþasamanā (accusative masculine singular)
laiþasamā (accusative feminine singular)
laiþasam (accusative neuter singular)
laiþasamas (genitive masculine singular)
laiþasameʀā (feminine genitive singular)
laiþasamas (genitive neuter singular)
laiþasamumē (dative masculine singular)
laiþasameʀē (dative feminine singular)
laiþasamumē (dative neuter singular)
laiþasamu (instrumental masculine singular)
laiþasameʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
laiþasamu (instrumental neuter singular)
laiþasamē (masculine nominative plural)
laiþasamō (feminine nominative plural)
laiþasamu (neuter nominative plural)
laiþasamā (accusative masculine plural)
laiþasamā (accusative feminine plural)
laiþasamu (accusative neuter plural)
laiþasameʀō (genitive masculine plural)
laiþasameʀō (feminine genitive plural)
laiþasameʀō (genitive neuter plural)
laiþasamēm (dative masculine plural)
laiþasamum (dative masculine plural)
laiþasamēm (dative feminine plural)
laiþasamum (dative feminine plural)
laiþasamēm (dative neuter plural)
laiþasamum (dative neuter plural)
laiþasamēm (instrumental masculine plural)
laiþasamum (instrumental masculine plural)
laiþasamēm (feminine instrumental plural)
laiþasamum (feminine instrumental plural)
laiþasamēm (instrumental neuter plural)
laiþasamum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: *lāþsum

desc

Middle English: laithsum, lothesum, loothsum, lothsom, lothsome, laytsom

English: loathsome

Scots: laithsum, laithsome

Old Saxon: *lēthsam

Middle Low German: lêtsam, leitsam

Old Dutch: *lēthsam

Middle Dutch: leetsam, leetsaem

Dutch: leedzaam

Old High German: leidsam

Middle High German: leitsam

German: leidsam


furigangan

furigangan (infinitive)
furigangannjas (genitive infinitive)
furigangannjē (dative infinitive)
furigangannju (infinitive instrumental)
furigangu (first-person present singular)
furigeang (first-person past singular)
furigangiʀi (present second-person singular)
furigeangī (past second-person singular)
furigangidi (present singular third-person)
furigeang (past singular third-person)
furigangum (first-person plural present)
furigeangum (first-person past plural)
furigangid (plural present second-person)
furigeangud (past plural second-person)
furigangand (plural present third-person)
furigeangun (past plural third-person)
furigangē (first-person present singular)
furigeangī (first-person past singular)
furigangēs (present second-person singular)
furigangē (present singular third-person)
furigeangī (past singular third-person)
furigangēm (first-person plural present)
furigeangīm (first-person past plural)
furigangēþ (plural present second-person)
furigeangīd (past plural second-person)
furigangēn (plural present third-person)
furigeangīn (past plural third-person)
furigang (present singular)
furigangid (plural present)
furigangandī (participle present)
furigangan (participle past)

Old English: forgangan

Old Saxon: fargangan

Old High German: firgangan

From Proto-Germanic *furiganganą. Equivalent to *furi- + *gangan (“to go”).


uʀhaitan

uʀhaitan (infinitive)
uʀhaitannjas (genitive infinitive)
uʀhaitannjē (dative infinitive)
uʀhaitannju (infinitive instrumental)
uʀhaitu (first-person present singular)
uʀhēt (first-person past singular)
uʀhaitiʀi (present second-person singular)
uʀhētī (past second-person singular)
uʀhaitidi (present singular third-person)
uʀhēt (past singular third-person)
uʀhaitum (first-person plural present)
uʀhētum (first-person past plural)
uʀhaitid (plural present second-person)
uʀhētud (past plural second-person)
uʀhaitand (plural present third-person)
uʀhētun (past plural third-person)
uʀhaitē (first-person present singular)
uʀhētī (first-person past singular)
uʀhaitēs (present second-person singular)
uʀhaitē (present singular third-person)
uʀhētī (past singular third-person)
uʀhaitēm (first-person plural present)
uʀhētīm (first-person past plural)
uʀhaitēþ (plural present second-person)
uʀhētīd (past plural second-person)
uʀhaitēn (plural present third-person)
uʀhētīn (past plural third-person)
uʀhait (present singular)
uʀhaitid (plural present)
uʀhaitandī (participle present)
uʀhaitan (participle past)

Old English: āhātan

From Proto-Germanic *uzhaitaną. Equivalent to *uʀ- + *haitan.


gaspilþijan

gaspilþijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
gaspilþijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
gaspilþijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
gaspilþijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
gaspilþiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
gaspilþidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
gaspilþisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
gaspilþidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
gaspilþidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
gaspilþiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
gaspilþidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
gaspilþidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
gaspilþijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
gaspilþidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
gaspilþiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
gaspilþidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
gaspilþijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
gaspilþidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
gaspilþijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
gaspilþidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
gaspilþijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
gaspilþidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
gaspilþijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
gaspilþidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
gaspilþijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
gaspilþidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
gaspilþijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
gaspilþidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
gaspilþijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
gaspilþidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
gaspilþi (class-1 present singular weak)
gaspilþiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
gaspilþijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
gaspilþid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: ġespillan

Old High German: gaspildan, gispilden

→? Vulgar Latin: *gaspillō

Old French: *gaspiller

Middle French: gaspiller

French: gaspiller

Walloon: caspouî

Old Occitan: *gaspillar

Occitan:

Gascon: gaspilhar

Provençal: guespillar, gispillar


furigān

desctree

Old English: forgān
Middle English: forgon
English: forgo
Scots: forgae

Old Frisian: forgān

Old Dutch: fargān
Middle Dutch: vergâen
Dutch: vergaan

Old High German: firgān


-dōm

-dōm (nominative singular)
-dōmō (nominative plural)
-dōmōs (nominative plural)
-dōm (accusative singular)
-dōmā (accusative plural)
-dōmas (genitive singular)
-dōmō (genitive plural)
-dōmē (dative singular)
-dōmum (dative plural)
-dōmu (instrumental singular)
-dōmum (instrumental plural)

Old English: -dōm
Middle English: -dom, -dam, -dame, -dome, -don, -doom, -dum
English: -dom
Scots: -dom

Old Frisian: -dōm

North Frisian: -dom

Saterland Frisian: -dum

West Frisian: -domme

Old Saxon: -dōm
Middle Low German: -dôm
Low German: -dom

Old Dutch: -duom

Middle Dutch: -dom

Dutch: -dom

Old High German: -tuom

Middle High German: -tuom

German: -tum

Yiddish: ־טום (-tum)

Forms nouns denoting the condition or state of the suffixed word.

Forms nouns denoting the domain or jurisdiction of the suffixed word.


fraspilþijan

fraspilþijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
fraspilþijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
fraspilþijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
fraspilþijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
fraspilþiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fraspilþidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fraspilþisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fraspilþidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fraspilþidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fraspilþiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fraspilþidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fraspilþidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fraspilþijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fraspilþidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fraspilþiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fraspilþidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fraspilþijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fraspilþidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fraspilþijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fraspilþidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fraspilþijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fraspilþidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fraspilþijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fraspilþidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fraspilþijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fraspilþidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fraspilþijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fraspilþidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fraspilþijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fraspilþidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fraspilþi (class-1 present singular weak)
fraspilþiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
fraspilþijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
fraspilþid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: forspillan
Middle English: forspillen
English: forspill

Old Dutch: *farspilden

Middle Dutch: verspilden

Dutch: verspillen

Old High German: firspilden

desc

Middle High German: verspilden, verspilten


uʀgeban

uʀgeban (infinitive)
uʀgebannjas (genitive infinitive)
uʀgebannjē (dative infinitive)
uʀgebannju (infinitive instrumental)
uʀgebu (first-person present singular)
uʀgab (first-person past singular)
uʀgibiʀi (present second-person singular)
uʀgābī (past second-person singular)
uʀgibidi (present singular third-person)
uʀgab (past singular third-person)
uʀgebum (first-person plural present)
uʀgābum (first-person past plural)
uʀgibid (plural present second-person)
uʀgābud (past plural second-person)
uʀgeband (plural present third-person)
uʀgābun (past plural third-person)
uʀgebē (first-person present singular)
uʀgābī (first-person past singular)
uʀgebēs (present second-person singular)
uʀgebē (present singular third-person)
uʀgābī (past singular third-person)
uʀgebēm (first-person plural present)
uʀgābīm (first-person past plural)
uʀgebēþ (plural present second-person)
uʀgābīd (past plural second-person)
uʀgebēn (plural present third-person)
uʀgābīn (past plural third-person)
uʀgib (present singular)
uʀgibid (plural present)
uʀgebandī (participle present)
uʀgeban (participle past)

desctree

Old English: āġiefan, āġeofan — Non-West Saxon, āġifan — West Saxon, āġyfan — Late West Saxon
Middle English: ayefen, ayeven
English: agive

Old Saxon: agevan

Old High German: irgeban

Middle High German: ergëben

German: ergeben

From Proto-Germanic *uzgebaną. Equivalent to *uʀ- + *geban.


spilþijan

spilþijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
spilþijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
spilþijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
spilþijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
spilþiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
spilþidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
spilþisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
spilþidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spilþidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spilþiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
spilþidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spilþidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spilþijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
spilþidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
spilþiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
spilþidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
spilþijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
spilþidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
spilþijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
spilþidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
spilþijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
spilþidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spilþijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
spilþidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spilþijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
spilþidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
spilþijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
spilþidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
spilþijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
spilþidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
spilþi (class-1 present singular weak)
spilþiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
spilþijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
spilþid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: spillan, spildan
Middle English: spillen, spylle, spille, spyl, spil, spyll, spill, spilden, spyllyn
English: spill
Scots: spill

Old Frisian: *spilla

⇒ Saterland Frisian: ferspille

Old Saxon: spildian

Middle Low German: spilden, spillen

German Low German: spillen

Old Dutch: *spilden

Middle Dutch: spilden, spillen

Dutch: spillen

Afrikaans: spil

Old High German: spilden

Middle High German: spilden, spillen

Bavarian: spillen

⇒ Middle High German: spildec

⇒ German: kostspielig

From Proto-Germanic *spilþijaną. Equivalent to *spelþ (“destruction, ruin”) + *-jan.


landaskapi

landaskapi (nominative singular)
landaskapī (nominative plural)
landaskapi (accusative singular)
landaskapī (accusative plural)
landaskapī (genitive singular)
landaskappjō (genitive plural)
landaskapī (dative singular)
landaskapim (dative plural)
landaskappjum (dative plural)
landaskapī (instrumental singular)
landaskapim (instrumental plural)
landaskappjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: landscipe, landsċeap
Middle English: *landschippe, *landschapp
English: landscape (influenced by Dutch landschap), landskip, lantschip (obsolete)
Scots: landskip, landskipe

Old Frisian: *landskipe

West Frisian: lânskip

Old Saxon: landskepi

Middle Low German: lantschap, lantschop

Low German: landschop

Old Dutch: *landskepi, *landskapi

Middle Dutch: landscap, lantscap

Dutch: landschap

Old High German: lantskaf

Middle High German: lantschaft

German: Landschaft

From Proto-Germanic *landaskapiz. Equivalent to *land (“land”) + *-skapi.


uʀ-

Old English: or-
Middle English: or-
English: or-

Old Frisian: or-

Saterland Frisian: uur-

West Frisian: oar-

Old Saxon: ur-, or-

Middle Low German: or-

German Low German: oor-

Old Dutch: ur-, or-

Middle Dutch: or-, oor-

Dutch: oor-

Old High German: ur-
Middle High German: ur-
German: ur-
→ English: ur-
→ Dutch: oer-
Yiddish: אור־ (ur-)

Old English: ar-, ā-, ǣ-

Middle English: a-

English: a-

Old Saxon: ā-

Middle Low German: er-

German Low German: er-

Old Dutch: ir-, ā-

Middle Dutch: er-

Dutch: er-

Old High German: ir-, er-, ā-

Middle High German: er-, ir-, re-

German: er-

→ Swedish: er-


bergu

bergu (nominative singular)
bergō (nominative plural)
bergā (accusative singular)
bergā (accusative plural)
bergā (genitive singular)
bergō (genitive plural)
bergē (dative singular)
bergōm (dative plural)
bergum (dative plural)
bergu (instrumental singular)
bergōm (instrumental plural)
bergum (instrumental plural)

From Proto-Germanic *bergō. Equivalent to *bergan + *-u.


halsabergu

halsabergu (nominative singular)
halsabergō (nominative plural)
halsabergā (accusative singular)
halsabergā (accusative plural)
halsabergā (genitive singular)
halsabergō (genitive plural)
halsabergē (dative singular)
halsabergōm (dative plural)
halsabergum (dative plural)
halsabergu (instrumental singular)
halsabergōm (instrumental plural)
halsabergum (instrumental plural)

Old English: healsbeorh

Old High German: halsberga

→ Medieval Latin: halsberga (see there for further descendants)


forē-

Old English: fore-

Middle English: fore-, for-

English: fore-

Old Frisian: fore-

Saterland Frisian: foar-

Old Saxon: fora-

German Low German: vör-

Old High German: fora-

German: vor-

From Proto-Germanic *furai-. Corresponds to the preposition and adverb *forē (“before”).


breustabergu

breustabergu (nominative singular)
breustabergō (nominative plural)
breustabergā (accusative singular)
breustabergā (accusative plural)
breustabergā (genitive singular)
breustabergō (genitive plural)
breustabergē (dative singular)
breustabergōm (dative plural)
breustabergum (dative plural)
breustabergu (instrumental singular)
breustabergōm (instrumental plural)
breustabergum (instrumental plural)

Old English: brēostbeorg


koʀ

koʀ (nominative singular)
koʀu (nominative plural)
koʀ (accusative singular)
koʀu (accusative plural)
koʀas (genitive singular)
koʀō (genitive plural)
koʀē (dative singular)
koʀum (dative plural)
koʀu (instrumental singular)
koʀum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *cor

Middle English: cor, core

⇒ Old English: ġecor

Old Frisian: kor

>? West Frisian: kar

(Anglo-Frisian Germanic) choice, decision


fnoʀukōn

fnoʀukōn (infinitive)
fnoʀukōnijas (genitive infinitive)
fnoʀukōnijē (dative infinitive)
fnoʀukōniju (infinitive instrumental)
fnoʀukō (first-person present singular)
fnoʀukōdā (first-person past singular)
fnoʀukōs (present second-person singular)
fnoʀukōdēs (past second-person singular)
fnoʀukōdōs (past second-person singular)
fnoʀukōþ (present singular third-person)
fnoʀukōdē (past singular third-person)
fnoʀukōdā (past singular third-person)
fnoʀukōm (first-person plural present)
fnoʀukōdum (first-person past plural)
fnoʀukōþ (plural present second-person)
fnoʀukōdud (past plural second-person)
fnoʀukōnþ (plural present third-person)
fnoʀukōdun (past plural third-person)
fnoʀukōdī (first-person past singular)
fnoʀukōdī (past second-person singular)
fnoʀukō (present singular third-person)
fnoʀukōdī (past singular third-person)
fnoʀukōdīm (first-person past plural)
fnoʀukōdīd (past plural second-person)
fnoʀukōn (plural present third-person)
fnoʀukōdīn (past plural third-person)
fnoʀukō (present singular)
fnoʀukōþ (plural present)
fnoʀukōndī (participle present)
fnoʀukōd (participle past)

desc

Old Frisian: *fnurkia, *fnorkia, *snurkia, *snorkia

Saterland Frisian: snurkje

West Frisian: snoarkje

Old Saxon: *fnurkōn, *fnorkōn, *snurkōn, *snorkōn

Middle Low German: snorken, snurken

German Low German:

Altmärkisch, North Low German: snurken

Westphalian:

Bentheimisch, Lippisch, Westmünsterländisch: schnorken

Sauerländisch: schnuarken, schnöerken (Wenden)

Plautdietsch: schnorke

→ Danish: snorke

→ Norwegian Bokmål: snorke

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: snorke, snorka

Old Dutch: *fnorkon, *snorkon

Middle Dutch: snorken, snorcken

Dutch: snurken, snorken

→ English: snork

→ Scots: snork, snurk


kuʀjan

kuʀjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
kuʀjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
kuʀjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
kuʀjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
kuʀju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
kuʀidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
kuʀisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
kuʀidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kuʀidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kuʀiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
kuʀidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kuʀidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kuʀjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
kuʀidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
kuʀiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
kuʀidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
kuʀjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
kuʀidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
kuʀjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
kuʀidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
kuʀjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
kuʀidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kuʀjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
kuʀidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kuʀjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
kuʀidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
kuʀjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
kuʀidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
kuʀjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
kuʀidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
kuʀi (class-1 present singular weak)
kuʀiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
kuʀjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
kuʀid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *kurian

Middle Low German: küren

Old Dutch: *curien

Middle Dutch: kueren

Dutch: keuren (merged in meaning with the descendant of *koʀōn)

Old High German: *kurien

Middle High German: küren

German: küren

From *kuʀi, *koʀ (“choice, decision”) + *-jan.


kaldijan

kaldijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
kaldijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
kaldijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
kaldijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
kaldiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
kaldidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
kaldisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
kaldidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kaldidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kaldiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
kaldidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kaldidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kaldijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
kaldidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
kaldiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
kaldidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
kaldijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
kaldidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
kaldijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
kaldidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
kaldijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
kaldidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kaldijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
kaldidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kaldijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
kaldidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
kaldijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
kaldidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
kaldijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
kaldidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
kaldi (class-1 present singular weak)
kaldiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
kaldijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
kaldid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Frisian: kelda

Old High German: *kelten

Middle High German: kelten

⇒ Middle High German: erkelten

German: erkälten


uʀhauhijan

uʀhauhijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
uʀhauhijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
uʀhauhijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
uʀhauhijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
uʀhauhiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
uʀhauhidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
uʀhauhisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
uʀhauhidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
uʀhauhidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
uʀhauhiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
uʀhauhidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
uʀhauhidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
uʀhauhijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
uʀhauhidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
uʀhauhiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
uʀhauhidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
uʀhauhijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
uʀhauhidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
uʀhauhijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
uʀhauhidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
uʀhauhijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
uʀhauhidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
uʀhauhijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
uʀhauhidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
uʀhauhijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
uʀhauhidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
uʀhauhijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
uʀhauhidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
uʀhauhijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
uʀhauhidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
uʀhauhi (class-1 present singular weak)
uʀhauhiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
uʀhauhijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
uʀhauhid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon:

Middle Low German: erhȫgen

Old Dutch: irhōen

Old High German: irhōhen

Middle High German: erhöhen

German: erhöhen


skadwijan

skadwijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
skadwijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
skadwijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
skadwijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
skadwiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skadwidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skadwisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skadwidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skadwidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skadwiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skadwidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skadwidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skadwijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skadwidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skadwiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skadwidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skadwijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skadwidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skadwijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skadwidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skadwijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skadwidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skadwijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skadwidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skadwijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skadwidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skadwijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skadwidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skadwijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skadwidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skadwi (class-1 present singular weak)
skadwiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
skadwijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
skadwid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: skadoian

Old Dutch: skediwen

Old High German: *sketiwen

Middle High German: schetewen

From Proto-Germanic *skadwijaną, equivalent to *skadu (“shadow”) + *-jan.


blakkjan

blakkjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
blakkjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
blakkjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
blakkjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
blakkju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
blakidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
blakisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
blakidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blakidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blakiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
blakidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blakidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blakkjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
blakidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
blakiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
blakidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
blakkjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
blakidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
blakkjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
blakidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
blakkjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
blakidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blakkjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
blakidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blakkjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
blakidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
blakkjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
blakidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
blakkjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
blakidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
blaki (class-1 present singular weak)
blakiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
blakkjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
blakid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Frisian: blesza

Old Saxon: *blekkian

Middle Low German: blecken

Old Dutch: *blecken

Middle Dutch: blecken

Dutch: blekken

Old High German: *blecken

Middle High German: blecken

German: blecken

Unclear, seems to be related to *blankijan. Possibly a factitive verb derived from *blak, in it's original meaning 'shining' instead of meaning 'burnt'.


rēmō

rēmō (nominative singular)
rēman (nominative plural)
rēman (accusative singular)
rēman (accusative plural)
rēmini (genitive singular)
rēman (genitive singular)
rēmanō (genitive plural)
rēmini (dative singular)
rēman (dative singular)
rēmum (dative plural)
rēmini (instrumental singular)
rēman (instrumental singular)
rēmum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *rema

Middle English: reme, reeme (and/or from Old French reme)

Old Frisian: rēma

North Frisian:

Föhr-Amrum: riam

Halligen: riime

Sylt: Rem

West Frisian: riemme, rieme, riem

Hindeloopen: reeme

Schiermonnikoog: riem

Terschelling: riem

Old Saxon: *rēmo

Middle Low German: rême

Dutch Low Saxon: reem

German Low German: Reem

Old Dutch: *riemo

Middle Dutch: rieme

Dutch: riem

Afrikaans: riem

Limburgish: reem

desctree

Old High German: riemo
Middle High German: rieme
German: Riemen


līnā

līnā (nominative singular)
līnōn (nominative plural)
līnōn (accusative singular)
līnōn (accusative plural)
līnōn (genitive singular)
līnōnō (genitive plural)
līnōn (dative singular)
līnōm (dative plural)
līnum (dative plural)
līnōn (instrumental singular)
līnōm (instrumental plural)
līnum (instrumental plural)

Old English: līne

Middle English: line

Scots: line

English: line

Old Frisian: līne

North Frisian: liin

Saterland Frisian: Liene

West Frisian: line

Old Saxon: *līna

Middle Low German: lîne

German Low German: Lien

Old Dutch: *līna

Middle Dutch: line

Dutch: lijn, linnen

Old High German: līna

Middle High German: līne

German: Leine

→ Polish: lina

Luxembourgish: Léngt


bōtu

bōtu (nominative singular)
bōtō (nominative plural)
bōtā (accusative singular)
bōtā (accusative plural)
bōtā (genitive singular)
bōtō (genitive plural)
bōtē (dative singular)
bōtōm (dative plural)
bōtum (dative plural)
bōtu (instrumental singular)
bōtōm (instrumental plural)
bōtum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bōt

Middle English: bot, bote, boote

English: boot

→ English: bote

Scots: bute, buit

Old Frisian: bōte

Saterland Frisian: Boate

West Frisian: boete

Old Saxon: bōta

Middle Low German: bote, bôte, bute

Low German: Bote

Old Dutch: *buota

Middle Dutch: boete

Dutch: boete

Afrikaans: boete

Old High German: buoza, buoz

Middle High German: buoze

German: Buße

Luxembourgish: Bouss


kelā

kelā (nominative singular)
kelōn (nominative plural)
kelōn (accusative singular)
kelōn (accusative plural)
kelōn (genitive singular)
kelōnō (genitive plural)
kelōn (dative singular)
kelōm (dative plural)
kelum (dative plural)
kelōn (instrumental singular)
kelōm (instrumental plural)
kelum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ċeole, ċiole

Middle English: chel, cholle, joll

English: jowl

Scots: chowl, choul

Old Frisian: *kele

Saterland Frisian: Kääle

West Frisian: kiel

⇒ Old Frisian: kolk

Saterland Frisian: Kolk

West Frisian: kolcke

Old Saxon: kela

Middle Low German: kēle, keele

German Low German: Kehl

Old Dutch: kela

Middle Dutch: kēle

Dutch: keel
Afrikaans: keel
Negerhollands: keel

Limburgish: kael

Old High German: kela, chela
Middle High German: kële, kël
Cimbrian: khéela
German: Kehle


skurtijā

skurtijā (nominative singular)
skurtijōn (nominative plural)
skurtijōn (accusative singular)
skurtijōn (accusative plural)
skurtijōn (genitive singular)
skurtijōnō (genitive plural)
skurtijōn (dative singular)
skurtijōm (dative plural)
skurtijum (dative plural)
skurtijōn (instrumental singular)
skurtijōm (instrumental plural)
skurtijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sċyrte
Middle English: sherte, schuyrte, schert, shert, schurte, shurte, sserte, schirte, schyrt, scherte, shearte, shyrte, shirt, scurte (early southern west mid)
English: shirt (see there for further descendants)
Scots: schirt, shurt
Yola: shoorth, skoorth

Old Frisian: *skerte, *skorte; *skertel

North Frisian: Sjürt (Sylt)

West Frisian: skerte

Saterland Frisian: Schoarte

⇒ Old Frisian: skerteldōk

West Frisian: skerteldoek, skeldoek

Old Saxon: *skurtia

Middle Low German: schorte, schörte

Low German: Schörte

q

→ German: Schürze (or backformation from the plural of Schurz)

→ Old Danish:

Danish: skørt

Norwegian Bokmål: skjørt

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: skjørt

→ Old Swedish: skørt, skyrt

Swedish: skört

Old Dutch: *skurta

Middle Dutch: schorte

desctree

Dutch: schort
Negerhollands: skorte
→ Papiamentu: skòrt, schortsje, skortje


hūilōn

hūilōn (infinitive)
hūilōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hūilōnijē (dative infinitive)
hūilōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hūilō (first-person present singular)
hūilōdā (first-person past singular)
hūilōs (present second-person singular)
hūilōdēs (past second-person singular)
hūilōdōs (past second-person singular)
hūilōþ (present singular third-person)
hūilōdē (past singular third-person)
hūilōdā (past singular third-person)
hūilōm (first-person plural present)
hūilōdum (first-person past plural)
hūilōþ (plural present second-person)
hūilōdud (past plural second-person)
hūilōnþ (plural present third-person)
hūilōdun (past plural third-person)
hūilōdī (first-person past singular)
hūilōdī (past second-person singular)
hūilō (present singular third-person)
hūilōdī (past singular third-person)
hūilōdīm (first-person past plural)
hūilōdīd (past plural second-person)
hūilōn (plural present third-person)
hūilōdīn (past plural third-person)
hūilō (present singular)
hūilōþ (plural present)
hūilōndī (participle present)
hūilōd (participle past)

Old English: *hūlian
Middle English: howlen, howlyn, hulen
English: howl
Scots: howl
Yola: hol

Old Frisian: *hūlia

Saterland Frisian: huulje

West Frisian: huilje

Old Saxon: *hūwilōn, *hūlōn

Middle Low German: hü̂len, hûlen

German Low German: hulen

→ Danish: hyle

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: hyle

Norwegian Nynorsk: hyla

→ Swedish: hyla

Old Dutch: *hūlon

Middle Dutch: hulen
Dutch: huilen
Afrikaans: huil
Negerhollands: hyelen, hyel
Limburgish: hule

Old High German: hūwilōn, hūlōn; hiuwilōn, hiwilōn

desc

Middle High German: hūwelen, hūwlen, hūlen; hiuwelen, hiulen, hielen

Alemannic German: hüüwle

German: heulen

→ Old French: uller, ouler