mālōn

mālōn (infinitive)
mālōnijas (genitive infinitive)
mālōnijē (dative infinitive)
mālōniju (infinitive instrumental)
mālō (first-person present singular)
mālōdā (first-person past singular)
mālōs (present second-person singular)
mālōdēs (past second-person singular)
mālōdōs (past second-person singular)
mālōþ (present singular third-person)
mālōdē (past singular third-person)
mālōdā (past singular third-person)
mālōm (first-person plural present)
mālōdum (first-person past plural)
mālōþ (plural present second-person)
mālōdud (past plural second-person)
mālōnþ (plural present third-person)
mālōdun (past plural third-person)
mālōdī (first-person past singular)
mālōdī (past second-person singular)
mālō (present singular third-person)
mālōdī (past singular third-person)
mālōdīm (first-person past plural)
mālōdīd (past plural second-person)
mālōn (plural present third-person)
mālōdīn (past plural third-person)
mālō (present singular)
mālōþ (plural present)
mālōndī (participle present)
mālōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: mēlia

West Frisian: mielje

Saterland Frisian: moalje

Old Saxon: mālōn

Middle Low German: mālen

German Low German: malen

→ Danish: male

→ Old Swedish: māla

Swedish: måla

Old Dutch: *mālon

desctree

Middle Dutch: mâlen
Dutch: malen
Afrikaans: maal
Berbice Creole Dutch: mali
Negerhollands: maal
Limburgish: male

Old High German: mālōn, mālēn

Middle High German: mālen

German: malen

→ Polish: malować

Yiddish: מאָלן (moln)

From Proto-Germanic *mēlōną. Equivalent to *māl (“stain, mark, spot”) + *-ōn.


olibaum

olibaum (nominative singular)
olibaumō (nominative plural)
olibaumōs (nominative plural)
olibaum (accusative singular)
olibaumā (accusative plural)
olibaumas (genitive singular)
olibaumō (genitive plural)
olibaumē (dative singular)
olibaumum (dative plural)
olibaumu (instrumental singular)
olibaumum (instrumental plural)

Old English: elebēam

Middle English: elebeme

Old Saxon: *olibōm

desc

Middle Low German: ö̂liebôm, olibôm, olgebôm, oleybôm

Old Dutch: *olibōm

Middle Dutch: olieboom

Dutch: olieboom

Old High German: oliboum, oleboum, oleiboum

Middle High German: öleboum, ölboum, ölepoum, olpoum, olepoum, ölepām, olpām, olepām

German: Ölbaum

From *oli (“oil, olive”) + *baum (“tree”).


būwēn

būwēn (infinitive)
būwēnijas (genitive infinitive)
būwēnijē (dative infinitive)
būwēniju (infinitive instrumental)
būwē (first-person present singular)
būw?dā (first-person past singular)
būwēs (present second-person singular)
būw?dēs (past second-person singular)
būwēþ (present singular third-person)
būw?dē (past singular third-person)
būw?dā (past singular third-person)
būwēm (first-person plural present)
būw?dum (first-person past plural)
būwēþ (plural present second-person)
būw?dud (past plural second-person)
būwēnþ (plural present third-person)
būw?dun (past plural third-person)
būw?dī (first-person past singular)
būw?dī (past second-person singular)
būwē (present singular third-person)
būw?dī (past singular third-person)
būw?dīm (first-person past plural)
būw?dīd (past plural second-person)
būwēn (plural present third-person)
būw?dīn (past plural third-person)
būwē (present singular)
būwēþ (plural present)
būwēndī (participle present)
būw?d (participle past)

Old English: bogian, bugian

Old Frisian: bogia


īsēn

īsēn (infinitive)
īsēnijas (genitive infinitive)
īsēnijē (dative infinitive)
īsēniju (infinitive instrumental)
īsē (first-person present singular)
īs?dā (first-person past singular)
īsēs (present second-person singular)
īs?dēs (past second-person singular)
īsēþ (present singular third-person)
īs?dē (past singular third-person)
īs?dā (past singular third-person)
īsēm (first-person plural present)
īs?dum (first-person past plural)
īsēþ (plural present second-person)
īs?dud (past plural second-person)
īsēnþ (plural present third-person)
īs?dun (past plural third-person)
īs?dī (first-person past singular)
īs?dī (past second-person singular)
īsē (present singular third-person)
īs?dī (past singular third-person)
īs?dīm (first-person past plural)
īs?dīd (past plural second-person)
īsēn (plural present third-person)
īs?dīn (past plural third-person)
īsē (present singular)
īsēþ (plural present)
īsēndī (participle present)
īs?d (participle past)

Old English: *īsian

Middle English: īsen

Old Frisian: *īsia

West Frisian: iizje

Old Saxon: *īsōn

Middle Low German: īsen

Old Dutch: *īson

Middle Dutch: *isen

Dutch: ijzen

Afrikaans: ys

Old High German: īsēn

Middle High German: īsen

German: eisen

From Proto-Germanic *īsāną. Equivalent to *īs (“ice”) + *-ēn.


īhu

īhu (nominative singular)
īhwō (nominative plural)
īhwōs (nominative plural)
īhu (accusative singular)
īhwā (accusative plural)
īhwas (genitive singular)
īhwō (genitive plural)
īhwē (dative singular)
īhum (dative plural)
īhu (instrumental singular)
īhum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: īw, ēow, ēoh
Middle English: ew, u, iw, iv, eev, hw, ewe
English: yew
Scots: yew, ewe
Yola: yew

Old Saxon: īh, īch

Middle Low German: îve, yue, iwe

German Low German: Iev

Old Dutch: *īwa

q

Middle Dutch: ieve, ijf (possibly a reborrowing from Latin or Romance)

Dutch: ijf

desc

Old High German: īwa, eiba, īgo, īga, īha f

Middle High German: īwe, ībe

Alemannic German: Iche, Ige

Cimbrian: aiba

German: Eibe

Yiddish: אייבנבוים (eybnboym)

→ Late Latin: ivus, *iva

Spanish: iva

desctree

Old French: if
Middle French: if
French: if
Norman: if


larikā

larikā (nominative singular)
larikōn (nominative plural)
larikōn (accusative singular)
larikōn (accusative plural)
larikōn (genitive singular)
larikōnō (genitive plural)
larikōn (dative singular)
larikōm (dative plural)
larikum (dative plural)
larikōn (instrumental singular)
larikōm (instrumental plural)
larikum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian:

>? West Frisian: liere

Old Dutch: *lerika

Middle Dutch: *lerke

Dutch: lerk

→ Danish: lærk

→ Faroese: lerk

→ Icelandic: lerki

→ Norwegian: lerk

→ Swedish: lärk

Old High German: lerihha
Middle High German: larche, lerche
German: Lärche, Larche (Early Modern German)
→ Dutch: lork
Afrikaans: lork
→ English: larch

From Vulgar Latin *larica, from Late Latin larix (“larch”).


sabinā

sabinā (nominative singular)
sabinōn (nominative plural)
sabinōn (accusative singular)
sabinōn (accusative plural)
sabinōn (genitive singular)
sabinōnō (genitive plural)
sabinōn (dative singular)
sabinōm (dative plural)
sabinum (dative plural)
sabinōn (instrumental singular)
sabinōm (instrumental plural)
sabinum (instrumental plural)

Old English: safīne, safene, savīne, savene

desc

Middle English: sauine, saveyn, sauen, sauyn (partially from Old French)

English: savin, savine

Old Saxon: *sebina

Middle Low German: sēven

Old High German: sefina, sevina, sauen

Middle High German: seven, sefen


salbejā

salbejā (nominative singular)
salbejōn (nominative plural)
salbejōn (accusative singular)
salbejōn (accusative plural)
salbejōn (genitive singular)
salbejōnō (genitive plural)
salbejōn (dative singular)
salbejōm (dative plural)
salbejum (dative plural)
salbejōn (instrumental singular)
salbejōm (instrumental plural)
salbejum (instrumental plural)

Old English: salfie, salfige

Middle English: salvie

Old Saxon: selvia

Middle Low German: salvîe, salvye, salvîge, salveige, salveie, salvei

German Low German: Selwe, Salwegge

Old Dutch: *salviga

Middle Dutch: saelge, saelgie, saelie, salie, selve

Dutch: salie

Old High German: salbeia, salveia, salveghe f, salbei m

Middle High German: salbeie, salveie

German: Salbei

Borrowed from Late Latin salvegia, from Latin salvia.


argēn

argēn (infinitive)
argēnijas (genitive infinitive)
argēnijē (dative infinitive)
argēniju (infinitive instrumental)
argē (first-person present singular)
arg?dā (first-person past singular)
argēs (present second-person singular)
arg?dēs (past second-person singular)
argēþ (present singular third-person)
arg?dē (past singular third-person)
arg?dā (past singular third-person)
argēm (first-person plural present)
arg?dum (first-person past plural)
argēþ (plural present second-person)
arg?dud (past plural second-person)
argēnþ (plural present third-person)
arg?dun (past plural third-person)
arg?dī (first-person past singular)
arg?dī (past second-person singular)
argē (present singular third-person)
arg?dī (past singular third-person)
arg?dīm (first-person past plural)
arg?dīd (past plural second-person)
argēn (plural present third-person)
arg?dīn (past plural third-person)
argē (present singular)
argēþ (plural present)
argēndī (participle present)
arg?d (participle past)

Old English: eargian

Middle English: arȝen

Old Frisian: ergia

Old Saxon: *argōn

Middle Low German: argen

desctree

Old Dutch: *argon
Middle Dutch: argen, ergen

Old High German: argēn

Middle High German: argen


welkēn

welkēn (infinitive)
welkēnijas (genitive infinitive)
welkēnijē (dative infinitive)
welkēniju (infinitive instrumental)
welkē (first-person present singular)
welk?dā (first-person past singular)
welkēs (present second-person singular)
welk?dēs (past second-person singular)
welkēþ (present singular third-person)
welk?dē (past singular third-person)
welk?dā (past singular third-person)
welkēm (first-person plural present)
welk?dum (first-person past plural)
welkēþ (plural present second-person)
welk?dud (past plural second-person)
welkēnþ (plural present third-person)
welk?dun (past plural third-person)
welk?dī (first-person past singular)
welk?dī (past second-person singular)
welkē (present singular third-person)
welk?dī (past singular third-person)
welk?dīm (first-person past plural)
welk?dīd (past plural second-person)
welkēn (plural present third-person)
welk?dīn (past plural third-person)
welkē (present singular)
welkēþ (plural present)
welkēndī (participle present)
welk?d (participle past)

Old English: *wealcian

Middle English: welken

English: welk

Old Frisian: wilia

Old Saxon: *welkōn

Middle High German: welken

Old Dutch: *welcon
Middle Dutch: welken
Dutch: welken

Old High German: welkēn, welhēn

Middle High German: welken

German: welken

Most likely from an unattested adjective *welk (“moist, withering”) + *-ēn, which goes back to Proto-Indo-European *welg- (“moist; wet”), compare Lithuanian vilgyti (“to make wet”). Could go back to a hypothetical Proto-Germanic *welkāną, but is only attested in West Germanic.


bētā

bētā (nominative singular)
bētōn (nominative plural)
bētōn (accusative singular)
bētōn (accusative plural)
bētōn (genitive singular)
bētōnō (genitive plural)
bētōn (dative singular)
bētōm (dative plural)
bētum (dative plural)
bētōn (instrumental singular)
bētōm (instrumental plural)
bētum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bēte

desctree

Middle English: bete, beet
English: beet
→ Chickasaw: (from the plural) biits
→ Hawaiian: piki
→ Maori: pīti

Old Frisian: bete

Old Saxon: *bēta

Middle Low German: bête

German Low German: Beet

Plautdietsch: Beet

→ Danish: bede

→ Estonian: peet

→ German: Bete

→ Latvian: biete

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Nynorsk: bete

Norwegian Bokmål: bete

→ Swedish: beta

Old Dutch: *bēta

Middle Dutch: bête

Dutch: biet
Afrikaans: beet
→ Indonesian: beet

Old High German: bieza

Middle High German: bieze, bizza

Bavarian: Bießen (Tirol)

⇒ Bavarian: Pießl, Bießl

→ Slovene: pesa


gingiberō

gingiberō (nominative singular)
gingiberan (nominative plural)
gingiberan (accusative singular)
gingiberan (accusative plural)
gingibirini (genitive singular)
gingiberan (genitive singular)
gingiberanō (genitive plural)
gingibirini (dative singular)
gingiberan (dative singular)
gingiberum (dative plural)
gingibirini (instrumental singular)
gingiberan (instrumental singular)
gingiberum (instrumental plural)

Old English: gingifer f, gingiber, gingifere
Middle English: gingivere, gingere, gingivre, gingyver, gynger, gyngere, gyngever, gyngiver, gyngyver, gyngyvyr (contaminated by Old French)
English: ginger
→ Greek: τζίντζερ (tzíntzer)
→ Japanese: ジンジャー (jinjā)
→ Maltese: ġinġer
→ Manx: jinshar
→ Welsh: sinsir
→ Zulu: újínja
Scots: ginger, ginge
→ Irish: sinséar
→ Scottish Gaelic: dinnsear
→ Manx: jinshar
→ Welsh: sinsir

Old Saxon: *gingibera, *ingibera

desc

Middle Low German: ingever, inghever, ingeber, incheber, engever, engewer, engevar, engeber, gengever, gengevar, gengefer, gengwer, gengewer, genckver, genwer, gingeber, gingever, gangeber

German Low German:

Low Prussian: Engfäär

Plautdietsch: Enjwa

→ Danish: ingefær

→ Faroese: ingifer

→ Icelandic: engifer

→ Norwegian: ingefær

→ Swedish: ingefära

→ Finnish: inkivääri

Old Dutch: *gingibero

Middle Dutch: gingebare, gigeberre, gengeber, gingeber, gengevar, ginghebare

desctree

Dutch: gember
Afrikaans: gemmer
Berbice Creole Dutch: gembru
Jersey Dutch: jäämver
→ Lokono: sizembri
→ Papiamentu: ehèmber, gèmber, hember
→ West Frisian: gimber

Old High German: gingibero, gingiber, ingiber
Middle High German: ingeber, ingewer, ingwer, gingebere
German: Ingwer, Ingber, Imber (dialectal, obsolete)
→ Estonian: ingver
→ Latvian: ingvers
→ Luxembourgish: Ingwer
→ Polish: imbir
→ Belarusian: імбір (imbir)
→ Lithuanian: imbieras
→ Russian: имби́рь (imbírʹ)
→ Ukrainian: імби́р (imbýr)
→ Slovene: īngver, īmber
→ Lower Sorbian: ingwer
→ Upper Sorbian: himbjer, ingwer
Yiddish: אינגבער (ingber)

Borrowed from Late Latin gingiber, from Latin zingiberī.


jungēn

jungēn (infinitive)
jungēnijas (genitive infinitive)
jungēnijē (dative infinitive)
jungēniju (infinitive instrumental)
jungē (first-person present singular)
jung?dā (first-person past singular)
jungēs (present second-person singular)
jung?dēs (past second-person singular)
jungēþ (present singular third-person)
jung?dē (past singular third-person)
jung?dā (past singular third-person)
jungēm (first-person plural present)
jung?dum (first-person past plural)
jungēþ (plural present second-person)
jung?dud (past plural second-person)
jungēnþ (plural present third-person)
jung?dun (past plural third-person)
jung?dī (first-person past singular)
jung?dī (past second-person singular)
jungē (present singular third-person)
jung?dī (past singular third-person)
jung?dīm (first-person past plural)
jung?dīd (past plural second-person)
jungēn (plural present third-person)
jung?dīn (past plural third-person)
jungē (present singular)
jungēþ (plural present)
jungēndī (participle present)
jung?d (participle past)

Old English: *ġeongian

Middle English: yongen

Old Dutch: *jungon
Middle Dutch: jongen

Old High German: jungēn

Middle High German: jungen


krankēn

krankēn (infinitive)
krankēnijas (genitive infinitive)
krankēnijē (dative infinitive)
krankēniju (infinitive instrumental)
krankē (first-person present singular)
krank?dā (first-person past singular)
krankēs (present second-person singular)
krank?dēs (past second-person singular)
krankēþ (present singular third-person)
krank?dē (past singular third-person)
krank?dā (past singular third-person)
krankēm (first-person plural present)
krank?dum (first-person past plural)
krankēþ (plural present second-person)
krank?dud (past plural second-person)
krankēnþ (plural present third-person)
krank?dun (past plural third-person)
krank?dī (first-person past singular)
krank?dī (past second-person singular)
krankē (present singular third-person)
krank?dī (past singular third-person)
krank?dīm (first-person past plural)
krank?dīd (past plural second-person)
krankēn (plural present third-person)
krank?dīn (past plural third-person)
krankē (present singular)
krankēþ (plural present)
krankēndī (participle present)
krank?d (participle past)

Old Saxon: *krankōn

Middle Low German: kranken

Old Dutch: *crancon
Middle Dutch: cranken
Dutch: kranken (obsolete)

Old High German: *krankēn

⇒ Old High German: bikrankēn

Middle High German: kranken

German: kranken


hlūstrēn

hlūstrēn (infinitive)
hlūstrēnijas (genitive infinitive)
hlūstrēnijē (dative infinitive)
hlūstrēniju (infinitive instrumental)
hlūstrē (first-person present singular)
hlūstr?dā (first-person past singular)
hlūstrēs (present second-person singular)
hlūstr?dēs (past second-person singular)
hlūstrēþ (present singular third-person)
hlūstr?dē (past singular third-person)
hlūstr?dā (past singular third-person)
hlūstrēm (first-person plural present)
hlūstr?dum (first-person past plural)
hlūstrēþ (plural present second-person)
hlūstr?dud (past plural second-person)
hlūstrēnþ (plural present third-person)
hlūstr?dun (past plural third-person)
hlūstr?dī (first-person past singular)
hlūstr?dī (past second-person singular)
hlūstrē (present singular third-person)
hlūstr?dī (past singular third-person)
hlūstr?dīm (first-person past plural)
hlūstr?dīd (past plural second-person)
hlūstrēn (plural present third-person)
hlūstr?dīn (past plural third-person)
hlūstrē (present singular)
hlūstrēþ (plural present)
hlūstrēndī (participle present)
hlūstr?d (participle past)

Old Frisian: *hlūstria

Saterland Frisian: lusterje

West Frisian: lústerje

Old Saxon: *hlūstarōn

Middle Low German: lūsteren, lüsteren

Low German: luustern

→ Norwegian:

→ Norwegian Bokmål: lystre

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: lystre, lystra

→ Swedish: lystra

→ Danish: lystre

Old Dutch: *lūstaron
Middle Dutch: luusteren
Dutch: luisteren
Afrikaans: luister
Limburgish: loestere

Old High German: lūstarēn

Middle High German: lūsteren

Central Franconian: luustere, laustere

Luxembourgish: lauschteren

German: laustern (archaic)

Closely related to *hlust (“hearing, ear”), which ultimately descends from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to hear”).


berhtēn

berhtēn (infinitive)
berhtēnijas (genitive infinitive)
berhtēnijē (dative infinitive)
berhtēniju (infinitive instrumental)
berhtē (first-person present singular)
berht?dā (first-person past singular)
berhtēs (present second-person singular)
berht?dēs (past second-person singular)
berhtēþ (present singular third-person)
berht?dē (past singular third-person)
berht?dā (past singular third-person)
berhtēm (first-person plural present)
berht?dum (first-person past plural)
berhtēþ (plural present second-person)
berht?dud (past plural second-person)
berhtēnþ (plural present third-person)
berht?dun (past plural third-person)
berht?dī (first-person past singular)
berht?dī (past second-person singular)
berhtē (present singular third-person)
berht?dī (past singular third-person)
berht?dīm (first-person past plural)
berht?dīd (past plural second-person)
berhtēn (plural present third-person)
berht?dīn (past plural third-person)
berhtē (present singular)
berhtēþ (plural present)
berhtēndī (participle present)
berht?d (participle past)

Old English: beorhtian, beorhtiġan

Middle English: brighten

Old High German: berahtēn


skimbalēn

skimbalēn (infinitive)
skimbalēnijas (genitive infinitive)
skimbalēnijē (dative infinitive)
skimbalēniju (infinitive instrumental)
skimbalē (first-person present singular)
skimbal?dā (first-person past singular)
skimbalēs (present second-person singular)
skimbal?dēs (past second-person singular)
skimbalēþ (present singular third-person)
skimbal?dē (past singular third-person)
skimbal?dā (past singular third-person)
skimbalēm (first-person plural present)
skimbal?dum (first-person past plural)
skimbalēþ (plural present second-person)
skimbal?dud (past plural second-person)
skimbalēnþ (plural present third-person)
skimbal?dun (past plural third-person)
skimbal?dī (first-person past singular)
skimbal?dī (past second-person singular)
skimbalē (present singular third-person)
skimbal?dī (past singular third-person)
skimbal?dīm (first-person past plural)
skimbal?dīd (past plural second-person)
skimbalēn (plural present third-person)
skimbal?dīn (past plural third-person)
skimbalē (present singular)
skimbalēþ (plural present)
skimbalēndī (participle present)
skimbal?d (participle past)

Old Frisian: *skimbalia

West Frisian: skimmelje

Old Saxon: *skimbalōn

desc

Middle Low German: schimmelen, schēmelen

desctree

Old Dutch: *skimbalon
Middle Dutch: schimmelen
Dutch: schimmelen

Old High German: *skimbalēn

⇒ Old High German: irskimbalēn

Middle High German: schimmelen

German: schimmeln


strakkēn

strakkēn (infinitive)
strakkēnijas (genitive infinitive)
strakkēnijē (dative infinitive)
strakkēniju (infinitive instrumental)
strakkē (first-person present singular)
strakk?dā (first-person past singular)
strakkēs (present second-person singular)
strakk?dēs (past second-person singular)
strakkēþ (present singular third-person)
strakk?dē (past singular third-person)
strakk?dā (past singular third-person)
strakkēm (first-person plural present)
strakk?dum (first-person past plural)
strakkēþ (plural present second-person)
strakk?dud (past plural second-person)
strakkēnþ (plural present third-person)
strakk?dun (past plural third-person)
strakk?dī (first-person past singular)
strakk?dī (past second-person singular)
strakkē (present singular third-person)
strakk?dī (past singular third-person)
strakk?dīm (first-person past plural)
strakk?dīd (past plural second-person)
strakkēn (plural present third-person)
strakk?dīn (past plural third-person)
strakkē (present singular)
strakkēþ (plural present)
strakkēndī (participle present)
strakk?d (participle past)

Old Saxon: *strakkōn

Middle Low German: stracken

Old Dutch: *strackon

Middle Dutch: *stracken

Dutch: strakken (obsolete)

Old High German: strakkēn

Middle High German: stracken

From *strak (“tense, stretched”) + *-ēn.


grautēn

grautēn (infinitive)
grautēnijas (genitive infinitive)
grautēnijē (dative infinitive)
grautēniju (infinitive instrumental)
grautē (first-person present singular)
graut?dā (first-person past singular)
grautēs (present second-person singular)
graut?dēs (past second-person singular)
grautēþ (present singular third-person)
graut?dē (past singular third-person)
graut?dā (past singular third-person)
grautēm (first-person plural present)
graut?dum (first-person past plural)
grautēþ (plural present second-person)
graut?dud (past plural second-person)
grautēnþ (plural present third-person)
graut?dun (past plural third-person)
graut?dī (first-person past singular)
graut?dī (past second-person singular)
grautē (present singular third-person)
graut?dī (past singular third-person)
graut?dīm (first-person past plural)
graut?dīd (past plural second-person)
grautēn (plural present third-person)
graut?dīn (past plural third-person)
grautē (present singular)
grautēþ (plural present)
grautēndī (participle present)
graut?d (participle past)

Old English: grēatian

Middle English: greten

Old Saxon: *grōtōn

Middle Low German: grōten

Old Dutch: *grōton
Middle Dutch: grôten
Dutch: groten

Old High German: grōzēn

Middle High German: grōzen

German: großen (obsolete)


rautēn

rautēn (infinitive)
rautēnijas (genitive infinitive)
rautēnijē (dative infinitive)
rautēniju (infinitive instrumental)
rautē (first-person present singular)
raut?dā (first-person past singular)
rautēs (present second-person singular)
raut?dēs (past second-person singular)
rautēþ (present singular third-person)
raut?dē (past singular third-person)
raut?dā (past singular third-person)
rautēm (first-person plural present)
raut?dum (first-person past plural)
rautēþ (plural present second-person)
raut?dud (past plural second-person)
rautēnþ (plural present third-person)
raut?dun (past plural third-person)
raut?dī (first-person past singular)
raut?dī (past second-person singular)
rautē (present singular third-person)
raut?dī (past singular third-person)
raut?dīm (first-person past plural)
raut?dīd (past plural second-person)
rautēn (plural present third-person)
raut?dīn (past plural third-person)
rautē (present singular)
rautēþ (plural present)
rautēndī (participle present)
raut?d (participle past)

Old Saxon: *rōtōn

Middle Low German: rōten

Old High German: rōzēn

Middle High German: rōzen


buhsabaum

bohsabaum (nominative singular)
bohsabaumō (nominative plural)
bohsabaumōs (nominative plural)
bohsabaum (accusative singular)
bohsabaumā (accusative plural)
bohsabaumas (genitive singular)
bohsabaumō (genitive plural)
bohsabaumē (dative singular)
bohsabaumum (dative plural)
bohsabaumu (instrumental singular)
bohsabaumum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *buchsbām, *busbām

Saterland Frisian: Busboom

West Frisian: buksbeam

Old Saxon: buhsbōm

Middle Low German: busbôm, bussebom

German Low German:

Altmarkisch: Buschboom

Ostfriesisch: Bussboom

Westphalian: Bußbaom

→ Danish: buksbom

→ Norwegian: buxbom

→ Swedish: buxbom

→ Finnish: puksipuu

Old Dutch: *buhsbōm

Middle Dutch: bosboom, buschboom

Dutch: buksboom

→ Scots: buschbome, buschboun

Old High German: buhsboum

Middle High German: buhsboum, puhspoum

German: Buchsbaum

→ Polish: bukszpan

From *buhs (“boxwood”) + *baum (“tree”).


balþēn

balþēn (infinitive)
balþēnijas (genitive infinitive)
balþēnijē (dative infinitive)
balþēniju (infinitive instrumental)
balþē (first-person present singular)
balþ?dā (first-person past singular)
balþēs (present second-person singular)
balþ?dēs (past second-person singular)
balþēþ (present singular third-person)
balþ?dē (past singular third-person)
balþ?dā (past singular third-person)
balþēm (first-person plural present)
balþ?dum (first-person past plural)
balþēþ (plural present second-person)
balþ?dud (past plural second-person)
balþēnþ (plural present third-person)
balþ?dun (past plural third-person)
balþ?dī (first-person past singular)
balþ?dī (past second-person singular)
balþē (present singular third-person)
balþ?dī (past singular third-person)
balþ?dīm (first-person past plural)
balþ?dīd (past plural second-person)
balþēn (plural present third-person)
balþ?dīn (past plural third-person)
balþē (present singular)
balþēþ (plural present)
balþēndī (participle present)
balþ?d (participle past)

Old English: bealdian

Middle English: bolden

Old Saxon: *baldōn

Middle Low German: *bōlden

⇒ Middle Low German: vörbōlden

Old Dutch: *baldon
Middle Dutch: bouden

Old High German: baldēn

Middle High German: balden


aldēn

aldēn (infinitive)
aldēnijas (genitive infinitive)
aldēnijē (dative infinitive)
aldēniju (infinitive instrumental)
aldē (first-person present singular)
ald?dā (first-person past singular)
aldēs (present second-person singular)
ald?dēs (past second-person singular)
aldēþ (present singular third-person)
ald?dē (past singular third-person)
ald?dā (past singular third-person)
aldēm (first-person plural present)
ald?dum (first-person past plural)
aldēþ (plural present second-person)
ald?dud (past plural second-person)
aldēnþ (plural present third-person)
ald?dun (past plural third-person)
ald?dī (first-person past singular)
ald?dī (past second-person singular)
aldē (present singular third-person)
ald?dī (past singular third-person)
ald?dīm (first-person past plural)
ald?dīd (past plural second-person)
aldēn (plural present third-person)
ald?dīn (past plural third-person)
aldē (present singular)
aldēþ (plural present)
aldēndī (participle present)
ald?d (participle past)

Old English: ealdian

Middle English: olden

Old Frisian: aldia

Old Saxon: *aldōn

Middle Low German: alden, ōlden

Old Dutch: *aldon
Middle Dutch: ouden
Dutch: ouden (obsolete)
Limburgish: aaje

Old High German: altēn

Middle High German: alten


starkēn

starkēn (infinitive)
starkēnijas (genitive infinitive)
starkēnijē (dative infinitive)
starkēniju (infinitive instrumental)
starkē (first-person present singular)
stark?dā (first-person past singular)
starkēs (present second-person singular)
stark?dēs (past second-person singular)
starkēþ (present singular third-person)
stark?dē (past singular third-person)
stark?dā (past singular third-person)
starkēm (first-person plural present)
stark?dum (first-person past plural)
starkēþ (plural present second-person)
stark?dud (past plural second-person)
starkēnþ (plural present third-person)
stark?dun (past plural third-person)
stark?dī (first-person past singular)
stark?dī (past second-person singular)
starkē (present singular third-person)
stark?dī (past singular third-person)
stark?dīm (first-person past plural)
stark?dīd (past plural second-person)
starkēn (plural present third-person)
stark?dīn (past plural third-person)
starkē (present singular)
starkēþ (plural present)
starkēndī (participle present)
stark?d (participle past)

Old English: stearcian

Middle English: starken

Old Frisian: sterkia

West Frisian: sterkje

Old Saxon: *starkōn

Middle Low German: starken

Old Dutch: *starcon
Middle Dutch: starken, sterken
Dutch: sterken

Old High German: starkēn

Middle High German: starken


hardēn

hardēn (infinitive)
hardēnijas (genitive infinitive)
hardēnijē (dative infinitive)
hardēniju (infinitive instrumental)
hardē (first-person present singular)
hard?dā (first-person past singular)
hardēs (present second-person singular)
hard?dēs (past second-person singular)
hardēþ (present singular third-person)
hard?dē (past singular third-person)
hard?dā (past singular third-person)
hardēm (first-person plural present)
hard?dum (first-person past plural)
hardēþ (plural present second-person)
hard?dud (past plural second-person)
hardēnþ (plural present third-person)
hard?dun (past plural third-person)
hard?dī (first-person past singular)
hard?dī (past second-person singular)
hardē (present singular third-person)
hard?dī (past singular third-person)
hard?dīm (first-person past plural)
hard?dīd (past plural second-person)
hardēn (plural present third-person)
hard?dīn (past plural third-person)
hardē (present singular)
hardēþ (plural present)
hardēndī (participle present)
hard?d (participle past)

Old English: heardian

Middle English: harden

gl

merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmw-pro">*hardijan</i>

Old Frisian: *herdia, harda, herda (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *hardijan)

Saterland Frisian: häide

West Frisian: hurdzje

Old Saxon: *hardōn

desc

Middle Low German: harden, hārden, harren

German Low German: harden, harren

→? Middle High German: harren

German: harren

⇒ Old Saxon: farhardōn

Old Dutch: *hardon

q

Middle Dutch: harden, herden (conflated with the descendant of *hardijan)

Dutch: harden

Old High German: hartēn

Middle High German: harten


haitēn

haitēn (infinitive)
haitēnijas (genitive infinitive)
haitēnijē (dative infinitive)
haitēniju (infinitive instrumental)
haitē (first-person present singular)
hait?dā (first-person past singular)
haitēs (present second-person singular)
hait?dēs (past second-person singular)
haitēþ (present singular third-person)
hait?dē (past singular third-person)
hait?dā (past singular third-person)
haitēm (first-person plural present)
hait?dum (first-person past plural)
haitēþ (plural present second-person)
hait?dud (past plural second-person)
haitēnþ (plural present third-person)
hait?dun (past plural third-person)
hait?dī (first-person past singular)
hait?dī (past second-person singular)
haitē (present singular third-person)
hait?dī (past singular third-person)
hait?dīm (first-person past plural)
hait?dīd (past plural second-person)
haitēn (plural present third-person)
hait?dīn (past plural third-person)
haitē (present singular)
haitēþ (plural present)
haitēndī (participle present)
hait?d (participle past)

Old English: hātian

Middle English: hoten

Old Saxon: *hētōn

Middle Low German: hêten (conflated with the descendant of *haitijan)

desctree

Old Dutch: *hēton
Middle Dutch: hêten, heiten
Dutch: heten
Afrikaans: heet
Negerhollands: hiet
Limburgish: heile

Old High German: heizēn

Middle High German: heizen (conflated with the descendant of *haitijan)

German: heizen


raudēn

raudēn (infinitive)
raudēnijas (genitive infinitive)
raudēnijē (dative infinitive)
raudēniju (infinitive instrumental)
raudē (first-person present singular)
raud?dā (first-person past singular)
raudēs (present second-person singular)
raud?dēs (past second-person singular)
raudēþ (present singular third-person)
raud?dē (past singular third-person)
raud?dā (past singular third-person)
raudēm (first-person plural present)
raud?dum (first-person past plural)
raudēþ (plural present second-person)
raud?dud (past plural second-person)
raudēnþ (plural present third-person)
raud?dun (past plural third-person)
raud?dī (first-person past singular)
raud?dī (past second-person singular)
raudē (present singular third-person)
raud?dī (past singular third-person)
raud?dīm (first-person past plural)
raud?dīd (past plural second-person)
raudēn (plural present third-person)
raud?dīn (past plural third-person)
raudē (present singular)
raudēþ (plural present)
raudēndī (participle present)
raud?d (participle past)

Old English: rēadian, rēodian

q

Middle English: reden (conflated with the descendant of *raudijan)

Old Frisian: rêdia

Old Dutch: *rōdon

Middle Dutch: rôden (conflated with the descendant of *raudijan)

Dutch: roden

Old High German: rōtēn

Middle High German: rōten


serwēn

serwēn (infinitive)
serwēnijas (genitive infinitive)
serwēnijē (dative infinitive)
serwēniju (infinitive instrumental)
serwē (first-person present singular)
serw?dā (first-person past singular)
serwēs (present second-person singular)
serw?dēs (past second-person singular)
serwēþ (present singular third-person)
serw?dē (past singular third-person)
serw?dā (past singular third-person)
serwēm (first-person plural present)
serw?dum (first-person past plural)
serwēþ (plural present second-person)
serw?dud (past plural second-person)
serwēnþ (plural present third-person)
serw?dun (past plural third-person)
serw?dī (first-person past singular)
serw?dī (past second-person singular)
serwē (present singular third-person)
serw?dī (past singular third-person)
serw?dīm (first-person past plural)
serw?dīd (past plural second-person)
serwēn (plural present third-person)
serw?dīn (past plural third-person)
serwē (present singular)
serwēþ (plural present)
serwēndī (participle present)
serw?d (participle past)

Old Saxon: *serwōn

Middle Low German: serwen

Old High German: serawēn

desc

Middle High German: serewen, serwen, serben


swilēn

swilēn (infinitive)
swilēnijas (genitive infinitive)
swilēnijē (dative infinitive)
swilēniju (infinitive instrumental)
swilē (first-person present singular)
swil?dā (first-person past singular)
swilēs (present second-person singular)
swil?dēs (past second-person singular)
swilēþ (present singular third-person)
swil?dē (past singular third-person)
swil?dā (past singular third-person)
swilēm (first-person plural present)
swil?dum (first-person past plural)
swilēþ (plural present second-person)
swil?dud (past plural second-person)
swilēnþ (plural present third-person)
swil?dun (past plural third-person)
swil?dī (first-person past singular)
swil?dī (past second-person singular)
swilē (present singular third-person)
swil?dī (past singular third-person)
swil?dīm (first-person past plural)
swil?dīd (past plural second-person)
swilēn (plural present third-person)
swil?dīn (past plural third-person)
swilē (present singular)
swilēþ (plural present)
swilēndī (participle present)
swil?d (participle past)

Old Saxon: swilōn

Old High German: swillēn, *swilēn

Middle High German: *swilen

⇒ Middle High German: verswilen

German: verschwielen

German: schwielen (obsolete)


rotēn

rotēn (infinitive)
rotēnijas (genitive infinitive)
rotēnijē (dative infinitive)
rotēniju (infinitive instrumental)
rotē (first-person present singular)
rot?dā (first-person past singular)
rotēs (present second-person singular)
rot?dēs (past second-person singular)
rotēþ (present singular third-person)
rot?dē (past singular third-person)
rot?dā (past singular third-person)
rotēm (first-person plural present)
rot?dum (first-person past plural)
rotēþ (plural present second-person)
rot?dud (past plural second-person)
rotēnþ (plural present third-person)
rot?dun (past plural third-person)
rot?dī (first-person past singular)
rot?dī (past second-person singular)
rotē (present singular third-person)
rot?dī (past singular third-person)
rot?dīm (first-person past plural)
rot?dīd (past plural second-person)
rotēn (plural present third-person)
rot?dīn (past plural third-person)
rotē (present singular)
rotēþ (plural present)
rotēndī (participle present)
rot?d (participle past)

desctree

Old English: rotian
Middle English: roten, roote, rooton, rootye, rot, rote, roti, rotie, rotte, rotten, roty, rotye, rotyn, rotenn, rotien, rotiȝen (Early Middle English)
English: rot
Scots: rot
Yola: rothed, rothyed, rotheda (before consonant) (adj)

Old Frisian: rotia

Saterland Frisian: rootje

West Frisian: rotsje

Old Saxon: rotōn

Middle Low German: rōten

German Low German: rötten

→ German: rotten, verrotten

Old Dutch: *roton
Middle Dutch: rōten, rotten
Dutch: rotten, roten, reuten

Old High German: rozēn, rozzēn

Middle High German: rōzen

German: rößen


tanþēn

tanþēn (infinitive)
tanþēnijas (genitive infinitive)
tanþēnijē (dative infinitive)
tanþēniju (infinitive instrumental)
tanþē (first-person present singular)
tanþ?dā (first-person past singular)
tanþēs (present second-person singular)
tanþ?dēs (past second-person singular)
tanþēþ (present singular third-person)
tanþ?dē (past singular third-person)
tanþ?dā (past singular third-person)
tanþēm (first-person plural present)
tanþ?dum (first-person past plural)
tanþēþ (plural present second-person)
tanþ?dud (past plural second-person)
tanþēnþ (plural present third-person)
tanþ?dun (past plural third-person)
tanþ?dī (first-person past singular)
tanþ?dī (past second-person singular)
tanþē (present singular third-person)
tanþ?dī (past singular third-person)
tanþ?dīm (first-person past plural)
tanþ?dīd (past plural second-person)
tanþēn (plural present third-person)
tanþ?dīn (past plural third-person)
tanþē (present singular)
tanþēþ (plural present)
tanþēndī (participle present)
tanþ?d (participle past)

Old English: *tōþian

Middle English: tothen

Old Saxon: *tandōn

Middle Low German: tanden

Old Dutch: *tandon

Middle Dutch: tanden

Old High German: zannēn

Middle High German: zannen, zanen


kwikwēn

kwikwēn (infinitive)
kwikwēnijas (genitive infinitive)
kwikwēnijē (dative infinitive)
kwikwēniju (infinitive instrumental)
kwikwē (first-person present singular)
kwikw?dā (first-person past singular)
kwikwēs (present second-person singular)
kwikw?dēs (past second-person singular)
kwikwēþ (present singular third-person)
kwikw?dē (past singular third-person)
kwikw?dā (past singular third-person)
kwikwēm (first-person plural present)
kwikw?dum (first-person past plural)
kwikwēþ (plural present second-person)
kwikw?dud (past plural second-person)
kwikwēnþ (plural present third-person)
kwikw?dun (past plural third-person)
kwikw?dī (first-person past singular)
kwikw?dī (past second-person singular)
kwikwē (present singular third-person)
kwikw?dī (past singular third-person)
kwikw?dīm (first-person past plural)
kwikw?dīd (past plural second-person)
kwikwēn (plural present third-person)
kwikw?dīn (past plural third-person)
kwikwē (present singular)
kwikwēþ (plural present)
kwikwēndī (participle present)
kwikw?d (participle past)

Old English: cwician

Middle English: quicken

Middle English: quick (archaic)

Old Saxon: quikōn, quickōn

Middle Low German: quicken

Old Dutch: quiccon
Middle Dutch: quicken
Dutch: kwikken

Old High German: queckēn, quickēn

Middle High German: quicken


ampr

ampr (masculine nominative singular)
ampru (feminine nominative singular)
ampr (neuter nominative singular)
ampranā (accusative masculine singular)
amprā (accusative feminine singular)
ampr (accusative neuter singular)
ampras (genitive masculine singular)
ampreʀā (feminine genitive singular)
ampras (genitive neuter singular)
amprumē (dative masculine singular)
ampreʀē (dative feminine singular)
amprumē (dative neuter singular)
ampru (instrumental masculine singular)
ampreʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
ampru (instrumental neuter singular)
amprē (masculine nominative plural)
amprō (feminine nominative plural)
ampru (neuter nominative plural)
amprā (accusative masculine plural)
amprā (accusative feminine plural)
ampru (accusative neuter plural)
ampreʀō (genitive masculine plural)
ampreʀō (feminine genitive plural)
ampreʀō (genitive neuter plural)
amprēm (dative masculine plural)
amprum (dative masculine plural)
amprēm (dative feminine plural)
amprum (dative feminine plural)
amprēm (dative neuter plural)
amprum (dative neuter plural)
amprēm (instrumental masculine plural)
amprum (instrumental masculine plural)
amprēm (feminine instrumental plural)
amprum (feminine instrumental plural)
amprēm (instrumental neuter plural)
amprum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Frisian: *amper, *omper

West Frisian: amper

Old Dutch: *ampar

Middle Dutch: amper

Dutch: amper


sūrā

sūrā (nominative singular)
sūrōn (nominative plural)
sūrōn (accusative singular)
sūrōn (accusative plural)
sūrōn (genitive singular)
sūrōnō (genitive plural)
sūrōn (dative singular)
sūrōm (dative plural)
sūrum (dative plural)
sūrōn (instrumental singular)
sūrōm (instrumental plural)
sūrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sūre

Middle English: sour, soure

Old Saxon: sūra

Middle Low German: sûre

German Low German: Süüre, Suur

Old High German: sūra f, sūrra, surio m

From Proto-Germanic *sūrǭ, from *sūraz (“sour”) + *-ǭ. Cognate with Icelandic súra (“sorrel”).


amprō

amprō (nominative singular)
ampran (nominative plural)
ampran (accusative singular)
ampran (accusative plural)
amprini (genitive singular)
ampran (genitive singular)
ampranō (genitive plural)
amprini (dative singular)
ampran (dative singular)
amprum (dative plural)
amprini (instrumental singular)
ampran (instrumental singular)
amprum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ampre f, ompre ( < Proto-West Germanic *amprā)

Middle English: ampre

English: amper

Old Saxon: *ampro

⇒ Middle Low German: sûramper m

Old High German: ampfaro m; amphara f ( < Proto-West Germanic *amprā)

Middle High German: ampfer, ampher m

German: Ampfer m

→ German Low German: Amper

From *ampr (“sour”) + *-ō. Compare *sūrā (“sorrel”), from *sūr (“sour”). Compare also the parallel formations Sanskrit अम्ल (amlá, “sour, bitter; wood sorrel”) and Latvian amuols (“yellow sorrel”), apparently from the same root with a slightly different suffix.


hnigēn

hnigēn (infinitive)
hnigēnijas (genitive infinitive)
hnigēnijē (dative infinitive)
hnigēniju (infinitive instrumental)
hnigē (first-person present singular)
hnig?dā (first-person past singular)
hnigēs (present second-person singular)
hnig?dēs (past second-person singular)
hnigēþ (present singular third-person)
hnig?dē (past singular third-person)
hnig?dā (past singular third-person)
hnigēm (first-person plural present)
hnig?dum (first-person past plural)
hnigēþ (plural present second-person)
hnig?dud (past plural second-person)
hnigēnþ (plural present third-person)
hnig?dun (past plural third-person)
hnig?dī (first-person past singular)
hnig?dī (past second-person singular)
hnigē (present singular third-person)
hnig?dī (past singular third-person)
hnig?dīm (first-person past plural)
hnig?dīd (past plural second-person)
hnigēn (plural present third-person)
hnig?dīn (past plural third-person)
hnigē (present singular)
hnigēþ (plural present)
hnigēndī (participle present)
hnig?d (participle past)

Old English: hnigian

Old High German: negēn, hnegēn

Closely related to the strong verb *hnīgan and causative *hnaigijan.


magēn

magēn (infinitive)
magēnijas (genitive infinitive)
magēnijē (dative infinitive)
magēniju (infinitive instrumental)
magē (first-person present singular)
mag?dā (first-person past singular)
magēs (present second-person singular)
mag?dēs (past second-person singular)
magēþ (present singular third-person)
mag?dē (past singular third-person)
mag?dā (past singular third-person)
magēm (first-person plural present)
mag?dum (first-person past plural)
magēþ (plural present second-person)
mag?dud (past plural second-person)
magēnþ (plural present third-person)
mag?dun (past plural third-person)
mag?dī (first-person past singular)
mag?dī (past second-person singular)
magē (present singular third-person)
mag?dī (past singular third-person)
mag?dīm (first-person past plural)
mag?dīd (past plural second-person)
magēn (plural present third-person)
mag?dīn (past plural third-person)
magē (present singular)
magēþ (plural present)
magēndī (participle present)
mag?d (participle past)

Old English: magian

Old High German: magēn

From *mag (“able, strong, capable”) + *-ēn.


fagēn

fagēn (infinitive)
fagēnijas (genitive infinitive)
fagēnijē (dative infinitive)
fagēniju (infinitive instrumental)
fagē (first-person present singular)
fag?dā (first-person past singular)
fagēs (present second-person singular)
fag?dēs (past second-person singular)
fagēþ (present singular third-person)
fag?dē (past singular third-person)
fag?dā (past singular third-person)
fagēm (first-person plural present)
fag?dum (first-person past plural)
fagēþ (plural present second-person)
fag?dud (past plural second-person)
fagēnþ (plural present third-person)
fag?dun (past plural third-person)
fag?dī (first-person past singular)
fag?dī (past second-person singular)
fagē (present singular third-person)
fag?dī (past singular third-person)
fag?dīm (first-person past plural)
fag?dīd (past plural second-person)
fagēn (plural present third-person)
fag?dīn (past plural third-person)
fagē (present singular)
fagēþ (plural present)
fagēndī (participle present)
fag?d (participle past)

Old English: *fagian

Middle English: fagen

Old Frisian: fagia

Old Saxon: *fagōn

>? Middle Low German: fagen, vagen (to make use of the land)

Old High German: fagēn, fagōn

>? Middle High German: fagen, fagen (to be obedient)


niuwjōn

niuwjōn (infinitive)
niuwjōnijas (genitive infinitive)
niuwjōnijē (dative infinitive)
niuwjōniju (infinitive instrumental)
niuwjō (first-person present singular)
niuwjōdā (first-person past singular)
niuwjōs (present second-person singular)
niuwjōdēs (past second-person singular)
niuwjōdōs (past second-person singular)
niuwjōþ (present singular third-person)
niuwjōdē (past singular third-person)
niuwjōdā (past singular third-person)
niuwjōm (first-person plural present)
niuwjōdum (first-person past plural)
niuwjōþ (plural present second-person)
niuwjōdud (past plural second-person)
niuwjōnþ (plural present third-person)
niuwjōdun (past plural third-person)
niuwjōdī (first-person past singular)
niuwjōdī (past second-person singular)
niuwjō (present singular third-person)
niuwjōdī (past singular third-person)
niuwjōdīm (first-person past plural)
niuwjōdīd (past plural second-person)
niuwjōn (plural present third-person)
niuwjōdīn (past plural third-person)
niuwjō (present singular)
niuwjōþ (plural present)
niuwjōndī (participle present)
niuwjōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: nīewian
Middle English: newen
English: new
Scots: neu, new
⇒ Middle English: anewen
⇒ Middle English: renewen
English: renew
Scots: renew

Old Frisian: nīa

⇒ Old Frisian: fornīa

Saterland Frisian: fernäije

West Frisian: fernije

⇒ Old Frisian: urnīa

Old Saxon: *niuwōn

Middle Low German: nü̂wen, nîgen, nîen

desc

⇒ Middle Low German: vörnîen, vornîen, vorniegen, vornigen, vorniggen, vernîen

German Low German: vernejen, vernien, verneen

⇒ Middle Low German: vörnîeren, vörnü̂weren

Old Dutch: *niuwon

Middle Dutch: niewen

Dutch: nieuwen (dialectal)

⇒ Middle Dutch: verniewen, verniën

Dutch: vernieuwen

Old High German: niuwōn

Middle High German: niuwen

German: neuen (archaic)

⇒ Middle High German: verniuwen, verniun, vernūen, vernūwen, vernuowen, ferniuwen

German: verneuen (archaic)

⇒ Middle High German: verniuweren, verniuwern, ferniuwern

German: verneuern (archaic)

⇒ Old High German: irniuwōn

Middle High German: erniuwen, irniuwen, erniuen, irniuen, ernūwen, irnūwen

German: erneuen (archaic)

⇒ Middle High German: erniuweren, erniuwern, irniuwern, ernūwern, irwūwern

German: erneuern

From Proto-Germanic *niwjōną. Equivalent to *niwi (“new”) + *-ōn.


wanēn

wanēn (infinitive)
wanēnijas (genitive infinitive)
wanēnijē (dative infinitive)
wanēniju (infinitive instrumental)
wanē (first-person present singular)
wan?dā (first-person past singular)
wanēs (present second-person singular)
wan?dēs (past second-person singular)
wanēþ (present singular third-person)
wan?dē (past singular third-person)
wan?dā (past singular third-person)
wanēm (first-person plural present)
wan?dum (first-person past plural)
wanēþ (plural present second-person)
wan?dud (past plural second-person)
wanēnþ (plural present third-person)
wan?dun (past plural third-person)
wan?dī (first-person past singular)
wan?dī (past second-person singular)
wanē (present singular third-person)
wan?dī (past singular third-person)
wan?dīm (first-person past plural)
wan?dīd (past plural second-person)
wanēn (plural present third-person)
wan?dīn (past plural third-person)
wanē (present singular)
wanēþ (plural present)
wanēndī (participle present)
wan?d (participle past)

Old English: wanian, wonian

Middle English: wanien, wonien, wanen

Scots: wan, wane

English: wane

Old Frisian: wania, wonia

Old Saxon: wanōn

Old Dutch: *wanon
Middle Dutch: wānen

Old High German: wanōn

From Proto-Germanic *wanāną. Equivalent to *wan (“lacking”) + *-ēn.


wanōn

wanōn (infinitive)
wanōnijas (genitive infinitive)
wanōnijē (dative infinitive)
wanōniju (infinitive instrumental)
wanō (first-person present singular)
wanōdā (first-person past singular)
wanōs (present second-person singular)
wanōdēs (past second-person singular)
wanōdōs (past second-person singular)
wanōþ (present singular third-person)
wanōdē (past singular third-person)
wanōdā (past singular third-person)
wanōm (first-person plural present)
wanōdum (first-person past plural)
wanōþ (plural present second-person)
wanōdud (past plural second-person)
wanōnþ (plural present third-person)
wanōdun (past plural third-person)
wanōdī (first-person past singular)
wanōdī (past second-person singular)
wanō (present singular third-person)
wanōdī (past singular third-person)
wanōdīm (first-person past plural)
wanōdīd (past plural second-person)
wanōn (plural present third-person)
wanōdīn (past plural third-person)
wanō (present singular)
wanōþ (plural present)
wanōndī (participle present)
wanōd (participle past)

Old English: wanian, wonian

Middle English: wanien, wonien, wanen

Scots: wan, wane

English: wane

Old Frisian: wania, wonia

Old Saxon: wanōn

Middle Low German: wanen, wānen

Old Dutch: *wanon

Middle Dutch: wanen, waenen

Old High German: wanōn

From Proto-Germanic *wanōną, equivalent to *wan (“lacking”) + *-ōn.


duskōn

duskōn (infinitive)
duskōnijas (genitive infinitive)
duskōnijē (dative infinitive)
duskōniju (infinitive instrumental)
duskō (first-person present singular)
duskōdā (first-person past singular)
duskōs (present second-person singular)
duskōdēs (past second-person singular)
duskōdōs (past second-person singular)
duskōþ (present singular third-person)
duskōdē (past singular third-person)
duskōdā (past singular third-person)
duskōm (first-person plural present)
duskōdum (first-person past plural)
duskōþ (plural present second-person)
duskōdud (past plural second-person)
duskōnþ (plural present third-person)
duskōdun (past plural third-person)
duskōdī (first-person past singular)
duskōdī (past second-person singular)
duskō (present singular third-person)
duskōdī (past singular third-person)
duskōdīm (first-person past plural)
duskōdīd (past plural second-person)
duskōn (plural present third-person)
duskōdīn (past plural third-person)
duskō (present singular)
duskōþ (plural present)
duskōndī (participle present)
duskōd (participle past)

Old English: doxian

desctree

Middle English: dusken, desken, duskyn, deskyn, doskin
English: dusk

Old High German: *tuskon

⇒ Old High German: firtuskon


tōbōn

tōbōn (infinitive)
tōbōnijas (genitive infinitive)
tōbōnijē (dative infinitive)
tōbōniju (infinitive instrumental)
tōbō (first-person present singular)
tōbōdā (first-person past singular)
tōbōs (present second-person singular)
tōbōdēs (past second-person singular)
tōbōdōs (past second-person singular)
tōbōþ (present singular third-person)
tōbōdē (past singular third-person)
tōbōdā (past singular third-person)
tōbōm (first-person plural present)
tōbōdum (first-person past plural)
tōbōþ (plural present second-person)
tōbōdud (past plural second-person)
tōbōnþ (plural present third-person)
tōbōdun (past plural third-person)
tōbōdī (first-person past singular)
tōbōdī (past second-person singular)
tōbō (present singular third-person)
tōbōdī (past singular third-person)
tōbōdīm (first-person past plural)
tōbōdīd (past plural second-person)
tōbōn (plural present third-person)
tōbōdīn (past plural third-person)
tōbō (present singular)
tōbōþ (plural present)
tōbōndī (participle present)
tōbōd (participle past)

q

>? Old Frisian: tōva (unexpected class 1 inflection without umlaut, possibly a borrowing)

West Frisian: toevje

Old Saxon: *tōvōn

Middle Low German: tōven, tȫven

→ Danish: tøve

Old Dutch: *tuovon

Middle Dutch: toeven

Dutch: toeven


smiþōn

smiþōn (infinitive)
smiþōnijas (genitive infinitive)
smiþōnijē (dative infinitive)
smiþōniju (infinitive instrumental)
smiþō (first-person present singular)
smiþōdā (first-person past singular)
smiþōs (present second-person singular)
smiþōdēs (past second-person singular)
smiþōdōs (past second-person singular)
smiþōþ (present singular third-person)
smiþōdē (past singular third-person)
smiþōdā (past singular third-person)
smiþōm (first-person plural present)
smiþōdum (first-person past plural)
smiþōþ (plural present second-person)
smiþōdud (past plural second-person)
smiþōnþ (plural present third-person)
smiþōdun (past plural third-person)
smiþōdī (first-person past singular)
smiþōdī (past second-person singular)
smiþō (present singular third-person)
smiþōdī (past singular third-person)
smiþōdīm (first-person past plural)
smiþōdīd (past plural second-person)
smiþōn (plural present third-person)
smiþōdīn (past plural third-person)
smiþō (present singular)
smiþōþ (plural present)
smiþōndī (participle present)
smiþōd (participle past)

Old English: smiþian

Middle English: smythen

English: smith

Old Saxon: smithōn

Middle Low German: smēden

desctree

Old Dutch: smithon
Middle Dutch: smēden
Dutch: smeden
Afrikaans: smee, smeed
Limburgish: smeide, smieëde

Old High German: smidōn

Middle High German: smiden

German: schmieden

Luxembourgish: schmidden

From Proto-Germanic *smiþōną, equivalent to *smiþ (“smith”) + *-ōn.


friþōn

friþōn (infinitive)
friþōnijas (genitive infinitive)
friþōnijē (dative infinitive)
friþōniju (infinitive instrumental)
friþō (first-person present singular)
friþōdā (first-person past singular)
friþōs (present second-person singular)
friþōdēs (past second-person singular)
friþōdōs (past second-person singular)
friþōþ (present singular third-person)
friþōdē (past singular third-person)
friþōdā (past singular third-person)
friþōm (first-person plural present)
friþōdum (first-person past plural)
friþōþ (plural present second-person)
friþōdud (past plural second-person)
friþōnþ (plural present third-person)
friþōdun (past plural third-person)
friþōdī (first-person past singular)
friþōdī (past second-person singular)
friþō (present singular third-person)
friþōdī (past singular third-person)
friþōdīm (first-person past plural)
friþōdīd (past plural second-person)
friþōn (plural present third-person)
friþōdīn (past plural third-person)
friþō (present singular)
friþōþ (plural present)
friþōndī (participle present)
friþōd (participle past)

Old English: friþian, freoþian, friðian — edh spelling
Middle English: frithen, ffryþe, frethen, frythen, fyrthe, vreþie, friðen, friþian, fruðien
Scots: freeth

Old Frisian: frethia, frithia

Old Saxon: *frithōn

Middle Low German: vreden

Old Dutch: *frithon

Middle Dutch: vreden; (bevreden, vredigen)

Dutch: vreden; (bevreden, vredigen, bevredigen)

(Afrikaans: bevredig)

Old High German: fridon

Middle High German: vriden

German: frieden

From Proto-Germanic *friþōną. Equivalent to *friþu (“peace”) + *-ōn.


kerbulā

kerbulā (nominative singular)
kerbulōn (nominative plural)
kerbulōn (accusative singular)
kerbulōn (accusative plural)
kerbulōn (genitive singular)
kerbulōnō (genitive plural)
kerbulōn (dative singular)
kerbulōm (dative plural)
kerbulum (dative plural)
kerbulōn (instrumental singular)
kerbulōm (instrumental plural)
kerbulum (instrumental plural)

desc

Old English: cerfille, cerfelle, cærfille

Middle English: chervell, cherefelle, charville, charwelle, chervyl (reenforced by Old French)

English: chervil

Old Saxon: kervila, kiervila, kerevel

Middle Low German: kervel, karvel, karvele, kerevel, kervele

German Low German: Kerwel

→ Danish: kørvel

→ Norwegian: kjørvel

→ Swedish: körvel

→ Icelandic: kerfill

Old Dutch: *kervila

Middle Dutch: kervele, kervel

Dutch: kervel

Old High German: kervila, kervola, kerbele f, kerfil, kervil m

Middle High German: kervele, kervel, kerfele, kerfel, kerbel m

German: Kerbel m

Luxembourgish: Kierwel

Borrowed from Late Latin cerfolium, from Latin caerefolium.


kudinā

kudinā (nominative singular)
kudinōn (nominative plural)
kudinōn (accusative singular)
kudinōn (accusative plural)
kudinōn (genitive singular)
kudinōnō (genitive plural)
kudinōn (dative singular)
kudinōm (dative plural)
kudinum (dative plural)
kudinōn (instrumental singular)
kudinōm (instrumental plural)
kudinum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: kudina, quitina, kudine, quidene

Middle Low German: quêde, quedde

Low German: Quitt

→ Danish: kvæde

→ Faroese: kveði

→ Norwegian: kvede

→ Swedish: kvitten

Old Dutch: *quidina

Middle Dutch: quēde

Dutch: kwee

Old High German: quitina, kutinna, kwitina, quitina, quodana, kwodana

Middle High German: küte, kütte, kutten, quite, quiten, küten

Alemannic German: Chüttene, Kütt

German: Quitte

Luxembourgish: Quitt

Rhine Franconian: Quitt

Borrowed from Late Latin quidōnium, cydonium, ellipsis of Latin (malum) Cydonium (“(apple) of Cydonia”).


fakkulā

fakkulā (nominative singular)
fakkulōn (nominative plural)
fakkulōn (accusative singular)
fakkulōn (accusative plural)
fakkulōn (genitive singular)
fakkulōnō (genitive plural)
fakkulōn (dative singular)
fakkulōm (dative plural)
fakkulum (dative plural)
fakkulōn (instrumental singular)
fakkulōm (instrumental plural)
fakkulum (instrumental plural)

Old English: fæcele

Old Saxon: fakla

Middle Low German: fackele, fackel

German Low German: Fackel

→ Danish: fakkel

→ Norwegian: fakkel

Old Dutch: *fackala

Middle Dutch: fackele, fackel

Dutch: fakkel

Afrikaans: fackel

desc

Old High German: fackala, fackla, fakkila, fackula

Middle High German: vackel, fackel

Alemannic German: Fachele

German: Fackel (see there for further descendants)

Luxembourgish: Fakel

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Fackel

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бакља

Latin script: baklja

→ Slovak: fakľa

→ Slovene: bakla

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin *faccula, from Latin facula.


kunilā

kunilā (nominative singular)
kunilōn (nominative plural)
kunilōn (accusative singular)
kunilōn (accusative plural)
kunilōn (genitive singular)
kunilōnō (genitive plural)
kunilōn (dative singular)
kunilōm (dative plural)
kunilum (dative plural)
kunilōn (instrumental singular)
kunilōm (instrumental plural)
kunilum (instrumental plural)

Old English: cunele, cunelle, cunille

Middle English: cunel

Old Saxon: kunila, konula, konnela, konele, kwenela, quenela, quenula

Middle Low German: kȫnele, konele, könnele, künele, kölle, quēnel

Low German: Kölle, Külle

Old Dutch: *quenela, *quenla

Middle Dutch: cuelne, *quenle, quendel

Dutch: keule, (archaic) cuele

Dutch: kwendel, (archaic) quendel, quenel

→ Swedish: kyndel

→ Finnish: kynteli

→ Norwegian Bokmål: kyndel

Old High German: quenela, quenela, quenala, konila, konul, konala, kunila, kunala, quenila, quonila

Middle High German: quenil, quenel, quennel, quennele, quendel, kundel

German: Quendel

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin *quenela and Latin conīla, conela, cunela.


klawēn

klawēn (infinitive)
klawēnijas (genitive infinitive)
klawēnijē (dative infinitive)
klawēniju (infinitive instrumental)
klawē (first-person present singular)
klaw?dā (first-person past singular)
klawēs (present second-person singular)
klaw?dēs (past second-person singular)
klawēþ (present singular third-person)
klaw?dē (past singular third-person)
klaw?dā (past singular third-person)
klawēm (first-person plural present)
klaw?dum (first-person past plural)
klawēþ (plural present second-person)
klaw?dud (past plural second-person)
klawēnþ (plural present third-person)
klaw?dun (past plural third-person)
klaw?dī (first-person past singular)
klaw?dī (past second-person singular)
klawē (present singular third-person)
klaw?dī (past singular third-person)
klaw?dīm (first-person past plural)
klaw?dīd (past plural second-person)
klawēn (plural present third-person)
klaw?dīn (past plural third-person)
klawē (present singular)
klawēþ (plural present)
klawēndī (participle present)
klaw?d (participle past)

Old English: clawian

Middle English: clawen

English: claw

Old Saxon: *clawōn

Middle Low German: klâwen

Old Dutch: *clouen

Middle Dutch: clouwen

Dutch: klauwen

Old High German: klawēn, chlawēn

Middle High German: *klauen

German: klauen


nāhwēn

nāhwēn (infinitive)
nāhwēnijas (genitive infinitive)
nāhwēnijē (dative infinitive)
nāhwēniju (infinitive instrumental)
nāhwē (first-person present singular)
nāhw?dā (first-person past singular)
nāhwēs (present second-person singular)
nāhw?dēs (past second-person singular)
nāhwēþ (present singular third-person)
nāhw?dē (past singular third-person)
nāhw?dā (past singular third-person)
nāhwēm (first-person plural present)
nāhw?dum (first-person past plural)
nāhwēþ (plural present second-person)
nāhw?dud (past plural second-person)
nāhwēnþ (plural present third-person)
nāhw?dun (past plural third-person)
nāhw?dī (first-person past singular)
nāhw?dī (past second-person singular)
nāhwē (present singular third-person)
nāhw?dī (past singular third-person)
nāhw?dīm (first-person past plural)
nāhw?dīd (past plural second-person)
nāhwēn (plural present third-person)
nāhw?dīn (past plural third-person)
nāhwē (present singular)
nāhwēþ (plural present)
nāhwēndī (participle present)
nāhw?d (participle past)

Old English: *nēahian, *nēahwian

⇒ Old English: ġenēahian, ġenēahwian

Middle English: neighen

English: nigh

Old Saxon: *nāhōn

Middle Low German: nâgen

Old Dutch: *nāhon

Middle Dutch: nâen

Old High German: nāhēn

Middle High German: nahen

German: nahen

From Proto-Germanic *nēhwāną, equivalent to *nāhw (“near, close”) + *-ēn.


bāgēn

bāgēn (infinitive)
bāgēnijas (genitive infinitive)
bāgēnijē (dative infinitive)
bāgēniju (infinitive instrumental)
bāgē (first-person present singular)
bāg?dā (first-person past singular)
bāgēs (present second-person singular)
bāg?dēs (past second-person singular)
bāgēþ (present singular third-person)
bāg?dē (past singular third-person)
bāg?dā (past singular third-person)
bāgēm (first-person plural present)
bāg?dum (first-person past plural)
bāgēþ (plural present second-person)
bāg?dud (past plural second-person)
bāgēnþ (plural present third-person)
bāg?dun (past plural third-person)
bāg?dī (first-person past singular)
bāg?dī (past second-person singular)
bāgē (present singular third-person)
bāg?dī (past singular third-person)
bāg?dīm (first-person past plural)
bāg?dīd (past plural second-person)
bāgēn (plural present third-person)
bāg?dīn (past plural third-person)
bāgē (present singular)
bāgēþ (plural present)
bāgēndī (participle present)
bāg?d (participle past)

Old Saxon: *bāgōn

Middle Low German: bâgen, bôgen

Old High German: bāgēn

gl

merged with Old High German <i class="Latn mention" lang="goh">bāgan</i>

Middle High German: bāgen, pāgen (merged with Old High German bāgan)

German: bagen

Bavarian: bägen

⇒ Alemannic German: bägeren, bägern

From Proto-Germanic *bēgāną, equivalent to *bāg (“quarrel, fight”) + *-ēn.


galīkēn

galīkēn (infinitive)
galīkēnijas (genitive infinitive)
galīkēnijē (dative infinitive)
galīkēniju (infinitive instrumental)
galīkē (first-person present singular)
galīk?dā (first-person past singular)
galīkēs (present second-person singular)
galīk?dēs (past second-person singular)
galīkēþ (present singular third-person)
galīk?dē (past singular third-person)
galīk?dā (past singular third-person)
galīkēm (first-person plural present)
galīk?dum (first-person past plural)
galīkēþ (plural present second-person)
galīk?dud (past plural second-person)
galīkēnþ (plural present third-person)
galīk?dun (past plural third-person)
galīk?dī (first-person past singular)
galīk?dī (past second-person singular)
galīkē (present singular third-person)
galīk?dī (past singular third-person)
galīk?dīm (first-person past plural)
galīk?dīd (past plural second-person)
galīkēn (plural present third-person)
galīk?dīn (past plural third-person)
galīkē (present singular)
galīkēþ (plural present)
galīkēndī (participle present)
galīk?d (participle past)

Old English: ġelīcian

Old Saxon: *gilīkōn

Middle Low German: gelīken

Old Dutch: gilīkon

Old High German: gilīhhēn

Middle High German: gelīchen

From Proto-Germanic *galīkāną. Equivalent to *ga- + *līkēn (“to please”).


fūlēn

fūlēn (infinitive)
fūlēnijas (genitive infinitive)
fūlēnijē (dative infinitive)
fūlēniju (infinitive instrumental)
fūlē (first-person present singular)
fūl?dā (first-person past singular)
fūlēs (present second-person singular)
fūl?dēs (past second-person singular)
fūlēþ (present singular third-person)
fūl?dē (past singular third-person)
fūl?dā (past singular third-person)
fūlēm (first-person plural present)
fūl?dum (first-person past plural)
fūlēþ (plural present second-person)
fūl?dud (past plural second-person)
fūlēnþ (plural present third-person)
fūl?dun (past plural third-person)
fūl?dī (first-person past singular)
fūl?dī (past second-person singular)
fūlē (present singular third-person)
fūl?dī (past singular third-person)
fūl?dīm (first-person past plural)
fūl?dīd (past plural second-person)
fūlēn (plural present third-person)
fūl?dīn (past plural third-person)
fūlē (present singular)
fūlēþ (plural present)
fūlēndī (participle present)
fūl?d (participle past)

Old English: fūlian

Middle English: foulen

English: foul

Old Saxon: *fūlōn

Middle Low German: vûlen

German Low German: fulen

desctree

Old Dutch: *fūlon
Middle Dutch: vulen
Dutch: vuilen
Limburgish: voele

Old High German: fūlēn

Middle High German: vūlen, viulen

German: faulen

Yiddish: פֿױלן (foyln)

(intransitive) to become foul; rot; decay


hawēn

hawēn (infinitive)
hawēnijas (genitive infinitive)
hawēnijē (dative infinitive)
hawēniju (infinitive instrumental)
hawē (first-person present singular)
haw?dā (first-person past singular)
hawēs (present second-person singular)
haw?dēs (past second-person singular)
hawēþ (present singular third-person)
haw?dē (past singular third-person)
haw?dā (past singular third-person)
hawēm (first-person plural present)
haw?dum (first-person past plural)
hawēþ (plural present second-person)
haw?dud (past plural second-person)
hawēnþ (plural present third-person)
haw?dun (past plural third-person)
haw?dī (first-person past singular)
haw?dī (past second-person singular)
hawē (present singular third-person)
haw?dī (past singular third-person)
haw?dīm (first-person past plural)
haw?dīd (past plural second-person)
hawēn (plural present third-person)
haw?dīn (past plural third-person)
hawē (present singular)
hawēþ (plural present)
hawēndī (participle present)
haw?d (participle past)

Old English: hawian


laiþēn

laiþēn (infinitive)
laiþēnijas (genitive infinitive)
laiþēnijē (dative infinitive)
laiþēniju (infinitive instrumental)
laiþē (first-person present singular)
laiþ?dā (first-person past singular)
laiþēs (present second-person singular)
laiþ?dēs (past second-person singular)
laiþēþ (present singular third-person)
laiþ?dē (past singular third-person)
laiþ?dā (past singular third-person)
laiþēm (first-person plural present)
laiþ?dum (first-person past plural)
laiþēþ (plural present second-person)
laiþ?dud (past plural second-person)
laiþēnþ (plural present third-person)
laiþ?dun (past plural third-person)
laiþ?dī (first-person past singular)
laiþ?dī (past second-person singular)
laiþē (present singular third-person)
laiþ?dī (past singular third-person)
laiþ?dīm (first-person past plural)
laiþ?dīd (past plural second-person)
laiþēn (plural present third-person)
laiþ?dīn (past plural third-person)
laiþē (present singular)
laiþēþ (plural present)
laiþēndī (participle present)
laiþ?d (participle past)

Old English: lāþian

Middle English: lathen, lothen

English: loathe

→ Scots: lothe

Scots: lathe, laith

Old Saxon: lēthōn

Old Dutch: *lēthon
Middle Dutch: lêden

Old High German: leidēn, leidōn

Middle High German: leiden

From Proto-Germanic *laiþāną, equivalent to *laiþ (“loathsome”) + *-ēn.


kardā

kardā (nominative singular)
kardōn (nominative plural)
kardōn (accusative singular)
kardōn (accusative plural)
kardōn (genitive singular)
kardōnō (genitive plural)
kardōn (dative singular)
kardōm (dative plural)
kardum (dative plural)
kardōn (instrumental singular)
kardōm (instrumental plural)
kardum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: karde

West Frisian: kaarde

Old Saxon: karda

Middle Low German: kârde, karde, kârte

Old Dutch: *karda

Middle Dutch: carde, caerde

Dutch: kaard, kaarde

Old High German: karta f, karto m

Middle High German: karte, karde

Alemannic German: Charte

German: Karde


namōn

namōn (infinitive)
namōnijas (genitive infinitive)
namōnijē (dative infinitive)
namōniju (infinitive instrumental)
namō (first-person present singular)
namōdā (first-person past singular)
namōs (present second-person singular)
namōdēs (past second-person singular)
namōdōs (past second-person singular)
namōþ (present singular third-person)
namōdē (past singular third-person)
namōdā (past singular third-person)
namōm (first-person plural present)
namōdum (first-person past plural)
namōþ (plural present second-person)
namōdud (past plural second-person)
namōnþ (plural present third-person)
namōdun (past plural third-person)
namōdī (first-person past singular)
namōdī (past second-person singular)
namō (present singular third-person)
namōdī (past singular third-person)
namōdīm (first-person past plural)
namōdīd (past plural second-person)
namōn (plural present third-person)
namōdīn (past plural third-person)
namō (present singular)
namōþ (plural present)
namōndī (participle present)
namōd (participle past)

Old English: namian

Middle English: namen

English: name

Scots: name

Old Frisian: namia, nomia

West Frisian: neame

Old Saxon: namōn

Old Dutch: *namon

Middle Dutch: namen

Dutch: namen (obsolete)

⇒ Dutch: genaamd

Old High German: namōn

Middle High German: namen


kornul

kornul (nominative singular)
kornulō (nominative plural)
kornulōs (nominative plural)
kornul (accusative singular)
kornulā (accusative plural)
kornulas (genitive singular)
kornulō (genitive plural)
kornulē (dative singular)
kornulum (dative plural)
kornulu (instrumental singular)
kornulum (instrumental plural)

desc

Old High German: kornul, kurnol m, kurnilo m

⇒ German: Kornelkirsche

Borrowed from Late Latin cornulus, corneolus, *quernulus, from Latin cornus.

Kornelbaum

Middle High German: kurnelboum, kurnilboum

kornoelje

Middle Dutch: kornoelie, kornelle kornelie, kornel, karnel (contaminated by Old French)

kornelle

Old High German: kornella; Middle High German


klauwjan

klauwjan (infinitive)
klauwjannjas (genitive infinitive)
klauwjannjē (dative infinitive)
klauwjannju (infinitive instrumental)
klauwju (first-person present singular)
kleōw (first-person past singular)
klawiʀi (present second-person singular)
kleōwī (past second-person singular)
klawidi (present singular third-person)
kleōw (past singular third-person)
klauwjum (first-person plural present)
kleōwum (first-person past plural)
klawid (plural present second-person)
kleōwud (past plural second-person)
klauwjand (plural present third-person)
kleōwun (past plural third-person)
klauwjē (first-person present singular)
kleōwī (first-person past singular)
klauwjēs (present second-person singular)
klauwjē (present singular third-person)
kleōwī (past singular third-person)
klauwjēm (first-person plural present)
kleōwīm (first-person past plural)
klauwjēþ (plural present second-person)
kleōwīd (past plural second-person)
klauwjēn (plural present third-person)
kleōwīn (past plural third-person)
klawi (present singular)
klawid (plural present)
klauwjandī (participle present)
klawan (participle past)

Old English: clawan; clāwan, *clēn (strong class 7)

Middle English: clawen, cleen

English: claw

Scots: claw

Old Saxon: *clawōn

Middle Low German: klâwen

Old Dutch: *clōien, *clouen

Middle Dutch: clôyen, clooien, clouwen

q

Dutch: klooien, klauwen (remodelled after the noun, or from West Germanic *klawēn)

Old High German: klawjan

Middle High German: kleuen, klæwen

German: kläuen (dialectal or obsolete), klauen (remodelled after the noun, or from West Germanic *klawēn)


flekkōn

flekkōn (infinitive)
flekkōnijas (genitive infinitive)
flekkōnijē (dative infinitive)
flekkōniju (infinitive instrumental)
flekkō (first-person present singular)
flekkōdā (first-person past singular)
flekkōs (present second-person singular)
flekkōdēs (past second-person singular)
flekkōdōs (past second-person singular)
flekkōþ (present singular third-person)
flekkōdē (past singular third-person)
flekkōdā (past singular third-person)
flekkōm (first-person plural present)
flekkōdum (first-person past plural)
flekkōþ (plural present second-person)
flekkōdud (past plural second-person)
flekkōnþ (plural present third-person)
flekkōdun (past plural third-person)
flekkōdī (first-person past singular)
flekkōdī (past second-person singular)
flekkō (present singular third-person)
flekkōdī (past singular third-person)
flekkōdīm (first-person past plural)
flekkōdīd (past plural second-person)
flekkōn (plural present third-person)
flekkōdīn (past plural third-person)
flekkō (present singular)
flekkōþ (plural present)
flekkōndī (participle present)
flekkōd (participle past)

Old English: *fleccian

Middle English: *flekken (attested as flekked)

English: fleck

Old Frisian: flekkia

>? West Frisian: flekke (a class 1 weak verb, possibly borrowed from Dutch instead)

Old Dutch: *flekkon

Middle Dutch: vlecken

Dutch: vlekken

Old High German: *flekkōn

⇒ Old High German: giflekkōn

Middle High German: vlecken

German: flecken

Luxembourgish: flecken

From Proto-Germanic *flekkōną, equivalent to *flekk (“stain, spot”) + *-ōn.


bitōn

bitōn (infinitive)
bitōnijas (genitive infinitive)
bitōnijē (dative infinitive)
bitōniju (infinitive instrumental)
bitō (first-person present singular)
bitōdā (first-person past singular)
bitōs (present second-person singular)
bitōdēs (past second-person singular)
bitōdōs (past second-person singular)
bitōþ (present singular third-person)
bitōdē (past singular third-person)
bitōdā (past singular third-person)
bitōm (first-person plural present)
bitōdum (first-person past plural)
bitōþ (plural present second-person)
bitōdud (past plural second-person)
bitōnþ (plural present third-person)
bitōdun (past plural third-person)
bitōdī (first-person past singular)
bitōdī (past second-person singular)
bitō (present singular third-person)
bitōdī (past singular third-person)
bitōdīm (first-person past plural)
bitōdīd (past plural second-person)
bitōn (plural present third-person)
bitōdīn (past plural third-person)
bitō (present singular)
bitōþ (plural present)
bitōndī (participle present)
bitōd (participle past)

Old English: *bitian

desctree

⇒ Old English: gristbitian
Middle English: grisbiten, grysbetten (merged with descendant of *gristbittan)
English: gristbite

Old High German: *bizōn, *bizzōn

⇒ Old High German: inbizōn, imbizōn

⇒? Middle High German: durchbitzen

From Proto-Germanic *bitōną, equivalent to *bitō (“piece, bit, chunk”) + *-ōn.


lafendulā

lafendulā (nominative singular)
lafendulōn (nominative plural)
lafendulōn (accusative singular)
lafendulōn (accusative plural)
lafendulōn (genitive singular)
lafendulōnō (genitive plural)
lafendulōn (dative singular)
lafendulōm (dative plural)
lafendulum (dative plural)
lafendulōn (instrumental singular)
lafendulōm (instrumental plural)
lafendulum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: levindola

desc

Middle Low German: lavendel, laffendel, lovendel, lofengel, levendel, lovengel

German Low German: Lewendel

→ Danish: lavendel

→ Swedish: lavendel

→ Finnish: laventeli

Old Dutch: *lavendula

Middle Dutch: lavendel, lavender (influenced by Old French)

Dutch: lavendel

→ West Frisian: lavindel

Old High German: lavendula, lafendula, lavendele, lafendele, lovengele, lofengele

Middle High German: lavendel, lavendele

desctree

German: Lavendel
→ Bulgarian: лаванду́ла (lavandúla)
→ Czech: levandule
→ Hungarian: levendula

Luxembourgish: Lavendel


maskā

maskā (nominative singular)
maskōn (nominative plural)
maskōn (accusative singular)
maskōn (accusative plural)
maskōn (genitive singular)
maskōnō (genitive plural)
maskōn (dative singular)
maskōm (dative plural)
maskum (dative plural)
maskōn (instrumental singular)
maskōm (instrumental plural)
maskum (instrumental plural)

Old English: mæsċre f, masc n, max n

Middle English: maske, *masche, mesche

Scots: mask

English: mesh

Old Frisian: *maske

Saterland Frisian: Mäske

West Frisian: mesk, mêsk

Old Saxon: maska, *māska

Middle Low German: masche

German Low German: Maske, Mask

Old Dutch: *maska, *māska

Middle Dutch: maessce, masche, maesche

Dutch: maas

Old High German: masca, maska, māska, māsca
Middle High German: masche
German: Masche
Luxembourgish: Masch

→? Medieval Latin: masca (see there for further descendants)


holantr

holantr (nominative singular)
holantrō (nominative plural)
holantrōs (nominative plural)
holantr (accusative singular)
holantrā (accusative plural)
holantras (genitive singular)
holantrō (genitive plural)
holantrē (dative singular)
holantrum (dative plural)
holantru (instrumental singular)
holantrum (instrumental plural)

>? Old English: ellen
Middle English: ellern, eller, eldre, eldrn, elder, ellen (Early Middle English)
Yola: ellena

Old Saxon: holondar

desc

Middle Low German: holunder, holder, holler, holdern, holderen, hollander, hollender, holender, holander, holendor, holendore, holendoren

German Low German: Holunder, Holunner, Holler, Hollunner, Allhorn, Allhäuern

Old Dutch: *holuntara

Middle Dutch: holendere, holentere

Dutch: holender, heulenteer

desctree

Old High German: holuntar m, holuntra, holara, holre f
Middle High German: holunter, holunder, holer
German: Holunder, Holder, Holler, Hohlunder, Hollunder, Holunter, Hohlunter, Hollunter

Presumably from Proto-Germanic *hulandraz, from *hulô ~ *hullaz + *-traz (tree suffix), ultimately of unknown origin. Cognate with Danish hyld, Swedish hyll (“elder tree, elderberry”).


gapōn

gapōn (infinitive)
gapōnijas (genitive infinitive)
gapōnijē (dative infinitive)
gapōniju (infinitive instrumental)
gapō (first-person present singular)
gapōdā (first-person past singular)
gapōs (present second-person singular)
gapōdēs (past second-person singular)
gapōdōs (past second-person singular)
gapōþ (present singular third-person)
gapōdē (past singular third-person)
gapōdā (past singular third-person)
gapōm (first-person plural present)
gapōdum (first-person past plural)
gapōþ (plural present second-person)
gapōdud (past plural second-person)
gapōnþ (plural present third-person)
gapōdun (past plural third-person)
gapōdī (first-person past singular)
gapōdī (past second-person singular)
gapō (present singular third-person)
gapōdī (past singular third-person)
gapōdīm (first-person past plural)
gapōdīd (past plural second-person)
gapōn (plural present third-person)
gapōdīn (past plural third-person)
gapō (present singular)
gapōþ (plural present)
gapōndī (participle present)
gapōd (participle past)

Old English: *gapian

⇒ Old English: ofergapian

Middle English: gapen (Possibly from Old Norse)

English: gape

Old Frisian: *gapia

West Frisian: gapje

Old Saxon: *gapōn

Middle Low German: gapen

Old Dutch: gapon

Middle Dutch: gāpen

Dutch: gapen

Afrikaans: gaap

Old High German: *gaffōn

Middle High German: gaffen

German: gaffen

From Proto-Germanic *gapōną, closely related to *gabbōn (“to joke, to mock”).


gabbōn

gabbōn (infinitive)
gabbōnijas (genitive infinitive)
gabbōnijē (dative infinitive)
gabbōniju (infinitive instrumental)
gabbō (first-person present singular)
gabbōdā (first-person past singular)
gabbōs (present second-person singular)
gabbōdēs (past second-person singular)
gabbōdōs (past second-person singular)
gabbōþ (present singular third-person)
gabbōdē (past singular third-person)
gabbōdā (past singular third-person)
gabbōm (first-person plural present)
gabbōdum (first-person past plural)
gabbōþ (plural present second-person)
gabbōdud (past plural second-person)
gabbōnþ (plural present third-person)
gabbōdun (past plural third-person)
gabbōdī (first-person past singular)
gabbōdī (past second-person singular)
gabbō (present singular third-person)
gabbōdī (past singular third-person)
gabbōdīm (first-person past plural)
gabbōdīd (past plural second-person)
gabbōn (plural present third-person)
gabbōdīn (past plural third-person)
gabbō (present singular)
gabbōþ (plural present)
gabbōndī (participle present)
gabbōd (participle past)

Old English: *gabbian, gabban

Middle English: gabben

English: gab

⇒ English: gabble (possibly borrowed from Dutch)

Old Frisian: gabbia

⇒ Saterland Frisian: gabbelje

West Frisian: gabbje

Old Saxon: *gabbōn

Middle Low German: gabben

⇒ German Low German: gabbeln

Old Dutch: *gabbon

Middle Dutch: gabben

Dutch: gabben

→⇒ Swedish: begabba

⇒ Dutch: gabbelen

desc

⇒ Dutch: ginnegappen, ginnegabben, ginnegaffen


fleuþr

fleuþr (nominative singular)
fleuþrō (nominative plural)
fleuþrōs (nominative plural)
fleuþr (accusative singular)
fleuþrā (accusative plural)
fleuþras (genitive singular)
fleuþrō (genitive plural)
fleuþrē (dative singular)
fleuþrum (dative plural)
fleuþru (instrumental singular)
fleuþrum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *fliāther

West Frisian: flear

>? Old Saxon: *fliothar

Middle Low German: vlêder, vleder, flêder, vlider (likely from Dutch)

German Low German:

Low Prussian: Flieder

Westphalian:

Bentheimisch: Fleär

Westmünsterländisch Fleer

Plautdietsch: Flêder

→ German: Flieder

→ Swedish: fläder

Old Dutch: fliethar

Middle Dutch: vlieder, vlier

Dutch: vlier


sehstārī

sehstārī (nominative singular)
sehstārijō (nominative plural)
sehstārijōs (nominative plural)
sehstārī (accusative singular)
sehstārijā (accusative plural)
sehstārijas (genitive singular)
sehstārijō (genitive plural)
sehstārijē (dative singular)
sehstārijum (dative plural)
sehstāriju (instrumental singular)
sehstārijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sester, syster, seoxter

Middle English: sester, syster

English: sester

Old Saxon: soster, suster

Middle Low German: sestäre, sester, sestere

Dutch Low Saxon: keze

German Low German: Kees, Käes, Käse

Plautdietsch: Kjees

Old Dutch: *sestar

Middle Dutch: sester, sister, zester

Dutch: sester

Old High German: sehstāri, sestāri, sehtāri

Middle High German: sehstäre, sehster, sisiter, sehter, sechter, sestere

German: Sechter, Sester

Borrowed from Latin sestārius, sistārius, septārius, sextārius.


furimunēn

furimunēn (infinitive)
furimunēnijas (genitive infinitive)
furimunēnijē (dative infinitive)
furimunēniju (infinitive instrumental)
furimunē (first-person present singular)
furimun?dā (first-person past singular)
furimunēs (present second-person singular)
furimun?dēs (past second-person singular)
furimunēþ (present singular third-person)
furimun?dē (past singular third-person)
furimun?dā (past singular third-person)
furimunēm (first-person plural present)
furimun?dum (first-person past plural)
furimunēþ (plural present second-person)
furimun?dud (past plural second-person)
furimunēnþ (plural present third-person)
furimun?dun (past plural third-person)
furimun?dī (first-person past singular)
furimun?dī (past second-person singular)
furimunē (present singular third-person)
furimun?dī (past singular third-person)
furimun?dīm (first-person past plural)
furimun?dīd (past plural second-person)
furimunēn (plural present third-person)
furimun?dīn (past plural third-person)
furimunē (present singular)
furimunēþ (plural present)
furimunēndī (participle present)
furimun?d (participle past)

desctree

Old Dutch: *farmunon
Middle Dutch: vermōnen

Old High German: firmonēn

From Proto-Germanic *furimunāną, equivalent to *furi- + *munēn (“to intend, to value”).


munēn

munēn (infinitive)
munēnijas (genitive infinitive)
munēnijē (dative infinitive)
munēniju (infinitive instrumental)
munē (first-person present singular)
mun?dā (first-person past singular)
munēs (present second-person singular)
mun?dēs (past second-person singular)
munēþ (present singular third-person)
mun?dē (past singular third-person)
mun?dā (past singular third-person)
munēm (first-person plural present)
mun?dum (first-person past plural)
munēþ (plural present second-person)
mun?dud (past plural second-person)
munēnþ (plural present third-person)
mun?dun (past plural third-person)
mun?dī (first-person past singular)
mun?dī (past second-person singular)
munē (present singular third-person)
mun?dī (past singular third-person)
mun?dīm (first-person past plural)
mun?dīd (past plural second-person)
munēn (plural present third-person)
mun?dīn (past plural third-person)
munē (present singular)
munēþ (plural present)
munēndī (participle present)
mun?d (participle past)

q

Old English: mynian (with unexpected umlaut, possibly backformed to the noun)

From Proto-Germanic *munāną, equivalent to *muni (“mind, desire”) + *-ēn.


tornōn

tornōn (infinitive)
tornōnijas (genitive infinitive)
tornōnijē (dative infinitive)
tornōniju (infinitive instrumental)
tornō (first-person present singular)
tornōdā (first-person past singular)
tornōs (present second-person singular)
tornōdēs (past second-person singular)
tornōdōs (past second-person singular)
tornōþ (present singular third-person)
tornōdē (past singular third-person)
tornōdā (past singular third-person)
tornōm (first-person plural present)
tornōdum (first-person past plural)
tornōþ (plural present second-person)
tornōdud (past plural second-person)
tornōnþ (plural present third-person)
tornōdun (past plural third-person)
tornōdī (first-person past singular)
tornōdī (past second-person singular)
tornō (present singular third-person)
tornōdī (past singular third-person)
tornōdīm (first-person past plural)
tornōdīd (past plural second-person)
tornōn (plural present third-person)
tornōdīn (past plural third-person)
tornō (present singular)
tornōþ (plural present)
tornōndī (participle present)
tornōd (participle past)

Old Dutch: *tornon

Middle Dutch: tornen (conflated with the descendant of *trannijaną)

Dutch: tornen


tornōn

Old Saxon: *tornōn

Middle Low German: tornen, tōrnen

Old Dutch: *tornon

Middle Dutch: tornen, toornen

Dutch: toornen

Old High German: zornōn

Middle High German: zornen


hungrōn

hungrōn (infinitive)
hungrōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hungrōnijē (dative infinitive)
hungrōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hungrō (first-person present singular)
hungrōdā (first-person past singular)
hungrōs (present second-person singular)
hungrōdēs (past second-person singular)
hungrōdōs (past second-person singular)
hungrōþ (present singular third-person)
hungrōdē (past singular third-person)
hungrōdā (past singular third-person)
hungrōm (first-person plural present)
hungrōdum (first-person past plural)
hungrōþ (plural present second-person)
hungrōdud (past plural second-person)
hungrōnþ (plural present third-person)
hungrōdun (past plural third-person)
hungrōdī (first-person past singular)
hungrōdī (past second-person singular)
hungrō (present singular third-person)
hungrōdī (past singular third-person)
hungrōdīm (first-person past plural)
hungrōdīd (past plural second-person)
hungrōn (plural present third-person)
hungrōdīn (past plural third-person)
hungrō (present singular)
hungrōþ (plural present)
hungrōndī (participle present)
hungrōd (participle past)

Old English: *hungrian

Middle English: hungren (merged with descendants of *hungrijan)

Scots: hungir

English: hunger

Old Frisian: hungeria

West Frisian: hongerje

Old High German: hungarōn

Middle High German: hungeren

Cimbrian: hungaran

German: hungern

From Proto-Germanic *hungrōną. Equivalent to *hungr (“hunger”) + *-ōn.


unnjalauk

unnjalauk (nominative singular)
unnjalaukō (nominative plural)
unnjalaukōs (nominative plural)
unnjalauk (accusative singular)
unnjalaukā (accusative plural)
unnjalaukas (genitive singular)
unnjalaukō (genitive plural)
unnjalaukē (dative singular)
unnjalaukum (dative plural)
unnjalauku (instrumental singular)
unnjalaukum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: ynnelēac, ynelēac, ennelēac, enelēac, ennelēc
Middle English: hinneleac, henneleac, hynneleac

Old Saxon: unlōk

Old High German: ullouh, unilouh

Middle High German: ullouch, ulloch

Central Franconian: Öllich

→? Dutch: ullich, aolike (dialectal)


klobu

klobu (nominative singular)
klobō (nominative plural)
klobā (accusative singular)
klobā (accusative plural)
klobā (genitive singular)
klobō (genitive plural)
klobē (dative singular)
klobōm (dative plural)
klobum (dative plural)
klobu (instrumental singular)
klobōm (instrumental plural)
klobum (instrumental plural)

Old English: clofu, clufu

Middle English: clove, clof, clowe
English: clove
Scots: clow

Related to *kleuban (“to split, cleave”).


unnjā

unnjā (nominative singular)
unnjōn (nominative plural)
unnjōn (accusative singular)
unnjōn (accusative plural)
unnjōn (genitive singular)
unnjōnō (genitive plural)
unnjōn (dative singular)
unnjōm (dative plural)
unnjum (dative plural)
unnjōn (instrumental singular)
unnjōm (instrumental plural)
unnjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ȳn

Old Dutch: *unna

Middle Dutch: *unne

desc

Limburgish: un, unne, unnen, unj, unje, ung (archaic)

Old High German: unna

Middle High German: *ünne

Central Franconian: Enn, Önn

German: Ünne

Luxembourgish: Ënn

Borrowed from Medieval Latin uniō and Latin ūniō.


bolōn

bolōn (infinitive)
bolōnijas (genitive infinitive)
bolōnijē (dative infinitive)
bolōniju (infinitive instrumental)
bolō (first-person present singular)
bolōdā (first-person past singular)
bolōs (present second-person singular)
bolōdēs (past second-person singular)
bolōdōs (past second-person singular)
bolōþ (present singular third-person)
bolōdē (past singular third-person)
bolōdā (past singular third-person)
bolōm (first-person plural present)
bolōdum (first-person past plural)
bolōþ (plural present second-person)
bolōdud (past plural second-person)
bolōnþ (plural present third-person)
bolōdun (past plural third-person)
bolōdī (first-person past singular)
bolōdī (past second-person singular)
bolō (present singular third-person)
bolōdī (past singular third-person)
bolōdīm (first-person past plural)
bolōdīd (past plural second-person)
bolōn (plural present third-person)
bolōdīn (past plural third-person)
bolō (present singular)
bolōþ (plural present)
bolōndī (participle present)
bolōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: *bolia

West Frisian: bolje

Old Dutch:

Middle Dutch:

q

>? Dutch: bollen (the meaning "to roll, play with a ball" is dialectal, possbily backformed to bol)

Old High German: bolōn

Middle High German: bolen


slagōn

slagōn (infinitive)
slagōnijas (genitive infinitive)
slagōnijē (dative infinitive)
slagōniju (infinitive instrumental)
slagō (first-person present singular)
slagōdā (first-person past singular)
slagōs (present second-person singular)
slagōdēs (past second-person singular)
slagōdōs (past second-person singular)
slagōþ (present singular third-person)
slagōdē (past singular third-person)
slagōdā (past singular third-person)
slagōm (first-person plural present)
slagōdum (first-person past plural)
slagōþ (plural present second-person)
slagōdud (past plural second-person)
slagōnþ (plural present third-person)
slagōdun (past plural third-person)
slagōdī (first-person past singular)
slagōdī (past second-person singular)
slagō (present singular third-person)
slagōdī (past singular third-person)
slagōdīm (first-person past plural)
slagōdīd (past plural second-person)
slagōn (plural present third-person)
slagōdīn (past plural third-person)
slagō (present singular)
slagōþ (plural present)
slagōndī (participle present)
slagōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: slagia

Old Saxon: *slagōn

Middle Low German: slāgen

Old Dutch: *slagon

⇒ Old Dutch: upslagon

Middle Dutch: slagen

Dutch: slagen

Old High German: slagōn

Middle High German: slagen

German: schlagen (conflated with descendant of *slahan)

From Proto-Germanic *slagōną. Equivalent to *slag, *slagi (“blow, strike”) + *-ōn.


bukkōn

bukkōn (infinitive)
bukkōnijas (genitive infinitive)
bukkōnijē (dative infinitive)
bukkōniju (infinitive instrumental)
bukkō (first-person present singular)
bukkōdā (first-person past singular)
bukkōs (present second-person singular)
bukkōdēs (past second-person singular)
bukkōdōs (past second-person singular)
bukkōþ (present singular third-person)
bukkōdē (past singular third-person)
bukkōdā (past singular third-person)
bukkōm (first-person plural present)
bukkōdum (first-person past plural)
bukkōþ (plural present second-person)
bukkōdud (past plural second-person)
bukkōnþ (plural present third-person)
bukkōdun (past plural third-person)
bukkōdī (first-person past singular)
bukkōdī (past second-person singular)
bukkō (present singular third-person)
bukkōdī (past singular third-person)
bukkōdīm (first-person past plural)
bukkōdīd (past plural second-person)
bukkōn (plural present third-person)
bukkōdīn (past plural third-person)
bukkō (present singular)
bukkōþ (plural present)
bukkōndī (participle present)
bukkōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: bukkia

Old Saxon: *bukkōn

Middle Low German: bucken, bocken

→ Danish: bukke

Old Dutch: *bokkon

Middle Dutch: bocken

Dutch: bukken (merged with the descendant of *bukkjan)

→ English: buck

Old High German: *bukkōn

Middle High German: bucken, bocken


klobulauk

klobulauk (nominative singular)
klobulaukō (nominative plural)
klobulaukōs (nominative plural)
klobulauk (accusative singular)
klobulaukā (accusative plural)
klobulaukas (genitive singular)
klobulaukō (genitive plural)
klobulaukē (dative singular)
klobulaukum (dative plural)
klobulauku (instrumental singular)
klobulaukum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: kluflōk

desc

Middle Low German: knuflôk, knufloek, knuflof, knufflôk, knuftlôk, knovelôk, kloflôk

German Low German:

East Frisian: Knuuvlook, Knoovlook

Low Prussian: Knobloch

Westphalian:

Sauerländisch: Knuffläof, Knaublauch (Brilon), Knubbelejek (Niedersfeld), Knoubluak (Attendorn), Knoblauch (Drolshagen), Knuffläoch (Kirchhundem), Kniuweläoch (Selbecke)

East Westphalian: Knublack (Lipp)

South Westphalian: Knuflaok (Dortmund)

→ Saterland Frisian: Knuuflok

→ Old Norse: kloflaukr (influenced in form by laukr)

Old Dutch: *kloflōk

Middle Dutch: knofloick, knuuflooch, cloffloc

Dutch: knoflook

→ West Frisian: knyflok

Old High German: klobalouh, klobilouh

Middle High German: knobelouch, knoblouch, klobelouch, knobelouch

German: Knoblauch

From *klobu, *klobi (“clove, bulb”) + *lauk (“leek”).


timrōn

timrōn (infinitive)
timrōnijas (genitive infinitive)
timrōnijē (dative infinitive)
timrōniju (infinitive instrumental)
timrō (first-person present singular)
timrōdā (first-person past singular)
timrōs (present second-person singular)
timrōdēs (past second-person singular)
timrōdōs (past second-person singular)
timrōþ (present singular third-person)
timrōdē (past singular third-person)
timrōdā (past singular third-person)
timrōm (first-person plural present)
timrōdum (first-person past plural)
timrōþ (plural present second-person)
timrōdud (past plural second-person)
timrōnþ (plural present third-person)
timrōdun (past plural third-person)
timrōdī (first-person past singular)
timrōdī (past second-person singular)
timrō (present singular third-person)
timrōdī (past singular third-person)
timrōdīm (first-person past plural)
timrōdīd (past plural second-person)
timrōn (plural present third-person)
timrōdīn (past plural third-person)
timrō (present singular)
timrōþ (plural present)
timrōndī (participle present)
timrōd (participle past)

Old English: timbrian

Middle English: timbren

English: timber

Old Frisian: timbria, timmeria

North Frisian: timmerjen

Old Saxon: timbrōn

Middle Low German: timberen, timmeren

Old High German: zimbarōn

Middle High German: zimbern

German: zimmern

From Proto-Germanic *timrōną. Equivalent to *timr (“(act of) building; building, structure”) + *-ōn.


lagōn

lagōn (infinitive)
lagōnijas (genitive infinitive)
lagōnijē (dative infinitive)
lagōniju (infinitive instrumental)
lagō (first-person present singular)
lagōdā (first-person past singular)
lagōs (present second-person singular)
lagōdēs (past second-person singular)
lagōdōs (past second-person singular)
lagōþ (present singular third-person)
lagōdē (past singular third-person)
lagōdā (past singular third-person)
lagōm (first-person plural present)
lagōdum (first-person past plural)
lagōþ (plural present second-person)
lagōdud (past plural second-person)
lagōnþ (plural present third-person)
lagōdun (past plural third-person)
lagōdī (first-person past singular)
lagōdī (past second-person singular)
lagō (present singular third-person)
lagōdī (past singular third-person)
lagōdīm (first-person past plural)
lagōdīd (past plural second-person)
lagōn (plural present third-person)
lagōdīn (past plural third-person)
lagō (present singular)
lagōþ (plural present)
lagōndī (participle present)
lagōd (participle past)

Old English: lagian

Old Frisian: lagia


sporōn

sporōn (infinitive)
sporōnijas (genitive infinitive)
sporōnijē (dative infinitive)
sporōniju (infinitive instrumental)
sporō (first-person present singular)
sporōdā (first-person past singular)
sporōs (present second-person singular)
sporōdēs (past second-person singular)
sporōdōs (past second-person singular)
sporōþ (present singular third-person)
sporōdē (past singular third-person)
sporōdā (past singular third-person)
sporōm (first-person plural present)
sporōdum (first-person past plural)
sporōþ (plural present second-person)
sporōdud (past plural second-person)
sporōnþ (plural present third-person)
sporōdun (past plural third-person)
sporōdī (first-person past singular)
sporōdī (past second-person singular)
sporō (present singular third-person)
sporōdī (past singular third-person)
sporōdīm (first-person past plural)
sporōdīd (past plural second-person)
sporōn (plural present third-person)
sporōdīn (past plural third-person)
sporō (present singular)
sporōþ (plural present)
sporōndī (participle present)
sporōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: *sporia

West Frisian: spoarje, spoare

Old Saxon: *sporōn

Middle Low German: spōren

Old Dutch: *sporon

Middle Dutch: spōren

Dutch: sporen

From Proto-Germanic *spurōną. Equivalent to *spor (“track, trace”) + *-ōn.


sporōn

Old English: *sporian

desctree

Middle English: sporen, spuren, spurren, spore, spurie, sporie
English: spur
Scots: spur

Old Dutch: *sporon

Middle Dutch: spōren

Dutch: sporen

Old High German: sporōn

Middle High German: sporen

From Proto-Germanic *spurōną. Equivalent to *sporō (“spur”) + *-ōn.