wannōn

wannōn (infinitive)
wannōnijas (genitive infinitive)
wannōnijē (dative infinitive)
wannōniju (infinitive instrumental)
wannō (first-person present singular)
wannōdā (first-person past singular)
wannōs (present second-person singular)
wannōdēs (past second-person singular)
wannōdōs (past second-person singular)
wannōþ (present singular third-person)
wannōdē (past singular third-person)
wannōdā (past singular third-person)
wannōm (first-person plural present)
wannōdum (first-person past plural)
wannōþ (plural present second-person)
wannōdud (past plural second-person)
wannōnþ (plural present third-person)
wannōdun (past plural third-person)
wannōdī (first-person past singular)
wannōdī (past second-person singular)
wannō (present singular third-person)
wannōdī (past singular third-person)
wannōdīm (first-person past plural)
wannōdīd (past plural second-person)
wannōn (plural present third-person)
wannōdīn (past plural third-person)
wannō (present singular)
wannōþ (plural present)
wannōndī (participle present)
wannōd (participle past)

Old English: fannian

desctree

Middle English: fannen, vanne, vanni, fanne
English: fan
Scots: fan

Old Saxon: *wannon

Middle Low German: wannen

Old Dutch: *wannon

Middle Dutch: wannen

Dutch: wannen

Old High German: wannōn

Middle High German: wannen

German: wannen

From *wannu (“winnowing fan”) + *-ōn, or directly borrowed from Latin vannō (“to winnow”).


tolnu

tolnu (nominative singular)
tolnō (nominative plural)
tolnā (accusative singular)
tolnā (accusative plural)
tolnā (genitive singular)
tolnō (genitive plural)
tolnē (dative singular)
tolnōm (dative plural)
tolnum (dative plural)
tolnu (instrumental singular)
tolnōm (instrumental plural)
tolnum (instrumental plural)

Old English: toln
Middle English: toln, tolne
English: tolne (obsolete)
Scots: tolne, tholone, tholonie

Old Frisian: tolne, tolene

Saterland Frisian: Tol m

West Frisian: tol m or f

Old Saxon: tolna; toln m

desc

Middle Low German: toln, tolne, tollen, tolen, tolent, tollent m

Old Dutch: *tolna

Middle Dutch: tolne, toolne, toelne

Old High German: *zolna; *zoln m

Middle High German: zoln m; zol m or f

Uncertain. Possibly derived from Proto-Germanic *tullaz (“that which is counted, reckoning”), from Proto-Indo-European *dol- (“calculation”). Alternatively a borrowing from Latin telōnēum (“toll booth, custom house”).


willīgōn

willīgōn (infinitive)
willīgōnijas (genitive infinitive)
willīgōnijē (dative infinitive)
willīgōniju (infinitive instrumental)
willīgō (first-person present singular)
willīgōdā (first-person past singular)
willīgōs (present second-person singular)
willīgōdēs (past second-person singular)
willīgōdōs (past second-person singular)
willīgōþ (present singular third-person)
willīgōdē (past singular third-person)
willīgōdā (past singular third-person)
willīgōm (first-person plural present)
willīgōdum (first-person past plural)
willīgōþ (plural present second-person)
willīgōdud (past plural second-person)
willīgōnþ (plural present third-person)
willīgōdun (past plural third-person)
willīgōdī (first-person past singular)
willīgōdī (past second-person singular)
willīgō (present singular third-person)
willīgōdī (past singular third-person)
willīgōdīm (first-person past plural)
willīgōdīd (past plural second-person)
willīgōn (plural present third-person)
willīgōdīn (past plural third-person)
willīgō (present singular)
willīgōþ (plural present)
willīgōndī (participle present)
willīgōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *willigon

Middle Low German: willigen

desctree

Old Dutch: *willigon
Middle Dutch: willigen
Dutch: willigen

Old High German: willigōn

Middle High German: willigen

German: willigen


wīdiʀōn

wīdiʀōn (infinitive)
wīdiʀōnijas (genitive infinitive)
wīdiʀōnijē (dative infinitive)
wīdiʀōniju (infinitive instrumental)
wīdiʀō (first-person present singular)
wīdiʀōdā (first-person past singular)
wīdiʀōs (present second-person singular)
wīdiʀōdēs (past second-person singular)
wīdiʀōdōs (past second-person singular)
wīdiʀōþ (present singular third-person)
wīdiʀōdē (past singular third-person)
wīdiʀōdā (past singular third-person)
wīdiʀōm (first-person plural present)
wīdiʀōdum (first-person past plural)
wīdiʀōþ (plural present second-person)
wīdiʀōdud (past plural second-person)
wīdiʀōnþ (plural present third-person)
wīdiʀōdun (past plural third-person)
wīdiʀōdī (first-person past singular)
wīdiʀōdī (past second-person singular)
wīdiʀō (present singular third-person)
wīdiʀōdī (past singular third-person)
wīdiʀōdīm (first-person past plural)
wīdiʀōdīd (past plural second-person)
wīdiʀōn (plural present third-person)
wīdiʀōdīn (past plural third-person)
wīdiʀō (present singular)
wīdiʀōþ (plural present)
wīdiʀōndī (participle present)
wīdiʀōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: *wīdria

⇒ West Frisian: ferwiderje

Old Saxon: *wīdiron

⇒ Middle Low German: vörwīderen

Old Dutch: *wīdiron
Middle Dutch: wideren
Dutch: wijderen (obsolete)
⇒ Dutch: verwijderen

Old High German: *wītirōn

Middle High German: wīteren, wītern

German: weitern (rare)

desc

⇒ Middle High German: erwīteren, erwītern

German: erweitern

⇒ Old High German: gewītirōn

Middle High German: gewīteren, gewītern


wissōn

wissōn (infinitive)
wissōnijas (genitive infinitive)
wissōnijē (dative infinitive)
wissōniju (infinitive instrumental)
wissō (first-person present singular)
wissōdā (first-person past singular)
wissōs (present second-person singular)
wissōdēs (past second-person singular)
wissōdōs (past second-person singular)
wissōþ (present singular third-person)
wissōdē (past singular third-person)
wissōdā (past singular third-person)
wissōm (first-person plural present)
wissōdum (first-person past plural)
wissōþ (plural present second-person)
wissōdud (past plural second-person)
wissōnþ (plural present third-person)
wissōdun (past plural third-person)
wissōdī (first-person past singular)
wissōdī (past second-person singular)
wissō (present singular third-person)
wissōdī (past singular third-person)
wissōdīm (first-person past plural)
wissōdīd (past plural second-person)
wissōn (plural present third-person)
wissōdīn (past plural third-person)
wissō (present singular)
wissōþ (plural present)
wissōndī (participle present)
wissōd (participle past)

Old English: wissian

Middle English: wissen

English: wis, wiss (obsolete)

Old Frisian: wissia

Old Saxon: *wisson

Middle Low German: wissen

Old Dutch: *wisson

Middle Dutch: wissen

Old High German: *wissōn

⇒ Old High German: gewissōn

Middle High German: gewissen


wīlōn

wīlōn (infinitive)
wīlōnijas (genitive infinitive)
wīlōnijē (dative infinitive)
wīlōniju (infinitive instrumental)
wīlō (first-person present singular)
wīlōdā (first-person past singular)
wīlōs (present second-person singular)
wīlōdēs (past second-person singular)
wīlōdōs (past second-person singular)
wīlōþ (present singular third-person)
wīlōdē (past singular third-person)
wīlōdā (past singular third-person)
wīlōm (first-person plural present)
wīlōdum (first-person past plural)
wīlōþ (plural present second-person)
wīlōdud (past plural second-person)
wīlōnþ (plural present third-person)
wīlōdun (past plural third-person)
wīlōdī (first-person past singular)
wīlōdī (past second-person singular)
wīlō (present singular third-person)
wīlōdī (past singular third-person)
wīlōdīm (first-person past plural)
wīlōdīd (past plural second-person)
wīlōn (plural present third-person)
wīlōdīn (past plural third-person)
wīlō (present singular)
wīlōþ (plural present)
wīlōndī (participle present)
wīlōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *wīlon

Middle Low German: wīlen

Old Dutch: *wīlon
Middle Dutch: wilen

Old High German: wīlōn

Middle High German: wīlen

Borrowed from Latin vēlō (“I cover, wrap, veil”).


segōn

segōn (infinitive)
segōnijas (genitive infinitive)
segōnijē (dative infinitive)
segōniju (infinitive instrumental)
segō (first-person present singular)
segōdā (first-person past singular)
segōs (present second-person singular)
segōdēs (past second-person singular)
segōdōs (past second-person singular)
segōþ (present singular third-person)
segōdē (past singular third-person)
segōdā (past singular third-person)
segōm (first-person plural present)
segōdum (first-person past plural)
segōþ (plural present second-person)
segōdud (past plural second-person)
segōnþ (plural present third-person)
segōdun (past plural third-person)
segōdī (first-person past singular)
segōdī (past second-person singular)
segō (present singular third-person)
segōdī (past singular third-person)
segōdīm (first-person past plural)
segōdīd (past plural second-person)
segōn (plural present third-person)
segōdīn (past plural third-person)
segō (present singular)
segōþ (plural present)
segōndī (participle present)
segōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: *segia

West Frisian: seagje, seegje

Old Dutch: *segon

Middle Dutch: *segen

Limburgish: zegen, ziegen

Old High German: segōn

Middle High German: segen

q

German: sägen (likely merged with the descendant of *sagōn)


sairagōn

sairagōn (infinitive)
sairagōnijas (genitive infinitive)
sairagōnijē (dative infinitive)
sairagōniju (infinitive instrumental)
sairagō (first-person present singular)
sairagōdā (first-person past singular)
sairagōs (present second-person singular)
sairagōdēs (past second-person singular)
sairagōdōs (past second-person singular)
sairagōþ (present singular third-person)
sairagōdē (past singular third-person)
sairagōdā (past singular third-person)
sairagōm (first-person plural present)
sairagōdum (first-person past plural)
sairagōþ (plural present second-person)
sairagōdud (past plural second-person)
sairagōnþ (plural present third-person)
sairagōdun (past plural third-person)
sairagōdī (first-person past singular)
sairagōdī (past second-person singular)
sairagō (present singular third-person)
sairagōdī (past singular third-person)
sairagōdīm (first-person past plural)
sairagōdīd (past plural second-person)
sairagōn (plural present third-person)
sairagōdīn (past plural third-person)
sairagō (present singular)
sairagōþ (plural present)
sairagōndī (participle present)
sairagōd (participle past)

Old English: sārgian

Old Frisian: *sērigia

⇒ Old Frisian: bisērigia

Old Saxon: *sērigon

desc

Middle Low German: sērigen, sērgen, sērien

Old Dutch: *sērigon

Middle Dutch: sêrigen

⇒ Middle Dutch: versêrigen

Dutch: verzerigen

Old High German: sēragōn

Middle High German: sēregen, sērgen, sērigen

German: sehrigen (obsolete)

From *sairag (“hurting, painful, sore”) + *-ōn.


sagōn

sagōn (infinitive)
sagōnijas (genitive infinitive)
sagōnijē (dative infinitive)
sagōniju (infinitive instrumental)
sagō (first-person present singular)
sagōdā (first-person past singular)
sagōs (present second-person singular)
sagōdēs (past second-person singular)
sagōdōs (past second-person singular)
sagōþ (present singular third-person)
sagōdē (past singular third-person)
sagōdā (past singular third-person)
sagōm (first-person plural present)
sagōdum (first-person past plural)
sagōþ (plural present second-person)
sagōdud (past plural second-person)
sagōnþ (plural present third-person)
sagōdun (past plural third-person)
sagōdī (first-person past singular)
sagōdī (past second-person singular)
sagō (present singular third-person)
sagōdī (past singular third-person)
sagōdīm (first-person past plural)
sagōdīd (past plural second-person)
sagōn (plural present third-person)
sagōdīn (past plural third-person)
sagō (present singular)
sagōþ (plural present)
sagōndī (participle present)
sagōd (participle past)

Old English: *sagian

Middle English: sagen, sawen

English: saw

Scots: saw

Old Frisian: sagia (implied by holtsagia)

Saterland Frisian: soagje

West Frisian: saagje, seagje, seegje

Old Saxon: *sagōn

Middle Low German: sāgen

German Low German: sagen

Old Dutch: *sagon

Middle Dutch: sāgen

Dutch: zagen

Old High German: sagōn

Middle High German: sagen

q

German: sägen (likely merged with the descendant of *segōn)

From Proto-Germanic *sagōną. Equivalent to *sagu (“saw”) + *-ōn.


sagōn

desctree

Old English: sagian
Middle English: sawen, sauen

Old Saxon: *sagōn

Middle Low German: sāgen

Old Dutch: sagon

Middle Dutch: sagen

Old High German: sagōn

gl

merged with descendant of Old High German <i class="Latn mention" lang="goh">sagēn</i>

Middle High German: sagen (merged with descendant of Old High German sagēn)

German: sagen


skarōn

skarōn (infinitive)
skarōnijas (genitive infinitive)
skarōnijē (dative infinitive)
skarōniju (infinitive instrumental)
skarō (first-person present singular)
skarōdā (first-person past singular)
skarōs (present second-person singular)
skarōdēs (past second-person singular)
skarōdōs (past second-person singular)
skarōþ (present singular third-person)
skarōdē (past singular third-person)
skarōdā (past singular third-person)
skarōm (first-person plural present)
skarōdum (first-person past plural)
skarōþ (plural present second-person)
skarōdud (past plural second-person)
skarōnþ (plural present third-person)
skarōdun (past plural third-person)
skarōdī (first-person past singular)
skarōdī (past second-person singular)
skarō (present singular third-person)
skarōdī (past singular third-person)
skarōdīm (first-person past plural)
skarōdīd (past plural second-person)
skarōn (plural present third-person)
skarōdīn (past plural third-person)
skarō (present singular)
skarōþ (plural present)
skarōndī (participle present)
skarōd (participle past)

Old English: scearian

Middle English: *scharen

English: share

Old Frisian: skaria, skeria

West Frisian: skare (unexpectedly a class 1 weak verb)

Old Saxon: *skarōn

Middle Low German: scharen

Old Dutch: *skaron

Middle Dutch: scharen

Dutch: scharen

Old High German: skarōn

Middle High German: scharen

German: scharen


skrankalōn

skrankalōn (infinitive)
skrankalōnijas (genitive infinitive)
skrankalōnijē (dative infinitive)
skrankalōniju (infinitive instrumental)
skrankalō (first-person present singular)
skrankalōdā (first-person past singular)
skrankalōs (present second-person singular)
skrankalōdēs (past second-person singular)
skrankalōdōs (past second-person singular)
skrankalōþ (present singular third-person)
skrankalōdē (past singular third-person)
skrankalōdā (past singular third-person)
skrankalōm (first-person plural present)
skrankalōdum (first-person past plural)
skrankalōþ (plural present second-person)
skrankalōdud (past plural second-person)
skrankalōnþ (plural present third-person)
skrankalōdun (past plural third-person)
skrankalōdī (first-person past singular)
skrankalōdī (past second-person singular)
skrankalō (present singular third-person)
skrankalōdī (past singular third-person)
skrankalōdīm (first-person past plural)
skrankalōdīd (past plural second-person)
skrankalōn (plural present third-person)
skrankalōdīn (past plural third-person)
skrankalō (present singular)
skrankalōþ (plural present)
skrankalōndī (participle present)
skrankalōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *skrankalon

Middle Low German: schrankelen

Old Dutch: *skrankalon

Middle Dutch: schrankelen

Dutch: schrankelen (archaic or dialectal)

Old High German: skrankalōn, skrankolōn

(frequentative) to walk in a restricted manner, stagger, sway


skrifti

skrifti (nominative singular)
skriftī (nominative plural)
skrifti (accusative singular)
skriftī (accusative plural)
skriftī (genitive singular)
skriftijō (genitive plural)
skriftī (dative singular)
skriftim (dative plural)
skriftijum (dative plural)
skriftī (instrumental singular)
skriftim (instrumental plural)
skriftijum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: scrift m
Middle English: shrift
English: shrift

Old Frisian: skrift f, skrifta m

West Frisian: skrift n

Old Saxon: *skrift

Middle Low German: schrift f

Low German: Schrift f

→ Old Norse: skript f

Danish: skrift c or n

Icelandic: skrift f

Norwegian: skrift f or n

Swedish: skrift c

Old Dutch: *skrift f (attested as genitive scriphte)

Middle Dutch: schrift, schricht f or n

<abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr> for “holy scripture”

Dutch: schrift n (f for “holy scripture”)
Afrikaans: skrif
Berbice Creole Dutch: skrifu
Negerhollands: skrift
→ Caribbean Javanese: sekrip
→ Indonesian: skrip
→ Papiamentu: skref, skrif

Old High German: scrift f

Middle High German: schrift f

German: Schrift f

Luxembourgish: Schrëft f

Yiddish: שריפֿט f (shrift)

From Latin scriptum, reinterpreted as an abstract noun in *-ti (Proto-Indo-European *-tis). The -ft- may be due either to still active Primärberührung or to analogy.


bijakaʀ

bijakaʀ (nominative singular)
bijakaʀu (nominative plural)
bijakaʀ (accusative singular)
bijakaʀu (accusative plural)
bijakaʀas (genitive singular)
bijakaʀō (genitive plural)
bijakaʀē (dative singular)
bijakaʀum (dative plural)
bijakaʀu (instrumental singular)
bijakaʀum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *bēocær, *bīocær

q

>? Middle English: biker (alternatively, perhaps formed anew from Old Norse bý + ker)

Old Saxon: bīkar

Middle Low German: bîkar

Old Dutch: *bīkar

Middle Dutch: *bikar

Dutch: biekarre (archaic)

Old High German: bīkar, pīchar

Middle High German: bīkar

Alemannic German: Bīcher

Bavarian: Beikar

German: Beiekar (Rhenish)


bijakaʀjō

bijakaʀjō (nominative singular)
bijakaʀjan (nominative plural)
bijakaʀjan (accusative singular)
bijakaʀjan (accusative plural)
bijakaʀjini (genitive singular)
bijakaʀjan (genitive singular)
bijakaʀjanō (genitive plural)
bijakaʀjini (dative singular)
bijakaʀjan (dative singular)
bijakaʀjum (dative plural)
bijakaʀjini (instrumental singular)
bijakaʀjan (instrumental singular)
bijakaʀjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bēocere

Old Saxon: *bīkerio

Middle Low German: *bîkere, *bîker

German Low German: Bieker

Dutch Low Saxon: bijker

→ West Frisian: bijker, byker

Old Dutch: *bīkero

Middle Dutch: *bîkere, *bîker

Dutch: bijker (dialectal, possibly borrowed from Low German)

desc

→ Medieval Latin: bigarus, bigrus (noun) (possibly borrowed from Old English)

⇒ Medieval Latin: bigarius (adjective)

⇒ Old French: bigre

Middle French: bigre

French: bigre

From *bijakaʀ (“beehive”) + *-jō, or *bijā (“bee”) + *kaʀjō (“vessel-maker, potter”).


kaʀjō

kaʀjō (nominative singular)
kaʀjan (nominative plural)
kaʀjan (accusative singular)
kaʀjan (accusative plural)
kaʀjini (genitive singular)
kaʀjan (genitive singular)
kaʀjanō (genitive plural)
kaʀjini (dative singular)
kaʀjan (dative singular)
kaʀjum (dative plural)
kaʀjini (instrumental singular)
kaʀjan (instrumental singular)
kaʀjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *cere

From Proto-Germanic *kazjô. Equivalent to *kaʀ (“vessel”) + *-jō. Cognate with Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐍃𐌾𐌰 (kasja, “potter”).


kaʀ

kaʀ (nominative singular)
kaʀu (nominative plural)
kaʀ (accusative singular)
kaʀu (accusative plural)
kaʀas (genitive singular)
kaʀō (genitive plural)
kaʀē (dative singular)
kaʀum (dative plural)
kaʀu (instrumental singular)
kaʀum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *cær

⇒? Old English: *buncær (first element uncertain)

Early Scots: bonker, bunkur, bunker (possibly)

Scots: bunker

→ English: bunker

Old Saxon: *kar

Middle Low German: kar, kare

Old Dutch: *kar

Middle Dutch: car, care, caer

Dutch: kaar

Old High German: kar

Middle High German: kar

German: Kar (see there for further descendants)


Austrā

desctree

Old English: ēastre
Middle English: Eestour, Ester, Yestre
English: Easter
→ Chickasaw: Iista'
Scots: Easter

desc

Old English: Ēastre, Ēostre (“goddess of spring and fertility”)

→ English: Eostre

Old Frisian: āsteron

Old Saxon: *ōstara, *ōstarūn

Middle Low German: ôsteren, ôstern

German Low German: Oostern

Plautdietsch: Oostren

Old High German: ōstra, ōstrūn, ōstarūn

Middle High German: ōstre, ōstere, ōster

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: Oastarn

Mòcheno: Oastern

German: Ostern

Hunsrik: Oostre

Luxembourgish: Ouschteren

East Central German: Ustern

Easter, festival celebrated at the spring equinox


Audawini

desctree

Old English: Ēadwine
English: Edwin (see there for further descendants)

Old High German: Audowin, *Ōtwini

Middle High German:

German: Otwin


Folkwini

Old English: Folcwine

Old High German: *Folkwini

Middle High German: *Volkewîn

German: Folkwin, Volkwin

Old Dutch: *Folkwin, *Folcwin

Frankish: *Folkwin

French: Folquin

Latin: Folquinus

Latin: Folcvinus


andkunþīg

andkunþīg (masculine nominative singular)
andkunþīgu (feminine nominative singular)
andkunþīg (neuter nominative singular)
andkunþīganā (accusative masculine singular)
andkunþīgā (accusative feminine singular)
andkunþīg (accusative neuter singular)
andkunþīgas (genitive masculine singular)
andkunþīgeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
andkunþīgas (genitive neuter singular)
andkunþīgumē (dative masculine singular)
andkunþīgeʀē (dative feminine singular)
andkunþīgumē (dative neuter singular)
andkunþīgu (instrumental masculine singular)
andkunþīgeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
andkunþīgu (instrumental neuter singular)
andkunþīgē (masculine nominative plural)
andkunþīgō (feminine nominative plural)
andkunþīgu (neuter nominative plural)
andkunþīgā (accusative masculine plural)
andkunþīgā (accusative feminine plural)
andkunþīgu (accusative neuter plural)
andkunþīgeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
andkunþīgeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
andkunþīgeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
andkunþīgēm (dative masculine plural)
andkunþīgum (dative masculine plural)
andkunþīgēm (dative feminine plural)
andkunþīgum (dative feminine plural)
andkunþīgēm (dative neuter plural)
andkunþīgum (dative neuter plural)
andkunþīgēm (instrumental masculine plural)
andkunþīgum (instrumental masculine plural)
andkunþīgēm (feminine instrumental plural)
andkunþīgum (feminine instrumental plural)
andkunþīgēm (instrumental neuter plural)
andkunþīgum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: oncȳþiġ

Old Dutch: *antkundīg

Middle Dutch: ontcondich

Old High German: antkundīg

conscious; having knowledge or understanding of; familiar, acquainted, or experienced with


Hlūdhari

Hlūdhari (nominative singular)
Hlūdhari (accusative singular)
Hlūdharjā (accusative plural)
Hlūdharjō (genitive plural)
Hlūdharjē (dative singular)
Hlūdharju (instrumental singular)

Old English: Hloþhere, *Hloþere

Old High German: Lothari

German: Lothar

Frankish: *Hlodhari

French: Lothaire

→ English: Lothair

→ Latin: Chlothārius

→ French: Clotaire

→ English: Chlothar, Clothar


kunþīg

kunþīg (masculine nominative singular)
kunþīgu (feminine nominative singular)
kunþīg (neuter nominative singular)
kunþīganā (accusative masculine singular)
kunþīgā (accusative feminine singular)
kunþīg (accusative neuter singular)
kunþīgas (genitive masculine singular)
kunþīgeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
kunþīgas (genitive neuter singular)
kunþīgumē (dative masculine singular)
kunþīgeʀē (dative feminine singular)
kunþīgumē (dative neuter singular)
kunþīgu (instrumental masculine singular)
kunþīgeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
kunþīgu (instrumental neuter singular)
kunþīgē (masculine nominative plural)
kunþīgō (feminine nominative plural)
kunþīgu (neuter nominative plural)
kunþīgā (accusative masculine plural)
kunþīgā (accusative feminine plural)
kunþīgu (accusative neuter plural)
kunþīgeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
kunþīgeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
kunþīgeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
kunþīgēm (dative masculine plural)
kunþīgum (dative masculine plural)
kunþīgēm (dative feminine plural)
kunþīgum (dative feminine plural)
kunþīgēm (dative neuter plural)
kunþīgum (dative neuter plural)
kunþīgēm (instrumental masculine plural)
kunþīgum (instrumental masculine plural)
kunþīgēm (feminine instrumental plural)
kunþīgum (feminine instrumental plural)
kunþīgēm (instrumental neuter plural)
kunþīgum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: cȳþiġ

Middle English: cūðī, kuði, cūþþi

>? Middle English: kithe, kythe

Old Frisian: kethich, kettich

Old Saxon: *kūthīg, *kundīg

Middle Low German: kundich, kündich

German Low German: künnig

→? Old Frisian: kundich

Saterland Frisian: kundig, kundich

West Frisian: kundich

Old Dutch: *kundīg

Middle Dutch: cundeg, condegh, condich

Dutch: kundig

Afrikaans: kundig

Old High German: kundīg

desc

Middle High German: kundic, kündig, kündic, kündec

German: kundig

From Proto-Germanic *kunþīgaz, equivalent to *kunþī (“knowledge, fame”) + *-g.


unkunþīg

unkunþīg (masculine nominative singular)
unkunþīgu (feminine nominative singular)
unkunþīg (neuter nominative singular)
unkunþīganā (accusative masculine singular)
unkunþīgā (accusative feminine singular)
unkunþīg (accusative neuter singular)
unkunþīgas (genitive masculine singular)
unkunþīgeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
unkunþīgas (genitive neuter singular)
unkunþīgumē (dative masculine singular)
unkunþīgeʀē (dative feminine singular)
unkunþīgumē (dative neuter singular)
unkunþīgu (instrumental masculine singular)
unkunþīgeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
unkunþīgu (instrumental neuter singular)
unkunþīgē (masculine nominative plural)
unkunþīgō (feminine nominative plural)
unkunþīgu (neuter nominative plural)
unkunþīgā (accusative masculine plural)
unkunþīgā (accusative feminine plural)
unkunþīgu (accusative neuter plural)
unkunþīgeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
unkunþīgeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
unkunþīgeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
unkunþīgēm (dative masculine plural)
unkunþīgum (dative masculine plural)
unkunþīgēm (dative feminine plural)
unkunþīgum (dative feminine plural)
unkunþīgēm (dative neuter plural)
unkunþīgum (dative neuter plural)
unkunþīgēm (instrumental masculine plural)
unkunþīgum (instrumental masculine plural)
unkunþīgēm (feminine instrumental plural)
unkunþīgum (feminine instrumental plural)
unkunþīgēm (instrumental neuter plural)
unkunþīgum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: uncȳþiġ

>? Middle English: unkithe, unkythe

Old Frisian: *unkethich, *unkettich

Old Saxon: *unkūthīg, *unkundīg

Middle Low German: unkundich, unkündich

German Low German: unkünnig

→ Old Frisian: *unkundich

Saterland Frisian: uunkundig, uunkundich

West Frisian: ûnkundich

Old Dutch: *uncundig

Middle Dutch: oncondich

Dutch: onkundig

Old High German: unkundīg

Middle High German: unkundic, unkundec, unkündic, unkündec

German: unkundig

From Proto-Germanic *unkunþīgaz, equivalent to *un- + *kunþīg.


plantōn

plantōn (infinitive)
plantōnijas (genitive infinitive)
plantōnijē (dative infinitive)
plantōniju (infinitive instrumental)
plantō (first-person present singular)
plantōdā (first-person past singular)
plantōs (present second-person singular)
plantōdēs (past second-person singular)
plantōdōs (past second-person singular)
plantōþ (present singular third-person)
plantōdē (past singular third-person)
plantōdā (past singular third-person)
plantōm (first-person plural present)
plantōdum (first-person past plural)
plantōþ (plural present second-person)
plantōdud (past plural second-person)
plantōnþ (plural present third-person)
plantōdun (past plural third-person)
plantōdī (first-person past singular)
plantōdī (past second-person singular)
plantō (present singular third-person)
plantōdī (past singular third-person)
plantōdīm (first-person past plural)
plantōdīd (past plural second-person)
plantōn (plural present third-person)
plantōdīn (past plural third-person)
plantō (present singular)
plantōþ (plural present)
plantōndī (participle present)
plantōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: plantian
Middle English: plantien, planten, plaunten
Scots: plant
English: plant

Old Frisian: plantia

West Frisian: plantsje

Old Saxon: *planton

Middle Low German: planten

→ Old Norse: planta

Icelandic: planta

Faroese: planta

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: plante

Norwegian Nynorsk: plante, planta

Swedish: planta

Danish: plante

Old Dutch: planton
Middle Dutch: planten
Dutch: planten
Limburgish: plantje

Old High German: pflanzōn

Middle High German: pflanzen

German: pflanzen


gelpōn

gelpōn (infinitive)
gelpōnijas (genitive infinitive)
gelpōnijē (dative infinitive)
gelpōniju (infinitive instrumental)
gelpō (first-person present singular)
gelpōdā (first-person past singular)
gelpōs (present second-person singular)
gelpōdēs (past second-person singular)
gelpōdōs (past second-person singular)
gelpōþ (present singular third-person)
gelpōdē (past singular third-person)
gelpōdā (past singular third-person)
gelpōm (first-person plural present)
gelpōdum (first-person past plural)
gelpōþ (plural present second-person)
gelpōdud (past plural second-person)
gelpōnþ (plural present third-person)
gelpōdun (past plural third-person)
gelpōdī (first-person past singular)
gelpōdī (past second-person singular)
gelpō (present singular third-person)
gelpōdī (past singular third-person)
gelpōdīm (first-person past plural)
gelpōdīd (past plural second-person)
gelpōn (plural present third-person)
gelpōdīn (past plural third-person)
gelpō (present singular)
gelpōþ (plural present)
gelpōndī (participle present)
gelpōd (participle past)

Old High German: gelpfōn

→? Middle Low German: gelven

From Proto-Germanic *gelpōną, from *gelpą (“boast, claim”).


galpōn

galpōn (infinitive)
galpōnijas (genitive infinitive)
galpōnijē (dative infinitive)
galpōniju (infinitive instrumental)
galpō (first-person present singular)
galpōdā (first-person past singular)
galpōs (present second-person singular)
galpōdēs (past second-person singular)
galpōdōs (past second-person singular)
galpōþ (present singular third-person)
galpōdē (past singular third-person)
galpōdā (past singular third-person)
galpōm (first-person plural present)
galpōdum (first-person past plural)
galpōþ (plural present second-person)
galpōdud (past plural second-person)
galpōnþ (plural present third-person)
galpōdun (past plural third-person)
galpōdī (first-person past singular)
galpōdī (past second-person singular)
galpō (present singular third-person)
galpōdī (past singular third-person)
galpōdīm (first-person past plural)
galpōdīd (past plural second-person)
galpōn (plural present third-person)
galpōdīn (past plural third-person)
galpō (present singular)
galpōþ (plural present)
galpōndī (participle present)
galpōd (participle past)

Old English: *galpian, *gealpian

Middle English: galpen

English: galp, gaup

Scots: gaup

⇒ Old English: galpettan

Old Frisian: *galpia

Saterland Frisian: galpje

West Frisian: gjalpje, gjealpje, gjalpe

Old Saxon: galpōn

Middle Low German: galpen

German Low German: galpen

Old Dutch: *galpon

Middle Dutch: galpen

Dutch: galpen

Old High German: *galpfōn

Middle High German: galpen (possibly borrowed from Low German)

German: galpen

→ Vulgar Latin: *galpāre

Old Occitan: jaupar, japar

→ Old French: japer

Middle French: japper

French: japper

→? Middle English: japen

English: jape

Scots: jap

From Proto-Germanic *galpōną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰel- (“to call, shout, scream, chant”).


ordinōn

ordinōn (infinitive)
ordinōnijas (genitive infinitive)
ordinōnijē (dative infinitive)
ordinōniju (infinitive instrumental)
ordinō (first-person present singular)
ordinōdā (first-person past singular)
ordinōs (present second-person singular)
ordinōdēs (past second-person singular)
ordinōdōs (past second-person singular)
ordinōþ (present singular third-person)
ordinōdē (past singular third-person)
ordinōdā (past singular third-person)
ordinōm (first-person plural present)
ordinōdum (first-person past plural)
ordinōþ (plural present second-person)
ordinōdud (past plural second-person)
ordinōnþ (plural present third-person)
ordinōdun (past plural third-person)
ordinōdī (first-person past singular)
ordinōdī (past second-person singular)
ordinō (present singular third-person)
ordinōdī (past singular third-person)
ordinōdīm (first-person past plural)
ordinōdīd (past plural second-person)
ordinōn (plural present third-person)
ordinōdīn (past plural third-person)
ordinō (present singular)
ordinōþ (plural present)
ordinōndī (participle present)
ordinōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *orthenon

Middle Low German: ōrdenen, ōrden

→ Danish: ordne

→ Norwegian: ordne

→ Swedish: ordna

⇒ Old Saxon: giorthenet

Old Dutch: *ordinon

Middle Dutch: ordenen

Dutch: ordenen
Afrikaans: orden

Old High German: ordinōn

Middle High German: ordenen

German: ordnen

Borrowed from Latin ōrdinō (“to put in order”).


ebnanaht

ebnanaht (nominative singular)
ebnanahti (nominative plural)
ebnanahtu (accusative singular)
ebnanahti (accusative plural)
ebnanahti (genitive singular)
ebnanahtō (genitive plural)
ebnanahti (dative singular)
ebnanahtum (dative plural)
ebnanahti (instrumental singular)
ebnanahtum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: efnniht, efenniht, emnniht, emniht
Middle English: *even-night
English: evennight

Old Frisian: evennacht, ivinnacht

Old Saxon: *evannaht

Middle Low German: ēvennachtich

Old High German: *ebannaht

Middle High German: ëbennaht

German: Ebennacht

→ Slovene: ebehtnik

desc

→? Old Norse: jafnnætti (“equinox”) (calque)

From *ebn (“even”) + *naht (“night”), calque of Latin aequinoctium. Compare also Dutch nachtevening (“equinox”).


klīstr

klīstr (nominative singular)
klīstrō (nominative plural)
klīstrōs (nominative plural)
klīstr (accusative singular)
klīstrā (accusative plural)
klīstras (genitive singular)
klīstrō (genitive plural)
klīstrē (dative singular)
klīstrum (dative plural)
klīstru (instrumental singular)
klīstrum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *klīstar

Middle Low German: klîster

German Low German: Kliester

→ Saterland Frisian: Klíester

→ Danish: klister n or c

Norwegian Bokmål: klister n

→ Old Swedish: klisther

Swedish: klister n

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: klister n

Old Dutch: *clīstar

Middle Dutch: clister, cliester, clyster

Dutch: klister, klijster

→ Scots: cleester, kleester, cleister, claister, klyster, clystre, klister, klester

Old High German: *klīstar

Middle High German: klīster

German: Kleister

→ Russian: клейстер (klejster)

From Proto-Germanic *klīstrą, from Proto-Indo-European *gley- (“glue”).


akkjal

akkjal (nominative singular)
akkjalō (nominative plural)
akkjalōs (nominative plural)
akkjal (accusative singular)
akkjalā (accusative plural)
akkjalas (genitive singular)
akkjalō (genitive plural)
akkjalē (dative singular)
akkjalum (dative plural)
akkjalu (instrumental singular)
akkjalum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old High German: ehhol, ecchel, ecchil, ecchol, ekol, ekil
Middle High German: eckel, ekkel (Bavarian)
Bavarian: Eckel (obsolete)
Cimbrian: ékkel
→? Czech: jäkl, jekl (probably instead from the surname Jäkl)
→ Slovene: jeklo


molkōn

molkōn (infinitive)
molkōnijas (genitive infinitive)
molkōnijē (dative infinitive)
molkōniju (infinitive instrumental)
molkō (first-person present singular)
molkōdā (first-person past singular)
molkōs (present second-person singular)
molkōdēs (past second-person singular)
molkōdōs (past second-person singular)
molkōþ (present singular third-person)
molkōdē (past singular third-person)
molkōdā (past singular third-person)
molkōm (first-person plural present)
molkōdum (first-person past plural)
molkōþ (plural present second-person)
molkōdud (past plural second-person)
molkōnþ (plural present third-person)
molkōdun (past plural third-person)
molkōdī (first-person past singular)
molkōdī (past second-person singular)
molkō (present singular third-person)
molkōdī (past singular third-person)
molkōdīm (first-person past plural)
molkōdīd (past plural second-person)
molkōn (plural present third-person)
molkōdīn (past plural third-person)
molkō (present singular)
molkōþ (plural present)
molkōndī (participle present)
molkōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: molkia


uʀsorg(ī)

uʀsorg (canonical)
ī (romanization)
uʀsorg (masculine nominative singular)
uʀsorgu (feminine nominative singular)
uʀsorg (neuter nominative singular)
uʀsorganā (accusative masculine singular)
uʀsorgā (accusative feminine singular)
uʀsorg (accusative neuter singular)
uʀsorgas (genitive masculine singular)
uʀsorgeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
uʀsorgas (genitive neuter singular)
uʀsorgumē (dative masculine singular)
uʀsorgeʀē (dative feminine singular)
uʀsorgumē (dative neuter singular)
uʀsorgu (instrumental masculine singular)
uʀsorgeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
uʀsorgu (instrumental neuter singular)
uʀsorgē (masculine nominative plural)
uʀsorgō (feminine nominative plural)
uʀsorgu (neuter nominative plural)
uʀsorgā (accusative masculine plural)
uʀsorgā (accusative feminine plural)
uʀsorgu (accusative neuter plural)
uʀsorgeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
uʀsorgeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
uʀsorgeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
uʀsorgēm (dative masculine plural)
uʀsorgum (dative masculine plural)
uʀsorgēm (dative feminine plural)
uʀsorgum (dative feminine plural)
uʀsorgēm (dative neuter plural)
uʀsorgum (dative neuter plural)
uʀsorgēm (instrumental masculine plural)
uʀsorgum (instrumental masculine plural)
uʀsorgēm (feminine instrumental plural)
uʀsorgum (feminine instrumental plural)
uʀsorgēm (instrumental neuter plural)
uʀsorgum (instrumental neuter plural)
uʀsurgī (masculine nominative singular)
uʀsurgiju (feminine nominative singular)
uʀsurgī (neuter nominative singular)
uʀsurgijanā (accusative masculine singular)
uʀsurgijā (accusative feminine singular)
uʀsurgī (accusative neuter singular)
uʀsurgijas (genitive masculine singular)
uʀsurgijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
uʀsurgijas (genitive neuter singular)
uʀsurgijumē (dative masculine singular)
uʀsurgijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
uʀsurgijumē (dative neuter singular)
uʀsurgiju (instrumental masculine singular)
uʀsurgijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
uʀsurgiju (instrumental neuter singular)
uʀsurgijē (masculine nominative plural)
uʀsurgijō (feminine nominative plural)
uʀsurgiju (neuter nominative plural)
uʀsurgijā (accusative masculine plural)
uʀsurgijā (accusative feminine plural)
uʀsurgiju (accusative neuter plural)
uʀsurgijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
uʀsurgijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
uʀsurgijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
uʀsurgijēm (dative masculine plural)
uʀsurgijum (dative masculine plural)
uʀsurgijēm (dative feminine plural)
uʀsurgijum (dative feminine plural)
uʀsurgijēm (dative neuter plural)
uʀsurgijum (dative neuter plural)
uʀsurgijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
uʀsurgijum (instrumental masculine plural)
uʀsurgijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
uʀsurgijum (feminine instrumental plural)
uʀsurgijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
uʀsurgijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: orsorg, orsorh

Middle English: orseoruh

desc

Old High German: ursworg, ursworgi, ursorg, ursurgi

Middle High German: ursorge

⇒ Middle High German: ursorge f (noun)

German: Ursorge

From Proto-Germanic *uzsurg(ij)az, *uzswurg(ij)az, equivalent to *uʀ- + *sorg.


solā

solā (nominative singular)
solōn (nominative plural)
solōn (accusative singular)
solōn (accusative plural)
solōn (genitive singular)
solōnō (genitive plural)
solōn (dative singular)
solōm (dative plural)
solum (dative plural)
solōn (instrumental singular)
solōm (instrumental plural)
solum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: sole, solu
Middle English: sole, soole
English: sole
Scots: sole

Old Frisian: *sole

West Frisian: soal

Old Saxon: sola

Middle Low German: sōle, solle

→ Old Norse: sóli

Old Dutch: *sola

Middle Dutch: sole

Dutch: zool
Afrikaans: sool
→ Indonesian: sol

Old High German: sola
Middle High German: sole, sol
German: Sohle

Borrowed from Medieval Latin sola, from Latin solea. Parallel borrowing with Gothic 𐍃𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰 (sulja).


dreuʀagōn

dreuʀagōn (infinitive)
dreuʀagōnijas (genitive infinitive)
dreuʀagōnijē (dative infinitive)
dreuʀagōniju (infinitive instrumental)
dreuʀagō (first-person present singular)
dreuʀagōdā (first-person past singular)
dreuʀagōs (present second-person singular)
dreuʀagōdēs (past second-person singular)
dreuʀagōdōs (past second-person singular)
dreuʀagōþ (present singular third-person)
dreuʀagōdē (past singular third-person)
dreuʀagōdā (past singular third-person)
dreuʀagōm (first-person plural present)
dreuʀagōdum (first-person past plural)
dreuʀagōþ (plural present second-person)
dreuʀagōdud (past plural second-person)
dreuʀagōnþ (plural present third-person)
dreuʀagōdun (past plural third-person)
dreuʀagōdī (first-person past singular)
dreuʀagōdī (past second-person singular)
dreuʀagō (present singular third-person)
dreuʀagōdī (past singular third-person)
dreuʀagōdīm (first-person past plural)
dreuʀagōdīd (past plural second-person)
dreuʀagōn (plural present third-person)
dreuʀagōdīn (past plural third-person)
dreuʀagō (present singular)
dreuʀagōþ (plural present)
dreuʀagōndī (participle present)
dreuʀagōd (participle past)

Old English: drēoriġian, drēorġian

Old High German: trūrigōn

Middle High German: trūrigen


pīlārī

pīlārī (nominative singular)
pīlārijō (nominative plural)
pīlārijōs (nominative plural)
pīlārī (accusative singular)
pīlārijā (accusative plural)
pīlārijas (genitive singular)
pīlārijō (genitive plural)
pīlārijē (dative singular)
pīlārijum (dative plural)
pīlāriju (instrumental singular)
pīlārijum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: pīler

West Frisian: pylder

Old Saxon: pīliri

desc

Middle Low German: pīlere, pīler, piiler, pyler, pīleree, pīlre, pilar, pīlāre

→ Old Norse: pilarr

Old Dutch: *pīlari

Middle Dutch: pijler, pijlre

Dutch: pijler

desctree

Old High German: pfīlāri
Middle High German: pfīlære, pfīler
German: Pfeiler

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin *pīlāre (whence Old French piler, pilier), from Latin pīla (“pillar”).


narrō

narrō (nominative singular)
narran (nominative plural)
narran (accusative singular)
narran (accusative plural)
narrini (genitive singular)
narran (genitive singular)
narranō (genitive plural)
narrini (dative singular)
narran (dative singular)
narrum (dative plural)
narrini (instrumental singular)
narran (instrumental singular)
narrum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *narra

Saterland Frisian: Naar

West Frisian: narre

Old Saxon: *narro

Middle Low German: narre, nar

German Low German: Narr

→ Danish: nar

→ Icelandic: narr, narri

→ Norwegian: narr

→ Swedish: narr (see there for further descendants)

Old Dutch: *narro

Middle Dutch: narre

Dutch: nar
Afrikaans: nar

Old High German: narro
Middle High German: narre
Alemannic German: Narr
Bavarian: Noar (see there for further descendants)
German: Narr (see there for further descendants)
Pennsylvania German: Narr
Yiddish: נאַר (nar)

Unknown; possibly related to Middle High German narren (“to snarl”), English snarl (“to snar”), German schnarren (“to snarl”), all from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ner-. Alternatively, suggested to be borrowed from Vulgar Latin *naricāre (“to taunt”) + *-ō (agent noun suffix), whence French narguer (“to taunt”), perhaps with the orignal meaning “to wrinkle up one's nose”, from Latin nāris (“nose”).

af

Narrheit

Middle High German: narrecheit, narricheit, narrekeit


ōbinōn

ōbinōn (infinitive)
ōbinōnijas (genitive infinitive)
ōbinōnijē (dative infinitive)
ōbinōniju (infinitive instrumental)
ōbinō (first-person present singular)
ōbinōdā (first-person past singular)
ōbinōs (present second-person singular)
ōbinōdēs (past second-person singular)
ōbinōdōs (past second-person singular)
ōbinōþ (present singular third-person)
ōbinōdē (past singular third-person)
ōbinōdā (past singular third-person)
ōbinōm (first-person plural present)
ōbinōdum (first-person past plural)
ōbinōþ (plural present second-person)
ōbinōdud (past plural second-person)
ōbinōnþ (plural present third-person)
ōbinōdun (past plural third-person)
ōbinōdī (first-person past singular)
ōbinōdī (past second-person singular)
ōbinō (present singular third-person)
ōbinōdī (past singular third-person)
ōbinōdīm (first-person past plural)
ōbinōdīd (past plural second-person)
ōbinōn (plural present third-person)
ōbinōdīn (past plural third-person)
ōbinō (present singular)
ōbinōþ (plural present)
ōbinōndī (participle present)
ōbinōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: ōvenia, ōvonia, ōfnia

West Frisian: oefenje

Old Saxon: *ōvinōn

Middle Low German: ȫfenen, ȫfnen, ōfnen

Old Dutch: *uofenon

Middle Dutch: oefenen

Dutch: oefenen

From *ōbijan (“to perform, practice”) + *-inōn.


slahtōn

slahtōn (infinitive)
slahtōnijas (genitive infinitive)
slahtōnijē (dative infinitive)
slahtōniju (infinitive instrumental)
slahtō (first-person present singular)
slahtōdā (first-person past singular)
slahtōs (present second-person singular)
slahtōdēs (past second-person singular)
slahtōdōs (past second-person singular)
slahtōþ (present singular third-person)
slahtōdē (past singular third-person)
slahtōdā (past singular third-person)
slahtōm (first-person plural present)
slahtōdum (first-person past plural)
slahtōþ (plural present second-person)
slahtōdud (past plural second-person)
slahtōnþ (plural present third-person)
slahtōdun (past plural third-person)
slahtōdī (first-person past singular)
slahtōdī (past second-person singular)
slahtō (present singular third-person)
slahtōdī (past singular third-person)
slahtōdīm (first-person past plural)
slahtōdīd (past plural second-person)
slahtōn (plural present third-person)
slahtōdīn (past plural third-person)
slahtō (present singular)
slahtōþ (plural present)
slahtōndī (participle present)
slahtōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: *slahtia

desc

West Frisian: slachtsje, slachtje, slachje, slachte

Old Saxon: *slahtōn

Middle Low German: slachten

Old Dutch: *slahton

Middle Dutch: slachten

Dutch: slachten

Old High German: slahtōn

Middle High German: slachten

German: schlachten

From *slahtu (“striking, killing”) + *-ōn.


aggjōn

aggjōn (infinitive)
aggjōnijas (genitive infinitive)
aggjōnijē (dative infinitive)
aggjōniju (infinitive instrumental)
aggjō (first-person present singular)
aggjōdā (first-person past singular)
aggjōs (present second-person singular)
aggjōdēs (past second-person singular)
aggjōdōs (past second-person singular)
aggjōþ (present singular third-person)
aggjōdē (past singular third-person)
aggjōdā (past singular third-person)
aggjōm (first-person plural present)
aggjōdum (first-person past plural)
aggjōþ (plural present second-person)
aggjōdud (past plural second-person)
aggjōnþ (plural present third-person)
aggjōdun (past plural third-person)
aggjōdī (first-person past singular)
aggjōdī (past second-person singular)
aggjō (present singular third-person)
aggjōdī (past singular third-person)
aggjōdīm (first-person past plural)
aggjōdīd (past plural second-person)
aggjōn (plural present third-person)
aggjōdīn (past plural third-person)
aggjō (present singular)
aggjōþ (plural present)
aggjōndī (participle present)
aggjōd (participle past)

Old English: eggian

q

Middle English: eggen (Likely merged with the descendant of *aggjan)

English: edge

Old Frisian: eggia

Old Dutch: *eggon (and / or from *aggjan)

Middle Dutch: eggen

Dutch: eggen

From Proto-Germanic *agjōną. Equivalent to *aggju + *-ōn.


ubarsittjan

ubarsittjan (infinitive)
ubarsittjannjas (genitive infinitive)
ubarsittjannjē (dative infinitive)
ubarsittjannju (infinitive instrumental)
ubarsittju (first-person present singular)
ubarsat (first-person past singular)
ubarsitiʀi (present second-person singular)
ubarsātī (past second-person singular)
ubarsitidi (present singular third-person)
ubarsat (past singular third-person)
ubarsittjum (first-person plural present)
ubarsātum (first-person past plural)
ubarsitid (plural present second-person)
ubarsātud (past plural second-person)
ubarsittjand (plural present third-person)
ubarsātun (past plural third-person)
ubarsittjē (first-person present singular)
ubarsātī (first-person past singular)
ubarsittjēs (present second-person singular)
ubarsittjē (present singular third-person)
ubarsātī (past singular third-person)
ubarsittjēm (first-person plural present)
ubarsātīm (first-person past plural)
ubarsittjēþ (plural present second-person)
ubarsātīd (past plural second-person)
ubarsittjēn (plural present third-person)
ubarsātīn (past plural third-person)
ubarsiti (present singular)
ubarsitid (plural present)
ubarsittjandī (participle present)
ubarsetan (participle past)

desctree

Old English: ofersittan
Middle English: oversitten
English: oversit

Old Saxon: *ovarsittian

desc

Middle Low German: ōversitten, ȫversitten

→ Danish: oversidde

Old Dutch: *ovarsitten

Middle Dutch: oversitten

Dutch: overzitten

Old High German: *ubarsizzen

Middle High German: übersitzen

German: übersitzen


gafōrsamōn

gafōrsamōn (infinitive)
gafōrsamōnijas (genitive infinitive)
gafōrsamōnijē (dative infinitive)
gafōrsamōniju (infinitive instrumental)
gafōrsamō (first-person present singular)
gafōrsamōdā (first-person past singular)
gafōrsamōs (present second-person singular)
gafōrsamōdēs (past second-person singular)
gafōrsamōdōs (past second-person singular)
gafōrsamōþ (present singular third-person)
gafōrsamōdē (past singular third-person)
gafōrsamōdā (past singular third-person)
gafōrsamōm (first-person plural present)
gafōrsamōdum (first-person past plural)
gafōrsamōþ (plural present second-person)
gafōrsamōdud (past plural second-person)
gafōrsamōnþ (plural present third-person)
gafōrsamōdun (past plural third-person)
gafōrsamōdī (first-person past singular)
gafōrsamōdī (past second-person singular)
gafōrsamō (present singular third-person)
gafōrsamōdī (past singular third-person)
gafōrsamōdīm (first-person past plural)
gafōrsamōdīd (past plural second-person)
gafōrsamōn (plural present third-person)
gafōrsamōdīn (past plural third-person)
gafōrsamō (present singular)
gafōrsamōþ (plural present)
gafōrsamōndī (participle present)
gafōrsamōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: gifōrsamōn

Old High German: gifuorsamōn

From *gafōrsam (“suitable, fitting, helpful”) + *-ōn.


strūkōn

strūkōn (infinitive)
strūkōnijas (genitive infinitive)
strūkōnijē (dative infinitive)
strūkōniju (infinitive instrumental)
strūkō (first-person present singular)
strūkōdā (first-person past singular)
strūkōs (present second-person singular)
strūkōdēs (past second-person singular)
strūkōdōs (past second-person singular)
strūkōþ (present singular third-person)
strūkōdē (past singular third-person)
strūkōdā (past singular third-person)
strūkōm (first-person plural present)
strūkōdum (first-person past plural)
strūkōþ (plural present second-person)
strūkōdud (past plural second-person)
strūkōnþ (plural present third-person)
strūkōdun (past plural third-person)
strūkōdī (first-person past singular)
strūkōdī (past second-person singular)
strūkō (present singular third-person)
strūkōdī (past singular third-person)
strūkōdīm (first-person past plural)
strūkōdīd (past plural second-person)
strūkōn (plural present third-person)
strūkōdīn (past plural third-person)
strūkō (present singular)
strūkōþ (plural present)
strūkōndī (participle present)
strūkōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *strūkōn

Middle Low German: strūken

Old Dutch: *strūkon

Middle Dutch: *struken

Dutch: struiken (obsolete)

Old High German: strūhhōn

Middle High German: strūchen

German: strauchen (obsolete)


ubarsattjan

ubarsattjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
ubarsattjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
ubarsattjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
ubarsattjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
ubarsattju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
ubarsattā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
ubarsatisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
ubarsattēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
ubarsattōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
ubarsatiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
ubarsattē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
ubarsattā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
ubarsattjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
ubarsattum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
ubarsatiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
ubarsattud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
ubarsattjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
ubarsattun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
ubarsattjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
ubarsattī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
ubarsattjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
ubarsattī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
ubarsattjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
ubarsattī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
ubarsattjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
ubarsattīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
ubarsattjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
ubarsattīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
ubarsattjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
ubarsattīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
ubarsati (class-1 present singular weak)
ubarsatiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
ubarsattjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
ubarsatt (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: ofersettan
Middle English: oversetten
English: overset
Scots: overset

Old Frisian: oversetta

Saterland Frisian: uursätte, úursätte

West Frisian: oersette

Old Saxon: *ovarsettian

desc

Middle Low German: ōversetten, ȫversetten

German Low German: oversetten, översetten

→ Danish: oversætte

→ Swedish: översätta

→ Norwegian: oversette

Old Dutch: *ovarsetten

Middle Dutch: oversetten

Dutch: overzetten

Old High German: ubarsezzen

Middle High German: übersetzen

German: übersetzen

Causative of *ubarsittjan, equivalent to *ubar- + *sattjan.


rehtōn

rehtōn (infinitive)
rehtōnijas (genitive infinitive)
rehtōnijē (dative infinitive)
rehtōniju (infinitive instrumental)
rehtō (first-person present singular)
rehtōdā (first-person past singular)
rehtōs (present second-person singular)
rehtōdēs (past second-person singular)
rehtōdōs (past second-person singular)
rehtōþ (present singular third-person)
rehtōdē (past singular third-person)
rehtōdā (past singular third-person)
rehtōm (first-person plural present)
rehtōdum (first-person past plural)
rehtōþ (plural present second-person)
rehtōdud (past plural second-person)
rehtōnþ (plural present third-person)
rehtōdun (past plural third-person)
rehtōdī (first-person past singular)
rehtōdī (past second-person singular)
rehtō (present singular third-person)
rehtōdī (past singular third-person)
rehtōdīm (first-person past plural)
rehtōdīd (past plural second-person)
rehtōn (plural present third-person)
rehtōdīn (past plural third-person)
rehtō (present singular)
rehtōþ (plural present)
rehtōndī (participle present)
rehtōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: *riochtia, *riuchtia

West Frisian: rjochtsje, rjuchtsje

Old Saxon: *rehtōn

Middle Low German: rechten

Old Dutch: *rehton

Middle Dutch: rechten

Dutch: rechten

Old High German: rehtōn

Middle High German: rechten

German: rechten


ganāþīgōn

ganāþīgōn (infinitive)
ganāþīgōnijas (genitive infinitive)
ganāþīgōnijē (dative infinitive)
ganāþīgōniju (infinitive instrumental)
ganāþīgō (first-person present singular)
ganāþīgōdā (first-person past singular)
ganāþīgōs (present second-person singular)
ganāþīgōdēs (past second-person singular)
ganāþīgōdōs (past second-person singular)
ganāþīgōþ (present singular third-person)
ganāþīgōdē (past singular third-person)
ganāþīgōdā (past singular third-person)
ganāþīgōm (first-person plural present)
ganāþīgōdum (first-person past plural)
ganāþīgōþ (plural present second-person)
ganāþīgōdud (past plural second-person)
ganāþīgōnþ (plural present third-person)
ganāþīgōdun (past plural third-person)
ganāþīgōdī (first-person past singular)
ganāþīgōdī (past second-person singular)
ganāþīgō (present singular third-person)
ganāþīgōdī (past singular third-person)
ganāþīgōdīm (first-person past plural)
ganāþīgōdīd (past plural second-person)
ganāþīgōn (plural present third-person)
ganāþīgōdīn (past plural third-person)
ganāþīgō (present singular)
ganāþīgōþ (plural present)
ganāþīgōndī (participle present)
ganāþīgōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *gināthigōn

Middle Low German: genêdigen

Old Dutch: *gināthigon

Middle Dutch: genâdigen

Old High German: ginādigōn

Middle High German: genædigen

German: gnädigen


aldinōn

aldinōn (infinitive)
aldinōnijas (genitive infinitive)
aldinōnijē (dative infinitive)
aldinōniju (infinitive instrumental)
aldinō (first-person present singular)
aldinōdā (first-person past singular)
aldinōs (present second-person singular)
aldinōdēs (past second-person singular)
aldinōdōs (past second-person singular)
aldinōþ (present singular third-person)
aldinōdē (past singular third-person)
aldinōdā (past singular third-person)
aldinōm (first-person plural present)
aldinōdum (first-person past plural)
aldinōþ (plural present second-person)
aldinōdud (past plural second-person)
aldinōnþ (plural present third-person)
aldinōdun (past plural third-person)
aldinōdī (first-person past singular)
aldinōdī (past second-person singular)
aldinō (present singular third-person)
aldinōdī (past singular third-person)
aldinōdīm (first-person past plural)
aldinōdīd (past plural second-person)
aldinōn (plural present third-person)
aldinōdīn (past plural third-person)
aldinō (present singular)
aldinōþ (plural present)
aldinōndī (participle present)
aldinōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: aldinōn

Old High German: altinōn

Middle High German: *altenen

⇒ Middle High German: eraltenen

⇒ Middle High German: veraltenen


argiʀōn

argiʀōn (infinitive)
argiʀōnijas (genitive infinitive)
argiʀōnijē (dative infinitive)
argiʀōniju (infinitive instrumental)
argiʀō (first-person present singular)
argiʀōdā (first-person past singular)
argiʀōs (present second-person singular)
argiʀōdēs (past second-person singular)
argiʀōdōs (past second-person singular)
argiʀōþ (present singular third-person)
argiʀōdē (past singular third-person)
argiʀōdā (past singular third-person)
argiʀōm (first-person plural present)
argiʀōdum (first-person past plural)
argiʀōþ (plural present second-person)
argiʀōdud (past plural second-person)
argiʀōnþ (plural present third-person)
argiʀōdun (past plural third-person)
argiʀōdī (first-person past singular)
argiʀōdī (past second-person singular)
argiʀō (present singular third-person)
argiʀōdī (past singular third-person)
argiʀōdīm (first-person past plural)
argiʀōdīd (past plural second-person)
argiʀōn (plural present third-person)
argiʀōdīn (past plural third-person)
argiʀō (present singular)
argiʀōþ (plural present)
argiʀōndī (participle present)
argiʀōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: ergeria

West Frisian: ergerje

Old Saxon: *argirōn

Middle Low German: ergeren

desctree

Old Dutch: *argiron
Middle Dutch: argeren
Dutch: ergeren
Limburgish: èrgere

Old High German: argirōn

Middle High German: ergeren

German: ergeren

From *argiʀō (“worse, more terrible, more cowardly”) + *-ōn.


ānōn

ānōn (infinitive)
ānōnijas (genitive infinitive)
ānōnijē (dative infinitive)
ānōniju (infinitive instrumental)
ānō (first-person present singular)
ānōdā (first-person past singular)
ānōs (present second-person singular)
ānōdēs (past second-person singular)
ānōdōs (past second-person singular)
ānōþ (present singular third-person)
ānōdē (past singular third-person)
ānōdā (past singular third-person)
ānōm (first-person plural present)
ānōdum (first-person past plural)
ānōþ (plural present second-person)
ānōdud (past plural second-person)
ānōnþ (plural present third-person)
ānōdun (past plural third-person)
ānōdī (first-person past singular)
ānōdī (past second-person singular)
ānō (present singular third-person)
ānōdī (past singular third-person)
ānōdīm (first-person past plural)
ānōdīd (past plural second-person)
ānōn (plural present third-person)
ānōdīn (past plural third-person)
ānō (present singular)
ānōþ (plural present)
ānōndī (participle present)
ānōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *ānōn

Middle Low German: ānen

Old High German: *ānōn

Middle High German: ānen

⇒ Old High German: intānōn

Middle High German: entānen


ūtiʀōn

ūtiʀōn (infinitive)
ūtiʀōnijas (genitive infinitive)
ūtiʀōnijē (dative infinitive)
ūtiʀōniju (infinitive instrumental)
ūtiʀō (first-person present singular)
ūtiʀōdā (first-person past singular)
ūtiʀōs (present second-person singular)
ūtiʀōdēs (past second-person singular)
ūtiʀōdōs (past second-person singular)
ūtiʀōþ (present singular third-person)
ūtiʀōdē (past singular third-person)
ūtiʀōdā (past singular third-person)
ūtiʀōm (first-person plural present)
ūtiʀōdum (first-person past plural)
ūtiʀōþ (plural present second-person)
ūtiʀōdud (past plural second-person)
ūtiʀōnþ (plural present third-person)
ūtiʀōdun (past plural third-person)
ūtiʀōdī (first-person past singular)
ūtiʀōdī (past second-person singular)
ūtiʀō (present singular third-person)
ūtiʀōdī (past singular third-person)
ūtiʀōdīm (first-person past plural)
ūtiʀōdīd (past plural second-person)
ūtiʀōn (plural present third-person)
ūtiʀōdīn (past plural third-person)
ūtiʀō (present singular)
ūtiʀōþ (plural present)
ūtiʀōndī (participle present)
ūtiʀōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: ūtria

West Frisian: uterje

Old Saxon: *ūtirōn

Middle Low German: ūteren

Old Dutch: *ūtiron

Middle Dutch: uteren

Dutch: uiteren

→ English: utter

Old High German: ūzarōn

Middle High German: ūzeren, ūzern

German: äußern


fōtskamil

fōtskamil (nominative singular)
fōtskamilō (nominative plural)
fōtskamilōs (nominative plural)
fōtskamil (accusative singular)
fōtskamilā (accusative plural)
fōtskamilas (genitive singular)
fōtskamilō (genitive plural)
fōtskamilē (dative singular)
fōtskamilum (dative plural)
fōtskamilu (instrumental singular)
fōtskamilum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: fotsċamol, fōtsċamul, fōtsċamel, fōtsċeamol, fōtsċeamul, fōtsċeamel
Middle English: fotsceomele

Old Saxon: fōtscamel

desc

Middle High German: vōtschemel, vōtschēmel

→ Old Norse: fótskemill

Danish: fodskammel

Icelandic: fótskemill, fótaskemill

Old Dutch: fuotskamel, fuotscamel

Old High German: fuozskamal

Middle High German: vuozschamel

German: Fußschemel


malwā

malwā (nominative singular)
malwōn (nominative plural)
malwōn (accusative singular)
malwōn (accusative plural)
malwōn (genitive singular)
malwōnō (genitive plural)
malwōn (dative singular)
malwōm (dative plural)
malwum (dative plural)
malwōn (instrumental singular)
malwōm (instrumental plural)
malwum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: mealwe
Middle English: malwe
English: mallow
>? Scots: maw

Old Saxon: *malwa

Middle Low German: malve

→ Swedish: malva

→ Finnish: malva

Old Dutch: *malwa

Middle Dutch: māluwe, mālue, malve

Dutch: malve

Old High German: malva

Middle High German: malve

German: Malve

Hunsrik: Malve

→ Saterland Frisian: Malve


klūsijan

klūsijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
klūsijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
klūsijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
klūsijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
klūsiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
klūsidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
klūsisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
klūsidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
klūsidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
klūsiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
klūsidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
klūsidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
klūsijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
klūsidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
klūsiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
klūsidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
klūsijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
klūsidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
klūsijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
klūsidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
klūsijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
klūsidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
klūsijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
klūsidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
klūsijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
klūsidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
klūsijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
klūsidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
klūsijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
klūsidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
klūsi (class-1 present singular weak)
klūsiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
klūsijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
klūsid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: clȳsan
Middle English: clusen; closen (partially)
English: close
Scots: close, cloise, clois


klūsā

klūsā (nominative singular)
klūsōn (nominative plural)
klūsōn (accusative singular)
klūsōn (accusative plural)
klūsōn (genitive singular)
klūsōnō (genitive plural)
klūsōn (dative singular)
klūsōm (dative plural)
klūsum (dative plural)
klūsōn (instrumental singular)
klūsōm (instrumental plural)
klūsum (instrumental plural)

Old English: clūse
Middle English: cluse, clouse, clowse

Old Dutch: *klūsa

Middle Dutch: cluse

Dutch: kluis
Afrikaans: kluis
→ West Frisian: klûs
⇒ West Frisian: klûze
→ Indonesian: klés

Old High German: klūsa

Middle High German: klūse, klūs

German: Klause, Klaus

Borrowed from Late Latin clūsa, clausa (“closure; enclosure; cell; dam”), from Latin clūsus, clausus (“closed, enclosed, locked up”).


roþōn

roþōn (infinitive)
roþōnijas (genitive infinitive)
roþōnijē (dative infinitive)
roþōniju (infinitive instrumental)
roþō (first-person present singular)
roþōdā (first-person past singular)
roþōs (present second-person singular)
roþōdēs (past second-person singular)
roþōdōs (past second-person singular)
roþōþ (present singular third-person)
roþōdē (past singular third-person)
roþōdā (past singular third-person)
roþōm (first-person plural present)
roþōdum (first-person past plural)
roþōþ (plural present second-person)
roþōdud (past plural second-person)
roþōnþ (plural present third-person)
roþōdun (past plural third-person)
roþōdī (first-person past singular)
roþōdī (past second-person singular)
roþō (present singular third-person)
roþōdī (past singular third-person)
roþōdīm (first-person past plural)
roþōdīd (past plural second-person)
roþōn (plural present third-person)
roþōdīn (past plural third-person)
roþō (present singular)
roþōþ (plural present)
roþōndī (participle present)
roþōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: rothia

West Frisian: roaie, roeie, roegje

Old Saxon: *rothōn, *rodōn, *roddōn

Middle Low German: rōden, rodden, rāden

Old Dutch: *rothon, *rodon

Middle Dutch: rōden

Dutch: rooien

q

>? Dutch: roeien (obsolete, with the vowel -oe- of unkown origin)

⇒ Dutch: uitroeien

Old High German: rodōn

desc

Middle High German: roden, roten, rotten

German: roden, rotten

Possibly inherited from Proto-Germanic. Kroonen reconstructs Proto-Germanic *rudōną - *ruddōną an iterative verb to the strong verb *reudaną.
However, this doesn't account for the dental fricative that should be reconstructed for the Old Frisian and Old High German descendants.
Orel suggests that Old Norse roða (“huddle together”) is cognate, although the semantic development is unclear.


roppōn

roppōn (infinitive)
roppōnijas (genitive infinitive)
roppōnijē (dative infinitive)
roppōniju (infinitive instrumental)
roppō (first-person present singular)
roppōdā (first-person past singular)
roppōs (present second-person singular)
roppōdēs (past second-person singular)
roppōdōs (past second-person singular)
roppōþ (present singular third-person)
roppōdē (past singular third-person)
roppōdā (past singular third-person)
roppōm (first-person plural present)
roppōdum (first-person past plural)
roppōþ (plural present second-person)
roppōdud (past plural second-person)
roppōnþ (plural present third-person)
roppōdun (past plural third-person)
roppōdī (first-person past singular)
roppōdī (past second-person singular)
roppō (present singular third-person)
roppōdī (past singular third-person)
roppōdīm (first-person past plural)
roppōdīd (past plural second-person)
roppōn (plural present third-person)
roppōdīn (past plural third-person)
roppō (present singular)
roppōþ (plural present)
roppōndī (participle present)
roppōd (participle past)

Old Dutch: *roppon

Middle Dutch: roppen, ruppen

Dutch: roppen

Old High German: *ropfōn

Middle High German: ropfen

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *ruppōną (“to burp, belch”).


ruppōn

ruppōn (infinitive)
ruppōnijas (genitive infinitive)
ruppōnijē (dative infinitive)
ruppōniju (infinitive instrumental)
ruppō (first-person present singular)
ruppōdā (first-person past singular)
ruppōs (present second-person singular)
ruppōdēs (past second-person singular)
ruppōdōs (past second-person singular)
ruppōþ (present singular third-person)
ruppōdē (past singular third-person)
ruppōdā (past singular third-person)
ruppōm (first-person plural present)
ruppōdum (first-person past plural)
ruppōþ (plural present second-person)
ruppōdud (past plural second-person)
ruppōnþ (plural present third-person)
ruppōdun (past plural third-person)
ruppōdī (first-person past singular)
ruppōdī (past second-person singular)
ruppō (present singular third-person)
ruppōdī (past singular third-person)
ruppōdīm (first-person past plural)
ruppōdīd (past plural second-person)
ruppōn (plural present third-person)
ruppōdīn (past plural third-person)
ruppō (present singular)
ruppōþ (plural present)
ruppōndī (participle present)
ruppōd (participle past)

>? Old English: *rubbian

Middle English: rubben (possibly borrowed)

English: rub

Old Frisian: *robbia

Saterland Frisian: robje

Old Saxon: *roppōn

Middle Low German: roppen

Low German: rubben

Old Dutch: *roppon

Middle Dutch: roppen

Dutch: roppen, robben, rubben

Old High German: ropfōn, *ruphōn

Middle High German: ropfen, rupfen

German: rupfen

Luxembourgish: rappen

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *ruppōną (“to tear off”).


wōkkrōn

wōkkrōn (infinitive)
wōkkrōnijas (genitive infinitive)
wōkkrōnijē (dative infinitive)
wōkkrōniju (infinitive instrumental)
wōkkrō (first-person present singular)
wōkkrōdā (first-person past singular)
wōkkrōs (present second-person singular)
wōkkrōdēs (past second-person singular)
wōkkrōdōs (past second-person singular)
wōkkrōþ (present singular third-person)
wōkkrōdē (past singular third-person)
wōkkrōdā (past singular third-person)
wōkkrōm (first-person plural present)
wōkkrōdum (first-person past plural)
wōkkrōþ (plural present second-person)
wōkkrōdud (past plural second-person)
wōkkrōnþ (plural present third-person)
wōkkrōdun (past plural third-person)
wōkkrōdī (first-person past singular)
wōkkrōdī (past second-person singular)
wōkkrō (present singular third-person)
wōkkrōdī (past singular third-person)
wōkkrōdīm (first-person past plural)
wōkkrōdīd (past plural second-person)
wōkkrōn (plural present third-person)
wōkkrōdīn (past plural third-person)
wōkkrō (present singular)
wōkkrōþ (plural present)
wōkkrōndī (participle present)
wōkkrōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: *wōkria

West Frisian: woekerje

q

Old Saxon: *wōkrōn (attested as a class 1 weak verb wōkrian)

Middle Low German: wôkeren, wôkern

→? Old Norse: okra

Icelandic: okra

Swedish: ockra

Danish: ågre

→ Norwegian Bokmål: ågre

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: ågre, ågra

desctree

Old Dutch: *wuokeron
Middle Dutch: woekeren
Dutch: woekeren

Old High German: wuohharōn, wuohharēn

Middle High German: wuocheren, wuochern

German: wuchern

From *wōkr (“yield, usury”) + *-ōn.
It's uncertain if the Old Norse descendants are borrowed or inherited, in the latter case this verb may go back to Proto-Germanic *wōkrōną.


speutōn

speutōn (infinitive)
speutōnijas (genitive infinitive)
speutōnijē (dative infinitive)
speutōniju (infinitive instrumental)
speutō (first-person present singular)
speutōdā (first-person past singular)
speutōs (present second-person singular)
speutōdēs (past second-person singular)
speutōdōs (past second-person singular)
speutōþ (present singular third-person)
speutōdē (past singular third-person)
speutōdā (past singular third-person)
speutōm (first-person plural present)
speutōdum (first-person past plural)
speutōþ (plural present second-person)
speutōdud (past plural second-person)
speutōnþ (plural present third-person)
speutōdun (past plural third-person)
speutōdī (first-person past singular)
speutōdī (past second-person singular)
speutō (present singular third-person)
speutōdī (past singular third-person)
speutōdīm (first-person past plural)
speutōdīd (past plural second-person)
speutōn (plural present third-person)
speutōdīn (past plural third-person)
speutō (present singular)
speutōþ (plural present)
speutōndī (participle present)
speutōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *spiotōn

Middle Low German: spêten

Old Dutch: *spieton

Middle Dutch: spieten (semantically merged with spitten)

Old High German: spiozōn

Middle High German: spiezen

German: spießen


kūpu

kūpu (nominative singular)
kūpō (nominative plural)
kūpā (accusative singular)
kūpā (accusative plural)
kūpā (genitive singular)
kūpō (genitive plural)
kūpē (dative singular)
kūpōm (dative plural)
kūpum (dative plural)
kūpu (instrumental singular)
kūpōm (instrumental plural)
kūpum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *cūp; cȳpe, cȳpa (< *kūpijā)

Middle English: cupe, coupe; kipe, kype

English: coop

Scots: coup, cowp

Old Frisian: kūpe

West Frisian: kûpe

Old Saxon: *kūpa; *kūpea (< *kūpijā)

Middle Low German: kûpe; kü̂pe

German Low German: Kuup

Old Dutch: *cūpa

Middle Dutch: cupe, kuyp

Dutch: kuip

Old High German: kūfa

Middle High German: kūfe

a vessel (e.g. tub, vat; barrel, bucket)


stādigōn

stādigōn (infinitive)
stādigōnijas (genitive infinitive)
stādigōnijē (dative infinitive)
stādigōniju (infinitive instrumental)
stādigō (first-person present singular)
stādigōdā (first-person past singular)
stādigōs (present second-person singular)
stādigōdēs (past second-person singular)
stādigōdōs (past second-person singular)
stādigōþ (present singular third-person)
stādigōdē (past singular third-person)
stādigōdā (past singular third-person)
stādigōm (first-person plural present)
stādigōdum (first-person past plural)
stādigōþ (plural present second-person)
stādigōdud (past plural second-person)
stādigōnþ (plural present third-person)
stādigōdun (past plural third-person)
stādigōdī (first-person past singular)
stādigōdī (past second-person singular)
stādigō (present singular third-person)
stādigōdī (past singular third-person)
stādigōdīm (first-person past plural)
stādigōdīd (past plural second-person)
stādigōn (plural present third-person)
stādigōdīn (past plural third-person)
stādigō (present singular)
stādigōþ (plural present)
stādigōndī (participle present)
stādigōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: stēdigia

q

>? Old Saxon: *stādigōn, stēdigōn (could be a descendant from *stadigōn instead)

Middle Low German: stâdigen, stêdigen

>? Old Dutch: *stādigon, *stēdigon (could be a descendant from *stadigōn instead)

Middle Dutch: stâdigen, stêdigen

Dutch: stadigen, stedigen (obsolete)

Old High German: stātigōn

Middle High German: stætigen, stētigen

German: stätigen (obsolete)

⇒ German: bestätigen


skraiōn

skraiōn (infinitive)
skraiōnijas (genitive infinitive)
skraiōnijē (dative infinitive)
skraiōniju (infinitive instrumental)
skraiō (first-person present singular)
skraiōdā (first-person past singular)
skraiōs (present second-person singular)
skraiōdēs (past second-person singular)
skraiōdōs (past second-person singular)
skraiōþ (present singular third-person)
skraiōdē (past singular third-person)
skraiōdā (past singular third-person)
skraiōm (first-person plural present)
skraiōdum (first-person past plural)
skraiōþ (plural present second-person)
skraiōdud (past plural second-person)
skraiōnþ (plural present third-person)
skraiōdun (past plural third-person)
skraiōdī (first-person past singular)
skraiōdī (past second-person singular)
skraiō (present singular third-person)
skraiōdī (past singular third-person)
skraiōdīm (first-person past plural)
skraiōdīd (past plural second-person)
skraiōn (plural present third-person)
skraiōdīn (past plural third-person)
skraiō (present singular)
skraiōþ (plural present)
skraiōndī (participle present)
skraiōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: skraia

Old Saxon: *skraiōn

Middle Low German: schreien

Old Dutch: *skraion

Middle Dutch: schreien

Dutch: schreien

Old High German: *skreiōn

Middle High German: schreien

German: schreien (merged with the descendant of *skrīan)

⇒ Old High German: giskreiōn

⇒ Old High German: wuoftskreiōn


stadigōn

stadigōn (infinitive)
stadigōnijas (genitive infinitive)
stadigōnijē (dative infinitive)
stadigōniju (infinitive instrumental)
stadigō (first-person present singular)
stadigōdā (first-person past singular)
stadigōs (present second-person singular)
stadigōdēs (past second-person singular)
stadigōdōs (past second-person singular)
stadigōþ (present singular third-person)
stadigōdē (past singular third-person)
stadigōdā (past singular third-person)
stadigōm (first-person plural present)
stadigōdum (first-person past plural)
stadigōþ (plural present second-person)
stadigōdud (past plural second-person)
stadigōnþ (plural present third-person)
stadigōdun (past plural third-person)
stadigōdī (first-person past singular)
stadigōdī (past second-person singular)
stadigō (present singular third-person)
stadigōdī (past singular third-person)
stadigōdīm (first-person past plural)
stadigōdīd (past plural second-person)
stadigōn (plural present third-person)
stadigōdīn (past plural third-person)
stadigō (present singular)
stadigōþ (plural present)
stadigōndī (participle present)
stadigōd (participle past)

Old English: stediġian

Old Frisian: *stedigia

⇒ Old Frisian: bistedigia

>? Old Saxon: *stadigōn, stedigōn (could be a descendant from *stādigōn instead)

Middle Low German: stādigen, stēdigen

>? Old Dutch: *stadigon, *stedigon (could be a descendant from *stādigōn instead)

Middle Dutch: stādigen, stēdigen

Dutch: stadigen, stedigen (obsolete)

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *stadigōną. Equivalent to *stadig (“firm”) + *-ōn.


snittōn

snittōn (infinitive)
snittōnijas (genitive infinitive)
snittōnijē (dative infinitive)
snittōniju (infinitive instrumental)
snittō (first-person present singular)
snittōdā (first-person past singular)
snittōs (present second-person singular)
snittōdēs (past second-person singular)
snittōdōs (past second-person singular)
snittōþ (present singular third-person)
snittōdē (past singular third-person)
snittōdā (past singular third-person)
snittōm (first-person plural present)
snittōdum (first-person past plural)
snittōþ (plural present second-person)
snittōdud (past plural second-person)
snittōnþ (plural present third-person)
snittōdun (past plural third-person)
snittōdī (first-person past singular)
snittōdī (past second-person singular)
snittō (present singular third-person)
snittōdī (past singular third-person)
snittōdīm (first-person past plural)
snittōdīd (past plural second-person)
snittōn (plural present third-person)
snittōdīn (past plural third-person)
snittō (present singular)
snittōþ (plural present)
snittōndī (participle present)
snittōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: snithia (adopted -th- from the strong verb)

Old Saxon: *snittōn, *snidōn

Middle Low German: snitten, snēden

Old High German: *snizzōn, snitōn

Middle High German: snitzen, snēden

Alemannic German: schnëtze

German: schnitzen

→ Middle Low German: snitsen

German Low German: sniddjen

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *snittōną. An iterative verb related to the strong verb *snīþan.


þiuwjā

þiuwjā (nominative singular)
þiuwjōn (nominative plural)
þiuwjōn (accusative singular)
þiuwjōn (accusative plural)
þiuwjōn (genitive singular)
þiuwjōnō (genitive plural)
þiuwjōn (dative singular)
þiuwjōm (dative plural)
þiuwjum (dative plural)
þiuwjōn (instrumental singular)
þiuwjōm (instrumental plural)
þiuwjum (instrumental plural)

desc

Old English: þēowe, þēowen, þēowu, þīewen

Old Saxon: thiuwa

Old Dutch: thiuwa, thūwa

Old High German: *diuwa

Middle High German: diuwe, dīwe

From *þeu (“servent; servile”) + *-jā (feminine agent suffix), or fossilized from the genitive of *þiwi (“female servent”).


Folkmārī

Old English: Folcmǣr

Old Frisian: *Folkmēr

West Frisian: Folkmar

Old Dutch: *Folcmār

Dutch: Folkmar

Old High German: *Folkmār

German: Volkmar, Folkmar, Folmar

Latin: Folcmarus, Volcmarus


Aþalmārī

desctree

Old English: Æþelmær
English: Elmer
English: Aylmer

Old Dutch: *Athalmār

Dutch: Adelmar

Old High German: *Adalmār

German: Adelmar

Latin: Adelmarus

From *aþal (“noble”) + *mārī (“famous”).


gadōbī

gadōbī (masculine nominative singular)
gadōbiju (feminine nominative singular)
gadōbī (neuter nominative singular)
gadōbijanā (accusative masculine singular)
gadōbijā (accusative feminine singular)
gadōbī (accusative neuter singular)
gadōbijas (genitive masculine singular)
gadōbijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
gadōbijas (genitive neuter singular)
gadōbijumē (dative masculine singular)
gadōbijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
gadōbijumē (dative neuter singular)
gadōbiju (instrumental masculine singular)
gadōbijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
gadōbiju (instrumental neuter singular)
gadōbijē (masculine nominative plural)
gadōbijō (feminine nominative plural)
gadōbiju (neuter nominative plural)
gadōbijā (accusative masculine plural)
gadōbijā (accusative feminine plural)
gadōbiju (accusative neuter plural)
gadōbijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
gadōbijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
gadōbijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
gadōbijēm (dative masculine plural)
gadōbijum (dative masculine plural)
gadōbijēm (dative feminine plural)
gadōbijum (dative feminine plural)
gadōbijēm (dative neuter plural)
gadōbijum (dative neuter plural)
gadōbijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
gadōbijum (instrumental masculine plural)
gadōbijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
gadōbijum (feminine instrumental plural)
gadōbijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
gadōbijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: ġedēfe

From Proto-Germanic *gadōbiz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


salmō

salmō (nominative singular)
salman (nominative plural)
salman (accusative singular)
salman (accusative plural)
salmini (genitive singular)
salman (genitive singular)
salmanō (genitive plural)
salmini (dative singular)
salman (dative singular)
salmum (dative plural)
salmini (instrumental singular)
salman (instrumental singular)
salmum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: salmo

Middle Low German: salme, salm

German Low German: Salm

Old Dutch: *salmo

Middle Dutch: salme, salm, zalm

Dutch: zalm
Afrikaans: salm
→? West Frisian: salm
→ Caribbean Javanese: salem

Old High German: salmo
Middle High German: salme
German: Salm


wannu

wannu (nominative singular)
wannō (nominative plural)
wannā (accusative singular)
wannā (accusative plural)
wannā (genitive singular)
wannō (genitive plural)
wannē (dative singular)
wannōm (dative plural)
wannum (dative plural)
wannu (instrumental singular)
wannōm (instrumental plural)
wannum (instrumental plural)

Old English: fann, fan, fon
Middle English: fan
English: fan

Old Saxon: wanna

Middle Low German: wanne

Old Dutch: *wanna

Middle Dutch: wanne, wan

Dutch: wan

Old High German: wanna
Middle High German: wanne
German: Wanne (see there for further descendants)
Vilamovian: wonn
Yiddish: וואַנע (vane)

Borrowed from Latin vannus (/ˈu̯annus ~ ˈβannus/, “winnowing basket”).


plastr

plastr (nominative singular)
plastru (nominative plural)
plastr (accusative singular)
plastru (accusative plural)
plastras (genitive singular)
plastrō (genitive plural)
plastrē (dative singular)
plastrum (dative plural)
plastru (instrumental singular)
plastrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: plaster

desc

Middle English: plaster, plastre, playster, plastir, plaistre

English: plaster

Old Saxon: plāstar

Middle Low German: plaster, plāster, plastere

German Low German: Ploaster

Plautdietsch: Pleista

→ Old Norse: plástr

Icelandic: plástur

Norwegian: plaster

Old Swedish: plaster

Swedish: plåster

Danish: plaster

Old Dutch: *plastar

Middle Dutch: plaster, plastre, plaester, plaister

desctree

Dutch: pleister
Negerhollands: pleester
→ Indonesian: plester
→ Caribbean Javanese: plèster
→ Papiamentu: pleister, pleistu

Old High German: pflastar
Middle High German: pflaster
German: Pflaster
→ Polish: plaster


dīkōn

dīkōn (infinitive)
dīkōnijas (genitive infinitive)
dīkōnijē (dative infinitive)
dīkōniju (infinitive instrumental)
dīkō (first-person present singular)
dīkōdā (first-person past singular)
dīkōs (present second-person singular)
dīkōdēs (past second-person singular)
dīkōdōs (past second-person singular)
dīkōþ (present singular third-person)
dīkōdē (past singular third-person)
dīkōdā (past singular third-person)
dīkōm (first-person plural present)
dīkōdum (first-person past plural)
dīkōþ (plural present second-person)
dīkōdud (past plural second-person)
dīkōnþ (plural present third-person)
dīkōdun (past plural third-person)
dīkōdī (first-person past singular)
dīkōdī (past second-person singular)
dīkō (present singular third-person)
dīkōdī (past singular third-person)
dīkōdīm (first-person past plural)
dīkōdīd (past plural second-person)
dīkōn (plural present third-person)
dīkōdīn (past plural third-person)
dīkō (present singular)
dīkōþ (plural present)
dīkōndī (participle present)
dīkōd (participle past)

Old English: dīcian
Middle English: dyken, dychen (dychen from Old English *dīċan and/or influenced by dich, dych (“ditch”, noun))
English: dike, ditch
Scots: dike, dyke, dich, dych
>? Middle English: diggen (< *dīcgian)
English: dig
Scots: dig

Old Frisian: *dīkia, *dītzia, ditzia

Saterland Frisian: diekje

West Frisian: dykje

⇒ West Frisian: bedykje

Old Saxon: *dīkōn

Middle Low German: dîken

German Low German: dieken

Old Dutch: *dīkon

Middle Dutch: diken

Dutch: dijcken, dijken (obsolete)

⇒ Middle Dutch: bediken

Dutch: bedijken

→ Old French: dikier

desc

Middle French: dicquier, dieguer, diguer

French: diguer

Old High German: *tīhhōn, *dīhhōn

Middle High German: tīchen, *dīchen

German: deichen


bijā

bijā (nominative singular)
bijōn (nominative plural)
bijōn (accusative singular)
bijōn (accusative plural)
bijōn (genitive singular)
bijōnō (genitive plural)
bijōn (dative singular)
bijōm (dative plural)
bijum (dative plural)
bijōn (instrumental singular)
bijōm (instrumental plural)
bijum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: bēo
Middle English: bee, be, beo, bey
English: bee
Scots: bee, be, beye, bie, bea
Yola: been (plural)

Old Frisian: *bē

West Frisian: bij

Old Saxon: *bīa
Middle Low German: bîe, bê, beie
Low German: Bee, bigge
Plautdietsch: Bie

Old Dutch: *bīa
Middle Dutch: bië
Dutch: bij
Afrikaans: by
West Flemish: bie
Zealandic: bie, bieë

Old High German: pīa, bīa

Middle High German: bīe

Alemannic German: Bii

Central Franconian: Bei

German: Beie (obsolete)

Luxembourgish: Bei


binikaʀ

binikaʀ (nominative singular)
binikaʀu (nominative plural)
binikaʀ (accusative singular)
binikaʀu (accusative plural)
binikaʀas (genitive singular)
binikaʀō (genitive plural)
binikaʀē (dative singular)
binikaʀum (dative plural)
binikaʀu (instrumental singular)
binikaʀum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *binikar

Middle Low German: bēnkar

Old High German: binikar

Middle High German: bīnekar, bīnkar

Alemannic German: Binker, Binkert

⇒ Old High German: biūnkar

Middle High German: bīenkar


bijōnkaʀ

bijōnkaʀ (nominative singular)
bijōnkaʀu (nominative plural)
bijōnkaʀ (accusative singular)
bijōnkaʀu (accusative plural)
bijōnkaʀas (genitive singular)
bijōnkaʀō (genitive plural)
bijōnkaʀē (dative singular)
bijōnkaʀum (dative plural)
bijōnkaʀu (instrumental singular)
bijōnkaʀum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon:

Middle Low German: bīenkar, bîekar

Old Dutch:

Middle Dutch:

Dutch: byhencare (archaic)

From *bijōn (“bee's; bees”) + *kaʀ (“vessel”).

af

Alternative form of *bijakaʀ (“beehive”)


himiliti

himiliti (nominative singular)
himilittju (nominative plural)
himiliti (accusative singular)
himilittju (accusative plural)
himilittjas (genitive singular)
himilittjō (genitive plural)
himilittjē (dative singular)
himilittjum (dative plural)
himilittju (instrumental singular)
himilittjum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *himiliti, *himilti

desc

Middle Low German: hemelte, hēmelte, hemmelte

Old Dutch: *himiliti, *himilti

Middle Dutch: hemelte, hemelt

⇒ Middle Dutch: verhemelte

Dutch: verhemelte

Old High German: himilizzi

Middle High German: himelize, himelze, himeliz

Derived from *himilittjan (“to cover, roof”), equivalent to *himil + *-iti.

Gehimmelze

Middle High German: gehimeleze, gehimelze


trahtōn

trahtōn (infinitive)
trahtōnijas (genitive infinitive)
trahtōnijē (dative infinitive)
trahtōniju (infinitive instrumental)
trahtō (first-person present singular)
trahtōdā (first-person past singular)
trahtōs (present second-person singular)
trahtōdēs (past second-person singular)
trahtōdōs (past second-person singular)
trahtōþ (present singular third-person)
trahtōdē (past singular third-person)
trahtōdā (past singular third-person)
trahtōm (first-person plural present)
trahtōdum (first-person past plural)
trahtōþ (plural present second-person)
trahtōdud (past plural second-person)
trahtōnþ (plural present third-person)
trahtōdun (past plural third-person)
trahtōdī (first-person past singular)
trahtōdī (past second-person singular)
trahtō (present singular third-person)
trahtōdī (past singular third-person)
trahtōdīm (first-person past plural)
trahtōdīd (past plural second-person)
trahtōn (plural present third-person)
trahtōdīn (past plural third-person)
trahtō (present singular)
trahtōþ (plural present)
trahtōndī (participle present)
trahtōd (participle past)

Old English: trahtian

Old Frisian: trachtia

West Frisian: trachtsje

Old Saxon: trahtōn

Middle Low German: trachten

→ Norwegian Bokmål: trakte

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: trakte, trakta

→ Swedish: trakta

→ Danish: tragte

Old Dutch: *trahton

Middle Dutch: trachten

Dutch: trachten

Old High German: trahtōn

Middle High German: trachten

German: trachten


wunnjusamōn

wunnjusamōn (infinitive)
wunnjusamōnijas (genitive infinitive)
wunnjusamōnijē (dative infinitive)
wunnjusamōniju (infinitive instrumental)
wunnjusamō (first-person present singular)
wunnjusamōdā (first-person past singular)
wunnjusamōs (present second-person singular)
wunnjusamōdēs (past second-person singular)
wunnjusamōdōs (past second-person singular)
wunnjusamōþ (present singular third-person)
wunnjusamōdē (past singular third-person)
wunnjusamōdā (past singular third-person)
wunnjusamōm (first-person plural present)
wunnjusamōdum (first-person past plural)
wunnjusamōþ (plural present second-person)
wunnjusamōdud (past plural second-person)
wunnjusamōnþ (plural present third-person)
wunnjusamōdun (past plural third-person)
wunnjusamōdī (first-person past singular)
wunnjusamōdī (past second-person singular)
wunnjusamō (present singular third-person)
wunnjusamōdī (past singular third-person)
wunnjusamōdīm (first-person past plural)
wunnjusamōdīd (past plural second-person)
wunnjusamōn (plural present third-person)
wunnjusamōdīn (past plural third-person)
wunnjusamō (present singular)
wunnjusamōþ (plural present)
wunnjusamōndī (participle present)
wunnjusamōd (participle past)

Old English: wynsumian

Old High German: wunnisamōn

Middle High German: wunnesāmen, wunnesamen, wünnesamen

Derived from *wunnjusam (“joyful, delightful”) + *-ōn.


balwōn

balwōn (infinitive)
balwōnijas (genitive infinitive)
balwōnijē (dative infinitive)
balwōniju (infinitive instrumental)
balwō (first-person present singular)
balwōdā (first-person past singular)
balwōs (present second-person singular)
balwōdēs (past second-person singular)
balwōdōs (past second-person singular)
balwōþ (present singular third-person)
balwōdē (past singular third-person)
balwōdā (past singular third-person)
balwōm (first-person plural present)
balwōdum (first-person past plural)
balwōþ (plural present second-person)
balwōdud (past plural second-person)
balwōnþ (plural present third-person)
balwōdun (past plural third-person)
balwōdī (first-person past singular)
balwōdī (past second-person singular)
balwō (present singular third-person)
balwōdī (past singular third-person)
balwōdīm (first-person past plural)
balwōdīd (past plural second-person)
balwōn (plural present third-person)
balwōdīn (past plural third-person)
balwō (present singular)
balwōþ (plural present)
balwōndī (participle present)
balwōd (participle past)

>? Old Frisian: *balia

⇒ Old Frisian: forbalia

⇒ Old Frisian: urbalia

Old Saxon: *baluwōn

Middle Low German: *balwen

desc

⇒ Middle Low German: vörbalwen, vorbalwen, vorballewen

Old Dutch: *baluwon

Middle Dutch: baluwen, baellewen

Old High German: *balawōn

⇒ Old High German: gibalawōn

gl

assimilated to Latin <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">malus</i>

→? Vulgar Latin: *balvō, *malvō (assimilated to Latin malus)

Galician: malvar

Old Spanish: malvar

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *balwōną. Equivalent to *balu (“evil, misfortune”) + *-ōn or *balu (“evil, bad”) + *-ōn. Cognate with Old Norse bǫlva.
Compare also the class 1 weak verb in Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (balwjan).


gramōn

gramōn (infinitive)
gramōnijas (genitive infinitive)
gramōnijē (dative infinitive)
gramōniju (infinitive instrumental)
gramō (first-person present singular)
gramōdā (first-person past singular)
gramōs (present second-person singular)
gramōdēs (past second-person singular)
gramōdōs (past second-person singular)
gramōþ (present singular third-person)
gramōdē (past singular third-person)
gramōdā (past singular third-person)
gramōm (first-person plural present)
gramōdum (first-person past plural)
gramōþ (plural present second-person)
gramōdud (past plural second-person)
gramōnþ (plural present third-person)
gramōdun (past plural third-person)
gramōdī (first-person past singular)
gramōdī (past second-person singular)
gramō (present singular third-person)
gramōdī (past singular third-person)
gramōdīm (first-person past plural)
gramōdīd (past plural second-person)
gramōn (plural present third-person)
gramōdīn (past plural third-person)
gramō (present singular)
gramōþ (plural present)
gramōndī (participle present)
gramōd (participle past)

Old English: gramian

Middle English: gramen

Old Saxon: *gramōn, *grammōn

Middle Low German: grāmen, grammen

Old Dutch: *gramon, *grammon

Middle Dutch: grāmen, grammen

Dutch: gramen, grammen (obsolete)

Old High German: *gramōn, *grammōn

Middle High German: gramen, grammen

⇒ Old High German: gristgramōn

desc

Middle High German: grisgramen, grustgramen, grisgrammen, grisegrammen


framainsamōn

framainsamōn (infinitive)
framainsamōnijas (genitive infinitive)
framainsamōnijē (dative infinitive)
framainsamōniju (infinitive instrumental)
framainsamō (first-person present singular)
framainsamōdā (first-person past singular)
framainsamōs (present second-person singular)
framainsamōdēs (past second-person singular)
framainsamōdōs (past second-person singular)
framainsamōþ (present singular third-person)
framainsamōdē (past singular third-person)
framainsamōdā (past singular third-person)
framainsamōm (first-person plural present)
framainsamōdum (first-person past plural)
framainsamōþ (plural present second-person)
framainsamōdud (past plural second-person)
framainsamōnþ (plural present third-person)
framainsamōdun (past plural third-person)
framainsamōdī (first-person past singular)
framainsamōdī (past second-person singular)
framainsamō (present singular third-person)
framainsamōdī (past singular third-person)
framainsamōdīm (first-person past plural)
framainsamōdīd (past plural second-person)
framainsamōn (plural present third-person)
framainsamōdīn (past plural third-person)
framainsamō (present singular)
framainsamōþ (plural present)
framainsamōndī (participle present)
framainsamōd (participle past)

Old Dutch: *farmēnsamon

Middle Dutch: vermêensāmen

Old High German: firmeinsamōn, firmeinsamēn

Middle High German: vermeinsamen

Equivalent to *framainsam (“excommunication”) + *-ōn or *fra- + *mainsamōn.


mainsamōn

mainsamōn (infinitive)
mainsamōnijas (genitive infinitive)
mainsamōnijē (dative infinitive)
mainsamōniju (infinitive instrumental)
mainsamō (first-person present singular)
mainsamōdā (first-person past singular)
mainsamōs (present second-person singular)
mainsamōdēs (past second-person singular)
mainsamōdōs (past second-person singular)
mainsamōþ (present singular third-person)
mainsamōdē (past singular third-person)
mainsamōdā (past singular third-person)
mainsamōm (first-person plural present)
mainsamōdum (first-person past plural)
mainsamōþ (plural present second-person)
mainsamōdud (past plural second-person)
mainsamōnþ (plural present third-person)
mainsamōdun (past plural third-person)
mainsamōdī (first-person past singular)
mainsamōdī (past second-person singular)
mainsamō (present singular third-person)
mainsamōdī (past singular third-person)
mainsamōdīm (first-person past plural)
mainsamōdīd (past plural second-person)
mainsamōn (plural present third-person)
mainsamōdīn (past plural third-person)
mainsamō (present singular)
mainsamōþ (plural present)
mainsamōndī (participle present)
mainsamōd (participle past)

Old English: mǽnsumian, mānsumian

Old Saxon: *mēnsamon

Middle Low German: mēnsamen

Equivalent to *mainsam (“common, communal”) + *-ōn.


gamainsamōn

gamainsamōn (infinitive)
gamainsamōnijas (genitive infinitive)
gamainsamōnijē (dative infinitive)
gamainsamōniju (infinitive instrumental)
gamainsamō (first-person present singular)
gamainsamōdā (first-person past singular)
gamainsamōs (present second-person singular)
gamainsamōdēs (past second-person singular)
gamainsamōdōs (past second-person singular)
gamainsamōþ (present singular third-person)
gamainsamōdē (past singular third-person)
gamainsamōdā (past singular third-person)
gamainsamōm (first-person plural present)
gamainsamōdum (first-person past plural)
gamainsamōþ (plural present second-person)
gamainsamōdud (past plural second-person)
gamainsamōnþ (plural present third-person)
gamainsamōdun (past plural third-person)
gamainsamōdī (first-person past singular)
gamainsamōdī (past second-person singular)
gamainsamō (present singular third-person)
gamainsamōdī (past singular third-person)
gamainsamōdīm (first-person past plural)
gamainsamōdīd (past plural second-person)
gamainsamōn (plural present third-person)
gamainsamōdīn (past plural third-person)
gamainsamō (present singular)
gamainsamōþ (plural present)
gamainsamōndī (participle present)
gamainsamōd (participle past)

Old English: gemǽnsumian, gemānsumian

desctree

Old Saxon: *gimēnsamon
Middle Low German: gemēnsamen
Low German: gemeensamen

Old High German: gimeinsamōn

Middle High German: gemeinsamen

Equivalent to *gamainsam (“common”) + *-ōn or *ga- + *mainsamōn.


uʀmainsamōn

uʀmainsamōn (infinitive)
uʀmainsamōnijas (genitive infinitive)
uʀmainsamōnijē (dative infinitive)
uʀmainsamōniju (infinitive instrumental)
uʀmainsamō (first-person present singular)
uʀmainsamōdā (first-person past singular)
uʀmainsamōs (present second-person singular)
uʀmainsamōdēs (past second-person singular)
uʀmainsamōdōs (past second-person singular)
uʀmainsamōþ (present singular third-person)
uʀmainsamōdē (past singular third-person)
uʀmainsamōdā (past singular third-person)
uʀmainsamōm (first-person plural present)
uʀmainsamōdum (first-person past plural)
uʀmainsamōþ (plural present second-person)
uʀmainsamōdud (past plural second-person)
uʀmainsamōnþ (plural present third-person)
uʀmainsamōdun (past plural third-person)
uʀmainsamōdī (first-person past singular)
uʀmainsamōdī (past second-person singular)
uʀmainsamō (present singular third-person)
uʀmainsamōdī (past singular third-person)
uʀmainsamōdīm (first-person past plural)
uʀmainsamōdīd (past plural second-person)
uʀmainsamōn (plural present third-person)
uʀmainsamōdīn (past plural third-person)
uʀmainsamō (present singular)
uʀmainsamōþ (plural present)
uʀmainsamōndī (participle present)
uʀmainsamōd (participle past)

Old English: āmǽnsumian, āmānsumian

Old High German: irmeinsamōn

Equivalent to *uʀmainsam (“excommunication”) + *-ōn or *uʀ- + *mainsamōn.