bisulwijan

bisulwijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
bisulwijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
bisulwijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
bisulwijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
bisulwiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bisulwidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bisulwisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bisulwidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bisulwidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bisulwiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bisulwidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bisulwidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bisulwijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bisulwidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bisulwiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bisulwidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bisulwijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bisulwidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bisulwijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bisulwidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bisulwijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bisulwidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bisulwijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bisulwidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bisulwijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bisulwidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bisulwijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bisulwidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bisulwijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bisulwidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bisulwi (class-1 present singular weak)
bisulwiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
bisulwijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
bisulwid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *besulian, besylian

Old Saxon: *bisulwian, *bisulian, *bisulōn

Middle Low German: besȫlen

German Low German: besölen

Old High German: bisulen, pisullen

Middle High German: besūlen, besūln

German: besūhlen

From Proto-Germanic *bisulwijaną, equivalent to *bi- + *sulwijan. Cognate with Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bisauljan).


solōn

solōn (infinitive)
solōnijas (genitive infinitive)
solōnijē (dative infinitive)
solōniju (infinitive instrumental)
solō (first-person present singular)
solōdā (first-person past singular)
solōs (present second-person singular)
solōdēs (past second-person singular)
solōdōs (past second-person singular)
solōþ (present singular third-person)
solōdē (past singular third-person)
solōdā (past singular third-person)
solōm (first-person plural present)
solōdum (first-person past plural)
solōþ (plural present second-person)
solōdud (past plural second-person)
solōnþ (plural present third-person)
solōdun (past plural third-person)
solōdī (first-person past singular)
solōdī (past second-person singular)
solō (present singular third-person)
solōdī (past singular third-person)
solōdīm (first-person past plural)
solōdīd (past plural second-person)
solōn (plural present third-person)
solōdīn (past plural third-person)
solō (present singular)
solōþ (plural present)
solōndī (participle present)
solōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: solian
Middle English: solien, solen
English: soil (partly)

⇒ Old English: āsolian

Old Saxon: *solōn

Middle Low German: solen, sālen

⇒ Old Saxon: *bisolōn

Middle Low German: besālen

Old Dutch: *solon

Middle Dutch: solen

Dutch: zolen (dialectal)

Old High German: solōn

Middle High German: solen, soln

German: solen, sölen

⇒ Old High German: solunga

⇒ Old High German: bisolōn

Middle High German: besolen, besoln

From Proto-Germanic *sulōną, equivalent to *sol + *-ōn.


sundijōn

sundijōn (infinitive)
sundijōnijas (genitive infinitive)
sundijōnijē (dative infinitive)
sundijōniju (infinitive instrumental)
sundijō (first-person present singular)
sundijōdā (first-person past singular)
sundijōs (present second-person singular)
sundijōdēs (past second-person singular)
sundijōdōs (past second-person singular)
sundijōþ (present singular third-person)
sundijōdē (past singular third-person)
sundijōdā (past singular third-person)
sundijōm (first-person plural present)
sundijōdum (first-person past plural)
sundijōþ (plural present second-person)
sundijōdud (past plural second-person)
sundijōnþ (plural present third-person)
sundijōdun (past plural third-person)
sundijōdī (first-person past singular)
sundijōdī (past second-person singular)
sundijō (present singular third-person)
sundijōdī (past singular third-person)
sundijōdīm (first-person past plural)
sundijōdīd (past plural second-person)
sundijōn (plural present third-person)
sundijōdīn (past plural third-person)
sundijō (present singular)
sundijōþ (plural present)
sundijōndī (participle present)
sundijōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: sundion

Middle Low German: sünden, sunden

Old Dutch: *sundon

Middle Dutch: sonden, sunden

Old High German: suntōn

Middle High German: sünden, sunden


raidīgōn

raidīgōn (infinitive)
raidīgōnijas (genitive infinitive)
raidīgōnijē (dative infinitive)
raidīgōniju (infinitive instrumental)
raidīgō (first-person present singular)
raidīgōdā (first-person past singular)
raidīgōs (present second-person singular)
raidīgōdēs (past second-person singular)
raidīgōdōs (past second-person singular)
raidīgōþ (present singular third-person)
raidīgōdē (past singular third-person)
raidīgōdā (past singular third-person)
raidīgōm (first-person plural present)
raidīgōdum (first-person past plural)
raidīgōþ (plural present second-person)
raidīgōdud (past plural second-person)
raidīgōnþ (plural present third-person)
raidīgōdun (past plural third-person)
raidīgōdī (first-person past singular)
raidīgōdī (past second-person singular)
raidīgō (present singular third-person)
raidīgōdī (past singular third-person)
raidīgōdīm (first-person past plural)
raidīgōdīd (past plural second-person)
raidīgōn (plural present third-person)
raidīgōdīn (past plural third-person)
raidīgō (present singular)
raidīgōþ (plural present)
raidīgōndī (participle present)
raidīgōd (participle past)

Old English: *rǣdiġian

Middle English: redien

English: ready

Old Frisian: rēdigia

Old Saxon: *rēdigon

Middle Low German: rêdegen, rêdigen

Old Dutch: rēdigon


marhaskalk

marhaskalk (nominative singular)
marhaskalkō (nominative plural)
marhaskalkōs (nominative plural)
marhaskalk (accusative singular)
marhaskalkā (accusative plural)
marhaskalkas (genitive singular)
marhaskalkō (genitive plural)
marhaskalkē (dative singular)
marhaskalkum (dative plural)
marhaskalku (instrumental singular)
marhaskalkum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: maraskalk, marahscalc

desc

Middle Low German: marschalk, marschallik

→ Icelandic: marskálkur

→ Faroese: marskálkur

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: marskalk

Norwegian Nynorsk: marskalk

→ Old Swedish: marskalk

desctree

Swedish: marskalk
→ Finnish: marsalkka
→ Northern Sami: marskálka

→ Old Danish: marskalk

desc

influenced by German <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">Marschall</i>

→ Danish: marskal (influenced by German Marschall)

⇒ Old Danish: marsc

Danish: marsc (obsolete)

Old Dutch: mariskalk

Middle Dutch: maerschalc, maerscalc, marscalc

desctree

Dutch: maarschalk
Afrikaans: maarskalk
→ Indonesian: marsêkal
→ West Frisian: maarskalk

Old High German: marahscalc

Middle High German: marhscalc

Alemannic German: Marschalk (obsolete)

German: Marschall (final /k/ lost due to French influence), Marschalk (obsolete)
→ Czech: maršál
→ Estonian: marssal
→ Lithuanian: maršalas
→ Macedonian: маршал (maršal)
→ Russian: ма́ршал (máršal)
→ Azerbaijani: marşal
→ Georgian: მარშალი (maršali)
→ Kazakh: маршал (marşal)
→ Ukrainian: ма́ршал (máršal)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Latin script: maršal
Cyrillic script: маршал

desc

Luxembourgish: Marschall (final /k/ lost due to French influence)

→ Polish: marszałek

→ Lithuanian: maršalka

desctree

→ Medieval Latin: mariscalcus, marescalcus, marescaldus, marescallus, mareschalchus
Old French: mareschal, marchal, marescal, marescald, marescalc, marschal (see there for further descendants)
Franco-Provençal: marechâl
Brionnais: marétsau
Fribourgeois: martsô
Italian: maniscalco (possibly mediated through early Gallo-Romance)

From *marh (“horse”) + *skalk (“retainer”). For the semantic development, compare Chinese 司馬 (MC si maeX, literally “master of the horse”).

ltc-l

a groom (attendant who looks after a horse)


lahstrōn

lahstrōn (infinitive)
lahstrōnijas (genitive infinitive)
lahstrōnijē (dative infinitive)
lahstrōniju (infinitive instrumental)
lahstrō (first-person present singular)
lahstrōdā (first-person past singular)
lahstrōs (present second-person singular)
lahstrōdēs (past second-person singular)
lahstrōdōs (past second-person singular)
lahstrōþ (present singular third-person)
lahstrōdē (past singular third-person)
lahstrōdā (past singular third-person)
lahstrōm (first-person plural present)
lahstrōdum (first-person past plural)
lahstrōþ (plural present second-person)
lahstrōdud (past plural second-person)
lahstrōnþ (plural present third-person)
lahstrōdun (past plural third-person)
lahstrōdī (first-person past singular)
lahstrōdī (past second-person singular)
lahstrō (present singular third-person)
lahstrōdī (past singular third-person)
lahstrōdīm (first-person past plural)
lahstrōdīd (past plural second-person)
lahstrōn (plural present third-person)
lahstrōdīn (past plural third-person)
lahstrō (present singular)
lahstrōþ (plural present)
lahstrōndī (participle present)
lahstrōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: lastria

West Frisian: lasterje

Old Saxon: lastron

Middle Low German: lasteren

q

Old Dutch: lastron (only attested in the present participle)

Middle Dutch: lasteren

Dutch: lasteren

Old High German: lastarōn, lastirōn

desc

Middle High German: lasteren, lastern, lestern

German: lästern


mundōn

mundōn (infinitive)
mundōnijas (genitive infinitive)
mundōnijē (dative infinitive)
mundōniju (infinitive instrumental)
mundō (first-person present singular)
mundōdā (first-person past singular)
mundōs (present second-person singular)
mundōdēs (past second-person singular)
mundōdōs (past second-person singular)
mundōþ (present singular third-person)
mundōdē (past singular third-person)
mundōdā (past singular third-person)
mundōm (first-person plural present)
mundōdum (first-person past plural)
mundōþ (plural present second-person)
mundōdud (past plural second-person)
mundōnþ (plural present third-person)
mundōdun (past plural third-person)
mundōdī (first-person past singular)
mundōdī (past second-person singular)
mundō (present singular third-person)
mundōdī (past singular third-person)
mundōdīm (first-person past plural)
mundōdīd (past plural second-person)
mundōn (plural present third-person)
mundōdīn (past plural third-person)
mundō (present singular)
mundōþ (plural present)
mundōndī (participle present)
mundōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: mundon

Old Dutch: *mundon

Middle Dutch: monden

Old High German: muntōn

Middle High German: munden

From *mundu (“hand, protection”) + *-ōn.


hrīdrōn

hrīdrōn (infinitive)
hrīdrōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hrīdrōnijē (dative infinitive)
hrīdrōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hrīdrō (first-person present singular)
hrīdrōdā (first-person past singular)
hrīdrōs (present second-person singular)
hrīdrōdēs (past second-person singular)
hrīdrōdōs (past second-person singular)
hrīdrōþ (present singular third-person)
hrīdrōdē (past singular third-person)
hrīdrōdā (past singular third-person)
hrīdrōm (first-person plural present)
hrīdrōdum (first-person past plural)
hrīdrōþ (plural present second-person)
hrīdrōdud (past plural second-person)
hrīdrōnþ (plural present third-person)
hrīdrōdun (past plural third-person)
hrīdrōdī (first-person past singular)
hrīdrōdī (past second-person singular)
hrīdrō (present singular third-person)
hrīdrōdī (past singular third-person)
hrīdrōdīm (first-person past plural)
hrīdrōdīd (past plural second-person)
hrīdrōn (plural present third-person)
hrīdrōdīn (past plural third-person)
hrīdrō (present singular)
hrīdrōþ (plural present)
hrīdrōndī (participle present)
hrīdrōd (participle past)

Old English: hrīdrian

Old Saxon: hrīderon

Old High German: rītrōn, rīterōn, rītarōn

Middle High German: rīteren, rītern


sikurōn

sikurōn (infinitive)
sikurōnijas (genitive infinitive)
sikurōnijē (dative infinitive)
sikurōniju (infinitive instrumental)
sikurō (first-person present singular)
sikurōdā (first-person past singular)
sikurōs (present second-person singular)
sikurōdēs (past second-person singular)
sikurōdōs (past second-person singular)
sikurōþ (present singular third-person)
sikurōdē (past singular third-person)
sikurōdā (past singular third-person)
sikurōm (first-person plural present)
sikurōdum (first-person past plural)
sikurōþ (plural present second-person)
sikurōdud (past plural second-person)
sikurōnþ (plural present third-person)
sikurōdun (past plural third-person)
sikurōdī (first-person past singular)
sikurōdī (past second-person singular)
sikurō (present singular third-person)
sikurōdī (past singular third-person)
sikurōdīm (first-person past plural)
sikurōdīd (past plural second-person)
sikurōn (plural present third-person)
sikurōdīn (past plural third-person)
sikurō (present singular)
sikurōþ (plural present)
sikurōndī (participle present)
sikurōd (participle past)

Old English: *sicorian

Middle English: sikeren

Scots: siker, sicker (“to fix, establish; confirm, assure”)

Old Frisian: sikuria, sikeria, sikria

Saterland Frisian: sekerje

West Frisian: sekerje

⇒ West Frisian: fersekerje

Old Saxon: sikorōn

Middle Low German: sēkeren, sickeren, sekeren

German Low German: sekern

Old Dutch: *sikoron

Middle Dutch: sēkeren

Dutch: zekeren

⇒ Dutch: verzekeren

Old High German: sihhurōn

Middle High German: sicheren, sichern

German: sichern

→ Saterland Frisian: sicherje


raþinōn

raþinōn (infinitive)
raþinōnijas (genitive infinitive)
raþinōnijē (dative infinitive)
raþinōniju (infinitive instrumental)
raþinō (first-person present singular)
raþinōdā (first-person past singular)
raþinōs (present second-person singular)
raþinōdēs (past second-person singular)
raþinōdōs (past second-person singular)
raþinōþ (present singular third-person)
raþinōdē (past singular third-person)
raþinōdā (past singular third-person)
raþinōm (first-person plural present)
raþinōdum (first-person past plural)
raþinōþ (plural present second-person)
raþinōdud (past plural second-person)
raþinōnþ (plural present third-person)
raþinōdun (past plural third-person)
raþinōdī (first-person past singular)
raþinōdī (past second-person singular)
raþinō (present singular third-person)
raþinōdī (past singular third-person)
raþinōdīm (first-person past plural)
raþinōdīd (past plural second-person)
raþinōn (plural present third-person)
raþinōdīn (past plural third-person)
raþinō (present singular)
raþinōþ (plural present)
raþinōndī (participle present)
raþinōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: rethinōn

Middle Low German: rēdenen

Old Dutch: *rethinon

Middle Dutch: rēdenen

Dutch: redenen (obsolete)

Old High German: redinōn, redenōn

Middle High German: redenen

From *raþ(þ)jā (“account, reasoning”) + *-inōn.


hraiwōn

hraiwōn (infinitive)
hraiwōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hraiwōnijē (dative infinitive)
hraiwōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hraiwō (first-person present singular)
hraiwōdā (first-person past singular)
hraiwōs (present second-person singular)
hraiwōdēs (past second-person singular)
hraiwōdōs (past second-person singular)
hraiwōþ (present singular third-person)
hraiwōdē (past singular third-person)
hraiwōdā (past singular third-person)
hraiwōm (first-person plural present)
hraiwōdum (first-person past plural)
hraiwōþ (plural present second-person)
hraiwōdud (past plural second-person)
hraiwōnþ (plural present third-person)
hraiwōdun (past plural third-person)
hraiwōdī (first-person past singular)
hraiwōdī (past second-person singular)
hraiwō (present singular third-person)
hraiwōdī (past singular third-person)
hraiwōdīm (first-person past plural)
hraiwōdīd (past plural second-person)
hraiwōn (plural present third-person)
hraiwōdīn (past plural third-person)
hraiwō (present singular)
hraiwōþ (plural present)
hraiwōndī (participle present)
hraiwōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: hrēon

Old Dutch: *hrēwon

Middle Dutch: reeuwen

Dutch: reeuwen

Old High German: rēōn

Middle High German: rēwen


munitōn

munitōn (infinitive)
munitōnijas (genitive infinitive)
munitōnijē (dative infinitive)
munitōniju (infinitive instrumental)
munitō (first-person present singular)
munitōdā (first-person past singular)
munitōs (present second-person singular)
munitōdēs (past second-person singular)
munitōdōs (past second-person singular)
munitōþ (present singular third-person)
munitōdē (past singular third-person)
munitōdā (past singular third-person)
munitōm (first-person plural present)
munitōdum (first-person past plural)
munitōþ (plural present second-person)
munitōdud (past plural second-person)
munitōnþ (plural present third-person)
munitōdun (past plural third-person)
munitōdī (first-person past singular)
munitōdī (past second-person singular)
munitō (present singular third-person)
munitōdī (past singular third-person)
munitōdīm (first-person past plural)
munitōdīd (past plural second-person)
munitōn (plural present third-person)
munitōdīn (past plural third-person)
munitō (present singular)
munitōþ (plural present)
munitōndī (participle present)
munitōd (participle past)

Old English: mynetian

Middle English: *minten

English: mint

Old Frisian: mentia

Old Saxon: munitōn

Middle Low German: münten

Old Dutch: *muniton

Middle Dutch: munten

Dutch: munten

Old High German: munizōn

Middle High German: münzen

German: münzen


neudōn

neudōn (infinitive)
neudōnijas (genitive infinitive)
neudōnijē (dative infinitive)
neudōniju (infinitive instrumental)
neudō (first-person present singular)
neudōdā (first-person past singular)
neudōs (present second-person singular)
neudōdēs (past second-person singular)
neudōdōs (past second-person singular)
neudōþ (present singular third-person)
neudōdē (past singular third-person)
neudōdā (past singular third-person)
neudōm (first-person plural present)
neudōdum (first-person past plural)
neudōþ (plural present second-person)
neudōdud (past plural second-person)
neudōnþ (plural present third-person)
neudōdun (past plural third-person)
neudōdī (first-person past singular)
neudōdī (past second-person singular)
neudō (present singular third-person)
neudōdī (past singular third-person)
neudōdīm (first-person past plural)
neudōdīd (past plural second-person)
neudōn (plural present third-person)
neudōdīn (past plural third-person)
neudō (present singular)
neudōþ (plural present)
neudōndī (participle present)
neudōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: nēodian
Middle English: neden, nede, niede
Yola: ee-naate (ppl)

Old Saxon: niudōn

Old Dutch: niedon
Middle Dutch: nieden

Old High German: niotōn

Middle High German: nieten


auþmōdīgōn

auþmōdīgōn (infinitive)
auþmōdīgōnijas (genitive infinitive)
auþmōdīgōnijē (dative infinitive)
auþmōdīgōniju (infinitive instrumental)
auþmōdīgō (first-person present singular)
auþmōdīgōdā (first-person past singular)
auþmōdīgōs (present second-person singular)
auþmōdīgōdēs (past second-person singular)
auþmōdīgōdōs (past second-person singular)
auþmōdīgōþ (present singular third-person)
auþmōdīgōdē (past singular third-person)
auþmōdīgōdā (past singular third-person)
auþmōdīgōm (first-person plural present)
auþmōdīgōdum (first-person past plural)
auþmōdīgōþ (plural present second-person)
auþmōdīgōdud (past plural second-person)
auþmōdīgōnþ (plural present third-person)
auþmōdīgōdun (past plural third-person)
auþmōdīgōdī (first-person past singular)
auþmōdīgōdī (past second-person singular)
auþmōdīgō (present singular third-person)
auþmōdīgōdī (past singular third-person)
auþmōdīgōdīm (first-person past plural)
auþmōdīgōdīd (past plural second-person)
auþmōdīgōn (plural present third-person)
auþmōdīgōdīn (past plural third-person)
auþmōdīgō (present singular)
auþmōdīgōþ (plural present)
auþmōdīgōndī (participle present)
auþmōdīgōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *ōthmōdigōn

Middle Low German: ōtmȫdigen

⇒ Old Saxon: giōthmōdigōn

Old High German: ōdmuotigōn

desc

Middle High German: ōtmüetigen, ōtmuotigen


sairattjan

sairattjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
sairattjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
sairattjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
sairattjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
sairattju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
sairattā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sairatisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
sairattēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sairattōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sairatiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
sairattē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sairattā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sairattjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
sairattum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sairatiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
sairattud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
sairattjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
sairattun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sairattjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
sairattī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sairattjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
sairattī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sairattjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
sairattī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sairattjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
sairattīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sairattjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
sairattīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
sairattjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
sairattīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sairati (class-1 present singular weak)
sairatiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
sairattjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
sairatt (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: sārettan

Old High German: sērazzen, sērezzen

Middle High German: sērezen

From Proto-Germanic *sairatjaną, equivalent to *sair + *-attjan.


sairanassī

sairanassī (nominative singular)
sairanassīn (accusative singular)
sairanassīn (genitive singular)
sairanassīn (dative singular)
sairanassīn (instrumental singular)

Old English: sārness

Middle English: sarnesse, sornesse

English: soreness

Scots: sarenes, sairnes

Old Frisian: sērnisse, sērnesse

Old Saxon: *sērenissi, *sērenussi

Middle Low German: sêrenisse, sêrnisse


sairag

sairag (masculine nominative singular)
sairagu (feminine nominative singular)
sairag (neuter nominative singular)
sairaganā (accusative masculine singular)
sairagā (accusative feminine singular)
sairag (accusative neuter singular)
sairagas (genitive masculine singular)
sairageʀā (feminine genitive singular)
sairagas (genitive neuter singular)
sairagumē (dative masculine singular)
sairageʀē (dative feminine singular)
sairagumē (dative neuter singular)
sairagu (instrumental masculine singular)
sairageʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
sairagu (instrumental neuter singular)
sairagē (masculine nominative plural)
sairagō (feminine nominative plural)
sairagu (neuter nominative plural)
sairagā (accusative masculine plural)
sairagā (accusative feminine plural)
sairagu (accusative neuter plural)
sairageʀō (genitive masculine plural)
sairageʀō (feminine genitive plural)
sairageʀō (genitive neuter plural)
sairagēm (dative masculine plural)
sairagum (dative masculine plural)
sairagēm (dative feminine plural)
sairagum (dative feminine plural)
sairagēm (dative neuter plural)
sairagum (dative neuter plural)
sairagēm (instrumental masculine plural)
sairagum (instrumental masculine plural)
sairagēm (feminine instrumental plural)
sairagum (feminine instrumental plural)
sairagēm (instrumental neuter plural)
sairagum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: *sāreġ, sāriġ, soriġ

Middle English: sari, sory

Scots: sary, sairie

English: sorry

→ Dutch: sorry

→ German: sorry

Old Frisian: sērich, *sārich

Saterland Frisian: seerich

West Frisian: searich

Old Saxon: sērag

Middle Low German: sêrich

Low German: serig

Old Dutch: *sērag

Middle Dutch: sērich, seerigh

Dutch: zerig

Old High German: sērag

Middle High German: sērec, sērig

German: sehrig, sērich (dialectal)

From Proto-Germanic *sairagaz, equivalent to *sair + *-g.


hlunni

hlunni (nominative singular)
hlunnī (nominative plural)
hlunni (accusative singular)
hlunnī (accusative plural)
hlunnī (genitive singular)
hlunnijō (genitive plural)
hlunnī (dative singular)
hlunnim (dative plural)
hlunnijum (dative plural)
hlunnī (instrumental singular)
hlunnim (instrumental plural)
hlunnijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hlynn (“torrent”), hlyn

⇒ Old English: hlynrian

⇒ Old English: hlynsian

Old Saxon: *hlunn, *hlunni

⇒ Old Saxon: gihlunn (“din, roar”)

Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Germanic *hlunniz, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱl̥nów-is ~ *ḱln̥w-éy-s, from *ḱl̥néwti (“to be listening”), related to *hleuþr (“noise”), *hlūd (“loud”).


fiþulā

fiþulā (nominative singular)
fiþulōn (nominative plural)
fiþulōn (accusative singular)
fiþulōn (accusative plural)
fiþulōn (genitive singular)
fiþulōnō (genitive plural)
fiþulōn (dative singular)
fiþulōm (dative plural)
fiþulum (dative plural)
fiþulōn (instrumental singular)
fiþulōm (instrumental plural)
fiþulum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: *fiþele
Middle English: fithele, fedele, fedle, fethele, ffythil, ffythele, fieþle, fithel, fiþele, fydell, phetele, phethele, viþele
English: fiddle (dialectal feddle)
→ Swahili: fidla
Scots: fiddle
Yola: videl
→ Irish: fidil
→ Scottish Gaelic: fìdheall

Old Frisian: *fithele, *fidele

Saterland Frisian: Fiedel

West Frisian: fidel, fitel

⇒ West Frisian: fiteltsje

Old Saxon: *fithala

desc

Middle Low German: vedele, vēdele, veddele, viddele, veddel, viddel

German Low German: Fiedel

Plautdietsch: Fiddel

Old Dutch: *fithela

Middle Dutch: vedele, viedele, vedel

archaic <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">veel</i>

Dutch: vedel (archaic veel)

Old High German: fidala, fidula

Middle High German: videle, fidele, fidel

Central Franconian: Fedel, Fiddel

desctree

German: Fiedel
→ Lower Sorbian: fidle
→ Polish: fidel

Rhine Franconian: Fidel

Pennsylvania German: Fiedel

Yiddish: פֿידל (fidl)

→? Late Latin: vitula, vidula (possibly) (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Germanic *fiþulǭ, of uncertain ultimate origin. It is unclear if Late Latin vitula is the origin or a borrowing of the Germanic term.


flagil

flagil (nominative singular)
flagilō (nominative plural)
flagilōs (nominative plural)
flagil (accusative singular)
flagilā (accusative plural)
flagilas (genitive singular)
flagilō (genitive plural)
flagilē (dative singular)
flagilum (dative plural)
flagilu (instrumental singular)
flagilum (instrumental plural)

Old English: fliġel
Middle English: fleyl, flaell, flayl, flayle, flayll, fleel, fleȝȝl, fleil, fleyle
English: flail (dialectal frail)
Scots: flail
Yola: vleal

Old Frisian: fleil, flail m; fleile, flaile f

North Frisian:

Föhr-Amrum: flaiel, flailer

Helgoland: Vlaien

Mooring and Sylt:

Mooring: floil

Sylt: Flail

Wiedingharde:

Emsbull: flöiel

Rodenäs: floil, floi

Saterland Frisian: Floaine

West Frisian: fleil, flaaiel

Old Saxon: flegil

Middle Low German: vlegel, plegel

Low German: Flegel

Plautdietsch: Fläajel

→ Danish: plejl

→ North Frisian:

Halligen: fläägel

→ Saterland Frisian: Flägel

Old Dutch: *flegil

Middle Dutch: vlegel, vleil

Dutch: vlegel
Afrikaans: vleël

Limburgish: vlegel

West Flemish: fleil

→ Old Frisian: flēgel

desc

West Frisian: fleagel, flegel (Hindeloopen, Schiermonnikoog)

desctree

Old High German: flegil
Middle High German: vlegel, pflegel
Alemannic German: Pflegel
Alsatian: Flejl
Central Franconian: Fleel, Fliel
Hunsrik: Fleghel
German: Flegel, Pflegel (archaic)
East Franconian: Flechl, Flegl, Fleichl
Luxembourgish: Fléiwel, Fleel, Fléiel
Rhine Franconian: Flejel
Hessian: Fleel, Flechl, Fleschl
Palatine German: Fleel, Flechel, Flejel, Fliel
Vilamovian: fłygel

Origin disputed. Most sources state the term is most likely borrowed from Latin flagellum (“flail, small whip”).
Alternatively, and perhaps less likely, the term is possibly a native formation inherited from Proto-Germanic *flagilaz, from the verb Proto-Germanic *flahaną (“to skin, flay”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂g-, *pleh₂k- (“to beat, strike”), from *pel- (“to beat, push”) + *-ilaz (masculine agent suffix); related to Proto-Germanic *flagǭ (“a blow, strike, hit”), *flōkaną (“to beat, strike”), *flakkōną (“to beat”), and therefore distantly related to English flag, flack. For an example of another term previously considered to be derived from the Latin due to coincidental semblance of form and meaning, see English pluck.

cog

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache


watarweg

watarweg (nominative singular)
watarwegō (nominative plural)
watarwegōs (nominative plural)
watarweg (accusative singular)
watarwegā (accusative plural)
watarwegas (genitive singular)
watarwegō (genitive plural)
watarwegē (dative singular)
watarwegum (dative plural)
watarwegu (instrumental singular)
watarwegum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wæterweġ

Middle English: waterwey

English: waterway

Old Frisian: weterwei

Saterland Frisian: Woaterwai

West Frisian: wetterwei

Old Saxon: *watarweg

Middle Low German: waterwech, wāterwech

Low German: Waterweg

→ Danish: vandvej (calque)

→ Swedish: vattenväg (calque)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: vannvei (calque)

→? Dutch: waterweg

Afrikaans: waterweg

Old High German: *wazzarweg

Middle High German: wazzerwec

German: Wasserweg


tēgulā

tēgulā (nominative singular)
tēgulōn (nominative plural)
tēgulōn (accusative singular)
tēgulōn (accusative plural)
tēgulōn (genitive singular)
tēgulōnō (genitive plural)
tēgulōn (dative singular)
tēgulōm (dative plural)
tēgulum (dative plural)
tēgulōn (instrumental singular)
tēgulōm (instrumental plural)
tēgulum (instrumental plural)

Readjustment under the influence of Latin tēgula.

Alternative form of *tigulā (“tile, brick”)


frijōdil

frijōdil (nominative singular)
frijōdilō (nominative plural)
frijōdilōs (nominative plural)
frijōdil (accusative singular)
frijōdilā (accusative plural)
frijōdilas (genitive singular)
frijōdilō (genitive plural)
frijōdilē (dative singular)
frijōdilum (dative plural)
frijōdilu (instrumental singular)
frijōdilum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: friūdel, friūdelf, frūdelf

desctree

Old Saxon: friuthil
Middle Low German: vrîdel, vrēdel, vridel

Old Dutch: *friuthil, *frūthil

Middle Dutch: vriedel

⇒ Old Dutch: frūthilo

Old High German: friudil

Middle High German: vriedel (merged with descendant of fridil)

Middle High German: Friedel


habrō

habrō (nominative singular)
habran (nominative plural)
habran (accusative singular)
habran (accusative plural)
habrini (genitive singular)
habran (genitive singular)
habranō (genitive plural)
habrini (dative singular)
habran (dative singular)
habrum (dative plural)
habrini (instrumental singular)
habran (instrumental singular)
habrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *hæfera

Old Frisian: *havera; *haver, *hever

North Frisian:

Föhr-Amrum: heewer

Helgoland: Heewer

Mooring: hääwer

Wiedingharde: hääwer

East Frisian:

Harlingerland Frisian: heffer

Saterland Frisian: Hoawer, Heeuwer

Wangerooge Frisian: hüvvër, hǘvër

West Frisian: hjouwer

Schiermonnikoog: jeeuwer, jeeuwre

Old Saxon: habaro, havaro

Middle Low German: hāvere, hāver

German Low German: Haver, Hafer, Hawer

→ German: Hafer

Plautdietsch: Howa

Old Dutch: *havaro

Middle Dutch: havere

Dutch: haver
Afrikaans: hawer
Jersey Dutch: hâver
→⇒ English: haversack
→ Papiamentu: haver
→ West Frisian: haver (dialectal)

Old High German: habaro
Middle High German: habere, haber
Cimbrian: habarn pl
German: Haber
Luxembourgish: Huewer
Yiddish: האָבער (hober)


kirnijā

kirnijā (nominative singular)
kirnijōn (nominative plural)
kirnijōn (accusative singular)
kirnijōn (accusative plural)
kirnijōn (genitive singular)
kirnijōnō (genitive plural)
kirnijōn (dative singular)
kirnijōm (dative plural)
kirnijum (dative plural)
kirnijōn (instrumental singular)
kirnijōm (instrumental plural)
kirnijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ċirin, ċyrin

Middle English: chyrne, cherine, cherne, cheyrne, chirne, kirne, kyrn, kyrne
English: churn, kern
Scots: kirn, kern, kurn, curn

Old Frisian: *tzerne

North Frisian:

Föhr-Amrum: saaren

Halligen: seern

Karrharde: scharn

Mooring: scharn

Wiedingharde: scharn

East Frisian:

Saterland Frisian: Säddene

Wangerooge Frisian: sjënn

West Frisian: tsjerne

Hindeloopen: serne

Schiermonnikoog: tjen

Old Saxon:

Middle Low German: kerne, kirne, karne

Low German: Karne

→ German: Karn, Kirne, Kerne

→ Latvian: ķērne

Old Dutch:

Middle Dutch: kerne, keerne

Dutch: karn

Afrikaans: karring

→ Walloon: serene

From Proto-Germanic *kirnijǭ (“a churn”).


baitil

baitil (nominative singular)
baitilō (nominative plural)
baitilōs (nominative plural)
baitil (accusative singular)
baitilā (accusative plural)
baitilas (genitive singular)
baitilō (genitive plural)
baitilē (dative singular)
baitilum (dative plural)
baitilu (instrumental singular)
baitilum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *bētel

Saterland Frisian: Betel

West Frisian: beitel

Old Saxon: *bētil

Middle Low German: bêtel, beitel

German Low German: Beitel

Old Dutch: *bētil

Middle Dutch: betel, beitel

Dutch: beitel

Old High German: *beizil

Middle High German: beizel

German: Beißel

From Proto-Germanic *baitilaz, equivalent to *baitan + *-il.


trappā

trappā (nominative singular)
trappōn (nominative plural)
trappōn (accusative singular)
trappōn (accusative plural)
trappōn (genitive singular)
trappōnō (genitive plural)
trappōn (dative singular)
trappōm (dative plural)
trappum (dative plural)
trappōn (instrumental singular)
trappōm (instrumental plural)
trappum (instrumental plural)

desc

>? Old English: træppe, treppe (“trap, snare”)

Middle English: trappe
English: trap

Old Frisian: trappe

Saterland Frisian: trappe

West Frisian: trep, treppe

Old Saxon: *trappa

Middle Low German: trappe, treppe

German Low German: Trappe, Trapp

→ Estonian: trepp

→ Danish: trappe

→ Faroese: trappa

→ Icelandic: trappa

→ Norwegian: tropp

→ Old Swedish: trapa, trappa

desctree

Swedish: trappa
→ Finnish: rappu
→ Ingrian: trappu (from earlier trappu)

Old Dutch: *trappa

Middle Dutch: trap, trappe

Dutch: trap
Afrikaans: trap
Berbice Creole Dutch: trapu
Jersey Dutch: trāp
Negerhollands: trap
→ Indonesian: terap
→ Japanese: タラップ (tarappu)
→ Lokono: taráfo
→ Russian: трап (trap)
→ Sranan Tongo: trapu, trappo
→ Aukan: taapu
→ Kari'na: tarapu
→ Warao: tarabha, taraja

Old High German: trappa

Middle High German: treppe, trappe

Alemannic German: Treppe

Swabian: Treppa

German: Treppe

desc

→ Medieval Latin: trappa, trapa (“trap, pit”) [1080] (see there for further descendants)

Possibly related to Proto-Indo-European *drem- (“to run”).


bautō

bautō (nominative singular)
bautan (nominative plural)
bautan (accusative singular)
bautan (accusative plural)
bautini (genitive singular)
bautan (genitive singular)
bautanō (genitive plural)
bautini (dative singular)
bautan (dative singular)
bautum (dative plural)
bautini (instrumental singular)
bautan (instrumental singular)
bautum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: bōto

Middle Low German: bôte

⇒ Middle Low German: bö̂teken, bö̂tken

Old High German: bōzo

Middle High German: bōze

German: Bosse

→ Old French: boton, bouton

Middle French: boton, bouton

French: bouton

→ Romanian: buton

→ Italian: bottone

→ Spanish: botón

→ Portuguese: botão

→ Middle English: botoun

English: button

Scots: button

that which pushes up or is raised; bump, knob


sālijan

sālijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
sālijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
sālijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
sālijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
sāliju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
sālidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sālisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
sālidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sālidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sāliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
sālidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sālidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sālijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
sālidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sāliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
sālidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
sālijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
sālidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sālijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
sālidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sālijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
sālidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sālijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
sālidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sālijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
sālidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sālijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
sālidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
sālijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
sālidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sāli (class-1 present singular weak)
sāliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
sālijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
sālid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: sǣlan

From Proto-Germanic *sēlijaną. Equivalent to *sālī + *-jan.


saddjan

saddjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
saddjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
saddjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
saddjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
saddju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
saddā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sadisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
saddēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
saddōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sadiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
saddē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
saddā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
saddjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
saddum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sadiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
saddud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
saddjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
saddun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
saddjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
saddī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
saddjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
saddī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
saddjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
saddī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
saddjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
saddīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
saddjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
saddīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
saddjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
saddīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sadi (class-1 present singular weak)
sadiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
saddjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
sadd (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *sedian

Middle Low German: sēden

Old Dutch: *seden

Middle Dutch: sēden

Old High German: *setten

Middle High German: seten, setten

From Proto-Germanic *sadjaną. Equivalent to *sad + *-jan.


sōmijan

sōmijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
sōmijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
sōmijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
sōmijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
sōmiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
sōmidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sōmisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
sōmidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sōmidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sōmiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
sōmidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sōmidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sōmijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
sōmidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sōmiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
sōmidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
sōmijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
sōmidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sōmijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
sōmidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sōmijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
sōmidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sōmijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
sōmidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sōmijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
sōmidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sōmijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
sōmidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
sōmijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
sōmidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sōmi (class-1 present singular weak)
sōmiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
sōmijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
sōmid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: sēman
Middle English: semen, seme, semi

From Proto-Germanic *sōmijaną. Equivalent to *sōmī + *-jan.


skardijan

skardijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
skardijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
skardijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
skardijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
skardiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skardidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skardisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skardidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skardidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skardiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skardidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skardidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skardijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skardidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skardiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skardidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skardijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skardidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skardijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skardidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skardijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skardidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skardijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skardidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skardijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skardidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skardijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skardidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skardijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skardidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skardi (class-1 present singular weak)
skardiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
skardijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
skardid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: sċierdan

>? Old Dutch: *skerden

>? Middle Dutch: scherden (meaning 'to decide')

Old High German: skerten

Middle High German: scherten

From Proto-Germanic *skardijaną. Equivalent to *skard + *-jan.


stuþþjan

stuþþjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
stuþþjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
stuþþjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
stuþþjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
stuþþju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stuþidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stuþisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stuþidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stuþidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stuþiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stuþidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stuþidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stuþþjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stuþidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stuþiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stuþidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stuþþjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stuþidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stuþþjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stuþidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stuþþjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stuþidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stuþþjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stuþidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stuþþjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stuþidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stuþþjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stuþidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stuþþjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stuþidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stuþi (class-1 present singular weak)
stuþiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
stuþþjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
stuþid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old High German: studden, studen

Middle High German: stüden

From Proto-Germanic *stuþjaną. Equivalent to *stuþ (“support, prop, post”) + *-jan.


kūsiju

kūsiju (nominative singular)
kūsijō (nominative plural)
kūsijā (accusative singular)
kūsijā (accusative plural)
kūsijā (genitive singular)
kūsijō (genitive plural)
kūsijē (dative singular)
kūsijōm (dative plural)
kūsijum (dative plural)
kūsiju (instrumental singular)
kūsijōm (instrumental plural)
kūsijum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: kēse

West Frisian: kies

→ Middle Dutch: kiese

Dutch: kies
→ Papiamentu: kis, kies

Old Saxon: *kūsa

Middle Low German: kûse

Low German: kuze, kuus


wātijan

wātijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
wātijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
wātijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
wātijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
wātiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wātidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wātisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wātidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wātidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wātiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wātidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wātidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wātijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wātidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wātiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wātidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wātijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wātidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wātijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wātidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wātijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wātidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wātijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wātidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wātijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wātidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wātijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wātidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wātijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wātidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wāti (class-1 present singular weak)
wātiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
wātijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
wātid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: wǣtan
Middle English: weten
English: wet
Scots: wete, weit
⇒ Middle English: wett, iwett, ywett (ppt)
English: wet
Scots: wat

Old Frisian: wēta

From Proto-Germanic *wētijaną. Equivalent to *wāt (“wet”) + *-jan.


taumijan

taumijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
taumijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
taumijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
taumijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
taumiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
taumidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
taumisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
taumidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
taumidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
taumiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
taumidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
taumidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
taumijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
taumidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
taumiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
taumidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
taumijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
taumidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
taumijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
taumidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
taumijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
taumidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
taumijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
taumidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
taumijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
taumidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
taumijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
taumidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
taumijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
taumidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
taumi (class-1 present singular weak)
taumiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
taumijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
taumid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: tēman, tȳman, tīeman

Middle English: temen

English: teem

Old Frisian: *tēma

West Frisian: teamme, teamje

Old Saxon: *tōmian

Middle Low German: tomen, tö̂men

German Low German: tomen

Old Dutch: *tōmen

Middle Dutch: tômen

Dutch: tomen

Old High German: *zoumen

Middle High German: zöumen, zoumen

German: zäumen

From Proto-Germanic *taumijaną. Equivalent to *taum (“tie, leash, bridle”) + *-jan.


hringijā

hringijā (nominative singular)
hringijōn (nominative plural)
hringijōn (accusative singular)
hringijōn (accusative plural)
hringijōn (genitive singular)
hringijōnō (genitive plural)
hringijōn (dative singular)
hringijōm (dative plural)
hringijum (dative plural)
hringijōn (instrumental singular)
hringijōm (instrumental plural)
hringijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hrinġe
Middle English: ring, rynge, renge (merged with descendant of hring)
English: ring
Scots: ring

Old Saxon: hringa

Middle Low German: rinke

Old High German: ringa

Middle High German: ringge, rinke

German: Rinke


swinþijan

swinþijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
swinþijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
swinþijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
swinþijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
swinþiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
swinþidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
swinþisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
swinþidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swinþidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swinþiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
swinþidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swinþidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swinþijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
swinþidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
swinþiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
swinþidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
swinþijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
swinþidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
swinþijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
swinþidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
swinþijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
swinþidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swinþijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
swinþidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swinþijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
swinþidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
swinþijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
swinþidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
swinþijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
swinþidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
swinþi (class-1 present singular weak)
swinþiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
swinþijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
swinþid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: swīþan

From Proto-Germanic *swinþijaną. Equivalent to *swinþ (“strong”) + *-jan.


spraidijan

spraidijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
spraidijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
spraidijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
spraidijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
spraidiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
spraididā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
spraidisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
spraididēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spraididōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spraidiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
spraididē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spraididā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spraidijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
spraididum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
spraidiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
spraididud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
spraidijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
spraididun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
spraidijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
spraididī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
spraidijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
spraididī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spraidijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
spraididī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spraidijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
spraididīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
spraidijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
spraididīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
spraidijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
spraididīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
spraidi (class-1 present singular weak)
spraidiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
spraidijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
spraidid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: sprǣdan
Middle English: spreden
English: spread
Scots: spreid

Old Frisian: *sprēda

North Frisian: spriedjen

Saterland Frisian: spreede

West Frisian: spriede

Old Saxon: *sprēdian

Middle Low German: sprêden)

Low German: spreden

→ Norwegian: spre, spreia

Old Dutch: *spreiden, *sprēden

Middle Dutch: spreiden, sprêden

Dutch: spreiden

Afrikaans: sprei

Old High German: spreiten

Middle High German: spreiten

Alemannic German: spräite

German: spreiten

From Proto-Germanic *spraidijaną. A causative verb to *sprīþan.


stankwijan

stankwijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
stankwijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
stankwijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
stankwijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
stankwiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stankwidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stankwisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stankwidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stankwidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stankwiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stankwidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stankwidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stankwijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stankwidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stankwiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stankwidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stankwijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stankwidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stankwijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stankwidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stankwijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stankwidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stankwijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stankwidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stankwijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stankwidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stankwijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stankwidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stankwijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stankwidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stankwi (class-1 present singular weak)
stankwiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
stankwijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
stankwid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: stenċan

Middle English: stenchen, stenche
English: stench (obsolete)

Old Saxon: *stenkian

Middle Low German: stenken

Old High German: stenken

Middle High German: stenken

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *stankwijaną. A causative formation to the strong verb *stinkwan.


stammijan

stammijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
stammijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
stammijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
stammijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
stammiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stammidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stammisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stammidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stammidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stammiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stammidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stammidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stammijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stammidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stammiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stammidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stammijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stammidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stammijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stammidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stammijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stammidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stammijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stammidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stammijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stammidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stammijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stammidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stammijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stammidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stammi (class-1 present singular weak)
stammiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
stammijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
stammid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *stemman

Middle English: stemmen

English: stem

⇒ Old English: forstemman

Old Saxon: *stemmian

Middle Low German: stemmen

Old Dutch: *stemmen

Middle Dutch: stemmen

Dutch: stemmen

Old High German: *stemmen

Middle High German: stemmen

German: stemmen

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *stammijaną.


bikārī

bikārī (nominative singular)
bikārijō (nominative plural)
bikārijōs (nominative plural)
bikārī (accusative singular)
bikārijā (accusative plural)
bikārijas (genitive singular)
bikārijō (genitive plural)
bikārijē (dative singular)
bikārijum (dative plural)
bikāriju (instrumental singular)
bikārijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *biker

Middle English: biker, byker, bekyr (or borrowed from Old Norse)

English: beaker

Scots: bicker

Old Frisian: *biker, *beker

Saterland Frisian: Bieker

North Frisian: baager

West Frisian: beker

Old Saxon: bikeri, *bekari

Middle Low German: bēker

→ Old Norse: bikarr
Icelandic: bikar
Faroese: bikar
Norwegian Nynorsk: bikar, bekar; (dialectal) bekare
Old Swedish: bikare
Swedish: bägare
→ Finnish: pikari
→ Ingrian: pikkaari
→ Karelian: pikari
→ Votic: pikari
Danish: bæger
Norwegian Bokmål: beger
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: beger
→ North Frisian: baager
→ Middle English: biker, beker (partially from Middle Dutch)
English: beaker
Scots: bikker, bicker

Old Dutch: *becari

Middle Dutch: bēker

Dutch: beker
Afrikaans: beker
Negerhollands: beeker
→ Indonesian: beker
→ Papiamentu: beker
→ Sranan Tongo: beiker
→ Caribbean Javanese: bèker

→ Middle English: beker, biker (partially from Old Norse)

English: beaker

Scots: bikker, bicker

desc

Old High German: behhari, pehhari, behhar

Middle High German: becher, bechāre, pechāre

desctree

German: Becher
→ French: bécher
→ Italian: becher

Luxembourgish: Becher

Mòcheno: bikera

→ Lower Sorbian: bjachaŕ

→ Upper Sorbian: bjechaŕ

Yiddish: בעכער (bekher)

→ Bulgarian: пахар (pahar)

→ Hungarian: pohár
→ Polish: puchar
→ Romanian: pahar
→ Slovak: pohár
→ Czech: pohár

→ Macedonian: пехар (pehar)

→ Russian: пахирь (paxirʹ)

→ Serbo-Croatian: pehar
→ Albanian: pehar

Borrowed from Late Latin bīcārium (“drinking glass”).


tarbijan

tarbijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
tarbijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
tarbijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
tarbijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
tarbiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tarbidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tarbisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tarbidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tarbidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tarbiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tarbidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tarbidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tarbijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tarbidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tarbiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tarbidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tarbijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tarbidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tarbijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tarbidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tarbijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tarbidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tarbijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tarbidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tarbijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tarbidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tarbijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tarbidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tarbijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tarbidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tarbi (class-1 present singular weak)
tarbiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
tarbijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
tarbid (class-1 participle past weak)

desc

Old English: *tierfan, *tyrfan, *tyrfian

Middle English: tirven, tyrven, terven

English: terve

⇒ English: tervy

⇒ English: topsy-turvy

Scots: tirvie

⇒ Middle English: overterven, overtarven

Scots: overtirve, ourtirve

⇒ Middle English: tyrf, tyrfe

English: tirfe

⇒ Old English: ġetyrfan, ġetyrfian

Old High German: zerben

Middle High German: zirben

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *tarbijaną.


diupī

diupī (nominative singular)
diupīn (accusative singular)
diupīn (genitive singular)
diupīn (dative singular)
diupīn (instrumental singular)

Old Dutch: diupi

Old Saxon: diupi

Middle Low German: dēpe

desctree

Old High German: tiufī, tiufe, tiufīn
Middle High German: tiufe, tiefe
Alemannic German: Tüüfi, Tieffi
German: Tiefe (obsolete Teufe)
Rhine Franconian:
Palatine German: Dief, Tief
Vilamovian: tif

From Proto-Germanic *diupį̄ (“depth”). Equivalent to *deup (“deep”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).


fullī

fullī (nominative singular)
fullīn (accusative singular)
fullīn (genitive singular)
fullīn (dative singular)
fullīn (instrumental singular)

desctree

Old English: fyllu, fyll, fyllo
Middle English: fille, fell, felle, fil, fill, fyll, fylle; fulle, ffolle, folle, ful, volle, vulle
English: fill; full
Scots: full, fou
Yola: vill

Old Saxon: *fulli

Middle Low German: vulle, vülle

German Low German: Füll

Old High German: fullī, follī, vollī — by analogy with foll
Middle High German: vülle, völle
Alemannic German: Fülli, Völli
German: Fülle, Völle

From Proto-Germanic *fullį̄ (“fullness”). Equivalent to *full (“full”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).


halhuk

halhuk (nominative singular)
halhukō (nominative plural)
halhukōs (nominative plural)
halhuk (accusative singular)
halhukā (accusative plural)
halhukas (genitive singular)
halhukō (genitive plural)
halhukē (dative singular)
halhukum (dative plural)
halhuku (instrumental singular)
halhukum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: healoc
Middle English: halk, halke

Old Saxon: *halhuk, *halahuk

Middle Low German: hallik


slaut

slaut (nominative singular)
slautō (nominative plural)
slautōs (nominative plural)
slaut (accusative singular)
slautā (accusative plural)
slautas (genitive singular)
slautō (genitive plural)
slautē (dative singular)
slautum (dative plural)
slautu (instrumental singular)
slautum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: slāt

North Frisian:

Sylt: Sluat

Saterland Frisian: Sloot

West Frisian: sleat

→ Dutch: slat (dialectal)

Old Dutch: *slōt

Middle Dutch: slôot, slôte

Dutch: sloot
Afrikaans: sloot
→ English: sloot

Old Saxon: *slōt

Middle Low German: slôt

German Low German: Sloot

Westphalian: Sluat

Uncertain; possibly related to *sleutan (“to lock, close”), compare symantics of *pundu (“enclosure (for animals, water); lock”), whence English pond. Alternately, related to *slautijā (“hail”).


slautijā

slautijā (nominative singular)
slautijōn (nominative plural)
slautijōn (accusative singular)
slautijōn (accusative plural)
slautijōn (genitive singular)
slautijōnō (genitive plural)
slautijōn (dative singular)
slautijōm (dative plural)
slautijum (dative plural)
slautijōn (instrumental singular)
slautijōm (instrumental plural)
slautijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *slīete, *slēte

Middle English: slete, sleet, slet, sleth, slethe
English: sleet

Old Saxon: *slōtia

Middle Low German: slö̂te

German Low German: Slöten, Sloot

Old High German: *slōza

q

Middle High German: slôz m, slôze f (either from a byform *slautā or a back-formation from plural *slœzzen)

Alemannic German:

Alsatian: Schloss

Central Franconian: Schluß

Hunsrik: Schlos

Transylvanian Saxon: Schloße

East Central German: Schlooßen

German: Schloße, Schloßen (dialectal)

Luxembourgish: Schlouss

Rhine Franconian: Schloß

desc

Palatine German: Schloß, Schloße, Schlouße

Pennsylvania German: Schlooss

From Proto-Germanic *slautijǭ (compare Gutnish sloyta) of unclear origin, but probably related to *slaut.


sandastain

sandastain (nominative singular)
sandastainō (nominative plural)
sandastainōs (nominative plural)
sandastain (accusative singular)
sandastainā (accusative plural)
sandastainas (genitive singular)
sandastainō (genitive plural)
sandastainē (dative singular)
sandastainum (dative plural)
sandastainu (instrumental singular)
sandastainum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: *sandstān
Middle English: *sandstan, sandston
English: sandstone
Scots: sandstane

Old Frisian: *sandstēn, *sondstēn

North Frisian:

Amrum: Sunstian

Saterland Frisian: Soundsteen

West Frisian: sânstien

Old Saxon: *sandstēn

Middle Low German: sandstên, sandstein

German Low German: Sandsteen

→ Danish: sandsten (calque)

→ Swedish: sandsten (calque)

→ Norwegian: sandsten (calque)

→ Icelandic: sandsteinn (calque)

Old Dutch: *sandstēn

Middle Dutch: santsteen

Dutch: zandsteen
Afrikaans: sandsteen

Limburgish: zandjsjtein

Old High German: santstein

Middle High German: *santstein

Bavarian: Sandstoa

German: Sandstein

Luxembourgish: Sandsteen


brokkōn

brokkōn (infinitive)
brokkōnijas (genitive infinitive)
brokkōnijē (dative infinitive)
brokkōniju (infinitive instrumental)
brokkō (first-person present singular)
brokkōdā (first-person past singular)
brokkōs (present second-person singular)
brokkōdēs (past second-person singular)
brokkōdōs (past second-person singular)
brokkōþ (present singular third-person)
brokkōdē (past singular third-person)
brokkōdā (past singular third-person)
brokkōm (first-person plural present)
brokkōdum (first-person past plural)
brokkōþ (plural present second-person)
brokkōdud (past plural second-person)
brokkōnþ (plural present third-person)
brokkōdun (past plural third-person)
brokkōdī (first-person past singular)
brokkōdī (past second-person singular)
brokkō (present singular third-person)
brokkōdī (past singular third-person)
brokkōdīm (first-person past plural)
brokkōdīd (past plural second-person)
brokkōn (plural present third-person)
brokkōdīn (past plural third-person)
brokkō (present singular)
brokkōþ (plural present)
brokkōndī (participle present)
brokkōd (participle past)

Old English: brocian

Old Dutch: *brocken, *broken

Middle Dutch: brocken, brōken

Dutch: brokken, broken

Old High German: brohhōn, brokkōn

Middle High German: brocken

⇒ Middle High German: erbrochen

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *brukkōną. An iterative verb to the strong verb *brekan.


sakōn

sakōn (infinitive)
sakōnijas (genitive infinitive)
sakōnijē (dative infinitive)
sakōniju (infinitive instrumental)
sakō (first-person present singular)
sakōdā (first-person past singular)
sakōs (present second-person singular)
sakōdēs (past second-person singular)
sakōdōs (past second-person singular)
sakōþ (present singular third-person)
sakōdē (past singular third-person)
sakōdā (past singular third-person)
sakōm (first-person plural present)
sakōdum (first-person past plural)
sakōþ (plural present second-person)
sakōdud (past plural second-person)
sakōnþ (plural present third-person)
sakōdun (past plural third-person)
sakōdī (first-person past singular)
sakōdī (past second-person singular)
sakō (present singular third-person)
sakōdī (past singular third-person)
sakōdīm (first-person past plural)
sakōdīd (past plural second-person)
sakōn (plural present third-person)
sakōdīn (past plural third-person)
sakō (present singular)
sakōþ (plural present)
sakōndī (participle present)
sakōd (participle past)

Old English: sacian

Old Frisian: sekia

Old Saxon: sakōn

Middle Low German: sāken

Old Dutch: *sakon

Middle Dutch: sāken

Old High German: *sahhōn

Middle High German: sachen

From Proto-Germanic *sakōną, equivalent to *saku (“case, lawsuit, quarrel”) + *-ōn.


fōtōn

fōtōn (infinitive)
fōtōnijas (genitive infinitive)
fōtōnijē (dative infinitive)
fōtōniju (infinitive instrumental)
fōtō (first-person present singular)
fōtōdā (first-person past singular)
fōtōs (present second-person singular)
fōtōdēs (past second-person singular)
fōtōdōs (past second-person singular)
fōtōþ (present singular third-person)
fōtōdē (past singular third-person)
fōtōdā (past singular third-person)
fōtōm (first-person plural present)
fōtōdum (first-person past plural)
fōtōþ (plural present second-person)
fōtōdud (past plural second-person)
fōtōnþ (plural present third-person)
fōtōdun (past plural third-person)
fōtōdī (first-person past singular)
fōtōdī (past second-person singular)
fōtō (present singular third-person)
fōtōdī (past singular third-person)
fōtōdīm (first-person past plural)
fōtōdīd (past plural second-person)
fōtōn (plural present third-person)
fōtōdīn (past plural third-person)
fōtō (present singular)
fōtōþ (plural present)
fōtōndī (participle present)
fōtōd (participle past)

Old English: fōtian

Middle English: foten

English: foot

Old Saxon: *fōtōn

Middle Low German: vōten

Old Dutch: *fōton

Middle Dutch: voeten

Dutch: voeten

Old High German: *fuozōn

Middle High German: vuozen

German: fußen

Luxembourgish: foussen


leuhtōn

leuhtōn (infinitive)
leuhtōnijas (genitive infinitive)
leuhtōnijē (dative infinitive)
leuhtōniju (infinitive instrumental)
leuhtō (first-person present singular)
leuhtōdā (first-person past singular)
leuhtōs (present second-person singular)
leuhtōdēs (past second-person singular)
leuhtōdōs (past second-person singular)
leuhtōþ (present singular third-person)
leuhtōdē (past singular third-person)
leuhtōdā (past singular third-person)
leuhtōm (first-person plural present)
leuhtōdum (first-person past plural)
leuhtōþ (plural present second-person)
leuhtōdud (past plural second-person)
leuhtōnþ (plural present third-person)
leuhtōdun (past plural third-person)
leuhtōdī (first-person past singular)
leuhtōdī (past second-person singular)
leuhtō (present singular third-person)
leuhtōdī (past singular third-person)
leuhtōdīm (first-person past plural)
leuhtōdīd (past plural second-person)
leuhtōn (plural present third-person)
leuhtōdīn (past plural third-person)
leuhtō (present singular)
leuhtōþ (plural present)
leuhtōndī (participle present)
leuhtōd (participle past)

Old English: lēohtian

Middle English: lighten

English: light

Old Frisian: liāchtia

West Frisian: ljochtsje, ljochte

Old Saxon: *liohtōn

Middle Low German: lichten

Old Dutch: *liehton (possibly attested as liehten)

Middle Dutch: lichten

Dutch: lichten

Old High German: *liohtōn

Middle High German: liehten

German: lichten

From *leuht (“light (noun)”) + *-ōn or *leuht (“light (adjective)”) + *-ōn.


augālaus

augālaus (masculine nominative singular)
augālausu (feminine nominative singular)
augālaus (neuter nominative singular)
augālausanā (accusative masculine singular)
augālausā (accusative feminine singular)
augālaus (accusative neuter singular)
augālausas (genitive masculine singular)
augālauseʀā (feminine genitive singular)
augālausas (genitive neuter singular)
augālausumē (dative masculine singular)
augālauseʀē (dative feminine singular)
augālausumē (dative neuter singular)
augālausu (instrumental masculine singular)
augālauseʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
augālausu (instrumental neuter singular)
augālausē (masculine nominative plural)
augālausō (feminine nominative plural)
augālausu (neuter nominative plural)
augālausā (accusative masculine plural)
augālausā (accusative feminine plural)
augālausu (accusative neuter plural)
augālauseʀō (genitive masculine plural)
augālauseʀō (feminine genitive plural)
augālauseʀō (genitive neuter plural)
augālausēm (dative masculine plural)
augālausum (dative masculine plural)
augālausēm (dative feminine plural)
augālausum (dative feminine plural)
augālausēm (dative neuter plural)
augālausum (dative neuter plural)
augālausēm (instrumental masculine plural)
augālausum (instrumental masculine plural)
augālausēm (feminine instrumental plural)
augālausum (feminine instrumental plural)
augālausēm (instrumental neuter plural)
augālausum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: *ēagelēas

Middle English: eieles, eyles

English: eyeless

Scots: eeless

Old Frisian: *āgelās

West Frisian: eachleas

Old Dutch: *ōgelōs

Middle Dutch: ogeloos

Dutch: oogloos

West Flemish: oogeloos, oogenloos

Old High German: ougalōs

Middle High German: ougenlōs, ōgenlōs

German: augenlos


þurstijan

þurstijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
þurstijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
þurstijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
þurstijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
þurstiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
þurstidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
þurstisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
þurstidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þurstidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þurstiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
þurstidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þurstidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þurstijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
þurstidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
þurstiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
þurstidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
þurstijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
þurstidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
þurstijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
þurstidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
þurstijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
þurstidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þurstijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
þurstidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þurstijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
þurstidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
þurstijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
þurstidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
þurstijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
þurstidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
þursti (class-1 present singular weak)
þurstiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
þurstijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
þurstid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: þyrstan

Middle English: thirsten

English: thirst

Old Frisian:

q

>? West Frisian: toarstje, toarstgje (a class 2 verb, possibly a new formation)

Old Saxon: thurstian

Middle Low German: dörsten

Old Dutch: thursten

Middle Dutch: dorsten

Dutch: dorsten

Old High German: dursten

Middle High German: dürsten

German: dürsten

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *þurstijaną. Equivalent to *þurstu (“thirst”) + *-jan.


lammjan

lammjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
lammjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
lammjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
lammjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
lammju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
lamidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
lamisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
lamidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
lamidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
lamiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
lamidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
lamidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
lammjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
lamidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
lamiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
lamidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
lammjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
lamidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
lammjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
lamidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
lammjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
lamidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
lammjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
lamidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
lammjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
lamidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
lammjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
lamidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
lammjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
lamidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
lami (class-1 present singular weak)
lamiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
lammjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
lamid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: lemman, lemian

Middle English: lemen

Old Frisian: lemma, lamma

Old Saxon: *lemmian

Middle Low German: lemmen, lēmen

⇒ Old Saxon: bilemmian

Old Dutch: *lemmen

Middle Dutch: lemmen, lēmen

Dutch: lemmen (obsolete)

Old High German: lemmen

Middle High German: lemmen, lemen

German: lähmen

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *lamjaną. Equivalent to *lam + *-jan.


langijan

langijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
langijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
langijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
langijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
langiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
langidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
langisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
langidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
langidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
langiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
langidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
langidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
langijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
langidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
langiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
langidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
langijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
langidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
langijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
langidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
langijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
langidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
langijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
langidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
langijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
langidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
langijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
langidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
langijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
langidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
langi (class-1 present singular weak)
langiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
langijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
langid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: lengan

Middle English: lengen

English: linge

Scots: ling

Old Frisian: lendza

West Frisian: linge

Old Saxon: *lengian

Middle Low German: lengen

Old Dutch: *lengen

Middle Dutch: lengen, lingen

Dutch: lengen

Old High German: lengen

Middle High German: lengen

German: längen

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *langijaną. Equivalent to *lang (“long”) + *-jan.


landijan

landijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
landijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
landijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
landijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
landiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
landidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
landisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
landidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
landidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
landiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
landidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
landidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
landijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
landidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
landiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
landidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
landijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
landidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
landijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
landidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
landijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
landidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
landijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
landidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
landijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
landidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
landijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
landidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
landijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
landidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
landi (class-1 present singular weak)
landiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
landijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
landid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: lendan

desc

Middle English: lenden, leende, leind, lend, lende, lendyn, leynd, leynde, lyende, lynde

Old Frisian: *lenda

⇒ Old Frisian: onlenda, undlenda

Old Saxon: *lendian

Middle Low German: lenden

Old Dutch: *lenden

Middle Dutch: lenden

⇒ Middle Dutch: belenden

Dutch: belenden

Old High German: lenten

Middle High German: lenten, lenden, leinten

German: länden (obsolete)

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *landijaną. Equivalent to *land (“land”) + *-jan.


kampōn

kampōn (infinitive)
kampōnijas (genitive infinitive)
kampōnijē (dative infinitive)
kampōniju (infinitive instrumental)
kampō (first-person present singular)
kampōdā (first-person past singular)
kampōs (present second-person singular)
kampōdēs (past second-person singular)
kampōdōs (past second-person singular)
kampōþ (present singular third-person)
kampōdē (past singular third-person)
kampōdā (past singular third-person)
kampōm (first-person plural present)
kampōdum (first-person past plural)
kampōþ (plural present second-person)
kampōdud (past plural second-person)
kampōnþ (plural present third-person)
kampōdun (past plural third-person)
kampōdī (first-person past singular)
kampōdī (past second-person singular)
kampō (present singular third-person)
kampōdī (past singular third-person)
kampōdīm (first-person past plural)
kampōdīd (past plural second-person)
kampōn (plural present third-person)
kampōdīn (past plural third-person)
kampō (present singular)
kampōþ (plural present)
kampōndī (participle present)
kampōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: campian, compian
Middle English: campen
English: camp
Scots: camp

Old Frisian: kampia

Old Saxon: *kampōn

Middle Low German: kampen

Old Dutch: *kampon

Middle Dutch: campen

Dutch: kampen

From *kamp (“(battle)field; battle”) + *-ōn.


þebu

þebu (nominative singular)
þebō (nominative plural)
þebā (accusative singular)
þebā (accusative plural)
þebā (genitive singular)
þebō (genitive plural)
þebē (dative singular)
þebōm (dative plural)
þebum (dative plural)
þebu (instrumental singular)
þebōm (instrumental plural)
þebum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *þeofu

Middle English: theve, theyve
English: theave, thaive, thave

Old Frisian: *theve

North Frisian:

Amrum: seew

Föhr: teew

Sylt: Teew

⇒ Old Frisian: *thevek

North Frisian:

Amrum: seefk

Föhr: teefk

⇒ West Frisian: touke

Unknown; compare *þebōn (“to be heated”), but the semantic gap is hard to bridge.


Frankisk

Frankisk (masculine nominative singular)
Frankisku (feminine nominative singular)
Frankisk (neuter nominative singular)
Frankiskā (accusative feminine singular)
Frankisk (accusative neuter singular)
Frankiskas (genitive masculine singular)
Frankiskas (genitive neuter singular)
Frankisku (instrumental masculine)
Frankisku (instrumental neuter)
Frankiskē (masculine nominative plural)
Frankiskō (feminine nominative plural)
Frankisku (neuter nominative plural)
Frankiskā (accusative masculine plural)
Frankiskā (accusative feminine plural)
Frankisku (accusative neuter plural)

Old English: Frenċisċ
Middle English: Frenkysch, Frankisch, Franche, Frankyshe, Frensche, Frankish, Franssh, Frenssh, French
English: French, Frankish
Scots: Frensche, Frenche, Freinch

Old Frisian: *Frankisk

Saterland Frisian: fransk, Fransk

West Frisian: Frânsk

desc

Old Saxon: *Frankisk, *Frenkisk, frenkiski

Middle Low German: frenkisch, vrankisch, vrankesch, vranksch, vrankes, vrenkisch, vrenkesch, vrenksch

German Low German: fransk, fransch

→ Danish: fransk

→ Swedish: fransk

→ Norwegian: fransk

→ Icelandic: franska

Old Dutch: *Frankisk

Middle Dutch: francsch, vrancs, vrans

Dutch: fransch, frans

West Flemish: fransch

Old High German: *frankisc, frenkisk, frenkisc

Middle High German: vrenkisch, vreinkisch, vrensch, frenkisch, frensch

German: fränkisch


smalōn

smalōn (infinitive)
smalōnijas (genitive infinitive)
smalōnijē (dative infinitive)
smalōniju (infinitive instrumental)
smalō (first-person present singular)
smalōdā (first-person past singular)
smalōs (present second-person singular)
smalōdēs (past second-person singular)
smalōdōs (past second-person singular)
smalōþ (present singular third-person)
smalōdē (past singular third-person)
smalōdā (past singular third-person)
smalōm (first-person plural present)
smalōdum (first-person past plural)
smalōþ (plural present second-person)
smalōdud (past plural second-person)
smalōnþ (plural present third-person)
smalōdun (past plural third-person)
smalōdī (first-person past singular)
smalōdī (past second-person singular)
smalō (present singular third-person)
smalōdī (past singular third-person)
smalōdīm (first-person past plural)
smalōdīd (past plural second-person)
smalōn (plural present third-person)
smalōdīn (past plural third-person)
smalō (present singular)
smalōþ (plural present)
smalōndī (participle present)
smalōd (participle past)

Old English: smalian

Middle English: smalen

English: small

Old Frisian: smelia, smellia

Old Saxon: *smalōn

Middle Low German: smālen

Old Dutch: *smalon, *smallon

Middle Dutch: smālen, smallen

Dutch: smalen, smallen

Old High German: *smalōn

Middle High German: smalen, smaln


frafalihaidu

frafalihaidu (nominative singular)
frafalihaidiwi (nominative plural)
frafalihaidō (nominative plural)
frafalihaidu (accusative singular)
frafalihaidū (accusative plural)
frafalihaidō (genitive singular)
frafalihaidiwō (genitive plural)
frafalihaidiwi (dative singular)
frafalihaidō (dative singular)
frafalihaidum (dative plural)
frafalihaidu (instrumental singular)
frafalihaidum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: frevelhēd

Old Saxon: *fravalhēd

Middle Low German: vrêvelhêt, vrevelheit, wrevelhêt

German Low German: Frevelheid

Old Dutch: *fravalheid, *fravalheit

Middle Dutch: vrēvelheit, verēvelheit

Dutch: wrevelheid

Old High German: *fravalheit

Middle High German: vrevelheit, vrävelheit, vreveleheit, vravelkeit, vrevelicheit, frefelheit, fräfelheit, frefeleheit, frafelkeit

German: Frevelheit

From *frafal(i) (“impudent, bold”) + *-haidu.


frafalu

frafalu (nominative singular)
frafaliwi (nominative plural)
frafalō (nominative plural)
frafalu (accusative singular)
frafalū (accusative plural)
frafalō (genitive singular)
frafaliwō (genitive plural)
frafaliwi (dative singular)
frafalō (dative singular)
frafalum (dative plural)
frafalu (instrumental singular)
frafalum (instrumental plural)

Old English: fræfel, frefel n

Old Saxon: *fraval

Middle Low German: vrêvel, vrevel, frêvel, vrêvele, wrevel

German Low German: Frevel

→ Saterland Frisian: Wríeuwel

gl

Old Dutch: fravali (attested in Latin texts as faravalium, farfalium, farfalius)

Middle Dutch: vrēvel, wrevel

Dutch: wrevel

→ West Frisian: wrevel

desc

Old High German: frefil, frevil m; frafalī, frafalīn, frafilī f

Middle High German: vrevel, frefel m; vrevele f

German: Frevel m

From *frafal(i) (“wanton, wicked”) + *-u.


smorōn

smorōn (infinitive)
smorōnijas (genitive infinitive)
smorōnijē (dative infinitive)
smorōniju (infinitive instrumental)
smorō (first-person present singular)
smorōdā (first-person past singular)
smorōs (present second-person singular)
smorōdēs (past second-person singular)
smorōdōs (past second-person singular)
smorōþ (present singular third-person)
smorōdē (past singular third-person)
smorōdā (past singular third-person)
smorōm (first-person plural present)
smorōdum (first-person past plural)
smorōþ (plural present second-person)
smorōdud (past plural second-person)
smorōnþ (plural present third-person)
smorōdun (past plural third-person)
smorōdī (first-person past singular)
smorōdī (past second-person singular)
smorō (present singular third-person)
smorōdī (past singular third-person)
smorōdīm (first-person past plural)
smorōdīd (past plural second-person)
smorōn (plural present third-person)
smorōdīn (past plural third-person)
smorō (present singular)
smorōþ (plural present)
smorōndī (participle present)
smorōd (participle past)

Old English: smorian

desctree

Middle English: smoren, smore, smor
Scots: smore, smuir
Yola: smore

Old Frisian: *smoria

West Frisian: smoarje, smoare

Old Saxon: *smorōn

Middle Low German: smōren

→ German: schmoren

Old Dutch: *smoron

Middle Dutch: smōren

Dutch: smoren

>? Old High German: *smorōn

>? Middle High German: smoren (attested as meaning 'to wither')

Uncertain, possibly related to *smokōn and *smallijan.


frafalilīkō

Old English: fræfellīċe

Old Saxon: frabillīko, fravillīko

desc

Middle Low German: vrevellîke, vrevelîke

Old High German: frafallīhho, fravallīhho, frafallīcho

Middle High German: vrevellīche

German: frevellich, frevelich

From *frafal(i) (“impudent, bold”) + *-līkō, or *frafalilīk (“impudently, boldly”) + *-ō.

af

impudently, boldly, aggressively, wickedly


nīþ

nīþ (nominative singular)
nīþu (nominative plural)
nīþ (accusative singular)
nīþu (accusative plural)
nīþas (genitive singular)
nīþō (genitive plural)
nīþē (dative singular)
nīþum (dative plural)
nīþu (instrumental singular)
nīþum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: nīþ, nīð
Middle English: nith, nithe, niþ, nuþ, nyth, nyþe, nið, nuð (Early Middle English)

Old Frisian: nīth, nīd

Saterland Frisian: Nied

West Frisian: niid

Old Saxon: nīth
Middle Low German: nît
German Low German: Nied

Old Dutch: nīth

Middle Dutch: nijt

Dutch: nijd
Afrikaans: nyd
Negerhollands: neid

Old High German: nīd
Middle High German: nīt
German: Neid
Luxembourgish: Näid


mōþīg

mōþīg (masculine nominative singular)
mōþīgu (feminine nominative singular)
mōþīg (neuter nominative singular)
mōþīganā (accusative masculine singular)
mōþīgā (accusative feminine singular)
mōþīg (accusative neuter singular)
mōþīgas (genitive masculine singular)
mōþīgeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
mōþīgas (genitive neuter singular)
mōþīgumē (dative masculine singular)
mōþīgeʀē (dative feminine singular)
mōþīgumē (dative neuter singular)
mōþīgu (instrumental masculine singular)
mōþīgeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
mōþīgu (instrumental neuter singular)
mōþīgē (masculine nominative plural)
mōþīgō (feminine nominative plural)
mōþīgu (neuter nominative plural)
mōþīgā (accusative masculine plural)
mōþīgā (accusative feminine plural)
mōþīgu (accusative neuter plural)
mōþīgeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
mōþīgeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
mōþīgeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
mōþīgēm (dative masculine plural)
mōþīgum (dative masculine plural)
mōþīgēm (dative feminine plural)
mōþīgum (dative feminine plural)
mōþīgēm (dative neuter plural)
mōþīgum (dative neuter plural)
mōþīgēm (instrumental masculine plural)
mōþīgum (instrumental masculine plural)
mōþīgēm (feminine instrumental plural)
mōþīgum (feminine instrumental plural)
mōþīgēm (instrumental neuter plural)
mōþīgum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: mēþiġ

Old Saxon: *mōthīg

Middle Low German: *mö̂dich

desc

⇒ Middle Low German: mö̂dichhêt, mö̂dichêt, mödichêt

German Low German: Mööigheid

Old High German: *muodīg

Middle High German: müedic

German: müdig

⇒ Middle High German: müedicheit, müedecheit, mūdicheit

German: Müdigkeit


mōþīgōn

mōþīgōn (infinitive)
mōþīgōnijas (genitive infinitive)
mōþīgōnijē (dative infinitive)
mōþīgōniju (infinitive instrumental)
mōþīgō (first-person present singular)
mōþīgōdā (first-person past singular)
mōþīgōs (present second-person singular)
mōþīgōdēs (past second-person singular)
mōþīgōdōs (past second-person singular)
mōþīgōþ (present singular third-person)
mōþīgōdē (past singular third-person)
mōþīgōdā (past singular third-person)
mōþīgōm (first-person plural present)
mōþīgōdum (first-person past plural)
mōþīgōþ (plural present second-person)
mōþīgōdud (past plural second-person)
mōþīgōnþ (plural present third-person)
mōþīgōdun (past plural third-person)
mōþīgōdī (first-person past singular)
mōþīgōdī (past second-person singular)
mōþīgō (present singular third-person)
mōþīgōdī (past singular third-person)
mōþīgōdīm (first-person past plural)
mōþīgōdīd (past plural second-person)
mōþīgōn (plural present third-person)
mōþīgōdīn (past plural third-person)
mōþīgō (present singular)
mōþīgōþ (plural present)
mōþīgōndī (participle present)
mōþīgōd (participle past)

Old English: *mœ̄þgian, mēþgian (attested as past partciple ġemēþgad)

Old Saxon: *mōdīgōn

Middle Low German: môdigen, mö̂digen

gl

>? German Low German: möjen (possible merging with Middle Low German mōien, möien, from Proto-West Germanic *mōjan)

Old High German: *muodīgōn

Middle High German: müedigen, müdigen

German: müdigen


mattjō

mattjō (nominative singular)
mattjan (nominative plural)
mattjan (accusative singular)
mattjan (accusative plural)
mattjini (genitive singular)
mattjan (genitive singular)
mattjanō (genitive plural)
mattjini (dative singular)
mattjan (dative singular)
mattjum (dative plural)
mattjini (instrumental singular)
mattjan (instrumental singular)
mattjum (instrumental plural)

Old High German: mezzo

⇒ Old High German: steinmezzo

Middle High German: steinmetze

German: Steinmetz

→ Vulgar Latin: *mattiō, *matiō

Medieval Latin: maciō

desc

Old French: maçon, macon (manuscript form) (see there for further descendants)

→? Medieval Latin: matia (see there for further descendants)

Presumably from Proto-Germanic *matjô, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *met- (“to cut”). Cognate with Sanskrit मत्य (matyà, “harrow, roller, club”), Proto-Slavic *motyka (“hoe”), Lithuanian matikkas (“mattock”), Latin mateola (“mallet”).

cog

someone who cuts, stonecutter, butcher, etc.


dwāsōn

dwāsōn (infinitive)
dwāsōnijas (genitive infinitive)
dwāsōnijē (dative infinitive)
dwāsōniju (infinitive instrumental)
dwāsō (first-person present singular)
dwāsōdā (first-person past singular)
dwāsōs (present second-person singular)
dwāsōdēs (past second-person singular)
dwāsōdōs (past second-person singular)
dwāsōþ (present singular third-person)
dwāsōdē (past singular third-person)
dwāsōdā (past singular third-person)
dwāsōm (first-person plural present)
dwāsōdum (first-person past plural)
dwāsōþ (plural present second-person)
dwāsōdud (past plural second-person)
dwāsōnþ (plural present third-person)
dwāsōdun (past plural third-person)
dwāsōdī (first-person past singular)
dwāsōdī (past second-person singular)
dwāsō (present singular third-person)
dwāsōdī (past singular third-person)
dwāsōdīm (first-person past plural)
dwāsōdīd (past plural second-person)
dwāsōn (plural present third-person)
dwāsōdīn (past plural third-person)
dwāsō (present singular)
dwāsōþ (plural present)
dwāsōndī (participle present)
dwāsōd (participle past)

Old English: dwǣsian

Old Saxon: *dwāsōn

Middle Low German: dwâsen

Old Dutch: *dwāson

Middle Dutch: dwâsen

Dutch: dwazen (obsolete)

Old High German: *twāsōn

Middle Low German: twāsen

From *dwās (“fool”) + *-ōn or *dwās (“foolish”) + *-ōn.


harpōn

harpōn (infinitive)
harpōnijas (genitive infinitive)
harpōnijē (dative infinitive)
harpōniju (infinitive instrumental)
harpō (first-person present singular)
harpōdā (first-person past singular)
harpōs (present second-person singular)
harpōdēs (past second-person singular)
harpōdōs (past second-person singular)
harpōþ (present singular third-person)
harpōdē (past singular third-person)
harpōdā (past singular third-person)
harpōm (first-person plural present)
harpōdum (first-person past plural)
harpōþ (plural present second-person)
harpōdud (past plural second-person)
harpōnþ (plural present third-person)
harpōdun (past plural third-person)
harpōdī (first-person past singular)
harpōdī (past second-person singular)
harpō (present singular third-person)
harpōdī (past singular third-person)
harpōdīm (first-person past plural)
harpōdīd (past plural second-person)
harpōn (plural present third-person)
harpōdīn (past plural third-person)
harpō (present singular)
harpōþ (plural present)
harpōndī (participle present)
harpōd (participle past)

Old English: hearpian

Middle English: harpen

English: harp

Old Saxon: *harpōn

Middle Low German: harpen

Old Dutch: *harpon

Middle Dutch: harpen

Dutch: harpen

Old High German: *harpfōn

Middle High German: harpfen, harfen

German: harfen


mōþijēn

mōþijēn (infinitive)
mōþijēnijas (genitive infinitive)
mōþijēnijē (dative infinitive)
mōþijēniju (infinitive instrumental)
mōþijē (first-person present singular)
mōþij?dā (first-person past singular)
mōþijēs (present second-person singular)
mōþij?dēs (past second-person singular)
mōþijēþ (present singular third-person)
mōþij?dē (past singular third-person)
mōþij?dā (past singular third-person)
mōþijēm (first-person plural present)
mōþij?dum (first-person past plural)
mōþijēþ (plural present second-person)
mōþij?dud (past plural second-person)
mōþijēnþ (plural present third-person)
mōþij?dun (past plural third-person)
mōþij?dī (first-person past singular)
mōþij?dī (past second-person singular)
mōþijē (present singular third-person)
mōþij?dī (past singular third-person)
mōþij?dīm (first-person past plural)
mōþij?dīd (past plural second-person)
mōþijēn (plural present third-person)
mōþij?dīn (past plural third-person)
mōþijē (present singular)
mōþijēþ (plural present)
mōþijēndī (participle present)
mōþij?d (participle past)

Old English: mēþian

Old Saxon: *mōthiōn, *mōthōn

Middle Low German: mö̂den

Old Dutch: muothen

Middle Dutch: moeden, mueden, muden

Old High German: muodēn

desc

Middle High German: muoden, *müeden, mūden

German: müden