inkwar

inkwar (masculine nominative singular)
inkwaru (feminine nominative singular)
inkwar (neuter nominative singular)
inkwaranā (accusative masculine singular)
inkwarā (accusative feminine singular)
inkwar (accusative neuter singular)
inkwaras (genitive masculine singular)
inkwareʀā (feminine genitive singular)
inkwaras (genitive neuter singular)
inkwarumē (dative masculine singular)
inkwareʀē (dative feminine singular)
inkwarumē (dative neuter singular)
inkwaru (instrumental masculine singular)
inkwareʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
inkwaru (instrumental neuter singular)
inkwarē (masculine nominative plural)
inkwarō (feminine nominative plural)
inkwaru (neuter nominative plural)
inkwarā (accusative masculine plural)
inkwarā (accusative feminine plural)
inkwaru (accusative neuter plural)
inkwareʀō (genitive masculine plural)
inkwareʀō (feminine genitive plural)
inkwareʀō (genitive neuter plural)
inkwarēm (dative masculine plural)
inkwarum (dative masculine plural)
inkwarēm (dative feminine plural)
inkwarum (dative feminine plural)
inkwarēm (dative neuter plural)
inkwarum (dative neuter plural)
inkwarēm (instrumental masculine plural)
inkwarum (instrumental masculine plural)
inkwarēm (feminine instrumental plural)
inkwarum (feminine instrumental plural)
inkwarēm (instrumental neuter plural)
inkwarum (instrumental neuter plural)
ik (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
þū (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
mik (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
þik (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sik (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
miʀ (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
þiʀ (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sik (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mīn (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
þīn (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
sīn (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
wit (dual first-person nominative personal pronoun)
jit (dual nominative personal pronoun second-person)
unk (accusative dual first-person personal pronoun)
inkw (accusative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sik (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
unk (dative dual first-person personal pronoun)
inkw (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sik (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
unkar (dual first-person personal possessive pronoun)
inkwar (dual personal possessive pronoun second-person)
sīn (dual personal possessive pronoun reflexive)
wiʀ (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
jiʀ (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
uns (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
iwwi (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sik (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
uns (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
iwwi (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sik (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
unsar (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
iuwar (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
sīn (personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive)

Old English: incer
Middle English: inker

Old Saxon: inker, inka

Old High German: enker

Middle High German: enker

Yiddish: ענקער (enker) (Poylish)


waikwijan

waikwijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
waikwijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
waikwijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
waikwijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
waikwiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
waikwidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
waikwisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
waikwidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
waikwidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
waikwiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
waikwidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
waikwidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
waikwijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
waikwidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
waikwiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
waikwidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
waikwijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
waikwidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
waikwijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
waikwidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
waikwijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
waikwidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
waikwijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
waikwidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
waikwijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
waikwidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
waikwijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
waikwidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
waikwijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
waikwidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
waikwi (class-1 present singular weak)
waikwiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
waikwijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
waikwid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: wǣcan

Old Frisian: wēka

Old Saxon: *wēkian

Middle Low German: weiken

Old Dutch: wēken

desctree

Middle Dutch: wēken, weiken
Dutch: weken
Afrikaans: week
Limburgish: weike

Old High German: weihhen

Middle High German: weichen

Cimbrian: bòochan

German: weichen

Luxembourgish: weechen

→ Old French: avachir

Middle French: avachir

French: avachir

From Proto-Germanic *waikwijaną. Equivalent to *waikw (“weak, soft”) + *-jan.


þringwan

þringwan (infinitive)
þringwannjas (genitive infinitive)
þringwannjē (dative infinitive)
þringwannju (infinitive instrumental)
þringu (first-person present singular)
þrangw (first-person past singular)
þringwiʀi (present second-person singular)
þrungī (past second-person singular)
þringwidi (present singular third-person)
þrangw (past singular third-person)
þringum (first-person plural present)
þrungum (first-person past plural)
þringwid (plural present second-person)
þrungud (past plural second-person)
þringwand (plural present third-person)
þrungun (past plural third-person)
þringwē (first-person present singular)
þrungī (first-person past singular)
þringwēs (present second-person singular)
þringwē (present singular third-person)
þrungī (past singular third-person)
þringwēm (first-person plural present)
þrungīm (first-person past plural)
þringwēþ (plural present second-person)
þrungīd (past plural second-person)
þringwēn (plural present third-person)
þrungīn (past plural third-person)
þringw (present singular)
þringwid (plural present)
þringwandī (participle present)
þrungan (participle past)

Old English: þringan

Middle English: thringen

Scots: thring, dring

English: thring

Old Frisian: thringa

Saterland Frisian: tringe

(West Frisian: kringe ?)

Old Saxon: thringan

Middle Low German: dringen

German Low German: dringen

Low German: dringen

Old Dutch: *thringan
Middle Dutch: dringen
Dutch: dringen
Afrikaans: dring
Limburgish: dringe

Old High German: dringan

Middle High German: dringen

German: dringen

Luxembourgish: dréngen

Yiddish: דרינגען (dringen)

From Proto-Germanic *þrinhwaną, with the voiced Verner alternant extended throughout the paradigm.


waikw

waikw (masculine nominative singular)
waikwu (feminine nominative singular)
waikw (neuter nominative singular)
waikwanā (accusative masculine singular)
waikwā (accusative feminine singular)
waikw (accusative neuter singular)
waikwas (genitive masculine singular)
waikweʀā (feminine genitive singular)
waikwas (genitive neuter singular)
waikwumē (dative masculine singular)
waikweʀē (dative feminine singular)
waikwumē (dative neuter singular)
waikwu (instrumental masculine singular)
waikweʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
waikwu (instrumental neuter singular)
waikwē (masculine nominative plural)
waikwō (feminine nominative plural)
waikwu (neuter nominative plural)
waikwā (accusative masculine plural)
waikwā (accusative feminine plural)
waikwu (accusative neuter plural)
waikweʀō (genitive masculine plural)
waikweʀō (feminine genitive plural)
waikweʀō (genitive neuter plural)
waikwēm (dative masculine plural)
waikwum (dative masculine plural)
waikwēm (dative feminine plural)
waikwum (dative feminine plural)
waikwēm (dative neuter plural)
waikwum (dative neuter plural)
waikwēm (instrumental masculine plural)
waikwum (instrumental masculine plural)
waikwēm (feminine instrumental plural)
waikwum (feminine instrumental plural)
waikwēm (instrumental neuter plural)
waikwum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: wāc

Middle English: wac, wake, woc, woke

Scots: wak, wake, waik (conflated with Norse borrowings)

Old Frisian: wāk

Saterland Frisian: wook

West Frisian: weak

Old Saxon: wēk

Middle Low German: wêk

Low German: week

Old Dutch: wēk (in derivatives)

Middle Dutch: wêec

Dutch: week

Old High German: weih
Middle High German: weich
German: weich
Hunsrik: weuch
Luxembourgish: weech
Yiddish: ווייך (veykh)


erþu

erþu (nominative singular)
erþō (nominative plural)
erþā (accusative singular)
erþā (accusative plural)
erþā (genitive singular)
erþō (genitive plural)
erþē (dative singular)
erþōm (dative plural)
erþum (dative plural)
erþu (instrumental singular)
erþōm (instrumental plural)
erþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: eorþe, earðe — Northumbrian, iorðe — Kentish, eorþ, earþe, iorþe, yrþ, eorðe, eorþo, eorþu, eorþæ, heorðe, heordæ, eorda, eordæ, eorða
Middle English: erthe, eerthe, eorthe, eorþe, oerþe, oerþ, ereth, erth, erþ, erþe, irthe, yrþe, orþe, ȝorthe, horþe, horðe, urþe, urthe, hurde, erde, earþe, erðe, eorðe, eorth, herðe (Early Middle English)
English: earth, Earth
Scots: erd (influenced by erd)
Yola: erth, eart, eard, eorth, eord

Old Frisian: erthe, erde, irthe
Saterland Frisian: Äide, Idde, Äid
West Frisian: ierde

Old Saxon: ertha, erda
Middle Low German: ērde
Low German:
Dutch Low Saxon: eerde
German Low German: Eer, Eerd, Ier, Ierd
Westphalian:
Lippisch: Eren (dative (as in up Eren) and genitive (as in in der Eren Grund))
Ravensbergisch: Airn
Sauerländisch: Ēre, Ere, Ǟre, Ēäre
Westmünsterländisch: Eerde, Eere, Äärde, Ääre, Iärde
Plautdietsch: Ead, Ieed

Old Dutch: ertha
Middle Dutch: erde
Dutch: aarde
Afrikaans: aarde
Negerhollands: aarde, adu, aerde
→ Virgin Islands Creole: adu, ard (archaic)
→ Indonesian: arde
Limburgish: aerd, aerj

Old High German: erda, haerda
Middle High German: ērde
Alemannic German: Ëërde
Bavarian: Erd, Erdn
Cimbrian: èerda
Central Franconian: Ääd, Erd (Moselle Franconian), Äerd
Hunsrik: Äerd
Kölsch: Äd
German: Erde
Luxembourgish: Äerd
Rhine Franconian: Erd
Pennsylvania German: Erd, Aerd, Eaht
Vilamovian: aod
Yiddish: ערד (erd)


kaldī

kaldī (nominative singular)
kaldīn (accusative singular)
kaldīn (genitive singular)
kaldīn (dative singular)
kaldīn (instrumental singular)

Old English: ċieldu
Middle English: chelde, kelde

Old Frisian: kalde, kelde

Saterland Frisian: Keelde

West Frisian: kjeld

Old Saxon: *kaldī, *keldī, *kaldīn

desc

Middle Low German: kōlde, kölde, kȫlde, kelde, kulde, külde, külle, kalde, küldene, kuldene

German Low German: Kolle, Koll

Old Dutch: *keldi

Middle Dutch: kelde, koude

Dutch: koude, kou

Afrikaans: koue, kou

desctree

Old High German: kaltī, chaldī, chalte, chaltī, chaltīn, keltīn
Middle High German: kelte
Alemannic German: Chälti, Chelti
Central Franconian: Käll
Cimbrian: khélte
German: Kälte
Luxembourgish: Keelt
Vilamovian: kełt

From *kald (“cold”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).


þrangwijan

þrangwijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
þrangwijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
þrangwijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
þrangwijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
þrangwiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
þrangwidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
þrangwisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
þrangwidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þrangwidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þrangwiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
þrangwidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þrangwidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þrangwijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
þrangwidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
þrangwiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
þrangwidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
þrangwijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
þrangwidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
þrangwijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
þrangwidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
þrangwijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
þrangwidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þrangwijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
þrangwidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þrangwijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
þrangwidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
þrangwijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
þrangwidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
þrangwijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
þrangwidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
þrangwi (class-1 present singular weak)
þrangwiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
þrangwijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
þrangwid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *þrengan

Middle English: threngen (possibly also via Old Norse)

Old Saxon: *threngian

Middle Low German: drengen

German Low German: drängen

Old Dutch: *threngen

Middle Dutch: drengen

Old High German: drengen

Middle High German: drengen

German: drängen

Luxembourgish: drängen


þikkwī

þikkwī (masculine nominative singular)
þikkwiju (feminine nominative singular)
þikkwī (neuter nominative singular)
þikkwijanā (accusative masculine singular)
þikkwijā (accusative feminine singular)
þikkwī (accusative neuter singular)
þikkwijas (genitive masculine singular)
þikkwijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
þikkwijas (genitive neuter singular)
þikkwijumē (dative masculine singular)
þikkwijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
þikkwijumē (dative neuter singular)
þikkwiju (instrumental masculine singular)
þikkwijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
þikkwiju (instrumental neuter singular)
þikkwijē (masculine nominative plural)
þikkwijō (feminine nominative plural)
þikkwiju (neuter nominative plural)
þikkwijā (accusative masculine plural)
þikkwijā (accusative feminine plural)
þikkwiju (accusative neuter plural)
þikkwijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
þikkwijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
þikkwijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
þikkwijēm (dative masculine plural)
þikkwijum (dative masculine plural)
þikkwijēm (dative feminine plural)
þikkwijum (dative feminine plural)
þikkwijēm (dative neuter plural)
þikkwijum (dative neuter plural)
þikkwijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
þikkwijum (instrumental masculine plural)
þikkwijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
þikkwijum (feminine instrumental plural)
þikkwijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
þikkwijum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: þicce
Middle English: thikke, thicke, thik, thyke, thykke, þikke
English: thick
Scots: thik, thicke, thick

Old Frisian: thikke, *thiukke, *thiuke

Saterland Frisian: tjuk

West Frisian: tsjok, tsjûk

Old Saxon: thikki
Middle Low German: dicke
Low German: dick
Plautdietsch: dikj

Old Dutch: *thicki

Middle Dutch: dicke
Dutch: dik
Afrikaans: dik
Berbice Creole Dutch: deki
Negerhollands: dik
→ Virgin Islands Creole: dik (archaic)
→ Aukan: deki
→ Papiamentu: diki, dek
→ Saramaccan: dégi (via Skepi Creole Dutch)
→ Sranan Tongo: deki
Limburgish: diek
Zealandic: dik

Old High German: dicchi, dichi, dicki, dikki, dihhi, thichi, thihhi, thiki, ticchi
Middle High German: dicke, dic
Central Franconian: deck
Cimbrian: dikh, dikhe (Luserna)
German: dick
Hunsrik: dick
Luxembourgish: déck
Pennsylvania German: dick
Yiddish: דיק (dik)

From Proto-Germanic *þekuz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


abunsti

abunsti (nominative singular)
abunstī (nominative plural)
abunsti (accusative singular)
abunstī (accusative plural)
abunstī (genitive singular)
abunstijō (genitive plural)
abunstī (dative singular)
abunstim (dative plural)
abunstijum (dative plural)
abunstī (instrumental singular)
abunstim (instrumental plural)
abunstijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: æfǣst, æfest, æfst; æfstu

⇒ Middle English: ævestlīce (adverb)

Old Saxon: avunst

Old High German: abunt, abanst

Middle High German: abunst, abanst

From Proto-Germanic *abundiz, remodelled after *unsti.


swāsalīk

swāsalīk (masculine nominative singular)
swāsalīku (feminine nominative singular)
swāsalīk (neuter nominative singular)
swāsalīkanā (accusative masculine singular)
swāsalīkā (accusative feminine singular)
swāsalīk (accusative neuter singular)
swāsalīkas (genitive masculine singular)
swāsalīkeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
swāsalīkas (genitive neuter singular)
swāsalīkumē (dative masculine singular)
swāsalīkeʀē (dative feminine singular)
swāsalīkumē (dative neuter singular)
swāsalīku (instrumental masculine singular)
swāsalīkeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
swāsalīku (instrumental neuter singular)
swāsalīkē (masculine nominative plural)
swāsalīkō (feminine nominative plural)
swāsalīku (neuter nominative plural)
swāsalīkā (accusative masculine plural)
swāsalīkā (accusative feminine plural)
swāsalīku (accusative neuter plural)
swāsalīkeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
swāsalīkeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
swāsalīkeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
swāsalīkēm (dative masculine plural)
swāsalīkum (dative masculine plural)
swāsalīkēm (dative feminine plural)
swāsalīkum (dative feminine plural)
swāsalīkēm (dative neuter plural)
swāsalīkum (dative neuter plural)
swāsalīkēm (instrumental masculine plural)
swāsalīkum (instrumental masculine plural)
swāsalīkēm (feminine instrumental plural)
swāsalīkum (feminine instrumental plural)
swāsalīkēm (instrumental neuter plural)
swāsalīkum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: swǣslic

Old Frisian: swēslik

Old Saxon: swāslīk, swēslīk

Old High German: swāslīh

From Proto-Germanic *swēsalīkaz. Equivilant to *swās + *-līk.


galgō

galgō (nominative singular)
galgan (nominative plural)
galgan (accusative singular)
galgan (accusative plural)
galgini (genitive singular)
galgan (genitive singular)
galganō (genitive plural)
galgini (dative singular)
galgan (dative singular)
galgum (dative plural)
galgini (instrumental singular)
galgan (instrumental singular)
galgum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġealga
Middle English: galwes, galwe, galowe, galewes
Scots: galow, gallo, gallows
English: gallow, gallows

Old Frisian: galga

North Frisian: gulig

Saterland Frisian: Galge

West Frisian: galge

Old Saxon: galgo

Middle Low German: galge

German Low German: Galge, Galg

Low German: Galgen

Plautdietsch: Gaulj

Old Dutch: *galga

Middle Dutch: galge

Dutch: galg

Old High German: galgo, galga
Middle High German: galge
Alemannic German: Galge
German: Galgen
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: галге
Latin script: galge
Luxembourgish: Gaalgen

→ Old French: jauge, gauge
Middle French: jauge
French: jauge
→ Galician: galgar
→ Middle English: gauge, gage
Scots: gauge
English: gauge


salbu

salbu (nominative singular)
salbō (nominative plural)
salbā (accusative singular)
salbā (accusative plural)
salbā (genitive singular)
salbō (genitive plural)
salbē (dative singular)
salbōm (dative plural)
salbum (dative plural)
salbu (instrumental singular)
salbōm (instrumental plural)
salbum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sealf
Middle English: salve, salf, salfe, salff, salffe, salwe, selve, scealfe, sealfe, sealve (Early Middle English), sallfe (Ormulum)
English: salve
Scots: saw

Old Frisian: *salf; *salve (suggested by derivative salva)

Saterland Frisian: Soolve

West Frisian: salve

Old Saxon: salva

Middle Low German: salve

German Low German: Saalv

→ Old Swedish: salva

Swedish: salva

→ Danish: salve

→ Icelandic: salvi

→ Faroese: salva, sálva

Old Dutch: salba, salva

Middle Dutch: salve

Dutch: zalf
Afrikaans: salf
Negerhollands: salv
→ Caribbean Javanese: salep
→ Indonesian: salep

Old High German: salba

Middle High German: salp

German: Salbe

Hunsrik: Salleb

Luxembourgish: Sallef

Yiddish: זאַלב (zalb)


swalwā

swalwā (nominative singular)
swalwōn (nominative plural)
swalwōn (accusative singular)
swalwōn (accusative plural)
swalwōn (genitive singular)
swalwōnō (genitive plural)
swalwōn (dative singular)
swalwōm (dative plural)
swalwum (dative plural)
swalwōn (instrumental singular)
swalwōm (instrumental plural)
swalwum (instrumental plural)

Old English: swealwe, swealewe
Middle English: swalwe, swalewe, swalowe, swhalow, sualow, swalow, swalue, swolwe, swaluwe, swalew, swalugh
English: swallow
Scots: swalla, swallae

Old Frisian: swale

North Frisian: swaal, swul, swol

⇒ Saterland Frisian: Swoalke, Swoolke

West Frisian: swel

Old Saxon: swala

Middle Low German: swale

Dutch Low Saxon: swaalfe

German Low German: Schwaale

Old Dutch: *swalwa, *swalawa

Middle Dutch: swalwe, swalewe

Dutch: zwaluw
Afrikaans: swael

Old High German: swalawa

Middle High German: swalwe

Alemannic German: Schwalme

Swabian: Schwaba

desc

Central Franconian: Schwalleb, Schwallef, Schmallef, Schmollef, Schmorbel, Schmärbel, Schmälwer, Schwalwer, Schwalfter, Schwarbel, Schwawel, Schwaal

Hunsrik: Schwalleb

Luxembourgish: Schmuewel, Schmuebel, Schmuelef

desctree

German: Schwalbe
→ Dutch: schwalbe
→ Silesian: šwalbkowate (compounded with native word)

Vilamovian: śwojmła


þwahl

þwahl (nominative singular)
þwahhlu (nominative plural)
þwahl (accusative singular)
þwahhlu (accusative plural)
þwahhlas (genitive singular)
þwahhlō (genitive plural)
þwahhlē (dative singular)
þwahhlum (dative plural)
þwahhlu (instrumental singular)
þwahhlum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þwēal

Middle English: thweal

Old High German: dwahal

desc

⇒ Old High German: dwahalkar (“washtub”)


grōan

grōan (infinitive)
grōannjas (genitive infinitive)
grōannjē (dative infinitive)
grōannju (infinitive instrumental)
grōu (first-person present singular)
greō (first-person past singular)
grōiʀi (present second-person singular)
greōī (past second-person singular)
grōidi (present singular third-person)
greō (past singular third-person)
grōum (first-person plural present)
greōum (first-person past plural)
grōid (plural present second-person)
greōud (past plural second-person)
grōand (plural present third-person)
greōun (past plural third-person)
grōē (first-person present singular)
greōī (first-person past singular)
grōēs (present second-person singular)
grōē (present singular third-person)
greōī (past singular third-person)
grōēm (first-person plural present)
greōīm (first-person past plural)
grōēþ (plural present second-person)
greōīd (past plural second-person)
grōēn (plural present third-person)
greōīn (past plural third-person)
grō (present singular)
grōid (plural present)
grōandī (participle present)
grōan (participle past)

Old English: grōwan

Middle English: growen

Scots: grow

English: grow

Old Frisian: grōwa, grōa, grōia

North Frisian: growen, grojen

Saterland Frisian: groie, groaie

West Frisian: groeie

Old Saxon: *grōian

Middle Low German: grôjen, grôen

German Low German: grojen

desctree

Old Dutch: gruoien
Middle Dutch: groeyen
Dutch: groeien
Afrikaans: groei
Limburgish: gröjje

Old High German: gruoen

Middle High German: grüejen


fraslindan

fraslindan (infinitive)
fraslindannjas (genitive infinitive)
fraslindannjē (dative infinitive)
fraslindannju (infinitive instrumental)
fraslindu (first-person present singular)
frasland (first-person past singular)
fraslindiʀi (present second-person singular)
fraslundī (past second-person singular)
fraslindidi (present singular third-person)
frasland (past singular third-person)
fraslindum (first-person plural present)
fraslundum (first-person past plural)
fraslindid (plural present second-person)
fraslundud (past plural second-person)
fraslindand (plural present third-person)
fraslundun (past plural third-person)
fraslindē (first-person present singular)
fraslundī (first-person past singular)
fraslindēs (present second-person singular)
fraslindē (present singular third-person)
fraslundī (past singular third-person)
fraslindēm (first-person plural present)
fraslundīm (first-person past plural)
fraslindēþ (plural present second-person)
fraslundīd (past plural second-person)
fraslindēn (plural present third-person)
fraslundīn (past plural third-person)
fraslind (present singular)
fraslindid (plural present)
fraslindandī (participle present)
fraslundan (participle past)

Old Saxon: *farslindan

Middle Low German: vorslinden

Old Dutch: *farslindan

Middle Dutch: verslinden, verslingen

Dutch: verslinden, (archaic) verslingen

Afrikaans: verslind, verslinde

→ English: forsling

Old High German:

Middle High German:

German: verschlingen

From Proto-Germanic *fraslindaną. Equivalent to *fra- + *slindan.


gasehwan

gasehwan (infinitive)
gasehwannjas (genitive infinitive)
gasehwannjē (dative infinitive)
gasehwannju (infinitive instrumental)
gasehu (first-person present singular)
gasahw (first-person past singular)
gasihwiʀi (present second-person singular)
gasāwī (past second-person singular)
gasihwidi (present singular third-person)
gasahw (past singular third-person)
gasehum (first-person plural present)
gasāgum (first-person past plural)
gasihwid (plural present second-person)
gasāgud (past plural second-person)
gasehwand (plural present third-person)
gasāgun (past plural third-person)
gasehwē (first-person present singular)
gasāwī (first-person past singular)
gasehwēs (present second-person singular)
gasehwē (present singular third-person)
gasāwī (past singular third-person)
gasehwēm (first-person plural present)
gasāwīm (first-person past plural)
gasehwēþ (plural present second-person)
gasāwīd (past plural second-person)
gasehwēn (plural present third-person)
gasāwīn (past plural third-person)
gasihw (present singular)
gasihwid (plural present)
gasehwandī (participle present)
gasewan (participle past)

Old English: ġesēon, gesea, gisea — Northumbrian, gesean, gesian — Mercian
Middle English: yseen

Old Frisian: gisian

Old Saxon: gisehan

Middle Low German: gesēn

Old Dutch: gisian

Middle Dutch: gesien

Dutch: gezien (obsolete)

Old High German: gisehan

Middle High German: gesëhen

Alemannic German: gsë

Central Franconian: gesinn

German: gesehen

Luxembourgish: gesinn

From Proto-Germanic *gasehwaną. Equivalent to *ga- + *sehwan.


kīnan

kīnan (infinitive)
kīnannjas (genitive infinitive)
kīnannjē (dative infinitive)
kīnannju (infinitive instrumental)
kīnu (first-person present singular)
kain (first-person past singular)
kīniʀi (present second-person singular)
kinī (past second-person singular)
kīnidi (present singular third-person)
kain (past singular third-person)
kīnum (first-person plural present)
kinum (first-person past plural)
kīnid (plural present second-person)
kinud (past plural second-person)
kīnand (plural present third-person)
kinun (past plural third-person)
kīnē (first-person present singular)
kinī (first-person past singular)
kīnēs (present second-person singular)
kīnē (present singular third-person)
kinī (past singular third-person)
kīnēm (first-person plural present)
kinīm (first-person past plural)
kīnēþ (plural present second-person)
kinīd (past plural second-person)
kīnēn (plural present third-person)
kinīn (past plural third-person)
kīn (present singular)
kīnid (plural present)
kīnandī (participle present)
kinan (participle past)

Old English: ċīnan
Middle English: chynen, chine, chyne
English: chine (obsolete)
Scots: chime, chun

Old Frisian: *kīna

Saterland Frisian: kiene

Old Saxon: kīnan

q

influenced by <i class="Latn mention" lang="gml">kīme</i>

Middle Low German: kînen, ⇒ kîmen (influenced by kīme)

German Low German: kienen

Old Dutch: *kīnan
Middle Dutch: kinen

Old High German: kīnan

influenced by <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmh">kīme</i>

Middle High German: kīnen, ⇒ kīmen (influenced by kīme)

German: keimen

desc

→⇒ Old French: rekigner, reschignier, rechignier (“to grimace”)

Old French: *rekin, reschin (“shark”)

Middle French: requin (via Norman French)

French: requin

→ English: requin


spendōn

spendōn (infinitive)
spendōnijas (genitive infinitive)
spendōnijē (dative infinitive)
spendōniju (infinitive instrumental)
spendō (first-person present singular)
spendōdā (first-person past singular)
spendōs (present second-person singular)
spendōdēs (past second-person singular)
spendōdōs (past second-person singular)
spendōþ (present singular third-person)
spendōdē (past singular third-person)
spendōdā (past singular third-person)
spendōm (first-person plural present)
spendōdum (first-person past plural)
spendōþ (plural present second-person)
spendōdud (past plural second-person)
spendōnþ (plural present third-person)
spendōdun (past plural third-person)
spendōdī (first-person past singular)
spendōdī (past second-person singular)
spendō (present singular third-person)
spendōdī (past singular third-person)
spendōdīm (first-person past plural)
spendōdīd (past plural second-person)
spendōn (plural present third-person)
spendōdīn (past plural third-person)
spendō (present singular)
spendōþ (plural present)
spendōndī (participle present)
spendōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *spendōn

Middle Low German: spenden

German Low German: spenden, spennen

Old Dutch: *spendon

Middle Dutch: spenden

Old High German: spentōn

Middle High German: spënden

German: spenden


traustijan

traustijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
traustijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
traustijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
traustijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
traustiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
traustidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
traustisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
traustidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
traustidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
traustiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
traustidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
traustidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
traustijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
traustidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
traustiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
traustidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
traustijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
traustidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
traustijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
traustidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
traustijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
traustidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
traustijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
traustidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
traustijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
traustidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
traustijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
traustidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
traustijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
traustidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
trausti (class-1 present singular weak)
traustiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
traustijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
traustid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Frisian: trāsta

Saterland Frisian: traaste

West Frisian: treaste

Old Saxon: trōstian

Middle Low German: trôsten, trö̂sten

Middle Low German: tröösten

desctree

Old Dutch: trōsten
Middle Dutch: trôosten
Dutch: troosten
Afrikaans: troos

Old High German: trōsten

Middle High German: trœsten

German: trösten

From Proto-Germanic *traustijaną. Equivalent to *traust (“strong, confident”) + *-jan or *traust (“help, aid”) + *-jan.


slindan

slindan (infinitive)
slindannjas (genitive infinitive)
slindannjē (dative infinitive)
slindannju (infinitive instrumental)
slindu (first-person present singular)
sland (first-person past singular)
slindiʀi (present second-person singular)
slundī (past second-person singular)
slindidi (present singular third-person)
sland (past singular third-person)
slindum (first-person plural present)
slundum (first-person past plural)
slindid (plural present second-person)
slundud (past plural second-person)
slindand (plural present third-person)
slundun (past plural third-person)
slindē (first-person present singular)
slundī (first-person past singular)
slindēs (present second-person singular)
slindē (present singular third-person)
slundī (past singular third-person)
slindēm (first-person plural present)
slundīm (first-person past plural)
slindēþ (plural present second-person)
slundīd (past plural second-person)
slindēn (plural present third-person)
slundīn (past plural third-person)
slind (present singular)
slindid (plural present)
slindandī (participle present)
slundan (participle past)

Old Frisian: *slinda

West Frisian: sline

Old Saxon: slindan

Middle Low German: slinden

Low German: slinden

Old Dutch: *slindan

Middle Dutch: slinden

Dutch: slinden (obsolete)

Old High German: slintan

Middle High German: slinden

German: schlinden


fūl

fūl (masculine nominative singular)
fūlu (feminine nominative singular)
fūl (neuter nominative singular)
fūlanā (accusative masculine singular)
fūlā (accusative feminine singular)
fūl (accusative neuter singular)
fūlas (genitive masculine singular)
fūleʀā (feminine genitive singular)
fūlas (genitive neuter singular)
fūlumē (dative masculine singular)
fūleʀē (dative feminine singular)
fūlumē (dative neuter singular)
fūlu (instrumental masculine singular)
fūleʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
fūlu (instrumental neuter singular)
fūlē (masculine nominative plural)
fūlō (feminine nominative plural)
fūlu (neuter nominative plural)
fūlā (accusative masculine plural)
fūlā (accusative feminine plural)
fūlu (accusative neuter plural)
fūleʀō (genitive masculine plural)
fūleʀō (feminine genitive plural)
fūleʀō (genitive neuter plural)
fūlēm (dative masculine plural)
fūlum (dative masculine plural)
fūlēm (dative feminine plural)
fūlum (dative feminine plural)
fūlēm (dative neuter plural)
fūlum (dative neuter plural)
fūlēm (instrumental masculine plural)
fūlum (instrumental masculine plural)
fūlēm (feminine instrumental plural)
fūlum (feminine instrumental plural)
fūlēm (instrumental neuter plural)
fūlum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: fūl

Middle English: foul

English: foul

Scots: foul

Old Frisian: fūl

Saterland Frisian: fuul

West Frisian: fûl

Old Saxon: *fūl (in derivatives)

Middle Low German: vûl

German Low German: fuul

Old Dutch: *fūl (in derivatives)

Middle Dutch: vuul

Dutch: vuil

Afrikaans: vuil

Old High German: fūl

Middle High German: vūl, voul

Cimbrian: baul

German: faul

Yiddish: פֿױל (foyl)


wīhijan

wīhijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
wīhijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
wīhijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
wīhijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
wīhiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wīhidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wīhisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wīhidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wīhidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wīhiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wīhidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wīhidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wīhijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wīhidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wīhiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wīhidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wīhijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wīhidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wīhijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wīhidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wīhijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wīhidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wīhijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wīhidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wīhijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wīhidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wīhijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wīhidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wīhijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wīhidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wīhi (class-1 present singular weak)
wīhiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
wīhijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
wīhid (class-1 participle past weak)

⇒ Old English: fulwian, fulliġan, fullian, fullwian, fulguġe, fulguia — Northumbrian (< *fullawīhijan)
Middle English: fullen, folewen, follen, folowen, fully, fulwen, vollen, vullen, fulhen, vulȝen (Early Middle English)
English: full (obsolete)

Old Frisian: wīa

Saterland Frisian: wäie

West Frisian: wije

Old Saxon: wīhian

Middle Low German: wîen, wigen

Low German: wiehen

Old Dutch: wīen
Middle Dutch: wiën
Dutch: wijden
Limburgish: wieje

Old High German: wīhen

Cimbrian: baigan

German: weihen

Luxembourgish: weien


þwangi

þwangi (nominative singular)
þwangī (nominative plural)
þwangi (accusative singular)
þwangī (accusative plural)
þwangī (genitive singular)
þwangijō (genitive plural)
þwangī (dative singular)
þwangim (dative plural)
þwangijum (dative plural)
þwangī (instrumental singular)
þwangim (instrumental plural)
þwangijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þwang, þwong, þwæng, þweng
Middle English: thong, thwong, thwang
English: thong
Scots: thwang, thwayng, thang
Yola: fong

Old Frisian: thwong, thwang

Saterland Frisian: Twoang

West Frisian: twang

Old Saxon: *thwang

Middle Low German: dwanc, dwank

German Low German: Dwang

Old Dutch: *thwang

Middle Dutch: dwanc

Dutch: dwang
Afrikaans: dwang
Negerhollands: twang
→ Indonesian: paksaan (semantic loan)

desc

Old High German: dwang (“bit, bridle, rein, restraint”)

Middle High German: twanc

German: Zwang

From a merger of Proto-Germanic *þwangiz and *þwangaz; both from earlier Proto-Germanic *þwanguz (“force, restraint, band”).


kīban

kīban (infinitive)
kībannjas (genitive infinitive)
kībannjē (dative infinitive)
kībannju (infinitive instrumental)
kību (first-person present singular)
kaib (first-person past singular)
kībiʀi (present second-person singular)
kibī (past second-person singular)
kībidi (present singular third-person)
kaib (past singular third-person)
kībum (first-person plural present)
kibum (first-person past plural)
kībid (plural present second-person)
kibud (past plural second-person)
kīband (plural present third-person)
kibun (past plural third-person)
kībē (first-person present singular)
kibī (first-person past singular)
kībēs (present second-person singular)
kībē (present singular third-person)
kibī (past singular third-person)
kībēm (first-person plural present)
kibīm (first-person past plural)
kībēþ (plural present second-person)
kibīd (past plural second-person)
kībēn (plural present third-person)
kibīn (past plural third-person)
kīb (present singular)
kībid (plural present)
kībandī (participle present)
kiban (participle past)

Old Frisian: zīvia

Old Saxon: *kīvan

Middle Low German: kîven

Old Dutch: *kīvan

Middle Dutch: kiven

Dutch: kijven

Afrikaans: kyf

Old High German: *kīban

Middle High German: kīben

q

German: keifen (influenced by Low and West Central German)


witōn

witōn (infinitive)
witōnijas (genitive infinitive)
witōnijē (dative infinitive)
witōniju (infinitive instrumental)
witō (first-person present singular)
witōdā (first-person past singular)
witōs (present second-person singular)
witōdēs (past second-person singular)
witōdōs (past second-person singular)
witōþ (present singular third-person)
witōdē (past singular third-person)
witōdā (past singular third-person)
witōm (first-person plural present)
witōdum (first-person past plural)
witōþ (plural present second-person)
witōdud (past plural second-person)
witōnþ (plural present third-person)
witōdun (past plural third-person)
witōdī (first-person past singular)
witōdī (past second-person singular)
witō (present singular third-person)
witōdī (past singular third-person)
witōdīm (first-person past plural)
witōdīd (past plural second-person)
witōn (plural present third-person)
witōdīn (past plural third-person)
witō (present singular)
witōþ (plural present)
witōndī (participle present)
witōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: witon

From Proto-Germanic *witōną. Equivalent to *witi (“knowledge”) + *-ōn.


hwīlu

hwīlu (nominative singular)
hwīlō (nominative plural)
hwīlā (accusative singular)
hwīlā (accusative plural)
hwīlā (genitive singular)
hwīlō (genitive plural)
hwīlē (dative singular)
hwīlōm (dative plural)
hwīlum (dative plural)
hwīlu (instrumental singular)
hwīlōm (instrumental plural)
hwīlum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: hwīl
Middle English: whyle, while, hwile, qhyle, wile
English: while
Scots: while
Yola: while

Old Frisian: hwīle

West Frisian: wile

Old Saxon: hwīla
German Low German: Wiel

Old Dutch: wīla

Middle Dutch: wile

Dutch: wijl

Afrikaans: wyl

Limburgish: wiel

Old High German: wīla

Middle High German: wīle

Bavarian: Wäu, Wei, Weil

Cimbrian: baille, baila (Luserna)

German: Weile, weil

→ Old Czech: chvíle, chvíľe (alternative writing)
Czech: chvíle

→ Old Polish: chwila (“moment”)
Polish: chwila
→ Belarusian: хві́ля (xvílja)
→ Kashubian: chwila
→ Ukrainian: хви́ля (xvýlja)
Silesian: chwila

Yiddish: ווײַלע (vayle)

→ Old Slovak: chvíľa, chvieľa

Pannonian Rusyn: хвиля (xvilja)

Slovak: chvíľa (“moment”)


spangu

spangu (nominative singular)
spangō (nominative plural)
spangā (accusative singular)
spangā (accusative plural)
spangā (genitive singular)
spangō (genitive plural)
spangē (dative singular)
spangōm (dative plural)
spangum (dative plural)
spangu (instrumental singular)
spangōm (instrumental plural)
spangum (instrumental plural)

Old English: spang

Old High German: spanga


sanþijan

sanþijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
sanþijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
sanþijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
sanþijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
sanþiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
sanþidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sanþisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
sanþidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sanþidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sanþiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
sanþidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sanþidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sanþijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
sanþidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sanþiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
sanþidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
sanþijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
sanþidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sanþijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
sanþidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sanþijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
sanþidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sanþijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
sanþidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sanþijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
sanþidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sanþijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
sanþidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
sanþijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
sanþidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sanþi (class-1 present singular weak)
sanþiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
sanþijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
sanþid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: sēþan, sēðan — edh spelling
Middle English: sethen


sanþasagul

sanþasagul (masculine nominative singular)
sanþasagulu (feminine nominative singular)
sanþasagul (neuter nominative singular)
sanþasagulanā (accusative masculine singular)
sanþasagulā (accusative feminine singular)
sanþasagul (accusative neuter singular)
sanþasagulas (genitive masculine singular)
sanþasaguleʀā (feminine genitive singular)
sanþasagulas (genitive neuter singular)
sanþasagulumē (dative masculine singular)
sanþasaguleʀē (dative feminine singular)
sanþasagulumē (dative neuter singular)
sanþasagulu (instrumental masculine singular)
sanþasaguleʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
sanþasagulu (instrumental neuter singular)
sanþasagulē (masculine nominative plural)
sanþasagulō (feminine nominative plural)
sanþasagulu (neuter nominative plural)
sanþasagulā (accusative masculine plural)
sanþasagulā (accusative feminine plural)
sanþasagulu (accusative neuter plural)
sanþasaguleʀō (genitive masculine plural)
sanþasaguleʀō (feminine genitive plural)
sanþasaguleʀō (genitive neuter plural)
sanþasagulēm (dative masculine plural)
sanþasagulum (dative masculine plural)
sanþasagulēm (dative feminine plural)
sanþasagulum (dative feminine plural)
sanþasagulēm (dative neuter plural)
sanþasagulum (dative neuter plural)
sanþasagulēm (instrumental masculine plural)
sanþasagulum (instrumental masculine plural)
sanþasagulēm (feminine instrumental plural)
sanþasagulum (feminine instrumental plural)
sanþasagulēm (instrumental neuter plural)
sanþasagulum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: sōþsagol

From Proto-Germanic *sanþasagulaz. Equivalent to *sanþ + *saggjan + *-ul.


gernō

Old English: ġeorne
Middle English: ȝeorne, ȝerne, gerne, ȝorne

Old Saxon: gerno
Middle Low German: gerne

Old Dutch: *gerno

Middle Dutch: gerne
Dutch: gaarne
Limburgish: gaern, gaer
West Flemish: geirn

Old High German: gerno
Middle High German: gerne
Bavarian: gean
Cimbrian: gearn
Central Franconian: jään, jär, gär(e), geare
Luxembourgish: gär, gären
German: gern, gerne

From Proto-Germanic *gernô. Equivalent to *gern (“eager, willing”) + *-ō.


ahtōn

ahtōn (infinitive)
ahtōnijas (genitive infinitive)
ahtōnijē (dative infinitive)
ahtōniju (infinitive instrumental)
ahtō (first-person present singular)
ahtōdā (first-person past singular)
ahtōs (present second-person singular)
ahtōdēs (past second-person singular)
ahtōdōs (past second-person singular)
ahtōþ (present singular third-person)
ahtōdē (past singular third-person)
ahtōdā (past singular third-person)
ahtōm (first-person plural present)
ahtōdum (first-person past plural)
ahtōþ (plural present second-person)
ahtōdud (past plural second-person)
ahtōnþ (plural present third-person)
ahtōdun (past plural third-person)
ahtōdī (first-person past singular)
ahtōdī (past second-person singular)
ahtō (present singular third-person)
ahtōdī (past singular third-person)
ahtōdīm (first-person past plural)
ahtōdīd (past plural second-person)
ahtōn (plural present third-person)
ahtōdīn (past plural third-person)
ahtō (present singular)
ahtōþ (plural present)
ahtōndī (participle present)
ahtōd (participle past)

Old English: eahtian

Old Frisian: achtia

Old Saxon: ahtōn

Middle Low German: achten

Low German: achten

Plautdietsch: achten

Old Dutch: *ahton

Middle Dutch: achten

Dutch: achten

Afrikaans: ag

Limburgish: achte

Old High German: ahtōn

Middle High German: achten

German: achten

From *ahtu (“consideration, attention”) + *-ōn.


karōn

karōn (infinitive)
karōnijas (genitive infinitive)
karōnijē (dative infinitive)
karōniju (infinitive instrumental)
karō (first-person present singular)
karōdā (first-person past singular)
karōs (present second-person singular)
karōdēs (past second-person singular)
karōdōs (past second-person singular)
karōþ (present singular third-person)
karōdē (past singular third-person)
karōdā (past singular third-person)
karōm (first-person plural present)
karōdum (first-person past plural)
karōþ (plural present second-person)
karōdud (past plural second-person)
karōnþ (plural present third-person)
karōdun (past plural third-person)
karōdī (first-person past singular)
karōdī (past second-person singular)
karō (present singular third-person)
karōdī (past singular third-person)
karōdīm (first-person past plural)
karōdīd (past plural second-person)
karōn (plural present third-person)
karōdīn (past plural third-person)
karō (present singular)
karōþ (plural present)
karōndī (participle present)
karōd (participle past)

Old English: carian

Scots: care, cair

English: care

Old Saxon: karōn

Old High German: karōn, charōn

desc

Middle High German: karen, karn (“to mourn, wail, lament”)

From Proto-Germanic *karōną. Equivalent to *karu (“care, worry”) + *-ōn.


stabōn

stabōn (infinitive)
stabōnijas (genitive infinitive)
stabōnijē (dative infinitive)
stabōniju (infinitive instrumental)
stabō (first-person present singular)
stabōdā (first-person past singular)
stabōs (present second-person singular)
stabōdēs (past second-person singular)
stabōdōs (past second-person singular)
stabōþ (present singular third-person)
stabōdē (past singular third-person)
stabōdā (past singular third-person)
stabōm (first-person plural present)
stabōdum (first-person past plural)
stabōþ (plural present second-person)
stabōdud (past plural second-person)
stabōnþ (plural present third-person)
stabōdun (past plural third-person)
stabōdī (first-person past singular)
stabōdī (past second-person singular)
stabō (present singular third-person)
stabōdī (past singular third-person)
stabōdīm (first-person past plural)
stabōdīd (past plural second-person)
stabōn (plural present third-person)
stabōdīn (past plural third-person)
stabō (present singular)
stabōþ (plural present)
stabōndī (participle present)
stabōd (participle past)

Old English: stafian

Old Frisian: stavia

West Frisian: staavje

Old Dutch: *stavon

Middle Dutch: stāven

Dutch: staven

Old High German: stabōn


selh

selh (nominative singular)
selhō (nominative plural)
selhōs (nominative plural)
selh (accusative singular)
selhā (accusative plural)
selhas (genitive singular)
selhō (genitive plural)
selhē (dative singular)
selhum (dative plural)
selhu (instrumental singular)
selhum (instrumental plural)

Old English: seolh

Middle English: *selh, sele

Early Scots: selich

Scots: selch, selkie, silkie

English: seal

Old Frisian: *selch

North Frisian: selich

Old Saxon: *selh, *selah

Middle Low German: sēl, sale

Plautdietsch: Säajel

⇒ Low German: saalhund

Old Dutch: *selh

Middle Dutch: sēel, sāel, sēle

desctree

Old High German: selah
Middle High German: sëleh
German: Seel (obsolete)
⇒ German: Seelhund ⇒ Seehund


skrapōn

skrapōn (infinitive)
skrapōnijas (genitive infinitive)
skrapōnijē (dative infinitive)
skrapōniju (infinitive instrumental)
skrapō (first-person present singular)
skrapōdā (first-person past singular)
skrapōs (present second-person singular)
skrapōdēs (past second-person singular)
skrapōdōs (past second-person singular)
skrapōþ (present singular third-person)
skrapōdē (past singular third-person)
skrapōdā (past singular third-person)
skrapōm (first-person plural present)
skrapōdum (first-person past plural)
skrapōþ (plural present second-person)
skrapōdud (past plural second-person)
skrapōnþ (plural present third-person)
skrapōdun (past plural third-person)
skrapōdī (first-person past singular)
skrapōdī (past second-person singular)
skrapō (present singular third-person)
skrapōdī (past singular third-person)
skrapōdīm (first-person past plural)
skrapōdīd (past plural second-person)
skrapōn (plural present third-person)
skrapōdīn (past plural third-person)
skrapō (present singular)
skrapōþ (plural present)
skrapōndī (participle present)
skrapōd (participle past)

Old English: sċrapian

Middle English: schrapen, scrapen (influenced by Old Norse)

English: scrape

Scots: scrap, scraip

Old Frisian: *skrapia, *skrabia

Saterland Frisian: skraabje

West Frisian: skraabje

Old Saxon: *skrapōn

Middle Low German: schrāpen, schrappen

German Low German: schrabben

Old Dutch: *scrapon

Middle Dutch: schrāpen

Dutch: schrapen

Afrikaans: skraap

Old High German: *skrapōn

Middle High German: schrapen

German: schrappen

Walloon: screper, Walloon: crape


þwingan

þwingan (infinitive)
þwingannjas (genitive infinitive)
þwingannjē (dative infinitive)
þwingannju (infinitive instrumental)
þwingu (first-person present singular)
þwang (first-person past singular)
þwingiʀi (present second-person singular)
þwungī (past second-person singular)
þwingidi (present singular third-person)
þwang (past singular third-person)
þwingum (first-person plural present)
þwungum (first-person past plural)
þwingid (plural present second-person)
þwungud (past plural second-person)
þwingand (plural present third-person)
þwungun (past plural third-person)
þwingē (first-person present singular)
þwungī (first-person past singular)
þwingēs (present second-person singular)
þwingē (present singular third-person)
þwungī (past singular third-person)
þwingēm (first-person plural present)
þwungīm (first-person past plural)
þwingēþ (plural present second-person)
þwungīd (past plural second-person)
þwingēn (plural present third-person)
þwungīn (past plural third-person)
þwing (present singular)
þwingid (plural present)
þwingandī (participle present)
þwungan (participle past)

Old Frisian: thwinga

Old Saxon: thwingan

Middle Low German: dwingen

Old Dutch: *thwingan

Middle Dutch: dwingen

Dutch: dwingen

Old High German: dwingan

Middle High German: dwingen, twingen

German: zwingen


staþul

staþul (nominative singular)
staþulō (nominative plural)
staþulōs (nominative plural)
staþul (accusative singular)
staþulā (accusative plural)
staþulas (genitive singular)
staþulō (genitive plural)
staþulē (dative singular)
staþulum (dative plural)
staþulu (instrumental singular)
staþulum (instrumental plural)

Old English: staþul, staþol

Middle English: stathel

Scots: stathel, stassel

English: staddle

Old Frisian: stathul, stāl

Saterland Frisian: Staal

West Frisian: steal

Old Saxon: stathal

Middle Low German: stadel, stāle

Old Dutch: *stathal

Middle Dutch: stādel

Dutch: staal

Old High German: stadal

Middle High German: stadel

German: Stadel


laþōn

laþōn (infinitive)
laþōnijas (genitive infinitive)
laþōnijē (dative infinitive)
laþōniju (infinitive instrumental)
laþō (first-person present singular)
laþōdā (first-person past singular)
laþōs (present second-person singular)
laþōdēs (past second-person singular)
laþōdōs (past second-person singular)
laþōþ (present singular third-person)
laþōdē (past singular third-person)
laþōdā (past singular third-person)
laþōm (first-person plural present)
laþōdum (first-person past plural)
laþōþ (plural present second-person)
laþōdud (past plural second-person)
laþōnþ (plural present third-person)
laþōdun (past plural third-person)
laþōdī (first-person past singular)
laþōdī (past second-person singular)
laþō (present singular third-person)
laþōdī (past singular third-person)
laþōdīm (first-person past plural)
laþōdīd (past plural second-person)
laþōn (plural present third-person)
laþōdīn (past plural third-person)
laþō (present singular)
laþōþ (plural present)
laþōndī (participle present)
laþōd (participle past)

Old English: laþian

Middle English: lathen

English: lathe, laith

Old Frisian: lathia, ladia

Saterland Frisian: leede (in íenleede)

Old Saxon: lathon, laðon, laðian

Middle Low German: lāden

Low German: laden

Old Dutch: lathon
Middle Dutch: lāden
Dutch: laden

Old High German: ladōn

Middle High German: laden

q

fully conflated with <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*hlaþaną</i>

German: laden (chiefly einladen, vorladen) (fully conflated with *hlaþaną)


hagōn

hagōn (infinitive)
hagōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hagōnijē (dative infinitive)
hagōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hagō (first-person present singular)
hagōdā (first-person past singular)
hagōs (present second-person singular)
hagōdēs (past second-person singular)
hagōdōs (past second-person singular)
hagōþ (present singular third-person)
hagōdē (past singular third-person)
hagōdā (past singular third-person)
hagōm (first-person plural present)
hagōdum (first-person past plural)
hagōþ (plural present second-person)
hagōdud (past plural second-person)
hagōnþ (plural present third-person)
hagōdun (past plural third-person)
hagōdī (first-person past singular)
hagōdī (past second-person singular)
hagō (present singular third-person)
hagōdī (past singular third-person)
hagōdīm (first-person past plural)
hagōdīd (past plural second-person)
hagōn (plural present third-person)
hagōdīn (past plural third-person)
hagō (present singular)
hagōþ (plural present)
hagōndī (participle present)
hagōd (participle past)

Old English: *hagian

desc

⇒ Old English: ġehagian (“to be possible, convenient”)

⇒ Old English: onhagian, anhagian (“to be within one's ablity or convenience”)

⇒ Middle English: bihaȝen

Old Frisian: hagia

Saterland Frisian: hoagje

West Frisian: haagje

Old Saxon: *hagōn

Middle Low German: hāgen

German Low German: hagen

desctree

Old Dutch: *hagon
Middle Dutch: hāgen
Dutch: hagen (obsolete)

Old High German: *hagōn

Middle High German: hagen

German: hagen (archaic)


talōn

talōn (infinitive)
talōnijas (genitive infinitive)
talōnijē (dative infinitive)
talōniju (infinitive instrumental)
talō (first-person present singular)
talōdā (first-person past singular)
talōs (present second-person singular)
talōdēs (past second-person singular)
talōdōs (past second-person singular)
talōþ (present singular third-person)
talōdē (past singular third-person)
talōdā (past singular third-person)
talōm (first-person plural present)
talōdum (first-person past plural)
talōþ (plural present second-person)
talōdud (past plural second-person)
talōnþ (plural present third-person)
talōdun (past plural third-person)
talōdī (first-person past singular)
talōdī (past second-person singular)
talō (present singular third-person)
talōdī (past singular third-person)
talōdīm (first-person past plural)
talōdīd (past plural second-person)
talōn (plural present third-person)
talōdīn (past plural third-person)
talō (present singular)
talōþ (plural present)
talōndī (participle present)
talōd (participle past)

Old English: talian
Middle English: talien, talen
English: tale
Scots: tale, tail

Old Frisian: talia

Old Saxon: talōn

Middle Low German: talen

Old Dutch: *talon

Middle Dutch: talen
Dutch: talen
Limburgish: tale

Old High German: zalōn

Middle High German: zalen

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: zaln

Mòcheno: zoln

German: zahlen

From Proto-Germanic *talōną. Equivalent to *talu (“calculation”) + *-ōn.


baþōn

baþōn (infinitive)
baþōnijas (genitive infinitive)
baþōnijē (dative infinitive)
baþōniju (infinitive instrumental)
baþō (first-person present singular)
baþōdā (first-person past singular)
baþōs (present second-person singular)
baþōdēs (past second-person singular)
baþōdōs (past second-person singular)
baþōþ (present singular third-person)
baþōdē (past singular third-person)
baþōdā (past singular third-person)
baþōm (first-person plural present)
baþōdum (first-person past plural)
baþōþ (plural present second-person)
baþōdud (past plural second-person)
baþōnþ (plural present third-person)
baþōdun (past plural third-person)
baþōdī (first-person past singular)
baþōdī (past second-person singular)
baþō (present singular third-person)
baþōdī (past singular third-person)
baþōdīm (first-person past plural)
baþōdīd (past plural second-person)
baþōn (plural present third-person)
baþōdīn (past plural third-person)
baþō (present singular)
baþōþ (plural present)
baþōndī (participle present)
baþōd (participle past)

Old English: baþian, baðian — edh spelling
Middle English: bathen, baathe, bathe, bathien, baþen, baþie, baþiȝe, baðien, beaðien (Early Middle English)
English: bathe
Scots: bathe, baith, bauthe

Old Frisian: *bathia

Saterland Frisian: boadje

West Frisian: baaie

Old Saxon: *bathōn

Middle Low German: bāden

German Low German: baden

Plautdietsch: boden

Old Dutch: bathon
Middle Dutch: bāden
Dutch: baden
Afrikaans: bad
Limburgish: bejje

Old High German: badōn
Middle High German: baden
Central Franconian: bade, boade
Hunsrik: baade
Luxembourgish: bueden
German: baden
Yiddish: באָדן (bodn)

From Proto-Germanic *baþōną. Equivalent to *baþ + *-ōn.


skīnan

skīnan (infinitive)
skīnannjas (genitive infinitive)
skīnannjē (dative infinitive)
skīnannju (infinitive instrumental)
skīnu (first-person present singular)
skain (first-person past singular)
skīniʀi (present second-person singular)
skinī (past second-person singular)
skīnidi (present singular third-person)
skain (past singular third-person)
skīnum (first-person plural present)
skinum (first-person past plural)
skīnid (plural present second-person)
skinud (past plural second-person)
skīnand (plural present third-person)
skinun (past plural third-person)
skīnē (first-person present singular)
skinī (first-person past singular)
skīnēs (present second-person singular)
skīnē (present singular third-person)
skinī (past singular third-person)
skīnēm (first-person plural present)
skinīm (first-person past plural)
skīnēþ (plural present second-person)
skinīd (past plural second-person)
skīnēn (plural present third-person)
skinīn (past plural third-person)
skīn (present singular)
skīnid (plural present)
skīnandī (participle present)
skinan (participle past)

Old English: sċīnan

Middle English: shinen, schinen

English: shine

Old Frisian: skīna

Saterland Frisian: skiene

West Frisian: skine, skyne

Old Saxon: skīnan

Low German: schienen

Old Dutch: skīnan
Middle Dutch: schinen
Dutch: schijnen
Afrikaans: skyn
Limburgish: sjiene

Old High German: skīnan

Middle High German: schīnen

German: scheinen

→ Esperanto: ŝajni

Hunsrik: scheine

Luxembourgish: schéngen

Yiddish: שײַנען (shaynen)


sanþ

sanþ (masculine nominative singular)
sanþu (feminine nominative singular)
sanþ (neuter nominative singular)
sanþanā (accusative masculine singular)
sanþā (accusative feminine singular)
sanþ (accusative neuter singular)
sanþas (genitive masculine singular)
sanþeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
sanþas (genitive neuter singular)
sanþumē (dative masculine singular)
sanþeʀē (dative feminine singular)
sanþumē (dative neuter singular)
sanþu (instrumental masculine singular)
sanþeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
sanþu (instrumental neuter singular)
sanþē (masculine nominative plural)
sanþō (feminine nominative plural)
sanþu (neuter nominative plural)
sanþā (accusative masculine plural)
sanþā (accusative feminine plural)
sanþu (accusative neuter plural)
sanþeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
sanþeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
sanþeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
sanþēm (dative masculine plural)
sanþum (dative masculine plural)
sanþēm (dative feminine plural)
sanþum (dative feminine plural)
sanþēm (dative neuter plural)
sanþum (dative neuter plural)
sanþēm (instrumental masculine plural)
sanþum (instrumental masculine plural)
sanþēm (feminine instrumental plural)
sanþum (feminine instrumental plural)
sanþēm (instrumental neuter plural)
sanþum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: sōþ
Middle English: soth
English: sooth
Scots: suthe, suith

Old Frisian: sōth

Old Saxon: sōth


sanþ

sanþ (nominative singular)
sanþu (nominative plural)
sanþ (accusative singular)
sanþu (accusative plural)
sanþas (genitive singular)
sanþō (genitive plural)
sanþē (dative singular)
sanþum (dative plural)
sanþu (instrumental singular)
sanþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sōþ

Middle English: soth

English: sooth

Scots: suthe, suith

Old Saxon: sōth

Old High German: *sand

⇒ Old High German: sandōn


mōmā

mōmā (nominative singular)
mōmōn (nominative plural)
mōmōn (accusative singular)
mōmōn (accusative plural)
mōmōn (genitive singular)
mōmōnō (genitive plural)
mōmōn (dative singular)
mōmōm (dative plural)
mōmum (dative plural)
mōmōn (instrumental singular)
mōmōm (instrumental plural)
mōmum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *mōme

Middle English: mome, mone

desc

English: mama, mammy, mom, mommy, mum, mummy

Scots: mam, mamie

Old Frisian: *mōme

>? Saterland Frisian: Mäme

>? West Frisian: mem, mâm, memme, mâme

Old Saxon: *mōma, moma

Middle Low German: môme, mône, mȫme

German Low German: Mohm, Möhm (regional)

Old Dutch: *muoma

Middle Dutch: moeme, mone, moene, moyne; memme, mamme

Dutch: moene (dialectal); mem, mam

Limburgish: meun

Old High German: muoma

Middle High German: muome; mamme, memme

Alemannic German:

Mòcheno: moa'm

Central Franconian: Möhn, Mehn, Mihn, Mihm

Luxembourgish: Mimm

German: Muhme; Mamme

Yiddish: מומע (mume)


stapul

stapul (nominative singular)
stapulō (nominative plural)
stapulōs (nominative plural)
stapul (accusative singular)
stapulā (accusative plural)
stapulas (genitive singular)
stapulō (genitive plural)
stapulē (dative singular)
stapulum (dative plural)
stapulu (instrumental singular)
stapulum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: stapol, stapel
Middle English: stapel, stapil, stapile, staple, stapul, stable
English: staple
Scots: steeple

Old Frisian: stapul

Saterland Frisian: Stoapel

West Frisian: steapel

Old Saxon: stapol

Middle Low German: stapel

German Low German: Stapel

→ German: Stapel

→ Yiddish: שטאַפּל (shtapl)

Old Dutch: stapul, stapal

Middle Dutch: stāpel

Dutch: stapel

Afrikaans: stapel

Old High German: staffal, stapfal

Middle High German: staffel, stapfel

German: Staffel

→ Late Latin: stapula

Old French: estaple
Anglo-Norman: staple
→ Middle English: staple, stapel, stapil, stapul
English: staple
Scots: stapill, staple, steple
Middle French: estappe
French: étape (see there for further descendants)
→ Italian: stapula


wīb

wīb (nominative singular)
wību (nominative plural)
wīb (accusative singular)
wību (accusative plural)
wības (genitive singular)
wībō (genitive plural)
wībē (dative singular)
wībum (dative plural)
wību (instrumental singular)
wībum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wīf

Middle English: wif, wyf

English: wife

Sranan Tongo: wefi

→ Japanese: ワイフ (waifu)

→ English: waifu

Scots: wife

Old Frisian: wīf

North Frisian: wüf

Saterland Frisian: Wieuw

West Frisian: wiif, wyf

Old Saxon: wīf

Middle Low German: wîf

German Low German: Wiev

Low German: Wief

Old Dutch: wīf

Middle Dutch: wijf

Dutch: wijf

Afrikaans: wyf

Sranan Tongo: wefi

Old High German: wīb

Middle High German: wīp; (northwestern) wīf

Alemannic German:

Italian Walser: wib

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: baip, baibe (Luserna)

Mòcheno: baib

Udinese: baip, baib

Central Franconian: Wiev, Wivv, Weiv

German: Weib

Yiddish: ווײַב (vayb)


þiustrī

þiustrī (masculine nominative singular)
þiustriju (feminine nominative singular)
þiustrī (neuter nominative singular)
þiustrijanā (accusative masculine singular)
þiustrijā (accusative feminine singular)
þiustrī (accusative neuter singular)
þiustrijas (genitive masculine singular)
þiustrijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
þiustrijas (genitive neuter singular)
þiustrijumē (dative masculine singular)
þiustrijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
þiustrijumē (dative neuter singular)
þiustriju (instrumental masculine singular)
þiustrijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
þiustriju (instrumental neuter singular)
þiustrijē (masculine nominative plural)
þiustrijō (feminine nominative plural)
þiustriju (neuter nominative plural)
þiustrijā (accusative masculine plural)
þiustrijā (accusative feminine plural)
þiustriju (accusative neuter plural)
þiustrijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
þiustrijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
þiustrijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
þiustrijēm (dative masculine plural)
þiustrijum (dative masculine plural)
þiustrijēm (dative feminine plural)
þiustrijum (dative feminine plural)
þiustrijēm (dative neuter plural)
þiustrijum (dative neuter plural)
þiustrijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
þiustrijum (instrumental masculine plural)
þiustrijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
þiustrijum (feminine instrumental plural)
þiustrijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
þiustrijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: þīestre, þȳstre; þēostre (conflated with descendant of *þeustraz)

Middle English: þester, þuster, þeostre

Old Frisian: *thiūstere

Saterland Frisian: tjuuster

West Frisian: tsjuster

Old Saxon: thiustri

Middle Low German: dûster

German Low German: düüster

→ German: düster, duster

→ Danish: dyster

→ Swedish: dyster

→ Norwegian Bokmål: dyster

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: dyster

Old Dutch: *thiustri

Middle Dutch: dustere, diester, duuster

Dutch: duister

Afrikaans: duister

Limburgish: duuster

Old High German: *thiustri (northern)

Middle High German: dūster, diuster

Central Franconian: düster, deister

Luxembourgish: däischter

q

Rhine Franconian: deischter (few dialects; most only have non-native duschter, duster)

Possibly from *þimstr (“dark, dusky”) + *-ī (adjective suffix), with unexpected *m > *w. Or, perhaps from Proto-Germanic *þiustrijaz, *þiuhstrijaz, from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”). Compare Proto-Slavic *tuskъ (“gloom”).


īsarn

īsarn (nominative singular)
īsarnu (nominative plural)
īsarn (accusative singular)
īsarnu (accusative plural)
īsarnas (genitive singular)
īsarnō (genitive plural)
īsarnē (dative singular)
īsarnum (dative plural)
īsarnu (instrumental singular)
īsarnum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: īsern, īren, īsen
Middle English: iren, eren, irne, iron, isen
English: iron
→ Marshallese: aen
Scots: airn, ern, irne
Yola: eeren

Old Frisian: īsern

North Frisian: jaarn

Saterland Frisian: Iersen

West Frisian: izer

Old Saxon: īsarn

Middle Low German: îsen, îsern, îseren

Low German: Isen

Plautdietsch: Iesa

Old Dutch: *īsarn

Middle Dutch: iser
Dutch: ijzer
Afrikaans: yster
Berbice Creole Dutch: isiri
Jersey Dutch: äize
Negerhollands: iser, izu
Skepi Creole Dutch: isir
→ Aukan: insii
→ Sranan Tongo: isri
→ Caribbean Hindustani: isri
→ Caribbean Javanese: isri
Limburgish: iezer
West Flemish: yzer

Old High German: īsarn
Middle High German: īsern
Alemannic German: Iise
Vorarlbergerisch: Iisa, Oasa
Bavarian: Eisn
Cimbrian: aizarn
Mòcheno: aisn
Central Franconian: Ieser, Iese, Eise
Hunsrik: Eise
Luxembourgish: Eisen
German: Eisen, Eiser
Vilamovian: ȧjza
Yiddish: אײַזן (ayzn)


askā

askā (nominative singular)
askōn (nominative plural)
askōn (accusative singular)
askōn (accusative plural)
askōn (genitive singular)
askōnō (genitive plural)
askōn (dative singular)
askōm (dative plural)
askum (dative plural)
askōn (instrumental singular)
askōm (instrumental plural)
askum (instrumental plural)

Old English: æsce
Middle English: asshe, axe, aske, ash, assche, aysshe, asche, aisshe, asske, acxe, ass, esche, esk, eshe
English: ash
Scots: ess, asch, ais, as, askis
Yola: ashen, oaskean (plural)

Old Frisian: *aske, *eske

Saterland Frisian: Ääske

West Frisian: jiske

Old Saxon: aska
Middle Low German: asche
German Low German: Asch
Plautdietsch: Ausch

Old Dutch: *aska

Middle Dutch: asche

Dutch: as
Afrikaans: as
Berbice Creole Dutch: asi
Negerhollands: haschěsis, hassesje, assche, ašiši, hašiši, haši, babaši, aschies, assisje, az

Old High German: asca, aska
Middle High German: asche
Alemannic German: Äsche
Cimbrian: èssa
German: Asche
Luxembourgish: Äsch
Vilamovian: oś
Yiddish: אַש (ash)


gagadō

gagadō (nominative singular)
gagadan (nominative plural)
gagadan (accusative singular)
gagadan (accusative plural)
gagadini (genitive singular)
gagadan (genitive singular)
gagadanō (genitive plural)
gagadini (dative singular)
gagadan (dative singular)
gagadum (dative plural)
gagadini (instrumental singular)
gagadan (instrumental singular)
gagadum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġegada

Old Saxon: gigado

Old Dutch: *gigado

Middle Dutch: gegāde

Old High German: gigato


þursti

þursti (nominative singular)
þurstī (nominative plural)
þursti (accusative singular)
þurstī (accusative plural)
þurstī (genitive singular)
þurstijō (genitive plural)
þurstī (dative singular)
þurstim (dative plural)
þurstijum (dative plural)
þurstī (instrumental singular)
þurstim (instrumental plural)
þurstijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þurst, þyrst

English: thirst

Old Frisian: thorst

West Frisian: toarst

Old Saxon: thurst

Old Dutch: thurst

Middle Dutch: dorst

Dutch: dorst

Old High German: durst

German: Durst

Luxembourgish: Duuscht


þraku

þraku (nominative singular)
þrakō (nominative plural)
þrakā (accusative singular)
þrakā (accusative plural)
þrakā (genitive singular)
þrakō (genitive plural)
þrakē (dative singular)
þrakōm (dative plural)
þrakum (dative plural)
þraku (instrumental singular)
þrakōm (instrumental plural)
þrakum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þracu

⇒ Old Saxon: mōdthraka


þarʀijan

þarʀijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
þarʀijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
þarʀijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
þarʀijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
þarʀiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
þarʀidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
þarʀisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
þarʀidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þarʀidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þarʀiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
þarʀidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þarʀidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þarʀijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
þarʀidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
þarʀiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
þarʀidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
þarʀijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
þarʀidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
þarʀijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
þarʀidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
þarʀijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
þarʀidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þarʀijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
þarʀidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þarʀijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
þarʀidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
þarʀijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
þarʀidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
þarʀijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
þarʀidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
þarʀi (class-1 present singular weak)
þarʀiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
þarʀijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
þarʀid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old High German: derren

Middle High German: derren

Cimbrian: dèrran

German: dörren

→ Old French: tarir

French: tarir


maþō

maþō (nominative singular)
maþan (nominative plural)
maþan (accusative singular)
maþan (accusative plural)
maþini (genitive singular)
maþan (genitive singular)
maþanō (genitive plural)
maþini (dative singular)
maþan (dative singular)
maþum (dative plural)
maþini (instrumental singular)
maþan (instrumental singular)
maþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: maþa

Middle English: mathe

desc

Scots: mathe, maith, maithe, meath, meith

English: mad, made

Old Saxon: matho

Middle Low German: made

Old Dutch: *matho

Middle Dutch: māde

Dutch: made

Old High German: mado

Middle High German: made

German: Made

Luxembourgish: Mued


swaþu

swaþu (nominative singular)
swaþō (nominative plural)
swaþā (accusative singular)
swaþā (accusative plural)
swaþā (genitive singular)
swaþō (genitive plural)
swaþē (dative singular)
swaþōm (dative plural)
swaþum (dative plural)
swaþu (instrumental singular)
swaþōm (instrumental plural)
swaþum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: swæþ, swaþu
Middle English: swath, swathe
English: swath (“swath”)


knabō

knabō (nominative singular)
knaban (nominative plural)
knaban (accusative singular)
knaban (accusative plural)
knabini (genitive singular)
knaban (genitive singular)
knabanō (genitive plural)
knabini (dative singular)
knaban (dative singular)
knabum (dative plural)
knabini (instrumental singular)
knaban (instrumental singular)
knabum (instrumental plural)

Old English: cnafa
Middle English: knave, cnave, knafe, cnafe, knaffe, knaue, knawe, knaf, knaw
English: knave
Scots: knave, knafe, knaif

Old Saxon: *knabo, *knavo

Middle Low German: knābe, knāve

Low German: knawe

Old High German: knabo, chnabo
Middle High German: knabe
German: Knabe
→ Esperanto: knabo
→ Kashubian: knôp

Alternative reconstruction of *knappō (“boy”)


wraku

wraku (nominative singular)
wrakō (nominative plural)
wrakā (accusative singular)
wrakā (accusative plural)
wrakā (genitive singular)
wrakō (genitive plural)
wrakē (dative singular)
wrakōm (dative plural)
wrakum (dative plural)
wraku (instrumental singular)
wrakōm (instrumental plural)
wrakum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wracu
Middle English: wrake
English: wrack


haliþ

haliþ (nominative singular)
haliþō (nominative plural)
haliþōs (nominative plural)
haliþ (accusative singular)
haliþā (accusative plural)
haliþas (genitive singular)
haliþō (genitive plural)
haliþē (dative singular)
haliþum (dative plural)
haliþu (instrumental singular)
haliþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hæle, hæleþ, hæleð
Middle English: heleð, haleð, hæleð; hathel (conflation with athel (“nobleman”))
English: health
Middle Scots: hathill

Old Frisian: *heleth

Saterland Frisian: Häld

West Frisian: held

Old Saxon: helith, helid
Middle Low German: helt
German Low German: Held
→ Danish: helt
→ Norwegian Bokmål: helt
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: helt
→ Swedish: hjälte

Old Dutch: *helit

Middle Dutch: helet, helt

Dutch: held

Afrikaans: held

Old High German: helid

Middle High German: helt

German: Held

Yiddish: העלד (held), האָלד (hold)


triwīn

triwīn (masculine nominative singular)
triwīnu (feminine nominative singular)
triwīn (neuter nominative singular)
triwīnanā (accusative masculine singular)
triwīnā (accusative feminine singular)
triwīn (accusative neuter singular)
triwīnas (genitive masculine singular)
triwīneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
triwīnas (genitive neuter singular)
triwīnumē (dative masculine singular)
triwīneʀē (dative feminine singular)
triwīnumē (dative neuter singular)
triwīnu (instrumental masculine singular)
triwīneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
triwīnu (instrumental neuter singular)
triwīnē (masculine nominative plural)
triwīnō (feminine nominative plural)
triwīnu (neuter nominative plural)
triwīnā (accusative masculine plural)
triwīnā (accusative feminine plural)
triwīnu (accusative neuter plural)
triwīneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
triwīneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
triwīneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
triwīnēm (dative masculine plural)
triwīnum (dative masculine plural)
triwīnēm (dative feminine plural)
triwīnum (dative feminine plural)
triwīnēm (dative neuter plural)
triwīnum (dative neuter plural)
triwīnēm (instrumental masculine plural)
triwīnum (instrumental masculine plural)
triwīnēm (feminine instrumental plural)
triwīnum (feminine instrumental plural)
triwīnēm (instrumental neuter plural)
triwīnum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: trīewen, trēowen

Middle English: trēen

English: treen

Old High German: *trīn

⇒ Old High German: affoltrīn, affultrīn

desc

Middle High German: affolterīn, apfelterīn, apfalterīn, affalterīn

Alemannic German: affolterin

From Proto-Germanic *triwīnaz. Equivalent to *treu (“tree”) + *-īn.


rīfan

rīfan (infinitive)
rīfannjas (genitive infinitive)
rīfannjē (dative infinitive)
rīfannju (infinitive instrumental)
rīfu (first-person present singular)
raif (first-person past singular)
rīfiʀi (present second-person singular)
ribī (past second-person singular)
rīfidi (present singular third-person)
raif (past singular third-person)
rīfum (first-person plural present)
ribum (first-person past plural)
rīfid (plural present second-person)
ribud (past plural second-person)
rīfand (plural present third-person)
ribun (past plural third-person)
rīfē (first-person present singular)
ribī (first-person past singular)
rīfēs (present second-person singular)
rīfē (present singular third-person)
ribī (past singular third-person)
rīfēm (first-person plural present)
ribīm (first-person past plural)
rīfēþ (plural present second-person)
ribīd (past plural second-person)
rīfēn (plural present third-person)
ribīn (past plural third-person)
rīf (present singular)
rīfid (plural present)
rīfandī (participle present)
riban (participle past)

Old English: *rīfan

Middle English: riven

English: rive

Old Frisian: rīva


krabbō

krabbō (nominative singular)
krabban (nominative plural)
krabban (accusative singular)
krabban (accusative plural)
krabbini (genitive singular)
krabban (genitive singular)
krabbanō (genitive plural)
krabbini (dative singular)
krabban (dative singular)
krabbum (dative plural)
krabbini (instrumental singular)
krabban (instrumental singular)
krabbum (instrumental plural)

Old English: crabba

Middle English: crabbe

Scots: crab, craib

English: crab

Old Frisian: *krabba

North Frisian: kraab

Saterland Frisian: Krabbe

West Frisian: kraab, krab

Old Saxon: *krabbo

Middle Low German: krabbe

German Low German: Krabbe, Krabb

Low German: Krabbe

→ German: Krabbe

→ Lower Sorbian: kraba

Old Dutch: *crabbo

Middle Dutch: crabbe

Dutch: krab

Afrikaans: krap

Limburgish: krab

→ Walloon: crappe, crape

→ Picard: crape

Old High German: *chrappo, *krappo

Middle High German: krappe

German: Krappe

Luxembourgish: Krabb


sagā

sagā (nominative singular)
sagōn (nominative plural)
sagōn (accusative singular)
sagōn (accusative plural)
sagōn (genitive singular)
sagōnō (genitive plural)
sagōn (dative singular)
sagōm (dative plural)
sagum (dative plural)
sagōn (instrumental singular)
sagōm (instrumental plural)
sagum (instrumental plural)

Old English: saga, sagu
Middle English: sawe
English: saw

Old Frisian: sege

Old Dutch: *saga

Middle Dutch: sāge

Dutch: sage (influenced by German)

Afrikaans: sage

Limburgish: zaag

desctree

Old High German: saga
Middle High German: sage
German: Sage
Luxembourgish: So


siftijan

siftijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
siftijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
siftijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
siftijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
siftiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
siftidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
siftisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
siftidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
siftidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
siftiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
siftidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
siftidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
siftijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
siftidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
siftiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
siftidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
siftijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
siftidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
siftijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
siftidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
siftijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
siftidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
siftijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
siftidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
siftijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
siftidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
siftijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
siftidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
siftijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
siftidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sifti (class-1 present singular weak)
siftiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
siftijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
siftid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: siftan

Middle English: syften

English: sift

Old Saxon: *siftan

Middle Low German: sichten

→ German: sichten

Old Dutch: *siften

Middle Dutch: sichten

Dutch: ziften, zichten


hrīdrā

hrīdrā (nominative singular)
hrīdrōn (nominative plural)
hrīdrōn (accusative singular)
hrīdrōn (accusative plural)
hrīdrōn (genitive singular)
hrīdrōnō (genitive plural)
hrīdrōn (dative singular)
hrīdrōm (dative plural)
hrīdrum (dative plural)
hrīdrōn (instrumental singular)
hrīdrōm (instrumental plural)
hrīdrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hridder, hriddel n

Middle English: ridder; riddel

English: ridder; riddle

Scots: riddil

Old Saxon: hrīdra

Old High German: rītra, rītera

Middle High German: rītere, rīter

German: Reiter


rīpī

rīpī (masculine nominative singular)
rīpiju (feminine nominative singular)
rīpī (neuter nominative singular)
rīpijanā (accusative masculine singular)
rīpijā (accusative feminine singular)
rīpī (accusative neuter singular)
rīpijas (genitive masculine singular)
rīpijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
rīpijas (genitive neuter singular)
rīpijumē (dative masculine singular)
rīpijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
rīpijumē (dative neuter singular)
rīpiju (instrumental masculine singular)
rīpijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
rīpiju (instrumental neuter singular)
rīpijē (masculine nominative plural)
rīpijō (feminine nominative plural)
rīpiju (neuter nominative plural)
rīpijā (accusative masculine plural)
rīpijā (accusative feminine plural)
rīpiju (accusative neuter plural)
rīpijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
rīpijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
rīpijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
rīpijēm (dative masculine plural)
rīpijum (dative masculine plural)
rīpijēm (dative feminine plural)
rīpijum (dative feminine plural)
rīpijēm (dative neuter plural)
rīpijum (dative neuter plural)
rīpijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
rīpijum (instrumental masculine plural)
rīpijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
rīpijum (feminine instrumental plural)
rīpijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
rīpijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: rīpe

Middle English: ripe

English: ripe

Old Frisian: rīp

West Frisian: ryp

Old Saxon: rīpi

Middle Low German: rîpe

Low German: riep

Old Dutch: *rīpi

Middle Dutch: ripe

Dutch: rijp

Afrikaans: ryp

Old High German: rīfi

Middle High German: rīfe

German: reif

From Proto-Germanic *rīpiz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


hasō

hasō (nominative singular)
hasan (nominative plural)
hasan (accusative singular)
hasan (accusative plural)
haʀini (genitive singular)
haʀan (genitive singular)
haʀanō (genitive plural)
haʀini (dative singular)
haʀan (dative singular)
haʀum (dative plural)
haʀini (instrumental singular)
haʀan (instrumental singular)
haʀum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hara
Middle English: hare
English: hare
Scots: hare, hair

Old Frisian: hasa, hase

North Frisian:

Sylt: Haas

Saterland Frisian: Hoaze, Hoase

West Frisian: hazze

Old Saxon: haso

Middle Low German: hāse

German Low German: Haas, Hoos

Plautdietsch: Hos

Old Dutch: *haso

Middle Dutch: hāse
Dutch: haas
Afrikaans: haas
Jersey Dutch: hâśe (from the diminutive)
Limburgish: haas

Old High German: haso
Middle High German: hase
Alemannic German: Haase
Bavarian: Hås
Cimbrian: haazo, has (Luserna)
Mòcheno: hos
Central Franconian: Has, Hoas
Luxembourgish: Hues
German: Hase
→ French: hase
Vilamovian: hoza
Yiddish: האָז (hoz)


skaþō

skaþō (nominative singular)
skaþan (nominative plural)
skaþan (accusative singular)
skaþan (accusative plural)
skaþini (genitive singular)
skaþan (genitive singular)
skaþanō (genitive plural)
skaþini (dative singular)
skaþan (dative singular)
skaþum (dative plural)
skaþini (instrumental singular)
skaþan (instrumental singular)
skaþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: scaþa, sċeaþa

desc

Middle English: scaþe, scathe, schaþe, schathe

Old Frisian: skatha, sketha

Saterland Frisian: Skoade

West Frisian: skea

Old Saxon: skatho

Middle Low German: scade, schade, schāde

German Low German: Schaa

Old Dutch: scatho

desctree

Middle Dutch: schāde
Dutch: schade
Afrikaans: skade
Limburgish: sjaaj

Old High German: scado
Middle High German: schade
Central Franconian: Schade
German: Schaden
Hunsrik: Schaade
Luxembourgish: Schued
Yiddish: שאָד (shod)
→ Czech: škoda
→ Old Polish: szkoda
Polish: szkoda
→ Old East Slavic: шкода (škoda)
Belarusian: шко́да (škóda)
Russian: шко́да (škóda)
Ukrainian: шко́да (škóda)
→ Serbo-Croatian: škȍda, шко̏да
→ Slovak: škoda


hrīpō

hrīpō (nominative singular)
hrīpan (nominative plural)
hrīpan (accusative singular)
hrīpan (accusative plural)
hrīpini (genitive singular)
hrīpan (genitive singular)
hrīpanō (genitive plural)
hrīpini (dative singular)
hrīpan (dative singular)
hrīpum (dative plural)
hrīpini (instrumental singular)
hrīpan (instrumental singular)
hrīpum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *hrīpa

Saterland Frisian: Riep

Old Saxon: *hrīpo

Middle Low German: rîpe, rîp, rîfe

Old Dutch: *rīpo

Middle Dutch: ripe

Dutch: rijp

Afrikaans: ryp

Old High German: rīfo

Middle High German: rīfe, rīf

German: Reif

From the oblique stem of Proto-Germanic *hrīmô, *hrip-.


kōlijan

kōlijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
kōlijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
kōlijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
kōlijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
kōliju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
kōlidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
kōlisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
kōlidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kōlidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kōliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
kōlidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kōlidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kōlijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
kōlidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
kōliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
kōlidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
kōlijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
kōlidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
kōlijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
kōlidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
kōlijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
kōlidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kōlijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
kōlidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kōlijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
kōlidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
kōlijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
kōlidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
kōlijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
kōlidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
kōli (class-1 present singular weak)
kōliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
kōlijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
kōlid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: cœ̄lan, cēlan, ċēlan

Middle English: kelen, chelen

English: keel

Scots: kele, keyle

Old Frisian: kēla

Saterland Frisian: käile, köile

Old Saxon: *kōlian

desc

Middle Low German: kö̂len, koilen, kůlen

German Low German: köhlen

Old Dutch: *cuolen

Middle Dutch: coelen

Dutch: koelen

Afrikaans: koel

Limburgish: keule

Old High German: kuolen

Middle High German: küelen

Alemannic German: chüele

Bavarian: kuin, kühn

Central Franconian: köhle, kehle, kiehle

Luxembourgish: killen

German: kühlen

From Proto-Germanic *kōlijaną. Equivalent to *kōl(ī) (“cool”) + *-jan.


wrāku

wrāku (nominative singular)
wrākō (nominative plural)
wrākā (accusative singular)
wrākā (accusative plural)
wrākā (genitive singular)
wrākō (genitive plural)
wrākē (dative singular)
wrākōm (dative plural)
wrākum (dative plural)
wrāku (instrumental singular)
wrākōm (instrumental plural)
wrākum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wrǣc, wrǣċ

Middle English: wrake, wreke, wræche, wrache, wreche

Scots: wrak, wraik, wrek

English: wrack, wreak

Old Frisian: wrēke, wrēze, wrētze

West Frisian: wrake, wraak (possibly borrowed from Dutch)

Old Saxon: wrāka

Middle Low German: wrāke

Low German: Wraak

Old Dutch: wrāca

Middle Dutch: wrâke

Dutch: wraak

Afrikaans: wraak

Old High German: rāhha, rācha

Middle High German: rāche

German: Rache

→ Luxembourgish: Rach

→ Saterland Frisian: Rache


hrīm

hrīm (nominative singular)
hrīmō (nominative plural)
hrīmōs (nominative plural)
hrīm (accusative singular)
hrīmā (accusative plural)
hrīmas (genitive singular)
hrīmō (genitive plural)
hrīmē (dative singular)
hrīmum (dative plural)
hrīmu (instrumental singular)
hrīmum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hrīm

Middle English: rime, ryme

Scots: ryme, rime

English: rime

Old Frisian: *hrīm (in derivatives: hrīmich, hrīmech)

Old Dutch: *rīm

Middle Dutch: rijm

Dutch: rijm

Old High German: *hrīm, *rīm

Middle High German: rīm

Bavarian: Reim, Rein (Tyrol)

⇒ Middle High German: rīmelen, rīmeln (“to be covered with rime”)

→ Old French: frime; frimas

Middle French: frimas

French: frimas

From the nominative stem of Proto-Germanic *hrīmô.


flaskā

flaskā (nominative singular)
flaskōn (nominative plural)
flaskōn (accusative singular)
flaskōn (accusative plural)
flaskōn (genitive singular)
flaskōnō (genitive plural)
flaskōn (dative singular)
flaskōm (dative plural)
flaskum (dative plural)
flaskōn (instrumental singular)
flaskōm (instrumental plural)
flaskum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: flasce, flaxe
Middle English: flask, flaske (partly)
English: flask
→ Irish: fleasc
→ Welsh: fflasg
Scots: flask, flas

Old Frisian: *fleske, *flesche

West Frisian: flesse

Old Saxon: *flaska

Middle Low German: vlasche

German Low German: Fless

Old Dutch: *flasca

desc

Middle Dutch: flassce, flesce, vlessche, vlesch, vles

Dutch: fles

Afrikaans: fles

Old High German: flasca, flaska

Middle High German: vlasche, flesche

Alemannic German: Fläsche

Swabian: Flasch

Central Franconian:

Kölsch: Fläsch

desctree

German: Flasche
→ Macedonian: флаша (flaša)
→ Old Slovak: fľaša, fľäša
Pannonian Rusyn: фляша (fljaša)
Slovak: fľaša
→ Polish: flasza
⇒ Polish: flaszka
→ Belarusian: пля́шка (pljáška)
→ Ukrainian: пля́шка (pljáška), фля́жка (fljážka)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: флаша
Latin script: flaša

Luxembourgish: Fläsch

Rhine Franconian:

Hessian: Flasch

Vilamovian: fłoś

Yiddish: פֿלאַש (flash)

→ Russian: фля́жка (fljážka)

→ Late Latin: flascō, flasca (see there for further descendants)


agiþahsijā

agiþahsijā (nominative singular)
agiþahsijōn (nominative plural)
agiþahsijōn (accusative singular)
agiþahsijōn (accusative plural)
agiþahsijōn (genitive singular)
agiþahsijōnō (genitive plural)
agiþahsijōn (dative singular)
agiþahsijōm (dative plural)
agiþahsijum (dative plural)
agiþahsijōn (instrumental singular)
agiþahsijōm (instrumental plural)
agiþahsijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: āþexe
Middle English: aske, arske
English: ask, askard
Scots: ask, esk, awsk

Old Saxon: egithassa, ewidehsa
Middle Low German: gedisse, egidesse
German Low German: Eevtaske, Heevtaske, Eevtask, Heevtask
Plautdietsch: Äajdakjs, Äajdakjsel

Old Dutch: *egithassa

Middle Dutch: hāgetisse

Dutch: hagedis
Afrikaans: akkedis
Negerhollands: kakatės, kakketis
→ Virgin Islands Creole: kakates (dated)
→ Aukan: lagadisa
→ Sranan Tongo: lagadisa
→ West Frisian: hagedis

Limburgish: eektes, herdis, ees, redis

Old High German: egidehsa, ewidehsa
Middle High German: egedëhse, eidëhse
Alemannic German: Heidëchsli
Bavarian: Adachsl, Eidachsl
German: Eidechse, Echse
→ Luxembourgish: Eidechs
Luxembourgish: Eederes (dated)
Vilamovian: edikjys
Yiddish: עקדיש (ekdish, “scorpion”)

From otherwise unattested *agi (“lizard, snake”), from Proto-Germanic *agiz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ógʷʰis, + *þehsan (whence Middle High German dehsan (“to swingle (flax)”), from *þehsaną, from Proto-Indo-European *tetḱ- (“to cut, hew”), + *-jā (agent suffix).

der

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache


apō

apō (nominative singular)
apan (nominative plural)
apan (accusative singular)
apan (accusative plural)
apini (genitive singular)
apan (genitive singular)
apanō (genitive plural)
apini (dative singular)
apan (dative singular)
apum (dative plural)
apini (instrumental singular)
apan (instrumental singular)
apum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: apa
Middle English: ape, eape, aape
English: ape
Scots: ape, aip

Old Frisian: *apa

North Frisian: aab (Föhr-Amrum), ååwe (Mooring)

Saterland Frisian: Oape

West Frisian: aap

Old Saxon: apo
Middle Low German: āpe
Low German: Ape
German Low German: Aap
Plautdietsch: Op

Old Dutch: *apo

Middle Dutch: āpe

Dutch: aap
Afrikaans: aap

Old High German: affo
Middle High German: affe
Alemannic German: Aff
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Aff
German: Affe
Luxembourgish: Af
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Aff
Yiddish: אַפֿע (afe)

→ Proto-Slavic: *opъ

⇒ Proto-Slavic: *opica (see there for further descendants)


agr

agr (nominative singular)
agrō (nominative plural)
agrōs (nominative plural)
agr (accusative singular)
agrā (accusative plural)
agras (genitive singular)
agrō (genitive plural)
agrē (dative singular)
agrum (dative plural)
agru (instrumental singular)
agrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ēagor

English: eagre

Old Dutch: *aggar

Middle Dutch: *agger

Dutch: agger


gīsl

gīsl (nominative singular)
gīslō (nominative plural)
gīslōs (nominative plural)
gīsl (accusative singular)
gīslā (accusative plural)
gīslas (genitive singular)
gīslō (genitive plural)
gīslē (dative singular)
gīslum (dative plural)
gīslu (instrumental singular)
gīslum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġīsel, ġīsl

Middle English: ȝisel, ȝisle

Old Saxon: gīsal

Middle Low German: gîsel

Low German: Giesel

Old Dutch: *gīsal

Middle Dutch: gisel

Dutch: gijzel

→ West Frisian: gizel

Middle Dutch: giselare

Dutch: gijzelaar

→ West Frisian: gizeler

Old High German: gīsal

Middle High German: gīsel

German: Geisel

→ German Low German: Geisel


kauwjan

kauwjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
kauwjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
kauwjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
kauwjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
kauwju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
kawidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
kawisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
kawidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kawidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kawiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
kawidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kawidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kauwjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
kawidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
kawiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
kawidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
kauwjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
kawidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
kauwjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
kawidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
kauwjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
kawidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kauwjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
kawidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kauwjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
kawidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
kauwjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
kawidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
kauwjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
kawidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
kawi (class-1 present singular weak)
kawiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
kauwjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
kawid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: ċīeġan

⇒ Old English: ġeċīeġan

Middle English: ȝeciȝen, icheien

Old High German: *kewen

⇒ Old High German: gikewen