dwās

dwās (masculine nominative singular)
dwāsu (feminine nominative singular)
dwās (neuter nominative singular)
dwāsanā (accusative masculine singular)
dwāsā (accusative feminine singular)
dwās (accusative neuter singular)
dwāsas (genitive masculine singular)
dwāseʀā (feminine genitive singular)
dwāsas (genitive neuter singular)
dwāsumē (dative masculine singular)
dwāseʀē (dative feminine singular)
dwāsumē (dative neuter singular)
dwāsu (instrumental masculine singular)
dwāseʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
dwāsu (instrumental neuter singular)
dwāsē (masculine nominative plural)
dwāsō (feminine nominative plural)
dwāsu (neuter nominative plural)
dwāsā (accusative masculine plural)
dwāsā (accusative feminine plural)
dwāsu (accusative neuter plural)
dwāseʀō (genitive masculine plural)
dwāseʀō (feminine genitive plural)
dwāseʀō (genitive neuter plural)
dwāsēm (dative masculine plural)
dwāsum (dative masculine plural)
dwāsēm (dative feminine plural)
dwāsum (dative feminine plural)
dwāsēm (dative neuter plural)
dwāsum (dative neuter plural)
dwāsēm (instrumental masculine plural)
dwāsum (instrumental masculine plural)
dwāsēm (feminine instrumental plural)
dwāsum (feminine instrumental plural)
dwāsēm (instrumental neuter plural)
dwāsum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: dwǣs

Middle English: dwæs

Old Frisian: dwēs

Old Saxon: *dwās

Middle Low German: dwâs

Low German: dwas

Old Dutch: *dwās

Middle Dutch: dwâes

Dutch: dwaas

Afrikaans: dwaas

→ West Frisian: dwaas (noun)

Limburgish: dwaos

Old High German: *dwās, *twās

Middle High German: twās, dwās


muggju

muggju (nominative singular)
muggjō (nominative plural)
muggjā (accusative singular)
muggjā (accusative plural)
muggjā (genitive singular)
muggjō (genitive plural)
muggjē (dative singular)
muggjōm (dative plural)
muggjum (dative plural)
muggju (instrumental singular)
muggjōm (instrumental plural)
muggjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: myċġ

Middle English: migge, mydge

Scots: mige

English: midge

Old Frisian: *megge, *migge

Saterland Frisian: Määge

West Frisian: mich

Old Saxon: muggia, mugga

Middle Low German: mügge

German Low German: Mügge, Mügg

→ Old Norse: myg

Danish: myg

Swedish: mygga, mygg

Norwegian: mygg

Old Dutch: *mugga, muggo (in to-names)

Middle Dutch: mugge

Dutch: mug

Afrikaans: muggie

Old High German: mugga, mukka, mucka

desctree

Middle High German: mügge
German: Mücke
Hunsrik: Mick
Luxembourgish: Méck


waddjōn

waddjōn (infinitive)
waddjōnijas (genitive infinitive)
waddjōnijē (dative infinitive)
waddjōniju (infinitive instrumental)
waddjō (first-person present singular)
waddjōdā (first-person past singular)
waddjōs (present second-person singular)
waddjōdēs (past second-person singular)
waddjōdōs (past second-person singular)
waddjōþ (present singular third-person)
waddjōdē (past singular third-person)
waddjōdā (past singular third-person)
waddjōm (first-person plural present)
waddjōdum (first-person past plural)
waddjōþ (plural present second-person)
waddjōdud (past plural second-person)
waddjōnþ (plural present third-person)
waddjōdun (past plural third-person)
waddjōdī (first-person past singular)
waddjōdī (past second-person singular)
waddjō (present singular third-person)
waddjōdī (past singular third-person)
waddjōdīm (first-person past plural)
waddjōdīd (past plural second-person)
waddjōn (plural present third-person)
waddjōdīn (past plural third-person)
waddjō (present singular)
waddjōþ (plural present)
waddjōndī (participle present)
waddjōd (participle past)

Old English: weddian

Middle English: wedden

Scots: wed, wod, wad

English: wed

Old Frisian: weddia

Saterland Frisian: wädje

West Frisian: wedzje

Old Saxon: *weddōn

Middle Low German: wedden

Low German: wedden

Dutch Low Saxon: wedden

Old Dutch: *weddon
Middle Dutch: wedden
Dutch: wedden
Afrikaans: wed

Old High German: wettōn

Middle High German: wetten

Cimbrian: béttan

German: wetten

Luxembourgish: wetten

→ Old French: waigier, guagier, gagier

Middle French: gager

French: gager

→ Middle English: wagen; gagen

English: wage; gage

From Proto-Germanic *wadjōną. Equivalent to *wadi (“wager”) + *-ōn.


skelban

skelban (infinitive)
skelbannjas (genitive infinitive)
skelbannjē (dative infinitive)
skelbannju (infinitive instrumental)
skelbu (first-person present singular)
skalb (first-person past singular)
skilbiʀi (present second-person singular)
skulbī (past second-person singular)
skilbidi (present singular third-person)
skalb (past singular third-person)
skelbum (first-person plural present)
skulbum (first-person past plural)
skilbid (plural present second-person)
skulbud (past plural second-person)
skelband (plural present third-person)
skulbun (past plural third-person)
skelbē (first-person present singular)
skulbī (first-person past singular)
skelbēs (present second-person singular)
skelbē (present singular third-person)
skulbī (past singular third-person)
skelbēm (first-person plural present)
skulbīm (first-person past plural)
skelbēþ (plural present second-person)
skulbīd (past plural second-person)
skelbēn (plural present third-person)
skulbīn (past plural third-person)
skilb (present singular)
skilbid (plural present)
skelbandī (participle present)
skolban (participle past)

Old English: sċelfan


līkijan

līkijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
līkijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
līkijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
līkijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
līkiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
līkidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
līkisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
līkidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
līkidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
līkiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
līkidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
līkidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
līkijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
līkidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
līkiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
līkidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
līkijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
līkidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
līkijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
līkidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
līkijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
līkidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
līkijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
līkidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
līkijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
līkidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
līkijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
līkidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
līkijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
līkidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
līki (class-1 present singular weak)
līkiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
līkijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
līkid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: līkian

Middle Low German: līken

Old Dutch: *līken

Middle Dutch: liken

Old High German: līhhen

Middle High German: līchen

to make similar to, to make alike, to even


haimattjan

haimattjan (infinitive)
haimattjannjas (genitive infinitive)
haimattjannjē (dative infinitive)
haimattjannju (infinitive instrumental)
haimattju (first-person present singular)
haimattā (first-person past singular)
haimatisi (present second-person singular)
haimattēs (past second-person singular)
haimattōs (past second-person singular)
haimatiþi (present singular third-person)
haimattē (past singular third-person)
haimattā (past singular third-person)
haimattjum (first-person plural present)
haimattum (first-person past plural)
haimatiþ (plural present second-person)
haimattud (past plural second-person)
haimattjanþ (plural present third-person)
haimattun (past plural third-person)
haimattjē (first-person present singular)
haimattī (first-person past singular)
haimattjēs (present second-person singular)
haimattī (past second-person singular)
haimattjē (present singular third-person)
haimattī (past singular third-person)
haimattjēm (first-person plural present)
haimattīm (first-person past plural)
haimattjēþ (plural present second-person)
haimattīd (past plural second-person)
haimattjēn (plural present third-person)
haimattīn (past plural third-person)
haimati (present singular)
haimatiþ (plural present)
haimattjandī (participle present)
haimatt (participle past)

Old English: hāmettan

Old High German: *heimezzen, *heimezen

>? Middle High German: heimsen (possibly; 14th century and rare)

German: heimsen, einheimsen

From Proto-Germanic *haimatjaną. Equivalent to *haim + *-attjan.


aikwernō

aikwernō (nominative singular)
aikwernan (nominative plural)
aikwernan (accusative singular)
aikwernan (accusative plural)
aikwirnini (genitive singular)
aikwernan (genitive singular)
aikwernanō (genitive plural)
aikwirnini (dative singular)
aikwernan (dative singular)
aikwernum (dative plural)
aikwirnini (instrumental singular)
aikwernan (instrumental singular)
aikwernum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ācweorna
Middle English: acquerne, aquerne, ocquerne, okerne, aquierne
>? English: con, conn (“squirrel”) (dialectal) (compare Old Norse íkorni)
>? Scots: con (“squirrel”) (compare Old Norse íkorni)

Old Frisian: *ēkworna, *ēkhorna

Saterland Frisian: *Eker, *Eeker

desc

>? Saterland Frisian: Katteker, Kateeker (compare German Eichkater)

West Frisian: iikhoarn

⇒ West Frisian: iikhoarntsje

desctree

Old Saxon: *ēkhorno
Middle Low German: êkhōrn, êkhōrne, eikhōrne, êkhorn, êkōrn, eikōrn, êkōrne, echhorne
⇒ Dutch Low Saxon: Eekhoorntje
German Low German: Eekhoorn, Ekkern
Westphalian:
Ravensbergisch: Aik, Aikern
Sauerländisch: Ēksken, Aikerte
⇒ German Low German: Eekhoorntje

Old Dutch: *ēcorno
Middle Dutch: êencōren
Dutch: eekhoorn

Old High German: eihhorno, eihhurno
Middle High German: eichurne
Alemannic German: Eichhore, Eichhörnli
German: Eichhorn
⇒ German: Eichhörnchen
⇒ Hunsrik: Eichhernche


dōk

dōk (nominative singular)
dōkō (nominative plural)
dōkōs (nominative plural)
dōk (accusative singular)
dōkā (accusative plural)
dōkas (genitive singular)
dōkō (genitive plural)
dōkē (dative singular)
dōkum (dative plural)
dōku (instrumental singular)
dōkum (instrumental plural)

desc

>? Old English: dōc (“bastard, mongrel”) (with change in meaning)

Old Frisian: dōk

Saterland Frisian: Douk

West Frisian: doek

Old Saxon: dōk

Middle Low German: dôk, dûk

German Low German: Dook

desctree

→ Old Norse: dúkr
Icelandic: dúkur
Faroese: dúkur
Norwegian Bokmål: duk
Norwegian Nynorsk: duk
Old Swedish: dūker
Swedish: duk, dok
Danish: dug

Old Dutch: *dōk, *duoc

Middle Dutch: doec
Dutch: doek
Afrikaans: doek
→ English: doek
→ Shona: dhuku
Berbice Creole Dutch: duku
Jersey Dutch: duk
Negerhollands: doek, doekoe
→ Akan: duku
→ Nkonya: duku
→ Wali (Ghana): ’duuku
→ Akebu: ɖuku-yǝ (via an intermediary language)
→ Lokono: doko
→ Aukan: duku
→ English: duck, dook
→ Fon: dukwí
→ Indonesian: duk
→ Japanese: ズック
→ Mbelime: dukìhṵ̀ (via an intermediary language)
→ Nawdm: dukŋa (via an intermediary language)
→ Scots: dook
→ Sranan Tongo: duku
→ Caribbean Javanese: duku
→ Dutch: doekoe
Limburgish: dook

Old High German: tuoh

Middle High German: tuoch

Alemannic German: Tuech

Swabian: Tuach

Central Franconian: Duch

Cimbrian: tuach

German: Tuch

→ Esperanto: tuko

Luxembourgish: Duch

Pennsylvania German: Duch

Yiddish: טוך (tukh)

Lombardic: *tuoh

→ Lombard: toh

→ Italian: tocca, toca, tòcche

→? Spanish: toca

→ Middle French: tocque

French: toque

English: toque

→ Old High German: toh


skurgijan

skurgijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
skurgijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
skurgijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
skurgijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
skurgiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skurgidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skurgisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skurgidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skurgidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skurgiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skurgidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skurgidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skurgijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skurgidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skurgiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skurgidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skurgijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skurgidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skurgijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skurgidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skurgijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skurgidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skurgijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skurgidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skurgijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skurgidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skurgijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skurgidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skurgijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skurgidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skurgi (class-1 present singular weak)
skurgiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
skurgijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
skurgid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Dutch: scurgen

Old High German: scurgen

Middle High German: schürgen


þrindan

þrindan (infinitive)
þrindannjas (genitive infinitive)
þrindannjē (dative infinitive)
þrindannju (infinitive instrumental)
þrindu (first-person present singular)
þrand (first-person past singular)
þrindiʀi (present second-person singular)
þrundī (past second-person singular)
þrindidi (present singular third-person)
þrand (past singular third-person)
þrindum (first-person plural present)
þrundum (first-person past plural)
þrindid (plural present second-person)
þrundud (past plural second-person)
þrindand (plural present third-person)
þrundun (past plural third-person)
þrindē (first-person present singular)
þrundī (first-person past singular)
þrindēs (present second-person singular)
þrindē (present singular third-person)
þrundī (past singular third-person)
þrindēm (first-person plural present)
þrundīm (first-person past plural)
þrindēþ (plural present second-person)
þrundīd (past plural second-person)
þrindēn (plural present third-person)
þrundīn (past plural third-person)
þrind (present singular)
þrindid (plural present)
þrindandī (participle present)
þrundan (participle past)

Old English: þrindan

Old High German: *drindan

Middle High German: drinden


þrintan

þrintan (infinitive)
þrintannjas (genitive infinitive)
þrintannjē (dative infinitive)
þrintannju (infinitive instrumental)
þrintu (first-person present singular)
þrant (first-person past singular)
þrintiʀi (present second-person singular)
þruntī (past second-person singular)
þrintidi (present singular third-person)
þrant (past singular third-person)
þrintum (first-person plural present)
þruntum (first-person past plural)
þrintid (plural present second-person)
þruntud (past plural second-person)
þrintand (plural present third-person)
þruntun (past plural third-person)
þrintē (first-person present singular)
þruntī (first-person past singular)
þrintēs (present second-person singular)
þrintē (present singular third-person)
þruntī (past singular third-person)
þrintēm (first-person plural present)
þruntīm (first-person past plural)
þrintēþ (plural present second-person)
þruntīd (past plural second-person)
þrintēn (plural present third-person)
þruntīn (past plural third-person)
þrint (present singular)
þrintid (plural present)
þrintandī (participle present)
þruntan (participle past)

Old English: *þrintan

⇒ Old English: aþrintan

Old Saxon: *thrintan

Middle Low German: drinten

Old Dutch: *thrintan

Middle Dutch: drinten

>? Old High German:

>? Middle High German: trinten (unclear why the verb has an initial t-)


skrindan

skrindan (infinitive)
skrindannjas (genitive infinitive)
skrindannjē (dative infinitive)
skrindannju (infinitive instrumental)
skrindu (first-person present singular)
skrand (first-person past singular)
skrindiʀi (present second-person singular)
skrundī (past second-person singular)
skrindidi (present singular third-person)
skrand (past singular third-person)
skrindum (first-person plural present)
skrundum (first-person past plural)
skrindid (plural present second-person)
skrundud (past plural second-person)
skrindand (plural present third-person)
skrundun (past plural third-person)
skrindē (first-person present singular)
skrundī (first-person past singular)
skrindēs (present second-person singular)
skrindē (present singular third-person)
skrundī (past singular third-person)
skrindēm (first-person plural present)
skrundīm (first-person past plural)
skrindēþ (plural present second-person)
skrundīd (past plural second-person)
skrindēn (plural present third-person)
skrundīn (past plural third-person)
skrind (present singular)
skrindid (plural present)
skrindandī (participle present)
skrundan (participle past)

Old Saxon: *skrindan

Middle Low German: schrinden

Old Dutch: *scrindan

Middle Dutch: schrinden

Old High German: skrintan, *skrindan

Middle High German: schrinden


swinkan

swinkan (infinitive)
swinkannjas (genitive infinitive)
swinkannjē (dative infinitive)
swinkannju (infinitive instrumental)
swinku (first-person present singular)
swank (first-person past singular)
swinkiʀi (present second-person singular)
swunkī (past second-person singular)
swinkidi (present singular third-person)
swank (past singular third-person)
swinkum (first-person plural present)
swunkum (first-person past plural)
swinkid (plural present second-person)
swunkud (past plural second-person)
swinkand (plural present third-person)
swunkun (past plural third-person)
swinkē (first-person present singular)
swunkī (first-person past singular)
swinkēs (present second-person singular)
swinkē (present singular third-person)
swunkī (past singular third-person)
swinkēm (first-person plural present)
swunkīm (first-person past plural)
swinkēþ (plural present second-person)
swunkīd (past plural second-person)
swinkēn (plural present third-person)
swunkīn (past plural third-person)
swink (present singular)
swinkid (plural present)
swinkandī (participle present)
swunkan (participle past)

Old Frisian: *swinka

desc

West Frisian: swinke (“to swivel, turn around”)

Old Saxon: *swinkan

>? Middle Low German: swinken (“to pour out, spill”)

Old Dutch: *swinkan

Middle Dutch: *swinken

Dutch: zwinken (“to swivel, turn around”) (dialectal)

→ Swedish: svinka (“to swerve, evade, be untrustworthy”)

→ Danish: svinke (“to swing, sway”)

Old High German: swinkan

Presumably from Proto-Germanic *swinkaną, perhaps a secondary strong verb to lost iterative *swinkōną, from earlier paradigm *swinkōþi ~ *swingunanþi, from pre-Proto-Germanic *swing⁽ʷ⁾ʰ-nā́-ti ~ *swing⁽ʷ⁾ʰ-un-ánti, related to *swingan (“to swing”).


tordawibil

tordawibil (nominative singular)
tordawibilō (nominative plural)
tordawibilōs (nominative plural)
tordawibil (accusative singular)
tordawibilā (accusative plural)
tordawibilas (genitive singular)
tordawibilō (genitive plural)
tordawibilē (dative singular)
tordawibilum (dative plural)
tordawibilu (instrumental singular)
tordawibilum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: tordwifel
Middle English: *tordwevel
English: turd weevil

Old Dutch: *tordewivil, *tortwivil

Middle Dutch: *tordewevel, *tortwevel

Dutch: tortwevel

From Proto-Germanic *turdawibilaz. Equivalent to *tord (“manure”) + *wibil (“beetle”).


wrimpan

wrimpan (infinitive)
wrimpannjas (genitive infinitive)
wrimpannjē (dative infinitive)
wrimpannju (infinitive instrumental)
wrimpu (first-person present singular)
wramp (first-person past singular)
wrimpiʀi (present second-person singular)
wrumpī (past second-person singular)
wrimpidi (present singular third-person)
wramp (past singular third-person)
wrimpum (first-person plural present)
wrumpum (first-person past plural)
wrimpid (plural present second-person)
wrumpud (past plural second-person)
wrimpand (plural present third-person)
wrumpun (past plural third-person)
wrimpē (first-person present singular)
wrumpī (first-person past singular)
wrimpēs (present second-person singular)
wrimpē (present singular third-person)
wrumpī (past singular third-person)
wrimpēm (first-person plural present)
wrumpīm (first-person past plural)
wrimpēþ (plural present second-person)
wrumpīd (past plural second-person)
wrimpēn (plural present third-person)
wrumpīn (past plural third-person)
wrimp (present singular)
wrimpid (plural present)
wrimpandī (participle present)
wrumpan (participle past)

Old Saxon: *wrimpan

Middle Low German: wrimpen

Old Dutch: *wrimpan

Middle Dutch: wrimpen, wrempen

Dutch: wrimpen (dated)

Old High German: *rimpfan

Middle High German: rimpfen


andaginnan

andaginnan (infinitive)
andaginnannjas (genitive infinitive)
andaginnannjē (dative infinitive)
andaginnannju (infinitive instrumental)
andaginnu (first-person present singular)
andagann (first-person past singular)
andaginniʀi (present second-person singular)
andagunnī (past second-person singular)
andaginnidi (present singular third-person)
andagann (past singular third-person)
andaginnum (first-person plural present)
andagunnum (first-person past plural)
andaginnid (plural present second-person)
andagunnud (past plural second-person)
andaginnand (plural present third-person)
andagunnun (past plural third-person)
andaginnē (first-person present singular)
andagunnī (first-person past singular)
andaginnēs (present second-person singular)
andaginnē (present singular third-person)
andagunnī (past singular third-person)
andaginnēm (first-person plural present)
andagunnīm (first-person past plural)
andaginnēþ (plural present second-person)
andagunnīd (past plural second-person)
andaginnēn (plural present third-person)
andagunnīn (past plural third-person)
andaginn (present singular)
andaginnid (plural present)
andaginnandī (participle present)
andagunnan (participle past)

Old English: onginnan

Old Saxon: andginnan, antginnan

Middle Low German: entginnen

Old Dutch: *antginnan

Middle Dutch: ontginnen

Dutch: ontginnen

Old High German: *antginnan

Middle High German: enginnen, entginnen

From *anda- + *ginnan, the simplex verb is not attested but is derived from Proto-Germanic *ginnaną.


brimman

brimman (infinitive)
brimmannjas (genitive infinitive)
brimmannjē (dative infinitive)
brimmannju (infinitive instrumental)
brimmu (first-person present singular)
bramm (first-person past singular)
brimmiʀi (present second-person singular)
brummī (past second-person singular)
brimmidi (present singular third-person)
bramm (past singular third-person)
brimmum (first-person plural present)
brummum (first-person past plural)
brimmid (plural present second-person)
brummud (past plural second-person)
brimmand (plural present third-person)
brummun (past plural third-person)
brimmē (first-person present singular)
brummī (first-person past singular)
brimmēs (present second-person singular)
brimmē (present singular third-person)
brummī (past singular third-person)
brimmēm (first-person plural present)
brummīm (first-person past plural)
brimmēþ (plural present second-person)
brummīd (past plural second-person)
brimmēn (plural present third-person)
brummīn (past plural third-person)
brimm (present singular)
brimmid (plural present)
brimmandī (participle present)
brumman (participle past)

Old Saxon: *brimman

Middle Low German: brimmen

Old Dutch: *brimman

Middle Dutch: brimmen

Old High German: *brimman

Middle High German: brimmen


breman

breman (infinitive)
bremannjas (genitive infinitive)
bremannjē (dative infinitive)
bremannju (infinitive instrumental)
bremu (first-person present singular)
bram (first-person past singular)
brimiʀi (present second-person singular)
brāmī (past second-person singular)
brimidi (present singular third-person)
bram (past singular third-person)
bremum (first-person plural present)
brāmum (first-person past plural)
brimid (plural present second-person)
brāmud (past plural second-person)
bremand (plural present third-person)
brāmun (past plural third-person)
bremē (first-person present singular)
brāmī (first-person past singular)
bremēs (present second-person singular)
bremē (present singular third-person)
brāmī (past singular third-person)
bremēm (first-person plural present)
brāmīm (first-person past plural)
bremēþ (plural present second-person)
brāmīd (past plural second-person)
bremēn (plural present third-person)
brāmīn (past plural third-person)
brim (present singular)
brimid (plural present)
bremandī (participle present)
bruman (participle past)

Old Dutch: *breman

Middle Dutch: brēmen

Old High German: *breman

Middle High German: bremen

⇒ Old High German: brema (noun)

Middle High German: breme

Alemannic German: Brämme

German: Breme (archaic)

→ Galician: bremar


adisō

adisō (nominative singular)
adisan (nominative plural)
adisan (accusative singular)
adisan (accusative plural)
adisini (genitive singular)
adisan (genitive singular)
adisanō (genitive plural)
adisini (dative singular)
adisan (dative singular)
adisum (dative plural)
adisini (instrumental singular)
adisan (instrumental singular)
adisum (instrumental plural)

Old English: adesa, eadesa

Middle English: adse

Scots: eetch

English: adze


kradul

kradul (nominative singular)
kradulō (nominative plural)
kradulōs (nominative plural)
kradul (accusative singular)
kradulā (accusative plural)
kradulas (genitive singular)
kradulō (genitive plural)
kradulē (dative singular)
kradulum (dative plural)
kradulu (instrumental singular)
kradulum (instrumental plural)

Old English: cradol, cradel
Middle English: cradel, credel
English: cradle
Scots: cradill, credill

From Proto-Germanic *kradulaz. Equivalent to *kradō + *-ul.


sīmō

sīmō (nominative singular)
sīman (nominative plural)
sīman (accusative singular)
sīman (accusative plural)
sīmini (genitive singular)
sīman (genitive singular)
sīmanō (genitive plural)
sīmini (dative singular)
sīman (dative singular)
sīmum (dative plural)
sīmini (instrumental singular)
sīman (instrumental singular)
sīmum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sīma

Old Frisian: sīma, sīm

North Frisian: seem

Old Saxon: sīmo


kwelan

kwelan (infinitive)
kwelannjas (genitive infinitive)
kwelannjē (dative infinitive)
kwelannju (infinitive instrumental)
kwelu (first-person present singular)
kwal (first-person past singular)
kwiliʀi (present second-person singular)
kwālī (past second-person singular)
kwilidi (present singular third-person)
kwal (past singular third-person)
kwelum (first-person plural present)
kwālum (first-person past plural)
kwilid (plural present second-person)
kwālud (past plural second-person)
kweland (plural present third-person)
kwālun (past plural third-person)
kwelē (first-person present singular)
kwālī (first-person past singular)
kwelēs (present second-person singular)
kwelē (present singular third-person)
kwālī (past singular third-person)
kwelēm (first-person plural present)
kwālīm (first-person past plural)
kwelēþ (plural present second-person)
kwālīd (past plural second-person)
kwelēn (plural present third-person)
kwālīn (past plural third-person)
kwil (present singular)
kwilid (plural present)
kwelandī (participle present)
kolan (participle past)

Old English: cwelan

Middle English: quelen

English: queal

Old Saxon: quelan

Middle Low German: quelen

Old Dutch: *quelan

Middle Dutch: quēlen, queilen

Dutch: kwelen

→ Middle English: quaylen

English: quail

Old High German: quelan

Middle High German: queln

German: quälen


slingwan

slingwan (infinitive)
slingwannjas (genitive infinitive)
slingwannjē (dative infinitive)
slingwannju (infinitive instrumental)
slingu (first-person present singular)
slangw (first-person past singular)
slingwiʀi (present second-person singular)
slungī (past second-person singular)
slingwidi (present singular third-person)
slangw (past singular third-person)
slingum (first-person plural present)
slungum (first-person past plural)
slingwid (plural present second-person)
slungud (past plural second-person)
slingwand (plural present third-person)
slungun (past plural third-person)
slingwē (first-person present singular)
slungī (first-person past singular)
slingwēs (present second-person singular)
slingwē (present singular third-person)
slungī (past singular third-person)
slingwēm (first-person plural present)
slungīm (first-person past plural)
slingwēþ (plural present second-person)
slungīd (past plural second-person)
slingwēn (plural present third-person)
slungīn (past plural third-person)
slingw (present singular)
slingwid (plural present)
slingwandī (participle present)
slungan (participle past)

Old English: slingan

Middle English: slyngen

English: sling

Old Saxon: slingan

Middle Low German: slingen

Low German: slingen

Old Dutch: *slingan

Middle Dutch: slingen

Dutch: slingen

⇒ Middle Dutch: slingeren

Dutch: slingeren

Old High German: slingan

Middle High German: slingen

German: schlingen


sebundō

sebundō (masculine nominative singular)
sebundā (feminine nominative singular)
sebundā (neuter nominative singular)
sebundan (accusative masculine singular)
sebundōn (accusative feminine singular)
sebundā (accusative neuter singular)
sebundini (genitive masculine singular)
sebundan (genitive masculine singular)
sebundōn (feminine genitive singular)
sebundini (genitive neuter singular)
sebundan (genitive neuter singular)
sebundini (dative masculine singular)
sebundan (dative masculine singular)
sebundōn (dative feminine singular)
sebundini (dative neuter singular)
sebundan (dative neuter singular)
sebundini (instrumental masculine singular)
sebundan (instrumental masculine singular)
sebundōn (feminine instrumental singular)
sebundini (instrumental neuter singular)
sebundan (instrumental neuter singular)
sebundan (masculine nominative plural)
sebundōn (feminine nominative plural)
sebundōn (neuter nominative plural)
sebundan (accusative masculine plural)
sebundōn (accusative feminine plural)
sebundōn (accusative neuter plural)
sebundanō (genitive masculine plural)
sebundōnō (feminine genitive plural)
sebundanō (genitive neuter plural)
sebundum (dative masculine plural)
sebundōm (dative feminine plural)
sebundum (dative feminine plural)
sebundum (dative neuter plural)
sebundum (instrumental masculine plural)
sebundōm (feminine instrumental plural)
sebundum (feminine instrumental plural)
sebundum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: seofoþa
Middle English: seventhe, sefnthe, sefte, sefth, sevend, sevende, seventh, sevenþe, seveþe, sevynte, sevynth, zevende, sefennde, seofaþe, seofeðe, seofoðe, seoveðe (Early Middle English)
English: seventh
Scots: seevent

Old Frisian: sigunda

Saterland Frisian: sogende

West Frisian: sânde

Old Saxon: sivondo, sivotho

Old Dutch: *sivondo

Middle Dutch: sēvende
Dutch: zevende
Afrikaans: sewende
Negerhollands: sevende, seevende
Limburgish: zeuvendje

Old High German: sibunto

Middle High German: sibente, sibende

Cimbrian: zibante

German: siebente, siebte

Yiddish: זיבעט (zibet)


leskan

leskan (infinitive)
leskannjas (genitive infinitive)
leskannjē (dative infinitive)
leskannju (infinitive instrumental)
lesku (first-person present singular)
lask (first-person past singular)
liskiʀi (present second-person singular)
luskī (past second-person singular)
liskidi (present singular third-person)
lask (past singular third-person)
leskum (first-person plural present)
luskum (first-person past plural)
liskid (plural present second-person)
luskud (past plural second-person)
leskand (plural present third-person)
luskun (past plural third-person)
leskē (first-person present singular)
luskī (first-person past singular)
leskēs (present second-person singular)
leskē (present singular third-person)
luskī (past singular third-person)
leskēm (first-person plural present)
luskīm (first-person past plural)
leskēþ (plural present second-person)
luskīd (past plural second-person)
leskēn (plural present third-person)
luskīn (past plural third-person)
lisk (present singular)
liskid (plural present)
leskandī (participle present)
loskan (participle past)

Old Saxon: leskan

Middle Low German: leschen

Old Dutch: *lescan

Middle Dutch: lesschen

Dutch: lessen

Afrikaans: les

Old High German: leskan

Middle High German: leschen

German: löschen

Yiddish: לעשן (leshn)


hardī

hardī (nominative singular)
hardīn (accusative singular)
hardīn (genitive singular)
hardīn (dative singular)
hardīn (instrumental singular)

Old High German: hartī, herte, hertī
Middle High German: herte
German: Härte

From Proto-Germanic *hardį̄. Equivalent to *hard(ī) (“hard”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).


witalaus

witalaus (masculine nominative singular)
witalausu (feminine nominative singular)
witalaus (neuter nominative singular)
witalausanā (accusative masculine singular)
witalausā (accusative feminine singular)
witalaus (accusative neuter singular)
witalausas (genitive masculine singular)
witalauseʀā (feminine genitive singular)
witalausas (genitive neuter singular)
witalausumē (dative masculine singular)
witalauseʀē (dative feminine singular)
witalausumē (dative neuter singular)
witalausu (instrumental masculine singular)
witalauseʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
witalausu (instrumental neuter singular)
witalausē (masculine nominative plural)
witalausō (feminine nominative plural)
witalausu (neuter nominative plural)
witalausā (accusative masculine plural)
witalausā (accusative feminine plural)
witalausu (accusative neuter plural)
witalauseʀō (genitive masculine plural)
witalauseʀō (feminine genitive plural)
witalauseʀō (genitive neuter plural)
witalausēm (dative masculine plural)
witalausum (dative masculine plural)
witalausēm (dative feminine plural)
witalausum (dative feminine plural)
witalausēm (dative neuter plural)
witalausum (dative neuter plural)
witalausēm (instrumental masculine plural)
witalausum (instrumental masculine plural)
witalausēm (feminine instrumental plural)
witalausum (feminine instrumental plural)
witalausēm (instrumental neuter plural)
witalausum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: witlēas

Middle English: witles

English: witless

desctree

Old High German: wizzilos
Middle High German: witzelōs
German: witzlos

Old Saxon: *witlōs

Middle Low German: witlôs


neundō

neundō (masculine nominative singular)
neundā (feminine nominative singular)
neundā (neuter nominative singular)
neundan (accusative masculine singular)
neundōn (accusative feminine singular)
neundā (accusative neuter singular)
niundini (genitive masculine singular)
neundan (genitive masculine singular)
neundōn (feminine genitive singular)
niundini (genitive neuter singular)
neundan (genitive neuter singular)
niundini (dative masculine singular)
neundan (dative masculine singular)
neundōn (dative feminine singular)
niundini (dative neuter singular)
neundan (dative neuter singular)
niundini (instrumental masculine singular)
neundan (instrumental masculine singular)
neundōn (feminine instrumental singular)
niundini (instrumental neuter singular)
neundan (instrumental neuter singular)
neundan (masculine nominative plural)
neundōn (feminine nominative plural)
neundōn (neuter nominative plural)
neundan (accusative masculine plural)
neundōn (accusative feminine plural)
neundōn (accusative neuter plural)
neundanō (genitive masculine plural)
neundōnō (feminine genitive plural)
neundanō (genitive neuter plural)
neundum (dative masculine plural)
neundōm (dative feminine plural)
neundum (dative feminine plural)
neundum (dative neuter plural)
neundum (instrumental masculine plural)
neundōm (feminine instrumental plural)
neundum (feminine instrumental plural)
neundum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: niġoþa
Middle English: nynthe, neȝende, nend, neyneþe, neynt, neynþe, niþe, nyneþe, nyend, nyghend, nynnte, nynte, nynþe, nyþe, nieðe, niȝeðe, niȝende, niȝoðe (Early Middle English)
English: ninth
Scots: nint, ninte, nyint, nynt, nynte

Old Frisian: nigunda

Saterland Frisian: njúgende

West Frisian: njoggende

Old Saxon: nigundo, nigutho

Old Dutch: *nigundo

Middle Dutch: nēgende
Dutch: negende
Afrikaans: negende
Negerhollands: negende, neegende
Limburgish: negendje

Old High German: niunto

Middle High German: niunte

Cimbrian: nòinte

German: neunte

Yiddish: נײַנט (naynt)


ahtudō

ahtudō (masculine nominative singular)
ahtudā (feminine nominative singular)
ahtudā (neuter nominative singular)
ahtudan (accusative masculine singular)
ahtudōn (accusative feminine singular)
ahtudā (accusative neuter singular)
ahtudini (genitive masculine singular)
ahtudan (genitive masculine singular)
ahtudōn (feminine genitive singular)
ahtudini (genitive neuter singular)
ahtudan (genitive neuter singular)
ahtudini (dative masculine singular)
ahtudan (dative masculine singular)
ahtudōn (dative feminine singular)
ahtudini (dative neuter singular)
ahtudan (dative neuter singular)
ahtudini (instrumental masculine singular)
ahtudan (instrumental masculine singular)
ahtudōn (feminine instrumental singular)
ahtudini (instrumental neuter singular)
ahtudan (instrumental neuter singular)
ahtudan (masculine nominative plural)
ahtudōn (feminine nominative plural)
ahtudōn (neuter nominative plural)
ahtudan (accusative masculine plural)
ahtudōn (accusative feminine plural)
ahtudōn (accusative neuter plural)
ahtudanō (genitive masculine plural)
ahtudōnō (feminine genitive plural)
ahtudanō (genitive neuter plural)
ahtudum (dative masculine plural)
ahtudōm (dative feminine plural)
ahtudum (dative feminine plural)
ahtudum (dative neuter plural)
ahtudum (instrumental masculine plural)
ahtudōm (feminine instrumental plural)
ahtudum (feminine instrumental plural)
ahtudum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: eahtoþa, eahteoþa, eahteþa, ehtoþa, ehteoþa, ehteþa, ehtuþa
Middle English: eiȝtthe, eahtuðe, ehtuðe, egteðe, eyghte, aght, eiȝteþe, eyteth, eghte, aiȝtede, eighthe, eghþe, eytþe, eȝte, eytiþ, eiȝtþe
English: eighth
Scots: echt

desc

Old Frisian: achtunda, achtenda, achtanda

Saterland Frisian: oachte

West Frisian: achtste

Old Saxon: ahtodo

Westphalian:

Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: achde

Suerländer-Märkisch: achte

Westmünsterländisch: achte

Old Dutch: *ahtodo

Middle Dutch: achte

Old High German: ahtodo

Middle High German: ahtode, ahte, ahtede

Cimbrian: achtete

German: achte

Kölsch: aachde (Eischwiele Platt)

Luxembourgish: aacht

Yiddish: אַכט (akht)


tehundō

tehundō (masculine nominative singular)
tehundā (feminine nominative singular)
tehundā (neuter nominative singular)
tehundan (accusative masculine singular)
tehundōn (accusative feminine singular)
tehundā (accusative neuter singular)
tehundini (genitive masculine singular)
tehundan (genitive masculine singular)
tehundōn (feminine genitive singular)
tehundini (genitive neuter singular)
tehundan (genitive neuter singular)
tehundini (dative masculine singular)
tehundan (dative masculine singular)
tehundōn (dative feminine singular)
tehundini (dative neuter singular)
tehundan (dative neuter singular)
tehundini (instrumental masculine singular)
tehundan (instrumental masculine singular)
tehundōn (feminine instrumental singular)
tehundini (instrumental neuter singular)
tehundan (instrumental neuter singular)
tehundan (masculine nominative plural)
tehundōn (feminine nominative plural)
tehundōn (neuter nominative plural)
tehundan (accusative masculine plural)
tehundōn (accusative feminine plural)
tehundōn (accusative neuter plural)
tehundanō (genitive masculine plural)
tehundōnō (feminine genitive plural)
tehundanō (genitive neuter plural)
tehundum (dative masculine plural)
tehundōm (dative feminine plural)
tehundum (dative feminine plural)
tehundum (dative neuter plural)
tehundum (instrumental masculine plural)
tehundōm (feminine instrumental plural)
tehundum (feminine instrumental plural)
tehundum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: tēoþa, tēogoþa
Middle English: tethe, tythe, tithe
English: tithe
Scots: teith (obsolete)
⇒ Middle English: tenthe, tende
English: tenth
Scots: teind, tent

Old Frisian: tegotha, tegatha
Saterland Frisian: Teeged

⇒ Old Frisian: tiānda, tēnda

Saterland Frisian: tjaande

West Frisian: tsiende

Old Saxon: tegotho

desc

Middle Low German: tegede, tēgende, teyde

German Low German: Teegd

⇒ Old Saxon: tehando

Middle Low German: teinde

German Low German: tiehnde, tiehnd, tiehnte, tiehnt, teihnde, teihnd, teihnte, teihnt

⇒ German Low German: Teihnte m

Old Dutch: *tiando

desctree

Middle Dutch: tiende
Dutch: tiende
Afrikaans: tiende
Negerhollands: tiende
Limburgish: teendje, tieëndje

Old High German: zehanto

Middle High German: zëhente

Cimbrian: sègante

German: zehnte

Luxembourgish: zéngt

Yiddish: צענט (tsent)


fimftō

fimftō (masculine nominative singular)
fimftā (feminine nominative singular)
fimftā (neuter nominative singular)
fimftan (accusative masculine singular)
fimftōn (accusative feminine singular)
fimftā (accusative neuter singular)
fimftini (genitive masculine singular)
fimftan (genitive masculine singular)
fimftōn (feminine genitive singular)
fimftini (genitive neuter singular)
fimftan (genitive neuter singular)
fimftini (dative masculine singular)
fimftan (dative masculine singular)
fimftōn (dative feminine singular)
fimftini (dative neuter singular)
fimftan (dative neuter singular)
fimftini (instrumental masculine singular)
fimftan (instrumental masculine singular)
fimftōn (feminine instrumental singular)
fimftini (instrumental neuter singular)
fimftan (instrumental neuter singular)
fimftan (masculine nominative plural)
fimftōn (feminine nominative plural)
fimftōn (neuter nominative plural)
fimftan (accusative masculine plural)
fimftōn (accusative feminine plural)
fimftōn (accusative neuter plural)
fimftanō (genitive masculine plural)
fimftōnō (feminine genitive plural)
fimftanō (genitive neuter plural)
fimftum (dative masculine plural)
fimftōm (dative feminine plural)
fimftum (dative feminine plural)
fimftum (dative neuter plural)
fimftum (instrumental masculine plural)
fimftōm (feminine instrumental plural)
fimftum (feminine instrumental plural)
fimftum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: fīfta
Middle English: fifte
English: fifth
Scots: fift, fyft

Old Frisian: fīfta
North Frisian:
Föhr-Amrum: füft
Helgoland: füfs
Sylt: fifst
Saterland Frisian: fiefte, füüfte
West Frisian: fyfte

Old Saxon: fīfto

Old Dutch: *fīfto

Middle Dutch: vijfte, vichte (West Flemish)
Dutch: vijfde
Afrikaans: vyfde
Negerhollands: veifde
Limburgish: viefdje

Old High German: fimfto

Middle High German: fünfte

Cimbrian: vünvte, bümbte (Mezzaselva)

German: fünfte

Yiddish: פֿינפֿט (finft)


haup

haup (nominative singular)
haupō (nominative plural)
haupōs (nominative plural)
haup (accusative singular)
haupā (accusative plural)
haupas (genitive singular)
haupō (genitive plural)
haupē (dative singular)
haupum (dative plural)
haupu (instrumental singular)
haupum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hēap

Middle English: hepe, heep

English: heap

Scots: hepe, heip

Old Frisian: hāp

Saterland Frisian: Hoop

West Frisian: heap

Old Saxon: hōp

Middle Low German: hôp

German Low German: Hoop

→ Old Norse: hópr

Icelandic: hópur

Faroese: hópur

Norwegian: hop

Danish: hob

Swedish: hop

Old Dutch: *hōp

Middle Dutch: hôop

Dutch: hoop

Afrikaans: hoop

Limburgish: houp

Old High German: houf

Middle High German: houf

i

merged with <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*hūpô</i>

German: Haufen (merged with *hūpô)

→ Old French: houpe

Middle French: houppe

French: houppe


þoll

þoll (nominative singular)
þollō (nominative plural)
þollōs (nominative plural)
þoll (accusative singular)
þollā (accusative plural)
þollas (genitive singular)
þollō (genitive plural)
þollē (dative singular)
þollum (dative plural)
þollu (instrumental singular)
þollum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: þol, þoll
Middle English: thole
English: thole
→ Irish: dola

Old Frisian: tholl

Old Saxon: *tholl

Middle Low German: dulle, dolle

Low German: Doll, Dull

→ German: Dolle

Old Dutch: *tholl

Middle Dutch: dolle

Dutch: dol

→ Old French: *toll

⇒ Old French: *tollet

Middle French: tollet

French: tolet (see there for further descendants)


skipārī

skipārī (nominative singular)
skipārijō (nominative plural)
skipārijōs (nominative plural)
skipārī (accusative singular)
skipārijā (accusative plural)
skipārijas (genitive singular)
skipārijō (genitive plural)
skipārijē (dative singular)
skipārijum (dative plural)
skipāriju (instrumental singular)
skipārijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sċipere

Old Frisian: *skipere

Saterland Frisian: Skipper

West Frisian: skipper

Old Saxon: *skipāri

desc

Middle Low German: schippære, schippere, schēpere

German Low German: Schipper

→ German: Schipper

Old Dutch: *skipāri

Middle Dutch: schipper

Dutch: schipper

→ Middle English: skippere

English: skipper
→ German: Skipper

Old High German: *skiffāri

Middle High German: schiffære, schiffere

German: Schiffer

Yiddish: שיפֿער (shifer)

→ Vulgar Latin: *schipārī (or from Old Norse skipari)

desctree

Old French: eschipre, eskipre
Middle French: eschipre, esquipe, scippre

From Proto-Germanic *skipārijaz. Equivalent to *skip (“skip”) + *-ārī (“-er”).


bihōf

bihōf (nominative singular)
bihōfu (nominative plural)
bihōf (accusative singular)
bihōfu (accusative plural)
bihōfas (genitive singular)
bihōfō (genitive plural)
bihōfē (dative singular)
bihōfum (dative plural)
bihōfu (instrumental singular)
bihōfum (instrumental plural)

Old English: behōf

Middle English: bihove, behove

English: behoof

Scots: behufe, behuif

Old Frisian: bihōf

Saterland Frisian: Bihouf

West Frisian: behoef

Old Saxon: *bihōf

Middle Low German: behôf

German Low German: Behöf

⇒ German Low German: behövig

→ Danish: behov

→ Swedish: behov

Old Dutch: *bihuof

Middle Dutch: behoef

Dutch: behoef

Old High German: *bihuof

Middle High German: behuof

German: Behuf

From *bi- + *hōf, from Proto-Germanic *hōfą (“necessity”).


trappōn

trappōn (infinitive)
trappōnijas (genitive infinitive)
trappōnijē (dative infinitive)
trappōniju (infinitive instrumental)
trappō (first-person present singular)
trappōdā (first-person past singular)
trappōs (present second-person singular)
trappōdēs (past second-person singular)
trappōdōs (past second-person singular)
trappōþ (present singular third-person)
trappōdē (past singular third-person)
trappōdā (past singular third-person)
trappōm (first-person plural present)
trappōdum (first-person past plural)
trappōþ (plural present second-person)
trappōdud (past plural second-person)
trappōnþ (plural present third-person)
trappōdun (past plural third-person)
trappōdī (first-person past singular)
trappōdī (past second-person singular)
trappō (present singular third-person)
trappōdī (past singular third-person)
trappōdīm (first-person past plural)
trappōdīd (past plural second-person)
trappōn (plural present third-person)
trappōdīn (past plural third-person)
trappō (present singular)
trappōþ (plural present)
trappōndī (participle present)
trappōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *trappōn

Middle Low German: trappen

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: trappa, trappe

Old Dutch: *trappon, *trapon

Middle Dutch: trappen, *trapen

Dutch: trappen

⇒ Middle Dutch: betrapen

Dutch: betrapen (dialectal, Flemish)


prakkōn

prakkōn (infinitive)
prakkōnijas (genitive infinitive)
prakkōnijē (dative infinitive)
prakkōniju (infinitive instrumental)
prakkō (first-person present singular)
prakkōdā (first-person past singular)
prakkōs (present second-person singular)
prakkōdēs (past second-person singular)
prakkōdōs (past second-person singular)
prakkōþ (present singular third-person)
prakkōdē (past singular third-person)
prakkōdā (past singular third-person)
prakkōm (first-person plural present)
prakkōdum (first-person past plural)
prakkōþ (plural present second-person)
prakkōdud (past plural second-person)
prakkōnþ (plural present third-person)
prakkōdun (past plural third-person)
prakkōdī (first-person past singular)
prakkōdī (past second-person singular)
prakkō (present singular third-person)
prakkōdī (past singular third-person)
prakkōdīm (first-person past plural)
prakkōdīd (past plural second-person)
prakkōn (plural present third-person)
prakkōdīn (past plural third-person)
prakkō (present singular)
prakkōþ (plural present)
prakkōndī (participle present)
prakkōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *prakkōn

Middle Low German: *pracken

Low German: prakken

→ Norwegian:

→ Norwegian Bokmål: prakke

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: prakka, prakke

→ Swedish: pracka

→ Danish: prakke

Old Dutch: *prakkon

Middle Dutch: pracken

Dutch: prakken

Unclear, there are no known cognates outside Germanic. Kroonen reconstructs Proto-Germanic *prakkōną an iterative verb from Proto-Indo-European *brogʰ-néh₂-ti, and suggests a connection with *prangan (“to press”).


hnippōn

hnippōn (infinitive)
hnippōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hnippōnijē (dative infinitive)
hnippōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hnippō (first-person present singular)
hnippōdā (first-person past singular)
hnippōs (present second-person singular)
hnippōdēs (past second-person singular)
hnippōdōs (past second-person singular)
hnippōþ (present singular third-person)
hnippōdē (past singular third-person)
hnippōdā (past singular third-person)
hnippōm (first-person plural present)
hnippōdum (first-person past plural)
hnippōþ (plural present second-person)
hnippōdud (past plural second-person)
hnippōnþ (plural present third-person)
hnippōdun (past plural third-person)
hnippōdī (first-person past singular)
hnippōdī (past second-person singular)
hnippō (present singular third-person)
hnippōdī (past singular third-person)
hnippōdīm (first-person past plural)
hnippōdīd (past plural second-person)
hnippōn (plural present third-person)
hnippōdīn (past plural third-person)
hnippō (present singular)
hnippōþ (plural present)
hnippōndī (participle present)
hnippōd (participle past)

Old English: *hnippian

Middle English: nippen (possibly loaned from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German instead)

English: nip

Old Saxon: *hnippōn

Middle Low German: nippen

Low German: nippen

→ German: nippen

→ Norwegian Bokmål: nippe

→ Danish: nippe

Old Dutch: *nippon

Middle Dutch: nippen

Dutch: nippen

Old High German: *nipfōn

Middle High German: nipfen

German: nipfen (dialectal)


knippōn

knippōn (infinitive)
knippōnijas (genitive infinitive)
knippōnijē (dative infinitive)
knippōniju (infinitive instrumental)
knippō (first-person present singular)
knippōdā (first-person past singular)
knippōs (present second-person singular)
knippōdēs (past second-person singular)
knippōdōs (past second-person singular)
knippōþ (present singular third-person)
knippōdē (past singular third-person)
knippōdā (past singular third-person)
knippōm (first-person plural present)
knippōdum (first-person past plural)
knippōþ (plural present second-person)
knippōdud (past plural second-person)
knippōnþ (plural present third-person)
knippōdun (past plural third-person)
knippōdī (first-person past singular)
knippōdī (past second-person singular)
knippō (present singular third-person)
knippōdī (past singular third-person)
knippōdīm (first-person past plural)
knippōdīd (past plural second-person)
knippōn (plural present third-person)
knippōdīn (past plural third-person)
knippō (present singular)
knippōþ (plural present)
knippōndī (participle present)
knippōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *knippon

Middle Low German: knippen

Low German: knippen

Old Dutch: *cnippon

Middle Dutch: knippen

Dutch: knippen


beusu

beusu (nominative singular)
beusō (nominative plural)
beusā (accusative singular)
beusā (accusative plural)
beusā (genitive singular)
beusō (genitive plural)
beusē (dative singular)
beusōm (dative plural)
beusum (dative plural)
beusu (instrumental singular)
beusōm (instrumental plural)
beusum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *bēos

⇒ Old English: *Bēostūn (place name)

Middle English: Bestone, Bistone

English: Beeston

Old Frisian: *biāsa

West Frisian: biis, bies, bys

Old Saxon: bīosa

Middle Low German: bēse

Low German: Beese, Bäse, Baise, Buse, Bees, Bäis, Bäisen, Beesen

→ Middle High German: byese

Old Dutch: *biesa

Middle Dutch: biese, bise

Dutch: bies

⇒ Afrikaans: biesie

⇒ Old Dutch: Biest, Biesuth (place name)

Old High German: biosa, bieso

Middle High German: biese, bies, bize

German: Biese

Unknown. Due to the limited geographical distribution of the word and its narrow use of meaning, it is likely borrowed from a substrate.


slappōn

slappōn (infinitive)
slappōnijas (genitive infinitive)
slappōnijē (dative infinitive)
slappōniju (infinitive instrumental)
slappō (first-person present singular)
slappōdā (first-person past singular)
slappōs (present second-person singular)
slappōdēs (past second-person singular)
slappōdōs (past second-person singular)
slappōþ (present singular third-person)
slappōdē (past singular third-person)
slappōdā (past singular third-person)
slappōm (first-person plural present)
slappōdum (first-person past plural)
slappōþ (plural present second-person)
slappōdud (past plural second-person)
slappōnþ (plural present third-person)
slappōdun (past plural third-person)
slappōdī (first-person past singular)
slappōdī (past second-person singular)
slappō (present singular third-person)
slappōdī (past singular third-person)
slappōdīm (first-person past plural)
slappōdīd (past plural second-person)
slappōn (plural present third-person)
slappōdīn (past plural third-person)
slappō (present singular)
slappōþ (plural present)
slappōndī (participle present)
slappōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *slappōn

Middle Low German: slappen

Old Dutch: slappon

Middle Dutch: slappen

Dutch: slappen

Old High German: slaffōn

Middle High German: slaffen


liubiþu

liubiþu (nominative singular)
liubiþō (nominative plural)
liubiþā (accusative singular)
liubiþā (accusative plural)
liubiþā (genitive singular)
liubiþō (genitive plural)
liubiþē (dative singular)
liubiþōm (dative plural)
liubiþum (dative plural)
liubiþu (instrumental singular)
liubiþōm (instrumental plural)
liubiþum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: liāfithe, liāfte

Saterland Frisian: Ljoote

desc

West Frisian: leafde, ljeafde, liefde, lyfde

Old Saxon: *liuvitha, *lievitha

Middle Low German: lêvede, lêfde, lêfte, leefte

German Low German: Leevde, Leevd

Old Dutch: *liuvitha, *lievitha

Middle Dutch: lievede, liefde

desctree

Dutch: liefde
Afrikaans: liefde
Negerhollands: liefde, lievft

Old High German: *liubida

Middle High German: liebede, liebde

German: Liebde, Liebden

Luxembourgish: Léift


ambahtijan

ambahtijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
ambahtijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
ambahtijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
ambahtijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
ambahtiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
ambahtidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
ambahtisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
ambahtidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
ambahtidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
ambahtiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
ambahtidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
ambahtidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
ambahtijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
ambahtidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
ambahtiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
ambahtidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
ambahtijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
ambahtidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
ambahtijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
ambahtidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
ambahtijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
ambahtidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
ambahtijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
ambahtidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
ambahtijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
ambahtidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
ambahtijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
ambahtidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
ambahtijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
ambahtidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
ambahti (class-1 present singular weak)
ambahtiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
ambahtijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
ambahtid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: ambehtan

Old Saxon: *ambahtian

Middle Low German: ambachten

Old Dutch: ambahten

Middle Dutch: *ambachten

Dutch: ambachten (from an unattested Middle Dutch verb, or a more recently formed verb based on the related noun ambacht)

Old High German: ambahten

desc

Middle High German: ambahten, ambehten, ambten

⇒ Middle High German: ambehtære

From Proto-Germanic *ambahtijaną. Equivalent to *ambaht (“servant”) + *-jan.


ambahtī

ambahtī (nominative singular)
ambahtiju (nominative plural)
ambahtī (accusative singular)
ambahtiju (accusative plural)
ambahtijas (genitive singular)
ambahtijō (genitive plural)
ambahtijē (dative singular)
ambahtijum (dative plural)
ambahtiju (instrumental singular)
ambahtijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ambeht, ambiht, ambieht, ambyht

Old Frisian: ambecht, ambet, ambt

Saterland Frisian: Amt

West Frisian: ambacht

desctree

Old Saxon: ambaht, *ambehti
Middle Low German: ambacht, ambecht, ambet, ambt, amt
German Low German: Ambacht, Amt
→ Danish: amt

Old Dutch: *ambaht

Middle Dutch: ambacht

Dutch: ambacht
Afrikaans: ambag
→ Indonesian: ambah
Negerhollands: ambacht

Old High German: ambaht, ambahti, ampaht
Middle High German: ambahte, ambehte, ambet, ammet, ampt, amt
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: åmt
Mòcheno: omt
German: Amt, Ambt, Ammt, Ampt (obsolete)
Kölsch: Amp
Vilamovian: amt, aomt
→ Middle Dutch: ampt, amt
Dutch: ambt
Afrikaans: amp
Limburgish: amb

From Proto-Germanic *ambahtiją. Equivalent to *ambaht (“servant”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).


uppastigi

Old English: upstiġe, upstīġe

desc

Middle English: upstige, upstiȝe, upstei

Old Saxon: *upstīg

Middle Low German: upstîch

German Low German: Upstieg

Old High German: ūfstīg

Middle High German: ūfstīc

German: Aufstieg


krammōn

krammōn (infinitive)
krammōnijas (genitive infinitive)
krammōnijē (dative infinitive)
krammōniju (infinitive instrumental)
krammō (first-person present singular)
krammōdā (first-person past singular)
krammōs (present second-person singular)
krammōdēs (past second-person singular)
krammōdōs (past second-person singular)
krammōþ (present singular third-person)
krammōdē (past singular third-person)
krammōdā (past singular third-person)
krammōm (first-person plural present)
krammōdum (first-person past plural)
krammōþ (plural present second-person)
krammōdud (past plural second-person)
krammōnþ (plural present third-person)
krammōdun (past plural third-person)
krammōdī (first-person past singular)
krammōdī (past second-person singular)
krammō (present singular third-person)
krammōdī (past singular third-person)
krammōdīm (first-person past plural)
krammōdīd (past plural second-person)
krammōn (plural present third-person)
krammōdīn (past plural third-person)
krammō (present singular)
krammōþ (plural present)
krammōndī (participle present)
krammōd (participle past)

Old English: crammian

Middle English: crammen

English: cram

Old Dutch: *krammōn

Middle Dutch: krammen

Old High German: *krammōn

Middle High German: krammen


Batauwju

Batauwju (nominative singular)
Batauwjā (accusative singular)
Batauwjā (genitive singular)
Batauwjē (dative singular)
Batauwju (instrumental singular)

Old Dutch: *Batouwa, *Betuwa

Middle Dutch: *Betuwe

Dutch: Betuwe

From Proto-Germanic *Batawjō. Equivalent to *bat (“good”) + *auwju (“island”).


swāb

swāb (nominative singular)
swābō (nominative plural)
swābōs (nominative plural)
swāb (accusative singular)
swābā (accusative plural)
swābas (genitive singular)
swābō (genitive plural)
swābē (dative singular)
swābum (dative plural)
swābu (instrumental singular)
swābum (instrumental plural)

Old English: Swǣfas pl, Swǣfe

Old High German: swāb

Middle High German: swāp, swābe

German: Schwabe

→ Dutch: Zwaab

→ Romanian: șvab


Wahal

Wahal (nominative singular)
Wahal (accusative singular)
Wahalē (dative singular)
Wahalu (instrumental singular)

Old Dutch: wāl

Middle Dutch: wâel

Dutch: Waal

→ Latin: vacalus, vachalis, vahal


Masu

Masu (nominative singular)
Masu (instrumental singular)

Old Dutch: *masa

Middle Dutch: māse

Dutch: Maas

→ West Frisian: Maas

→ Norwegian: Maas

→ Swedish: Maas

→ Danish: Maas

→ Hungarian: Maas

→ Bulgarian: Маас (Maas)

→ Russian: Маас (Maas)

Limburgish: Maas, Maos

Old High German: Masa

Middle High German: *Mase

German: Maas

→ Czech: Máza


tehswandr

tehswandr (nominative singular)
tehswandrō (nominative plural)
tehswandrōs (nominative plural)
tehswandr (accusative singular)
tehswandrā (accusative plural)
tehswandras (genitive singular)
tehswandrō (genitive plural)
tehswandrē (dative singular)
tehswandrum (dative plural)
tehswandru (instrumental singular)
tehswandrum (instrumental plural)

q

< <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmw-pro">*tehswandralauh</i>

⇒ Old Dutch: tessenderlō (< *tehswandralauh)

Middle Dutch: tessenderlô

Dutch: Tessenderlo

→ Latin: Texuandrī

⇒ Latin: Texandria, Toxandria

Possibly from *tehswō (“right”) + *-dr (contrastive suffix), or a derivative of *tehswō + *wandrōn (“to wander”).


Rīn

Rīn (nominative singular)
Rīn (accusative singular)

Old English: Rīn
English: Rhine

Old Dutch: *Rīn

Middle Dutch: Rijn

Dutch: Rijn, Rhijn

Afrikaans: Ryn

Limburgish: Rien

Old High German: Rīn

Middle High German: Rīn

Alemannic German: Rhy

Swabian: Rhãẽ

desc

Central Franconian: Rheng, Rhing, Rhien, Rhein

Luxembourgish: Rhäin

German: Rhein

Rhine Franconian: Rhoi, Rhei, Rhein, Rhien


sunþriʀō

sunþriʀō (masculine nominative singular)
sunþriʀā (feminine nominative singular)
sunþriʀā (neuter nominative singular)
sunþriʀan (accusative masculine singular)
sunþriʀōn (accusative feminine singular)
sunþriʀā (accusative neuter singular)
sunþriʀini (genitive masculine singular)
sunþriʀan (genitive masculine singular)
sunþriʀōn (feminine genitive singular)
sunþriʀini (genitive neuter singular)
sunþriʀan (genitive neuter singular)
sunþriʀini (dative masculine singular)
sunþriʀan (dative masculine singular)
sunþriʀōn (dative feminine singular)
sunþriʀini (dative neuter singular)
sunþriʀan (dative neuter singular)
sunþriʀini (instrumental masculine singular)
sunþriʀan (instrumental masculine singular)
sunþriʀōn (feminine instrumental singular)
sunþriʀini (instrumental neuter singular)
sunþriʀan (instrumental neuter singular)
sunþriʀan (masculine nominative plural)
sunþriʀōn (feminine nominative plural)
sunþriʀōn (neuter nominative plural)
sunþriʀan (accusative masculine plural)
sunþriʀōn (accusative feminine plural)
sunþriʀōn (accusative neuter plural)
sunþriʀanō (genitive masculine plural)
sunþriʀōnō (feminine genitive plural)
sunþriʀanō (genitive neuter plural)
sunþriʀum (dative masculine plural)
sunþriʀōm (dative feminine plural)
sunþriʀum (dative feminine plural)
sunþriʀum (dative neuter plural)
sunþriʀum (instrumental masculine plural)
sunþriʀōm (feminine instrumental plural)
sunþriʀum (feminine instrumental plural)
sunþriʀum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: sūþra, sūþera, sȳþera

Middle English: sowther, southir

English: souther

From Proto-Germanic *sunþrizô. Equivalent to *sunþr (“south”) + *-iʀō.

comparative degree of *sunþr (“south”): souther


minniʀō

minniʀō (masculine nominative singular)
minniʀā (feminine nominative singular)
minniʀā (neuter nominative singular)
minniʀan (accusative masculine singular)
minniʀōn (accusative feminine singular)
minniʀā (accusative neuter singular)
minniʀini (genitive masculine singular)
minniʀan (genitive masculine singular)
minniʀōn (feminine genitive singular)
minniʀini (genitive neuter singular)
minniʀan (genitive neuter singular)
minniʀini (dative masculine singular)
minniʀan (dative masculine singular)
minniʀōn (dative feminine singular)
minniʀini (dative neuter singular)
minniʀan (dative neuter singular)
minniʀini (instrumental masculine singular)
minniʀan (instrumental masculine singular)
minniʀōn (feminine instrumental singular)
minniʀini (instrumental neuter singular)
minniʀan (instrumental neuter singular)
minniʀan (masculine nominative plural)
minniʀōn (feminine nominative plural)
minniʀōn (neuter nominative plural)
minniʀan (accusative masculine plural)
minniʀōn (accusative feminine plural)
minniʀōn (accusative neuter plural)
minniʀanō (genitive masculine plural)
minniʀōnō (feminine genitive plural)
minniʀanō (genitive neuter plural)
minniʀum (dative masculine plural)
minniʀōm (dative feminine plural)
minniʀum (dative feminine plural)
minniʀum (dative neuter plural)
minniʀum (instrumental masculine plural)
minniʀōm (feminine instrumental plural)
minniʀum (feminine instrumental plural)
minniʀum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Saxon: minniro

Old Dutch: minniro

desctree

Middle Dutch: minre
Dutch: minder
Afrikaans: minder

Old High German: minniro

desc

Middle High German: minder, minner, minre

Cimbrian: mindor

German: minder

Luxembourgish: manner

comparative degree of *fau (“few”): fewer


ūtiʀō

ūtiʀō (masculine nominative singular)
ūtiʀā (feminine nominative singular)
ūtiʀā (neuter nominative singular)
ūtiʀan (accusative masculine singular)
ūtiʀōn (accusative feminine singular)
ūtiʀā (accusative neuter singular)
ūtiʀini (genitive masculine singular)
ūtiʀan (genitive masculine singular)
ūtiʀōn (feminine genitive singular)
ūtiʀini (genitive neuter singular)
ūtiʀan (genitive neuter singular)
ūtiʀini (dative masculine singular)
ūtiʀan (dative masculine singular)
ūtiʀōn (dative feminine singular)
ūtiʀini (dative neuter singular)
ūtiʀan (dative neuter singular)
ūtiʀini (instrumental masculine singular)
ūtiʀan (instrumental masculine singular)
ūtiʀōn (feminine instrumental singular)
ūtiʀini (instrumental neuter singular)
ūtiʀan (instrumental neuter singular)
ūtiʀan (masculine nominative plural)
ūtiʀōn (feminine nominative plural)
ūtiʀōn (neuter nominative plural)
ūtiʀan (accusative masculine plural)
ūtiʀōn (accusative feminine plural)
ūtiʀōn (accusative neuter plural)
ūtiʀanō (genitive masculine plural)
ūtiʀōnō (feminine genitive plural)
ūtiʀanō (genitive neuter plural)
ūtiʀum (dative masculine plural)
ūtiʀōm (dative feminine plural)
ūtiʀum (dative feminine plural)
ūtiʀum (dative neuter plural)
ūtiʀum (instrumental masculine plural)
ūtiʀōm (feminine instrumental plural)
ūtiʀum (feminine instrumental plural)
ūtiʀum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: ūtera, ūterra, ȳtera, ȳterra
Middle English: utter, uttir, uttre, outter, outer
English: outer

Old Frisian: ūtera

Old High German: ūzaro

German: äußer

From Proto-Germanic *ūtizô. Equivalent to *ūt (“out”) + *-iʀō. Cognate with Old Norse ýtri (“outer”).

comparative degree of *ūt (“out”): outer


airiʀō

airiʀō (masculine nominative singular)
airiʀā (feminine nominative singular)
airiʀā (neuter nominative singular)
airiʀan (accusative masculine singular)
airiʀōn (accusative feminine singular)
airiʀā (accusative neuter singular)
airiʀini (genitive masculine singular)
airiʀan (genitive masculine singular)
airiʀōn (feminine genitive singular)
airiʀini (genitive neuter singular)
airiʀan (genitive neuter singular)
airiʀini (dative masculine singular)
airiʀan (dative masculine singular)
airiʀōn (dative feminine singular)
airiʀini (dative neuter singular)
airiʀan (dative neuter singular)
airiʀini (instrumental masculine singular)
airiʀan (instrumental masculine singular)
airiʀōn (feminine instrumental singular)
airiʀini (instrumental neuter singular)
airiʀan (instrumental neuter singular)
airiʀan (masculine nominative plural)
airiʀōn (feminine nominative plural)
airiʀōn (neuter nominative plural)
airiʀan (accusative masculine plural)
airiʀōn (accusative feminine plural)
airiʀōn (accusative neuter plural)
airiʀanō (genitive masculine plural)
airiʀōnō (feminine genitive plural)
airiʀanō (genitive neuter plural)
airiʀum (dative masculine plural)
airiʀōm (dative feminine plural)
airiʀum (dative feminine plural)
airiʀum (dative neuter plural)
airiʀum (instrumental masculine plural)
airiʀōm (feminine instrumental plural)
airiʀum (feminine instrumental plural)
airiʀum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: ǣrra

Middle English: ærre, eror, erore

Old Frisian:

West Frisian: earder

Old Saxon:

Middle Low German: êrer

Low German: ehrder

Old Dutch: *ēriro

Middle Dutch: eerre

Dutch: eerder

Afrikaans: eerder

Old High German: ēriro, ēroro

Middle High German: ērer

(German: eher) (merged with adverbial form)

From Proto-Germanic *airizô. Equivalent to *airi (“early”) + *-iʀō.

comparative degree of *airi (“early”): earlier


jungiʀō

jungiʀō (masculine nominative singular)
jungiʀā (feminine nominative singular)
jungiʀā (neuter nominative singular)
jungiʀan (accusative masculine singular)
jungiʀōn (accusative feminine singular)
jungiʀā (accusative neuter singular)
jungiʀini (genitive masculine singular)
jungiʀan (genitive masculine singular)
jungiʀōn (feminine genitive singular)
jungiʀini (genitive neuter singular)
jungiʀan (genitive neuter singular)
jungiʀini (dative masculine singular)
jungiʀan (dative masculine singular)
jungiʀōn (dative feminine singular)
jungiʀini (dative neuter singular)
jungiʀan (dative neuter singular)
jungiʀini (instrumental masculine singular)
jungiʀan (instrumental masculine singular)
jungiʀōn (feminine instrumental singular)
jungiʀini (instrumental neuter singular)
jungiʀan (instrumental neuter singular)
jungiʀan (masculine nominative plural)
jungiʀōn (feminine nominative plural)
jungiʀōn (neuter nominative plural)
jungiʀan (accusative masculine plural)
jungiʀōn (accusative feminine plural)
jungiʀōn (accusative neuter plural)
jungiʀanō (genitive masculine plural)
jungiʀōnō (feminine genitive plural)
jungiʀanō (genitive neuter plural)
jungiʀum (dative masculine plural)
jungiʀōm (dative feminine plural)
jungiʀum (dative feminine plural)
jungiʀum (dative neuter plural)
jungiʀum (instrumental masculine plural)
jungiʀōm (feminine instrumental plural)
jungiʀum (feminine instrumental plural)
jungiʀum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: ġingra

Middle English: yongere, yonger, yongur, yonker, yungur, yungger, ȝongore, ȝongor, ȝunngre, gingre
Middle English: younger

Old Frisian: jungera

Old Saxon: jungaro, jungro

Old Dutch: *jungiro

Middle Low German: jonger

Dutch: jonger

desc

Old High German: jūgiro, jungiro, jungoro

Middle High German: junger

German: jünger

From Proto-Germanic *jungizô. Equivalent to *jung (“young”) + *-iʀō. Cognate with Old Norse yngri (“younger”).

comparative degree of *jung (“young”): younger


batiʀō

batiʀō (masculine nominative singular)
batiʀā (feminine nominative singular)
batiʀā (neuter nominative singular)
batiʀan (accusative masculine singular)
batiʀōn (accusative feminine singular)
batiʀā (accusative neuter singular)
batiʀini (genitive masculine singular)
batiʀan (genitive masculine singular)
batiʀōn (feminine genitive singular)
batiʀini (genitive neuter singular)
batiʀan (genitive neuter singular)
batiʀini (dative masculine singular)
batiʀan (dative masculine singular)
batiʀōn (dative feminine singular)
batiʀini (dative neuter singular)
batiʀan (dative neuter singular)
batiʀini (instrumental masculine singular)
batiʀan (instrumental masculine singular)
batiʀōn (feminine instrumental singular)
batiʀini (instrumental neuter singular)
batiʀan (instrumental neuter singular)
batiʀan (masculine nominative plural)
batiʀōn (feminine nominative plural)
batiʀōn (neuter nominative plural)
batiʀan (accusative masculine plural)
batiʀōn (accusative feminine plural)
batiʀōn (accusative neuter plural)
batiʀanō (genitive masculine plural)
batiʀōnō (feminine genitive plural)
batiʀanō (genitive neuter plural)
batiʀum (dative masculine plural)
batiʀōm (dative feminine plural)
batiʀum (dative feminine plural)
batiʀum (dative neuter plural)
batiʀum (instrumental masculine plural)
batiʀōm (feminine instrumental plural)
batiʀum (feminine instrumental plural)
batiʀum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: betera
Middle English: bettre
English: better
Scots: better
Yola: bethther

Old Frisian: betera

Saterland Frisian: beter

West Frisian: better

Old Saxon: betiro
Middle Low German: beter
Low German: beter

Old Dutch: betiro

Middle Dutch: beter
Dutch: beter
Afrikaans: beter
Berbice Creole Dutch: betre
Negerhollands: beeter
→ Sranan Tongo: betre
Aukan: betee
Saramaccan: bë́të
Limburgish: baeter

Old High German: bezziro
Middle High German: bezzer
Central Franconian: besser
Cimbrian: péssor
German: besser
Luxembourgish: besser
Yiddish: בעסער (beser)

comparative degree of *gōd (“good”): better


alþiʀō

alþiʀō (masculine nominative singular)
alþiʀā (feminine nominative singular)
alþiʀā (neuter nominative singular)
alþiʀan (accusative masculine singular)
alþiʀōn (accusative feminine singular)
alþiʀā (accusative neuter singular)
alþiʀini (genitive masculine singular)
alþiʀan (genitive masculine singular)
alþiʀōn (feminine genitive singular)
alþiʀini (genitive neuter singular)
alþiʀan (genitive neuter singular)
alþiʀini (dative masculine singular)
alþiʀan (dative masculine singular)
alþiʀōn (dative feminine singular)
alþiʀini (dative neuter singular)
alþiʀan (dative neuter singular)
alþiʀini (instrumental masculine singular)
alþiʀan (instrumental masculine singular)
alþiʀōn (feminine instrumental singular)
alþiʀini (instrumental neuter singular)
alþiʀan (instrumental neuter singular)
alþiʀan (masculine nominative plural)
alþiʀōn (feminine nominative plural)
alþiʀōn (neuter nominative plural)
alþiʀan (accusative masculine plural)
alþiʀōn (accusative feminine plural)
alþiʀōn (accusative neuter plural)
alþiʀanō (genitive masculine plural)
alþiʀōnō (feminine genitive plural)
alþiʀanō (genitive neuter plural)
alþiʀum (dative masculine plural)
alþiʀōm (dative feminine plural)
alþiʀum (dative feminine plural)
alþiʀum (dative neuter plural)
alþiʀum (instrumental masculine plural)
alþiʀōm (feminine instrumental plural)
alþiʀum (feminine instrumental plural)
alþiʀum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: eldra, ieldra, yldra — West Saxon
Middle English: eldre
English: elder
Scots: elder

desc

Old Frisian: aldera, eldera, alder, elder

North Frisian: ääler, ialer

West Frisian: âlder

desctree

Old Saxon: aldiro
Middle Low German: eldere, elder, alder, ȫldere
German Low German: öller
⇒ Middle Low German: ȫlderen, olderen, oldern, oldren, alderen
German Low German: Ollern

Old High German: altiro

Middle High German: elter

Central Franconian: ääler, älder

Cimbrian: éltor

German: älter

Luxembourgish: eeler

Pennsylvania German: elder

Yiddish: עלטער (elter)

⇒ Old High German: eltiron, altirōn pl

Middle High German: eltern, altern

German: Eltern

From Proto-Germanic *alþizô. Equivalent to *ald (“old”) + *-iʀō.

comparative degree of *ald (“old”): older


maiʀō

maiʀō (masculine nominative singular)
maiʀā (feminine nominative singular)
maiʀā (neuter nominative singular)
maiʀan (accusative masculine singular)
maiʀōn (accusative feminine singular)
maiʀā (accusative neuter singular)
maiʀini (genitive masculine singular)
maiʀan (genitive masculine singular)
maiʀōn (feminine genitive singular)
maiʀini (genitive neuter singular)
maiʀan (genitive neuter singular)
maiʀini (dative masculine singular)
maiʀan (dative masculine singular)
maiʀōn (dative feminine singular)
maiʀini (dative neuter singular)
maiʀan (dative neuter singular)
maiʀini (instrumental masculine singular)
maiʀan (instrumental masculine singular)
maiʀōn (feminine instrumental singular)
maiʀini (instrumental neuter singular)
maiʀan (instrumental neuter singular)
maiʀan (masculine nominative plural)
maiʀōn (feminine nominative plural)
maiʀōn (neuter nominative plural)
maiʀan (accusative masculine plural)
maiʀōn (accusative feminine plural)
maiʀōn (accusative neuter plural)
maiʀanō (genitive masculine plural)
maiʀōnō (feminine genitive plural)
maiʀanō (genitive neuter plural)
maiʀum (dative masculine plural)
maiʀōm (dative feminine plural)
maiʀum (dative feminine plural)
maiʀum (dative neuter plural)
maiʀum (instrumental masculine plural)
maiʀōm (feminine instrumental plural)
maiʀum (feminine instrumental plural)
maiʀum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: māra
Middle English: more, mare, moore
English: more
Geordie English: mair
Scots: mair
Yola: mo', more

Old Frisian: māra

Saterland Frisian: moor

West Frisian: mear

Old Saxon: mēro
Middle Low German: mêr
Low German: mehr

Old Dutch: mēro, mērro

Middle Dutch: mere
Dutch: meer
Afrikaans: meer

Old High German: mēro
Middle High German: mēr, mēre
Alemannic German: meer
German: mehr
Yiddish: מער (mer)

From Proto-Germanic *maizô. Equivalent to *mai + *-ʀō.

comparative degree of *mikil (“big, large”): more, larger


norþrōʀō

norþrōʀō (masculine nominative singular)
norþrōʀā (feminine nominative singular)
norþrōʀā (neuter nominative singular)
norþrōʀan (accusative masculine singular)
norþrōʀōn (accusative feminine singular)
norþrōʀā (accusative neuter singular)
norþrōʀini (genitive masculine singular)
norþrōʀan (genitive masculine singular)
norþrōʀōn (feminine genitive singular)
norþrōʀini (genitive neuter singular)
norþrōʀan (genitive neuter singular)
norþrōʀini (dative masculine singular)
norþrōʀan (dative masculine singular)
norþrōʀōn (dative feminine singular)
norþrōʀini (dative neuter singular)
norþrōʀan (dative neuter singular)
norþrōʀini (instrumental masculine singular)
norþrōʀan (instrumental masculine singular)
norþrōʀōn (feminine instrumental singular)
norþrōʀini (instrumental neuter singular)
norþrōʀan (instrumental neuter singular)
norþrōʀan (masculine nominative plural)
norþrōʀōn (feminine nominative plural)
norþrōʀōn (neuter nominative plural)
norþrōʀan (accusative masculine plural)
norþrōʀōn (accusative feminine plural)
norþrōʀōn (accusative neuter plural)
norþrōʀanō (genitive masculine plural)
norþrōʀōnō (feminine genitive plural)
norþrōʀanō (genitive neuter plural)
norþrōʀum (dative masculine plural)
norþrōʀōm (dative feminine plural)
norþrōʀum (dative feminine plural)
norþrōʀum (dative neuter plural)
norþrōʀum (instrumental masculine plural)
norþrōʀōm (feminine instrumental plural)
norþrōʀum (feminine instrumental plural)
norþrōʀum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: norþra, norþerra

English: norther

From Proto-Germanic *nurþrōzô. Equivalent to *norþr (“north”) + *-ōʀō.

comparative degree of *norþr (“northern, northernly”): norther


westrōʀō

westrōʀō (masculine nominative singular)
westrōʀā (feminine nominative singular)
westrōʀā (neuter nominative singular)
westrōʀan (accusative masculine singular)
westrōʀōn (accusative feminine singular)
westrōʀā (accusative neuter singular)
westrōʀini (genitive masculine singular)
westrōʀan (genitive masculine singular)
westrōʀōn (feminine genitive singular)
westrōʀini (genitive neuter singular)
westrōʀan (genitive neuter singular)
westrōʀini (dative masculine singular)
westrōʀan (dative masculine singular)
westrōʀōn (dative feminine singular)
westrōʀini (dative neuter singular)
westrōʀan (dative neuter singular)
westrōʀini (instrumental masculine singular)
westrōʀan (instrumental masculine singular)
westrōʀōn (feminine instrumental singular)
westrōʀini (instrumental neuter singular)
westrōʀan (instrumental neuter singular)
westrōʀan (masculine nominative plural)
westrōʀōn (feminine nominative plural)
westrōʀōn (neuter nominative plural)
westrōʀan (accusative masculine plural)
westrōʀōn (accusative feminine plural)
westrōʀōn (accusative neuter plural)
westrōʀanō (genitive masculine plural)
westrōʀōnō (feminine genitive plural)
westrōʀanō (genitive neuter plural)
westrōʀum (dative masculine plural)
westrōʀōm (dative feminine plural)
westrōʀum (dative feminine plural)
westrōʀum (dative neuter plural)
westrōʀum (instrumental masculine plural)
westrōʀōm (feminine instrumental plural)
westrōʀum (feminine instrumental plural)
westrōʀum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: westra, westerra

English: wester

From Proto-Germanic *westrōzô. Equivalent to *westr (“west”) + *-ōʀō.

comparative degree of *westr (“western, westernly”): wester


wirsiʀō

wirsiʀō (masculine nominative singular)
wirsiʀā (feminine nominative singular)
wirsiʀā (neuter nominative singular)
wirsiʀan (accusative masculine singular)
wirsiʀōn (accusative feminine singular)
wirsiʀā (accusative neuter singular)
wirsiʀini (genitive masculine singular)
wirsiʀan (genitive masculine singular)
wirsiʀōn (feminine genitive singular)
wirsiʀini (genitive neuter singular)
wirsiʀan (genitive neuter singular)
wirsiʀini (dative masculine singular)
wirsiʀan (dative masculine singular)
wirsiʀōn (dative feminine singular)
wirsiʀini (dative neuter singular)
wirsiʀan (dative neuter singular)
wirsiʀini (instrumental masculine singular)
wirsiʀan (instrumental masculine singular)
wirsiʀōn (feminine instrumental singular)
wirsiʀini (instrumental neuter singular)
wirsiʀan (instrumental neuter singular)
wirsiʀan (masculine nominative plural)
wirsiʀōn (feminine nominative plural)
wirsiʀōn (neuter nominative plural)
wirsiʀan (accusative masculine plural)
wirsiʀōn (accusative feminine plural)
wirsiʀōn (accusative neuter plural)
wirsiʀanō (genitive masculine plural)
wirsiʀōnō (feminine genitive plural)
wirsiʀanō (genitive neuter plural)
wirsiʀum (dative masculine plural)
wirsiʀōm (dative feminine plural)
wirsiʀum (dative feminine plural)
wirsiʀum (dative neuter plural)
wirsiʀum (instrumental masculine plural)
wirsiʀōm (feminine instrumental plural)
wirsiʀum (feminine instrumental plural)
wirsiʀum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: wiersa, wyrsa
Middle English: worse, wars, warse, weers, weorse, werce, wers, werse, wershe, wersse, wirse, wors, worsse, wærse, werrse, wrse, wurse (Early Middle English)
English: worse
→ Cantonese: worse (Hong Kong)
Scots: warse

Old Frisian: wirra, werra

Old Saxon: wirsiro

Old Dutch: *wirs

Middle Dutch: wers

Dutch: wers

Old High German: wirsiro

German: wirser

comparative degree of *ubil (“bad, evil”): worse


niwiʀō

niwiʀō (masculine nominative singular)
niwiʀā (feminine nominative singular)
niwiʀā (neuter nominative singular)
niwiʀan (accusative masculine singular)
niwiʀōn (accusative feminine singular)
niwiʀā (accusative neuter singular)
niwiʀini (genitive masculine singular)
niwiʀan (genitive masculine singular)
niwiʀōn (feminine genitive singular)
niwiʀini (genitive neuter singular)
niwiʀan (genitive neuter singular)
niwiʀini (dative masculine singular)
niwiʀan (dative masculine singular)
niwiʀōn (dative feminine singular)
niwiʀini (dative neuter singular)
niwiʀan (dative neuter singular)
niwiʀini (instrumental masculine singular)
niwiʀan (instrumental masculine singular)
niwiʀōn (feminine instrumental singular)
niwiʀini (instrumental neuter singular)
niwiʀan (instrumental neuter singular)
niwiʀan (masculine nominative plural)
niwiʀōn (feminine nominative plural)
niwiʀōn (neuter nominative plural)
niwiʀan (accusative masculine plural)
niwiʀōn (accusative feminine plural)
niwiʀōn (accusative neuter plural)
niwiʀanō (genitive masculine plural)
niwiʀōnō (feminine genitive plural)
niwiʀanō (genitive neuter plural)
niwiʀum (dative masculine plural)
niwiʀōm (dative feminine plural)
niwiʀum (dative feminine plural)
niwiʀum (dative neuter plural)
niwiʀum (instrumental masculine plural)
niwiʀōm (feminine instrumental plural)
niwiʀum (feminine instrumental plural)
niwiʀum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: nīwra

Middle English: newere, newer

English: newer

Old Frisian: *nīere

West Frisian: nijere

Old Dutch: *niwiro

Middle Dutch: niewere

Dutch: nieuwere

Old High German: *niwiro

Middle High German: niuwer

German: neuer

From Proto-Germanic *niwizô. Equivalent to *niwi (“new”) + *-iʀō.

comparative degree of *niwi (“new”): newer


-līk

-līk (masculine nominative singular)
-līku (feminine nominative singular)
-līk (neuter nominative singular)
-līkanā (accusative masculine singular)
-līkā (accusative feminine singular)
-līk (accusative neuter singular)
-līkas (genitive masculine singular)
-līkeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
-līkas (genitive neuter singular)
-līkumē (dative masculine singular)
-līkeʀē (dative feminine singular)
-līkumē (dative neuter singular)
-līku (instrumental masculine singular)
-līkeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
-līku (instrumental neuter singular)
-līkē (masculine nominative plural)
-līkō (feminine nominative plural)
-līku (neuter nominative plural)
-līkā (accusative masculine plural)
-līkā (accusative feminine plural)
-līku (accusative neuter plural)
-līkeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
-līkeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
-līkeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
-līkēm (dative masculine plural)
-līkum (dative masculine plural)
-līkēm (dative feminine plural)
-līkum (dative feminine plural)
-līkēm (dative neuter plural)
-līkum (dative neuter plural)
-līkēm (instrumental masculine plural)
-līkum (instrumental masculine plural)
-līkēm (feminine instrumental plural)
-līkum (feminine instrumental plural)
-līkēm (instrumental neuter plural)
-līkum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: -līċ, -līh, -lī
Middle English: -ly, -li, -lych, -lich
English: -ly
Scots: -lie

Old Frisian: -līk

Saterland Frisian: -elk

West Frisian: -lyk

Old Saxon: -līk

Middle Low German: -līk, -lik, -lick (inflected -lik-)

desc

Low German: -lich, -lig, -lik, -lick, -li (Eastfalian), -elk (East Frisian)

Plautdietsch: -lich

Old Dutch: -līk

desctree

Middle Dutch: -lijc
Dutch: -lijk
Afrikaans: -lik
Jersey Dutch: -lik, -lek, -lā́ik

Old High German: -līh
Middle High German: -lich
German: -lich
Luxembourgish: -lech
Yiddish: ־לעך (-lekh)

-like, -ly. Forms adjectives from nouns and adjectives with the sense of 'similar to, characteristic of'.


līkahamō

līkahamō (nominative singular)
līkahaman (nominative plural)
līkahaman (accusative singular)
līkahaman (accusative plural)
līkahamini (genitive singular)
līkahaman (genitive singular)
līkahamanō (genitive plural)
līkahamini (dative singular)
līkahaman (dative singular)
līkahamum (dative plural)
līkahamini (instrumental singular)
līkahaman (instrumental singular)
līkahamum (instrumental plural)

Old English: līchama, līchoma, līcema

Middle English: likame, licame, lichame

Scots: lekame

English: likam

desc

Old Frisian: līkama, līkoma, līkkoma, līkma

Saterland Frisian: licman (obsolete)

West Frisian: lichem

Old Saxon: līkhamo

Middle Low German: licham, lickham, likam, lîkem

Low German: Liekam, Luikem

Old Dutch: līkamo m; līknamo m

Middle Dutch: lichāme m or n

Dutch: lichaam n

Afrikaans: liggaam

desctree

Old High German: līhhamo, līchamo, līhhinhamo, līhhinamo
Middle High German: līcham, līchame; līchname
German: Leichnam

From Proto-Germanic *līkahamô, equivalent to *līk + *hamō.


elpandadeuʀ

elpandadeuʀ (nominative singular)
elpandadeuʀu (nominative plural)
elpandadeuʀ (accusative singular)
elpandadeuʀu (accusative plural)
elpandadeuʀas (genitive singular)
elpandadeuʀō (genitive plural)
elpandadeuʀē (dative singular)
elpandadeuʀum (dative plural)
elpandadeuʀu (instrumental singular)
elpandadeuʀum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *elpandior

Middle Low German: elpendēr

Old Dutch: *elpandier

Middle Dutch: elpendier

Dutch: elpendier

From *elpand (“elephant; ivory”) + *deuʀ (“animal”).


elpandabain

elpandabain (nominative singular)
elpandabainu (nominative plural)
elpandabain (accusative singular)
elpandabainu (accusative plural)
elpandabainas (genitive singular)
elpandabainō (genitive plural)
elpandabainē (dative singular)
elpandabainum (dative plural)
elpandabainu (instrumental singular)
elpandabainum (instrumental plural)

Old English: elpendbān, ylpenbān

Middle English: ylpen-ban, hilpen ban

⇒ Middle English: alpes bon

Old Frisian: *elpendbēn, *elpenbēn

Saterland Frisian: Älpenbeen

West Frisian: elpenbien

Old Saxon: *elpandbēn

Middle Low German: elpenbên, elpenbein

→ Saterland Frisian: Älpenbeen

Old Dutch: elpondbēn, elpantbēn

Middle Dutch: elpenbeen

Dutch: elpenbeen

Afrikaans: elpebeen

→ West Frisian: elpenbeen

desc

Old High German: elfantbein, helfantbein, helfanbein

Middle High German: elfenbein, helfenbein

desctree

German: Elfenbein
→ Danish: elfenben
→ Norwegian Bokmål: elfenben, elfenbein
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: elfenbein
→ Swedish: elfenben

→ Middle Low German: elfenbên

→ Saterland Frisian: Älfenbeen

From *elpand (“elephant; ivory”) + *bain (“bone”).


brāmabaʀi

brāmabaʀi (nominative singular)
brāmabaʀju (nominative plural)
brāmabaʀi (accusative singular)
brāmabaʀju (accusative plural)
brāmabaʀjas (genitive singular)
brāmabaʀjō (genitive plural)
brāmabaʀjē (dative singular)
brāmabaʀjum (dative plural)
brāmabaʀju (instrumental singular)
brāmabaʀjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: brēmber

desc

Middle English: brambere, brambre, brembre

English: bramberry

Old Frisian:

Saterland Frisian: Brumbäie

West Frisian: brombei

Old Saxon: brāmberi

Middle Low German: bramber

German Low German:

Westphalian:

Westmünsterländisch: Brommbeer

East Westphalian: Brümber (Ravensberg)

→ Danish: brambær, brombær

→ Icelandic: brómber

→ Swedish: brambär, brombär

Old High German: brāmberi

Middle High German: brāmber

German: Brombeere

→ Old French: framboise

Middle French: framboise

French: framboise (see there for further descendants)

→ English: framboise

→ Latin: frambēsia

→ English: frambesia (learned)

desctree

→ Dutch: framboos
Afrikaans: framboos
→ Indonesian: frambos

From *brām (“blackberry; bramble”) + *baʀi (“berry”).


haiþibaʀi

haiþibaʀi (nominative singular)
haiþibaʀju (nominative plural)
haiþibaʀi (accusative singular)
haiþibaʀju (accusative plural)
haiþibaʀjas (genitive singular)
haiþibaʀjō (genitive plural)
haiþibaʀjē (dative singular)
haiþibaʀjum (dative plural)
haiþibaʀju (instrumental singular)
haiþibaʀjum (instrumental plural)

desc

Old English: hǣþberġe, hǣþberie, hǣþberiġe

Old High German: heidiberi, heidberi

Middle High German: heitber, heitbere

German: Heidbeere (dialectal)

From *haiþi (“heath; heather”) + *baʀi (“berry”).

af

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache


mōrubaʀi

mōrubaʀi (nominative singular)
mōrubaʀju (nominative plural)
mōrubaʀi (accusative singular)
mōrubaʀju (accusative plural)
mōrubaʀjas (genitive singular)
mōrubaʀjō (genitive plural)
mōrubaʀjē (dative singular)
mōrubaʀjum (dative plural)
mōrubaʀju (instrumental singular)
mōrubaʀjum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: mōrberġe, mōrberie, mōrberiġe
Middle English: mulbery, molbery, mulberie, mulbere
English: mulberry

Old Saxon: mulberi

Middle Low German: mûlbêre, môlbêre

German Low German: Muulbeer

Plautdietsch: Mulbäa

→ Danish: morbær

→ Icelandic: mórber

→ Faroese: morber

→ Norwegian: morbær

→ Swedish: mullbär

→ Finnish: mulperi

Old Dutch: *mōrberi

Middle Dutch: moerbeye, moerbesie

Dutch: moerbei
Afrikaans: moerbei
→ Indonesian: murbei
→ Malay: murbei
→ West Frisian: moerbei

Old High German: mūrberi, mōrberi, mōrber
Middle High German: mūlber
German: Maulbeere
Hunsrik: Maulbeer

From Latin mōrus (“mulberry, blackberry”) + *baʀi (“berry”).


klīþþu

klīþþu (nominative singular)
klīþþō (nominative plural)
klīþþā (accusative singular)
klīþþā (accusative plural)
klīþþā (genitive singular)
klīþþō (genitive plural)
klīþþē (dative singular)
klīþþōm (dative plural)
klīþþum (dative plural)
klīþþu (instrumental singular)
klīþþōm (instrumental plural)
klīþþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: cliþe

desctree

Middle English: clete, clyte, cleyt, clett
English: clithe (obsolete)

Old Saxon: kledda, kledtha f, kleddo m

Middle Low German: klette

German Low German:

Westphalian:

Sauerländisch (Niedersfeld, Felbecke, Attendorn), South Westphalian (Dortmund), Westmünsterländisch: Klette

Sauerländisch: Kliäte, Klaite (Brilon), Klädde (Wenden)

Old Dutch: *kletta

desc

Middle Dutch: clesse, clisse, clitte, clette f

Middle Dutch: klis, klit

Old High German: kletta f, kletto m

Middle High German: klete

German: Klette, Kleise

Alternation of *-þ- ~ *-þþ- suggests Proto-Germanic *klīþō ~ *kliþþaz, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gléy-t-ō ~ *gli-t-né-s, from *gley- (“to stick, glue”) + *-t- + *-ō.


laurabaʀi

laurabaʀi (nominative singular)
laurabaʀju (nominative plural)
laurabaʀi (accusative singular)
laurabaʀju (accusative plural)
laurabaʀjas (genitive singular)
laurabaʀjō (genitive plural)
laurabaʀjē (dative singular)
laurabaʀjum (dative plural)
laurabaʀju (instrumental singular)
laurabaʀjum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: laurberiġe, laurberie, laurberiġie
Middle English: laurberiʒie, lawerberie

Old Saxon: *lōrberi, *laurberi

desc

Middle Low German: lôrbêre, lörbêre, lôrebêre, lorrebêre, laurbêr, lawerbêre, lawerbêse

German Low German:

Mecklenburgisch: Luurbeer

Low Prussian: Loorbeer

Westphalian:

Westmünsterländisch: Loorbeer

→ Danish: laurbær

→ Faroese: lavrber

→ Norwegian Bokmål: laurbær

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: laurbær

→ Old Swedish: lagherbær, laverbær

Swedish: lagerbär

Old High German: lōrberi, lōrber

Middle High German: lōrber, lōrbere

German: Lorbeer

Luxembourgish: Lorber

→ Estonian: loorber

From *laur (“laurel tree”) + *baʀi (“berry”).


meduwurti

meduwurti (nominative singular)
meduwurtī (nominative plural)
meduwurti (accusative singular)
meduwurtī (accusative plural)
meduwurtī (genitive singular)
meduwurtijō (genitive plural)
meduwurtī (dative singular)
meduwurtim (dative plural)
meduwurtijum (dative plural)
meduwurtī (instrumental singular)
meduwurtim (instrumental plural)
meduwurtijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: medewyrt, medowyrt

desctree

Middle English: medewort, medwert, medwort
English: meadwort, medæwart (obsolete)

Old Saxon: *meduwurt

Middle Low German: mēdewurt

Old High German: metuwurz

From Proto-Germanic *meduwurtiz. Equivalent to *medu (“mead”) + *wurti (“root”).


wiþiwindā

wiþiwindā (nominative singular)
wiþiwindōn (nominative plural)
wiþiwindōn (accusative singular)
wiþiwindōn (accusative plural)
wiþiwindōn (genitive singular)
wiþiwindōnō (genitive plural)
wiþiwindōn (dative singular)
wiþiwindōm (dative plural)
wiþiwindum (dative plural)
wiþiwindōn (instrumental singular)
wiþiwindōm (instrumental plural)
wiþiwindum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wiþewinde

Middle English: withewynde

English: withwind

Old Dutch: *withawindo

Middle Dutch: wēdewinde


libruwurti

libruwurti (nominative singular)
libruwurtī (nominative plural)
libruwurti (accusative singular)
libruwurtī (accusative plural)
libruwurtī (genitive singular)
libruwurtijō (genitive plural)
libruwurtī (dative singular)
libruwurtim (dative plural)
libruwurtijum (dative plural)
libruwurtī (instrumental singular)
libruwurtim (instrumental plural)
libruwurtijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: liferwyrt

desc

Middle English: lyuerwort, liuerewort, lyverwort, liverwort

English: liverwort

Old Saxon: *leverwurt

Middle Low German: lêverwort

→ Swedish: lefverört

Old Dutch: *levarwurt

Middle Dutch: leverworte

Old High German: *lebarwurz

Middle Low German: leberwurz

German: Leberwurz

From *libru (“liver”) + *wurti (“root”).


hindibaʀi

hindibaʀi (nominative singular)
hindibaʀju (nominative plural)
hindibaʀi (accusative singular)
hindibaʀju (accusative plural)
hindibaʀjas (genitive singular)
hindibaʀjō (genitive plural)
hindibaʀjē (dative singular)
hindibaʀjum (dative plural)
hindibaʀju (instrumental singular)
hindibaʀjum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: hindberġe, hindberie, hindberiġe
Middle English: *hindberie
English: hindberry

Old Frisian:

Saterland Frisian: Himbäie, Hiembäie

West Frisian: hinnebei

Old Saxon: hindberi

Middle Low German: *hindbere

German Low German:

Low Prussian: Hindbeere, Hintbeere, Insbeere

Westphalian:

Westmünsterländisch: Hinnebääse, Hinsbääse, Hinnebeere, Himbääse, Himbäär, Himbääre

Plautdietsch: Himbäa

→ Danish: hindbær

→ Faroese: hindber

→ Icelandic: hindber

Old Dutch: *hindberi

desc

Middle Dutch: hinsbere, hinnebere, hindsbere

Dutch: hennebes, hinnebes, hinnebeer

Old High German: hintberi

Middle High German: hintber, hintper

Cimbrian: henneper, hénnapéera (Sette Comuni)

German: Himper (obsolete); Himbeere

Luxembourgish: Hammbier

Mòcheno: himper

From *hindi (“doe, hind”) + *baʀi (“berry”).


fīgā

fīgā (nominative singular)
fīgōn (nominative plural)
fīgōn (accusative singular)
fīgōn (accusative plural)
fīgōn (genitive singular)
fīgōnō (genitive plural)
fīgōn (dative singular)
fīgōm (dative plural)
fīgum (dative plural)
fīgōn (instrumental singular)
fīgōm (instrumental plural)
fīgum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: fīc m
Middle English: fike, fyke
English: fike, fig

Old Saxon: fīga

Middle Low German: vige

German Low German: Fieg

→ Latvian: vīģe

⇒ Middle Low German: vigen (plural)

→ Danish: figen

→ Norwegian: fiken

→ Swedish: fikon

Old Dutch: fīga

Middle Dutch: vige

Dutch: vijg
Afrikaans: vy
Negerhollands: vigie (from the diminutive)

Old High German: fīga
Middle High German: vīge
Cimbrian: faiga
German: Feige
Yiddish: פֿײַג (fayg)
→ Polish: figa (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin *fīga and Latin fīcus (“fig”).


librumos

librumos (nominative singular)
librumosu (nominative plural)
librumos (accusative singular)
librumosu (accusative plural)
librumosas (genitive singular)
librumosō (genitive plural)
librumosē (dative singular)
librumosum (dative plural)
librumosu (instrumental singular)
librumosum (instrumental plural)

Old Dutch: *levarmos

Middle Dutch: *lēvermos

Dutch: levermos

Afrikaans: lewermos

Old High German: lebermos

Middle High German: *lebermos

German: Lebermoos

From Proto-Germanic *librōmusą. Equivalent to *libru (“liver”) + *mos (“moss”). Cognate with Norwegian levermose, Swedish levermossa, if not West Germanic borrowings.


hwītaþornu

hwītaþornu (nominative singular)
hwītaþurniwi (nominative plural)
hwītaþornō (nominative plural)
hwītaþornu (accusative singular)
hwītaþornū (accusative plural)
hwītaþornō (genitive singular)
hwītaþurniwō (genitive plural)
hwītaþurniwi (dative singular)
hwītaþornō (dative singular)
hwītaþornum (dative plural)
hwītaþornu (instrumental singular)
hwītaþornum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *hwītþorn

desc

Middle English: whiteþorn, whitethorn, witþorn, whitthorn

English: whitethorn

Old High German: wīzdorn

Middle High German: wīzdorn

German: Weißdorn

From *hwīt (“white”) + *þornu (“thorn; briar”).


rōsā

rōsā (nominative singular)
rōsōn (nominative plural)
rōsōn (accusative singular)
rōsōn (accusative plural)
rōsōn (genitive singular)
rōsōnō (genitive plural)
rōsōn (dative singular)
rōsōm (dative plural)
rōsum (dative plural)
rōsōn (instrumental singular)
rōsōm (instrumental plural)
rōsum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: rōse
Middle English: rose, roose, rosse, roos, ros
English: rose (see there for further descendants)
Scots: rose

Old Frisian: rōs, rōse

West Frisian: roas

Old Saxon: rōsa

Middle Low German: rôse

German Low German: Reose

Plautdietsch: Roos

→ Latvian: roze

→ Old Norse: rós, rósa

Icelandic: rós

Faroese: rósa

Norwegian: rose

Danish: rose
→ Greenlandic: ruusa

Old Swedish: ros

Swedish: ros (see there for further descendants)

Elfdalian: ruos

Old Dutch: *rōsa

Middle Dutch: rôse, roos

Dutch: roos
Afrikaans: roos
Jersey Dutch: rôz
→ Caribbean Hindustani: rusi
→ Papiamentu: deros, deroos

Limburgish: roeas

Old High German: rōsa

Middle High German: rôse

Alemannic German: Roos, Roose

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: roas

Mòcheno: roas

Central Franconian: Rus

German: Rose (see there for further descendants)

Vilamovian: ruuz

Yiddish: רויז (royz)