hittijan

hittijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hittijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hittijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hittijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hittiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hittidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hittisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hittidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hittidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hittiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hittidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hittidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hittijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hittidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hittiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hittidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hittijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hittidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hittijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hittidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hittijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hittidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hittijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hittidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hittijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hittidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hittijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hittidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hittijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hittidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hitti (class-1 present singular weak)
hittiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hittijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hittid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: hittan (possibly from Old Norse instead)

Middle English: hitten

English: hit

Scots: hit

Old Dutch: *hitten

Middle Dutch: hitten

To encounter; meet with; make contact; hit


hlainijan

hlainijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hlainijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hlainijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hlainijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hlainiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hlainidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hlainisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hlainidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hlainidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hlainiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hlainidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hlainidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hlainijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hlainidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hlainiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hlainidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hlainijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hlainidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hlainijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hlainidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hlainijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hlainidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hlainijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hlainidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hlainijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hlainidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hlainijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hlainidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hlainijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hlainidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hlaini (class-1 present singular weak)
hlainiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hlainijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hlainid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: hlǣnan

Middle English: lenen

Scots: lene, leyn

English: lean

Old Saxon: *hlēnian

Middle Low German: lênen, lȫnen

German Low German: lehnen

desctree

Old Dutch: lēnen
Middle Dutch: lênen, leinen
Dutch: leunen

Old High German: hleinen

Middle High German: leinen

German: leinen, lehnen


hōlijan

hōlijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hōlijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hōlijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hōlijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hōliju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hōlidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hōlisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hōlidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hōlidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hōliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hōlidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hōlidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hōlijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hōlidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hōliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hōlidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hōlijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hōlidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hōlijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hōlidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hōlijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hōlidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hōlijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hōlidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hōlijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hōlidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hōlijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hōlidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hōlijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hōlidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hōli (class-1 present singular weak)
hōliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hōlijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hōlid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: hēlan

Old High German: huolen


hrainijan

hrainijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hrainijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hrainijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hrainijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hrainiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hrainidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hrainisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hrainidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hrainidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hrainiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hrainidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hrainidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hrainijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hrainidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hrainiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hrainidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hrainijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hrainidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hrainijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hrainidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hrainijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hrainidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hrainijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hrainidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hrainijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hrainidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hrainijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hrainidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hrainijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hrainidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hraini (class-1 present singular weak)
hrainiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hrainijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hrainid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: hrēnian

q

Middle Low German: rênen (merged with the descendant of *hrainōn)

desctree

Old Dutch: reinen
Middle Dutch: reinen
Dutch: reinen
Limburgish: reine

Old High German: reinen

Middle High German: reinen (merged with the descendant of *hrainōn)

From Proto-Germanic *hrainijaną. Equivalent to *hrainī + *-jan.


hrammjan

hrammjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hrammjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hrammjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hrammjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hrammju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hramidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hramisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hramidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hramidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hramiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hramidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hramidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hrammjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hramidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hramiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hramidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hrammjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hramidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hrammjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hramidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hrammjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hramidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hrammjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hramidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hrammjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hramidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hrammjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hramidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hrammjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hramidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hrami (class-1 present singular weak)
hramiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hrammjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hramid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: hremman

Old Frisian: *hremma

desc

⇒ Old Frisian: hrembende, hrembend (“fetter”)

Old Dutch: *remmen

Middle Dutch: remmen

Dutch: remmen

From Proto-Germanic *hramjaną. Equivalent to *hramu (“frame, framework, support”) + *-jan.


hringijan

hringijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hringijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hringijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hringijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hringiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hringidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hringisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hringidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hringidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hringiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hringidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hringidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hringijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hringidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hringiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hringidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hringijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hringidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hringijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hringidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hringijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hringidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hringijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hringidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hringijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hringidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hringijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hringidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hringijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hringidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hringi (class-1 present singular weak)
hringiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hringijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hringid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: hrinġan

Middle English: ringen, ryngen

Scots: ring

English: ring

Old Frisian: *ringa

North Frisian: ringe

Old Dutch: *ringen

Middle Dutch: ringen, ringhen

Dutch: ringen; rinkelen; rinkinken

Afrikaans: ring, rinkink

Old High German: hringan, ringan

From Proto-Germanic *hringijaną, equivalent to *hring (“ring, sound”) + *-jan.


hringijan

Old English: *hrinġan

Middle English: ringen

English: ring

Old Saxon: *hringian

Middle Low German: ringen

Old Dutch: *ringen

Middle Dutch: ringen, ringhen

Dutch: ringen

Old High German: ringen

Middle High German: ringen

From Proto-Germanic *hringijaną, equivalent to *hring (“ring, circle”) + *-jan.


offr

offr (nominative singular)
offru (nominative plural)
offr (accusative singular)
offru (accusative plural)
offras (genitive singular)
offrō (genitive plural)
offrē (dative singular)
offrum (dative plural)
offru (instrumental singular)
offrum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: offer

Old Saxon: offar

Middle Low German: opper, offer

→ Old Frisian: opper

desctree

→ Old Norse: offr
Faroese: offur
Norwegian Nynorsk: offer
Norwegian Bokmål: offer
Swedish: offer
Danish: offer

Old Dutch: *offar

Middle Dutch: offer

Dutch: offer

desc

Old High German: opfar, offar, ophar, opher

Middle High German: opfer, opher, offer

German: Opfer

Hunsrik: Opfer

Borrowed from Late Latin offrum (“a sacrifice”), or a back-formation from *offrōn (“to offer up, sacrifice”), both from Latin offerō.


hrōʀijan

hrōʀijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hrōʀijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hrōʀijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hrōʀijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hrōʀiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hrōʀidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hrōʀisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hrōʀidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hrōʀidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hrōʀiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hrōʀidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hrōʀidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hrōʀijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hrōʀidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hrōʀiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hrōʀidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hrōʀijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hrōʀidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hrōʀijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hrōʀidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hrōʀijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hrōʀidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hrōʀijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hrōʀidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hrōʀijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hrōʀidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hrōʀijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hrōʀidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hrōʀijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hrōʀidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hrōʀi (class-1 present singular weak)
hrōʀiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hrōʀijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hrōʀid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: hrēran

Middle English: rēren; (rōrien)

English: rear (“to move; stir”)

⇒ Old English: hrēre (adj), hrēr

Middle English: rere

English: rear (dialectal), rare

Old Frisian: hrēra

Saterland Frisian: ríere

West Frisian: riere, reare

Old Saxon: hrōrian

Middle Low German: rôren

German Low German: röhren

Old Dutch: *ruoren (in irruoran)

Middle Dutch: roeren

Dutch: roeren

Afrikaans: roer

Old High German: hruorjan, ruoren

Middle High German: ruoren, rüeren

Bavarian: riarn

German: rühren

→ Saterland Frisian: rüürje

Yiddish: רירן (rirn)


hwappjan

hwappjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hwappjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hwappjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hwappjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hwappju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hwapidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hwapisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hwapidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hwapidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hwapiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hwapidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hwapidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hwappjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hwapidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hwapiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hwapidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hwappjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hwapidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hwappjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hwapidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hwappjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hwapidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hwappjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hwapidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hwappjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hwapidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hwappjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hwapidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hwappjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hwapidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hwapi (class-1 present singular weak)
hwapiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hwappjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hwapid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old High German: *hwepfen, *wepfen

Middle High German: wepfen

⇒ Middle High German: ferwepfen, verwepfen


hwalbijan

hwalbijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hwalbijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hwalbijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hwalbijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hwalbiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hwalbidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hwalbisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hwalbidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hwalbidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hwalbiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hwalbidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hwalbidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hwalbijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hwalbidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hwalbiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hwalbidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hwalbijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hwalbidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hwalbijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hwalbidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hwalbijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hwalbidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hwalbijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hwalbidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hwalbijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hwalbidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hwalbijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hwalbidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hwalbijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hwalbidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hwalbi (class-1 present singular weak)
hwalbiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hwalbijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hwalbid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *hwielfan, *hwylfan

⇒ Old English: behwielfan, behwylfan

Old Saxon: *hwelbian

⇒ Old Saxon: bihwelvian

Old Dutch: *welven

Middle Dutch: welven

Dutch: welven

Old High German: *welben

Middle High German: welben

German: wölben


hwītijan

hwītijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hwītijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hwītijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hwītijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hwītiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hwītidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hwītisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hwītidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hwītidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hwītiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hwītidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hwītidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hwītijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hwītidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hwītiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hwītidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hwītijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hwītidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hwītijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hwītidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hwītijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hwītidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hwītijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hwītidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hwītijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hwītidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hwītijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hwītidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hwītijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hwītidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hwīti (class-1 present singular weak)
hwītiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hwītijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hwītid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: hwītan

Middle English: whīten

English: white

Old Saxon: *hwītian

Middle Low German: witten

Old Dutch: *wīten

Middle Dutch: witten

Dutch: witten

Old High German: wīzen

Middle High German: wīzen

German: weißen

From Proto-Germanic *hwītijaną. Equivalent to *hwīt (“white”) + *-jan


irʀijan

irʀijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
irʀijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
irʀijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
irʀijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
irʀiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
irʀidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
irʀisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
irʀidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
irʀidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
irʀiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
irʀidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
irʀidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
irʀijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
irʀidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
irʀiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
irʀidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
irʀijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
irʀidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
irʀijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
irʀidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
irʀijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
irʀidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
irʀijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
irʀidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
irʀijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
irʀidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
irʀijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
irʀidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
irʀijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
irʀidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
irʀi (class-1 present singular weak)
irʀiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
irʀijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
irʀid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: irrian, irrean

Old Dutch: irren

Middle Dutch: erren

Old High German: irren

Middle High German: irren

German: irren

→ Swedish: irra

Luxembourgish: iren

From Proto-Germanic *irzijaną. Equivalent to *irʀī (“mistaken, wrong”) + *-jan.


kambijan

kambijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
kambijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
kambijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
kambijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
kambiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
kambidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
kambisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
kambidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kambidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kambiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
kambidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kambidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kambijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
kambidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
kambiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
kambidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
kambijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
kambidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
kambijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
kambidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
kambijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
kambidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kambijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
kambidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kambijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
kambidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
kambijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
kambidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
kambijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
kambidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
kambi (class-1 present singular weak)
kambiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
kambijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
kambid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: cemban

Middle English: kemben

Scots: kem, keme

English: kemb; unkempt

Old Frisian: *kemba

Saterland Frisian: keeme

West Frisian: kjimme

Old Saxon: kembian

Middle Low German: kemben, kemmen

German Low German: kämmen

Low German: keimen

Plautdietsch: kjamen

Old Dutch: *kemben

desctree

Middle Dutch: kemmen, kemben
Dutch: kemmen
Limburgish: keimbe, keime

desc

Old High German: kemben, chemben, chempen

Middle High German: kemben, kemmen

German: kämmen

Hunsrik: kemme

Luxembourgish: kämmen

Vilamovian: kemma


jaattjan

jaattjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
jaattjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
jaattjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
jaattjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
jaattju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
jaattā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
jaatisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
jaattēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
jaattōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
jaatiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
jaattē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
jaattā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
jaattjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
jaattum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
jaatiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
jaattud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
jaattjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
jaattun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
jaattjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
jaattī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
jaattjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
jaattī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
jaattjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
jaattī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
jaattjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
jaattīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
jaattjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
jaattīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
jaattjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
jaattīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
jaati (class-1 present singular weak)
jaatiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
jaattjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
jaatt (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: ġēatan

Middle English: ȝeaten, ȝaten, yeten

Old Frisian: gēta, gāta

⇒? Saterland Frisian: bijeedje

⇒? West Frisian: itigje, ytsje

Old Dutch: *jāetten, *jātten, *jāten

⇒? Middle Dutch: jaet (adverb, particle, interjection)

Old High German: jāezzen, jāzen

Middle High German: jāzen

⇒ Middle High German: bejāzen

⇒ Middle High German: verjāzen, verjāgen

⇒ Old High German: gijāezzen, gijāzen

to say ‘yes’, assent (to), consent, confirm, grant


beustameluk

beustameluk (nominative singular)
beustameluki (nominative plural)
beustameluku (accusative singular)
beustameluki (accusative plural)
beustameluki (genitive singular)
beustamelukō (genitive plural)
beustameluki (dative singular)
beustamelukum (dative plural)
beustameluki (instrumental singular)
beustamelukum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *biostmiluk

Middle Low German: bêstmelk

German Low German:

Altmärkisch: Bêstmelk

Low Prussian: Bîstmilch, Bissmilch, Bêstmilch

Westphalian:

Dortmundisch: Baẹ̆stmeälke f

Sauerländisch: Baistmielek (Bestwig, Drolshagen, Olpe), Boismielek (Kirchhundem), Boistmielek (Selbecke), Bischtmelek (Wenden)

East Westphalian: Beustmälke (Lippe), Baistmialke (Ravensberg)

Westmünsterländisch: Biestmelk, Biestemelk, Biesmelk, Beestemelk

Old High German: *biostmiluh

Middle High German: biestmilich

German: Biestmilch

From *beust (“beestings”) + *meluk (“milk”).


beust

beust (nominative singular)
beustō (nominative plural)
beustōs (nominative plural)
beust (accusative singular)
beustā (accusative plural)
beustas (genitive singular)
beustō (genitive plural)
beustē (dative singular)
beustum (dative plural)
beustu (instrumental singular)
beustum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bēost

⇒ Old English: bȳsting

English: beestings

Old Frisian: *biāst

North Frisian: bjārst, bjüst

Saterland Frisian: biaost

West Frisian: bjist

Old Saxon: biost

Middle Low German: bêst

German Low German:

Low Prussian: Bîst, Biest, Bêst

Sauerländisch: Baist, Bauest (Niedersfeld)

→ Danish: bjæst

Old Dutch: *biest

Middle Dutch: biest

Dutch: biest

Afrikaans: bies

Old High German: biost

Middle High German: biest

German: Biest

Uncertain; presumably related *beustr, *breustr (whence Old High German biastr (“beestings”)), suggested to be dissimilated from Proto-Germanic *breustaz (whence Icelandic ábrystir pl (“dish made from beestings”)), and possibly either derived from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- (“to swell”), or further connected to Proto-Iranian *frušáh (“beestings”), both perhaps borrowed from a substrate language.

der

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache


daupīni

daupīni (nominative singular)
daupīnī (nominative plural)
daupīni (accusative singular)
daupīnī (accusative plural)
daupīnī (genitive singular)
daupīnijō (genitive plural)
daupīnī (dative singular)
daupīnim (dative plural)
daupīnijum (dative plural)
daupīnī (instrumental singular)
daupīnim (instrumental plural)
daupīnijum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: dēpene

Old Saxon: dōpi

Middle Low German: dōpe, dōp

→ Danish: dåb

→ Norwegian: dåp

→ Swedish: dop

Old Dutch: douphe, *doupe

Middle Dutch: dope

Dutch: doop

Old High German: toufī; *doufī (Central German)

Middle High German: toufe, töufe; dōfe (Central German)

German: Taufe

Hunsrik: Daaf

Luxembourgish: Daf

Pennsylvania German: Daaf

From Proto-Germanic *daupīniz. Equivalent to *daupijan (“to dip, to immerse”) + *-īni.


brigdil

brigdil (nominative singular)
brigdilō (nominative plural)
brigdilōs (nominative plural)
brigdil (accusative singular)
brigdilā (accusative plural)
brigdilas (genitive singular)
brigdilō (genitive plural)
brigdilē (dative singular)
brigdilum (dative plural)
brigdilu (instrumental singular)
brigdilum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: brīdel, briġdel
Middle English: bridel, bridell, bridil, bridill, bridle, brydel, brydul, brydyl, brydyll, brydylle
English: bridle
Scots: bridle

Old Frisian: brīdel

Old Saxon: briddil, *brīdil, *brigdil

Middle Low German: breidel

Low German: Breidel

Old Dutch: *brīdil

Middle Dutch: breydel, breidel

Dutch: breidel

Afrikaans: breidel

desc

Old High German: brittil, priddil, prittil, *brīdil

Middle High German: brîdel, brittel, britel

Cimbrian: brittel

German: Breidel; Britel, Brittel

→ Old French: bride; bretel

Middle French: bride; bretelle

French: bride; bretelle

→ Dutch: bretel

→ Occitan: brida

→ Portuguese: brida

→ Spanish: brida

→ Italian: predella

→ Italian: briglia

→ Old French: bridel

From Proto-Germanic *brigdilaz. Equivalent to *bregdan (“to move back and forth, weave”) + *-il.


kaug

kaug (nominative singular)
kaugō (nominative plural)
kaugōs (nominative plural)
kaug (accusative singular)
kaugā (accusative plural)
kaugas (genitive singular)
kaugō (genitive plural)
kaugē (dative singular)
kaugum (dative plural)
kaugu (instrumental singular)
kaugum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: kāg, kāch

North Frisian: kuuch

West Frisian: keech

→ Middle Dutch: câech [1287-1288]

Dutch: kaag

Old Saxon: kōg

Middle Low German: kôch

Low German: kooch

→ German: Koog, Kog

Old Dutch: *kōg

Middle Dutch: côoch, coech, coich (or borrowed from Low German)

Dutch: koog (dated, dialectal)

⇒? Old Dutch: cogsculd

Unknown; suggested to possibly be related to Norwegian kage (“low bush”), perhaps borrowed and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kagʰyóm (“enclosure; hedge”).


wlātiþō

wlātiþō (nominative singular)
wlātiþan (nominative plural)
wlātiþan (accusative singular)
wlātiþan (accusative plural)
wlātiþini (genitive singular)
wlātiþan (genitive singular)
wlātiþanō (genitive plural)
wlātiþini (dative singular)
wlātiþan (dative singular)
wlātiþum (dative plural)
wlātiþini (instrumental singular)
wlātiþan (instrumental singular)
wlātiþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wlǣta, wlǣtta

Middle English: wlætte, wlæte, wlate

Old Saxon: *wlātto

Middle Low German: wlâte

⇒ Old Saxon: *wlāttio

Middle Low German: *wlâtte

German Low German:

Münsterländisch: vläts (“a loathsome person”)

From *wlātōn (“to loathe; to disgust”) + *-iþu + *-ō.

af

(North Sea Germanic) nausea, disgust, loathing


wlātī

wlātī (masculine nominative singular)
wlātiju (feminine nominative singular)
wlātī (neuter nominative singular)
wlātijanā (accusative masculine singular)
wlātijā (accusative feminine singular)
wlātī (accusative neuter singular)
wlātijas (genitive masculine singular)
wlātijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
wlātijas (genitive neuter singular)
wlātijumē (dative masculine singular)
wlātijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
wlātijumē (dative neuter singular)
wlātiju (instrumental masculine singular)
wlātijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
wlātiju (instrumental neuter singular)
wlātijē (masculine nominative plural)
wlātijō (feminine nominative plural)
wlātiju (neuter nominative plural)
wlātijā (accusative masculine plural)
wlātijā (accusative feminine plural)
wlātiju (accusative neuter plural)
wlātijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
wlātijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
wlātijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
wlātijēm (dative masculine plural)
wlātijum (dative masculine plural)
wlātijēm (dative feminine plural)
wlātijum (dative feminine plural)
wlātijēm (dative neuter plural)
wlātijum (dative neuter plural)
wlātijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
wlātijum (instrumental masculine plural)
wlātijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
wlātijum (feminine instrumental plural)
wlātijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
wlātijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Frisian: *wlǣte

desc

Middle English: wlāte, whath (“disgusting, nauseating”)

Old Frisian: *wlāt

Saterland Frisian: wlat, wluat (“impure”) (obsolete)

From *wlātōn (“to loathe; to disgust”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).

af

(Anglo-Frisian Germanic) loathsome, disgusting


gaitling

gaittling (nominative singular)
gaittlingō (nominative plural)
gaittlingōs (nominative plural)
gaittling (accusative singular)
gaittlingā (accusative plural)
gaittlingas (genitive singular)
gaittlingō (genitive plural)
gaittlingē (dative singular)
gaittlingum (dative plural)
gaittlingu (instrumental singular)
gaittlingum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *gētling

Middle Low German: geidling, geilink

German Low German:

Bentheimisch: Gaidling

Dormundisch: Gaẹ̆tlink

Westmünsterländisch: Geetling

Old Dutch: *geitling

Middle Dutch: geidling

Dutch: gieteling, (archaic) gietelinc


þroskā

þroskā (nominative singular)
þroskōn (nominative plural)
þroskōn (accusative singular)
þroskōn (accusative plural)
þroskōn (genitive singular)
þroskōnō (genitive plural)
þroskōn (dative singular)
þroskōm (dative plural)
þroskum (dative plural)
þroskōn (instrumental singular)
þroskōm (instrumental plural)
þroskum (instrumental plural)

Old High German: throsca, drosca


þraskā

þraskā (nominative singular)
þraskōn (nominative plural)
þraskōn (accusative singular)
þraskōn (accusative plural)
þraskōn (genitive singular)
þraskōnō (genitive plural)
þraskōn (dative singular)
þraskōm (dative plural)
þraskum (dative plural)
þraskōn (instrumental singular)
þraskōm (instrumental plural)
þraskum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þræsċe


þrostlā

þrostlā (nominative singular)
þrostlōn (nominative plural)
þrostlōn (accusative singular)
þrostlōn (accusative plural)
þrostlōn (genitive singular)
þrostlōnō (genitive plural)
þrostlōn (dative singular)
þrostlōm (dative plural)
þrostlum (dative plural)
þrostlōn (instrumental singular)
þrostlōm (instrumental plural)
þrostlum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: þrostle, þrosle, þrysċele
Middle English: throstel, throstle, thrustel, threstel, thristel, throsle
English: throstle
Yola: drostal

Old Frisian:

⇒ Saterland Frisian: Dröizelke

Old Saxon: throsla

Middle Low German: drôsle

German Low German:

Bentheimisch: Dro̗ssel

Westmünsterländisch: Drossel

East Westphalian: Draussel, Draossel (Lippe), Dreossel (Ravensberg)

→ Danish: drossel

Old Dutch: *throstela

Middle Dutch: drossel

desc

Old High German: throskela, throskala, *throstela

Middle High German: droschel, troschel, trostel

Bavarian: Drostle

German: Drossel

Alemannic German: Dröschel

Luxembourgish: Dréischel


þruskijā

þruskijā (nominative singular)
þruskijōn (nominative plural)
þruskijōn (accusative singular)
þruskijōn (accusative plural)
þruskijōn (genitive singular)
þruskijōnō (genitive plural)
þruskijōn (dative singular)
þruskijōm (dative plural)
þruskijum (dative plural)
þruskijōn (instrumental singular)
þruskijōm (instrumental plural)
þruskijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þrysċe

desctree

Middle English: thrusche, throssh, thryshe, þresche, þrosshe, þruisse, þrusch, þrusche, þrusshe, þruysse
English: thrush
Yola: drush, drish

From *þroskā (“thrush”) + *-jā (agent suffix).


pāwō

pāwō (nominative singular)
pāwan (nominative plural)
pāwan (accusative singular)
pāwan (accusative plural)
pāwini (genitive singular)
pāwan (genitive singular)
pāwanō (genitive plural)
pāwini (dative singular)
pāwan (dative singular)
pāum (dative plural)
pāwini (instrumental singular)
pāwan (instrumental singular)
pāum (instrumental plural)

Old English: pāwa, pēa m, pāwe f

desctree

Middle English: po, pa, paa, paue, pe, poo, poue
English: pea, po (archaic)

⇒ Middle English: pecok, pocok, pacok
English: peacock
→ Hawaiian: pīkake
→ English: pikake
→ Maori: pīkake
Scots: pacok, pecok

Old Frisian: *pāwa, *pāu

Saterland Frisian: Pau

West Frisian: pau

Old Saxon: pāo, *pāwo

Middle Low German: pâwe, pauwe, pâw

German Low German: Pau

Old Dutch: *pāwo, *pāo

Middle Dutch: pau, pawe, pauwe

Dutch: pauw
Afrikaans: pou
Negerhollands: powwis
→ Munsee: páaw
→ Papiamentu: pòwis

Old High German: pfāwo, pfāwa
Middle High German: pfāwe, pfā
German: Pfau m, (chiefly Austria) Pfaue f
⇒ German: Pfauhahn f
⇒ Middle High German: *pfāwelīn, *pfāuwelīn (diminutive)
German: Pfäulein (archaic)
→ Estonian: paabulind
→ Old East Slavic:
Belarusian: паўлі́н (paŭlín)
Russian: павли́н (pavlín)
Rhine Franconian: Fau, Pau
Frankfurterisch: IPA [fau]
Yiddish: פּאַווע (pave)


samftō

Old English: sōfte
Middle English: softe, soft
English: soft

Old Saxon: sāfto

Middle Low German: sachte

German Low German:

Altmärkisch: sacht, sachte

→ Norwegian: sagt, sagte

→ Swedish: sakta (archaic, dialectal)

→ Danish: sagt, sagte

Old High German: samfto

Middle High German: sanfte, samfte


sōm(ī)

sōm (canonical)
ī (romanization)
sōm (masculine nominative singular)
sōmu (feminine nominative singular)
sōm (neuter nominative singular)
sōmanā (accusative masculine singular)
sōmā (accusative feminine singular)
sōm (accusative neuter singular)
sōmas (genitive masculine singular)
sōmeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
sōmas (genitive neuter singular)
sōmumē (dative masculine singular)
sōmeʀē (dative feminine singular)
sōmumē (dative neuter singular)
sōmu (instrumental masculine singular)
sōmeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
sōmu (instrumental neuter singular)
sōmē (masculine nominative plural)
sōmō (feminine nominative plural)
sōmu (neuter nominative plural)
sōmā (accusative masculine plural)
sōmā (accusative feminine plural)
sōmu (accusative neuter plural)
sōmeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
sōmeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
sōmeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
sōmēm (dative masculine plural)
sōmum (dative masculine plural)
sōmēm (dative feminine plural)
sōmum (dative feminine plural)
sōmēm (dative neuter plural)
sōmum (dative neuter plural)
sōmēm (instrumental masculine plural)
sōmum (instrumental masculine plural)
sōmēm (feminine instrumental plural)
sōmum (feminine instrumental plural)
sōmēm (instrumental neuter plural)
sōmum (instrumental neuter plural)
sōmī (masculine nominative singular)
sōmiju (feminine nominative singular)
sōmī (neuter nominative singular)
sōmijanā (accusative masculine singular)
sōmijā (accusative feminine singular)
sōmī (accusative neuter singular)
sōmijas (genitive masculine singular)
sōmijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
sōmijas (genitive neuter singular)
sōmijumē (dative masculine singular)
sōmijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
sōmijumē (dative neuter singular)
sōmiju (instrumental masculine singular)
sōmijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
sōmiju (instrumental neuter singular)
sōmijē (masculine nominative plural)
sōmijō (feminine nominative plural)
sōmiju (neuter nominative plural)
sōmijā (accusative masculine plural)
sōmijā (accusative feminine plural)
sōmiju (accusative neuter plural)
sōmijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
sōmijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
sōmijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
sōmijēm (dative masculine plural)
sōmijum (dative masculine plural)
sōmijēm (dative feminine plural)
sōmijum (dative feminine plural)
sōmijēm (dative neuter plural)
sōmijum (dative neuter plural)
sōmijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
sōmijum (instrumental masculine plural)
sōmijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
sōmijum (feminine instrumental plural)
sōmijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
sōmijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: *sōme, *sōm

⇒ Old English: ġesōm

Old Frisian: sōm

Old Saxon: sōmi

Old High German: *suomi

Middle High German: süome

From Proto-Germanic *sōmiz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


-īn

-īn (nominative singular)
-īnō (nominative plural)
-īnōs (nominative plural)
-īn (accusative singular)
-īnā (accusative plural)
-īnas (genitive singular)
-īnō (genitive plural)
-īnē (dative singular)
-īnum (dative plural)
-īnu (instrumental singular)
-īnum (instrumental plural)

Old English: -en

Middle English: -en

Scots: -en, -in

English: -en

Old Frisian: -en

Saterland Frisian: -en

West Frisian: -en

Old Saxon: -īn

Middle Low German: -en

Low German: -en

Old Dutch: *-īn

Middle Dutch: -ijn, -en

Dutch: -en

Old High German: -īn

Middle High German: -en

German: -en

Creates adjectives from nouns with the sense 'characteristic of, made of'.


-īn

-īn (nominative singular)
-īnu (nominative plural)
-īn (accusative singular)
-īnu (accusative plural)
-īnas (genitive singular)
-īnō (genitive plural)
-īnē (dative singular)
-īnum (dative plural)
-īnu (instrumental singular)
-īnum (instrumental plural)

Old English: -en

Middle English: -en

English: -en

Scots: -in, -een

Old Frisian: -en

Saterland Frisian: -en

Old Saxon: -īn

Middle Low German: -en

German Low German: -en

Old Dutch: *-īn

Middle Dutch: -ijn, -en

Old High German: -īn

Middle High German: -en

German: -en

Creates diminutive nouns from other nouns.


ansiju

ansiju (nominative singular)
ansijō (nominative plural)
ansijā (accusative singular)
ansijā (accusative plural)
ansijā (genitive singular)
ansijō (genitive plural)
ansijē (dative singular)
ansijōm (dative plural)
ansijum (dative plural)
ansiju (instrumental singular)
ansijōm (instrumental plural)
ansijum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *ōse, *ōs
North Frisian: ous
Saterland Frisian: Oose
West Frisian: oes

Old Saxon: *ōsia

desc

Middle Low German: ö̂se, oese, o̊se, ouse, osse

German Low German:

Dortmunder, Westphalian (Sauerländisch (Niedersfeld, Olpe)): Ööse

Old Prussian, Westphalian (Bentheimisch, East Westphalian (Lippe)): Öse

Sauerländisch: Oise, Öüse (Attendorn, Drolshagen), Ööese (Wenden)

→ Middle High German: ōse

German: Öse

>? Old High German: *ansa, ensa

→ Vulgar Latin: *ansia, *āsia (“loop, eyelet, pot handle, cup handle, arms akimbo, elbow room”) (possibly)

Old French: aise, eise (“elbow room, opportunity”)

Middle French: aise

French: aise

→ Middle English: ese

English: ease


manakuni

manakuni (nominative singular)
manakunnju (nominative plural)
manakuni (accusative singular)
manakunnju (accusative plural)
manakunnjas (genitive singular)
manakunnjō (genitive plural)
manakunnjē (dative singular)
manakunnjum (dative plural)
manakunnju (instrumental singular)
manakunnjum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: mancynn
Middle English: mankin, mankun, mancun
English: mankin

Old Saxon: mankunni

Old High German: mankunni

Middle High German: mankünne

From Proto-Germanic *manakunją. Equivalent to *mann + *kuni.


Ingumār

Ingumār (nominative singular)
Ingumār (accusative singular)
Ingumāras (genitive singular)
Ingumārē (dative singular)
Ingumāru (instrumental singular)

Old High German: Ingomār

German: Ingemar

→ German: Ingomar (semi-learned)

→ Latin: Hincmārus, Inguiomērus

→ French: Hincmar, Incmar (semi-learned)

→? Galician: Angumil

From Proto-Germanic *Ingumēraz, equivalent to *Ingu (“Germanic fertility god”) + *mār (“fame”).

af

a male given name, meaning famous in battle


ambō

ambō (nominative singular)
amban (nominative plural)
amban (accusative singular)
amban (accusative plural)
ambini (genitive singular)
amban (genitive singular)
ambanō (genitive plural)
ambini (dative singular)
amban (dative singular)
ambum (dative plural)
ambini (instrumental singular)
amban (instrumental singular)
ambum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *ambo (attested as ambon (plural))

Middle Low German: amme

Old High German: ambo, amban (< *ambanaz), ambana (< *ambanō) (secondary thematicization)

German: Amen (Hessian)

From Proto-Germanic *ambô, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃émbʰō ~ *h₃m̥bʰnés, from the root *h₃enbʰ- (“navel, hub”). Formal cognate with Latin umbō.


wagn

wagn (nominative singular)
wagnō (nominative plural)
wagnōs (nominative plural)
wagn (accusative singular)
wagnā (accusative plural)
wagnas (genitive singular)
wagnō (genitive plural)
wagnē (dative singular)
wagnum (dative plural)
wagnu (instrumental singular)
wagnum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: wæġn, wæġen, wǣn
Middle English: wayn, wain, wein, weyne, weine, wayne, wayen, wene, wen, waȝȝn, waynne, wane
English: wain
Scots: wain, wayn, wane

Old Frisian: wain, wein

North Frisian: wajen

Saterland Frisian: Woain

West Frisian: wein

Old Saxon: wagan
Middle Low German: wagen
Low German: Wagen

Old Dutch: *wagan

Middle Dutch: wagen

Dutch: wagen
Afrikaans: wa
Jersey Dutch: wâxe
→ Lokono: wagen
→ Sranan Tongo: wagi
→ Aukan: wagi
→ Caribbean Javanese: wagé
→ Saramaccan: wági

Limburgish: wage

Old High German: wagan

Middle High German: wagen

German: Wagen

Central Franconian: Woon

Hunsrik: Waan

Luxembourgish: Won

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: baago

Yiddish: וואָגן (vogn)


gerōn

gerōn (infinitive)
gerōnijas (genitive infinitive)
gerōnijē (dative infinitive)
gerōniju (infinitive instrumental)
gerō (first-person present singular)
gerōdā (first-person past singular)
gerōs (present second-person singular)
gerōdēs (past second-person singular)
gerōdōs (past second-person singular)
gerōþ (present singular third-person)
gerōdē (past singular third-person)
gerōdā (past singular third-person)
gerōm (first-person plural present)
gerōdum (first-person past plural)
gerōþ (plural present second-person)
gerōdud (past plural second-person)
gerōnþ (plural present third-person)
gerōdun (past plural third-person)
gerōdī (first-person past singular)
gerōdī (past second-person singular)
gerō (present singular third-person)
gerōdī (past singular third-person)
gerōdīm (first-person past plural)
gerōdīd (past plural second-person)
gerōn (plural present third-person)
gerōdīn (past plural third-person)
gerō (present singular)
gerōþ (plural present)
gerōndī (participle present)
gerōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: jeria, jaria, *geria

Old Saxon: gerōn

Middle Low German: geren

Old Dutch: geron

Middle Dutch: gēren

Dutch: geren

Old High German: gerōn

Middle High German: geren, gern

German: geren, gehren

From *gerī (“greed”) + *-ōn or *gerīg (“greedy”) + *-ōn. Compare *gern (“willing, eager”).

begeare

Old Frisian: bijeria, biieria, *bigeria; West Frisian

begehren

Middle High German: begeren, begern, begirn


leuskō

leuskō (nominative singular)
leuskan (nominative plural)
leuskan (accusative singular)
leuskan (accusative plural)
liuskini (genitive singular)
leuskan (genitive singular)
leuskanō (genitive plural)
liuskini (dative singular)
leuskan (dative singular)
leuskum (dative plural)
liuskini (instrumental singular)
leuskan (instrumental singular)
leuskum (instrumental plural)

Old English: lēosċa

Old Frisian: *liāska

North Frisian: jaoske (Halligen)

Saterland Frisian: Ljaaske f

West Frisian: ljisk m or f

Old Saxon: *liosko

Middle Low German: lēsche, leische

German Low German: Leeske, Leesk

Old Dutch: *liosko

Middle Dutch: liesche, liesse f

Dutch: lies

Afrikaans: lies

From Proto-Germanic *leuskô (“light or transparent skin, specially the groin”).


unwedr

unwedr (nominative singular)
unwedru (nominative plural)
unwedr (accusative singular)
unwedru (accusative plural)
unwedras (genitive singular)
unwedrō (genitive plural)
unwedrē (dative singular)
unwedrum (dative plural)
unwedru (instrumental singular)
unwedrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: unweder

Middle English: unweder

English: unweather

Old Frisian: unweder

Saterland Frisian: Uunweeder

West Frisian: ûnwaar

Old Saxon: unwedar

Old Saxon: unweder

Low German: unweder

Old Dutch: *unwedar

Middle Dutch: onweder

Dutch: onweder, onweer

Old High German: unwetar

Middle High German: unweter, unwiter

German: Unwetter

From Proto-Germanic *unwedrą, whence also Old Norse úveðr, óveðr. Equivalent to *un- + *wedr.


ādrā

ādrā (nominative singular)
ādrōn (nominative plural)
ādrōn (accusative singular)
ādrōn (accusative plural)
ādrōn (genitive singular)
ādrōnō (genitive plural)
ādrōn (dative singular)
ādrōm (dative plural)
ādrum (dative plural)
ādrōn (instrumental singular)
ādrōm (instrumental plural)
ādrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ǣdre
Middle English: edre

Old Frisian: eddere, ēdere

Saterland Frisian: Äddere

Old Dutch: *āthera

desctree

Middle Dutch: adere
Dutch: ader
Afrikaans: aar
Negerhollands: ader, aar
→ Papiamentu: ader, ardu
Limburgish: aoder, aor

Old High German: ādra, ādara

Middle High German: āder

Central Franconian: Oder

German: Ader

Luxembourgish: Oder

Yiddish: אָדער (oder)


wedr

wedr (nominative singular)
wedru (nominative plural)
wedr (accusative singular)
wedru (accusative plural)
wedras (genitive singular)
wedrō (genitive plural)
wedrē (dative singular)
wedrum (dative plural)
wedru (instrumental singular)
wedrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: weder

Middle English: weder, wethyr

English: weather

Scots: weddir, wethir, wathir

Old Frisian: weder, wedder

Saterland Frisian: Weeder

West Frisian: waar

Old Saxon: wedar

German Low German: Weder

Plautdietsch:

Old Dutch: wedar

Dutch: weder, weer

Afrikaans: weer

Old High German: wetar, *wedar

Middle High German: weter (classical), wetter (late), weder (Central German)

Alemannic German: Wätter

Swabian:

Bavarian: Wetta

Austrian: Weda

Cimbrian: bèttar

Mòcheno:

desc

Central Franconian: Wedder, Wäder, Weader, Wäer

Hunsrik: Wetter

Luxembourgish: Wieder

Transylvanian Saxon: Wadder, Wodder

East Central German:

Upper Saxon German: Wättr

East Franconian:

German: Wetter

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Wedder

Yiddish: וועטער (veter)

From Proto-Germanic *wedrą, whence also Old Norse veðr.


tuʀ-

Old English: tor-

Old High German: zur-

tore

Middle English: tor, tore, toor (reinforced by Old Norse tor-)


flaih

flaih (masculine nominative singular)
flaihu (feminine nominative singular)
flaih (neuter nominative singular)
flaihanā (accusative masculine singular)
flaihā (accusative feminine singular)
flaih (accusative neuter singular)
flaihas (genitive masculine singular)
flaiheʀā (feminine genitive singular)
flaihas (genitive neuter singular)
flaihumē (dative masculine singular)
flaiheʀē (dative feminine singular)
flaihumē (dative neuter singular)
flaihu (instrumental masculine singular)
flaiheʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
flaihu (instrumental neuter singular)
flaihē (masculine nominative plural)
flaihō (feminine nominative plural)
flaihu (neuter nominative plural)
flaihā (accusative masculine plural)
flaihā (accusative feminine plural)
flaihu (accusative neuter plural)
flaiheʀō (genitive masculine plural)
flaiheʀō (feminine genitive plural)
flaiheʀō (genitive neuter plural)
flaihēm (dative masculine plural)
flaihum (dative masculine plural)
flaihēm (dative feminine plural)
flaihum (dative feminine plural)
flaihēm (dative neuter plural)
flaihum (dative neuter plural)
flaihēm (instrumental masculine plural)
flaihum (instrumental masculine plural)
flaihēm (feminine instrumental plural)
flaihum (feminine instrumental plural)
flaihēm (instrumental neuter plural)
flaihum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: flāh


harbistamānōþ

harbistamānōþ (nominative singular)
harbistamānōþi (nominative plural)
harbistamānōþu (accusative singular)
harbistamānōþi (accusative plural)
harbistamānōþi (genitive singular)
harbistamānōþō (genitive plural)
harbistamānōþi (dative singular)
harbistamānōþum (dative plural)
harbistamānōþi (instrumental singular)
harbistamānōþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hærfestmōnaþ

Old Dutch: hervistmānōth (“November”)

Old High German: herbistmānod (“September, November”)

Middle High German: herbestmānōt, herbestmānet

German: Herbstmonat (“September, October, November”)

From Proto-Germanic *harbistamēnōþs. Equivalent to *harbist (“harvest”) + *mānōþ (“month”).

a month of the Germanic calendar, corresponds roughy to September.


aʀanōn

aʀanōn (infinitive)
aʀanōnijas (genitive infinitive)
aʀanōnijē (dative infinitive)
aʀanōniju (infinitive instrumental)
aʀanō (first-person present singular)
aʀanōdā (first-person past singular)
aʀanōs (present second-person singular)
aʀanōdēs (past second-person singular)
aʀanōdōs (past second-person singular)
aʀanōþ (present singular third-person)
aʀanōdē (past singular third-person)
aʀanōdā (past singular third-person)
aʀanōm (first-person plural present)
aʀanōdum (first-person past plural)
aʀanōþ (plural present second-person)
aʀanōdud (past plural second-person)
aʀanōnþ (plural present third-person)
aʀanōdun (past plural third-person)
aʀanōdī (first-person past singular)
aʀanōdī (past second-person singular)
aʀanō (present singular third-person)
aʀanōdī (past singular third-person)
aʀanōdīm (first-person past plural)
aʀanōdīd (past plural second-person)
aʀanōn (plural present third-person)
aʀanōdīn (past plural third-person)
aʀanō (present singular)
aʀanōþ (plural present)
aʀanōndī (participle present)
aʀanōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: earnian
Middle English: ernen, arne, erne, earniæn, earnin, ernien (Early Middle English)
English: earn
Scots: earn

Old Saxon: aran

Middle Low German: ernen

Old Dutch: aranōn

Old High German: arnōn

q

with umlaut after noun <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmh">erne</i>

Middle High German: arnen, ernen (with umlaut after noun erne)

with -t- after noun <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">Ernte</i>

German: ernten (with -t- after noun Ernte)

From Proto-Germanic *azanōną. Equivalent to *aʀani (“summer, harvent”) + *-ōn.


nōnā

nōnā (nominative singular)
nōnōn (nominative plural)
nōnōn (accusative singular)
nōnōn (accusative plural)
nōnōn (genitive singular)
nōnōnō (genitive plural)
nōnōn (dative singular)
nōnōm (dative plural)
nōnum (dative plural)
nōnōn (instrumental singular)
nōnōm (instrumental plural)
nōnum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: nōn m
Middle English: non, none, noon, noun, noune
English: noon

Old Saxon: nōna f, nōn m

Old Dutch: *nōna f, *nōn m

Middle Dutch: noene f, noen m

Dutch: noen m

Old High German: nōna f

Middle High German: nône

German: None

Borrowed from Latin nōna (hōra) (“ninth (hour)”).


gasihti

gasihti (nominative singular)
gasihtī (nominative plural)
gasihti (accusative singular)
gasihtī (accusative plural)
gasihtī (genitive singular)
gasihtijō (genitive plural)
gasihtī (dative singular)
gasihtim (dative plural)
gasihtijum (dative plural)
gasihtī (instrumental singular)
gasihtim (instrumental plural)
gasihtijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġesihþ, gesiht
Middle English: i-sight

Old Saxon: gisiht

Old Dutch: gisiht

Middle Dutch: gesicht

Dutch: gezicht

Old High German: gisiht

Middle High German: gesiht

Cimbrian: gazicht

German: Gesicht

Yiddish: געזיכט (gezikht)

Luxembourgish: Gesiicht


drupil

drupil (nominative singular)
drupilō (nominative plural)
drupilōs (nominative plural)
drupil (accusative singular)
drupilā (accusative plural)
drupilas (genitive singular)
drupilō (genitive plural)
drupilē (dative singular)
drupilum (dative plural)
drupilu (instrumental singular)
drupilum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *drupel, *drepel

West Frisian: drippel

Old Saxon: drupil, *dropil

Middle Low German: drōpel, drȫpel

Old Dutch: *dropil, *drupil

Middle Dutch: dropel, druppel

Dutch: druppel

Old High German: *tropfil

Middle High German: tröpfel

German: Tröpfel


stormōn

stormōn (infinitive)
stormōnijas (genitive infinitive)
stormōnijē (dative infinitive)
stormōniju (infinitive instrumental)
stormō (first-person present singular)
stormōdā (first-person past singular)
stormōs (present second-person singular)
stormōdēs (past second-person singular)
stormōdōs (past second-person singular)
stormōþ (present singular third-person)
stormōdē (past singular third-person)
stormōdā (past singular third-person)
stormōm (first-person plural present)
stormōdum (first-person past plural)
stormōþ (plural present second-person)
stormōdud (past plural second-person)
stormōnþ (plural present third-person)
stormōdun (past plural third-person)
stormōdī (first-person past singular)
stormōdī (past second-person singular)
stormō (present singular third-person)
stormōdī (past singular third-person)
stormōdīm (first-person past plural)
stormōdīd (past plural second-person)
stormōn (plural present third-person)
stormōdīn (past plural third-person)
stormō (present singular)
stormōþ (plural present)
stormōndī (participle present)
stormōd (participle past)

Old English: *stormian

Middle English: stormen

English: storm

Old Frisian: stormia

West Frisian: stoarmje

Old Saxon: sturmōn (the vowel 'u' is unexpected)

Middle Low German: stormen, störmen

Low German: stormen, störmen

Old Dutch: *stormon

Middle Dutch: stormen

Dutch: stormen

Afrikaans: storm


sturmijan

sturmijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
sturmijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
sturmijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
sturmijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
sturmiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
sturmidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sturmisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
sturmidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sturmidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sturmiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
sturmidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sturmidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sturmijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
sturmidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sturmiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
sturmidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
sturmijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
sturmidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sturmijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
sturmidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sturmijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
sturmidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sturmijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
sturmidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sturmijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
sturmidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sturmijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
sturmidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
sturmijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
sturmidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sturmi (class-1 present singular weak)
sturmiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
sturmijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
sturmid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: styrman

Old High German: sturmen

Middle High German: stürmen

German: stürmen

From Proto-Germanic *sturmijaną. Equivalent to *sturm + *-jan.


gābā

gābā (nominative singular)
gābōn (nominative plural)
gābōn (accusative singular)
gābōn (accusative plural)
gābōn (genitive singular)
gābōnō (genitive plural)
gābōn (dative singular)
gābōm (dative plural)
gābum (dative plural)
gābōn (instrumental singular)
gābōm (instrumental plural)
gābum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *gāva

Middle Low German: gāve

Low German:

German Low German: Gaav

Westphalian:

Suerländer-Märkisch: Gaabe

Westmünsterländisch: Gaabe

Plautdietsch: Gow

Old Dutch: *gāva

Middle Dutch: gāve

Dutch: gave

Afrikaans: gawe

Old High German: *gāba

Middle High German: gābe

German: Gabe

Luxembourgish: Gof

Yiddish: גאָב (gob)

From Proto-Germanic *gēbǭ. Cognate with Old Norse gáfa, sometimes suggested to be a borrowing from West Germanic.


kaupōn

kaupōn (infinitive)
kaupōnijas (genitive infinitive)
kaupōnijē (dative infinitive)
kaupōniju (infinitive instrumental)
kaupō (first-person present singular)
kaupōdā (first-person past singular)
kaupōs (present second-person singular)
kaupōdēs (past second-person singular)
kaupōdōs (past second-person singular)
kaupōþ (present singular third-person)
kaupōdē (past singular third-person)
kaupōdā (past singular third-person)
kaupōm (first-person plural present)
kaupōdum (first-person past plural)
kaupōþ (plural present second-person)
kaupōdud (past plural second-person)
kaupōnþ (plural present third-person)
kaupōdun (past plural third-person)
kaupōdī (first-person past singular)
kaupōdī (past second-person singular)
kaupō (present singular third-person)
kaupōdī (past singular third-person)
kaupōdīm (first-person past plural)
kaupōdīd (past plural second-person)
kaupōn (plural present third-person)
kaupōdīn (past plural third-person)
kaupō (present singular)
kaupōþ (plural present)
kaupōndī (participle present)
kaupōd (participle past)

Old English: ċēapian

Middle English: chepen

Scots: chepe, cheip

English: cheap

Old Frisian: kāpia

North Frisian: kupe, koope

Saterland Frisian: koopje

West Frisian: keapje

→ Dutch: kapen

→ English: cop

Old Saxon: *kōpōn

Middle Low German: kôpen

German Low German: kopen

Old Dutch: cōpon
Middle Dutch: côpen
Dutch: kopen
Afrikaans: koop
Berbice Creole Dutch: kopu
Negerhollands: koop, kop
Skepi Creole Dutch: kop
Limburgish: koupe

Old High German: koufōn, choufōn
Middle High German: koufen
Alemannic German:
Alsatian: köife
Swabian: kaafe
Bavarian: kaufn, kaffa
Central Franconian: koofe, kaufe (Kölsch; Westerwald), koofn
East Franconian: kaafm
German: kaufen
Luxembourgish: kafen
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: kaafe
Vilamovian: kaofja
Yiddish: קויפֿן (koyfn)

From Proto-Germanic *kaupōną. Equivalent to *kaupō (“merchant, innkeeper”) + *-ōn.


swammijan

swammijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
swammijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
swammijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
swammijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
swammiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
swammidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
swammisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
swammidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swammidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swammiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
swammidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swammidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swammijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
swammidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
swammiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
swammidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
swammijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
swammidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
swammijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
swammidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
swammijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
swammidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swammijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
swammidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swammijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
swammidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
swammijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
swammidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
swammijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
swammidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
swammi (class-1 present singular weak)
swammiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
swammijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
swammid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *swemman

⇒ Old English: beswemman

Old Saxon: *swemmian

Middle Low German: swemmen

Old Dutch: *swemmen

Middle Dutch: swemmen
Dutch: zwemmen
Limburgish: zwömme

Old High German: *swemmen

Middle High German: swemmen

German: schwemmen


hirmijan

hirmijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hirmijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hirmijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hirmijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hirmiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hirmidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hirmisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hirmidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hirmidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hirmiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hirmidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hirmidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hirmijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hirmidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hirmiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hirmidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hirmijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hirmidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hirmijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hirmidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hirmijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hirmidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hirmijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hirmidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hirmijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hirmidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hirmijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hirmidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hirmijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hirmidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hirmi (class-1 present singular weak)
hirmiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hirmijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hirmid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Dutch: *hirmen

Middle Dutch: hermen

Old High German: hirmen

Middle High German: hirmen

Switzerland German: hirmen

⇒ Switzerland German: gehirmen


saikijan

saikijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
saikijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
saikijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
saikijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
saikiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
saikidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
saikisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
saikidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
saikidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
saikiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
saikidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
saikidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
saikijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
saikidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
saikiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
saikidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
saikijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
saikidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
saikijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
saikidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
saikijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
saikidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
saikijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
saikidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
saikijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
saikidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
saikijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
saikidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
saikijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
saikidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
saiki (class-1 present singular weak)
saikiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
saikijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
saikid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *sēkian

Middle High German: sēken

Old Dutch: *seiken, *sēken

Middle Dutch: seiken, sêken

Dutch: zeiken

Old High German: seihhen

Middle High German: seichen

German: seichen


tundijan

tundijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
tundijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
tundijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
tundijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
tundiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tundidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tundisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tundidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tundidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tundiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tundidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tundidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tundijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tundidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tundiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tundidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tundijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tundidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tundijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tundidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tundijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tundidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tundijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tundidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tundijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tundidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tundijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tundidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tundijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tundidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tundi (class-1 present singular weak)
tundiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
tundijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
tundid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old High German: zunden

Middle High German: zünden

Bavarian: zindn

German: zünden


staubijan

staubijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
staubijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
staubijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
staubijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
staubiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
staubidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
staubisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
staubidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
staubidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
staubiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
staubidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
staubidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
staubijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
staubidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
staubiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
staubidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
staubijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
staubidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
staubijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
staubidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
staubijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
staubidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
staubijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
staubidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
staubijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
staubidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
staubijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
staubidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
staubijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
staubidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
staubi (class-1 present singular weak)
staubiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
staubijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
staubid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *stōvian

Middle Low German: stōven, stöven

Old Dutch: *stōven

Middle Dutch: stôven

Dutch: stoven

Kroonen reconstructs Proto-Germanic *staubijaną, a causative verb from which this verb would descend, from *steubaną (“to fume, smoke”). Other etymological sources prefer to reconstruct this verb as a derivation of *stubu (“stove, heating place”) (i.e. *stubōn), possibly from Vulgar Latin *extūfa, *extūfāre (“to heat with steam”), from Latin ex- + *tūfus (“hot vapor”), from Ancient Greek τῦφος (tûphos, “fever”). Perhaps it's a merger of both.


staubijan

Old Saxon: *stōvian

Middle Low German: stöven

Old High German: stouben

Middle High German: stäuben

German: stäuben

From *staub (“dust”) + *-jan. See *stubbju.


hūdijan

hūdijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hūdijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hūdijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hūdijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hūdiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hūdidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hūdisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hūdidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hūdidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hūdiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hūdidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hūdidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hūdijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hūdidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hūdiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hūdidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hūdijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hūdidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hūdijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hūdidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hūdijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hūdidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hūdijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hūdidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hūdijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hūdidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hūdijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hūdidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hūdijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hūdidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hūdi (class-1 present singular weak)
hūdiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hūdijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hūdid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: hȳdan
Middle English: huden, hyden, hiden
English: hide
Scots: hide, hyde

Old Frisian: hūda, hēda

Old Saxon: *hūdian

Middle Low German: hü̂den

Low German: hüden

⇒ Low German: verhüden

Old Dutch: *hūden

Middle Dutch: huden

Dutch: huiden


wrankijan

wrankijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
wrankijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
wrankijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
wrankijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
wrankiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wrankidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wrankisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wrankidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wrankidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wrankiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wrankidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wrankidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wrankijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wrankidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wrankiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wrankidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wrankijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wrankidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wrankijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wrankidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wrankijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wrankidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wrankijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wrankidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wrankijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wrankidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wrankijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wrankidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wrankijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wrankidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wranki (class-1 present singular weak)
wrankiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
wrankijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
wrankid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: wrencan
Middle English: wrenchen, wrenche, wrynche, wrenk, wrenke (Northern)
English: wrench
Middle Scots: wrenk, wrink
>? Scots: renk

Old High German: *renken

Middle High German: renken

German: renken


stampijan

stampijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
stampijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
stampijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
stampijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
stampiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stampidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stampisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stampidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stampidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stampiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stampidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stampidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stampijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stampidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stampiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stampidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stampijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stampidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stampijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stampidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stampijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stampidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stampijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stampidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stampijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stampidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stampijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stampidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stampijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stampidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stampi (class-1 present singular weak)
stampiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
stampijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
stampid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: stempan
Middle English: stampen, staumpe, stompe
English: stamp
Yola: stampe

Old Frisian: *stempa

West Frisian: stimpe, stimpje

Old Saxon: *stempian

Middle Low German: stempen

Old Dutch: *stempen
Middle Dutch: stempen

Old High German: *stempfen

Middle High German: stempfen

Presumably from Proto-Germanic *stampijaną, iterative to *stampōną (“to compress; to stamp”), whence Proto-West Germanic *stampōn.


swalljan

swalljan (class-1 infinitive weak)
swalljannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
swalljannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
swalljannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
swallju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
swaldā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
swalisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
swaldēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swaldōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swaliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
swaldē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swaldā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swalljum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
swaldum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
swaliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
swaldud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
swalljanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
swaldun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
swalljē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
swaldī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
swalljēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
swaldī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swalljē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
swaldī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swalljēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
swaldīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
swalljēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
swaldīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
swalljēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
swaldīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
swali (class-1 present singular weak)
swaliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
swalljandī (class-1 participle present weak)
swald (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: swellan

Old Saxon: *swellian

Middle Low German: swellen

Old High German: swellen


plukkijan

plukkijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
plukkijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
plukkijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
plukkijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
plukkiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
plukkidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
plukkisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
plukkidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
plukkidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
plukkiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
plukkidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
plukkidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
plukkijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
plukkidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
plukkiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
plukkidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
plukkijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
plukkidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
plukkijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
plukkidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
plukkijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
plukkidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
plukkijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
plukkidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
plukkijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
plukkidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
plukkijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
plukkidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
plukkijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
plukkidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
plukki (class-1 present singular weak)
plukkiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
plukkijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
plukkid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: plyccan

Middle English: plicchen

English: plitch

Old Saxon: *plukkian

Middle Low German: plücken

Old Dutch: plucken

Middle Dutch: plucken

Dutch: plukken

Old High German: *phlucken

Middle High German: pflücken

German: pflücken

A class 1 weak verb closely related to the iterative verb *plukkōn. Could be derived from *plukkō (“pluck of hair”) + *-jan. Possibly inherited from a theoretical Proto-Germanic *plukkijaną.


stuntijan

stuntijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
stuntijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
stuntijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
stuntijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
stuntiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stuntidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stuntisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stuntidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stuntidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stuntiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stuntidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stuntidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stuntijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stuntidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stuntiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stuntidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stuntijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stuntidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stuntijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stuntidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stuntijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stuntidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stuntijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stuntidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stuntijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stuntidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stuntijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stuntidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stuntijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stuntidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stunti (class-1 present singular weak)
stuntiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
stuntijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
stuntid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: styntan

Middle English: stinten

English: stint, stent


paþþjan

paþþjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
paþþjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
paþþjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
paþþjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
paþþju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
paþidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
paþisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
paþidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
paþidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
paþiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
paþidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
paþidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
paþþjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
paþidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
paþiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
paþidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
paþþjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
paþidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
paþþjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
paþidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
paþþjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
paþidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
paþþjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
paþidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
paþþjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
paþidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
paþþjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
paþidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
paþþjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
paþidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
paþi (class-1 present singular weak)
paþiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
paþþjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
paþid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: pæþþan, peþþan

Old Saxon: *peþþian

Middle Low German: pedden

Low German: pedden

Old High German: *pfeden

Middle High German: pfeden


galīkī

galīkī (nominative singular)
galīkīn (accusative singular)
galīkīn (genitive singular)
galīkīn (dative singular)
galīkīn (instrumental singular)
galīkī (nominative singular)
galīkiju (nominative plural)
galīkī (accusative singular)
galīkiju (accusative plural)
galīkijas (genitive singular)
galīkijō (genitive plural)
galīkijē (dative singular)
galīkijum (dative plural)
galīkiju (instrumental singular)
galīkijum (instrumental plural)

Old Dutch: *gilīki

Middle Dutch: gelike f or n

Dutch: gelijk n

Old High German: gilīhhi f

Middle High German: gelīche f

German: Gleiche f or n

From Proto-Germanic *galīkiją. Equivalent to *galīk (“alike”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).


mastijan

mastijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
mastijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
mastijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
mastijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
mastiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
mastidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
mastisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
mastidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
mastidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
mastiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
mastidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
mastidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
mastijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
mastidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
mastiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
mastidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
mastijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
mastidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
mastijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
mastidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
mastijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
mastidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
mastijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
mastidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
mastijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
mastidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
mastijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
mastidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
mastijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
mastidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
masti (class-1 present singular weak)
mastiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
mastijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
mastid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: mæstan

Old Saxon: *mestian

Middle Low German: mesten

Old Dutch: *mesten

Middle Dutch: mesten

Dutch: mesten

⇒ Dutch: vetmesten

Old High German: *mesten

Middle High German: mesten

German: mästen

From *mast (“mast, fruits of the forest”) + *-jan.


skuttjan

skuttjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
skuttjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
skuttjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
skuttjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
skuttju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skuttā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skutisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skuttēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skuttōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skutiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skuttē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skuttā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skuttjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skuttum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skutiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skuttud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skuttjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skuttun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skuttjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skuttī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skuttjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skuttī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skuttjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skuttī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skuttjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skuttīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skuttjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skuttīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skuttjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skuttīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skuti (class-1 present singular weak)
skutiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
skuttjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
skutt (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: scyttan
Middle English: shetten, shutten
English: shut

Old Frisian: sketta

Old Saxon: *skuttian

Middle Low German: schütten

Old Dutch: *skutten

Middle Dutch: schutten

Dutch: schutten

Old High German: *skutzen

Middle High German: schützen

German: schützen

From *skut (“a border, a divider”) + *-jan.


helpārī

helpārī (nominative singular)
helpārijō (nominative plural)
helpārijōs (nominative plural)
helpārī (accusative singular)
helpārijā (accusative plural)
helpārijas (genitive singular)
helpārijō (genitive plural)
helpārijē (dative singular)
helpārijum (dative plural)
helpāriju (instrumental singular)
helpārijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *helpere
Middle English: helpere
English: helper
Scots: helpare, helpar, helper

Old Frisian: helpere
Saterland Frisian: Hälper
West Frisian: helper

Old Saxon: helpāri, helperi

desc

Middle Low German: helpære, helpēre, helpere, helper, hölpere, hölper

German Low German: Helper

Old Dutch: *helpāri

Middle Dutch: helpere

Dutch: helper

Old High German: helfāri

Middle High German: helfære, helpfāre, helpfære, helpfer, helfer

German: Helfer

From *helpu + *-ārī, from Proto-Germanic *helpō.


skuddjan

skuddjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
skuddjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
skuddjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
skuddjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
skuddju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skuddā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skudisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skuddēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skuddōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skudiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skuddē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skuddā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skuddjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skuddum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skudiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skuddud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skuddjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skuddun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skuddjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skuddī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skuddjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skuddī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skuddjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skuddī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skuddjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skuddīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skuddjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skuddīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skuddjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skuddīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skudi (class-1 present singular weak)
skudiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
skuddjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
skudd (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Frisian: skedda

Old Saxon: skuddian

Middle Low German: schüdden

desctree

Old Dutch: scudden
Middle Dutch: schudden
Dutch: schudden
Limburgish: sjödde

Old High German: scutten

Middle High German: schütten

German: schütten

Unclear, attested in West Germanic only, possibly related to Lithuanian kutė́ti (“to shake”)


hrōmijan

hrōmijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hrōmijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hrōmijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hrōmijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hrōmiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hrōmidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hrōmisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hrōmidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hrōmidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hrōmiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hrōmidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hrōmidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hrōmijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hrōmidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hrōmiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hrōmidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hrōmijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hrōmidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hrōmijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hrōmidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hrōmijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hrōmidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hrōmijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hrōmidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hrōmijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hrōmidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hrōmijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hrōmidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hrōmijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hrōmidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hrōmi (class-1 present singular weak)
hrōmiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hrōmijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hrōmid (class-1 participle past weak)

q

Old English: hrœ̄man, hrēman (seems to be confused/conflated with *hraumijan)

Middle English: remen

Old Saxon: hrōmian

Middle Low German: rȫmen

Old Dutch: *ruomen

Middle Dutch: roemen

Dutch: roemen

Afrikaans: roem

Old High German: ruomen

Middle High German: rüehmen

German: rühmen


regnabogō

regnabogō (nominative singular)
regnabogan (nominative plural)
regnabogan (accusative singular)
regnabogan (accusative plural)
regnabugini (genitive singular)
regnabogan (genitive singular)
regnaboganō (genitive plural)
regnabugini (dative singular)
regnabogan (dative singular)
regnabogum (dative plural)
regnabugini (instrumental singular)
regnabogan (instrumental singular)
regnabogum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: reġnboga
Middle English: reynbowe, raynbowe, raynebowe, rayne-bowe, reinbow, reinbowe, rein-bowe, reynebawe, reynebow, reynebowe, rainbou, rainbow, rayn-boghe (Northern)
English: rainbow
Scots: rainbow

Old Frisian: reinboga

Saterland Frisian: Rienbooge

West Frisian: reinbôge

Old Saxon: *reganbogo

desc

Middle Low German: regenboge, regensboge

German Low German: Regenboog

Low German: Regenbaag, Regenbagen

Plautdietsch: Räajenboagen

Old Dutch: *reganbogo

Middle Dutch: rēgenbōge

Dutch: regenboog

Afrikaans: reënboog

desctree

Old High German: reginbogo, reganbogo
Middle High German: regenboge, rëgenboge
German: Regenbogen
Hunsrik: Rehnbohe
Luxembourgish: Reebou
Vilamovian: ranaböga, rȧnaböga, rȧnböga, raenaböga, rǡnabȫga
Yiddish: רעגנבויגן (regnboygn)

From Proto-Germanic *regnabugô. Equivalent to *regn + *bogō.


wōlijan

wōlijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
wōlijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
wōlijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
wōlijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
wōliju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wōlidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wōlisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wōlidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wōlidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wōliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wōlidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wōlidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wōlijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wōlidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wōliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wōlidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wōlijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wōlidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wōlijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wōlidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wōlijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wōlidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wōlijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wōlidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wōlijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wōlidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wōlijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wōlidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wōlijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wōlidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wōli (class-1 present singular weak)
wōliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
wōlijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
wōlid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: wōlian

Middle Low German: wōlen

Old Dutch: *wuolen

Middle Dutch: woelen

Dutch: woelen

Old High German: wuolen

Middle High German: wüelen

Cimbrian: büulan

German: wühlen

Luxembourgish: wullen

Unclear, could be derived from *wōl (“disaster”) + *-jan, or from the same root as *wellan (“to toss, turn”) with a different ablaut grade.