hlaþan

hlaþan (infinitive)
hlaþannjas (genitive infinitive)
hlaþannjē (dative infinitive)
hlaþannju (infinitive instrumental)
hlaþu (first-person present singular)
hlōþ (first-person past singular)
hlaþiʀi (present second-person singular)
hlōdī (past second-person singular)
hlaþidi (present singular third-person)
hlōþ (past singular third-person)
hlaþum (first-person plural present)
hlōdum (first-person past plural)
hlaþid (plural present second-person)
hlōdud (past plural second-person)
hlaþand (plural present third-person)
hlōdun (past plural third-person)
hlaþē (first-person present singular)
hlōdī (first-person past singular)
hlaþēs (present second-person singular)
hlaþē (present singular third-person)
hlōdī (past singular third-person)
hlaþēm (first-person plural present)
hlōdīm (first-person past plural)
hlaþēþ (plural present second-person)
hlōdīd (past plural second-person)
hlaþēn (plural present third-person)
hlōdīn (past plural third-person)
hlaþ (present singular)
hlaþid (plural present)
hlaþandī (participle present)
hladan (participle past)

Old English: hladan

Middle English: laden

Scots: lade, laid

English: lade

Old Saxon: hladan

Middle Low German: lāden

Low German: laden

Old Dutch: *ladan

Middle Dutch: lāden

Dutch: laden

Afrikaans: laai

Old High German: hladan, ladan

Middle High German: laden

Alemannic German: lade

German: laden

Luxembourgish: lueden

→ Polish: ładować


dādi

dādi (nominative singular)
dādī (nominative plural)
dādi (accusative singular)
dādī (accusative plural)
dādī (genitive singular)
dādijō (genitive plural)
dādī (dative singular)
dādim (dative plural)
dādijum (dative plural)
dādī (instrumental singular)
dādim (instrumental plural)
dādijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: dǣd, dēd

Middle English: dede

English: deed

Scots: dede, ded, deid

Old Frisian: dēd, dēde

Saterland Frisian: Däid

West Frisian: died

Old Saxon: dād

Middle Low German: dât, dâde

German Low German: Daad

Low German: Daat

→ Saterland Frisian: Doat

Old Dutch: dāt, *dād

Middle Dutch: dat, daet, *daed, dade

Dutch: daad

Afrikaans: daad

Old High German: tāt

Middle High German: tāt, dāt, tæte

German: Tat

Luxembourgish: Dot


brōþer

brōþer (nominative singular)
brōþar (nominative plural)
brōþar (accusative singular)
brōþar (accusative plural)
brōþur (genitive singular)
brōþrō (genitive plural)
brōþri (dative singular)
brōþrum (dative plural)
brōþri (instrumental singular)
brōþrum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: brōþor, brōþer, brōþur, brōðer, brōður
Middle English: brother
English: brother (see there for further descendants)
Scots: brither, bruther, broder, bruder
Yola: brover, brower

Old Frisian: brōther
North Frisian:
Amrum: bruder
Föhr: bruler
Northern Goesharder: (Hoolmer) broor, (Hoorninger) brår
Southern Goesharder: brööðer
Hallig: bröör
Halunder: Bruur
Mooring: brouder
Sylt: Bröđer
Saterland Frisian: Brúur, Brour (Strukelje)
West Frisian: broer

Old Saxon: brōthar
Middle Low German: brôder, brûder
German Low German: Broder, Broor, Bröör
Plautdietsch: Brooda

Old Dutch: *bruothar

Middle Dutch: broeder
Dutch: broeder, broer
Afrikaans: broeder, broer
Limburgish: broor

Old High German: bruoder
Middle High German: bruoder
Alemannic German: Brüeder, Brueder
Italian Walser: briöder, bruder, brueder, bröder
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: pruudar, pruadar (Luserna, Tredici Comuni)
Mòcheno: pruader
Northern Bavarian: [ˈb̥rou̯d̥ɐ], [ˈb̥rei̯d̥ɐ]
Udinese: pruadar, prueder, pruider
Central Franconian: Broder, Bruder
Hunsrik: Bruder
Luxembourgish: Brudder
German: Bruder
Rhine Franconian: Bruder
Frankfurterisch: [pʀuːd̥æ̆], [prɔurə]
Pennsylvania German: Bruder
Vilamovian: brüder
Yiddish: ברודער (bruder)


tanþ

tanþ (nominative singular)
tanþi (nominative plural)
tanþu (accusative singular)
tanþi (accusative plural)
tanþi (genitive singular)
tanþō (genitive plural)
tanþi (dative singular)
tanþum (dative plural)
tanþi (instrumental singular)
tanþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: tōþ
Middle English: tothe, toth, tooth
Scots: tuth, tutht, tuith
English: tooth

Old Frisian: tōth
North Frisian:
Föhr-Amrum: tus
Sylt: Ter

Old Saxon: tand

Middle Low German: tant, tan

Low German: Tähn

German Low German: Tand, Tann, Tähn

Plautdietsch: Tän

→ Saterland Frisian: Tiende

Old Dutch: tant
Middle Dutch: tant
Dutch: tand

Old High German: zand, zan, zant, tænd
Middle High German: zan, zant
Alemannic German: Zah
Bavarian: Zåhn, Zant
Central Franconian: Zank, Zand
Kölsch: Zant
German: Zahn
→ Central Franconian: Zahn
Hunsrik: Zaan
Luxembourgish: Zant
Pennsylvania German: Zaah
Swabian: Zah, Zai
Vilamovian: cōn
Yiddish: צאָן (tson)
→ Italian: zanna (via Lombardic)


hrinþ

hrinþ (nominative singular)
hrinþiʀu (nominative plural)
hrinþ (accusative singular)
hrinþiʀu (accusative plural)
hrinþiʀi (genitive singular)
hrinþiʀō (genitive plural)
hrinþiʀi (dative singular)
hrinþiʀum (dative plural)
hrinþiʀi (instrumental singular)
hrinþiʀum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hrīþ (< nom.sg.), hrīþer (< nom.pl.)
Middle English: rother, reother, rither, rether
English: rother

Old Frisian: hrīther, hrēther, hrinder (< nom.pl.)

North Frisian: ridder, redder

Saterland Frisian: Räier

West Frisian: rier

Old Saxon: hrīth, *hrind

Middle Low German: rint

Low German: Rind

Old Dutch: hrind, rind

Middle Dutch: rint, rent

gl

Dutch: rind, rend, rund (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *hrunþ, from Proto-Germanic *hrunþaz)

West Flemish: rend

desctree

Old High German: rind, hrind
Middle High German: rint
Alemannic German: Rind
Central Franconian: Rend, Renk (native in most of Ripuarian, now chiefly western dialects), Rond, Rönd (Eifel)
German: Rind
Hunsrik: Rind
Luxembourgish: Rand
Vilamovian: rynd


breuþan

breuþan (infinitive)
breuþannjas (genitive infinitive)
breuþannjē (dative infinitive)
breuþannju (infinitive instrumental)
breuþu (first-person present singular)
brauþ (first-person past singular)
briuþiʀi (present second-person singular)
brudī (past second-person singular)
briuþidi (present singular third-person)
brauþ (past singular third-person)
breuþum (first-person plural present)
brudum (first-person past plural)
briuþid (plural present second-person)
brudud (past plural second-person)
breuþand (plural present third-person)
brudun (past plural third-person)
breuþē (first-person present singular)
brudī (first-person past singular)
breuþēs (present second-person singular)
breuþē (present singular third-person)
brudī (past singular third-person)
breuþēm (first-person plural present)
brudīm (first-person past plural)
breuþēþ (plural present second-person)
brudīd (past plural second-person)
breuþēn (plural present third-person)
brudīn (past plural third-person)
briuþ (present singular)
briuþid (plural present)
breuþandī (participle present)
brodan (participle past)

Old English: brēoþan

Middle English: breothen

Old High German: briodan


aiþum

aiþum (nominative singular)
aiþumō (nominative plural)
aiþumōs (nominative plural)
aiþum (accusative singular)
aiþumā (accusative plural)
aiþumas (genitive singular)
aiþumō (genitive plural)
aiþumē (dative singular)
aiþumum (dative plural)
aiþumu (instrumental singular)
aiþumum (instrumental plural)

Old English: āþum
Middle English: aþum, oþom, oþam, oþem

Old Frisian: āthum, āthom, āthem

>? Saterland Frisian: Oom

Old Saxon: *ēthum

Middle Low German: eidom, eidum

German Low German:

Westfalian: Eedem

Old Dutch: *eithum, *eitham

Middle Dutch: eidom (eastern)

Dutch: eidom, eedom (obsolete)

Limburgish: eejem

Old High German: eidum, eidam

Middle High German: eidem, eiden

German: Eidam (obsolete)

Luxembourgish: Eedem

Yiddish: איידעם (eydem)

Unknown; possibly related to Proto-Germanic *aiþį̄ (“mother”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey-tmó-s, from *h₂ey- (“to give, attribute”).

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache


delban

delban (infinitive)
delbannjas (genitive infinitive)
delbannjē (dative infinitive)
delbannju (infinitive instrumental)
delbu (first-person present singular)
dalb (first-person past singular)
dilbiʀi (present second-person singular)
dulbī (past second-person singular)
dilbidi (present singular third-person)
dalb (past singular third-person)
delbum (first-person plural present)
dulbum (first-person past plural)
dilbid (plural present second-person)
dulbud (past plural second-person)
delband (plural present third-person)
dulbun (past plural third-person)
delbē (first-person present singular)
dulbī (first-person past singular)
delbēs (present second-person singular)
delbē (present singular third-person)
dulbī (past singular third-person)
delbēm (first-person plural present)
dulbīm (first-person past plural)
delbēþ (plural present second-person)
dulbīd (past plural second-person)
delbēn (plural present third-person)
dulbīn (past plural third-person)
dilb (present singular)
dilbid (plural present)
delbandī (participle present)
dolban (participle past)

Old English: delfan

Middle English: delven

Scots: delve

English: delve

Old Frisian: delva

West Frisian: dolle

q

in compounds: <i class="Latn mention" lang="osx">bidelvan</i>

Old Saxon: *delvan (in compounds: bidelvan)

Middle Low German: delven

Low German: dölven

desctree

Old Dutch: *delvan
Middle Dutch: delven
Dutch: delven
Afrikaans: delf, delwe
Limburgish: dèlve

q

in compounds: <i class="Latn mention" lang="goh">bitelban</i>

Old High German: *telpan, *telban (in compounds: bitelban)

Middle High German: tëlben, dëlben

German: delben, telben (dialectal)


ārundī

ārundī (nominative singular)
ārundiju (nominative plural)
ārundī (accusative singular)
ārundiju (accusative plural)
ārundijas (genitive singular)
ārundijō (genitive plural)
ārundijē (dative singular)
ārundijum (dative plural)
ārundiju (instrumental singular)
ārundijum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: ǣrende, ǣrænde
Middle English: erende, erand, arend, ernde, arnde
English: errand
Scots: erand, eirand, earand
Yola: erroane, errone

Old Frisian: ērende

Old Saxon: ārundi

Old High German: ārunti

desc

Middle High German: ārant, arant, erande, erende

Bavarian: Erend, Ernd

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *airundiją. Monophthongisation of ai to ā before r is regular and shared with North Germanic; compare e.g. Proto-West Germanic *sair.

inh+

Old English: ǣrendianMiddle English: arndien


hrespan

hrespan (infinitive)
hrespannjas (genitive infinitive)
hrespannjē (dative infinitive)
hrespannju (infinitive instrumental)
hrespu (first-person present singular)
hrasp (first-person past singular)
hrispiʀi (present second-person singular)
hruspī (past second-person singular)
hrispidi (present singular third-person)
hrasp (past singular third-person)
hrespum (first-person plural present)
hruspum (first-person past plural)
hrispid (plural present second-person)
hruspud (past plural second-person)
hrespand (plural present third-person)
hruspun (past plural third-person)
hrespē (first-person present singular)
hruspī (first-person past singular)
hrespēs (present second-person singular)
hrespē (present singular third-person)
hruspī (past singular third-person)
hrespēm (first-person plural present)
hruspīm (first-person past plural)
hrespēþ (plural present second-person)
hruspīd (past plural second-person)
hrespēn (plural present third-person)
hruspīn (past plural third-person)
hrisp (present singular)
hrispid (plural present)
hrespandī (participle present)
hrospan (participle past)

⇒ Old English: ġehrespan

Old Frisian: hrespa

Old High German: hrespan, respan

Middle High German: rëspen


auhaim

auhaim (nominative singular)
auhaimō (nominative plural)
auhaimōs (nominative plural)
auhaim (accusative singular)
auhaimā (accusative plural)
auhaimas (genitive singular)
auhaimō (genitive plural)
auhaimē (dative singular)
auhaimum (dative plural)
auhaimu (instrumental singular)
auhaimum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: ēam
Middle English: em, eam, eem, eeme, eme, heme, nem, æem, æm, eom, heam, yem (Early Middle English), eame, eyme (Late Middle English)
English: eam, eme (dialectal)
Scots: eme

Old Frisian: ām, āme, ēm

North Frisian: ohm

Saterland Frisian: Oom

West Frisian: iem, yem, yeme

Old Saxon: *ōhēm

Middle Low German: ōhem, ōm

Low German: Ohm

Münsterländisch: Low German: Öhms (plural)

Plautdietsch: Oom

Old Dutch: *ōm

Middle Dutch: ôom
Dutch: oom
Afrikaans: oom
Berbice Creole Dutch: om
Negerhollands: noom, nom, noem
→ Virgin Islands Creole: nom, noom (dated)
→ Indonesian: om
→ Papiamentu: mò, òn, òmpi (from the diminutive), mo (Aruba), òm (Aruba), omo (Aruba), oom
→ Sranan Tongo: omu
→ West Frisian: omme, omke
Limburgish: oeam

Old High German: ōheim

Middle High German: ōheim; (Central German) ōhem, ōem

German: Oheim, Ohm (partly from Low German), Oehm


flītan

flītan (infinitive)
flītannjas (genitive infinitive)
flītannjē (dative infinitive)
flītannju (infinitive instrumental)
flītu (first-person present singular)
flait (first-person past singular)
flītiʀi (present second-person singular)
flitī (past second-person singular)
flītidi (present singular third-person)
flait (past singular third-person)
flītum (first-person plural present)
flitum (first-person past plural)
flītid (plural present second-person)
flitud (past plural second-person)
flītand (plural present third-person)
flitun (past plural third-person)
flītē (first-person present singular)
flitī (first-person past singular)
flītēs (present second-person singular)
flītē (present singular third-person)
flitī (past singular third-person)
flītēm (first-person plural present)
flitīm (first-person past plural)
flītēþ (plural present second-person)
flitīd (past plural second-person)
flītēn (plural present third-person)
flitīn (past plural third-person)
flīt (present singular)
flītid (plural present)
flītandī (participle present)
flitan (participle past)

Old English: flītan
Middle English: flyten, fflytt, flite, fliten, flyte, flytin
English: flite, flyte
Scots: flite, flyte

Old Saxon: flītan
Middle Low German: vlîten
German Low German: flieten

Old Dutch: flītan
Middle Dutch: vliten

Old High German: flīzan, flīzzan

Middle High German: vlīzen

German: fleißen

Unknown; presumably from Proto-Germanic *flītaną, possibly:
* cognate with Welsh llwydd (“prosperity, success”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleyd- (“to attempt”),
* or related to *splītan (“to split”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pleyd- (“to split”).


hraddjan

hraddjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hraddjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hraddjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hraddjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hraddju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hraddā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hradisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hraddēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hraddōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hradiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hraddē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hraddā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hraddjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hraddum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hradiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hraddud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hraddjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hraddun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hraddjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hraddī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hraddjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hraddī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hraddjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hraddī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hraddjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hraddīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hraddjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hraddīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hraddjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hraddīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hradi (class-1 present singular weak)
hradiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hraddjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hradd (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: hreddan
Middle English: redden, redde, reddenn (Ormulum)
English: redd, red; rid
Scots: redd, red

Old Frisian: hredda, reda

Saterland Frisian: rädje

West Frisian: rêde

Old Saxon: *hreddian

Middle Low German: redden

Low German: redden

→ Danish: redde

→ Icelandic: redda

→ Swedish: rädda

→ Norwegian: redde

Old Dutch: *redden

Middle Dutch: redden

Dutch: redden

Afrikaans: red

Old High German: retten

Middle High German: retten

German: retten

Luxembourgish: retten


fų̄ht

fų̄ht (masculine nominative singular)
fų̄htu (feminine nominative singular)
fų̄ht (neuter nominative singular)
fų̄htanā (accusative masculine singular)
fų̄htā (accusative feminine singular)
fų̄ht (accusative neuter singular)
fų̄htas (genitive masculine singular)
fų̄hteʀā (feminine genitive singular)
fų̄htas (genitive neuter singular)
fų̄htumē (dative masculine singular)
fų̄hteʀē (dative feminine singular)
fų̄htumē (dative neuter singular)
fų̄htu (instrumental masculine singular)
fų̄hteʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
fų̄htu (instrumental neuter singular)
fų̄htē (masculine nominative plural)
fų̄htō (feminine nominative plural)
fų̄htu (neuter nominative plural)
fų̄htā (accusative masculine plural)
fų̄htā (accusative feminine plural)
fų̄htu (accusative neuter plural)
fų̄hteʀō (genitive masculine plural)
fų̄hteʀō (feminine genitive plural)
fų̄hteʀō (genitive neuter plural)
fų̄htēm (dative masculine plural)
fų̄htum (dative masculine plural)
fų̄htēm (dative feminine plural)
fų̄htum (dative feminine plural)
fų̄htēm (dative neuter plural)
fų̄htum (dative neuter plural)
fų̄htēm (instrumental masculine plural)
fų̄htum (instrumental masculine plural)
fų̄htēm (feminine instrumental plural)
fų̄htum (feminine instrumental plural)
fų̄htēm (instrumental neuter plural)
fų̄htum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: fūht

Old Frisian: *fūht, *fūhte

Saterland Frisian: fuchtich

West Frisian: fochte; fochtich

Old Saxon: *fūht

Middle Low German: vucht

German Low German: fucht; fuchtig

Low German: fucht

→ Danish: fugt (noun); fugtig

→ Swedish: fukt (noun); fuktig

→ Norwegian: fuktig

Old Dutch: fughte (in placenames)

Middle Dutch: vucht, vocht

Dutch: vocht (noun); vochtig

Afrikaans: vog (noun); vogtig

Old High German: fūht, fūhti; fiuhti

Middle High German: viuchte

German: feucht

From Proto-Germanic *funhtaz, related to the verb *funhtijaz (“to be wet”).


fōgijan

fōgijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
fōgijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
fōgijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
fōgijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
fōgiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fōgidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fōgisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fōgidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fōgidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fōgiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fōgidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fōgidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fōgijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fōgidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fōgiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fōgidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fōgijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fōgidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fōgijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fōgidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fōgijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fōgidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fōgijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fōgidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fōgijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fōgidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fōgijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fōgidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fōgijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fōgidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fōgi (class-1 present singular weak)
fōgiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
fōgijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
fōgid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: fēġan

Middle English: feyen

English: fay

Old Saxon: fōgian

Middle Low German: vȫgen, vôgen

Low German: fögen

→ Old Danish: fø̄ghæ

Danish: føje

→ Old Swedish: fōgha, fø̄ghia

Swedish: foga

Old Dutch: fuogen
Middle Dutch: voegen
Dutch: voegen
Afrikaans: voeg
Limburgish: voge

Old High German: fuogen

Middle High German: vuogen, vüegen

German: fügen

vüegede

Old High German: fuogida; Middle High German

gifōgitha

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *gafōgiþu; Old Saxon

gefüegede

Old High German: gifuogida; Middle High German

fuogen

Old High German: *fuogōn; Middle High German

gefuogen

⇒ Old High German: gifuogōn; Middle High German


aiskōn

aiskōn (infinitive)
aiskōnijas (genitive infinitive)
aiskōnijē (dative infinitive)
aiskōniju (infinitive instrumental)
aiskō (first-person present singular)
aiskōdā (first-person past singular)
aiskōs (present second-person singular)
aiskōdēs (past second-person singular)
aiskōdōs (past second-person singular)
aiskōþ (present singular third-person)
aiskōdē (past singular third-person)
aiskōdā (past singular third-person)
aiskōm (first-person plural present)
aiskōdum (first-person past plural)
aiskōþ (plural present second-person)
aiskōdud (past plural second-person)
aiskōnþ (plural present third-person)
aiskōdun (past plural third-person)
aiskōdī (first-person past singular)
aiskōdī (past second-person singular)
aiskō (present singular third-person)
aiskōdī (past singular third-person)
aiskōdīm (first-person past plural)
aiskōdīd (past plural second-person)
aiskōn (plural present third-person)
aiskōdīn (past plural third-person)
aiskō (present singular)
aiskōþ (plural present)
aiskōndī (participle present)
aiskōd (participle past)

Old English: āscian, ācsian, āxian, acsiġan, æscian, æxian, axian, axiġan, axiġean, āhsian, ahsian
Middle English: askien, axen, aschen, eskien, eschen, aishen
English: ask, aks, ax
Sranan Tongo: aksi
Scots: ask, as, ax

Old Frisian: āskia, āschia
Saterland Frisian: aaskje
West Frisian: easkje

Old Saxon: ēskōn, ēskian, ēscōn, ēscian
Middle Low German: êschen, eischen
Low German: eschen
→ Danish: æske
→ Swedish: äska
→ Norwegian: eske

Old Dutch: *eiscon
Middle Dutch: eischen
Dutch: eisen
Afrikaans: eis
Limburgish: eisje

Old High German: eiscōn

Middle High German: eischen, heischen

German: heischen (influenced by *haitan)

Luxembourgish: heeschen (fully merged)


widuwā

widuwā (nominative singular)
widuwōn (nominative plural)
widuwōn (accusative singular)
widuwōn (accusative plural)
widuwōn (genitive singular)
widuwōnō (genitive plural)
widuwōn (dative singular)
widuwōm (dative plural)
widuwum (dative plural)
widuwōn (instrumental singular)
widuwōm (instrumental plural)
widuwum (instrumental plural)

Old English: widuwe
Middle English: widwe
English: widow
Scots: weedae, wedow, widdow

Old Frisian: widwe, wedwe

Saterland Frisian: Wiede- (in Wiedewieuw, Wiedekäärel)

West Frisian: widdo

Old Saxon: widuwa, widowa

desc

Middle Low German: wedewe, weduwe, wedue

Plautdietsch: Wät- (in Wätfru)

Old Dutch: widowa

Middle Dutch: weduwe, wedewe

desctree

Dutch: weduwe
Afrikaans: weduwee
Negerhollands: weduwe
→ Caribbean Hindustani: widhwá

Old High German: wituwa, witawa
Middle High German: witewe
Cimbrian: bittaba
German: Witwe
Luxembourgish: Wit- (in Witfra, Witmann)
Vilamovian: wytwa

From Proto-Germanic *widuwǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁widʰéwh₂ (“widow”).


harbist

harbist (nominative singular)
harbistō (nominative plural)
harbistōs (nominative plural)
harbist (accusative singular)
harbistā (accusative plural)
harbistas (genitive singular)
harbistō (genitive plural)
harbistē (dative singular)
harbistum (dative plural)
harbistu (instrumental singular)
harbistum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hærfest
Middle English: hervest, harvest, ervest, herfest
English: harvest
Scots: hairst, harvest
Yola: hearesth, harrest

Old Frisian: herfst

Saterland Frisian: Häärst

West Frisian: hjerst

North Frisian: Hārefst (Sylt), harewst (Föhr-Amrum)

Old Saxon: herƀist

Middle Low German: hervest

Low German: Harvst

Plautdietsch: Hoafst

Old Dutch: hervist (attested in compound: heruistmanot)

Middle Dutch: hervest, herfst

Dutch: herfst

Afrikaans: herfs

Limburgish: herfs, harves

Old High German: herbist

Middle High German: herbest, herbst

Alemannic German: Herpscht

Walser: harpscht, herbscht, hérbscht

Bavarian: herbast

Cimbrian: herbest, hèrbest, herbust

Mòcheno: herbest

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Herrebst

Luxembourgish: Hierscht

German: Herbst

Vilamovian: hiewyst

Yiddish: האַרבסט (harbst)


raikijan

raikijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
raikijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
raikijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
raikijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
raikiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
raikidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
raikisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
raikidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
raikidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
raikiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
raikidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
raikidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
raikijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
raikidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
raikiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
raikidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
raikijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
raikidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
raikijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
raikidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
raikijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
raikidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
raikijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
raikidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
raikijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
raikidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
raikijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
raikidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
raikijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
raikidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
raiki (class-1 present singular weak)
raikiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
raikijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
raikid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: rǣċan

Middle English: rechen

Scots: reche, reich

English: reach

Old Frisian: rēka, rētza

North Frisian: reke

Saterland Frisian: räkke

West Frisian: reke, rikke

Old Saxon: *rēkian

Middle Low German: rêken, rêiken

German Low German: recken

Old Dutch: *reiken
Middle Dutch: reiken
Dutch: reiken
Afrikaans: reik

Old High German: reichen, reihhen
Middle High German: reichen
Bavarian: reicha, reichn
Cimbrian: rékhan
German: reichen
Yiddish: גרייכן (greykhn)


smertan

smertan (infinitive)
smertannjas (genitive infinitive)
smertannjē (dative infinitive)
smertannju (infinitive instrumental)
smertu (first-person present singular)
smart (first-person past singular)
smirtiʀi (present second-person singular)
smurtī (past second-person singular)
smirtidi (present singular third-person)
smart (past singular third-person)
smertum (first-person plural present)
smurtum (first-person past plural)
smirtid (plural present second-person)
smurtud (past plural second-person)
smertand (plural present third-person)
smurtun (past plural third-person)
smertē (first-person present singular)
smurtī (first-person past singular)
smertēs (present second-person singular)
smertē (present singular third-person)
smurtī (past singular third-person)
smertēm (first-person plural present)
smurtīm (first-person past plural)
smertēþ (plural present second-person)
smurtīd (past plural second-person)
smertēn (plural present third-person)
smurtīn (past plural third-person)
smirt (present singular)
smirtid (plural present)
smertandī (participle present)
smortan (participle past)

Old English: *smeortan

desc

Middle English: smerten, smeorten, smearten, smarten

English: smart

Scots: smert, smairt

Old Frisian: *smerta

Saterland Frisian: smeete, smäite

West Frisian: smerte

Old Saxon: *smertan

Middle Low German: smerten, smarten

German Low German: smarten

Low German: smerten

→ Danish: smerte

→ Swedish: smärta

→ Norwegian: smerte

Old Dutch: *smertan

Middle Dutch: smerten, smarten

Dutch: smarten

Afrikaans: smart

Old High German: smerzan

Middle High German: schmerzen

German: schmerzen


stappjan

stappjan (infinitive)
stappjannjas (genitive infinitive)
stappjannjē (dative infinitive)
stappjannju (infinitive instrumental)
stappju (first-person present singular)
stōp (first-person past singular)
stapiʀi (present second-person singular)
stōpī (past second-person singular)
stapidi (present singular third-person)
stōp (past singular third-person)
stappjum (first-person plural present)
stōpum (first-person past plural)
stapid (plural present second-person)
stōpud (past plural second-person)
stappjand (plural present third-person)
stōpun (past plural third-person)
stappjē (first-person present singular)
stōpī (first-person past singular)
stappjēs (present second-person singular)
stappjē (present singular third-person)
stōpī (past singular third-person)
stappjēm (first-person plural present)
stōpīm (first-person past plural)
stappjēþ (plural present second-person)
stōpīd (past plural second-person)
stappjēn (plural present third-person)
stōpīn (past plural third-person)
stapi (present singular)
stapid (plural present)
stappjandī (participle present)
stapan (participle past)

Old English: stæppan, steppan

Middle English: steppen, stappen

English: step

→ Dutch: steppen

Scots: stap, stop, step

Old Frisian: steppa, stapa

North Frisian: stape

Saterland Frisian: stappe

West Frisian: stappe

Old Saxon: steppian

Middle Low German: stappen, stippen

German Low German: stappen

Old Dutch: *stappen, *steppen

Middle Dutch: stappen

Dutch: stappen

Afrikaans: stap

Old High German: stepfen, stephen

Middle High German: stepfen

German: stepfen (obsolete)


māan

māan (infinitive)
māannjas (genitive infinitive)
māannjē (dative infinitive)
māannju (infinitive instrumental)
māu (first-person present singular)
mē (first-person past singular)
māiʀi (present second-person singular)
mēī (past second-person singular)
māidi (present singular third-person)
mē (past singular third-person)
māum (first-person plural present)
mēum (first-person past plural)
māid (plural present second-person)
mēud (past plural second-person)
māand (plural present third-person)
mēun (past plural third-person)
māē (first-person present singular)
mēī (first-person past singular)
māēs (present second-person singular)
māē (present singular third-person)
mēī (past singular third-person)
māēm (first-person plural present)
mēīm (first-person past plural)
māēþ (plural present second-person)
mēīd (past plural second-person)
māēn (plural present third-person)
mēīn (past plural third-person)
mā (present singular)
māid (plural present)
māandī (participle present)
māan (participle past)

desctree

Old English: māwan
Middle English: mawen, mowen
English: mow
Scots: maw

Old Frisian: *meā, *miā

Saterland Frisian: mjo

West Frisian: mjeane, meane

Old Saxon: *māian

desc

Middle Low German: meien, meyen, meygen, meigen, mêgen

German Low German: maihen

→ Swedish: meja

→ Danish: meje

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: meie

Norwegian Nynorsk: meia, meie

Old Dutch: *māien

Middle Dutch: mâyen

Dutch: maaien

Afrikaans: maai

Old High German: māen

Middle High German: mæjen

German: mähen

Luxembourgish: méien


skāp

skāp (nominative singular)
skāpu (nominative plural)
skāp (accusative singular)
skāpu (accusative plural)
skāpas (genitive singular)
skāpō (genitive plural)
skāpē (dative singular)
skāpum (dative plural)
skāpu (instrumental singular)
skāpum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: sċēap, *sċǣp, sċēp, scīp
Middle English: schep, scheep, schepe, sheep, shepe, ssep (Kent, Southern)
English: sheep (see there for further descendants)
Scots: sheep
Yola: zheep, sheep

Old Frisian: skēp
North Frisian:
Föhr-Amrum: schep, schap
Goesharde: schäip
Helgoland: skēap
Mooring: schäip
Sylt: Sjip
Wiedingharde: sees
East Frisian:
Harlingerland Frisian: schaip
Saterland Frisian: Skäip, Schäip
Wangerooge Frisian: schaip
Wursten Frisian: schepp, scheep
West Frisian: skiep
Hindeloopen: skeep
Schiermonnikoog: schiep

Old Saxon: skāp, scāp
Middle Low German: schâp
Low German:
German Low German:
Hamburgisch: Schaap
Westphalian:
Ravensbergisch: Schåp
Sauerländisch: Schōp
Westmünsterländisch: Schaop
Plautdietsch: Schop

Old Dutch: scāp
Middle Dutch: schâep
Dutch: schaap
Afrikaans: skaap
Berbice Creole Dutch: skapu
Jersey Dutch: sxâp
Negerhollands: skaap, skap
→ Lokono: sjikapoe, shikápo
→ Sranan Tongo: skapu
→ Saramaccan: sikáfu, sikápu
→ Warao: sikabo

Old High German: scāf
Middle High German: schāf
Alemannic German: Schooff
Swabian: Schoaf
Bavarian: Schåf
Carinthian: Hap
East Central German:
Upper Saxon German: Schåf
German: Schaf
→ Alemannic German: Schaf
Hunsrik: Schof
Luxembourgish: Schof
Rhine Franconian: Schoof
Palatine German: Schoof
Pennsylvania German: Schof
Vilamovian: siöf
Yiddish: שאָף (shof)


plehan

plehan (infinitive)
plehannjas (genitive infinitive)
plehannjē (dative infinitive)
plehannju (infinitive instrumental)
plehu (first-person present singular)
plah (first-person past singular)
plihiʀi (present second-person singular)
plāgī (past second-person singular)
plihidi (present singular third-person)
plah (past singular third-person)
plehum (first-person plural present)
plāgum (first-person past plural)
plihid (plural present second-person)
plāgud (past plural second-person)
plehand (plural present third-person)
plāgun (past plural third-person)
plehē (first-person present singular)
plāgī (first-person past singular)
plehēs (present second-person singular)
plehē (present singular third-person)
plāgī (past singular third-person)
plehēm (first-person plural present)
plāgīm (first-person past plural)
plehēþ (plural present second-person)
plāgīd (past plural second-person)
plehēn (plural present third-person)
plāgīn (past plural third-person)
plih (present singular)
plihid (plural present)
plehandī (participle present)
plegan (participle past)

Old English: plēon, pleġan

Old Frisian: plega

Old Saxon: plegan
Middle Low German: plēgen, pleggen, pleyen
Low German: plegen
→ Old Norse: plega
Norwegian Bokmål: pleie
Norwegian Nynorsk: pleie
Swedish: pläga
Danish: pleje

Old Dutch: *plian

Middle Dutch: plien

Old Dutch: plegan
Middle Dutch: plēgen
Dutch: plegen
Limburgish: plieëge

desc

Old High German: plegan, pflegan, phlegan

Middle High German: phlëgen, pflegen

Alemannic German: pflääge, pfläge (Appenzell, St. Gallen, Glarus, Schaffhausen, Thurgau, Unterwald)

German: pflegen

→ Polish: pielęgnować

→ Silesian: flyjgować

Luxembourgish: fleegen

Yiddish: פֿלעג (fleg)

>? Medieval Latin: *pleviō, plebiō (“pledge”, verb)

⇒ Medieval Latin: plevium, plebium (“pledge”, noun)

desctree

Old French: plege
Anglo-Norman: plege
→ Middle English: plege
English: pledge
French: pleige

Unknown. Compare perhaps Middle High German spulgen (“to be used to”).


werud

werud (nominative singular)
werudu (nominative plural)
werud (accusative singular)
werudu (accusative plural)
werudas (genitive singular)
werudō (genitive plural)
werudē (dative singular)
werudum (dative plural)
werudu (instrumental singular)
werudum (instrumental plural)

Old English: werod, weorod

* Middle English: wered, werd, wird

Old Saxon: werud

From Proto-Germanic *werudą (“(band of) men”).


lākī

lākī (nominative singular)
lākijō (nominative plural)
lākijōs (nominative plural)
lākī (accusative singular)
lākijā (accusative plural)
lākijas (genitive singular)
lākijō (genitive plural)
lākijē (dative singular)
lākijum (dative plural)
lākiju (instrumental singular)
lākijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: lǣċe

Middle English: leche

English: leech

Old Frisian: lēka, lētza

Old High German: lāhhi


mākī

mākī (nominative singular)
mākijō (nominative plural)
mākijōs (nominative plural)
mākī (accusative singular)
mākijā (accusative plural)
mākijas (genitive singular)
mākijō (genitive plural)
mākijē (dative singular)
mākijum (dative plural)
mākiju (instrumental singular)
mākijum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: mǣċe, mēċe
Middle English: meche, mache, mæche

Old Saxon: māki


grādag

grādag (masculine nominative singular)
grādagu (feminine nominative singular)
grādag (neuter nominative singular)
grādaganā (accusative masculine singular)
grādagā (accusative feminine singular)
grādag (accusative neuter singular)
grādagas (genitive masculine singular)
grādageʀā (feminine genitive singular)
grādagas (genitive neuter singular)
grādagumē (dative masculine singular)
grādageʀē (dative feminine singular)
grādagumē (dative neuter singular)
grādagu (instrumental masculine singular)
grādageʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
grādagu (instrumental neuter singular)
grādagē (masculine nominative plural)
grādagō (feminine nominative plural)
grādagu (neuter nominative plural)
grādagā (accusative masculine plural)
grādagā (accusative feminine plural)
grādagu (accusative neuter plural)
grādageʀō (genitive masculine plural)
grādageʀō (feminine genitive plural)
grādageʀō (genitive neuter plural)
grādagēm (dative masculine plural)
grādagum (dative masculine plural)
grādagēm (dative feminine plural)
grādagum (dative feminine plural)
grādagēm (dative neuter plural)
grādagum (dative neuter plural)
grādagēm (instrumental masculine plural)
grādagum (instrumental masculine plural)
grādagēm (feminine instrumental plural)
grādagum (feminine instrumental plural)
grādagēm (instrumental neuter plural)
grādagum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: grǣdiġ

Middle English: gredy

English: greedy

Scots: gredy, gredie

Old Saxon: grādag

Old Dutch: *grādag

Middle Dutch: gradig

Dutch: graag

Afrikaans: graag

Old High German: grātag


lākinōn

lākinōn (infinitive)
lākinōnijas (genitive infinitive)
lākinōnijē (dative infinitive)
lākinōniju (infinitive instrumental)
lākinō (first-person present singular)
lākinōdā (first-person past singular)
lākinōs (present second-person singular)
lākinōdēs (past second-person singular)
lākinōdōs (past second-person singular)
lākinōþ (present singular third-person)
lākinōdē (past singular third-person)
lākinōdā (past singular third-person)
lākinōm (first-person plural present)
lākinōdum (first-person past plural)
lākinōþ (plural present second-person)
lākinōdud (past plural second-person)
lākinōnþ (plural present third-person)
lākinōdun (past plural third-person)
lākinōdī (first-person past singular)
lākinōdī (past second-person singular)
lākinō (present singular third-person)
lākinōdī (past singular third-person)
lākinōdīm (first-person past plural)
lākinōdīd (past plural second-person)
lākinōn (plural present third-person)
lākinōdīn (past plural third-person)
lākinō (present singular)
lākinōþ (plural present)
lākinōndī (participle present)
lākinōd (participle past)

Old English: lǣcnian, lācnian

Old Saxon: lāknon

Old High German: lāhhanon, lāhhinon


swās

swās (masculine nominative singular)
swāsu (feminine nominative singular)
swās (neuter nominative singular)
swāsanā (accusative masculine singular)
swāsā (accusative feminine singular)
swās (accusative neuter singular)
swāsas (genitive masculine singular)
swāseʀā (feminine genitive singular)
swāsas (genitive neuter singular)
swāsumē (dative masculine singular)
swāseʀē (dative feminine singular)
swāsumē (dative neuter singular)
swāsu (instrumental masculine singular)
swāseʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
swāsu (instrumental neuter singular)
swāsē (masculine nominative plural)
swāsō (feminine nominative plural)
swāsu (neuter nominative plural)
swāsā (accusative masculine plural)
swāsā (accusative feminine plural)
swāsu (accusative neuter plural)
swāseʀō (genitive masculine plural)
swāseʀō (feminine genitive plural)
swāseʀō (genitive neuter plural)
swāsēm (dative masculine plural)
swāsum (dative masculine plural)
swāsēm (dative feminine plural)
swāsum (dative feminine plural)
swāsēm (dative neuter plural)
swāsum (dative neuter plural)
swāsēm (instrumental masculine plural)
swāsum (instrumental masculine plural)
swāsēm (feminine instrumental plural)
swāsum (feminine instrumental plural)
swāsēm (instrumental neuter plural)
swāsum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: swǣs

Old Frisian: swēs

Old Saxon: swās

Old High German: swās


gafrāgī

gafrāgī (masculine nominative singular)
gafrāgiju (feminine nominative singular)
gafrāgī (neuter nominative singular)
gafrāgijanā (accusative masculine singular)
gafrāgijā (accusative feminine singular)
gafrāgī (accusative neuter singular)
gafrāgijas (genitive masculine singular)
gafrāgijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
gafrāgijas (genitive neuter singular)
gafrāgijumē (dative masculine singular)
gafrāgijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
gafrāgijumē (dative neuter singular)
gafrāgiju (instrumental masculine singular)
gafrāgijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
gafrāgiju (instrumental neuter singular)
gafrāgijē (masculine nominative plural)
gafrāgijō (feminine nominative plural)
gafrāgiju (neuter nominative plural)
gafrāgijā (accusative masculine plural)
gafrāgijā (accusative feminine plural)
gafrāgiju (accusative neuter plural)
gafrāgijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
gafrāgijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
gafrāgijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
gafrāgijēm (dative masculine plural)
gafrāgijum (dative masculine plural)
gafrāgijēm (dative feminine plural)
gafrāgijum (dative feminine plural)
gafrāgijēm (dative neuter plural)
gafrāgijum (dative neuter plural)
gafrāgijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
gafrāgijum (instrumental masculine plural)
gafrāgijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
gafrāgijum (feminine instrumental plural)
gafrāgijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
gafrāgijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: ġefrǣġe

Old Saxon: gifrāgi


māg

māg (nominative singular)
māgō (nominative plural)
māgōs (nominative plural)
māg (accusative singular)
māgā (accusative plural)
māgas (genitive singular)
māgō (genitive plural)
māgē (dative singular)
māgum (dative plural)
māgu (instrumental singular)
māgum (instrumental plural)

Old English: mǣġ m or f

Middle English: mæȝ, mæi, meȝ, mei

English: may (“kinsman, person”)

desc

⇒ Old English: māga m (“descendant, son”)

⇒ Old English: māge, mǣġe f

Old Frisian: mēch

North Frisian: meeg

Old Saxon: māg

Middle Low German: mâch

Old Dutch: *māg

Middle Dutch: mâech

Dutch: maag

Afrikaans: maag

Old High German: māg

Middle High German: māc

German: Mage


wolkn

wolkn (nominative singular)
wolknu (nominative plural)
wolkn (accusative singular)
wolknu (accusative plural)
wolknas (genitive singular)
wolknō (genitive plural)
wolknē (dative singular)
wolknum (dative plural)
wolknu (instrumental singular)
wolknum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: wolcn, weolcen, wolc, wolcen
Middle English: welken (from plural wolcnu)
English: welkin
Scots: walk, wak (from wolc)

Old Frisian: wolken, wulken, ulken

North Frisian: wolk

West Frisian: wolken, wolke, wolk

Old Saxon: wolkan, wolcan

Middle Low German: wolken, wulken

Old Dutch: uulcun, wulkon

Middle Dutch: wolken

Old High German: wolkan, wolcan

desc

Middle High German: wolken, wulken n or f or m

Bavarian: Woikn, Wolkn

Yiddish: וואָלקן (volkn)


stuþ

stuþ (nominative singular)
stuþi (nominative plural)
stuþu (accusative singular)
stuþi (accusative plural)
studi (genitive singular)
stodō (genitive plural)
studi (dative singular)
studum (dative plural)
studi (instrumental singular)
studum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: studu, stuþu
Middle English: stude
English: stud
Scots: stuit

Old High German: *stud

Middle High German: stud

Alemannic German: Stud

German: (obsolete) Stud, Studt


kwāni

kwāni (nominative singular)
kwānī (nominative plural)
kwāni (accusative singular)
kwānī (accusative plural)
kwānī (genitive singular)
kwānijō (genitive plural)
kwānī (dative singular)
kwānim (dative plural)
kwānijum (dative plural)
kwānī (instrumental singular)
kwānim (instrumental plural)
kwānijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: cwēn, cwǣn, cuēn, cwœ̄n — Anglian, cœ̄n — Northumbrian
Middle English: quene, qwene, cwene, queene, quen, qween, qweene, queyne, qwenne, qwhene, kuene, quiene, queen
English: queen (see there for further descendants)
Scots: queen, wheen
Yola: queen

Old Saxon: quān

gl

merged with Old Saxon <i class="Latn mention" lang="osx">quena</i>

>? Middle Low German: quêne, kôn (merged with Old Saxon quena)


wāpn

wāpn (nominative singular)
wāpnu (nominative plural)
wāpn (accusative singular)
wāpnu (accusative plural)
wāpnas (genitive singular)
wāpnō (genitive plural)
wāpnē (dative singular)
wāpnum (dative plural)
wāpnu (instrumental singular)
wāpnum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wǣpn, wǣpen

Middle English: wæpenn, wepen

English: weapon

Scots: weipen, weapoun, weapon

Old Frisian: *wāpin, wēpin

Saterland Frisian: Woapen

West Frisian: wapen

Old Saxon: wāpan

Middle Low German: wāpen

German Low German: Wapen, Wopen

→ Middle High German: wāpen

German: Wappen

Old Dutch: wāpan

Middle Dutch: wapen

Dutch: wapen

desctree

Old High German: wāfan
Middle High German: wāfen, wapen
Alemannic German: Waaffe
German: Waffe
→ German Low German: Waffe
Yiddish: וואָפֿן (vofn)


kuml

kuml (nominative singular)
kumlu (nominative plural)
kuml (accusative singular)
kumlu (accusative plural)
kumlas (genitive singular)
kumlō (genitive plural)
kumlē (dative singular)
kumlum (dative plural)
kumlu (instrumental singular)
kumlum (instrumental plural)

Old English: cumbl, cumbol

Old Saxon: kumbl, kumbal


þeudan

þeudan (nominative singular)
þeudanō (nominative plural)
þeudanōs (nominative plural)
þeudan (accusative singular)
þeudanā (accusative plural)
þeudanas (genitive singular)
þeudanō (genitive plural)
þeudanē (dative singular)
þeudanum (dative plural)
þeudanu (instrumental singular)
þeudanum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þēoden

Old Saxon: thiodan


walkan

walkan (infinitive)
walkannjas (genitive infinitive)
walkannjē (dative infinitive)
walkannju (infinitive instrumental)
walku (first-person present singular)
wealk (first-person past singular)
walkiʀi (present second-person singular)
wealkī (past second-person singular)
walkidi (present singular third-person)
wealk (past singular third-person)
walkum (first-person plural present)
wealkum (first-person past plural)
walkid (plural present second-person)
wealkud (past plural second-person)
walkand (plural present third-person)
wealkun (past plural third-person)
walkē (first-person present singular)
wealkī (first-person past singular)
walkēs (present second-person singular)
walkē (present singular third-person)
wealkī (past singular third-person)
walkēm (first-person plural present)
wealkīm (first-person past plural)
walkēþ (plural present second-person)
wealkīd (past plural second-person)
walkēn (plural present third-person)
wealkīn (past plural third-person)
walk (present singular)
walkid (plural present)
walkandī (participle present)
walkan (participle past)

Old English: wealcan
Middle English: walken, walk, walke, walkyn, wolken (conflated with wealcian)
English: walk, waulk
Scots: walk

Old Saxon: *walkan

Middle Low German: walken

Low German: walken

Old Dutch: *walcan

Middle Dutch: walken
Dutch: walken

desc

Old High German: walcan, walkan, walchan

Middle High German: walchen, walken

Bavarian: wålchn, wålgn, woika, woikn

Cimbrian: balchan

German: walken

→ Italian: gualcare

→ Old French: gauchier

Middle French: gauchier, gaucher, gauchir

French: gauchir

Walloon: wauquier

Old French: gauchie, guauche

Middle French: gauche, gaulche

French: gauche

→ English: gauche

Norman: gauche

Walloon: gôche


fātijan

fātijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
fātijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
fātijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
fātijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
fātiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fātidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fātisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fātidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fātidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fātiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fātidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fātidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fātijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fātidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fātiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fātidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fātijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fātidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fātijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fātidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fātijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fātidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fātijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fātidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fātijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fātidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fātijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fātidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fātijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fātidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fāti (class-1 present singular weak)
fātiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
fātijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
fātid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: fǣtan


otr

otr (nominative singular)
ottrō (nominative plural)
ottrōs (nominative plural)
otr (accusative singular)
ottrā (accusative plural)
ottras (genitive singular)
ottrō (genitive plural)
ottrē (dative singular)
ottrum (dative plural)
ottru (instrumental singular)
ottrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: otr, oter, ottor, otor

Middle English: oter, otir, otur, otyre

Scots: otter

English: otter

Old Frisian: *otter

Saterland Frisian: Otter

West Frisian: otter

Old Saxon: *ottar

Middle Low German: otter

German Low German: Otter

desctree

Old Dutch: *ottar
Middle Dutch: otter
Dutch: otter
Berbice Creole Dutch: otro
Limburgish: ódder

Old High German: ottar

Middle High German: otter

German: Otter


kneht

kneht (nominative singular)
knehtō (nominative plural)
knehtōs (nominative plural)
kneht (accusative singular)
knehtā (accusative plural)
knehtas (genitive singular)
knehtō (genitive plural)
knehtē (dative singular)
knehtum (dative plural)
knehtu (instrumental singular)
knehtum (instrumental plural)

Old English: cniht, cnaiht — Northumbrian, cnæht — Mercian, Northumbrian, cneht — Anglian, cneoht, cnyht, cnieht
Middle English: knyght
English: knight
Scots: knicht
Yola: nickht

Old Frisian: kniucht, knecht

North Frisian: knecht

Saterland Frisian: Knächt

West Frisian: knjocht

Old Saxon: kneht

Middle Low German: knecht

Dutch Low Saxon: knecht

German Low German: Knecht

Westphalian (Westmünsterländisch): Knech

→ Danish: knægt

→ Faroese: knektur

→ Swedish: knekt

→ Norwegian: knekt

Old Dutch: *cneht

Middle Dutch: cnecht

Dutch: knecht

Old High German: kneht

Middle High German: knëht

Alemannic German: Chnëcht

German: Knecht
→ Russian: кнехт (knext)

Luxembourgish: Kniecht

Yiddish: קנעכט (knekht)


tauwjan

tauwjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
tauwjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
tauwjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
tauwjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
tauwju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tawidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tawisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tawidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tawidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tawiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tawidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tawidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tauwjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tawidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tawiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tawidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tauwjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tawidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tauwjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tawidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tauwjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tawidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tauwjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tawidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tauwjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tawidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tauwjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tawidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tauwjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tawidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tawi (class-1 present singular weak)
tawiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
tauwjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
tawid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: tawian (class 2 weak) (< *tawōn); tēaġan, tēan

Middle English: tawen, tauwen, tewen

English: taw, tew

Scots: taw

Old Saxon: *tōian

Middle Low German: touwen

Old Dutch: *touwen, *tōien

Middle Dutch: touwen, tôyen, tooyen

Dutch: touwen, tooien

Afrikaans: tooi

Old High German: zouwen

Middle High German: zouwen (in bezouwen, enzouwen, erzouwen, etc.), zöuwen


blāsan

blāsan (infinitive)
blāsannjas (genitive infinitive)
blāsannjē (dative infinitive)
blāsannju (infinitive instrumental)
blāsu (first-person present singular)
blēs (first-person past singular)
blāsiʀi (present second-person singular)
blēʀī (past second-person singular)
blāsidi (present singular third-person)
blēs (past singular third-person)
blāsum (first-person plural present)
blēʀum (first-person past plural)
blāsid (plural present second-person)
blēʀud (past plural second-person)
blāsand (plural present third-person)
blēʀun (past plural third-person)
blāsē (first-person present singular)
blēʀī (first-person past singular)
blāsēs (present second-person singular)
blāsē (present singular third-person)
blēʀī (past singular third-person)
blāsēm (first-person plural present)
blēʀīm (first-person past plural)
blāsēþ (plural present second-person)
blēʀīd (past plural second-person)
blāsēn (plural present third-person)
blēʀīn (past plural third-person)
blās (present singular)
blāsid (plural present)
blāsandī (participle present)
blāʀan (participle past)

Old English: *blāsan, *blǣsan

Middle English: blasen

English: blaze (“to blow, trumpet”)

Scots: blase, blaze

Old Frisian: *blāsa, *blēsa

desc

Saterland Frisian: bloasje, bleesje, bloazje, bläizje

West Frisian: blieze

Old Saxon: *blāsan

Middle Low German: blâsen

Low German: blasen

Plautdietsch: blosen

→ West Frisian: blaze

Old Dutch: *blāsan

Middle Dutch: blâsen

Dutch: blazen

Afrikaans: blaas

→ French: blaser

⇒ French: blasé

→ English: blasé

→ German: blasiert

Old High German: blāsan

Middle High German: blāsen

Bavarian: blåsn

German: blasen

Luxembourgish: blosen

Yiddish: בלאָזן (blozn)


bogō

bogō (nominative singular)
bogan (nominative plural)
bogan (accusative singular)
bogan (accusative plural)
bugini (genitive singular)
bogan (genitive singular)
boganō (genitive plural)
bugini (dative singular)
bogan (dative singular)
bogum (dative plural)
bugini (instrumental singular)
bogan (instrumental singular)
bogum (instrumental plural)

Old English: boga

Middle English: bowe

Scots: bow

English: bow

Old Frisian: boga

Saterland Frisian: Booge

West Frisian: boge

Old Saxon: bogo

Middle Low German: bōge

German Low German: Boog

desctree

Old Dutch: bogo
Middle Dutch: bōge
Dutch: boog
Afrikaans: boog

Old High German: bogo
Middle High German: boge
German: Bogen
Hunsrik: Bohe
Luxembourgish: Bou
Rhine Franconian: Boche, Bouche, Boge, Boo, Booe
Frankfurterisch: [b̥oːɣ̥ə]
Yiddish: בויגן (boygn)


ohsō

ohsō (nominative singular)
ohsan (nominative plural)
ohsan (accusative singular)
ohsan (accusative plural)
ohsini (genitive singular)
ohsan (genitive singular)
ohsanō (genitive plural)
ohsini (dative singular)
ohsan (dative singular)
ohsum (dative plural)
ohsini (instrumental singular)
ohsan (instrumental singular)
ohsum (instrumental plural)

Old English: oxa
Middle English: oxe, hox, nox, occe, ocxe, okse, ox, oxhe, oxse
English: ox (see there for further descendants)
Scots: ox

Old Frisian: oxa

North Frisian: Aus, oxse

West Frisian: okse

Saterland Frisian: Okse

Old Saxon: *ohso

Middle Low German: osce, ochse, osse

German Low German: Osse, Oss

Plautdietsch: Oss

Old Dutch: osso
Middle Dutch: osse
Dutch: os
Afrikaans: os
Negerhollands: os

Old High German: ohso
Middle High German: ohse, ochse, osse, ox
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: oks
Mòcheno: ocks
German: Ochse, Ochs (regional or poetic)
→ Luxembourgish: Ochs
Central Franconian: Ohs
Luxembourgish: Uess
Yiddish: אָקס (oks)


grōtijan

grōtijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
grōtijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
grōtijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
grōtijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
grōtiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
grōtidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
grōtisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
grōtidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
grōtidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
grōtiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
grōtidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
grōtidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
grōtijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
grōtidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
grōtiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
grōtidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
grōtijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
grōtidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
grōtijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
grōtidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
grōtijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
grōtidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
grōtijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
grōtidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
grōtijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
grōtidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
grōtijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
grōtidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
grōtijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
grōtidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
grōti (class-1 present singular weak)
grōtiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
grōtijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
grōtid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: grētan
Middle English: greten
English: greet
Scots: grete, greit

Old Frisian: grēta

Saterland Frisian: gröitje

West Frisian: groetsje

Old Saxon: grōtian
Middle Low German: grö̂ten
German Low German: gröten

Old Dutch: *gruoten

Middle Dutch: groeten, gruten
Dutch: groeten
Afrikaans: groet
Negerhollands: groet, gruet, groetnes
→ Caribbean Javanese: khrut

Old High German: gruozen, gruozzen

Middle High German: grüezen

Alemannic German: grüesse

Bavarian: griaßn

desc

Cimbrian: grüazan, grüusan (Sette Comuni)

German: grüßen

Luxembourgish: gréissen

→? Vulgar Latin: *grōtiāre

Old French: grocier, grucier, groucier, grouchier

→ Middle English: grouchen, grucchen

English: grouch, grutch, grudge, grouse

Scots: gruch, grutch, grunch


strālu

strālu (nominative singular)
strālō (nominative plural)
strālā (accusative singular)
strālā (accusative plural)
strālā (genitive singular)
strālō (genitive plural)
strālē (dative singular)
strālōm (dative plural)
strālum (dative plural)
strālu (instrumental singular)
strālōm (instrumental plural)
strālum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: strǣl, strēl, strǣle
Middle English: stral, *strel
English: strale, streal, streel
⇒ Scots: strule (verb)

Old Frisian: *strāl, *strēle

Saterland Frisian: Stroal

West Frisian: striel

Old Saxon: strāla

Middle Low German: strāle

→ Danish: stråle

→ Icelandic: strjál

→ Norwegian: stråle

→ Swedish: stråle

Old Dutch: strāla

Middle Dutch: strâle
Dutch: straal
Afrikaans: straal
→ Papiamentu: stral, straal
Limburgish: straol

Old High German: strāla

Middle High German: strāle

Alemannic German: Straale pl

German: Strahl

→ Italian: strale

Yiddish: שטראַל (shtral)

From Proto-Indo-European *strēl- (“arrow”), from Proto-Indo-European *ster-, *strē- (“strip, stripe, line, streak, stream, arrow”). Cognate with Lithuanian strėlė (“arrow, dart, jib”), Latvian strēle (“arrow, dart”) and Proto-Slavic *strěla (“arrow”).


fullijan

fullijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
fullijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
fullijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
fullijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
fulliju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fullidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fullisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fullidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fullidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fulliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fullidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fullidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fullijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fullidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fulliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fullidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fullijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fullidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fullijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fullidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fullijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fullidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fullijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fullidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fullijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fullidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fullijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fullidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fullijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fullidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fulli (class-1 present singular weak)
fulliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
fullijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
fullid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: fyllan
Middle English: fillen, felle, fellen, fil, fill, fille, fillyn, fulle, fullen, fylle, velle, vullen, fillenn (Ormulum)
English: fill
Scots: fill
Yola: vill

Old Frisian:

West Frisian: folje

Old Saxon: fullian
Low German: füllen

Old Dutch: *fullen

Middle Dutch: vullen
Dutch: vullen
Afrikaans: vul
Negerhollands: ful, voel
→ Caribbean Javanese: fèl, ngefèl
Limburgish: völle

Old High German: fullen
Middle High German: vüllen
Bavarian: fuin, fülln, fün
Cimbrian: vüllan, büllan (Mezzaselva)
German: füllen
Luxembourgish: fëllen


māl

māl (nominative singular)
mālu (nominative plural)
māl (accusative singular)
mālu (accusative plural)
mālas (genitive singular)
mālō (genitive plural)
mālē (dative singular)
mālum (dative plural)
mālu (instrumental singular)
mālum (instrumental plural)

Old English: mǣl, mēl — Anglian, Kentish
Middle English: mel, mele, melle, mal, male, meyle (chiefly Northern), mæl, mæle, meal (Early Middle English)
English: meal
Scots: meal
Yola: meale, mele
→ Irish: béile

Old Frisian: mēl

Saterland Frisian: Moal, Mäil

West Frisian: miel

Old Saxon: māl

Middle Low German: mâl

Low German: maal

German Low German: Mahl

Old Dutch: *māl

Middle Dutch: mâel

Dutch: maal
Afrikaans: maal
Berbice Creole Dutch: mali
Negerhollands: mal

Limburgish: maol

Old High German: māl

Middle High German: māl

Bavarian: Moi

Cimbrian: mal

Mòcheno: mol

German: Mahl, Mal, mal

Hunsrik: Mol

Luxembourgish: Mol

Yiddish: מאָל (mol)


stubbju

stubbju (nominative singular)
stubbjiwi (nominative plural)
stubbjō (nominative plural)
stubbju (accusative singular)
stubbjū (accusative plural)
stubbjō (genitive singular)
stubbjiwō (genitive plural)
stubbjiwi (dative singular)
stubbjō (dative singular)
stubbjum (dative plural)
stubbju (instrumental singular)
stubbjum (instrumental plural)

Old High German: stuppi

⇒ German: Gestüpp

Old Dutch: *stubbi

Middle Dutch: stubbe


brunaþō

brunaþō (nominative singular)
brunaþan (nominative plural)
brunaþan (accusative singular)
brunaþan (accusative plural)
brunaþini (genitive singular)
brunaþan (genitive singular)
brunaþanō (genitive plural)
brunaþini (dative singular)
brunaþan (dative singular)
brunaþum (dative plural)
brunaþini (instrumental singular)
brunaþan (instrumental singular)
brunaþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bruneþa

Old High German: bronado


hrunō

hrunō (nominative singular)
hrunan (nominative plural)
hrunan (accusative singular)
hrunan (accusative plural)
hrunini (genitive singular)
hrunan (genitive singular)
hrunanō (genitive plural)
hrunini (dative singular)
hrunan (dative singular)
hrunum (dative plural)
hrunini (instrumental singular)
hrunan (instrumental singular)
hrunum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hruna

Old High German: rono


hnut

hnut (nominative singular)
hnuti (nominative plural)
hnutu (accusative singular)
hnuti (accusative plural)
hnuti (genitive singular)
hnotō (genitive plural)
hnuti (dative singular)
hnutum (dative plural)
hnuti (instrumental singular)
hnutum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hnutu
Middle English: nute, note
English: nut
→ Japanese: ナット (natto)
Scots: nute, nuit, nit

Old Frisian: *nutu

Saterland Frisian: Nuute

West Frisian: nút

Old Saxon: hnut, *hnutu

Middle Low German: nōte

German Low German: Nööt

Plautdietsch: Nät

Old Dutch: *nutu
Middle Dutch: nōte
Dutch: noot
Afrikaans: neut
Jersey Dutch: nœüt, nût
Negerhollands: neet, noot
Skepi Creole Dutch: noot
→ Papiamentu: nechi, neetsje, neetsjie (from the diminutive)
→ Saramaccan: notò
Limburgish: noeat (with unexpected oea)

Old High German: nuz
Middle High German: nuz
Alemannic German: Nuss
German: Nuss
Hunsrik: Nuss
Luxembourgish: Noss
Pennsylvania German: Nuss
Yiddish: נוס (nus)


gahugdi

gahugdi (nominative singular)
gahugdī (nominative plural)
gahugdi (accusative singular)
gahugdī (accusative plural)
gahugdī (genitive singular)
gahugdijō (genitive plural)
gahugdī (dative singular)
gahugdim (dative plural)
gahugdijum (dative plural)
gahugdī (instrumental singular)
gahugdim (instrumental plural)
gahugdijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġehyġd

Old Saxon: gihugd

Middle Low German: gehügede; gehüchte

Old Dutch: *gihugd

⇒ Old Dutch: gihugdig

Old High German: gihugt

Middle High German: gehuct, gehuht


brunnō

brunnō (nominative singular)
brunnan (nominative plural)
brunnan (accusative singular)
brunnan (accusative plural)
brunnini (genitive singular)
brunnan (genitive singular)
brunnanō (genitive plural)
brunnini (dative singular)
brunnan (dative singular)
brunnum (dative plural)
brunnini (instrumental singular)
brunnan (instrumental singular)
brunnum (instrumental plural)

Old English: burna
Middle English: burne, bourne
English: bourn, burn
Scots: burn

Old Frisian: burna

West Frisian: bearne, boarne

Old Saxon: brunno, borno

Middle Low German: borne, born

Low German: Born

→ German: Born

Old Dutch: brunno
Middle Dutch: borne
Dutch: bron
Afrikaans: bron

Old High German: brunno
Middle High German: brunne
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: prunn
Mòcheno: prunn
Central Franconian:
Luxembourgish: Buer, Bur
Hunsrik: Brunne
German: Brunnen (Bronnen, Brunne, Bronne, Brunn)
Rhine Franconian: Brunne
Yiddish: ברונעם (brunem), ברונע (brune), ברונען (brunen)


stigōn

stigōn (infinitive)
stigōnijas (genitive infinitive)
stigōnijē (dative infinitive)
stigōniju (infinitive instrumental)
stigō (first-person present singular)
stigōdā (first-person past singular)
stigōs (present second-person singular)
stigōdēs (past second-person singular)
stigōdōs (past second-person singular)
stigōþ (present singular third-person)
stigōdē (past singular third-person)
stigōdā (past singular third-person)
stigōm (first-person plural present)
stigōdum (first-person past plural)
stigōþ (plural present second-person)
stigōdud (past plural second-person)
stigōnþ (plural present third-person)
stigōdun (past plural third-person)
stigōdī (first-person past singular)
stigōdī (past second-person singular)
stigō (present singular third-person)
stigōdī (past singular third-person)
stigōdīm (first-person past plural)
stigōdīd (past plural second-person)
stigōn (plural present third-person)
stigōdīn (past plural third-person)
stigō (present singular)
stigōþ (plural present)
stigōndī (participle present)
stigōd (participle past)

⇒ Old English: āstigian

Old High German: stegōn


wrīhan

wrīhan (infinitive)
wrīhannjas (genitive infinitive)
wrīhannjē (dative infinitive)
wrīhannju (infinitive instrumental)
wrīhu (first-person present singular)
wraih (first-person past singular)
wrīhiʀi (present second-person singular)
wrigī (past second-person singular)
wrīhidi (present singular third-person)
wraih (past singular third-person)
wrīhum (first-person plural present)
wrigum (first-person past plural)
wrīhid (plural present second-person)
wrigud (past plural second-person)
wrīhand (plural present third-person)
wrigun (past plural third-person)
wrīhē (first-person present singular)
wrigī (first-person past singular)
wrīhēs (present second-person singular)
wrīhē (present singular third-person)
wrigī (past singular third-person)
wrīhēm (first-person plural present)
wrigīm (first-person past plural)
wrīhēþ (plural present second-person)
wrigīd (past plural second-person)
wrīhēn (plural present third-person)
wrigīn (past plural third-person)
wrīh (present singular)
wrīhid (plural present)
wrīhandī (participle present)
wrigan (participle past)

Old English: wrēon (“to cover (up)”)
Middle English: wrihen, wreon, wrien, wryen
English: wry

Old Frisian: *wrīgia

desc

West Frisian: riuwe (“to bind with twine; to constrict”)

⇒ Old Frisian: wreigenge (“bedcover, duvet”)

⇒ Old Frisian: wrichte (“battle-garment”)

Old Saxon: *wrīgan, *wrīan

Middle Low German: rîgen, rîen

German Low German:

Altmärkisch: rîn

Low Prussian: rêgen

Westphalian:

Bentheimisch: rîgen

Dortmundisch, Sauerländisch: riggen

Sauerländisch: reyjen (Wenden)

East Westphalian: rüijen, rüigen, röjjen (Lippe), ruijjen (Ravensberg)

Westmünsterländisch: rijen

Old Dutch: *rīgan, *rīan

desctree

Middle Dutch: rîen (“to bind with twine”), rijenn, rîgen
Dutch: rijgen
Limburgish: riege

Old High German: rīhan, *rīgan

desc

Middle High German: rîhen, rîgen, rîhhen (“to pleat; to impale”)

German: reihen

Luxembourgish: reien

Presumably from Proto-Germanic *wrīhaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wreyḱ- (“to twist, weave, bind”).


lobōn

lobōn (infinitive)
lobōnijas (genitive infinitive)
lobōnijē (dative infinitive)
lobōniju (infinitive instrumental)
lobō (first-person present singular)
lobōdā (first-person past singular)
lobōs (present second-person singular)
lobōdēs (past second-person singular)
lobōdōs (past second-person singular)
lobōþ (present singular third-person)
lobōdē (past singular third-person)
lobōdā (past singular third-person)
lobōm (first-person plural present)
lobōdum (first-person past plural)
lobōþ (plural present second-person)
lobōdud (past plural second-person)
lobōnþ (plural present third-person)
lobōdun (past plural third-person)
lobōdī (first-person past singular)
lobōdī (past second-person singular)
lobō (present singular third-person)
lobōdī (past singular third-person)
lobōdīm (first-person past plural)
lobōdīd (past plural second-person)
lobōn (plural present third-person)
lobōdīn (past plural third-person)
lobō (present singular)
lobōþ (plural present)
lobōndī (participle present)
lobōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: lofian
Middle English: loven, love, lovon, lowe, lovien, luve, luvie, luvien (Early Middle English), lofenn (Ormulum)
English: lofe, loff, loave, love
Middle Scots: love
Scots: loave

Old Frisian: lovia

North Frisian: lowe

Saterland Frisian: loowje

West Frisian: lauwje, lauwgje; loovje (possibly from Dutch)

Old Saxon: lofōn, lovōn

Middle Low German: loven

German Low German: lowen (Westphalian), loäwen (Westphalian: Paderbornisch); loven

Old Dutch: lovon
Middle Dutch: lōven
Dutch: loven
Afrikaans: loof, lowe

Old High German: lobōn, lopōn

Middle High German: loben

German: loben

Hunsrik: love

Luxembourgish: luewen

Vilamovian: łöwa

Yiddish: לויבן (loybn)

From Proto-Germanic *lubōną. Equivalent to *lob + *-ōn.


þunēn

þunēn (infinitive)
þunēnijas (genitive infinitive)
þunēnijē (dative infinitive)
þunēniju (infinitive instrumental)
þunē (first-person present singular)
þun?dā (first-person past singular)
þunēs (present second-person singular)
þun?dēs (past second-person singular)
þunēþ (present singular third-person)
þun?dē (past singular third-person)
þun?dā (past singular third-person)
þunēm (first-person plural present)
þun?dum (first-person past plural)
þunēþ (plural present second-person)
þun?dud (past plural second-person)
þunēnþ (plural present third-person)
þun?dun (past plural third-person)
þun?dī (first-person past singular)
þun?dī (past second-person singular)
þunē (present singular third-person)
þun?dī (past singular third-person)
þun?dīm (first-person past plural)
þun?dīd (past plural second-person)
þunēn (plural present third-person)
þun?dīn (past plural third-person)
þunē (present singular)
þunēþ (plural present)
þunēndī (participle present)
þun?d (participle past)

Old English: þunian

Old High German: donēn


jār

jār (nominative singular)
jāru (nominative plural)
jār (accusative singular)
jāru (accusative plural)
jāras (genitive singular)
jārō (genitive plural)
jārē (dative singular)
jārum (dative plural)
jāru (instrumental singular)
jārum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġēar, ġǣr, ġēr — Anglian
Middle English: yeer, here, yere, ȝere
English: year
Jamaican Creole: ier
Tok Pisin: yia
→ Chuukese: ier
→ Japanese: イヤー (iyā)
→ Volapük: yel
Scots: year

Old Frisian: jēr, jār, iēr
North Frisian: juar, jäär, iir
Saterland Frisian: Jíer
West Frisian: jier

Old Saxon: jār, gēr
Middle Low German: jâr, jaer
German Low German: Jåhr, Jahr, Johr
Plautdietsch: Joa

Old Dutch: jār
Middle Dutch: jâer
Dutch: jaar
Afrikaans: jaar
Berbice Creole Dutch: jari
Jersey Dutch: jâr
Negerhollands: jaer, jaar, yer
→ Aukan: yali
→ Sranan Tongo: yari
→ Caribbean Javanese: yari
→ Saramaccan: jáa
Limburgish: jaor
West Flemish: joar
Zealandic: jaer, jaor

Old High German: jār
Middle High German: jār
Alemannic German: Jòòr, Jààr
Bavarian: Jåhr, Joar, Joa
Cimbrian: jaar, djar (Luserna)
Mòcheno: jor
Central Franconian: Johr
Hunsrik: Joher
Luxembourgish: Joer
German: Jahr
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Johr, Yaahr
Swabian: Joar, Johr
Sathmar Swabian: Johr
Vilamovian: jür
Yiddish: יאָר (yor)


stikōn

stikōn (infinitive)
stikōnijas (genitive infinitive)
stikōnijē (dative infinitive)
stikōniju (infinitive instrumental)
stikō (first-person present singular)
stikōdā (first-person past singular)
stikōs (present second-person singular)
stikōdēs (past second-person singular)
stikōdōs (past second-person singular)
stikōþ (present singular third-person)
stikōdē (past singular third-person)
stikōdā (past singular third-person)
stikōm (first-person plural present)
stikōdum (first-person past plural)
stikōþ (plural present second-person)
stikōdud (past plural second-person)
stikōnþ (plural present third-person)
stikōdun (past plural third-person)
stikōdī (first-person past singular)
stikōdī (past second-person singular)
stikō (present singular third-person)
stikōdī (past singular third-person)
stikōdīm (first-person past plural)
stikōdīd (past plural second-person)
stikōn (plural present third-person)
stikōdīn (past plural third-person)
stikō (present singular)
stikōþ (plural present)
stikōndī (participle present)
stikōd (participle past)

Old English: stician, stiocian — Kentish
English: stick

Old High German: stehhōn


golþ

golþ (nominative singular)
golþu (nominative plural)
golþ (accusative singular)
golþu (accusative plural)
golþas (genitive singular)
golþō (genitive plural)
golþē (dative singular)
golþum (dative plural)
golþu (instrumental singular)
golþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: gold
Middle English: gold
English: gold
Scots: gowd, goold

Old Frisian: gold, goud

Saterland Frisian: Gould

West Frisian: goud

Old Saxon: gold

Middle Low German: golt

German Low German: Gold

Plautdietsch: Golt

Old Dutch: golt, gold
Middle Dutch: gout
Dutch: goud
Afrikaans: goud
Berbice Creole Dutch: gautu
Negerhollands: gaut, goud, gout
Skepi Creole Dutch: gaut
→ Sranan Tongo: gowtu
→ Caribbean Javanese: gautu
→ Saramaccan: góútu
→ Trió: koutu
Limburgish: góldj

Old High German: gold

Middle High German: golt

Alemannic German: Gold

Bavarian: Goid, Golt

Cimbrian: gold, golt (Sette Comuni)

Mòcheno: golt

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Gold

Luxembourgish: Gold

East Central German:

Vilamovian: gułd

East Franconian:

German: Gold

Rhine Franconian: Gold

Frankfurterisch: [g̥olt]

Pennsylvania German: Gold

Yiddish: גאָלד (gold)


turb

turb (nominative singular)
turbi (nominative plural)
turbu (accusative singular)
turbi (accusative plural)
turbi (genitive singular)
torbō (genitive plural)
turbi (dative singular)
turbum (dative plural)
turbi (instrumental singular)
turbum (instrumental plural)

Old English: turf f
Middle English: turf, turfe, torf, tourfe
English: turf
Scots: turr, truff
Yola: thrive

Old Frisian: turf

>? Saterland Frisian: Toarks

West Frisian: turf (also possibly from Dutch)

Old Saxon: *torf, turf m

Middle Low German: torf m

German Low German: Torf

→ German: Torf
Polish: torf
Portuguese: turfa
Russian: торф (torf)
→ Abkhaz: а-то́рф (a-tʼórf)
→ Armenian: տորֆ (torf)
→ Azerbaijani: torf
→ Georgian: ტორფი (ṭorpi)
→ Ossetian: торф (torf)

→ Old French: torbe

French: tourbe

→ Italian: torba

Old Dutch: *torf, *turf

Middle Dutch: turf, torf m

Dutch: turf m

Afrikaans: turf

q

>? Old High German: zurft f (doubtful; singularily attested and phonetically irregular)


feþru

feþru (nominative singular)
feþrō (nominative plural)
feþrā (accusative singular)
feþrā (accusative plural)
feþrā (genitive singular)
feþrō (genitive plural)
feþrē (dative singular)
feþrōm (dative plural)
feþrum (dative plural)
feþru (instrumental singular)
feþrōm (instrumental plural)
feþrum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: feþer
Middle English: feþer, fether, fethere, fedder, veþer
English: feather
Scots: fedder
Yola: vethers (plural)

Old Frisian: fethere

Saterland Frisian: Feeder

West Frisian: fear

Old Saxon: fethara

Middle Low German: vēdere, vēder

German Low German: Feer

Low German: Fedder

Old Dutch: fethera

Middle Dutch: vedere

Dutch: veder, veer

Afrikaans: veer

Old High German: fedara
Middle High German: vëdere, vëder
Cimbrian: vèdara, bèdara (Mezzaselva)
German: Feder
Luxembourgish: Fieder
Vilamovian: faoder
Yiddish: פֿעדער (feder)
→ Italian: federa (“pillowcase”)
→ Venetian: fhédera
→ Cimbrian: fòdara


smikr

smikr (masculine nominative singular)
smikkru (feminine nominative singular)
smikr (neuter nominative singular)
smikkranā (accusative masculine singular)
smikkrā (accusative feminine singular)
smikr (accusative neuter singular)
smikkras (genitive masculine singular)
smikkreʀā (feminine genitive singular)
smikkras (genitive neuter singular)
smikkrumē (dative masculine singular)
smikkreʀē (dative feminine singular)
smikkrumē (dative neuter singular)
smikkru (instrumental masculine singular)
smikkreʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
smikkru (instrumental neuter singular)
smikkrē (masculine nominative plural)
smikkrō (feminine nominative plural)
smikkru (neuter nominative plural)
smikkrā (accusative masculine plural)
smikkrā (accusative feminine plural)
smikkru (accusative neuter plural)
smikkreʀō (genitive masculine plural)
smikkreʀō (feminine genitive plural)
smikkreʀō (genitive neuter plural)
smikkrēm (dative masculine plural)
smikkrum (dative masculine plural)
smikkrēm (dative feminine plural)
smikkrum (dative feminine plural)
smikkrēm (dative neuter plural)
smikkrum (dative neuter plural)
smikkrēm (instrumental masculine plural)
smikkrum (instrumental masculine plural)
smikkrēm (feminine instrumental plural)
smikkrum (feminine instrumental plural)
smikkrēm (instrumental neuter plural)
smikkrum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: smicor, smicer

Middle English: smiker

English: smicker

desc

Old High German: smehhar, smechar, *smekkar, *smeckar

Middle High German: smecker

→ Danish: smækker

→ Swedish: smäcker


folmu

folmu (nominative singular)
folmō (nominative plural)
folmā (accusative singular)
folmā (accusative plural)
folmā (genitive singular)
folmō (genitive plural)
folmē (dative singular)
folmōm (dative plural)
folmum (dative plural)
folmu (instrumental singular)
folmōm (instrumental plural)
folmum (instrumental plural)

Old English: folm, folme

Old Saxon: folm m (only attested as plural)

Old High German: folma


wunēn

wunēn (infinitive)
wunēnijas (genitive infinitive)
wunēnijē (dative infinitive)
wunēniju (infinitive instrumental)
wunē (first-person present singular)
wun?dā (first-person past singular)
wunēs (present second-person singular)
wun?dēs (past second-person singular)
wunēþ (present singular third-person)
wun?dē (past singular third-person)
wun?dā (past singular third-person)
wunēm (first-person plural present)
wun?dum (first-person past plural)
wunēþ (plural present second-person)
wun?dud (past plural second-person)
wunēnþ (plural present third-person)
wun?dun (past plural third-person)
wun?dī (first-person past singular)
wun?dī (past second-person singular)
wunē (present singular third-person)
wun?dī (past singular third-person)
wun?dīm (first-person past plural)
wun?dīd (past plural second-person)
wunēn (plural present third-person)
wun?dīn (past plural third-person)
wunē (present singular)
wunēþ (plural present)
wunēndī (participle present)
wun?d (participle past)

Old English: wunian

Middle English: wunien, wunen, wonen

English: won, wone

Scots: won, wone

Old Frisian: wunia, wonia, wenja

Saterland Frisian: woonje

West Frisian: wenje

Old Saxon: wunōn, wonōn, wonon

Middle Low German: wōnen

German Low German: wohnen

Low German: wanen

desctree

Old Dutch: wonon
Middle Dutch: wōnen
Dutch: wonen
Limburgish: woeane, wónne

Old High German: wonēn

Middle High German: wonen

German: wohnen

Hunsrik: wohne


hunag

hunag (nominative singular)
hunagu (nominative plural)
hunag (accusative singular)
hunagu (accusative plural)
hunagas (genitive singular)
hunagō (genitive plural)
hunagē (dative singular)
hunagum (dative plural)
hunagu (instrumental singular)
hunagum (instrumental plural)

Old English: huniġ
Middle English: hony
English: honey (see there for further descendants)
Scots: honey, hony, huny, hinny
Yola: henee, honi

Old Frisian: hunig, hunich

Saterland Frisian: Huunich

West Frisian: hunich

Old Saxon: huneg, honeg, haneg
Middle Low German: hōnich, honnich, hönich, höneg
German Low German: Hönnig
Plautdietsch: Honnich

Old Dutch: honag, honog

Middle Dutch: honech, honich, heunic

Dutch: honig (archaic)

Old High German: honag, honeg

Middle High German: honec, honic

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Honich

Luxembourgish: Hunneg

Cimbrian: huunig, hone (Luserna)

German: Honig

Rhine Franconian: Honich, Hunich

Frankfurterisch: [hoːniʃ]

Yiddish: האָניק (honik)


gulþīn

gulþīn (masculine nominative singular)
gulþīnu (feminine nominative singular)
gulþīn (neuter nominative singular)
gulþīnanā (accusative masculine singular)
gulþīnā (accusative feminine singular)
gulþīn (accusative neuter singular)
gulþīnas (genitive masculine singular)
gulþīneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
gulþīnas (genitive neuter singular)
gulþīnumē (dative masculine singular)
gulþīneʀē (dative feminine singular)
gulþīnumē (dative neuter singular)
gulþīnu (instrumental masculine singular)
gulþīneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
gulþīnu (instrumental neuter singular)
gulþīnē (masculine nominative plural)
gulþīnō (feminine nominative plural)
gulþīnu (neuter nominative plural)
gulþīnā (accusative masculine plural)
gulþīnā (accusative feminine plural)
gulþīnu (accusative neuter plural)
gulþīneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
gulþīneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
gulþīneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
gulþīnēm (dative masculine plural)
gulþīnum (dative masculine plural)
gulþīnēm (dative feminine plural)
gulþīnum (dative feminine plural)
gulþīnēm (dative neuter plural)
gulþīnum (dative neuter plural)
gulþīnēm (instrumental masculine plural)
gulþīnum (instrumental masculine plural)
gulþīnēm (feminine instrumental plural)
gulþīnum (feminine instrumental plural)
gulþīnēm (instrumental neuter plural)
gulþīnum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: gylden
Middle English: gilden, gylden
English: gilden (archaic), golden (after gold)

Old Frisian: gelden, golden, gulden

Saterland Frisian: goulden

West Frisian: gouden

Old Saxon: guldīn

Middle Low German:

Plautdietsch: golden

Old Dutch: guldīn

Middle Dutch: golden, gulden

Dutch: gouden, gulden

Afrikaans: goue, gulde

Old High German: guldīn

desc

Middle High German: guldīn, güldīn, gulden

Cimbrian: güllan

q

after <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">Gold</i>

German: gülden (archaic), golden (after Gold), Gulden (noun)

Luxembourgish: gëllen

From Proto-Germanic *gulþīnaz. Equivalent to *golþ (“gold”) + *-īn.


sūgan

sūgan (infinitive)
sūgannjas (genitive infinitive)
sūgannjē (dative infinitive)
sūgannju (infinitive instrumental)
sūgu (first-person present singular)
saug (first-person past singular)
sūgiʀi (present second-person singular)
sugī (past second-person singular)
sūgidi (present singular third-person)
saug (past singular third-person)
sūgum (first-person plural present)
sugum (first-person past plural)
sūgid (plural present second-person)
sugud (past plural second-person)
sūgand (plural present third-person)
sugun (past plural third-person)
sūgē (first-person present singular)
sugī (first-person past singular)
sūgēs (present second-person singular)
sūgē (present singular third-person)
sugī (past singular third-person)
sūgēm (first-person plural present)
sugīm (first-person past plural)
sūgēþ (plural present second-person)
sugīd (past plural second-person)
sūgēn (plural present third-person)
sugīn (past plural third-person)
sūg (present singular)
sūgid (plural present)
sūgandī (participle present)
sogan (participle past)

desctree

Old English: sūgan
Middle English: sugen (partially)

Old Frisian: *sūga

Saterland Frisian: suge

West Frisian: sûge

Old Saxon: sūgan
Middle Low German: sugen, sȫgen
Low German: sugen

Old Dutch: sūgan
Middle Dutch: sugen
Dutch: zuigen
Afrikaans: suig
Negerhollands: sug
→ Sranan Tongo: soygi
Limburgish: zuge

Old High German: sūgan

Middle High German: sūgen

Alemannic German: suuge

German: saugen

Luxembourgish: saugen

Yiddish: זויגן (zoygn)


swār

swār (masculine nominative singular)
swāru (feminine nominative singular)
swār (neuter nominative singular)
swāranā (accusative masculine singular)
swārā (accusative feminine singular)
swār (accusative neuter singular)
swāras (genitive masculine singular)
swāreʀā (feminine genitive singular)
swāras (genitive neuter singular)
swārumē (dative masculine singular)
swāreʀē (dative feminine singular)
swārumē (dative neuter singular)
swāru (instrumental masculine singular)
swāreʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
swāru (instrumental neuter singular)
swārē (masculine nominative plural)
swārō (feminine nominative plural)
swāru (neuter nominative plural)
swārā (accusative masculine plural)
swārā (accusative feminine plural)
swāru (accusative neuter plural)
swāreʀō (genitive masculine plural)
swāreʀō (feminine genitive plural)
swāreʀō (genitive neuter plural)
swārēm (dative masculine plural)
swārum (dative masculine plural)
swārēm (dative feminine plural)
swārum (dative feminine plural)
swārēm (dative neuter plural)
swārum (dative neuter plural)
swārēm (instrumental masculine plural)
swārum (instrumental masculine plural)
swārēm (feminine instrumental plural)
swārum (feminine instrumental plural)
swārēm (instrumental neuter plural)
swārum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: swǣr
Middle English: swere, swær, swar, sware, swer, suere
English: sweer, swear, sweir, swere
Scots: sweir, sweer, swere

Old Frisian: swēr, swēre

North Frisian: swier

Saterland Frisian: sweer

West Frisian: swier

Old Saxon: swār, swāri

Middle Low German: swâr

German Low German: swar, swaar, swor; swer

→ Danish: svar

Old Dutch: *swār

Middle Dutch: swâer
Dutch: zwaar
Afrikaans: swaar
Berbice Creole Dutch: swari
Negerhollands: swaar, swar
Limburgish: zwaor
Zealandic: zwaer

Old High German: swār
Middle High German: swær, swǣre, swār, swēre, swēr
Alemannic German:
Swabian: schwär
Bavarian: schwar
German: schwer
Luxembourgish: schwéier
Vilamovian: świer
Yiddish: שווער (shver)


folgēn

folgēn (infinitive)
folgēnijas (genitive infinitive)
folgēnijē (dative infinitive)
folgēniju (infinitive instrumental)
folgē (first-person present singular)
folg?dā (first-person past singular)
folgēs (present second-person singular)
folg?dēs (past second-person singular)
folgēþ (present singular third-person)
folg?dē (past singular third-person)
folg?dā (past singular third-person)
folgēm (first-person plural present)
folg?dum (first-person past plural)
folgēþ (plural present second-person)
folg?dud (past plural second-person)
folgēnþ (plural present third-person)
folg?dun (past plural third-person)
folg?dī (first-person past singular)
folg?dī (past second-person singular)
folgē (present singular third-person)
folg?dī (past singular third-person)
folg?dīm (first-person past plural)
folg?dīd (past plural second-person)
folgēn (plural present third-person)
folg?dīn (past plural third-person)
folgē (present singular)
folgēþ (plural present)
folgēndī (participle present)
folg?d (participle past)

Old English: folgian
Middle English: folwen
English: follow
Scots: follae, folȝe, folow, falow

Old Frisian: folgia, fulgia, folia
Saterland Frisian: foulgje
West Frisian: folgje

Old Saxon: folgon, fulgon
Middle Low German: volgen
German Low German: folgen

Old Dutch: folgon
Middle Dutch: volgen
Dutch: volgen
Afrikaans: volg
Negerhollands: volg, folok, folk
→ Saramaccan: flakka, faáka
Limburgish: vólge

Old High German: folgēn, folkēn
Middle High German: volgen
Alemannic German: folge
Bavarian: foign
Cimbrian: vòlgan, bòlgan (Mezzaselva)
Mòcheno: volng
German: folgen
Luxembourgish: follegen
Yiddish: פֿאָלגן (folgn)


slipr

slipr (masculine nominative singular)
slippru (feminine nominative singular)
slipr (neuter nominative singular)
slippranā (accusative masculine singular)
slipprā (accusative feminine singular)
slipr (accusative neuter singular)
slippras (genitive masculine singular)
slippreʀā (feminine genitive singular)
slippras (genitive neuter singular)
slipprumē (dative masculine singular)
slippreʀē (dative feminine singular)
slipprumē (dative neuter singular)
slippru (instrumental masculine singular)
slippreʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
slippru (instrumental neuter singular)
slipprē (masculine nominative plural)
slipprō (feminine nominative plural)
slippru (neuter nominative plural)
slipprā (accusative masculine plural)
slipprā (accusative feminine plural)
slippru (accusative neuter plural)
slippreʀō (genitive masculine plural)
slippreʀō (feminine genitive plural)
slippreʀō (genitive neuter plural)
slipprēm (dative masculine plural)
slipprum (dative masculine plural)
slipprēm (dative feminine plural)
slipprum (dative feminine plural)
slipprēm (dative neuter plural)
slipprum (dative neuter plural)
slipprēm (instrumental masculine plural)
slipprum (instrumental masculine plural)
slipprēm (feminine instrumental plural)
slipprum (feminine instrumental plural)
slipprēm (instrumental neuter plural)
slipprum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: slipor, sliper, slypor
Middle English: sliper, sluper, slipper
English: slipper
Scots: slipper, slippir, slippar, sloppare
⇒ Middle English: slipperie
English: slippery
Scots: slipperie

Old Frisian: *sliper

⇒ Old Frisian: *sliperich

Saterland Frisian: slipperch

Old Saxon: *slipar

Middle Low German: slipper

desc

⇒ Middle Low German: slipperich, slibberich

Old Dutch: *slipar

⇒ Middle Dutch: *slipperich, slibberich, slibbrich

Old High German: sleffar

⇒ Old High German: sleffarag

Middle High German: slipferic, slipferec

German: schlüpfrig


klibēn

klibēn (infinitive)
klibēnijas (genitive infinitive)
klibēnijē (dative infinitive)
klibēniju (infinitive instrumental)
klibē (first-person present singular)
klib?dā (first-person past singular)
klibēs (present second-person singular)
klib?dēs (past second-person singular)
klibēþ (present singular third-person)
klib?dē (past singular third-person)
klib?dā (past singular third-person)
klibēm (first-person plural present)
klib?dum (first-person past plural)
klibēþ (plural present second-person)
klib?dud (past plural second-person)
klibēnþ (plural present third-person)
klib?dun (past plural third-person)
klib?dī (first-person past singular)
klib?dī (past second-person singular)
klibē (present singular third-person)
klib?dī (past singular third-person)
klib?dīm (first-person past plural)
klib?dīd (past plural second-person)
klibēn (plural present third-person)
klib?dīn (past plural third-person)
klibē (present singular)
klibēþ (plural present)
klibēndī (participle present)
klib?d (participle past)

Old English: clifian, cleofian

Middle English: clivien, cleovien, clevien, cleven

English: cleave

Scots: cleve, cleif

Old Frisian: *klivia, *klevia

Saterland Frisian: klieuwje

West Frisian: kleevje, klibje

Old Saxon: klibōn, klivōn, *klevōn

Middle Low German: klēven

Low German: kliven

German Low German: kleven

Old Dutch: clivon

Middle Dutch: cleven

Dutch: kleven

Afrikaans: kleef, klewe

Old High German: klebēn, chlebēn; (Central German also) *klevōn (attested as clevōne, clivōda)

Middle High German: kleben

German: kleben

→ Danish: klæbe

→ Estonian: kleepima

→ Swedish: klibba

Luxembourgish: kliewen

Yiddish: קלעפּן (klepn), קלעבן (klebn)


sūpan

sūpan (infinitive)
sūpannjas (genitive infinitive)
sūpannjē (dative infinitive)
sūpannju (infinitive instrumental)
sūpu (first-person present singular)
saup (first-person past singular)
sūpiʀi (present second-person singular)
supī (past second-person singular)
sūpidi (present singular third-person)
saup (past singular third-person)
sūpum (first-person plural present)
supum (first-person past plural)
sūpid (plural present second-person)
supud (past plural second-person)
sūpand (plural present third-person)
supun (past plural third-person)
sūpē (first-person present singular)
supī (first-person past singular)
sūpēs (present second-person singular)
sūpē (present singular third-person)
supī (past singular third-person)
sūpēm (first-person plural present)
supīm (first-person past plural)
sūpēþ (plural present second-person)
supīd (past plural second-person)
sūpēn (plural present third-person)
supīn (past plural third-person)
sūp (present singular)
sūpid (plural present)
sūpandī (participle present)
sopan (participle past)

Old English: sūpan

Middle English: soupen

Scots: soup, sowp, sup

English: sup, soup

Old Frisian: *sūpa

Saterland Frisian: suupe

West Frisian: sûpe

Old Saxon: sūpan

desctree

Middle Low German: sūpen
German Low German: supen

Old Dutch: *sūpan
Middle Dutch: supen
Dutch: zuipen
Afrikaans: suip
→ Saramaccan: zoin
Limburgish: zoepe

Old High German: sūfan

Middle High German: sūfen

desc

Alemannic German: suufe, süfä (Formazza)

Central Franconian: suffe

Bavarian: saufn

German: saufen, süffeln

Hunsrik: saufe

Luxembourgish: saufen

Yiddish: זויפֿן (zoyfn)


flogattjan

flogattjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
flogattjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
flogattjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
flogattjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
flogattju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
flogattā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
flogatisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
flogattēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
flogattōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
flogatiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
flogattē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
flogattā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
flogattjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
flogattum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
flogatiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
flogattud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
flogattjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
flogattun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
flogattjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
flogattī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
flogattjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
flogattī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
flogattjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
flogattī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
flogattjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
flogattīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
flogattjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
flogattīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
flogattjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
flogattīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
flogati (class-1 present singular weak)
flogatiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
flogattjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
flogatt (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: flogettan

Old High German: flogezzen


laiþattjan

laiþattjan (infinitive)
laiþattjannjas (genitive infinitive)
laiþattjannjē (dative infinitive)
laiþattjannju (infinitive instrumental)
laiþattju (first-person present singular)
laiþattā (first-person past singular)
laiþatisi (present second-person singular)
laiþattēs (past second-person singular)
laiþattōs (past second-person singular)
laiþatiþi (present singular third-person)
laiþattē (past singular third-person)
laiþattā (past singular third-person)
laiþattjum (first-person plural present)
laiþattum (first-person past plural)
laiþatiþ (plural present second-person)
laiþattud (past plural second-person)
laiþattjanþ (plural present third-person)
laiþattun (past plural third-person)
laiþattjē (first-person present singular)
laiþattī (first-person past singular)
laiþattjēs (present second-person singular)
laiþattī (past second-person singular)
laiþattjē (present singular third-person)
laiþattī (past singular third-person)
laiþattjēm (first-person plural present)
laiþattīm (first-person past plural)
laiþattjēþ (plural present second-person)
laiþattīd (past plural second-person)
laiþattjēn (plural present third-person)
laiþattīn (past plural third-person)
laiþati (present singular)
laiþatiþ (plural present)
laiþattjandī (participle present)
laiþatt (participle past)

Old English: lāþettan

Old Saxon: *lēthitiōn

⇒ Old Saxon: ūtlēthitiōn

Old High German: leidezzen