grāu

grāu (masculine nominative singular)
grāu (feminine nominative singular)
grāu (neuter nominative singular)
grāwanā (accusative masculine singular)
grāwā (accusative feminine singular)
grāu (accusative neuter singular)
grāwas (genitive masculine singular)
grāweʀā (feminine genitive singular)
grāwas (genitive neuter singular)
grāumē (dative masculine singular)
grāweʀē (dative feminine singular)
grāumē (dative neuter singular)
grāu (instrumental masculine singular)
grāweʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
grāu (instrumental neuter singular)
grāwē (masculine nominative plural)
grāwō (feminine nominative plural)
grāu (neuter nominative plural)
grāwā (accusative masculine plural)
grāwā (accusative feminine plural)
grāu (accusative neuter plural)
grāweʀō (genitive masculine plural)
grāweʀō (feminine genitive plural)
grāweʀō (genitive neuter plural)
grāwēm (dative masculine plural)
grāum (dative masculine plural)
grāwēm (dative feminine plural)
grāum (dative feminine plural)
grāwēm (dative neuter plural)
grāum (dative neuter plural)
grāwēm (instrumental masculine plural)
grāum (instrumental masculine plural)
grāwēm (feminine instrumental plural)
grāum (feminine instrumental plural)
grāwēm (instrumental neuter plural)
grāum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: grǣġ, grēġ — Anglian
Middle English: grey
English: gray, grey
Scots: gray
Yola: gry

Old Frisian: grē

North Frisian:

Föhr, Wiedingharde: grä

Hallig: grai

Mooring: gra

Old Saxon: grāo
Middle Low German: grāu
Low German:
German Low German: grag, grau
Plautdietsch: greiw
→ West Frisian: grauw

Old Dutch: *grāo

Middle Dutch: grau

Dutch: grauw
Afrikaans: grou
Jersey Dutch: xrāuje, grô
Negerhollands: grou

Old High German: grāo
Middle High German: grā
Alemannic German: graaw
Bavarian: grau
Gottscheerish: grūb
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: grau
Luxembourgish: gro
East Central German:
Vilamovian: graoj
East Franconian:
German: grau
Rhine Franconian:
Frankfurterisch: IPA [kʀoː], (newer, from about 1925) [kʀau]
Pennsylvania German: gro
Yiddish: גראָ (gro), גרוי (groy)


leubalīk

leubalīk (masculine nominative singular)
leubalīku (feminine nominative singular)
leubalīk (neuter nominative singular)
leubalīkanā (accusative masculine singular)
leubalīkā (accusative feminine singular)
leubalīk (accusative neuter singular)
leubalīkas (genitive masculine singular)
leubalīkeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
leubalīkas (genitive neuter singular)
leubalīkumē (dative masculine singular)
leubalīkeʀē (dative feminine singular)
leubalīkumē (dative neuter singular)
leubalīku (instrumental masculine singular)
leubalīkeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
leubalīku (instrumental neuter singular)
leubalīkē (masculine nominative plural)
leubalīkō (feminine nominative plural)
leubalīku (neuter nominative plural)
leubalīkā (accusative masculine plural)
leubalīkā (accusative feminine plural)
leubalīku (accusative neuter plural)
leubalīkeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
leubalīkeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
leubalīkeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
leubalīkēm (dative masculine plural)
leubalīkum (dative masculine plural)
leubalīkēm (dative feminine plural)
leubalīkum (dative feminine plural)
leubalīkēm (dative neuter plural)
leubalīkum (dative neuter plural)
leubalīkēm (instrumental masculine plural)
leubalīkum (instrumental masculine plural)
leubalīkēm (feminine instrumental plural)
leubalīkum (feminine instrumental plural)
leubalīkēm (instrumental neuter plural)
leubalīkum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: lēoflīc
Middle English: leoflich, leflich, lefly
English: liefly

Old Frisian: *liāflik

West Frisian: leaflik

Old Saxon: *lioflīk

Middle Low German: lêflīk, lêvelīk

German Low German: levelk

→ Saterland Frisian: läifelk

Old Dutch: *lieflīc

Middle Dutch: lieflijc

Dutch: lieflijk

Afrikaans: lieflik

Old High German: *lioblīh

Middle High German: lieplich

German: lieblich

From Proto-Germanic *leubalīkaz. Equivalent to *leub + *-līk.


leub

leub (masculine nominative singular)
leubu (feminine nominative singular)
leub (neuter nominative singular)
leubanā (accusative masculine singular)
leubā (accusative feminine singular)
leub (accusative neuter singular)
leubas (genitive masculine singular)
leubeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
leubas (genitive neuter singular)
leubumē (dative masculine singular)
leubeʀē (dative feminine singular)
leubumē (dative neuter singular)
leubu (instrumental masculine singular)
leubeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
leubu (instrumental neuter singular)
leubē (masculine nominative plural)
leubō (feminine nominative plural)
leubu (neuter nominative plural)
leubā (accusative masculine plural)
leubā (accusative feminine plural)
leubu (accusative neuter plural)
leubeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
leubeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
leubeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
leubēm (dative masculine plural)
leubum (dative masculine plural)
leubēm (dative feminine plural)
leubum (dative feminine plural)
leubēm (dative neuter plural)
leubum (dative neuter plural)
leubēm (instrumental masculine plural)
leubum (instrumental masculine plural)
leubēm (feminine instrumental plural)
leubum (feminine instrumental plural)
leubēm (instrumental neuter plural)
leubum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: lēof, leaf, līof
Middle English: lef, leve, lefe, leffe, life, live, luf (Southern or West Midlands)
English: lief; ⇒ livelong
Scots: lief, lee
⇒ Yola: liveer

Old Frisian: liāf, liēf
Saterland Frisian: ljoof, ljo
West Frisian: leaf

Old Saxon: liof
Middle Low German: lief, lêf
German Low German: leev, leiw
Plautdietsch: leef

Old Dutch: *liof

Middle Dutch: lief
Dutch: lief
Limburgish: leef

Old High German: liob, liub, liup; *liof, lief (northern)

Middle High German: liep; lief (north-western)

Alemannic German: lieb

Bavarian: liab

Central Franconian: leev, liev

East Central German: lieb

German: lieb

Luxembourgish: léif

Yiddish: ליב (lib)


kumī

kumī (nominative singular)
kumīn (accusative singular)
kumīn (genitive singular)
kumīn (dative singular)
kumīn (instrumental singular)

Old Saxon: *kumi

Middle Low German: köme, kāme

Old High German: kumi

desc

Middle High German: kume, küme, kumme, kumich, kümich

German: Kümmich

⇒ Cimbrian: khumazamo

Alternative form of *kumīn (“caraway, cumin”)


kumil

kumil (nominative singular)
kumilō (nominative plural)
kumilōs (nominative plural)
kumil (accusative singular)
kumilā (accusative plural)
kumilas (genitive singular)
kumilō (genitive plural)
kumilē (dative singular)
kumilum (dative plural)
kumilu (instrumental singular)
kumilum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *kumil

Middle Low German: kȫmel, kömmel

Low German: Kömel

Old High German: kumil

Middle High German: kumel, kümel

desctree

German: Kümmel, Kümm, Kümmich (obsolete)
→ Luxembourgish: Kümmel, Kimmel
→ Dutch: kummel
→ English: Kimmel
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: кимељ
Latin script: kimelj
→ Slovene: kímelj
→ Lower Sorbian: kimjel
→ Upper Sorbian: kimjelčka


erþōhnut

erþōhnut (nominative singular)
erþōhnuti (nominative plural)
erþōhnutu (accusative singular)
erþōhnuti (accusative plural)
erþōhnuti (genitive singular)
erþōhnutō (genitive plural)
erþōhnuti (dative singular)
erþōhnutum (dative plural)
erþōhnuti (instrumental singular)
erþōhnutum (instrumental plural)

Old English: eorþhnutu
Middle English: erthenote
English: earthnut

Old Dutch: *erdnutu

Middle Dutch: erdnōte

Dutch: aardnoot

Old High German: erdnuz

Middle High German: ertnuz

German: Erdnuss

desc

→ Old French: grenote, giernote, giernote

Bourguignon: arnotte

French: erneute

→ French: terrenoix (calque)

Norman: gêrnotte, gernotte, gêunote

Poitevin-Saintongeais: abrenote

From Proto-Germanic *erþōhnuts. Equivalent to *erþu (“earth”) + *hnut (“nut”).


kumīn

kumīn (nominative singular)
kumīnu (nominative plural)
kumīn (accusative singular)
kumīnu (accusative plural)
kumīnas (genitive singular)
kumīnō (genitive plural)
kumīnē (dative singular)
kumīnum (dative plural)
kumīnu (instrumental singular)
kumīnum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: cymen m or n, cumin
Middle English: comyn, cummyng, comyng, comyne, cumyn, cymin
English: cumin

Old Saxon: kumīn, kumin

desc

Middle Low German: kōmīn, kȫmen, kömmen, commyn, kāmīn, kamīn

→ Danish: kommen

→ Old Swedish: kumin

Swedish: kummin

→ Finnish: kumina

Old Dutch: *kumīn

Middle Dutch: comijn, camijn, comin

desctree

Dutch: komijn
Afrikaans: komyn
Negerhollands: komin

Old High German: kumīn, kumin

Middle High German: kumin

Alemannic German: Chümmi

German: Kümm

→ Macedonian: ким (kim)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ким

Latin script: kim

→ Hungarian: kömény

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кимијен

Latin script: kimijen

→ Polish: kmin

→ Ukrainian: кмин (kmyn), тмин (tmyn), dialectally also кмін (kmin), тмін (tmin), тьмин (tʹmyn), кмінь (kminʹ), кмон (kmon), кмень (kmenʹ), кмен (kmen), цмин (cmyn), цмін (cmin), цьмин (cʹmyn), чмінь (čminʹ), хмін (xmin)

→ Czech: kmín

desc

→ Russian: тмин (tmin), кмин (kmin), кими́н (kimín), тимо́н (timón) — obsolete, тминъ (tmin), кминъ (kmin), кими́нъ (kimín), тимо́нъ (timón) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

→ Slovak: kmín


brāmilabaʀi

brāmilabaʀi (nominative singular)
brāmilabaʀju (nominative plural)
brāmilabaʀi (accusative singular)
brāmilabaʀju (accusative plural)
brāmilabaʀjas (genitive singular)
brāmilabaʀjō (genitive plural)
brāmilabaʀjē (dative singular)
brāmilabaʀjum (dative plural)
brāmilabaʀju (instrumental singular)
brāmilabaʀjum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: brǣmelberġe, brǣmelberie, brēmelberiġe
Middle English: brymbyll bery
English: brambleberry

Old Saxon: *brāmalberi

desc

Middle Low German: brummelbēre, brummelbere

German Low German:

Low Prussian: Brommelbeere

Westphalian:

Westmünsterländisch: Brümmelbääse, Brömmelbääse, Brömmelbeer, Brömmelbeere

From *brāmil (“bramble”) + *baʀi (“berry”).

(North Sea Germanic) blackberry, brambleberry


rādik

rādik (nominative singular)
rādikō (nominative plural)
rādikōs (nominative plural)
rādik (accusative singular)
rādikā (accusative plural)
rādikas (genitive singular)
rādikō (genitive plural)
rādikē (dative singular)
rādikum (dative plural)
rādiku (instrumental singular)
rādikum (instrumental plural)

Old English: rǣdiċ, rediċ

desctree

Middle English: radiche, radishe, redich, raddik, radike, redic, radisshe, radische, radik, radysche, radish
English: radish, raddish (obsolete)
→? Malay: rades
→ Maori: rātihi
Scots: raidish
→? Irish: raidis

Old Saxon: rādik, redik

desc

Middle Low German: râdik, rêdik, rēdik, reddik

German Low German: Reddig

→ Danish: ræddike

→? Faroese: redikur

→? Lithuanian: ridikas

→ Norwegian: reddik

→ Swedish: rättika
→ Finnish: retikka

Old Dutch: *rādik, *redik

Middle Dutch: râdic, rēdic

desctree

Old High German: rātih
Middle High German: rætich, retich; rædich, redich
Alemannic German: Räätrich
Central Franconian: Rädich, Reddich, Redich, Riedich
German: Rettich
Yiddish: רעטעך (retekh)

→ Proto-Slavic: *redьky (see there for further descendants)


arfō

arfō (nominative singular)
arfan (nominative plural)
arfan (accusative singular)
arfan (accusative plural)
arfini (genitive singular)
arfan (genitive singular)
arfanō (genitive plural)
arfini (dative singular)
arfan (dative singular)
arfum (dative plural)
arfini (instrumental singular)
arfan (instrumental singular)
arfum (instrumental plural)

Old English: earfan pl

Old Frisian: *arfa

Saterland Frisian: arf, arve

Old Saxon: *arfo

Middle Low German: *arfe

German Low German: Arf

→? Old Norse: arfi, ᛅᚱᚠᛁ (arfi) — nominative singular, ᛅᚱᚠᛅ (arfa) — dative/accusative/genitive singular, ᛅᚱᚠᛅᛦ (arfaʀ), ᛆᚱᚠᛆᛦ (arfaʀ), ᛅᚱᚠᛅᚱ (arfar) — nominative plural
Icelandic: arfi
Faroese: arvi
Norwegian: arve
Old Swedish: arve
Swedish: arv (dialectal)
Danish: arve

Old Dutch: *arfo

Middle Dutch: *erfe

Dutch: erf

Uncertain; possibly inherited from Proto-Germanic *arfô, or borrowed from Latin ervum.


dokkā

dokkā (nominative singular)
dokkōn (nominative plural)
dokkōn (accusative singular)
dokkōn (accusative plural)
dokkōn (genitive singular)
dokkōnō (genitive plural)
dokkōn (dative singular)
dokkōm (dative plural)
dokkum (dative plural)
dokkōn (instrumental singular)
dokkōm (instrumental plural)
dokkum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *docce

gl

merger with Old Norse <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">*dokkr</i>

Middle English: *dokke, dok (merger with Old Norse *dokkr)

English: dock

Scots: dok

desc

⇒? Old English: docga (“stocky breed of dog”) (see there for descendants)

⇒ Old English: fingerdocce

Old Frisian: *dokke

Saterland Frisian: Dokke

West Frisian: dok

Old Saxon: dokka

Middle Low German: docke

German Low German: Docke, Dock

Old Dutch: *dokka

Middle Dutch: docke

Dutch: dok

Old High German: tokka, tocka

Middle High German: tocke

German: Docke


dokkā

Old English: docce

desctree

Middle English: dokke, docke, dok, doke, dokk
English: dock

Old Saxon: dokka

Middle Low German: docke

→ Old Danish: dokke

Old Dutch: *docka

Middle Dutch: docke

Dutch: dokke

Old High German: tocka

Middle High German: tocke

German: Docke

Unknown. Perhaps a specialised use of Etymology 1 above, or from Proto-Indo-European *dʰew- (“dark”).


þarbēn

þarbēn (infinitive)
þarbēnijas (genitive infinitive)
þarbēnijē (dative infinitive)
þarbēniju (infinitive instrumental)
þarbē (first-person present singular)
þarb?dā (first-person past singular)
þarbēs (present second-person singular)
þarb?dēs (past second-person singular)
þarbēþ (present singular third-person)
þarb?dē (past singular third-person)
þarb?dā (past singular third-person)
þarbēm (first-person plural present)
þarb?dum (first-person past plural)
þarbēþ (plural present second-person)
þarb?dud (past plural second-person)
þarbēnþ (plural present third-person)
þarb?dun (past plural third-person)
þarb?dī (first-person past singular)
þarb?dī (past second-person singular)
þarbē (present singular third-person)
þarb?dī (past singular third-person)
þarb?dīm (first-person past plural)
þarb?dīd (past plural second-person)
þarbēn (plural present third-person)
þarb?dīn (past plural third-person)
þarbē (present singular)
þarbēþ (plural present)
þarbēndī (participle present)
þarb?d (participle past)

Old English: þearfian

Old Saxon: tharvōn, tharbōn

Middle Low German: darven

Old Dutch: tharvon
Middle Dutch: darven
Dutch: derven
Afrikaans: derf, derwe

Old High German: darbēn, darbōn

Middle High German: darben

German: darben

From Proto-Germanic *þarbāną. Equivalent to *þarbu (“need”) + *-ēn.


warmēn

warmēn (infinitive)
warmēnijas (genitive infinitive)
warmēnijē (dative infinitive)
warmēniju (infinitive instrumental)
warmē (first-person present singular)
warm?dā (first-person past singular)
warmēs (present second-person singular)
warm?dēs (past second-person singular)
warmēþ (present singular third-person)
warm?dē (past singular third-person)
warm?dā (past singular third-person)
warmēm (first-person plural present)
warm?dum (first-person past plural)
warmēþ (plural present second-person)
warm?dud (past plural second-person)
warmēnþ (plural present third-person)
warm?dun (past plural third-person)
warm?dī (first-person past singular)
warm?dī (past second-person singular)
warmē (present singular third-person)
warm?dī (past singular third-person)
warm?dīm (first-person past plural)
warm?dīd (past plural second-person)
warmēn (plural present third-person)
warm?dīn (past plural third-person)
warmē (present singular)
warmēþ (plural present)
warmēndī (participle present)
warm?d (participle past)

Old English: wearmian

Middle English: warmen

English: warm

Old Frisian: *warmia

⇒ Old Frisian: forwarmia

Old Saxon: *warmōn

Middle Low German: warmen

Old Dutch: *warmon
Middle Dutch: warmen, wermen
Dutch: warmen

Old High German: warmēn

Middle High German: warmen


haʀu

haʀu (nominative singular)
haʀwō (nominative plural)
haʀwōs (nominative plural)
haʀu (accusative singular)
haʀwā (accusative plural)
haʀwas (genitive singular)
haʀwō (genitive plural)
haʀwē (dative singular)
haʀum (dative plural)
haʀu (instrumental singular)
haʀum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: har, her

Saterland Frisian: Harrel

Old Saxon: *har (in harluf)

⇒ Middle Low German: harle, herle

Low German: harle

→ English: harl

→ Scots: harle, harl

Old High German: har; haro

Middle High German: har

German: Haar


waiʀdīn

waiʀdīn (masculine nominative singular)
waiʀdīnu (feminine nominative singular)
waiʀdīn (neuter nominative singular)
waiʀdīnanā (accusative masculine singular)
waiʀdīnā (accusative feminine singular)
waiʀdīn (accusative neuter singular)
waiʀdīnas (genitive masculine singular)
waiʀdīneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
waiʀdīnas (genitive neuter singular)
waiʀdīnumē (dative masculine singular)
waiʀdīneʀē (dative feminine singular)
waiʀdīnumē (dative neuter singular)
waiʀdīnu (instrumental masculine singular)
waiʀdīneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
waiʀdīnu (instrumental neuter singular)
waiʀdīnē (masculine nominative plural)
waiʀdīnō (feminine nominative plural)
waiʀdīnu (neuter nominative plural)
waiʀdīnā (accusative masculine plural)
waiʀdīnā (accusative feminine plural)
waiʀdīnu (accusative neuter plural)
waiʀdīneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
waiʀdīneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
waiʀdīneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
waiʀdīnēm (dative masculine plural)
waiʀdīnum (dative masculine plural)
waiʀdīnēm (dative feminine plural)
waiʀdīnum (dative feminine plural)
waiʀdīnēm (dative neuter plural)
waiʀdīnum (dative neuter plural)
waiʀdīnēm (instrumental masculine plural)
waiʀdīnum (instrumental masculine plural)
waiʀdīnēm (feminine instrumental plural)
waiʀdīnum (feminine instrumental plural)
waiʀdīnēm (instrumental neuter plural)
waiʀdīnum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: wǣden

English: woaden (archaic)

Old Frisian: weden

Old Saxon: *wēdīn

Middle Low German: wêden

Old High German: weitīn

Middle High German: weitīn


nahtēn

nahtēn (infinitive)
nahtēnijas (genitive infinitive)
nahtēnijē (dative infinitive)
nahtēniju (infinitive instrumental)
nahtē (first-person present singular)
naht?dā (first-person past singular)
nahtēs (present second-person singular)
naht?dēs (past second-person singular)
nahtēþ (present singular third-person)
naht?dē (past singular third-person)
naht?dā (past singular third-person)
nahtēm (first-person plural present)
naht?dum (first-person past plural)
nahtēþ (plural present second-person)
naht?dud (past plural second-person)
nahtēnþ (plural present third-person)
naht?dun (past plural third-person)
naht?dī (first-person past singular)
naht?dī (past second-person singular)
nahtē (present singular third-person)
naht?dī (past singular third-person)
naht?dīm (first-person past plural)
naht?dīd (past plural second-person)
nahtēn (plural present third-person)
naht?dīn (past plural third-person)
nahtē (present singular)
nahtēþ (plural present)
nahtēndī (participle present)
naht?d (participle past)

Old English: nihtian

Middle English: nighten

Old Dutch: *nahton

Middle Dutch: *nachten

q

Dutch: nachten (scarcely attested in early modern Dutch)

Old High German: nahtēn

Middle High German: nachten

German: nachten

From Proto-Germanic *nahtāną. Equivalent to *naht (“night”) + *-ēn.


ubirnahtēn

ubirnahtēn (infinitive)
ubirnahtēnijas (genitive infinitive)
ubirnahtēnijē (dative infinitive)
ubirnahtēniju (infinitive instrumental)
ubirnahtē (first-person present singular)
ubirnaht?dā (first-person past singular)
ubirnahtēs (present second-person singular)
ubirnaht?dēs (past second-person singular)
ubirnahtēþ (present singular third-person)
ubirnaht?dē (past singular third-person)
ubirnaht?dā (past singular third-person)
ubirnahtēm (first-person plural present)
ubirnaht?dum (first-person past plural)
ubirnahtēþ (plural present second-person)
ubirnaht?dud (past plural second-person)
ubirnahtēnþ (plural present third-person)
ubirnaht?dun (past plural third-person)
ubirnaht?dī (first-person past singular)
ubirnaht?dī (past second-person singular)
ubirnahtē (present singular third-person)
ubirnaht?dī (past singular third-person)
ubirnaht?dīm (first-person past plural)
ubirnaht?dīd (past plural second-person)
ubirnahtēn (plural present third-person)
ubirnaht?dīn (past plural third-person)
ubirnahtē (present singular)
ubirnahtēþ (plural present)
ubirnahtēndī (participle present)
ubirnaht?d (participle past)

Old Frisian: *overnahtia

West Frisian: oernachtsje

Old Saxon: *ovarnahton

Middle Low German: övernachten

→ Danish: overnatte

→ Swedish: övernatta

→ Norwegian:

→ Norwegian Bokmål: overnatte

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: overnatte, overnatta

Old Dutch: *ovirnahton ~ *overnahton

Middle Dutch: overnachten

Dutch: overnachten

Old High German: ubarnahtēn

Middle High German: übernachten

German: übernachten


seukēn

seukēn (infinitive)
seukēnijas (genitive infinitive)
seukēnijē (dative infinitive)
seukēniju (infinitive instrumental)
seukē (first-person present singular)
seuk?dā (first-person past singular)
seukēs (present second-person singular)
seuk?dēs (past second-person singular)
seukēþ (present singular third-person)
seuk?dē (past singular third-person)
seuk?dā (past singular third-person)
seukēm (first-person plural present)
seuk?dum (first-person past plural)
seukēþ (plural present second-person)
seuk?dud (past plural second-person)
seukēnþ (plural present third-person)
seuk?dun (past plural third-person)
seuk?dī (first-person past singular)
seuk?dī (past second-person singular)
seukē (present singular third-person)
seuk?dī (past singular third-person)
seuk?dīm (first-person past plural)
seuk?dīd (past plural second-person)
seukēn (plural present third-person)
seuk?dīn (past plural third-person)
seukē (present singular)
seukēþ (plural present)
seukēndī (participle present)
seuk?d (participle past)

Old English: sēocian

Middle English: siken

Old Saxon: *siokōn

Middle Low German: sēken

desctree

Old Dutch: siecon
Middle Dutch: sieken
Dutch: zieken

Old High German: siohhēn

Middle High German: siechen

German: siechen


taubrōn

taubrōn (infinitive)
taubrōnijas (genitive infinitive)
taubrōnijē (dative infinitive)
taubrōniju (infinitive instrumental)
taubrō (first-person present singular)
taubrōdā (first-person past singular)
taubrōs (present second-person singular)
taubrōdēs (past second-person singular)
taubrōdōs (past second-person singular)
taubrōþ (present singular third-person)
taubrōdē (past singular third-person)
taubrōdā (past singular third-person)
taubrōm (first-person plural present)
taubrōdum (first-person past plural)
taubrōþ (plural present second-person)
taubrōdud (past plural second-person)
taubrōnþ (plural present third-person)
taubrōdun (past plural third-person)
taubrōdī (first-person past singular)
taubrōdī (past second-person singular)
taubrō (present singular third-person)
taubrōdī (past singular third-person)
taubrōdīm (first-person past plural)
taubrōdīd (past plural second-person)
taubrōn (plural present third-person)
taubrōdīn (past plural third-person)
taubrō (present singular)
taubrōþ (plural present)
taubrōndī (participle present)
taubrōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: tāveria

West Frisian: thauwerje

Old Saxon: *tōvarōn

Middle Low German: tôveren

German Low German: tovern, tövern

Old Dutch: *tōvaron

Middle Dutch: tôveren
Dutch: toveren
Afrikaans: toor
Negerhollands: tover
→ Saramaccan: tófu
→ West Frisian: toverje
Limburgish: touvere

Old High German: zoubarōn

Middle High German: zoubern

German: zaubern

→ Luxembourgish: zauberen


hūsalauk

hūsalauk (nominative singular)
hūsalaukō (nominative plural)
hūsalaukōs (nominative plural)
hūsalauk (accusative singular)
hūsalaukā (accusative plural)
hūsalaukas (genitive singular)
hūsalaukō (genitive plural)
hūsalaukē (dative singular)
hūsalaukum (dative plural)
hūsalauku (instrumental singular)
hūsalaukum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *hūslēac

Middle English: houslek, houseleke, howsleek, howsleke, husseleck
English: houseleek

Old Frisian: *hūslāk

Saterland Frisian: Húuslook (“chive”)

desc

West Frisian: húslok, húslak, húslek, húskelak

Old Saxon: *hūslōk

Middle Low German: hûslôk, hûsloeck

German Low German:

Altmärkisch: Huslook

Westphalian: Huusloog

→ Old Norse: húslaukr (calque)

Swedish: huslök

Danish: husløg

Old Dutch: *hūslōk

Middle Dutch: hûslôk

Dutch: huislook

Old High German: hūslouh

Middle High German: hūseslouch

German: Hauslauch


krūci

desctree

Old English: crūċ
Middle English: crouche, cruche
English: crouch

Old Saxon: krūci, krūzi
Middle Low German: krü̂ze, kruze, krûce, cruece, kruse, cruese, crusse, cryce, crü̂ce, krutze, krü̂z, krus, crues, cruyts
Dutch Low Saxon: kruus
German Low German: Krüüz, Krüz, Kriiz
Plautdietsch: Kjriez
→ Danish: kryds
→ Norwegian: kryss
→ Swedish: kryss
→ Old Frisian: kriōce, kriōse, krūs
Saterland Frisian: Krüüs
West Frisian: krús

Old Dutch: *krūci
Middle Dutch: crûce, crûs
Dutch: kruis
Afrikaans: kruis
Negerhollands: kroes, cruis, krus
→ Caribbean Javanese: krèis
→ Indonesian: kres
Limburgish: kruutse
West Flemish: kruus

Old High German: krūzi
Middle High German: kriuze, kriuz, krūze, krūz, chrouze
Alemannic German: Chrüüz
Bavarian: Kreiz
Central Franconian: Krütz, Kröx (eastern Ripuarian), Kreiz (Moselle Franconian)
Hunsrik: Kreiz
Luxembourgish: Kräiz
Cimbrian: khròitze
East Central German: Greiz, Greize, Kreiz
Vilamovian: krojc
German: Kreuz
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Greiz

Borrowed from Latin crux ~ crūcis (“cross”).


losōn

losōn (infinitive)
losōnijas (genitive infinitive)
losōnijē (dative infinitive)
losōniju (infinitive instrumental)
losō (first-person present singular)
losōdā (first-person past singular)
losōs (present second-person singular)
losōdēs (past second-person singular)
losōdōs (past second-person singular)
losōþ (present singular third-person)
losōdē (past singular third-person)
losōdā (past singular third-person)
losōm (first-person plural present)
losōdum (first-person past plural)
losōþ (plural present second-person)
losōdud (past plural second-person)
losōnþ (plural present third-person)
losōdun (past plural third-person)
losōdī (first-person past singular)
losōdī (past second-person singular)
losō (present singular third-person)
losōdī (past singular third-person)
losōdīm (first-person past plural)
losōdīd (past plural second-person)
losōn (plural present third-person)
losōdīn (past plural third-person)
losō (present singular)
losōþ (plural present)
losōndī (participle present)
losōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *losōn

Middle Low German: lossen, lössen (backformed to the adjective)

→ German: löschen

Old Dutch: *loson

Middle Dutch: lōsen, lossen (backformed to the adjective)

Dutch: lossen

From Proto-Germanic *lusōną, equivalent to *los (“loose, free”) + *-ōn.


blōmō

blōmō (nominative singular)
blōman (nominative plural)
blōman (accusative singular)
blōman (accusative plural)
blōmini (genitive singular)
blōman (genitive singular)
blōmanō (genitive plural)
blōmini (dative singular)
blōman (dative singular)
blōmum (dative plural)
blōmini (instrumental singular)
blōman (instrumental singular)
blōmum (instrumental plural)

Old English: blōma
Middle English: blome
English: bloom

Old Frisian: blōma; *blōme f

Saterland Frisian: Bloume

West Frisian: blom, blomme

Old Saxon: blōmo; *blōma

Middle Low German: blōme

Dutch Low Saxon: bloom, bloeme

German Low German: Bloom

Plautdietsch: Bloom

Old Dutch: *bluomo; *bluoma, bluome

Middle Dutch: bloeme, blume, blome, bloem, bloom, blomme, blom
Dutch: bloem
Afrikaans: bloem, blom
Negerhollands: bloem
→ Virgin Islands Creole: bluminstji (dated, from a diminutive form)
→ Sranan Tongo: blon (flour)
→ Aukan: bolon
→ Kari'na: polimin
→ Saramaccan: boón
→ Sranan Tongo: bromki (flower)
Aukan: boomiki
→ Kari'na: poromiki
Limburgish: bloom
West Flemish: blomme
Zealandic: blomme

Old High German: bluomo, bluoma
Middle High German: bluome
Bavarian: Blama, Bleame, Bleaml, Bloama, Bluma
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Blumm
Kölsch: Bloom
Luxembourgish: Blumm
East Central German:
East Franconian:
German: Blume
Rhine Franconian: Blum, Blumm
Frankfurterisch: [plum]
Pennsylvania German: Blumm
Yiddish: בלום (blum)

From Proto-Germanic *blōmô; equivalent to *blōan + *-mō.


bannōn

bannōn (infinitive)
bannōnijas (genitive infinitive)
bannōnijē (dative infinitive)
bannōniju (infinitive instrumental)
bannō (first-person present singular)
bannōdā (first-person past singular)
bannōs (present second-person singular)
bannōdēs (past second-person singular)
bannōdōs (past second-person singular)
bannōþ (present singular third-person)
bannōdē (past singular third-person)
bannōdā (past singular third-person)
bannōm (first-person plural present)
bannōdum (first-person past plural)
bannōþ (plural present second-person)
bannōdud (past plural second-person)
bannōnþ (plural present third-person)
bannōdun (past plural third-person)
bannōdī (first-person past singular)
bannōdī (past second-person singular)
bannō (present singular third-person)
bannōdī (past singular third-person)
bannōdīm (first-person past plural)
bannōdīd (past plural second-person)
bannōn (plural present third-person)
bannōdīn (past plural third-person)
bannō (present singular)
bannōþ (plural present)
bannōndī (participle present)
bannōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: bannia

Old Dutch: bannon

Old High German: bannōn

From Proto-Germanic *bannōną, equivalent to *bann (“order, ban”) + *-ōn.


unciju

unciju (nominative singular)
uncijō (nominative plural)
uncijā (accusative singular)
uncijā (accusative plural)
uncijā (genitive singular)
uncijō (genitive plural)
uncijē (dative singular)
uncijōm (dative plural)
uncijum (dative plural)
unciju (instrumental singular)
uncijōm (instrumental plural)
uncijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ynċe m, yndse, yntse f

Middle English: ynche, ench, enche, inch, inche, neynche, ninche, unch, unche, ynch
English: inch (see there for further descendants)
Scots: inch

Old Frisian: enze, ense, einse

West Frisian: ûns

Old Saxon: *uncia, *unzia

Middle Low German: unse, unze, untze

German Low German: Oons, Oos

Old Dutch: *unca

desc

Middle Dutch: once, onse, unce, unse, unx

Dutch: ons

Old High German: unza

Middle High German: unze, unz

German: Unze

Yiddish: אונץ (unts)

From Latin uncia. Parallel borrowing with Old Norse unzia, Gothic 𐌿𐌽𐌺𐌾𐌰 (unkja).


fralaidijan

fralaidijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
fralaidijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
fralaidijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
fralaidijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
fralaidiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fralaididā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fralaidisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fralaididēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fralaididōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fralaidiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fralaididē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fralaididā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fralaidijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fralaididum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fralaidiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fralaididud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fralaidijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fralaididun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fralaidijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fralaididī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fralaidijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fralaididī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fralaidijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fralaididī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fralaidijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fralaididīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fralaidijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fralaididīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fralaidijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fralaididīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fralaidi (class-1 present singular weak)
fralaidiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
fralaidijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
fralaidid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: forlǣdan
Middle English: forleden
English: forlead

Old Frisian: forlēda

West Frisian: ferliede

Saterland Frisian: ferliede

Old Saxon: farlēdian

Middle Low German: vorlêden, vörlêden

Low German: verleden

Old Dutch: *farlēden, *farleiden

Middle Dutch: verlêden

Dutch: verleiden

Old High German: firleiten

desc

Middle High German: ferleiten, verleiten

German: verleiten

→? Old French: forvoier (calque)

French: fourvoyer


daudēn

daudēn (infinitive)
daudēnijas (genitive infinitive)
daudēnijē (dative infinitive)
daudēniju (infinitive instrumental)
daudē (first-person present singular)
daud?dā (first-person past singular)
daudēs (present second-person singular)
daud?dēs (past second-person singular)
daudēþ (present singular third-person)
daud?dē (past singular third-person)
daud?dā (past singular third-person)
daudēm (first-person plural present)
daud?dum (first-person past plural)
daudēþ (plural present second-person)
daud?dud (past plural second-person)
daudēnþ (plural present third-person)
daud?dun (past plural third-person)
daud?dī (first-person past singular)
daud?dī (past second-person singular)
daudē (present singular third-person)
daud?dī (past singular third-person)
daud?dīm (first-person past plural)
daud?dīd (past plural second-person)
daudēn (plural present third-person)
daud?dīn (past plural third-person)
daudē (present singular)
daudēþ (plural present)
daudēndī (participle present)
daud?d (participle past)

Old English: déadian

Old Frisian: *dâdia

Old Frisian: ofdâdia

Old High German: *tōtēn, tōdēn (with -d- due to influence from the noun tōd)

Middle High German: tōten, tōden


angwēn

angwēn (infinitive)
angwēnijas (genitive infinitive)
angwēnijē (dative infinitive)
angwēniju (infinitive instrumental)
angwē (first-person present singular)
angw?dā (first-person past singular)
angwēs (present second-person singular)
angw?dēs (past second-person singular)
angwēþ (present singular third-person)
angw?dē (past singular third-person)
angw?dā (past singular third-person)
angwēm (first-person plural present)
angw?dum (first-person past plural)
angwēþ (plural present second-person)
angw?dud (past plural second-person)
angwēnþ (plural present third-person)
angw?dun (past plural third-person)
angw?dī (first-person past singular)
angw?dī (past second-person singular)
angwē (present singular third-person)
angw?dī (past singular third-person)
angw?dīm (first-person past plural)
angw?dīd (past plural second-person)
angwēn (plural present third-person)
angw?dīn (past plural third-person)
angwē (present singular)
angwēþ (plural present)
angwēndī (participle present)
angw?d (participle past)

Old English: angian

Old Frisian: angia

Old Dutch: *angen

Middle Dutch: *angen

Dutch: angen (obsolete, attested in early modern dutch)

Old High German: angēn

Middle High German: angen

From Proto-Germanic *angwāną. Equivalent to *angī (“narrow”) + *-ēn.


tigulā

tigulā (nominative singular)
tigulōn (nominative plural)
tigulōn (accusative singular)
tigulōn (accusative plural)
tigulōn (genitive singular)
tigulōnō (genitive plural)
tigulōn (dative singular)
tigulōm (dative plural)
tigulum (dative plural)
tigulōn (instrumental singular)
tigulōm (instrumental plural)
tigulum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: tigele, tigule, tigle, tiegle, tighele, tygele
Middle English: tigel, tighele, teghell, teȝele, tiȝel, tyle, tile
English: tile (see there for further descendants)
Scots: tyl, tild

Old Frisian: *tigel, *tichel

Saterland Frisian: Tichel

West Frisian: tichel, tegel, teil (possibly from Dutch)

Old Saxon: tiegla

Middle Low German: tēgel, tichel

German Low German: Tichel

Plautdietsch: Tieejel

Old Dutch: tegela

Middle Dutch: tigele, tegel, tichel

Dutch: tegel, tichel

Afrikaans: teël

Old High German: ziagala, ziagal

Middle High German: ziegel

German: Ziegel
→ Serbo-Croatian: cígla

Hunsrik: Zieghel

Luxembourgish: Zill

→ Czech: cihla

→ Polish: cegła
→ Belarusian: цэ́гла (céhla)
→ Ukrainian: це́гла (céhla)


arbaidōn

arbaidōn (infinitive)
arbaidōnijas (genitive infinitive)
arbaidōnijē (dative infinitive)
arbaidōniju (infinitive instrumental)
arbaidō (first-person present singular)
arbaidōdā (first-person past singular)
arbaidōs (present second-person singular)
arbaidōdēs (past second-person singular)
arbaidōdōs (past second-person singular)
arbaidōþ (present singular third-person)
arbaidōdē (past singular third-person)
arbaidōdā (past singular third-person)
arbaidōm (first-person plural present)
arbaidōdum (first-person past plural)
arbaidōþ (plural present second-person)
arbaidōdud (past plural second-person)
arbaidōnþ (plural present third-person)
arbaidōdun (past plural third-person)
arbaidōdī (first-person past singular)
arbaidōdī (past second-person singular)
arbaidō (present singular third-person)
arbaidōdī (past singular third-person)
arbaidōdīm (first-person past plural)
arbaidōdīd (past plural second-person)
arbaidōn (plural present third-person)
arbaidōdīn (past plural third-person)
arbaidō (present singular)
arbaidōþ (plural present)
arbaidōndī (participle present)
arbaidōd (participle past)

Old English: earfodian

Old Frisian: arbêdia

North Frisian:

Sylt: maaki

Saterland Frisian: oarbaidje

West Frisian: arbeidzje

Old Saxon: arvidōn

Middle Low German: arbeiden (merged with the descendant of *arbaidijan)

Low German: arbeiden

→ Danish: arbejde

→ Faroese: arbeiða

→ Norwegian: arbeide, arbeida

→ Old Swedish: arbeida, arbeta

Swedish: arbeta

Old High German: arabeitōn, arbeitōn

Middle High German: arebeiten, arbeiten (merged with the descendant of *arbaidijan)

desc

Bavarian: arwadn, arweddn, oaweddn, orbeita

Cimbrian: arbatn, èrbatan (Sette Comuni)

Kölsch: arbigge

German: arbeiten

Yiddish: אַרבעטן (arbetn)

From Proto-Germanic *arbaidōną, equivalent to *arbaiþi (“hardship”) + *-ōn.


hlūdēn

hlūdēn (infinitive)
hlūdēnijas (genitive infinitive)
hlūdēnijē (dative infinitive)
hlūdēniju (infinitive instrumental)
hlūdē (first-person present singular)
hlūd?dā (first-person past singular)
hlūdēs (present second-person singular)
hlūd?dēs (past second-person singular)
hlūdēþ (present singular third-person)
hlūd?dē (past singular third-person)
hlūd?dā (past singular third-person)
hlūdēm (first-person plural present)
hlūd?dum (first-person past plural)
hlūdēþ (plural present second-person)
hlūd?dud (past plural second-person)
hlūdēnþ (plural present third-person)
hlūd?dun (past plural third-person)
hlūd?dī (first-person past singular)
hlūd?dī (past second-person singular)
hlūdē (present singular third-person)
hlūd?dī (past singular third-person)
hlūd?dīm (first-person past plural)
hlūd?dīd (past plural second-person)
hlūdēn (plural present third-person)
hlūd?dīn (past plural third-person)
hlūdē (present singular)
hlūdēþ (plural present)
hlūdēndī (participle present)
hlūd?d (participle past)

Old Saxon: hlūdōn

Middle Low German: lūden

Old Dutch: lūdon

Middle Dutch: luden

Dutch: luiden

Old High German: lūtēn

Middle High German: lūten

German: lauten


frostēn

frostēn (infinitive)
frostēnijas (genitive infinitive)
frostēnijē (dative infinitive)
frostēniju (infinitive instrumental)
frostē (first-person present singular)
frost?dā (first-person past singular)
frostēs (present second-person singular)
frost?dēs (past second-person singular)
frostēþ (present singular third-person)
frost?dē (past singular third-person)
frost?dā (past singular third-person)
frostēm (first-person plural present)
frost?dum (first-person past plural)
frostēþ (plural present second-person)
frost?dud (past plural second-person)
frostēnþ (plural present third-person)
frost?dun (past plural third-person)
frost?dī (first-person past singular)
frost?dī (past second-person singular)
frostē (present singular third-person)
frost?dī (past singular third-person)
frost?dīm (first-person past plural)
frost?dīd (past plural second-person)
frostēn (plural present third-person)
frost?dīn (past plural third-person)
frostē (present singular)
frostēþ (plural present)
frostēndī (participle present)
frost?d (participle past)

Old Frisian: frostia

desctree

Old Dutch: *froston
Middle Dutch: vorsten
Dutch: vorsten

Old High German: *frostēn

⇒ Old High German: irfrostēn

Middle High German: vrosten

German: frosten

From Proto-Germanic *frustāną. Equivalent to *frost (“frost”) + *-ēn.


sūrēn

sūrēn (infinitive)
sūrēnijas (genitive infinitive)
sūrēnijē (dative infinitive)
sūrēniju (infinitive instrumental)
sūrē (first-person present singular)
sūr?dā (first-person past singular)
sūrēs (present second-person singular)
sūr?dēs (past second-person singular)
sūrēþ (present singular third-person)
sūr?dē (past singular third-person)
sūr?dā (past singular third-person)
sūrēm (first-person plural present)
sūr?dum (first-person past plural)
sūrēþ (plural present second-person)
sūr?dud (past plural second-person)
sūrēnþ (plural present third-person)
sūr?dun (past plural third-person)
sūr?dī (first-person past singular)
sūr?dī (past second-person singular)
sūrē (present singular third-person)
sūr?dī (past singular third-person)
sūr?dīm (first-person past plural)
sūr?dīd (past plural second-person)
sūrēn (plural present third-person)
sūr?dīn (past plural third-person)
sūrē (present singular)
sūrēþ (plural present)
sūrēndī (participle present)
sūr?d (participle past)

Old English: sūrian

Middle English: souren

English: sour

Old Frisian: *sūria

West Frisian: sûrje

Old Saxon: *sūron

Middle Low German: *sūren

⇒ Middle Low German: försūren

Old Dutch: *sūron
Middle Dutch: suren
Dutch: zuren

Old High German: sūrēn

Middle High German: sūren


kellārī

kellārī (nominative singular)
kellārijō (nominative plural)
kellārijōs (nominative plural)
kellārī (accusative singular)
kellārijā (accusative plural)
kellārijas (genitive singular)
kellārijō (genitive plural)
kellārijē (dative singular)
kellārijum (dative plural)
kellāriju (instrumental singular)
kellārijum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: keller

Old Saxon: *kellāri

desc

Middle Low German: kellære, keller, kellere, kelder, kelre

German Low German: Keller

→ Estonian: kelder

→ Old Norse: kellari

Icelandic: kjallari

Faroese: kjallari

Norwegian: kjeller

Swedish: källare
→ Finnish: kellari

Danish: kælder

Old Dutch: kellere, kellera, kelleri

Middle Dutch: kelre, keller, kelder

desctree

Dutch: kelder
Afrikaans: kelder
Negerhollands: keller
→ Kristang: kelda
→ Papiamentu: kèlder, kelder
→ Sranan Tongo: kedre
→ Kari'na: ketere

Old High German: kellari, kellāri

desc

Middle High German: keller, kelre, chellar

Bavarian:

Hutterisch: Keller

Cimbrian: khèllar

German: Keller

Luxembourgish: Keller

Yiddish: קעלער (keler)

Borrowed from Late Latin cellārium (“storeroom, cellar”).


rīkēn

rīkēn (infinitive)
rīkēnijas (genitive infinitive)
rīkēnijē (dative infinitive)
rīkēniju (infinitive instrumental)
rīkē (first-person present singular)
rīk?dā (first-person past singular)
rīkēs (present second-person singular)
rīk?dēs (past second-person singular)
rīkēþ (present singular third-person)
rīk?dē (past singular third-person)
rīk?dā (past singular third-person)
rīkēm (first-person plural present)
rīk?dum (first-person past plural)
rīkēþ (plural present second-person)
rīk?dud (past plural second-person)
rīkēnþ (plural present third-person)
rīk?dun (past plural third-person)
rīk?dī (first-person past singular)
rīk?dī (past second-person singular)
rīkē (present singular third-person)
rīk?dī (past singular third-person)
rīk?dīm (first-person past plural)
rīk?dīd (past plural second-person)
rīkēn (plural present third-person)
rīk?dīn (past plural third-person)
rīkē (present singular)
rīkēþ (plural present)
rīkēndī (participle present)
rīk?d (participle past)

Old Frisian: rīkia

Old Saxon: *rīkōn

Middle Low German: rīken

desctree

Old Dutch: *rīcon
Middle Dutch: riken
Dutch: rijken (obsolete)

Old High German: rīhhēn

Middle High German: rīchen


daubēn

daubēn (infinitive)
daubēnijas (genitive infinitive)
daubēnijē (dative infinitive)
daubēniju (infinitive instrumental)
daubē (first-person present singular)
daub?dā (first-person past singular)
daubēs (present second-person singular)
daub?dēs (past second-person singular)
daubēþ (present singular third-person)
daub?dē (past singular third-person)
daub?dā (past singular third-person)
daubēm (first-person plural present)
daub?dum (first-person past plural)
daubēþ (plural present second-person)
daub?dud (past plural second-person)
daubēnþ (plural present third-person)
daub?dun (past plural third-person)
daub?dī (first-person past singular)
daub?dī (past second-person singular)
daubē (present singular third-person)
daub?dī (past singular third-person)
daub?dīm (first-person past plural)
daub?dīd (past plural second-person)
daubēn (plural present third-person)
daub?dīn (past plural third-person)
daubē (present singular)
daubēþ (plural present)
daubēndī (participle present)
daub?d (participle past)

Old English: dēafian

Middle English: dēven

Scots: deave

⇒ Old English: ādēafian

Old Frisian: dâvia

Old Saxon: *dōfōn

Middle Low German: dōven

Old Dutch: *dōvon
Middle Dutch: dôven
Dutch: doven
→ West Frisian: dôvje, doovje, dove

Old High German: toubēn

Middle High German: touben

German: täuben


lūtēn

lūtēn (infinitive)
lūtēnijas (genitive infinitive)
lūtēnijē (dative infinitive)
lūtēniju (infinitive instrumental)
lūtē (first-person present singular)
lūt?dā (first-person past singular)
lūtēs (present second-person singular)
lūt?dēs (past second-person singular)
lūtēþ (present singular third-person)
lūt?dē (past singular third-person)
lūt?dā (past singular third-person)
lūtēm (first-person plural present)
lūt?dum (first-person past plural)
lūtēþ (plural present second-person)
lūt?dud (past plural second-person)
lūtēnþ (plural present third-person)
lūt?dun (past plural third-person)
lūt?dī (first-person past singular)
lūt?dī (past second-person singular)
lūtē (present singular third-person)
lūt?dī (past singular third-person)
lūt?dīm (first-person past plural)
lūt?dīd (past plural second-person)
lūtēn (plural present third-person)
lūt?dīn (past plural third-person)
lūtē (present singular)
lūtēþ (plural present)
lūtēndī (participle present)
lūt?d (participle past)

Old English: lūtian

Old High German: lūzēn

Middle High German: lūzen

Closely related to the strong verb *lūtan (“to bow down, lout”).


lutōn

lutōn (infinitive)
lutōnijas (genitive infinitive)
lutōnijē (dative infinitive)
lutōniju (infinitive instrumental)
lutō (first-person present singular)
lutōdā (first-person past singular)
lutōs (present second-person singular)
lutōdēs (past second-person singular)
lutōdōs (past second-person singular)
lutōþ (present singular third-person)
lutōdē (past singular third-person)
lutōdā (past singular third-person)
lutōm (first-person plural present)
lutōdum (first-person past plural)
lutōþ (plural present second-person)
lutōdud (past plural second-person)
lutōnþ (plural present third-person)
lutōdun (past plural third-person)
lutōdī (first-person past singular)
lutōdī (past second-person singular)
lutō (present singular third-person)
lutōdī (past singular third-person)
lutōdīm (first-person past plural)
lutōdīd (past plural second-person)
lutōn (plural present third-person)
lutōdīn (past plural third-person)
lutō (present singular)
lutōþ (plural present)
lutōndī (participle present)
lutōd (participle past)

Old English: lutian, *lotian

Middle English: lotien, loten

English: lote


holōn

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

holōn (infinitive)
holōnijas (genitive infinitive)
holōnijē (dative infinitive)
holōniju (infinitive instrumental)
holō (first-person present singular)
holōdā (first-person past singular)
holōs (present second-person singular)
holōdēs (past second-person singular)
holōdōs (past second-person singular)
holōþ (present singular third-person)
holōdē (past singular third-person)
holōdā (past singular third-person)
holōm (first-person plural present)
holōdum (first-person past plural)
holōþ (plural present second-person)
holōdud (past plural second-person)
holōnþ (plural present third-person)
holōdun (past plural third-person)
holōdī (first-person past singular)
holōdī (past second-person singular)
holō (present singular third-person)
holōdī (past singular third-person)
holōdīm (first-person past plural)
holōdīd (past plural second-person)
holōn (plural present third-person)
holōdīn (past plural third-person)
holō (present singular)
holōþ (plural present)
holōndī (participle present)
holōd (participle past)

Old English: *holian

Middle English: holen

Old High German: holōn, (holēn)

Middle High German: holen, holn

Bavarian: hoin

German: holen

Luxembourgish: huelen

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, cry, summon”).


holōn

Old English: holian

Middle English: holen

English: hole

Scots: hole, hoil, hoill

Old Frisian: *holia

Saterland Frisian: höölje, holje

desc

⇒ Saterland Frisian: uuthöölje, uutholje

Old Saxon: *holōn

Middle Low German: hōlen, halen, hȫlen

German Low German: höhlen

⇒ German Low German: uthöhlen

Old Dutch: *holon

Middle Dutch: holen

Dutch: holen (obsolete), hollen (backformed to the adjective)

Old High German: holōn

Middle High German: holen, holn, höln

German: höhlen

⇒ Old High German: ūzholōn

Middle High German: ūzholen, ūzholn

German: aushöhlen

From Proto-Germanic *hulōną. Equivalent to *hol (“hollow”) + *-ōn.


kankr

kankr (nominative singular)
kankrō (nominative plural)
kankrōs (nominative plural)
kankr (accusative singular)
kankrā (accusative plural)
kankras (genitive singular)
kankrō (genitive plural)
kankrē (dative singular)
kankrum (dative plural)
kankru (instrumental singular)
kankrum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: cancer, cancor
Middle English: canker, cancre, cancer, cankre, cankyr, kankir, kanker (partially from Old French cancre)
English: canker
→ Welsh: cancr

Old Frisian: *kanker

West Frisian: kanker

Old Saxon: *kankar

desc

Middle Low German: kanker, canker, cancer, cancher, canser

German Low German: Kanker

Old Dutch: *kankar

Middle Dutch: canker

desctree

Dutch: kanker
Afrikaans: kanker
→ Caribbean Javanese: kangker
→ Indonesian: kanker
→ Minangkabau: kangker
→ Papiamentu: kanker

Old High German: kankur, kancur, kankar

Middle High German: kanker

German: Kanker

Borrowed from Late Latin cancus, from Latin cancer.


krūcigōn

krūcigōn (infinitive)
krūcigōnijas (genitive infinitive)
krūcigōnijē (dative infinitive)
krūcigōniju (infinitive instrumental)
krūcigō (first-person present singular)
krūcigōdā (first-person past singular)
krūcigōs (present second-person singular)
krūcigōdēs (past second-person singular)
krūcigōdōs (past second-person singular)
krūcigōþ (present singular third-person)
krūcigōdē (past singular third-person)
krūcigōdā (past singular third-person)
krūcigōm (first-person plural present)
krūcigōdum (first-person past plural)
krūcigōþ (plural present second-person)
krūcigōdud (past plural second-person)
krūcigōnþ (plural present third-person)
krūcigōdun (past plural third-person)
krūcigōdī (first-person past singular)
krūcigōdī (past second-person singular)
krūcigō (present singular third-person)
krūcigōdī (past singular third-person)
krūcigōdīm (first-person past plural)
krūcigōdīd (past plural second-person)
krūcigōn (plural present third-person)
krūcigōdīn (past plural third-person)
krūcigō (present singular)
krūcigōþ (plural present)
krūcigōndī (participle present)
krūcigōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: kriūsgia, kriōska

Saterland Frisian: kjuusigje

West Frisian: krusigje

Old Saxon: *krūcigian, *krūcian

desc

Middle Low German: krü̂zigen, krü̂zegen, krü̂zien

German Low German: krüzigen

desctree

Old Dutch: krucigon, *crucon
Middle Dutch: crûcen, *crûcigen
Dutch: kruisigen
Afrikaans: kroesig, krusig
Negerhollands: kroesig, krusig

Old High German: krūzigōn, krūzigēn, krūzōn
Middle High German: kriuzigen, krūzigen, krūzgen, krūtzgen
German: kreuzigen

Borrowed from Latin cruciō (“to crucify”). Equivalent to *krūci (“cross”) + *-ōn.


kalik

kalik (nominative singular)
kalikō (nominative plural)
kalikōs (nominative plural)
kalik (accusative singular)
kalikā (accusative plural)
kalikas (genitive singular)
kalikō (genitive plural)
kalikē (dative singular)
kalikum (dative plural)
kaliku (instrumental singular)
kalikum (instrumental plural)

desc

Old English: ċæliċ, caliċ, ċeliċ, cælċ, ċelċ

Middle English: calch (displaced by chalis from Old French)

Old Frisian: tzilik, tzelk, tzielk

West Frisian: tsjelk, tsjelke

Old Saxon: kelik

Middle Low German: kelek, kelk, kelik, kellik

German Low German: Kelk

→ Old Norse: kalkr, kalekr

Old Swedish: kalker

Swedish: kalk

Old Dutch: kelik

Middle Dutch: kelch, kēlec, kelc

desctree

Dutch: kelk
Afrikaans: kelk
→ Papiamentu: kèlki, kelki

Old High German: kelih, kelh, kelich
Middle High German: kelich, kelch
Cimbrian: khèlch
German: Kelch
→ English: kelch, Kelch
→ Czech: kalich
→ Polish: kielich
→ Belarusian: ке́ліх (kjélix)
→ Ukrainian: ке́лих (kélyx), ке́лех (kélex)
→ Slovak: kalich
→ Slovene: kẹ́lih

Borrowed from Latin calix ~ calicis (“cup, chalice; cooking pot”).


blōmōn

blōmōn (infinitive)
blōmōnijas (genitive infinitive)
blōmōnijē (dative infinitive)
blōmōniju (infinitive instrumental)
blōmō (first-person present singular)
blōmōdā (first-person past singular)
blōmōs (present second-person singular)
blōmōdēs (past second-person singular)
blōmōdōs (past second-person singular)
blōmōþ (present singular third-person)
blōmōdē (past singular third-person)
blōmōdā (past singular third-person)
blōmōm (first-person plural present)
blōmōdum (first-person past plural)
blōmōþ (plural present second-person)
blōmōdud (past plural second-person)
blōmōnþ (plural present third-person)
blōmōdun (past plural third-person)
blōmōdī (first-person past singular)
blōmōdī (past second-person singular)
blōmō (present singular third-person)
blōmōdī (past singular third-person)
blōmōdīm (first-person past plural)
blōmōdīd (past plural second-person)
blōmōn (plural present third-person)
blōmōdīn (past plural third-person)
blōmō (present singular)
blōmōþ (plural present)
blōmōndī (participle present)
blōmōd (participle past)

Old English: *blōmian

Middle English: blomen

English: bloom

Old Frisian: *blōmia

West Frisian: blomje

Old Saxon: *blōmon

Middle Low German: blōmen, blȫmen

Old Dutch: *blōmon (attested as giblōmid)

Middle Dutch: *bloemen

Dutch: bloemen

Old High German: bluomōn

Middle High German: bluomen

From Proto-Germanic *blōmōną, equivalent to *blōmō (“flower”) + *-ōn.


werkōn

werkōn (infinitive)
werkōnijas (genitive infinitive)
werkōnijē (dative infinitive)
werkōniju (infinitive instrumental)
werkō (first-person present singular)
werkōdā (first-person past singular)
werkōs (present second-person singular)
werkōdēs (past second-person singular)
werkōdōs (past second-person singular)
werkōþ (present singular third-person)
werkōdē (past singular third-person)
werkōdā (past singular third-person)
werkōm (first-person plural present)
werkōdum (first-person past plural)
werkōþ (plural present second-person)
werkōdud (past plural second-person)
werkōnþ (plural present third-person)
werkōdun (past plural third-person)
werkōdī (first-person past singular)
werkōdī (past second-person singular)
werkō (present singular third-person)
werkōdī (past singular third-person)
werkōdīm (first-person past plural)
werkōdīd (past plural second-person)
werkōn (plural present third-person)
werkōdīn (past plural third-person)
werkō (present singular)
werkōþ (plural present)
werkōndī (participle present)
werkōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: werkia

Saterland Frisian: wíerkje

West Frisian: wurkje

Old Saxon: *werkon

Middle Low German: werken

Old Dutch: *werkon

Middle Dutch: werken

Dutch: werken

Old High German: werkōn

Middle High German: werken

German: werken

From Proto-Germanic *werkōną, equivalent to *werk (“work”) + *-ōn.


skōhōn

skōhōn (infinitive)
skōhōnijas (genitive infinitive)
skōhōnijē (dative infinitive)
skōhōniju (infinitive instrumental)
skōhō (first-person present singular)
skōhōdā (first-person past singular)
skōhōs (present second-person singular)
skōhōdēs (past second-person singular)
skōhōdōs (past second-person singular)
skōhōþ (present singular third-person)
skōhōdē (past singular third-person)
skōhōdā (past singular third-person)
skōhōm (first-person plural present)
skōhōdum (first-person past plural)
skōhōþ (plural present second-person)
skōhōdud (past plural second-person)
skōhōnþ (plural present third-person)
skōhōdun (past plural third-person)
skōhōdī (first-person past singular)
skōhōdī (past second-person singular)
skōhō (present singular third-person)
skōhōdī (past singular third-person)
skōhōdīm (first-person past plural)
skōhōdīd (past plural second-person)
skōhōn (plural present third-person)
skōhōdīn (past plural third-person)
skōhō (present singular)
skōhōþ (plural present)
skōhōndī (participle present)
skōhōd (participle past)

desc

Old English: sċōġan, sċeōġan, sċōġean, sċōan

Middle English: shon, shoen

English: shoe

Old Frisian: *skōia

West Frisian: skoaie, skoeie

Old Saxon: *skōhon, *skōgon

Middle Low German: schōien, schōgen

Old Dutch: *skuoion

Middle Dutch: schoeyen, schoeden

Dutch: schoeien

Old High German: skuohōn

Middle High German: schuohen

German: schuhen (dated)

From Proto-Germanic *skōhōną, equivalent to *skōh (“shoe”) + *-ōn.


arcijātārī

arcijātārī (nominative singular)
arcijātārijō (nominative plural)
arcijātārijōs (nominative plural)
arcijātārī (accusative singular)
arcijātārijā (accusative plural)
arcijātārijas (genitive singular)
arcijātārijō (genitive plural)
arcijātārijē (dative singular)
arcijātārijum (dative plural)
arcijātāriju (instrumental singular)
arcijātārijum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *arcātāri

Middle Low German: ersatre, arsseter, arste

→ Estonian: arst

→ Latvian: ārsts

Old Dutch: ercetere

Middle Dutch: ersetere, arseter, arsete, aerste

Dutch: arts

Afrikaans: arts

desctree

Old High German: arzāt, arzātāri
Middle High German: erzetere, arzeder, arzet
Bavarian: Årzt
German: Arzt

Borrowed from Late Latin archīāter + *-ārī.


fīru

fīru (nominative singular)
fīrō (nominative plural)
fīrā (accusative singular)
fīrā (accusative plural)
fīrā (genitive singular)
fīrō (genitive plural)
fīrē (dative singular)
fīrōm (dative plural)
fīrum (dative plural)
fīru (instrumental singular)
fīrōm (instrumental plural)
fīrum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: fīre

Old Saxon: fīra

Middle Low German: vîr

German Low German: Fier

→ Swedish: fira

Old Dutch: *fīra

Middle Dutch: viere

Old High German: fīra, fīrra, fiera

desc

Middle High German: vīre, virre, vīere, vīer, fīre, firre, fīere, fīer

German: Feier


kōlēn

kōlēn (infinitive)
kōlēnijas (genitive infinitive)
kōlēnijē (dative infinitive)
kōlēniju (infinitive instrumental)
kōlē (first-person present singular)
kōl?dā (first-person past singular)
kōlēs (present second-person singular)
kōl?dēs (past second-person singular)
kōlēþ (present singular third-person)
kōl?dē (past singular third-person)
kōl?dā (past singular third-person)
kōlēm (first-person plural present)
kōl?dum (first-person past plural)
kōlēþ (plural present second-person)
kōl?dud (past plural second-person)
kōlēnþ (plural present third-person)
kōl?dun (past plural third-person)
kōl?dī (first-person past singular)
kōl?dī (past second-person singular)
kōlē (present singular third-person)
kōl?dī (past singular third-person)
kōl?dīm (first-person past plural)
kōl?dīd (past plural second-person)
kōlēn (plural present third-person)
kōl?dīn (past plural third-person)
kōlē (present singular)
kōlēþ (plural present)
kōlēndī (participle present)
kōl?d (participle past)

Old English: cōlian

Middle English: colen

English: cool

Old Frisian: *kōlia

West Frisian: kuolje

Old Saxon: kōlōn

>? Middle Low German: kolen, kůlen (spellings can also represent *kōlijan)

desctree

Old Dutch: *cuolon
Middle Dutch: coelen
Dutch: koelen

Old High German: kuolēn

Middle High German: kuolen

Alemannic German: chuele

Cimbrian: khuulan


wīnagard

wīnagard (nominative singular)
wīnagardō (nominative plural)
wīnagardōs (nominative plural)
wīnagard (accusative singular)
wīnagardā (accusative plural)
wīnagardas (genitive singular)
wīnagardō (genitive plural)
wīnagardē (dative singular)
wīnagardum (dative plural)
wīnagardu (instrumental singular)
wīnagardum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wīnġeard
Middle English: vyneȝerd, vyneyerd, vineyarde, vineȝard, vynȝerde, vineȝerd, vyneȝeerd, vyneȝerde, vyneȝard, vyne-ȝarde, vynȝerd, wynȝard, viyn ȝerd, wineyerd, vineyard, vyneȝorde, winȝeard, win ȝard, winyard, winiærd
English: vineyard
Scots: vinyaird

Old Saxon: wīngardo

Middle Low German: wīngarde

Old Dutch: wīngardo

desc

Middle Dutch: wijngaert, wijngaert, wijngart, wijngaerd

Dutch: wijngaard

Old High German: wīngardo

Middle High German: wīngarte

German: Weingarten, Wingert (regional)

From Proto-Germanic *wīnagardaz. Equivalent to *wīn (“wine”) + *gard (“enclosure”).


blaikēn

blaikēn (infinitive)
blaikēnijas (genitive infinitive)
blaikēnijē (dative infinitive)
blaikēniju (infinitive instrumental)
blaikē (first-person present singular)
blaik?dā (first-person past singular)
blaikēs (present second-person singular)
blaik?dēs (past second-person singular)
blaikēþ (present singular third-person)
blaik?dē (past singular third-person)
blaik?dā (past singular third-person)
blaikēm (first-person plural present)
blaik?dum (first-person past plural)
blaikēþ (plural present second-person)
blaik?dud (past plural second-person)
blaikēnþ (plural present third-person)
blaik?dun (past plural third-person)
blaik?dī (first-person past singular)
blaik?dī (past second-person singular)
blaikē (present singular third-person)
blaik?dī (past singular third-person)
blaik?dīm (first-person past plural)
blaik?dīd (past plural second-person)
blaikēn (plural present third-person)
blaik?dīn (past plural third-person)
blaikē (present singular)
blaikēþ (plural present)
blaikēndī (participle present)
blaik?d (participle past)

Old English: blācian

Middle English: blāken, blōken

English: blake, bloke (obsolete)

Old Frisian: blâkia

Old Saxon: *blēkōn

Middle Low German: blēken, bleiken (merged with *blaikijan)

Low German: bleken

desctree

Old Dutch: *blēcon
Middle Dutch: blêcen
Dutch: bleken

Old High German: bleihhēn

Middle High German: bleichen (merged with *blaikijan and *blīkan)

German: bleichen


karkārī

karkārī (nominative singular)
karkārijō (nominative plural)
karkārijōs (nominative plural)
karkārī (accusative singular)
karkārijā (accusative plural)
karkārijas (genitive singular)
karkārijō (genitive plural)
karkārijē (dative singular)
karkārijum (dative plural)
karkāriju (instrumental singular)
karkārijum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: karkari

Middle Low German: kerker

Old Dutch: *karkari

Middle Dutch: carker, caerker, kerker

Dutch: kerker

Old High German: karkāri, karkari

desc

Middle High German: karkäre, karkāre, kerkäre, karker, kerker, karkel

German: Kerker

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin *carcārius, syncopated from Latin carcerārius, from carcer. Parallel borrowing with Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰 (karkara).


kulljandr

kulljandr (nominative singular)
kulljandru (nominative plural)
kulljandr (accusative singular)
kulljandru (accusative plural)
kulljandras (genitive singular)
kulljandrō (genitive plural)
kulljandrē (dative singular)
kulljandrum (dative plural)
kulljandru (instrumental singular)
kulljandrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: cœlender n, cœlendre, cellendre, cylendre, coliandre f

desctree

Middle English: coriandre, cellendre, coliandre, coliaundre, colliander, colyandre, colyaundre, coriaunder, coryandry, coryaundre
English: coriander
Scots: corrydander

Old Saxon: kullundar

desc

Middle Low German: kaliander, koriander, kaliander, koreander, coriander, cariander, coliander, colander, caliander

>? Old Dutch: *kullandar, *koriander

Middle Dutch: coliander, caliander, coreade, coriander, koriander (perhaps only from Old French)

Dutch: koriander

→ West Frisian: koriander

Old High German: kullantar, koriander m

Middle High German: kullander, kolander, koliander, koriander

German: Koriander

→ Hungarian: koriander

Luxembourgish: Koriander

Borrowed from Medieval Latin coliandrum, *coliandra, and later reenforced by Latin coriandrum and Old French coriandre.


fogāt

fogāt (nominative singular)
fogātō (nominative plural)
fogātōs (nominative plural)
fogāt (accusative singular)
fogātā (accusative plural)
fogātas (genitive singular)
fogātō (genitive plural)
fogātē (dative singular)
fogātum (dative plural)
fogātu (instrumental singular)
fogātum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: fogid, foged, fogeth, foud

West Frisian: fad

North Frisian: vaget, voget, fagt

Old Saxon: fogat

Middle Low German: vôget, voget, vöget, vogt, vocht, vâget, vaget, vagt, voyt, voit, voyet

German Low German: Fuaget

→ Old Norse: fogutr, fogutr

Danish: foged

Icelandic: foguti

Norwegian: fogd

Old Swedish: fohgdhe, foghate, foghat, foghadhe, foghote

Swedish: fogde

→ Finnish: vouti

Old Dutch: *fogat

Middle Dutch: vôget, voocht

Dutch: voogd
Afrikaans: voog

→? Middle English: vokett, voket, vokat

Old High German: fogat, fogāt

Middle High German: voget, foget, vogt, fogt, vougt, fougt, voit, foit, vout, fout

German: Vogt
→ English: Vogt


fenukl

fenukl (nominative singular)
fenukklō (nominative plural)
fenukklōs (nominative plural)
fenukl (accusative singular)
fenukklā (accusative plural)
fenukklas (genitive singular)
fenukklō (genitive plural)
fenukklē (dative singular)
fenukklum (dative plural)
fenukklu (instrumental singular)
fenukklum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: finol, finugl, finul m, finule, finugle f
Middle English: fenell, fenel, fenyl, fenele, vinel, finelle, fenelle
English: fennel
Scots: fennel

Old Saxon: fenucal, fenecal, fenikel

desc

Middle Low German: fennikôl, vennikol, vennekol, vennekel, venkol, venkel, venekol, vennickel

German Low German: Fenkel, Fenkol

→ Danish: fennikel

→ Old Swedish: faznikal, fenekol

Swedish: fänkål

→ Estonian: fenkol

→ Finnish: fenkoli

Old Dutch: *fenikal

Middle Dutch: venkel, vênekel, vinkel

Dutch: venkel
Afrikaans: vinkel

desctree

→ Middle English: fenkel, fenecel, fenkele, fenicle, fenkylle, fenkell, fynkyll, fynkall
Scots: finkle

desc

Old High German: fenihhal, fenichal, fenuhhal, fenuchal

Middle High German: fenichel, fenchel, fenechel, venichel, venchel, venechel

German: Fenchel

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin *fēnuclum, from Latin fēnuculum.


þewanōn

þewanōn (infinitive)
þewanōnijas (genitive infinitive)
þewanōnijē (dative infinitive)
þewanōniju (infinitive instrumental)
þewanō (first-person present singular)
þewanōdā (first-person past singular)
þewanōs (present second-person singular)
þewanōdēs (past second-person singular)
þewanōdōs (past second-person singular)
þewanōþ (present singular third-person)
þewanōdē (past singular third-person)
þewanōdā (past singular third-person)
þewanōm (first-person plural present)
þewanōdum (first-person past plural)
þewanōþ (plural present second-person)
þewanōdud (past plural second-person)
þewanōnþ (plural present third-person)
þewanōdun (past plural third-person)
þewanōdī (first-person past singular)
þewanōdī (past second-person singular)
þewanō (present singular third-person)
þewanōdī (past singular third-person)
þewanōdīm (first-person past plural)
þewanōdīd (past plural second-person)
þewanōn (plural present third-person)
þewanōdīn (past plural third-person)
þewanō (present singular)
þewanōþ (plural present)
þewanōndī (participle present)
þewanōd (participle past)

Old English: þegnian, þēnian

Old Frisian: thiānia

desctree

Old Saxon: thionon
Middle Low German: þēnen, dēnen
Low German: denen
→ Old Norse: þéna

Old Dutch: thienon
Middle Dutch: dienen
Dutch: dienen
Limburgish: dene

Old High German: thionōn, dionon
Middle High German: dienen
Cimbrian: diinan
German: dienen
Luxembourgish: déngen
Vilamovian: dinn
Yiddish: דינען (dinen)


ebnōn

ebnōn (infinitive)
ebnōnijas (genitive infinitive)
ebnōnijē (dative infinitive)
ebnōniju (infinitive instrumental)
ebnō (first-person present singular)
ebnōdā (first-person past singular)
ebnōs (present second-person singular)
ebnōdēs (past second-person singular)
ebnōdōs (past second-person singular)
ebnōþ (present singular third-person)
ebnōdē (past singular third-person)
ebnōdā (past singular third-person)
ebnōm (first-person plural present)
ebnōdum (first-person past plural)
ebnōþ (plural present second-person)
ebnōdud (past plural second-person)
ebnōnþ (plural present third-person)
ebnōdun (past plural third-person)
ebnōdī (first-person past singular)
ebnōdī (past second-person singular)
ebnō (present singular third-person)
ebnōdī (past singular third-person)
ebnōdīm (first-person past plural)
ebnōdīd (past plural second-person)
ebnōn (plural present third-person)
ebnōdīn (past plural third-person)
ebnō (present singular)
ebnōþ (plural present)
ebnōndī (participle present)
ebnōd (participle past)

Old English: efnian

Middle English: evenen

English: even

Old Frisian: evenia

Old Saxon: *evanon, *effanon

Middle Low German: ēvenen, effenen

Old Dutch: *effanon

Middle Dutch: effenen

Dutch: effenen

Old High German: ebanōn

Middle High German: ebenen

German: ebnen

From Proto-Germanic *ebnōną, equivalent to *ebn (“even”) + *-ōn.


mandalā

mandalā (nominative singular)
mandalōn (nominative plural)
mandalōn (accusative singular)
mandalōn (accusative plural)
mandalōn (genitive singular)
mandalōnō (genitive plural)
mandalōn (dative singular)
mandalōm (dative plural)
mandalum (dative plural)
mandalōn (instrumental singular)
mandalōm (instrumental plural)
mandalum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: mandala

Middle Low German: mandel, mandele

German Low German: Mandel

Old Dutch: *mandala

q

contaminated by Old French <i class="Latn mention" lang="fro">amandele</i>

Middle Dutch: mandel, amandel, amander, amandre (contaminated by Old French amandele)

desctree

Dutch: amandel
Afrikaans: amandel
→ Kari'na: mantala
→ Indonesian: amandel
→ Papiamentu: amandel
→ Sranan Tongo: amandra
→ Caribbean Javanese: mandrah

Old High German: mandala
German: Mandel
→ Faroese: mandla
→ Icelandic: mandla
→ Kashubian: mandla
→ Romansch: mandel
→ Swedish: mandel
Yiddish: מאַנדל (mandl)

Borrowed from Late Latin amandula, amendula, amandola, from Latin amygdala.


offrōn

offrōn (infinitive)
offrōnijas (genitive infinitive)
offrōnijē (dative infinitive)
offrōniju (infinitive instrumental)
offrō (first-person present singular)
offrōdā (first-person past singular)
offrōs (present second-person singular)
offrōdēs (past second-person singular)
offrōdōs (past second-person singular)
offrōþ (present singular third-person)
offrōdē (past singular third-person)
offrōdā (past singular third-person)
offrōm (first-person plural present)
offrōdum (first-person past plural)
offrōþ (plural present second-person)
offrōdud (past plural second-person)
offrōnþ (plural present third-person)
offrōdun (past plural third-person)
offrōdī (first-person past singular)
offrōdī (past second-person singular)
offrō (present singular third-person)
offrōdī (past singular third-person)
offrōdīm (first-person past plural)
offrōdīd (past plural second-person)
offrōn (plural present third-person)
offrōdīn (past plural third-person)
offrō (present singular)
offrōþ (plural present)
offrōndī (participle present)
offrōd (participle past)

Old English: offrian, ofrian
Middle English: offren (reenforced by Old French ofrir)
English: offer

Old Frisian: offeria, offaria, offria

Saterland Frisian: offerje

West Frisian: offerje

Old Saxon: offrōn, offran

desc

Middle Low German: offeren, offern, opfern

German Low German: offern

Old Dutch: offeron

Middle Dutch: offeren, offren

Dutch: offeren

Old High German: opfarōn, offarōn, opharōn, opherōn

Middle High German: opferen, opfern, opfren, oppern, obfern

German: opfern

Borrowed from Latin offerō. Equivalent to *offr (“sacrifice, offering”) + *-ōn.


maistar

maistar (nominative singular)
maistarō (nominative plural)
maistarōs (nominative plural)
maistar (accusative singular)
maistarā (accusative plural)
maistaras (genitive singular)
maistarō (genitive plural)
maistarē (dative singular)
maistarum (dative plural)
maistaru (instrumental singular)
maistarum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: mǣġester, magister, māġister, mæġster, mǣster
Middle English: maister, maistre, mayster, maystr, maistir (reinforced by Old French maistre)
English: master (see there for further descendants)
English: mister (see there for further descendants)
Scots: maister

Old Frisian: māster, mēster, māstere, mēstere
Saterland Frisian: Mäster
West Frisian: master

Old Saxon: mēstar

desc

Middle Low German: mēster, mēister, meister, meyster, maister

→ Old Norse: meistari

Icelandic: meistari

Faroese: meistari

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: mester

Norwegian Nynorsk: meister

Danish: mester

Old Swedish: mæstare, mæster

Swedish: mästare
→ Finnish: mestari

Old Dutch: *mēster

desctree

Middle Dutch: mêester
Dutch: meester (see there for further descendants)
Limburgish: meister

Old High German: meistar

Middle High German: meister

German: Meister (see there for further descendants)

Yiddish: מײַסטער (mayster)

→ Old Czech: mistř, mistr, místr

Czech: mistr

→ Polish: mistrz

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin *maester, from Latin magister (“teacher”).


palancijā

palancijā (nominative singular)
palancijōn (nominative plural)
palancijōn (accusative singular)
palancijōn (accusative plural)
palancijōn (genitive singular)
palancijōnō (genitive plural)
palancijōn (dative singular)
palancijōm (dative plural)
palancijum (dative plural)
palancijōn (instrumental singular)
palancijōm (instrumental plural)
palancijum (instrumental plural)

desc

Old English: palendse, palentse, pallente f, palente m

Old Frisian: palense

Middle Low German: palanz, palant, palent

Old Saxon: palencea

Old High German: pfalinza, pfalanza, falenza, phalanza, phalaza, phalinza

Middle High German: pfalenze, phalenze, phalze, phalz, pfalinze, pfalnze, phalenze, pfelinze, palinze, pelinze

German: Pfalz

From Late Latin palantia, from Latin palātium.


ībisku

ībisku (nominative singular)
ībiskō (nominative plural)
ībiskā (accusative singular)
ībiskā (accusative plural)
ībiskā (genitive singular)
ībiskō (genitive plural)
ībiskē (dative singular)
ībiskōm (dative plural)
ībiskum (dative plural)
ībisku (instrumental singular)
ībiskōm (instrumental plural)
ībiskum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: īviska

Middle Low German: êbesse, ebesse, êbisse, êbizze, ebizze

Old High German: ībiska, ībisca, īwiska

Middle High German: ībesche, ībesch

German: Eibisch

Borrowed from Late Latin ibīscum, hībiscum.


skarbōn

skarbōn (infinitive)
skarbōnijas (genitive infinitive)
skarbōnijē (dative infinitive)
skarbōniju (infinitive instrumental)
skarbō (first-person present singular)
skarbōdā (first-person past singular)
skarbōs (present second-person singular)
skarbōdēs (past second-person singular)
skarbōdōs (past second-person singular)
skarbōþ (present singular third-person)
skarbōdē (past singular third-person)
skarbōdā (past singular third-person)
skarbōm (first-person plural present)
skarbōdum (first-person past plural)
skarbōþ (plural present second-person)
skarbōdud (past plural second-person)
skarbōnþ (plural present third-person)
skarbōdun (past plural third-person)
skarbōdī (first-person past singular)
skarbōdī (past second-person singular)
skarbō (present singular third-person)
skarbōdī (past singular third-person)
skarbōdīm (first-person past plural)
skarbōdīd (past plural second-person)
skarbōn (plural present third-person)
skarbōdīn (past plural third-person)
skarbō (present singular)
skarbōþ (plural present)
skarbōndī (participle present)
skarbōd (participle past)

Old English: scearfian

Old Saxon: *skarvōn

Middle Low German: scharven

Old Dutch: *skarvon

Middle Dutch: scherven, scharven

Old High German: skarbōn

Middle High German: scharben


sigilōn

sigilōn (infinitive)
sigilōnijas (genitive infinitive)
sigilōnijē (dative infinitive)
sigilōniju (infinitive instrumental)
sigilō (first-person present singular)
sigilōdā (first-person past singular)
sigilōs (present second-person singular)
sigilōdēs (past second-person singular)
sigilōdōs (past second-person singular)
sigilōþ (present singular third-person)
sigilōdē (past singular third-person)
sigilōdā (past singular third-person)
sigilōm (first-person plural present)
sigilōdum (first-person past plural)
sigilōþ (plural present second-person)
sigilōdud (past plural second-person)
sigilōnþ (plural present third-person)
sigilōdun (past plural third-person)
sigilōdī (first-person past singular)
sigilōdī (past second-person singular)
sigilō (present singular third-person)
sigilōdī (past singular third-person)
sigilōdīm (first-person past plural)
sigilōdīd (past plural second-person)
sigilōn (plural present third-person)
sigilōdīn (past plural third-person)
sigilō (present singular)
sigilōþ (plural present)
sigilōndī (participle present)
sigilōd (participle past)

Old English: *seġlian

Middle English: selen (contaminated by Old French)

English: seal

⇒ Old English: unseġlian

Middle English: unselen

English: unseal

Old Frisian: siglia, siselia, sigilia

Old Saxon: siglian

Middle Low German: sêgelen, siegelen

Old Dutch: *sigilon

Middle Dutch: segelen

Dutch: zegelen

Old High German: *sigilōn, sigilen

Middle Low German: sigelen

German: siegeln

Borrowed from Latin sigillō (“to seal”). Parallel borrowing with Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (sigljan).

besêgelen

Old Saxon: *bisiglian; Middle Low German

besiegeln

Middle High German: besigelen, bisigeln, besigeln

enseal

Middle English: enselen, inselen (contaminated by Old French)

insêgelen

Old Saxon: *insiglian; Middle Low German


skim(m)rōn

skimrōn (canonical)
skimrōn (infinitive)
skimmrōn (infinitive)
skimrōnijas (genitive infinitive)
skimmrōnijas (genitive infinitive)
skimrōnijē (dative infinitive)
skimmrōnijē (dative infinitive)
skimrōniju (infinitive instrumental)
skimmrōniju (infinitive instrumental)
skimrō (first-person present singular)
skimmrō (first-person present singular)
skimrōdā (first-person past singular)
skimmrōdā (first-person past singular)
skimrōs (present second-person singular)
skimmrōs (present second-person singular)
skimrōdēs (past second-person singular)
skimmrōdēs (past second-person singular)
skimrōdōs (past second-person singular)
skimmrōdōs (past second-person singular)
skimrōþ (present singular third-person)
skimmrōþ (present singular third-person)
skimrōdē (past singular third-person)
skimmrōdē (past singular third-person)
skimrōdā (past singular third-person)
skimmrōdā (past singular third-person)
skimrōm (first-person plural present)
skimmrōm (first-person plural present)
skimrōdum (first-person past plural)
skimmrōdum (first-person past plural)
skimrōþ (plural present second-person)
skimmrōþ (plural present second-person)
skimrōdud (past plural second-person)
skimmrōdud (past plural second-person)
skimrōnþ (plural present third-person)
skimmrōnþ (plural present third-person)
skimrōdun (past plural third-person)
skimmrōdun (past plural third-person)
skimrōdī (first-person past singular)
skimmrōdī (first-person past singular)
skimrōdī (past second-person singular)
skimmrōdī (past second-person singular)
skimrō (present singular third-person)
skimmrō (present singular third-person)
skimrōdī (past singular third-person)
skimmrōdī (past singular third-person)
skimrōdīm (first-person past plural)
skimmrōdīm (first-person past plural)
skimrōdīd (past plural second-person)
skimmrōdīd (past plural second-person)
skimrōn (plural present third-person)
skimmrōn (plural present third-person)
skimrōdīn (past plural third-person)
skimmrōdīn (past plural third-person)
skimrō (present singular)
skimmrō (present singular)
skimrōþ (plural present)
skimmrōþ (plural present)
skimrōndī (participle present)
skimmrōndī (participle present)
skimrōd (participle past)
skimmrōd (participle past)

Old English: scimrian, scymrian, scimerian

English: shimmeren, shimeren

English: shimmer

Old Frisian: *skimria

West Frisian: skimerje

Old Saxon: *skimarōn

Middle Low German: schēmeren

Old Dutch: *skimaron

Middle Dutch: schēmeren

Dutch: schemeren

Old High German: *skimmarōn

Middle High German: schimmeren

German: schimmern

From *skimōn (“to gleam, give shadow”) + *-rōn.


skapōn

skapōn (infinitive)
skapōnijas (genitive infinitive)
skapōnijē (dative infinitive)
skapōniju (infinitive instrumental)
skapō (first-person present singular)
skapōdā (first-person past singular)
skapōs (present second-person singular)
skapōdēs (past second-person singular)
skapōdōs (past second-person singular)
skapōþ (present singular third-person)
skapōdē (past singular third-person)
skapōdā (past singular third-person)
skapōm (first-person plural present)
skapōdum (first-person past plural)
skapōþ (plural present second-person)
skapōdud (past plural second-person)
skapōnþ (plural present third-person)
skapōdun (past plural third-person)
skapōdī (first-person past singular)
skapōdī (past second-person singular)
skapō (present singular third-person)
skapōdī (past singular third-person)
skapōdīm (first-person past plural)
skapōdīd (past plural second-person)
skapōn (plural present third-person)
skapōdīn (past plural third-person)
skapō (present singular)
skapōþ (plural present)
skapōndī (participle present)
skapōd (participle past)

Old English: *skapian

Middle English: schapen

English: shape

Old Saxon: *skapōn

Middle Low German: schapen

Low German: schapen

Old Dutch: skapon

Middle Dutch: schapen

Dutch: schapen

Old High German: skaffōn

Middle High German: schaffen

German: schaffen

→ Low German: schaffen

→ Dutch: schaffen

→ Saterland Frisian: skafje, schafje

→ Danish: skaffe

→ Faroese: skaffa

→ Swedish: skaffa

From Proto-Germanic *skapōną, equivalent to *skap (“shape”) + *-ōn.


raibōn

raibōn (infinitive)
raibōnijas (genitive infinitive)
raibōnijē (dative infinitive)
raibōniju (infinitive instrumental)
raibō (first-person present singular)
raibōdā (first-person past singular)
raibōs (present second-person singular)
raibōdēs (past second-person singular)
raibōdōs (past second-person singular)
raibōþ (present singular third-person)
raibōdē (past singular third-person)
raibōdā (past singular third-person)
raibōm (first-person plural present)
raibōdum (first-person past plural)
raibōþ (plural present second-person)
raibōdud (past plural second-person)
raibōnþ (plural present third-person)
raibōdun (past plural third-person)
raibōdī (first-person past singular)
raibōdī (past second-person singular)
raibō (present singular third-person)
raibōdī (past singular third-person)
raibōdīm (first-person past plural)
raibōdīd (past plural second-person)
raibōn (plural present third-person)
raibōdīn (past plural third-person)
raibō (present singular)
raibōþ (plural present)
raibōndī (participle present)
raibōd (participle past)

Old English: *rāfian

⇒ Old English: ārāfian

>? Old High German: reibōn (to repair)


fullōn

fullōn (infinitive)
fullōnijas (genitive infinitive)
fullōnijē (dative infinitive)
fullōniju (infinitive instrumental)
fullō (first-person present singular)
fullōdā (first-person past singular)
fullōs (present second-person singular)
fullōdēs (past second-person singular)
fullōdōs (past second-person singular)
fullōþ (present singular third-person)
fullōdē (past singular third-person)
fullōdā (past singular third-person)
fullōm (first-person plural present)
fullōdum (first-person past plural)
fullōþ (plural present second-person)
fullōdud (past plural second-person)
fullōnþ (plural present third-person)
fullōdun (past plural third-person)
fullōdī (first-person past singular)
fullōdī (past second-person singular)
fullō (present singular third-person)
fullōdī (past singular third-person)
fullōdīm (first-person past plural)
fullōdīd (past plural second-person)
fullōn (plural present third-person)
fullōdīn (past plural third-person)
fullō (present singular)
fullōþ (plural present)
fullōndī (participle present)
fullōd (participle past)

Old English: fullian

Middle English: fullen

Old Frisian: fullia

Old Saxon: fullōn

Old High German: follōn

Middle High German: follen

From Proto-Germanic *fullōną. Equivalent to *full (“full”) + *-ōn.


sainōn

sainōn (infinitive)
sainōnijas (genitive infinitive)
sainōnijē (dative infinitive)
sainōniju (infinitive instrumental)
sainō (first-person present singular)
sainōdā (first-person past singular)
sainōs (present second-person singular)
sainōdēs (past second-person singular)
sainōdōs (past second-person singular)
sainōþ (present singular third-person)
sainōdē (past singular third-person)
sainōdā (past singular third-person)
sainōm (first-person plural present)
sainōdum (first-person past plural)
sainōþ (plural present second-person)
sainōdud (past plural second-person)
sainōnþ (plural present third-person)
sainōdun (past plural third-person)
sainōdī (first-person past singular)
sainōdī (past second-person singular)
sainō (present singular third-person)
sainōdī (past singular third-person)
sainōdīm (first-person past plural)
sainōdīd (past plural second-person)
sainōn (plural present third-person)
sainōdīn (past plural third-person)
sainō (present singular)
sainōþ (plural present)
sainōndī (participle present)
sainōd (participle past)

Old English: sānian

Old High German: *sainōn

Middle High German: seinen

From Proto-Germanic *sainōną. Equivalent to *sain (“slow, slack”) + *-ōn.


skimōn

skimōn (infinitive)
skimōnijas (genitive infinitive)
skimōnijē (dative infinitive)
skimōniju (infinitive instrumental)
skimō (first-person present singular)
skimōdā (first-person past singular)
skimōs (present second-person singular)
skimōdēs (past second-person singular)
skimōdōs (past second-person singular)
skimōþ (present singular third-person)
skimōdē (past singular third-person)
skimōdā (past singular third-person)
skimōm (first-person plural present)
skimōdum (first-person past plural)
skimōþ (plural present second-person)
skimōdud (past plural second-person)
skimōnþ (plural present third-person)
skimōdun (past plural third-person)
skimōdī (first-person past singular)
skimōdī (past second-person singular)
skimō (present singular third-person)
skimōdī (past singular third-person)
skimōdīm (first-person past plural)
skimōdīd (past plural second-person)
skimōn (plural present third-person)
skimōdīn (past plural third-person)
skimō (present singular)
skimōþ (plural present)
skimōndī (participle present)
skimōd (participle past)

Old English: scimian

Old Saxon: *skimōn

Middle Low German: schēmen

Old Dutch: *skimon

Middle Dutch: schēmen

Old High German: *skimōn

Middle High German: schimen, schimmen

From Proto-Germanic *skimōną, equivalent to *skimō (“gleam, shadow”) + *-ōn.


banōn

banōn (infinitive)
banōnijas (genitive infinitive)
banōnijē (dative infinitive)
banōniju (infinitive instrumental)
banō (first-person present singular)
banōdā (first-person past singular)
banōs (present second-person singular)
banōdēs (past second-person singular)
banōdōs (past second-person singular)
banōþ (present singular third-person)
banōdē (past singular third-person)
banōdā (past singular third-person)
banōm (first-person plural present)
banōdum (first-person past plural)
banōþ (plural present second-person)
banōdud (past plural second-person)
banōnþ (plural present third-person)
banōdun (past plural third-person)
banōdī (first-person past singular)
banōdī (past second-person singular)
banō (present singular third-person)
banōdī (past singular third-person)
banōdīm (first-person past plural)
banōdīd (past plural second-person)
banōn (plural present third-person)
banōdīn (past plural third-person)
banō (present singular)
banōþ (plural present)
banōndī (participle present)
banōd (participle past)

Old English: *banian

Middle English: banen

English: bane

Old Frisian: bania

Old High German: banōn

From Proto-Germanic *banōną, equivalent to *banō (“murderer, killer, death”) + *-ōn.


banōn

Old Saxon: *banōn

Middle Low German: bānen

Old Dutch: *banon

Middle Dutch: bānen

Dutch: banen

Old High German: *banōn

Middle High German: banen

German: bahnen

From *banu (“a clearing, a path”) + *-ōn.


naudigōn

naudigōn (infinitive)
naudigōnijas (genitive infinitive)
naudigōnijē (dative infinitive)
naudigōniju (infinitive instrumental)
naudigō (first-person present singular)
naudigōdā (first-person past singular)
naudigōs (present second-person singular)
naudigōdēs (past second-person singular)
naudigōdōs (past second-person singular)
naudigōþ (present singular third-person)
naudigōdē (past singular third-person)
naudigōdā (past singular third-person)
naudigōm (first-person plural present)
naudigōdum (first-person past plural)
naudigōþ (plural present second-person)
naudigōdud (past plural second-person)
naudigōnþ (plural present third-person)
naudigōdun (past plural third-person)
naudigōdī (first-person past singular)
naudigōdī (past second-person singular)
naudigō (present singular third-person)
naudigōdī (past singular third-person)
naudigōdīm (first-person past plural)
naudigōdīd (past plural second-person)
naudigōn (plural present third-person)
naudigōdīn (past plural third-person)
naudigō (present singular)
naudigōþ (plural present)
naudigōndī (participle present)
naudigōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: nêdigia

West Frisian: noadzje, noegje, needzje

Old Saxon: *nōdigon

Middle Low German: nōdigen, nȫdigen

Old Dutch: *nōdigon

Middle Dutch: nôdigen

Dutch: nodigen (rare)

⇒ Dutch: uitnodigen

desc

Old High German: nōtagōn, nōtīgōn, nōtigōn

Middle High German: nōtigen

German: nötigen

From Proto-Germanic *naudigōną. Equivalent to *naudig (“wanted, needed”) + *-ōn.


askalauk

askalauk (nominative singular)
askalaukō (nominative plural)
askalaukōs (nominative plural)
askalauk (accusative singular)
askalaukā (accusative plural)
askalaukas (genitive singular)
askalaukō (genitive plural)
askalaukē (dative singular)
askalaukum (dative plural)
askalauku (instrumental singular)
askalaukum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: asklōk

Middle Low German: anslôk, aschlôk

Old Dutch: *asklōk

Middle Dutch: *aschlook

Dutch: eslook

Old High German: asklouh, asclouh

Middle High German: aschlouch, anschlouk

German: Aschlauch, Eschlauch (archaic)

Thought to be from *askā (“ash”) + *lauk (“leek”), a corruption of Late Latin escalōnia, ellipsis of Latin Ascalōnia (cēpa) (“(onion) of Ashkelon”).


kaukulārī

kaukulārī (nominative singular)
kaukulārijō (nominative plural)
kaukulārijōs (nominative plural)
kaukulārī (accusative singular)
kaukulārijā (accusative plural)
kaukulārijas (genitive singular)
kaukulārijō (genitive plural)
kaukulārijē (dative singular)
kaukulārijum (dative plural)
kaukulāriju (instrumental singular)
kaukulārijum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: ġēogolere, ġēogulere, ġēoglere
Middle English: ioglar, jogeler (partly)
English: juggler

desc

Old Saxon: kōkilāri, kākilari, kaklereri

Middle Low German: kö̂chelære, kö̂cheler, kochelere, kö̂kelēr, kö̂kelēre, kögeler, kêgeler, kâkeler, kakeler

German Low German: Köckler, Kockeler, Köckeler

→ Old Norse: koklari, kuklari

Old Dutch: *gokalari, *gogalari

Middle Dutch: gokelare, gogelare, gukelare

Dutch: goochelaar, gookelaar, gokeler (dialectal)

Old High German: gougalāri, goukalāri

Middle High German: goukeläre, gougeläre

German: Gaukler

Borrowed from Late Latin caucleārius (“sorcerer”), from Latin cauculus, caculus (“servant”). Convoluted with Latin ioculārius (“jester”).


klibrōn

klibrōn (infinitive)
klibrōnijas (genitive infinitive)
klibrōnijē (dative infinitive)
klibrōniju (infinitive instrumental)
klibrō (first-person present singular)
klibrōdā (first-person past singular)
klibrōs (present second-person singular)
klibrōdēs (past second-person singular)
klibrōdōs (past second-person singular)
klibrōþ (present singular third-person)
klibrōdē (past singular third-person)
klibrōdā (past singular third-person)
klibrōm (first-person plural present)
klibrōdum (first-person past plural)
klibrōþ (plural present second-person)
klibrōdud (past plural second-person)
klibrōnþ (plural present third-person)
klibrōdun (past plural third-person)
klibrōdī (first-person past singular)
klibrōdī (past second-person singular)
klibrō (present singular third-person)
klibrōdī (past singular third-person)
klibrōdīm (first-person past plural)
klibrōdīd (past plural second-person)
klibrōn (plural present third-person)
klibrōdīn (past plural third-person)
klibrō (present singular)
klibrōþ (plural present)
klibrōndī (participle present)
klibrōd (participle past)

Old English: clifrian

Old High German: *klebarōn

Middle High German: kleberen

From Proto-Germanic *klibrōną. Equivalent to *klibēn (“to cling”) + *-rōn (frequentative suffix).


fāgōn

fāgōn (infinitive)
fāgōnijas (genitive infinitive)
fāgōnijē (dative infinitive)
fāgōniju (infinitive instrumental)
fāgō (first-person present singular)
fāgōdā (first-person past singular)
fāgōs (present second-person singular)
fāgōdēs (past second-person singular)
fāgōdōs (past second-person singular)
fāgōþ (present singular third-person)
fāgōdē (past singular third-person)
fāgōdā (past singular third-person)
fāgōm (first-person plural present)
fāgōdum (first-person past plural)
fāgōþ (plural present second-person)
fāgōdud (past plural second-person)
fāgōnþ (plural present third-person)
fāgōdun (past plural third-person)
fāgōdī (first-person past singular)
fāgōdī (past second-person singular)
fāgō (present singular third-person)
fāgōdī (past singular third-person)
fāgōdīm (first-person past plural)
fāgōdīd (past plural second-person)
fāgōn (plural present third-person)
fāgōdīn (past plural third-person)
fāgō (present singular)
fāgōþ (plural present)
fāgōndī (participle present)
fāgōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: fēgia

West Frisian: feie, fege

Old Saxon: *fāgōn

Middle Low German: vāgen

Old Dutch: *fāgon

Middle Dutch: vâgen

Dutch: vagen


forþōn

forþōn (infinitive)
forþōnijas (genitive infinitive)
forþōnijē (dative infinitive)
forþōniju (infinitive instrumental)
forþō (first-person present singular)
forþōdā (first-person past singular)
forþōs (present second-person singular)
forþōdēs (past second-person singular)
forþōdōs (past second-person singular)
forþōþ (present singular third-person)
forþōdē (past singular third-person)
forþōdā (past singular third-person)
forþōm (first-person plural present)
forþōdum (first-person past plural)
forþōþ (plural present second-person)
forþōdud (past plural second-person)
forþōnþ (plural present third-person)
forþōdun (past plural third-person)
forþōdī (first-person past singular)
forþōdī (past second-person singular)
forþō (present singular third-person)
forþōdī (past singular third-person)
forþōdīm (first-person past plural)
forþōdīd (past plural second-person)
forþōn (plural present third-person)
forþōdīn (past plural third-person)
forþō (present singular)
forþōþ (plural present)
forþōndī (participle present)
forþōd (participle past)

Old English: forþian

Old Saxon: *forþōn

Middle Low German: vōrden

Old Dutch: *forþon

Middle Dutch: vorden, voorden

From Proto-Germanic *furþōną. Equivalent to *forþ (“forward”) + *-ōn.


kwakōn

kwakōn (infinitive)
kwakōnijas (genitive infinitive)
kwakōnijē (dative infinitive)
kwakōniju (infinitive instrumental)
kwakō (first-person present singular)
kwakōdā (first-person past singular)
kwakōs (present second-person singular)
kwakōdēs (past second-person singular)
kwakōdōs (past second-person singular)
kwakōþ (present singular third-person)
kwakōdē (past singular third-person)
kwakōdā (past singular third-person)
kwakōm (first-person plural present)
kwakōdum (first-person past plural)
kwakōþ (plural present second-person)
kwakōdud (past plural second-person)
kwakōnþ (plural present third-person)
kwakōdun (past plural third-person)
kwakōdī (first-person past singular)
kwakōdī (past second-person singular)
kwakō (present singular third-person)
kwakōdī (past singular third-person)
kwakōdīm (first-person past plural)
kwakōdīd (past plural second-person)
kwakōn (plural present third-person)
kwakōdīn (past plural third-person)
kwakō (present singular)
kwakōþ (plural present)
kwakōndī (participle present)
kwakōd (participle past)

Old English: *cwacian, *cwæcian

gl

merged with Middle Dutch <i class="Latn mention" lang="dum">quacken</i>

Middle English: *quacken, queken (merged with Middle Dutch quacken)

English: quack

Old Frisian: *quakia

West Frisian: kweakje, kwaakje

Saterland Frisian: kwaokje, kwaakje

desc

Old Saxon: *kwakōn, *kwakkōn, *quakōn, *quakkōn

Middle Low German: quāken, quacken

German Low German: quarken

→ German: quaken, quacken

Old Dutch: *quakon, *quakkon

Middle Dutch: quaken, quakken

Dutch: kwaken, kwakken, kwekken


fegōn

fegōn (infinitive)
fegōnijas (genitive infinitive)
fegōnijē (dative infinitive)
fegōniju (infinitive instrumental)
fegō (first-person present singular)
fegōdā (first-person past singular)
fegōs (present second-person singular)
fegōdēs (past second-person singular)
fegōdōs (past second-person singular)
fegōþ (present singular third-person)
fegōdē (past singular third-person)
fegōdā (past singular third-person)
fegōm (first-person plural present)
fegōdum (first-person past plural)
fegōþ (plural present second-person)
fegōdud (past plural second-person)
fegōnþ (plural present third-person)
fegōdun (past plural third-person)
fegōdī (first-person past singular)
fegōdī (past second-person singular)
fegō (present singular third-person)
fegōdī (past singular third-person)
fegōdīm (first-person past plural)
fegōdīd (past plural second-person)
fegōn (plural present third-person)
fegōdīn (past plural third-person)
fegō (present singular)
fegōþ (plural present)
fegōndī (participle present)
fegōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: fegōn

Middle Low German: vēgen

German Low German: fegen

→ English: feague, feak

⇒ English: fake

→ Saterland Frisian: feegje

→ Danish: feje

→ Swedish: feja

Old Dutch: *fegon

Middle Dutch: vēgen

Dutch: vegen

→ West Frisian: fege, feie

Old High German: fegōn

Middle High German: vegen

German: fegen

An ablaut variant of Proto-West Germanic *fāgōn, could go back to a hypothetical Proto-Germanic *fegōną, but is only attested in West-Germanic.


graipōn

graipōn (infinitive)
graipōnijas (genitive infinitive)
graipōnijē (dative infinitive)
graipōniju (infinitive instrumental)
graipō (first-person present singular)
graipōdā (first-person past singular)
graipōs (present second-person singular)
graipōdēs (past second-person singular)
graipōdōs (past second-person singular)
graipōþ (present singular third-person)
graipōdē (past singular third-person)
graipōdā (past singular third-person)
graipōm (first-person plural present)
graipōdum (first-person past plural)
graipōþ (plural present second-person)
graipōdud (past plural second-person)
graipōnþ (plural present third-person)
graipōdun (past plural third-person)
graipōdī (first-person past singular)
graipōdī (past second-person singular)
graipō (present singular third-person)
graipōdī (past singular third-person)
graipōdīm (first-person past plural)
graipōdīd (past plural second-person)
graipōn (plural present third-person)
graipōdīn (past plural third-person)
graipō (present singular)
graipōþ (plural present)
graipōndī (participle present)
graipōd (participle past)

Old English: grāpian

Middle English: gropen

English: grope

Old High German: greifōn

Middle High German: greifen