sailijan

sailijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
sailijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
sailijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
sailijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
sailiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
sailidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sailisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
sailidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sailidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sailiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
sailidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sailidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sailijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
sailidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sailiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
sailidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
sailijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
sailidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sailijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
sailidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sailijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
sailidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sailijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
sailidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sailijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
sailidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sailijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
sailidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
sailijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
sailidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
saili (class-1 present singular weak)
sailiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
sailijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
sailid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: sǣlan
English: seal

Old Frisian: sēla

Old Saxon: *sēlian

Middle Low German: sêlen

⇒ Old Saxon: andsēlian

Old Dutch: *selen, *seilen

Middle Dutch: selen, seilen

Dutch: zelen

Old High German: *seilen

Middle High German: seilen

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *sailijaną. Equivalent to *sail (“rope”) + *-jan.


tōmijan

tōmijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
tōmijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
tōmijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
tōmijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
tōmiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tōmidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tōmisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tōmidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tōmidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tōmiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tōmidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tōmidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tōmijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tōmidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tōmiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tōmidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tōmijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tōmidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tōmijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tōmidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tōmijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tōmidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tōmijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tōmidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tōmijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tōmidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tōmijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tōmidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tōmijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tōmidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tōmi (class-1 present singular weak)
tōmiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
tōmijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
tōmid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Frisian: tēma

Old Saxon: tōmian

⇒ Old Saxon: ātōmian

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *tōmijaną. Equivalent to *tōm (“empty”) + *-jan.


turbijan

turbijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
turbijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
turbijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
turbijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
turbiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
turbidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
turbisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
turbidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
turbidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
turbiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
turbidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
turbidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
turbijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
turbidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
turbiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
turbidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
turbijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
turbidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
turbijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
turbidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
turbijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
turbidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
turbijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
turbidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
turbijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
turbidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
turbijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
turbidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
turbijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
turbidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
turbi (class-1 present singular weak)
turbiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
turbijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
turbid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *tyrfan

⇒ Old English: getyrfan

desc

>? Middle English: tirven, terven, tyrven, tirfen

Old Dutch: *turven

Middle Dutch: turven, torven

Dutch: turven

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *turbijaną. Equivalent to *turb (“peat”) + *-jan.


wammijan

wammijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
wammijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
wammijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
wammijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
wammiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wammidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wammisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wammidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wammidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wammiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wammidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wammidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wammijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wammidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wammiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wammidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wammijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wammidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wammijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wammidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wammijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wammidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wammijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wammidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wammijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wammidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wammijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wammidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wammijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wammidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wammi (class-1 present singular weak)
wammiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
wammijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
wammid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: wemman

Middle English: wemmen

Scots: wem

English: wem

Old Frisian: wemma

Old Saxon: wemmian

>? Middle Low German: wemmen

Old High German: *wemmen

>? Middle High German: wimmen, wimen

⇒ Old High German: giwemmit (“stained, spotted, flecked”, ppt)

⇒ Old High German: wemmāri (“corruptor”)

⇒ Old High German: biwemmen

⇒ Old High German: giwemman)

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *wammijaną. Equivalent to *wamm (“stain”) + *-jan.


fulkijan

fulkijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
fulkijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
fulkijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
fulkijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
fulkiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fulkidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fulkisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fulkidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fulkidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fulkiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fulkidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fulkidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fulkijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fulkidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fulkiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fulkidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fulkijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fulkidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fulkijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fulkidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fulkijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fulkidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fulkijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fulkidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fulkijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fulkidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fulkijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fulkidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fulkijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fulkidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fulki (class-1 present singular weak)
fulkiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
fulkijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
fulkid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: fylċan (attested as ġefylċed (ppt))

>? Middle English: filchen

English: filch

Scots: filsh

Old High German: fulken

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *fulkijaną. Equivalent to *folk (“people, tribe”) + *-jan.


wannjan

wannjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
wannjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
wannjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
wannjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
wannju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wanidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wanisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wanidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wanidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
waniþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wanidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wanidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wannjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wanidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
waniþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wanidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wannjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wanidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wannjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wanidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wannjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wanidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wannjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wanidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wannjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wanidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wannjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wanidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wannjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wanidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wani (class-1 present singular weak)
waniþ (class-1 plural present weak)
wannjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
wanid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: wenian, wennan
Middle English: wenen
English: wean
Scots: wain

desc

Old Frisian: wena, wenia, wennia, winnia

>? Saterland Frisian: woane

West Frisian: wenne

desctree

Old Saxon: wennian
Middle Low German: wennen, wenen, wēnen
German Low German: wennen

Old Dutch: *wennen

Middle Dutch: wennen

Dutch: wennen

Afrikaans: wen

Old High German: wenian, wennan


gamainijan

gamainijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
gamainijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
gamainijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
gamainijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
gamainiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
gamainidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
gamainisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
gamainidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
gamainidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
gamainiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
gamainidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
gamainidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
gamainijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
gamainidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
gamainiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
gamainidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
gamainijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
gamainidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
gamainijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
gamainidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
gamainijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
gamainidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
gamainijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
gamainidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
gamainijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
gamainidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
gamainijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
gamainidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
gamainijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
gamainidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
gamaini (class-1 present singular weak)
gamainiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
gamainijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
gamainid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: gimēnian

Middle Low German: gemēnen

Old Dutch: gimeinen, *gimēnen

Middle Dutch: gemeinen, gemênen

Old High German: *gimeinen

Middle High German: gemeinen

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *gamainijaną. Equivalent to *gamainī (“common”) + *-jan.


gamainijan

Old English: gemǣnan

Old Saxon: gimēnian

Old Dutch: *gimeinen, *gimēnen

Middle Dutch: gemeinen, gemênen

Dutch: gemenen (obsolete)

Old High German: gimeinen

Middle High German: gemeinen

Dervied from *ga- + *mainijan (“to intend”).


mulljan

mulljan (class-1 infinitive weak)
mulljannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
mulljannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
mulljannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
mullju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
muldā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
mulisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
muldēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
muldōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
muliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
muldē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
muldā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
mulljum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
muldum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
muliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
muldud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
mulljanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
muldun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
mulljē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
muldī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
mulljēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
muldī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
mulljē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
muldī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
mulljēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
muldīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
mulljēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
muldīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
mulljēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
muldīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
muli (class-1 present singular weak)
muliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
mulljandī (class-1 participle present weak)
muld (class-1 participle past weak)

Old High German: mullen

Middle High German: müllen

German: mühlen


ringijan

ringijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
ringijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
ringijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
ringijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
ringiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
ringidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
ringisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
ringidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
ringidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
ringiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
ringidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
ringidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
ringijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
ringidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
ringiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
ringidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
ringijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
ringidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
ringijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
ringidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
ringijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
ringidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
ringijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
ringidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
ringijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
ringidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
ringijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
ringidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
ringijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
ringidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
ringi (class-1 present singular weak)
ringiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
ringijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
ringid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *ringian

Middle Low German: ringen

Old High German: *ringen

Middle High German: ringen

⇒ Old High German: giringen

Derived from *ring (“light, quick”) + *-jan.


smukkjan

smukkjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
smukkjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
smukkjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
smukkjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
smukkju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
smukidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
smukisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
smukidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
smukidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
smukiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
smukidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
smukidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
smukkjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
smukidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
smukiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
smukidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
smukkjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
smukidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
smukkjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
smukidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
smukkjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
smukidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
smukkjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
smukidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
smukkjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
smukidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
smukkjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
smukidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
smukkjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
smukidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
smuki (class-1 present singular weak)
smukiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
smukkjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
smukid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *smukkian

Middle Low German: smücken

Old Dutch: *smukken

Middle Dutch: smucken

Old High German: *smukken

Middle High German: smücken

⇒ Old High German: firsmukken

Possibly related to the strong verb *smeugan and iterative verb *smokkōn.


skīrijan

skīrijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
skīrijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
skīrijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
skīrijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
skīriju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skīridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skīrisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skīridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skīridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skīriþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skīridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skīridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skīrijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skīridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skīriþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skīridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skīrijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skīridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skīrijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skīridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skīrijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skīridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skīrijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skīridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skīrijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skīridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skīrijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skīridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skīrijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skīridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skīri (class-1 present singular weak)
skīriþ (class-1 plural present weak)
skīrijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
skīrid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: sċīran

Middle English: schiren

Old Frisian: *skīra, skīria (the latter from *skīrōn)

⇒ Old Frisian: biskīra

Old Saxon: *skīrian

Middle Low German: schīren

Old Dutch: *scīren

Middle Dutch: schiren

Dutch: schieren

Old High German: *skieren

Middle High German: schīren

⇒ Old High German: giskieren

⇒ Old High German: inskieren

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *skīrijaną. Equivalent to *skīrī (“pure, clear”) + *-jan.


sneumō

Old English: snēome, snīome

Old Saxon: sniumo

Old Dutch: sniumo

Old High German: sniumo

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *sneumô; equivalent to *sniumī (“quick”) + *-ō (adverbial suffix).


hradō

desctree

Old English: hraþe, hraðe, hræþe, hræðe, hreðe, raðe, raþe, ræðe, ræþe
Middle English: rathe, rade, rath, raþ, raþe, rauth, hraþe, hraþa, raðæ, raðe, ræðe, ræðen, reaðe, reðe (Early Middle English)
English: rathe, rath (obsolete)
Middle Scots: rathe, rath

⇒ Old English: hraþor
Middle English: rathere, rathar, rathir, rathur, rathre, rether, ræðer, hraþar, reaðere, redþer, rader, radder, radir, ratherne, raþeren (Early Middle English)
English: rather
Scots: rather
Yola: rether

Old Saxon: *hratho

Middle Low German: rade

German Low German: radd, ratt

desc

Old High German: hrado, hrato, rado, rato

Middle High German: rade

⇒ Old High German: girado

Middle High German: gerade, gerat

Alemannic German: grad

Bavarian: grad, grod, grood

German: gerade (colloquial gerad, grad)

Luxembourgish: grad

Yiddish: גראַד (grad), גראַדע (grade)

From *hrad (“quick”) + *-ō (adverbial suffix).


falgijan

falgijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
falgijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
falgijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
falgijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
falgiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
falgidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
falgisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
falgidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
falgidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
falgiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
falgidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
falgidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
falgijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
falgidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
falgiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
falgidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
falgijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
falgidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
falgijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
falgidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
falgijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
falgidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
falgijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
falgidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
falgijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
falgidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
falgijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
falgidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
falgijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
falgidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
falgi (class-1 present singular weak)
falgiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
falgijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
falgid (class-1 participle past weak)

desc

Old English: *felġan, *fielġan, *fælġan, *fylġan

Middle English: *felien

English: felly (dialectal)

Scots: fellae, felly, filla

⇒ Old English: fælging, fylging

Old Saxon: felgian

Middle Low German: velgen

Old Dutch: *felgen

Middle Dutch: velgen

Dutch: velgen

Old High German: felgen, falgen

Middle High German: velgen

German: felgen


leubu

leubu (nominative singular)
leubō (nominative plural)
leubā (accusative singular)
leubā (accusative plural)
leubā (genitive singular)
leubō (genitive plural)
leubē (dative singular)
leubōm (dative plural)
leubum (dative plural)
leubu (instrumental singular)
leubōm (instrumental plural)
leubum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: liāve

Saterland Frisian: Ljoowe

Old Saxon: *liova

Middle Low German: lêve, lîve

German Low German: Leev

Old Dutch: *liova, *lieva

Middle Dutch: lieve

Old High German: lioba

Middle High German: liebe

German: Liebe


sangwōn

sangwōn (infinitive)
sangwōnijas (genitive infinitive)
sangwōnijē (dative infinitive)
sangwōniju (infinitive instrumental)
sangwō (first-person present singular)
sangwōdā (first-person past singular)
sangwōs (present second-person singular)
sangwōdēs (past second-person singular)
sangwōdōs (past second-person singular)
sangwōþ (present singular third-person)
sangwōdē (past singular third-person)
sangwōdā (past singular third-person)
sangwōm (first-person plural present)
sangwōdum (first-person past plural)
sangwōþ (plural present second-person)
sangwōdud (past plural second-person)
sangwōnþ (plural present third-person)
sangwōdun (past plural third-person)
sangwōdī (first-person past singular)
sangwōdī (past second-person singular)
sangwō (present singular third-person)
sangwōdī (past singular third-person)
sangwōdīm (first-person past plural)
sangwōdīd (past plural second-person)
sangwōn (plural present third-person)
sangwōdīn (past plural third-person)
sangwō (present singular)
sangwōþ (plural present)
sangwōndī (participle present)
sangwōd (participle past)

Old Dutch: sangon

Old High German: sangōn (only in compounds)

Middle High German: sangen


mātōn

mātōn (infinitive)
mātōnijas (genitive infinitive)
mātōnijē (dative infinitive)
mātōniju (infinitive instrumental)
mātō (first-person present singular)
mātōdā (first-person past singular)
mātōs (present second-person singular)
mātōdēs (past second-person singular)
mātōdōs (past second-person singular)
mātōþ (present singular third-person)
mātōdē (past singular third-person)
mātōdā (past singular third-person)
mātōm (first-person plural present)
mātōdum (first-person past plural)
mātōþ (plural present second-person)
mātōdud (past plural second-person)
mātōnþ (plural present third-person)
mātōdun (past plural third-person)
mātōdī (first-person past singular)
mātōdī (past second-person singular)
mātō (present singular third-person)
mātōdī (past singular third-person)
mātōdīm (first-person past plural)
mātōdīd (past plural second-person)
mātōn (plural present third-person)
mātōdīn (past plural third-person)
mātō (present singular)
mātōþ (plural present)
mātōndī (participle present)
mātōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *māton

Middle Low German: mâten

Old Dutch: māton

Middle Dutch: mâten

Dutch: maten (obsolete)

Old High German: māzōn

Middle High German: māzen


sālīgōn

sālīgōn (infinitive)
sālīgōnijas (genitive infinitive)
sālīgōnijē (dative infinitive)
sālīgōniju (infinitive instrumental)
sālīgō (first-person present singular)
sālīgōdā (first-person past singular)
sālīgōs (present second-person singular)
sālīgōdēs (past second-person singular)
sālīgōdōs (past second-person singular)
sālīgōþ (present singular third-person)
sālīgōdē (past singular third-person)
sālīgōdā (past singular third-person)
sālīgōm (first-person plural present)
sālīgōdum (first-person past plural)
sālīgōþ (plural present second-person)
sālīgōdud (past plural second-person)
sālīgōnþ (plural present third-person)
sālīgōdun (past plural third-person)
sālīgōdī (first-person past singular)
sālīgōdī (past second-person singular)
sālīgō (present singular third-person)
sālīgōdī (past singular third-person)
sālīgōdīm (first-person past plural)
sālīgōdīd (past plural second-person)
sālīgōn (plural present third-person)
sālīgōdīn (past plural third-person)
sālīgō (present singular)
sālīgōþ (plural present)
sālīgōndī (participle present)
sālīgōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: *sēligia, *sīligia

West Frisian: silgje, silligje

Old Saxon: *sāligōn

Middle Low German: sāligen, sālichen, sēligen

Old Dutch: *sāligon

Middle Dutch: sâligen, sêligen

Dutch: zaligen

Old High German: sālīgōn

Middle High German: sæligen, sælegen, sālegen, sælgen

German: seligen


krukkju

krukkju (nominative singular)
krukkjō (nominative plural)
krukkjā (accusative singular)
krukkjā (accusative plural)
krukkjā (genitive singular)
krukkjō (genitive plural)
krukkjē (dative singular)
krukkjōm (dative plural)
krukkjum (dative plural)
krukkju (instrumental singular)
krukkjōm (instrumental plural)
krukkjum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: cryċċ, criċċ, cryċ
Middle English: crucche, croch, croche, crouch, cruche
English: crutch
Scots: crutch

Old Frisian: *krukk, *krekk, *krek

Saterland Frisian: Krukke, Kruke (possibly from Low German)

West Frisian: kruk (possibly from Dutch)

Old Saxon: krukka

desc

Middle Low German: krucke, krocke, krücke

German Low German: Krück

Low German: krukke, Krükke, Krück

→ Danish: krykke

→ Old Swedish: krykkia

Swedish: krycka

→ Norwegian: krykke, krykkje

Old Dutch: *krukka

Middle Dutch: crucke, cricke, crocke

Dutch: kruk (see there for further descendants)

Old High German: krucka

Middle High German: krücke

Cimbrian: khrukha

German: Krücke

→ Latin: crucia, crucea, cruccia, crucca, croccia

Franco-Provençal: crosse, croche

Italo-Dalmatian

Italian: croccia (Tuscan and central dialects)

Neapolitan: croccia, corcia, crocia

Sicilian: crozza

Piedmontese: cròssa

Old French: crosse

Middle French: crosse

French: crosse
→ Portuguese: crossa

Old Occitan: cròça

Occitan: cròça

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *krukjō, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *grewg-.


fīrijōn

fīrijōn (infinitive)
fīrijōnijas (genitive infinitive)
fīrijōnijē (dative infinitive)
fīrijōniju (infinitive instrumental)
fīrijō (first-person present singular)
fīrijōdā (first-person past singular)
fīrijōs (present second-person singular)
fīrijōdēs (past second-person singular)
fīrijōdōs (past second-person singular)
fīrijōþ (present singular third-person)
fīrijōdē (past singular third-person)
fīrijōdā (past singular third-person)
fīrijōm (first-person plural present)
fīrijōdum (first-person past plural)
fīrijōþ (plural present second-person)
fīrijōdud (past plural second-person)
fīrijōnþ (plural present third-person)
fīrijōdun (past plural third-person)
fīrijōdī (first-person past singular)
fīrijōdī (past second-person singular)
fīrijō (present singular third-person)
fīrijōdī (past singular third-person)
fīrijōdīm (first-person past plural)
fīrijōdīd (past plural second-person)
fīrijōn (plural present third-person)
fīrijōdīn (past plural third-person)
fīrijō (present singular)
fīrijōþ (plural present)
fīrijōndī (participle present)
fīrijōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: fīria

Saterland Frisian: fíerje

West Frisian: fiere, fierje

Old Saxon: fīrion

Middle Low German: vîren

German Low German: fieren

desctree

Old Dutch: fīron
Middle Dutch: vieren
Dutch: vieren
Limburgish: vere, vieëre
→ English: veer

Old High German: fīrōn, fīrrōn

desc

Middle High German: vīren, vīeren, vīgeren, vīgern, virren, fīren

German: feiern

Borrowed from Latin fērior (“to rest from work”), and/or from related *fīrijā, *firjā (“celebration”) + *-ōn.


uʀstummēn

uʀstummēn (infinitive)
uʀstummēnijas (genitive infinitive)
uʀstummēnijē (dative infinitive)
uʀstummēniju (infinitive instrumental)
uʀstummē (first-person present singular)
uʀstumm?dā (first-person past singular)
uʀstummēs (present second-person singular)
uʀstumm?dēs (past second-person singular)
uʀstummēþ (present singular third-person)
uʀstumm?dē (past singular third-person)
uʀstumm?dā (past singular third-person)
uʀstummēm (first-person plural present)
uʀstumm?dum (first-person past plural)
uʀstummēþ (plural present second-person)
uʀstumm?dud (past plural second-person)
uʀstummēnþ (plural present third-person)
uʀstumm?dun (past plural third-person)
uʀstumm?dī (first-person past singular)
uʀstumm?dī (past second-person singular)
uʀstummē (present singular third-person)
uʀstumm?dī (past singular third-person)
uʀstumm?dīm (first-person past plural)
uʀstumm?dīd (past plural second-person)
uʀstummēn (plural present third-person)
uʀstumm?dīn (past plural third-person)
uʀstummē (present singular)
uʀstummēþ (plural present)
uʀstummēndī (participle present)
uʀstumm?d (participle past)

Old Saxon: *āstummōn

Middle Low German: erstummen

desctree

Old Dutch: *irstummon
Middle Dutch: erstommen

Old High German: irstummēn

Middle High German: erstummen


stummēn

stummēn (infinitive)
stummēnijas (genitive infinitive)
stummēnijē (dative infinitive)
stummēniju (infinitive instrumental)
stummē (first-person present singular)
stumm?dā (first-person past singular)
stummēs (present second-person singular)
stumm?dēs (past second-person singular)
stummēþ (present singular third-person)
stumm?dē (past singular third-person)
stumm?dā (past singular third-person)
stummēm (first-person plural present)
stumm?dum (first-person past plural)
stummēþ (plural present second-person)
stumm?dud (past plural second-person)
stummēnþ (plural present third-person)
stumm?dun (past plural third-person)
stumm?dī (first-person past singular)
stumm?dī (past second-person singular)
stummē (present singular third-person)
stumm?dī (past singular third-person)
stumm?dīm (first-person past plural)
stumm?dīd (past plural second-person)
stummēn (plural present third-person)
stumm?dīn (past plural third-person)
stummē (present singular)
stummēþ (plural present)
stummēndī (participle present)
stumm?d (participle past)

Old Saxon: *stummōn

Middle Low German: stummen

Old High German: *stummēn

Middle High German: stummen


dumbēn

dumbēn (infinitive)
dumbēnijas (genitive infinitive)
dumbēnijē (dative infinitive)
dumbēniju (infinitive instrumental)
dumbē (first-person present singular)
dumb?dā (first-person past singular)
dumbēs (present second-person singular)
dumb?dēs (past second-person singular)
dumbēþ (present singular third-person)
dumb?dē (past singular third-person)
dumb?dā (past singular third-person)
dumbēm (first-person plural present)
dumb?dum (first-person past plural)
dumbēþ (plural present second-person)
dumb?dud (past plural second-person)
dumbēnþ (plural present third-person)
dumb?dun (past plural third-person)
dumb?dī (first-person past singular)
dumb?dī (past second-person singular)
dumbē (present singular third-person)
dumb?dī (past singular third-person)
dumb?dīm (first-person past plural)
dumb?dīd (past plural second-person)
dumbēn (plural present third-person)
dumb?dīn (past plural third-person)
dumbē (present singular)
dumbēþ (plural present)
dumbēndī (participle present)
dumb?d (participle past)

Old English: *dumbian

Middle English: dumben, doumben
English: dumb

⇒ Old English: ādumbian

Old Dutch: *dummon
Middle Dutch: dommen

Old High German: tumbēn, tumbōn

Middle High German: tumben, tummen


swiftēn

swiftēn (infinitive)
swiftēnijas (genitive infinitive)
swiftēnijē (dative infinitive)
swiftēniju (infinitive instrumental)
swiftē (first-person present singular)
swift?dā (first-person past singular)
swiftēs (present second-person singular)
swift?dēs (past second-person singular)
swiftēþ (present singular third-person)
swift?dē (past singular third-person)
swift?dā (past singular third-person)
swiftēm (first-person plural present)
swift?dum (first-person past plural)
swiftēþ (plural present second-person)
swift?dud (past plural second-person)
swiftēnþ (plural present third-person)
swift?dun (past plural third-person)
swift?dī (first-person past singular)
swift?dī (past second-person singular)
swiftē (present singular third-person)
swift?dī (past singular third-person)
swift?dīm (first-person past plural)
swift?dīd (past plural second-person)
swiftēn (plural present third-person)
swift?dīn (past plural third-person)
swiftē (present singular)
swiftēþ (plural present)
swiftēndī (participle present)
swift?d (participle past)

Old Frisian: *swiftia

West Frisian: swiftsje

Old Saxon: *swiftōn

Middle Low German: *swichten

⇒ Middle Low German: beswichten

Old Dutch: *swifton

Middle Dutch: swichten, swechten

Dutch: zwichten

→ West Frisian: swichtsje, swichte

Old High German: *swiftēn, *swiftōn

Middle High German: swiften

⇒ Old High German: giswiftēn, giswiftōn


galōn

galōn (infinitive)
galōnijas (genitive infinitive)
galōnijē (dative infinitive)
galōniju (infinitive instrumental)
galō (first-person present singular)
galōdā (first-person past singular)
galōs (present second-person singular)
galōdēs (past second-person singular)
galōdōs (past second-person singular)
galōþ (present singular third-person)
galōdē (past singular third-person)
galōdā (past singular third-person)
galōm (first-person plural present)
galōdum (first-person past plural)
galōþ (plural present second-person)
galōdud (past plural second-person)
galōnþ (plural present third-person)
galōdun (past plural third-person)
galōdī (first-person past singular)
galōdī (past second-person singular)
galō (present singular third-person)
galōdī (past singular third-person)
galōdīm (first-person past plural)
galōdīd (past plural second-person)
galōn (plural present third-person)
galōdīn (past plural third-person)
galō (present singular)
galōþ (plural present)
galōndī (participle present)
galōd (participle past)

Old Dutch: *galon

Middle Dutch: gālen (could also be a descendant of *galan)

⇒ Old Dutch: fargalon

Old High German: *galōn

⇒ Old High German: bigalōn

⇒ Old High German: firgalōn

Closely related to the strong verb *galan. Possibly derived from *galā (“singer”) + *-ōn.


haltōn

haltōn (infinitive)
haltōnijas (genitive infinitive)
haltōnijē (dative infinitive)
haltōniju (infinitive instrumental)
haltō (first-person present singular)
haltōdā (first-person past singular)
haltōs (present second-person singular)
haltōdēs (past second-person singular)
haltōdōs (past second-person singular)
haltōþ (present singular third-person)
haltōdē (past singular third-person)
haltōdā (past singular third-person)
haltōm (first-person plural present)
haltōdum (first-person past plural)
haltōþ (plural present second-person)
haltōdud (past plural second-person)
haltōnþ (plural present third-person)
haltōdun (past plural third-person)
haltōdī (first-person past singular)
haltōdī (past second-person singular)
haltō (present singular third-person)
haltōdī (past singular third-person)
haltōdīm (first-person past plural)
haltōdīd (past plural second-person)
haltōn (plural present third-person)
haltōdīn (past plural third-person)
haltō (present singular)
haltōþ (plural present)
haltōndī (participle present)
haltōd (participle past)

Old English: haltian, healtian

Middle English: halten

English: halt

Old Saxon: halton

Middle Low German: halten

Old Dutch: halton

Middle Dutch: houten, halten

Dutch: houten (obsolete)

Old High German: *halzōn

Middle High German: halzen


waldōn

waldōn (infinitive)
waldōnijas (genitive infinitive)
waldōnijē (dative infinitive)
waldōniju (infinitive instrumental)
waldō (first-person present singular)
waldōdā (first-person past singular)
waldōs (present second-person singular)
waldōdēs (past second-person singular)
waldōdōs (past second-person singular)
waldōþ (present singular third-person)
waldōdē (past singular third-person)
waldōdā (past singular third-person)
waldōm (first-person plural present)
waldōdum (first-person past plural)
waldōþ (plural present second-person)
waldōdud (past plural second-person)
waldōnþ (plural present third-person)
waldōdun (past plural third-person)
waldōdī (first-person past singular)
waldōdī (past second-person singular)
waldō (present singular third-person)
waldōdī (past singular third-person)
waldōdīm (first-person past plural)
waldōdīd (past plural second-person)
waldōn (plural present third-person)
waldōdīn (past plural third-person)
waldō (present singular)
waldōþ (plural present)
waldōndī (participle present)
waldōd (participle past)

Old English: wealdian

Middle English: welden, weld, welde, weldon, wielde, wild, wilde, wold, wolde, wolden, weld, welde, weild, weilde, veild (northwest Midlands), weild, weilde, veild, wald, walde (Northern), walden, wælden (early southwest Midlands), wald, walde, wealde, wealden, uelden (Early Middle English)
English: wield, English: wald
Scots: wield, Scots: wald

Old Saxon: waldon

Middle Low German: wālden, wolden

Old Dutch: *waldon

desc

Middle Dutch: walden, wouden, wouwen (weak verb)

Old High German: *waltōn

Middle High German: walten, walden (weak verb)

German: walten

→ Danish: valte

Closely related to the strong verb *waldan. Likely derived from *wald (“might, authority”) + *-ōn.


hnakkō

hnakkō (nominative singular)
hnakkan (nominative plural)
hnakkan (accusative singular)
hnakkan (accusative plural)
hnakkini (genitive singular)
hnakkan (genitive singular)
hnakkanō (genitive plural)
hnakkini (dative singular)
hnakkan (dative singular)
hnakkum (dative plural)
hnakkini (instrumental singular)
hnakkan (instrumental singular)
hnakkum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: *hnæcca, hnecca
Middle English: nekke, nake, nec, necke, nek, neke, nhicke, nykke (Kent)
English: neck
Scots: neck
Yola: neckarès (plural)

Old Frisian: hnekka, nekke

North Frisian: neek, neeke, Nak

Saterland Frisian: Näcke, Näkke

West Frisian: nekke

Old Saxon: *hnakko, *hnekko

Middle Low German: nacke, nëcke

German Low German: Nacke, Nack

Low German: nakke

Plautdietsch: Jenekj (?)

Old Dutch: *nakko, nekko

desc

Middle Dutch: nacke, nac, necke, nack, neck, nick

Dutch: nek

Afrikaans: nek

Limburgish: nak

Old High German: *hnahho, hnach-, hnacch-, hnac, nach, nac, nak

Middle High German: knac, nacke, nac

German: Nacken

Vilamovian: naoka

Yiddish: נאַקן (nakn)

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *hnakkô, from Proto-Indo-European *kneg-.


fų̄htēn

fų̄htēn (infinitive)
fų̄htēnijas (genitive infinitive)
fų̄htēnijē (dative infinitive)
fų̄htēniju (infinitive instrumental)
fų̄htē (first-person present singular)
fų̄ht?dā (first-person past singular)
fų̄htēs (present second-person singular)
fų̄ht?dēs (past second-person singular)
fų̄htēþ (present singular third-person)
fų̄ht?dē (past singular third-person)
fų̄ht?dā (past singular third-person)
fų̄htēm (first-person plural present)
fų̄ht?dum (first-person past plural)
fų̄htēþ (plural present second-person)
fų̄ht?dud (past plural second-person)
fų̄htēnþ (plural present third-person)
fų̄ht?dun (past plural third-person)
fų̄ht?dī (first-person past singular)
fų̄ht?dī (past second-person singular)
fų̄htē (present singular third-person)
fų̄ht?dī (past singular third-person)
fų̄ht?dīm (first-person past plural)
fų̄ht?dīd (past plural second-person)
fų̄htēn (plural present third-person)
fų̄ht?dīn (past plural third-person)
fų̄htē (present singular)
fų̄htēþ (plural present)
fų̄htēndī (participle present)
fų̄ht?d (participle past)

Old Frisian: *fūhtia

Saterland Frisian: fuchtje

West Frisian: fochtsje (in befochtsje)

Old Saxon: fūhton

Middle Low German: vuchten

German Low German: fuchten

desctree

Old Dutch: *fūhton
Middle Dutch: vuchten, vochten
Dutch: vochten

Old High German: fūhtēn

Middle High German: vūhten, fūhten


bittrōn

bittrōn (infinitive)
bittrōnijas (genitive infinitive)
bittrōnijē (dative infinitive)
bittrōniju (infinitive instrumental)
bittrō (first-person present singular)
bittrōdā (first-person past singular)
bittrōs (present second-person singular)
bittrōdēs (past second-person singular)
bittrōdōs (past second-person singular)
bittrōþ (present singular third-person)
bittrōdē (past singular third-person)
bittrōdā (past singular third-person)
bittrōm (first-person plural present)
bittrōdum (first-person past plural)
bittrōþ (plural present second-person)
bittrōdud (past plural second-person)
bittrōnþ (plural present third-person)
bittrōdun (past plural third-person)
bittrōdī (first-person past singular)
bittrōdī (past second-person singular)
bittrō (present singular third-person)
bittrōdī (past singular third-person)
bittrōdīm (first-person past plural)
bittrōdīd (past plural second-person)
bittrōn (plural present third-person)
bittrōdīn (past plural third-person)
bittrō (present singular)
bittrōþ (plural present)
bittrōndī (participle present)
bittrōd (participle past)

Old English: biterian, bitrian

Middle English: bitteren, bittren

English: bitter

Old Frisian: *bitria

West Frisian: bitterje

Old Saxon: bittron

Middle Low German: bitteren

Old Dutch: *bitteron

Middle Dutch: bitteren

Dutch: bitteren

Old High German: bittarōn

Middle High German: bitteren, bittern

German: bittern


ungrōnī

ungrōnī (masculine nominative singular)
ungrōniju (feminine nominative singular)
ungrōnī (neuter nominative singular)
ungrōnijanā (accusative masculine singular)
ungrōnijā (accusative feminine singular)
ungrōnī (accusative neuter singular)
ungrōnijas (genitive masculine singular)
ungrōnijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
ungrōnijas (genitive neuter singular)
ungrōnijumē (dative masculine singular)
ungrōnijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
ungrōnijumē (dative neuter singular)
ungrōniju (instrumental masculine singular)
ungrōnijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
ungrōniju (instrumental neuter singular)
ungrōnijē (masculine nominative plural)
ungrōnijō (feminine nominative plural)
ungrōniju (neuter nominative plural)
ungrōnijā (accusative masculine plural)
ungrōnijā (accusative feminine plural)
ungrōniju (accusative neuter plural)
ungrōnijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
ungrōnijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
ungrōnijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
ungrōnijēm (dative masculine plural)
ungrōnijum (dative masculine plural)
ungrōnijēm (dative feminine plural)
ungrōnijum (dative feminine plural)
ungrōnijēm (dative neuter plural)
ungrōnijum (dative neuter plural)
ungrōnijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
ungrōnijum (instrumental masculine plural)
ungrōnijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
ungrōnijum (feminine instrumental plural)
ungrōnijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
ungrōnijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: ungrēne

Middle English: ungrene

English: ungreen

Old Frisian: *ungrēne

West Frisian: ûngrien

Old Dutch: *ungrōni

Middle Dutch: *ongroene, *ongrune

>? Dutch: ongroen (potentially a new formation)

Old High German: *ungruoni

Middle High German: ungrüene

German: ungrün


smiril

smiril (nominative singular)
smirilō (nominative plural)
smirilōs (nominative plural)
smiril (accusative singular)
smirilā (accusative plural)
smirilas (genitive singular)
smirilō (genitive plural)
smirilē (dative singular)
smirilum (dative plural)
smirilu (instrumental singular)
smirilum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *smiril

Middle Low German: smerl

Old Dutch: *smiril

Middle Dutch: smērel, smerle

Dutch: smeerle (archaic)

Old High German: smiril, smirl

Middle High German: smerl, smirl

German: Schmirl, Schmerl

⇒ Middle High German: smerlīn

German: Schmerlein

→ Medieval Latin: smerlus, *smerla

Catalan: esmirla, esmirle

Italian: smerlo

Old Occitan: esmirle


hrainōn

hrainōn (infinitive)
hrainōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hrainōnijē (dative infinitive)
hrainōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hrainō (first-person present singular)
hrainōdā (first-person past singular)
hrainōs (present second-person singular)
hrainōdēs (past second-person singular)
hrainōdōs (past second-person singular)
hrainōþ (present singular third-person)
hrainōdē (past singular third-person)
hrainōdā (past singular third-person)
hrainōm (first-person plural present)
hrainōdum (first-person past plural)
hrainōþ (plural present second-person)
hrainōdud (past plural second-person)
hrainōnþ (plural present third-person)
hrainōdun (past plural third-person)
hrainōdī (first-person past singular)
hrainōdī (past second-person singular)
hrainō (present singular third-person)
hrainōdī (past singular third-person)
hrainōdīm (first-person past plural)
hrainōdīd (past plural second-person)
hrainōn (plural present third-person)
hrainōdīn (past plural third-person)
hrainō (present singular)
hrainōþ (plural present)
hrainōndī (participle present)
hrainōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: hrēnon

q

Middle Low German: rênen (merged with the descendant of *hrainijan)

Old High German: reinōn

Middle High German: reinen (merged with the descendant of *hrainijan)


twīþōn

twīþōn (infinitive)
twīþōnijas (genitive infinitive)
twīþōnijē (dative infinitive)
twīþōniju (infinitive instrumental)
twīþō (first-person present singular)
twīþōdā (first-person past singular)
twīþōs (present second-person singular)
twīþōdēs (past second-person singular)
twīþōdōs (past second-person singular)
twīþōþ (present singular third-person)
twīþōdē (past singular third-person)
twīþōdā (past singular third-person)
twīþōm (first-person plural present)
twīþōdum (first-person past plural)
twīþōþ (plural present second-person)
twīþōdud (past plural second-person)
twīþōnþ (plural present third-person)
twīþōdun (past plural third-person)
twīþōdī (first-person past singular)
twīþōdī (past second-person singular)
twīþō (present singular third-person)
twīþōdī (past singular third-person)
twīþōdīm (first-person past plural)
twīþōdīd (past plural second-person)
twīþōn (plural present third-person)
twīþōdīn (past plural third-person)
twīþō (present singular)
twīþōþ (plural present)
twīþōndī (participle present)
twīþōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: twīthon (unclear if tugithon also belongs here)

Middle Low German: twīden

Old Dutch: *twīthon

Middle Dutch: twiden

Old High German: *zwīdōn

Middle High German: zwīden


liþīgōn

liþīgōn (infinitive)
liþīgōnijas (genitive infinitive)
liþīgōnijē (dative infinitive)
liþīgōniju (infinitive instrumental)
liþīgō (first-person present singular)
liþīgōdā (first-person past singular)
liþīgōs (present second-person singular)
liþīgōdēs (past second-person singular)
liþīgōdōs (past second-person singular)
liþīgōþ (present singular third-person)
liþīgōdē (past singular third-person)
liþīgōdā (past singular third-person)
liþīgōm (first-person plural present)
liþīgōdum (first-person past plural)
liþīgōþ (plural present second-person)
liþīgōdud (past plural second-person)
liþīgōnþ (plural present third-person)
liþīgōdun (past plural third-person)
liþīgōdī (first-person past singular)
liþīgōdī (past second-person singular)
liþīgō (present singular third-person)
liþīgōdī (past singular third-person)
liþīgōdīm (first-person past plural)
liþīgōdīd (past plural second-person)
liþīgōn (plural present third-person)
liþīgōdīn (past plural third-person)
liþīgō (present singular)
liþīgōþ (plural present)
liþīgōndī (participle present)
liþīgōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: *lethigia

West Frisian: leegje

Old Saxon: lethigōn

desc

Middle Low German: leddigen, lēdigen, leddegen

Old Dutch: *lithigon

Middle Dutch: ledigen, ledegen

Dutch: legen

Old High German: *lidigōn

Middle High German: ledigen, lidigen, ledegen


writolōn

writolōn (infinitive)
writolōnijas (genitive infinitive)
writolōnijē (dative infinitive)
writolōniju (infinitive instrumental)
writolō (first-person present singular)
writolōdā (first-person past singular)
writolōs (present second-person singular)
writolōdēs (past second-person singular)
writolōdōs (past second-person singular)
writolōþ (present singular third-person)
writolōdē (past singular third-person)
writolōdā (past singular third-person)
writolōm (first-person plural present)
writolōdum (first-person past plural)
writolōþ (plural present second-person)
writolōdud (past plural second-person)
writolōnþ (plural present third-person)
writolōdun (past plural third-person)
writolōdī (first-person past singular)
writolōdī (past second-person singular)
writolō (present singular third-person)
writolōdī (past singular third-person)
writolōdīm (first-person past plural)
writolōdīd (past plural second-person)
writolōn (plural present third-person)
writolōdīn (past plural third-person)
writolō (present singular)
writolōþ (plural present)
writolōndī (participle present)
writolōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: writolōn

Old High German: rizzolōn

Likely derived from *writol (“chatter”) + *-ōn, whence Old English writol.


weudōn

weudōn (infinitive)
weudōnijas (genitive infinitive)
weudōnijē (dative infinitive)
weudōniju (infinitive instrumental)
weudō (first-person present singular)
weudōdā (first-person past singular)
weudōs (present second-person singular)
weudōdēs (past second-person singular)
weudōdōs (past second-person singular)
weudōþ (present singular third-person)
weudōdē (past singular third-person)
weudōdā (past singular third-person)
weudōm (first-person plural present)
weudōdum (first-person past plural)
weudōþ (plural present second-person)
weudōdud (past plural second-person)
weudōnþ (plural present third-person)
weudōdun (past plural third-person)
weudōdī (first-person past singular)
weudōdī (past second-person singular)
weudō (present singular third-person)
weudōdī (past singular third-person)
weudōdīm (first-person past plural)
weudōdīd (past plural second-person)
weudōn (plural present third-person)
weudōdīn (past plural third-person)
weudō (present singular)
weudōþ (plural present)
weudōndī (participle present)
weudōd (participle past)

Old English: wēodian

Middle English: weden

English: weed

Old Frisian: *wiūdia

West Frisian: wjudde, wjudzje

Old Saxon: wiodon

Middle Low German: wêden

desctree

Old Dutch: *wiedon
Middle Dutch: wieden
Dutch: wieden
Afrikaans: wied


stubō

stobō (nominative singular)
stoban (nominative plural)
stoban (accusative singular)
stoban (accusative plural)
stubini (genitive singular)
stoban (genitive singular)
stobanō (genitive plural)
stubini (dative singular)
stoban (dative singular)
stubum (dative plural)
stubini (instrumental singular)
stoban (instrumental singular)
stubum (instrumental plural)

Old English: stofa

Old Saxon: *stubo, *stovo, *stuvo

desc

Middle Low German: stōve, stāve, stūve, stūbe

Old Dutch: *stovo

Middle Dutch: stove


muggjā

muggjā (nominative singular)
muggjōn (nominative plural)
muggjōn (accusative singular)
muggjōn (accusative plural)
muggjōn (genitive singular)
muggjōnō (genitive plural)
muggjōn (dative singular)
muggjōm (dative plural)
muggjum (dative plural)
muggjōn (instrumental singular)
muggjōm (instrumental plural)
muggjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: myċġe

Middle English: migge

English: midge

Scots: mige, midge

Old Frisian: *megge, *meche

Saterland Frisian: Mäge

West Frisian: mich

Old Saxon: muggia, mugga

Middle Low German: mügge

German Low German: Mügge, Mügg

Old Dutch: *mugga

Middle Dutch: mugge

Dutch: mug

Old High German: mugga, mucka

desctree

Middle High German: mügge
German: Mücke
Hunsrik: Mick
Luxembourgish: Méck


kalwā

kalwā (nominative singular)
kalwōn (nominative plural)
kalwōn (accusative singular)
kalwōn (accusative plural)
kalwōn (genitive singular)
kalwōnō (genitive plural)
kalwōn (dative singular)
kalwōm (dative plural)
kalwum (dative plural)
kalwōn (instrumental singular)
kalwōm (instrumental plural)
kalwum (instrumental plural)

Old English: calwa m

Old Frisian: kale

>? West Frisian: keal (noun)

Old Saxon: *kalwa

desc

Middle Low German: kalwe, kalewe, kālewe

Old Dutch: *kalwa

Middle Dutch: caluwe

Dutch: kaluwe, kale

Old High German: kalwa, kalawa, chalawa

Middle High German: kalwe

German: Kahle


kalwī

kalwī (nominative singular)
kalwīn (accusative singular)
kalwīn (genitive singular)
kalwīn (dative singular)
kalwīn (instrumental singular)

Old Frisian: kele

⇒ Old Frisian: sinkele (“permanent baldness”)

Old High German: kalwī, kalawī

Middle High German: kelwe

⇒ Old High German: alakalawī

From Proto-Germanic *kalwį̄. Equivalent to *kalu (“bald”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).


hwītēn

hwītēn (infinitive)
hwītēnijas (genitive infinitive)
hwītēnijē (dative infinitive)
hwītēniju (infinitive instrumental)
hwītē (first-person present singular)
hwīt?dā (first-person past singular)
hwītēs (present second-person singular)
hwīt?dēs (past second-person singular)
hwītēþ (present singular third-person)
hwīt?dē (past singular third-person)
hwīt?dā (past singular third-person)
hwītēm (first-person plural present)
hwīt?dum (first-person past plural)
hwītēþ (plural present second-person)
hwīt?dud (past plural second-person)
hwītēnþ (plural present third-person)
hwīt?dun (past plural third-person)
hwīt?dī (first-person past singular)
hwīt?dī (past second-person singular)
hwītē (present singular third-person)
hwīt?dī (past singular third-person)
hwīt?dīm (first-person past plural)
hwīt?dīd (past plural second-person)
hwītēn (plural present third-person)
hwīt?dīn (past plural third-person)
hwītē (present singular)
hwītēþ (plural present)
hwītēndī (participle present)
hwīt?d (participle past)

Old English: hwītian

Middle English: whīten

English: white

Old Saxon: hwīton

Middle Low German: witten

Old Dutch: wīton

Middle Dutch: witten

Dutch: witten

Old High German: wīzēn, wīzōn

Middle High German: wīzen

German: weißen


stubu

stubu (nominative singular)
stobō (nominative plural)
stobā (accusative singular)
stobā (accusative plural)
stobā (genitive singular)
stobō (genitive plural)
stubē (dative singular)
stobōm (dative plural)
stubum (dative plural)
stubu (instrumental singular)
stobōm (instrumental plural)
stubum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: stofu
Middle English: stuve, stufe, stuphe (spelling influenced by Medieval Latin stūpha)
English: stove (merged with a borrowing from Middle Dutch and/or Middle Low German)
Scots: stove, stofe, stoif, stoff
⇒ Old English: stufbæþ
Middle English: stufbæþ, stufbaþe

Old Frisian: *stofe, *stove

Saterland Frisian: Stove

West Frisian: stoof

Old Saxon: *stuva, *stova

Middle Low German: stōve, stūbe, stūve

desc

German Low German: Stuve, Stuuv, Stove, Stoov

→ German: Stövchen

→ Old Norse: stofa, stufa

Icelandic: stofa

Norwegian Nynorsk: stove

Old Swedish: stuva, stova, stugha

Swedish: stuga

Danish: stue

→ Norwegian Bokmål: stue

Old Dutch: *stova

Middle Dutch: stōve

Dutch: stoof

Afrikaans: stoof

desctree

Old High German: stuba
Middle High German: stube
Alemannic German: Schtube, Schtub, Stube
Swabian:
Bavarian:
Central Franconian: Stuvv
Luxembourgish: Stuff
East Central German:
Erzgebirgisch: [ˈʂʈuːp]
Upper Saxon German:
Vilamovian: śtuw
East Franconian:
German: Stube
Rhine Franconian: Stubb, Stobb, Stoob, Stow, Stuw
Frankfurterisch: [ʃd̥up]
Yiddish: שטיבל (shtibl), שטוב (shtub)
→ English: shtiebel
→ Hungarian: szoba (see there for further descendants)
→ Serbo-Croatian: soba

→? Medieval Latin: stupha

Old French: estuve (“steam-bath”)
French: étuve

Italian: stufa (“stove”)

Occitan: estuba

Spanish: estufa

→? Proto-Slavic: *jьstъbà (see there for further descendants)

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Uncertain; usually cited as borrowed from Medieval Latin stupha, stufa, stupa (“hypocaust, stove, heated room”), compare Italian stufa (“stove”), Old French estuve (“steam-bath”), from Vulgar Latin *extuphāre, *extufāre, *extupāre, from ex- + Ancient Greek τύφω (túphō, “to smoke”) + -āre. Alternatively, a native formation, from Proto-Germanic *stubō, related to *staumaz (“steam”), *steuban (“to throw up dust”), with the Latin borrowed from West Germanic. Also suggested to be derived from Latin aestuō (“to undulate; to warm”).


smerwig

smirwig (masculine nominative singular)
smirwigu (feminine nominative singular)
smirwig (neuter nominative singular)
smirwiganā (accusative masculine singular)
smirwigā (accusative feminine singular)
smirwig (accusative neuter singular)
smirwigas (genitive masculine singular)
smirwigeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
smirwigas (genitive neuter singular)
smirwigumē (dative masculine singular)
smirwigeʀē (dative feminine singular)
smirwigumē (dative neuter singular)
smirwigu (instrumental masculine singular)
smirwigeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
smirwigu (instrumental neuter singular)
smirwigē (masculine nominative plural)
smirwigō (feminine nominative plural)
smirwigu (neuter nominative plural)
smirwigā (accusative masculine plural)
smirwigā (accusative feminine plural)
smirwigu (accusative neuter plural)
smirwigeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
smirwigeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
smirwigeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
smirwigēm (dative masculine plural)
smirwigum (dative masculine plural)
smirwigēm (dative feminine plural)
smirwigum (dative feminine plural)
smirwigēm (dative neuter plural)
smirwigum (dative neuter plural)
smirwigēm (instrumental masculine plural)
smirwigum (instrumental masculine plural)
smirwigēm (feminine instrumental plural)
smirwigum (feminine instrumental plural)
smirwigēm (instrumental neuter plural)
smirwigum (instrumental neuter plural)

desc

Old English: smeoruwiġ, smerewiġ, smeriġ

Middle English: *smery

English: smeary

Old Frisian: *smerich

Saterland Frisian: smerig

West Frisian: smoarch

Old Saxon: *smerwig

Middle Low German: smerich, smērich

German Low German: smerig

Old Dutch: *smerwig

Middle Dutch: smērich

Dutch: smerig

Old High German: *smerwīg, *smerewīg

Middle High German: smerwic, smerewic

German: schmierig


hwatu

hwatu (nominative singular)
hwatō (nominative plural)
hwatā (accusative singular)
hwatā (accusative plural)
hwatā (genitive singular)
hwatō (genitive plural)
hwatē (dative singular)
hwatōm (dative plural)
hwatum (dative plural)
hwatu (instrumental singular)
hwatōm (instrumental plural)
hwatum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: hwatu
Middle English: whate, ȝwate, quate, qwate, wate, what, hwate (Early Middle English)

From Proto-Germanic *hwatō; compare *hwattjan (“to whet”).


fergōn

fergōn (infinitive)
fergōnijas (genitive infinitive)
fergōnijē (dative infinitive)
fergōniju (infinitive instrumental)
fergō (first-person present singular)
fergōdā (first-person past singular)
fergōs (present second-person singular)
fergōdēs (past second-person singular)
fergōdōs (past second-person singular)
fergōþ (present singular third-person)
fergōdē (past singular third-person)
fergōdā (past singular third-person)
fergōm (first-person plural present)
fergōdum (first-person past plural)
fergōþ (plural present second-person)
fergōdud (past plural second-person)
fergōnþ (plural present third-person)
fergōdun (past plural third-person)
fergōdī (first-person past singular)
fergōdī (past second-person singular)
fergō (present singular third-person)
fergōdī (past singular third-person)
fergōdīm (first-person past plural)
fergōdīd (past plural second-person)
fergōn (plural present third-person)
fergōdīn (past plural third-person)
fergō (present singular)
fergōþ (plural present)
fergōndī (participle present)
fergōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: *fergia

West Frisian: fergje, fargje

Old Saxon: fergon

Old Dutch: *fergon

Middle Dutch: vergen

Dutch: vergen

Old High German: fergōn

A derivation of Proto-Indo-European *preḱ- (“to ask”).


grāwēn

grāwēn (infinitive)
grāwēnijas (genitive infinitive)
grāwēnijē (dative infinitive)
grāwēniju (infinitive instrumental)
grāwē (first-person present singular)
grāw?dā (first-person past singular)
grāwēs (present second-person singular)
grāw?dēs (past second-person singular)
grāwēþ (present singular third-person)
grāw?dē (past singular third-person)
grāw?dā (past singular third-person)
grāwēm (first-person plural present)
grāw?dum (first-person past plural)
grāwēþ (plural present second-person)
grāw?dud (past plural second-person)
grāwēnþ (plural present third-person)
grāw?dun (past plural third-person)
grāw?dī (first-person past singular)
grāw?dī (past second-person singular)
grāwē (present singular third-person)
grāw?dī (past singular third-person)
grāw?dīm (first-person past plural)
grāw?dīd (past plural second-person)
grāwēn (plural present third-person)
grāw?dīn (past plural third-person)
grāwē (present singular)
grāwēþ (plural present)
grāwēndī (participle present)
grāw?d (participle past)

Old English: *grǣġian

Middle English: greien

English: grey, gray

Old Saxon: grāwon

Middle Low German: grāwen

Old Dutch: grāwon

Middle Dutch: grauwen

Dutch: grauwen

Old High German: grāwēn, grāwōn

Middle High German: grāwen

German: grauen


smittō

smittō (nominative singular)
smittan (nominative plural)
smittan (accusative singular)
smittan (accusative plural)
smittini (genitive singular)
smittan (genitive singular)
smittanō (genitive plural)
smittini (dative singular)
smittan (dative singular)
smittum (dative plural)
smittini (instrumental singular)
smittan (instrumental singular)
smittum (instrumental plural)

Old English: smitta
Middle English: smitte, smite, smit
English: smit, smitt, smite, smitch
⇒ English: *smitching, smidgen
⇒ English: smidge
Scots: smit, smyt, smite, smyte, smot, smitch
Scots: smittock

Old Saxon: *smitto

Middle Low German: smitte, smette

Old High German: *smizzo (attested only as smiz)

From *smittōn (“to smear”), from Proto-Indo-European *smeyd- (“tp smear, streak, whisk, rub”).


smittā

smittā (nominative singular)
smittōn (nominative plural)
smittōn (accusative singular)
smittōn (accusative plural)
smittōn (genitive singular)
smittōnō (genitive plural)
smittōn (dative singular)
smittōm (dative plural)
smittum (dative plural)
smittōn (instrumental singular)
smittōm (instrumental plural)
smittum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: smitte
Middle English: smit, smytt
English: smit
Scots: smit, smyt, smyte, smot

Old Frisian: *smitte, *smette

Saterland Frisian: Smitte (“paste”)

West Frisian: smet

Old Saxon: *smitta

Middle Low German: smitte, smette

German Low German: Smett

→ Swedish: smitta

>? Swedish: smet (“batter”) (possibly native)

Old Dutch: *smitta

Middle Dutch: smitte, smette

Dutch: smet

Old High German: *smizza (only attested as smiz m)

Middle High German: smitze

German: Schmitze


smittōn

smittōn (infinitive)
smittōnijas (genitive infinitive)
smittōnijē (dative infinitive)
smittōniju (infinitive instrumental)
smittō (first-person present singular)
smittōdā (first-person past singular)
smittōs (present second-person singular)
smittōdēs (past second-person singular)
smittōdōs (past second-person singular)
smittōþ (present singular third-person)
smittōdē (past singular third-person)
smittōdā (past singular third-person)
smittōm (first-person plural present)
smittōdum (first-person past plural)
smittōþ (plural present second-person)
smittōdud (past plural second-person)
smittōnþ (plural present third-person)
smittōdun (past plural third-person)
smittōdī (first-person past singular)
smittōdī (past second-person singular)
smittō (present singular third-person)
smittōdī (past singular third-person)
smittōdīm (first-person past plural)
smittōdīd (past plural second-person)
smittōn (plural present third-person)
smittōdīn (past plural third-person)
smittō (present singular)
smittōþ (plural present)
smittōndī (participle present)
smittōd (participle past)

Old English: smittian

Middle English: smitten

English: smit

Scots: smit

Old Frisian: *smittia, smitta

Old Saxon: *smittōn

Middle Low German: smitten, smetten

→ Swedish: smitta

Old Dutch: *smitton

Middle Dutch: smitten, smetten

Dutch: smetten

Old High German: *smizzōn

Middle High German: smitzen

German: schmitzen

From Proto-Germanic *smittōną or *smitjōną, from Proto-Indo-European *smeyd- (“to smear, streak, whisk, rub”).


fuglōn

fuglōn (infinitive)
fuglōnijas (genitive infinitive)
fuglōnijē (dative infinitive)
fuglōniju (infinitive instrumental)
fuglō (first-person present singular)
fuglōdā (first-person past singular)
fuglōs (present second-person singular)
fuglōdēs (past second-person singular)
fuglōdōs (past second-person singular)
fuglōþ (present singular third-person)
fuglōdē (past singular third-person)
fuglōdā (past singular third-person)
fuglōm (first-person plural present)
fuglōdum (first-person past plural)
fuglōþ (plural present second-person)
fuglōdud (past plural second-person)
fuglōnþ (plural present third-person)
fuglōdun (past plural third-person)
fuglōdī (first-person past singular)
fuglōdī (past second-person singular)
fuglō (present singular third-person)
fuglōdī (past singular third-person)
fuglōdīm (first-person past plural)
fuglōdīd (past plural second-person)
fuglōn (plural present third-person)
fuglōdīn (past plural third-person)
fuglō (present singular)
fuglōþ (plural present)
fuglōndī (participle present)
fuglōd (participle past)

Old English: fuglian

Middle English: foulen

English: fowl

Old Saxon: fugalon

Middle Low German: vōgelen

Old Dutch: *fogalon

Middle Dutch: vōgelen

Dutch: vogelen

Old High German: fogalōn

desc

Middle High German: vogelen, vogeln, fügeln

German: fögeln, fogeln


wlakwēn

wlakwēn (infinitive)
wlakwēnijas (genitive infinitive)
wlakwēnijē (dative infinitive)
wlakwēniju (infinitive instrumental)
wlakwē (first-person present singular)
wlakw?dā (first-person past singular)
wlakwēs (present second-person singular)
wlakw?dēs (past second-person singular)
wlakwēþ (present singular third-person)
wlakw?dē (past singular third-person)
wlakw?dā (past singular third-person)
wlakwēm (first-person plural present)
wlakw?dum (first-person past plural)
wlakwēþ (plural present second-person)
wlakw?dud (past plural second-person)
wlakwēnþ (plural present third-person)
wlakw?dun (past plural third-person)
wlakw?dī (first-person past singular)
wlakw?dī (past second-person singular)
wlakwē (present singular third-person)
wlakw?dī (past singular third-person)
wlakw?dīm (first-person past plural)
wlakw?dīd (past plural second-person)
wlakwēn (plural present third-person)
wlakw?dīn (past plural third-person)
wlakwē (present singular)
wlakwēþ (plural present)
wlakwēndī (participle present)
wlakw?d (participle past)

Old English: wlacian

q

Middle English: wlechen (merged in form and meaning with Old English wleccan)

Old Saxon: *wlakōn

Middle Low German: wlaken

Old High German: walahhēn


kuni-

desctree

Old English: cyne-, cyn-, cine-, cyni- — early
Middle English: kine-, coin-, ken-, kene-, kin-, kym-, kyne-, cune-, cyne- (Early Middle English)
(English: kindom)
(Scots: kinrick)

Old High German: *kuni-, chune-, chuni- (in personal names)

From compounds formed with Proto-Germanic *kuniz, which does not survive as an independent noun in West Germanic.


kunirīkī

kunirīkī (nominative singular)
kunirīkiju (nominative plural)
kunirīkī (accusative singular)
kunirīkiju (accusative plural)
kunirīkijas (genitive singular)
kunirīkijō (genitive plural)
kunirīkijē (dative singular)
kunirīkijum (dative plural)
kunirīkiju (instrumental singular)
kunirīkijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: cyneriċe, cinerīċe, cynerȳċe, kynerīċe
Middle English: kineriche, cunnriche, kinereiche, kineric, kinneriche, kinriche, kuneriche, kynereche, kyneriche, kynriche, kynryche, cyne rice, kinerice, kuneriche, kynerice (Early Middle English), kinric, kinrik, kunerike (Northern)
Middle Scots: kinrik
Scots: kinrick

Old Dutch: *kunirīki, *kunrīki

Middle Dutch: conrike

Old High German: chuneriche

From *kuni- + *rīkī. Compare *kuningarīkī, which this term was replaced by in later West Germanic.


kuningarīkī

kuningarīkī (nominative singular)
kuningarīkiju (nominative plural)
kuningarīkī (accusative singular)
kuningarīkiju (accusative plural)
kuningarīkijas (genitive singular)
kuningarīkijō (genitive plural)
kuningarīkijē (dative singular)
kuningarīkijum (dative plural)
kuningarīkiju (instrumental singular)
kuningarīkijum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: keningrīke

Saterland Frisian: Köönichriek

West Frisian: keninkryk

Old Saxon: kuningrīki

Middle Low German: könninkreik

Low German: Königriek

Plautdietsch: Kjennichrikj

Old Dutch: *kuningrīki

Middle Dutch: koninkrike

Dutch: koninkrijk

Afrikaans: koninkryk

Limburgish: keuninkriek

Old High German: kuningrīhhi

Middle High German: künicriche

German: Königreich

Luxembourgish: Kinnekräich

Hunsrik: Keenichreich

From Proto-Germanic *kuningarīkiją. Equivalent to *kuning + *rīkī; compare *kunirīkī.


skrankōn

skrankōn (infinitive)
skrankōnijas (genitive infinitive)
skrankōnijē (dative infinitive)
skrankōniju (infinitive instrumental)
skrankō (first-person present singular)
skrankōdā (first-person past singular)
skrankōs (present second-person singular)
skrankōdēs (past second-person singular)
skrankōdōs (past second-person singular)
skrankōþ (present singular third-person)
skrankōdē (past singular third-person)
skrankōdā (past singular third-person)
skrankōm (first-person plural present)
skrankōdum (first-person past plural)
skrankōþ (plural present second-person)
skrankōdud (past plural second-person)
skrankōnþ (plural present third-person)
skrankōdun (past plural third-person)
skrankōdī (first-person past singular)
skrankōdī (past second-person singular)
skrankō (present singular third-person)
skrankōdī (past singular third-person)
skrankōdīm (first-person past plural)
skrankōdīd (past plural second-person)
skrankōn (plural present third-person)
skrankōdīn (past plural third-person)
skrankō (present singular)
skrankōþ (plural present)
skrankōndī (participle present)
skrankōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: skrankon

Middle Low German: schranken

Old Dutch: *skrankon

Middle Dutch: schranken

Dutch: schranken

Old High German: skrankōn

Middle High German: schranken

to walk in a restricted manner, stagger, sway


marhu

marhu (nominative singular)
marhwō (nominative plural)
marhwōs (nominative plural)
marhu (accusative singular)
marhwā (accusative plural)
marhwas (genitive singular)
marhwō (genitive plural)
marhwē (dative singular)
marhum (dative plural)
marhu (instrumental singular)
marhum (instrumental plural)

desc

Old English: mearh, mærh, merg, mearg, meargh, mærc

Old Frisian: *march

North Frisian:

Fohr: marig

Helgoland: marri

Sylt: märig

Wangerooge Frisian: mûrû

West Frisian: marge (dialectal march, marich)


skrīkōn

skrīkōn (infinitive)
skrīkōnijas (genitive infinitive)
skrīkōnijē (dative infinitive)
skrīkōniju (infinitive instrumental)
skrīkō (first-person present singular)
skrīkōdā (first-person past singular)
skrīkōs (present second-person singular)
skrīkōdēs (past second-person singular)
skrīkōdōs (past second-person singular)
skrīkōþ (present singular third-person)
skrīkōdē (past singular third-person)
skrīkōdā (past singular third-person)
skrīkōm (first-person plural present)
skrīkōdum (first-person past plural)
skrīkōþ (plural present second-person)
skrīkōdud (past plural second-person)
skrīkōnþ (plural present third-person)
skrīkōdun (past plural third-person)
skrīkōdī (first-person past singular)
skrīkōdī (past second-person singular)
skrīkō (present singular third-person)
skrīkōdī (past singular third-person)
skrīkōdīm (first-person past plural)
skrīkōdīd (past plural second-person)
skrīkōn (plural present third-person)
skrīkōdīn (past plural third-person)
skrīkō (present singular)
skrīkōþ (plural present)
skrīkōndī (participle present)
skrīkōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: skrīkon

Old High German: skrīhhōn

Closely related to the strong verb *skrīan.


fį̄hlōn

fį̄hlōn (infinitive)
fį̄hlōnijas (genitive infinitive)
fį̄hlōnijē (dative infinitive)
fį̄hlōniju (infinitive instrumental)
fį̄hlō (first-person present singular)
fį̄hlōdā (first-person past singular)
fį̄hlōs (present second-person singular)
fį̄hlōdēs (past second-person singular)
fį̄hlōdōs (past second-person singular)
fį̄hlōþ (present singular third-person)
fį̄hlōdē (past singular third-person)
fį̄hlōdā (past singular third-person)
fį̄hlōm (first-person plural present)
fį̄hlōdum (first-person past plural)
fį̄hlōþ (plural present second-person)
fį̄hlōdud (past plural second-person)
fį̄hlōnþ (plural present third-person)
fį̄hlōdun (past plural third-person)
fį̄hlōdī (first-person past singular)
fį̄hlōdī (past second-person singular)
fį̄hlō (present singular third-person)
fį̄hlōdī (past singular third-person)
fį̄hlōdīm (first-person past plural)
fį̄hlōdīd (past plural second-person)
fį̄hlōn (plural present third-person)
fį̄hlōdīn (past plural third-person)
fį̄hlō (present singular)
fį̄hlōþ (plural present)
fį̄hlōndī (participle present)
fį̄hlōd (participle past)

Old English: fīlian

Middle English: filen

English: file

Old Frisian: *fīlia

West Frisian: fylje

Old Saxon: fīlon

Middle Low German: vīlen

Old Dutch: *fīlon

Middle Dutch: vilen

Dutch: vijlen

Afrikaans: vyl

Old High German: fīlōn, fīhalōn, fīgilōn

Middle High German: vīlen, vīhelen, fīlen

German: feilen


hloppōn

hloppōn (infinitive)
hloppōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hloppōnijē (dative infinitive)
hloppōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hloppō (first-person present singular)
hloppōdā (first-person past singular)
hloppōs (present second-person singular)
hloppōdēs (past second-person singular)
hloppōdōs (past second-person singular)
hloppōþ (present singular third-person)
hloppōdē (past singular third-person)
hloppōdā (past singular third-person)
hloppōm (first-person plural present)
hloppōdum (first-person past plural)
hloppōþ (plural present second-person)
hloppōdud (past plural second-person)
hloppōnþ (plural present third-person)
hloppōdun (past plural third-person)
hloppōdī (first-person past singular)
hloppōdī (past second-person singular)
hloppō (present singular third-person)
hloppōdī (past singular third-person)
hloppōdīm (first-person past plural)
hloppōdīd (past plural second-person)
hloppōn (plural present third-person)
hloppōdīn (past plural third-person)
hloppō (present singular)
hloppōþ (plural present)
hloppōndī (participle present)
hloppōd (participle past)

>? Old English: *hlopian

>? Middle English: lopen (usually adduced from loup, but can continue *hlupōną as well)

>? English: lope

Old Saxon: *loppon

Middle Low German: loppen

Old Dutch: *loppon

Middle Dutch: loppen

Old High German: loffōn

From Proto-Germanic *hluppōną. An iterative formation to *hlaupan.


waþalōn

waþalōn (infinitive)
waþalōnijas (genitive infinitive)
waþalōnijē (dative infinitive)
waþalōniju (infinitive instrumental)
waþalō (first-person present singular)
waþalōdā (first-person past singular)
waþalōs (present second-person singular)
waþalōdēs (past second-person singular)
waþalōdōs (past second-person singular)
waþalōþ (present singular third-person)
waþalōdē (past singular third-person)
waþalōdā (past singular third-person)
waþalōm (first-person plural present)
waþalōdum (first-person past plural)
waþalōþ (plural present second-person)
waþalōdud (past plural second-person)
waþalōnþ (plural present third-person)
waþalōdun (past plural third-person)
waþalōdī (first-person past singular)
waþalōdī (past second-person singular)
waþalō (present singular third-person)
waþalōdī (past singular third-person)
waþalōdīm (first-person past plural)
waþalōdīd (past plural second-person)
waþalōn (plural present third-person)
waþalōdīn (past plural third-person)
waþalō (present singular)
waþalōþ (plural present)
waþalōndī (participle present)
waþalōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: wathalōn

Middle Low German: wadelen

Old High German: wadalōn

Middle High German: wadelen, wadeln, wedelen, wedeln

German: wedeln


twihōn

twihōn (infinitive)
twihōnijas (genitive infinitive)
twihōnijē (dative infinitive)
twihōniju (infinitive instrumental)
twihō (first-person present singular)
twihōdā (first-person past singular)
twihōs (present second-person singular)
twihōdēs (past second-person singular)
twihōdōs (past second-person singular)
twihōþ (present singular third-person)
twihōdē (past singular third-person)
twihōdā (past singular third-person)
twihōm (first-person plural present)
twihōdum (first-person past plural)
twihōþ (plural present second-person)
twihōdud (past plural second-person)
twihōnþ (plural present third-person)
twihōdun (past plural third-person)
twihōdī (first-person past singular)
twihōdī (past second-person singular)
twihō (present singular third-person)
twihōdī (past singular third-person)
twihōdīm (first-person past plural)
twihōdīd (past plural second-person)
twihōn (plural present third-person)
twihōdīn (past plural third-person)
twihō (present singular)
twihōþ (plural present)
twihōndī (participle present)
twihōd (participle past)

Old English: twēon, twēoġan

Middle English: tweoȝean

Old Saxon: twehōn

⇒ Old Saxon: gitwehōn

Old High German: zwehōn, zweōn, kweōn, queōn

⇒ Old High German: gizwehōn


bausōn

bausōn (infinitive)
bausōnijas (genitive infinitive)
bausōnijē (dative infinitive)
bausōniju (infinitive instrumental)
bausō (first-person present singular)
bausōdā (first-person past singular)
bausōs (present second-person singular)
bausōdēs (past second-person singular)
bausōdōs (past second-person singular)
bausōþ (present singular third-person)
bausōdē (past singular third-person)
bausōdā (past singular third-person)
bausōm (first-person plural present)
bausōdum (first-person past plural)
bausōþ (plural present second-person)
bausōdud (past plural second-person)
bausōnþ (plural present third-person)
bausōdun (past plural third-person)
bausōdī (first-person past singular)
bausōdī (past second-person singular)
bausō (present singular third-person)
bausōdī (past singular third-person)
bausōdīm (first-person past plural)
bausōdīd (past plural second-person)
bausōn (plural present third-person)
bausōdīn (past plural third-person)
bausō (present singular)
bausōþ (plural present)
bausōndī (participle present)
bausōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: bōson

Old Dutch: *bōson

Middle Dutch: bôsen

⇒ Dutch: bozelen, beuzelen

Old High German: bōsōn

Middle High German: bosen


fratwōn

fratwōn (infinitive)
fratwōnijas (genitive infinitive)
fratwōnijē (dative infinitive)
fratwōniju (infinitive instrumental)
fratwō (first-person present singular)
fratwōdā (first-person past singular)
fratwōs (present second-person singular)
fratwōdēs (past second-person singular)
fratwōdōs (past second-person singular)
fratwōþ (present singular third-person)
fratwōdē (past singular third-person)
fratwōdā (past singular third-person)
fratwōm (first-person plural present)
fratwōdum (first-person past plural)
fratwōþ (plural present second-person)
fratwōdud (past plural second-person)
fratwōnþ (plural present third-person)
fratwōdun (past plural third-person)
fratwōdī (first-person past singular)
fratwōdī (past second-person singular)
fratwō (present singular third-person)
fratwōdī (past singular third-person)
fratwōdīm (first-person past plural)
fratwōdīd (past plural second-person)
fratwōn (plural present third-person)
fratwōdīn (past plural third-person)
fratwō (present singular)
fratwōþ (plural present)
fratwōndī (participle present)
fratwōd (participle past)

Old English: frætwian, frættewian

Old Saxon: fratahōn

From *fratwu (“ornament, decoration”) + *-ōn.


bruttjōn

bruttjōn (infinitive)
bruttjōnijas (genitive infinitive)
bruttjōnijē (dative infinitive)
bruttjōniju (infinitive instrumental)
bruttjō (first-person present singular)
bruttjōdā (first-person past singular)
bruttjōs (present second-person singular)
bruttjōdēs (past second-person singular)
bruttjōdōs (past second-person singular)
bruttjōþ (present singular third-person)
bruttjōdē (past singular third-person)
bruttjōdā (past singular third-person)
bruttjōm (first-person plural present)
bruttjōdum (first-person past plural)
bruttjōþ (plural present second-person)
bruttjōdud (past plural second-person)
bruttjōnþ (plural present third-person)
bruttjōdun (past plural third-person)
bruttjōdī (first-person past singular)
bruttjōdī (past second-person singular)
bruttjō (present singular third-person)
bruttjōdī (past singular third-person)
bruttjōdīm (first-person past plural)
bruttjōdīd (past plural second-person)
bruttjōn (plural present third-person)
bruttjōdīn (past plural third-person)
bruttjō (present singular)
bruttjōþ (plural present)
bruttjōndī (participle present)
bruttjōd (participle past)

Old English: bryttian, bryttan

From Proto-Germanic *brutjōną. Equivalent to *bruttjō (“distributor, donor, giver”) + *-ōn.

suffix

(Anglo-Frisian Germanic) to divide, distribute


haubidōn

haubidōn (infinitive)
haubidōnijas (genitive infinitive)
haubidōnijē (dative infinitive)
haubidōniju (infinitive instrumental)
haubidō (first-person present singular)
haubidōdā (first-person past singular)
haubidōs (present second-person singular)
haubidōdēs (past second-person singular)
haubidōdōs (past second-person singular)
haubidōþ (present singular third-person)
haubidōdē (past singular third-person)
haubidōdā (past singular third-person)
haubidōm (first-person plural present)
haubidōdum (first-person past plural)
haubidōþ (plural present second-person)
haubidōdud (past plural second-person)
haubidōnþ (plural present third-person)
haubidōdun (past plural third-person)
haubidōdī (first-person past singular)
haubidōdī (past second-person singular)
haubidō (present singular third-person)
haubidōdī (past singular third-person)
haubidōdīm (first-person past plural)
haubidōdīd (past plural second-person)
haubidōn (plural present third-person)
haubidōdīn (past plural third-person)
haubidō (present singular)
haubidōþ (plural present)
haubidōndī (participle present)
haubidōd (participle past)

Old English: héafdian

desc

Middle English: heden, headen, heveden, hefeden

English: head

Old Frisian: hâvedia, hâvdia

Old Saxon: hōfdon, hōvdon

Middle Low German: hȫveden, hôveden

Old Dutch: hōvidon

Middle Dutch: hôveden

Dutch: hoofden

Old High German: *houbitōn

Middle High German: houbeten, höubeten, houpten

⇒ Old High German: firhoubitōn

⇒ Old High German: irhoubitōn


haubidōn

Old Saxon: *hōfdon, *hōvdon

Middle Low German: hȫveden, hôveden

Old Dutch: *hōvidon

Middle Dutch: hôveden

Dutch: hoofden

Old High German: *houbitōn

⇒ Old High German: manahoubitōn


bleuwarōn

bleuwarōn (infinitive)
bleuwarōnijas (genitive infinitive)
bleuwarōnijē (dative infinitive)
bleuwarōniju (infinitive instrumental)
bleuwarō (first-person present singular)
bleuwarōdā (first-person past singular)
bleuwarōs (present second-person singular)
bleuwarōdēs (past second-person singular)
bleuwarōdōs (past second-person singular)
bleuwarōþ (present singular third-person)
bleuwarōdē (past singular third-person)
bleuwarōdā (past singular third-person)
bleuwarōm (first-person plural present)
bleuwarōdum (first-person past plural)
bleuwarōþ (plural present second-person)
bleuwarōdud (past plural second-person)
bleuwarōnþ (plural present third-person)
bleuwarōdun (past plural third-person)
bleuwarōdī (first-person past singular)
bleuwarōdī (past second-person singular)
bleuwarō (present singular third-person)
bleuwarōdī (past singular third-person)
bleuwarōdīm (first-person past plural)
bleuwarōdīd (past plural second-person)
bleuwarōn (plural present third-person)
bleuwarōdīn (past plural third-person)
bleuwarō (present singular)
bleuwarōþ (plural present)
bleuwarōndī (participle present)
bleuwarōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: bleuwaron

Old High German: bliuwarōn

From *bleuwan (“to beat”) + *-rōn (“frequentive suffix”).


drusinōn

drusinōn (infinitive)
drusinōnijas (genitive infinitive)
drusinōnijē (dative infinitive)
drusinōniju (infinitive instrumental)
drusinō (first-person present singular)
drusinōdā (first-person past singular)
drusinōs (present second-person singular)
drusinōdēs (past second-person singular)
drusinōdōs (past second-person singular)
drusinōþ (present singular third-person)
drusinōdē (past singular third-person)
drusinōdā (past singular third-person)
drusinōm (first-person plural present)
drusinōdum (first-person past plural)
drusinōþ (plural present second-person)
drusinōdud (past plural second-person)
drusinōnþ (plural present third-person)
drusinōdun (past plural third-person)
drusinōdī (first-person past singular)
drusinōdī (past second-person singular)
drusinō (present singular third-person)
drusinōdī (past singular third-person)
drusinōdīm (first-person past plural)
drusinōdīd (past plural second-person)
drusinōn (plural present third-person)
drusinōdīn (past plural third-person)
drusinō (present singular)
drusinōþ (plural present)
drusinōndī (participle present)
drusinōd (participle past)

q

Old English: *drysnian (unclear if drysmian (“to grow dark”) also belongs here)

⇒ Old English: gedrysnian

Old Saxon: drusinōn

Closely related to the strong verb *dreusan (“to fall”) and *druʀi (“decline”).


koborōn

koborōn (infinitive)
koborōnijas (genitive infinitive)
koborōnijē (dative infinitive)
koborōniju (infinitive instrumental)
koborō (first-person present singular)
koborōdā (first-person past singular)
koborōs (present second-person singular)
koborōdēs (past second-person singular)
koborōdōs (past second-person singular)
koborōþ (present singular third-person)
koborōdē (past singular third-person)
koborōdā (past singular third-person)
koborōm (first-person plural present)
koborōdum (first-person past plural)
koborōþ (plural present second-person)
koborōdud (past plural second-person)
koborōnþ (plural present third-person)
koborōdun (past plural third-person)
koborōdī (first-person past singular)
koborōdī (past second-person singular)
koborō (present singular third-person)
koborōdī (past singular third-person)
koborōdīm (first-person past plural)
koborōdīd (past plural second-person)
koborōn (plural present third-person)
koborōdīn (past plural third-person)
koborō (present singular)
koborōþ (plural present)
koborōndī (participle present)
koborōd (participle past)

Old Dutch: *kovoron

Middle Dutch: coeveren (attested with unetymological 'oe')

Old High German: koborōn

Middle High German: koberen

Borrowed from Latin *cupero (“I take, seize”), itself a back-formation of recupero.

vörkoveren

Old Saxon: farkovorōn; Middle Low German

erkoberen

Old High German: irkoborōn; Middle Low German


allswā

Old English: eallswā, ealswā

desc

Middle English: alswa, alswo, alsa, also, alse, als, ase, as

English: also, as

Scots: alswa, alsa, als, as

Old Frisian: alsā

Saterland Frisian: also, as

West Frisian: als, as

Old Saxon: allsō, alsō, also

Middle Low German: alsô, alse, als

German Low German: also, as

Old Dutch: alsō

Middle Dutch: also, alsoo, als

Dutch: alzo, als

Afrikaans: also

Old High German: alsō

Middle High German: alsō, alse, als

German: also, als

→ Danish: altså

→ Norwegian Bokmål: altså

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: altså, altso

→ Swedish: alltså (also possibly from Low German)

>? Vulgar Latin: *ale si, *alsi (likely calqued using Latin alid + sīc)

Old French: alsi, ausi, ossi; altresi (calque using Old French altre + si)

Middle French: aussi

French: aussi


liþōn

liþōn (infinitive)
liþōnijas (genitive infinitive)
liþōnijē (dative infinitive)
liþōniju (infinitive instrumental)
liþō (first-person present singular)
liþōdā (first-person past singular)
liþōs (present second-person singular)
liþōdēs (past second-person singular)
liþōdōs (past second-person singular)
liþōþ (present singular third-person)
liþōdē (past singular third-person)
liþōdā (past singular third-person)
liþōm (first-person plural present)
liþōdum (first-person past plural)
liþōþ (plural present second-person)
liþōdud (past plural second-person)
liþōnþ (plural present third-person)
liþōdun (past plural third-person)
liþōdī (first-person past singular)
liþōdī (past second-person singular)
liþō (present singular third-person)
liþōdī (past singular third-person)
liþōdīm (first-person past plural)
liþōdīd (past plural second-person)
liþōn (plural present third-person)
liþōdīn (past plural third-person)
liþō (present singular)
liþōþ (plural present)
liþōndī (participle present)
liþōd (participle past)

Old English: lioþian

Old Frisian: *lethia

⇒ Old Frisian: oflethinge

Old High German: lidōn

Middle High German: liden

From Proto-Germanic *liþōną. Equivalent to *liþu (“joint, limb”) + *-ōn.


liþōn

Old English: liþian, lioþian

Old Saxon: lithōn

From Proto-Germanic *liþōną. Closely related to the strong verb *līþan (“to go, pass”).


hiu dagu

Old English: hēodæġ

Old Frisian: hiūdega, hiōda

West Frisian: hjoed

Old Saxon: hiudagu hiudu, hūdigu, hōdigo

Middle Low German: hü̂de, hü̂den, hü̂digen

German Low German: hüüt

→⇒ Saterland Frisian: hüütich

desctree

Old Dutch: hiudo
Middle Dutch: hude (southeastern)
⇒ Middle Dutch: hudig
Dutch: huidig
Middle Dutch: hēden, hēde, hiden (with unclear change in vowel)
Dutch: heden
Afrikaans: hede

Old High German: hiutu
Middle High German: hiute
Alemannic German: hüt, hütt, hüüd, hit
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: häut, hòite (Sette Comuni)
Mòcheno: hait
Central Franconian: höck, hück, heit, hout
German: heute, Heute
Hunsrik: heit
Luxembourgish: haut (probably; irregular vocalism)

From Proto-Germanic *hinō dagō (“on this day”), from *hiz (“this”) + *dagaz (“day”).


segnōn

segnōn (infinitive)
segnōnijas (genitive infinitive)
segnōnijē (dative infinitive)
segnōniju (infinitive instrumental)
segnō (first-person present singular)
segnōdā (first-person past singular)
segnōs (present second-person singular)
segnōdēs (past second-person singular)
segnōdōs (past second-person singular)
segnōþ (present singular third-person)
segnōdē (past singular third-person)
segnōdā (past singular third-person)
segnōm (first-person plural present)
segnōdum (first-person past plural)
segnōþ (plural present second-person)
segnōdud (past plural second-person)
segnōnþ (plural present third-person)
segnōdun (past plural third-person)
segnōdī (first-person past singular)
segnōdī (past second-person singular)
segnō (present singular third-person)
segnōdī (past singular third-person)
segnōdīm (first-person past plural)
segnōdīd (past plural second-person)
segnōn (plural present third-person)
segnōdīn (past plural third-person)
segnō (present singular)
segnōþ (plural present)
segnōndī (participle present)
segnōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: segnian, sēnian
Middle English: sainen, seinen, senen, sinen, signen
Scots: sain
English: sain

Old Frisian: seinia, sēnia

West Frisian: seinje, seingje, segenje

Old Saxon: segnon

Middle Low German: sēgenen, segenen

Old Dutch: seganon

Middle Dutch: sēgenen

Dutch: zegenen

Old High German: seganōn

desc

Middle High German: segenen, seinen, seingenen

German: segnen


hangini

hangini (nominative singular)
hangunnjō (nominative plural)
hangunnjā (accusative singular)
hangunnjā (accusative plural)
hangunnjā (genitive singular)
hangunnjō (genitive plural)
hangunnjē (dative singular)
hangunnjōm (dative plural)
hangunnjum (dative plural)
hangunnju (instrumental singular)
hangunnjōm (instrumental plural)
hangunnjum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: henġen
Middle English: hengen (hapax)
>? Middle English: henge
English: hinge
Scots: heinȝe, heenge

Old Frisian: *hengen, *henge

>? Saterland Frisian: Hänge

>? West Frisian: hinge

desc

Old Saxon: henginna, hengenna, henginnia, hinginna

>? Middle Low German: henge, hinge, henk

German Low German: Hänge, Häng

Old Dutch: *henginna

>? Middle Dutch: hengene, hingene, hengen, hingen

Dutch: heng

Old High German: *henginna, *hengina

>? Middle High German: henge

German: Hänge


raþ(þ)jōn

raþjōn (canonical)
raþjōn (infinitive)
raþþjōn (infinitive)
raþjōnijas (genitive infinitive)
raþþjōnijas (genitive infinitive)
raþjōnijē (dative infinitive)
raþþjōnijē (dative infinitive)
raþjōniju (infinitive instrumental)
raþþjōniju (infinitive instrumental)
raþjō (first-person present singular)
raþþjō (first-person present singular)
raþjōdā (first-person past singular)
raþþjōdā (first-person past singular)
raþjōs (present second-person singular)
raþþjōs (present second-person singular)
raþjōdēs (past second-person singular)
raþþjōdēs (past second-person singular)
raþjōdōs (past second-person singular)
raþþjōdōs (past second-person singular)
raþjōþ (present singular third-person)
raþþjōþ (present singular third-person)
raþjōdē (past singular third-person)
raþþjōdē (past singular third-person)
raþjōdā (past singular third-person)
raþþjōdā (past singular third-person)
raþjōm (first-person plural present)
raþþjōm (first-person plural present)
raþjōdum (first-person past plural)
raþþjōdum (first-person past plural)
raþjōþ (plural present second-person)
raþþjōþ (plural present second-person)
raþjōdud (past plural second-person)
raþþjōdud (past plural second-person)
raþjōnþ (plural present third-person)
raþþjōnþ (plural present third-person)
raþjōdun (past plural third-person)
raþþjōdun (past plural third-person)
raþjōdī (first-person past singular)
raþþjōdī (first-person past singular)
raþjōdī (past second-person singular)
raþþjōdī (past second-person singular)
raþjō (present singular third-person)
raþþjō (present singular third-person)
raþjōdī (past singular third-person)
raþþjōdī (past singular third-person)
raþjōdīm (first-person past plural)
raþþjōdīm (first-person past plural)
raþjōdīd (past plural second-person)
raþþjōdīd (past plural second-person)
raþjōn (plural present third-person)
raþþjōn (plural present third-person)
raþjōdīn (past plural third-person)
raþþjōdīn (past plural third-person)
raþjō (present singular)
raþþjō (present singular)
raþjōþ (plural present)
raþþjōþ (plural present)
raþjōndī (participle present)
raþþjōndī (participle present)
raþjōd (participle past)
raþþjōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: rethia

Old Saxon: rethiōn

Middle Low German: rēden, redden

Old Dutch: *rethon

Middle Dutch: rēden

Dutch: reden (obsolete)

Old High German: rediōn, redōn, redēn

Middle High German: reden

German: reden

From *raþ(þ)jā (“account, reasoning”) + *-ōn. Much like the noun, the verb lacks the expected geminate -þþ- in most descendants, except perhaps Middle Low German redden.


solagōn

solagōn (infinitive)
solagōnijas (genitive infinitive)
solagōnijē (dative infinitive)
solagōniju (infinitive instrumental)
solagō (first-person present singular)
solagōdā (first-person past singular)
solagōs (present second-person singular)
solagōdēs (past second-person singular)
solagōdōs (past second-person singular)
solagōþ (present singular third-person)
solagōdē (past singular third-person)
solagōdā (past singular third-person)
solagōm (first-person plural present)
solagōdum (first-person past plural)
solagōþ (plural present second-person)
solagōdud (past plural second-person)
solagōnþ (plural present third-person)
solagōdun (past plural third-person)
solagōdī (first-person past singular)
solagōdī (past second-person singular)
solagō (present singular third-person)
solagōdī (past singular third-person)
solagōdīm (first-person past plural)
solagōdīd (past plural second-person)
solagōn (plural present third-person)
solagōdīn (past plural third-person)
solagō (present singular)
solagōþ (plural present)
solagōndī (participle present)
solagōd (participle past)

Old English: *solegian, *solgian

Middle English: solwen, solewen, sulwen

Old High German: solagōn

Middle High German: soligen, solgen, sulgen

⇒ Old High German: bisolagōn

Middle High German: besoligen, besolgen, besulgen