strangiʀō

strangiʀō (masculine nominative singular)
strangiʀā (feminine nominative singular)
strangiʀā (neuter nominative singular)
strangiʀan (accusative masculine singular)
strangiʀōn (accusative feminine singular)
strangiʀā (accusative neuter singular)
strangiʀini (genitive masculine singular)
strangiʀan (genitive masculine singular)
strangiʀōn (feminine genitive singular)
strangiʀini (genitive neuter singular)
strangiʀan (genitive neuter singular)
strangiʀini (dative masculine singular)
strangiʀan (dative masculine singular)
strangiʀōn (dative feminine singular)
strangiʀini (dative neuter singular)
strangiʀan (dative neuter singular)
strangiʀini (instrumental masculine singular)
strangiʀan (instrumental masculine singular)
strangiʀōn (feminine instrumental singular)
strangiʀini (instrumental neuter singular)
strangiʀan (instrumental neuter singular)
strangiʀan (masculine nominative plural)
strangiʀōn (feminine nominative plural)
strangiʀōn (neuter nominative plural)
strangiʀan (accusative masculine plural)
strangiʀōn (accusative feminine plural)
strangiʀōn (accusative neuter plural)
strangiʀanō (genitive masculine plural)
strangiʀōnō (feminine genitive plural)
strangiʀanō (genitive neuter plural)
strangiʀum (dative masculine plural)
strangiʀōm (dative feminine plural)
strangiʀum (dative feminine plural)
strangiʀum (dative neuter plural)
strangiʀum (instrumental masculine plural)
strangiʀōm (feminine instrumental plural)
strangiʀum (feminine instrumental plural)
strangiʀum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: strengra
Middle English: strengere, strongere
English: stronger

From Proto-Germanic *strangizô. Equivalent to *strang (“strong”) + *-iʀō.

comparative degree of *strang (“strong”): stronger


kefrō

kefrō (nominative singular)
kefran (nominative plural)
kefran (accusative singular)
kefran (accusative plural)
kifrini (genitive singular)
kefran (genitive singular)
kefranō (genitive plural)
kifrini (dative singular)
kefran (dative singular)
kefrum (dative plural)
kifrini (instrumental singular)
kefran (instrumental singular)
kefrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ċeafor
Middle English: chafur, chavere
English: chafer

Old Saxon: kevera

Middle Low German: kever, sever

German Low German: Käver, Sever, Sevver, Sebber

Old Dutch: *keviro

Middle Dutch: kever

Dutch: kever

Afrikaans: kewer

Old High German: cheviro, chevar
Middle High German: kever
Alemannic German: Chääfer
German: Käfer
→ Ladin: chëifer
⇒ Luxembourgish: Kiewerlek (from MHG *keverlinc)

Unknown; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵebʰ- (“to eat, chew”), perhaps related to *kafl (“jaw”).


slidrōn

slidrōn (infinitive)
slidrōnijas (genitive infinitive)
slidrōnijē (dative infinitive)
slidrōniju (infinitive instrumental)
slidrō (first-person present singular)
slidrōdā (first-person past singular)
slidrōs (present second-person singular)
slidrōdēs (past second-person singular)
slidrōdōs (past second-person singular)
slidrōþ (present singular third-person)
slidrōdē (past singular third-person)
slidrōdā (past singular third-person)
slidrōm (first-person plural present)
slidrōdum (first-person past plural)
slidrōþ (plural present second-person)
slidrōdud (past plural second-person)
slidrōnþ (plural present third-person)
slidrōdun (past plural third-person)
slidrōdī (first-person past singular)
slidrōdī (past second-person singular)
slidrō (present singular third-person)
slidrōdī (past singular third-person)
slidrōdīm (first-person past plural)
slidrōdīd (past plural second-person)
slidrōn (plural present third-person)
slidrōdīn (past plural third-person)
slidrō (present singular)
slidrōþ (plural present)
slidrōndī (participle present)
slidrōd (participle past)

Old English: slidrian, sliderian

desctree

Middle English: slideren, slidren, slitheren, slider, slyderyn, slyther, slidre, sledryn
English: slidder, slither
Scots: slidder
Yola: slider

Old Saxon: *slidrōn

Middle Low German: *slidren, *slidderen

Low German: sliddern

→ German: schlittern

Old Dutch: *slidron

desc

Middle Dutch: slideren, slidren, slidderen

Dutch: slidderen, slijderen, slieren

West Flemish: sleren

Old High German: slidrōn

From *slīdan (“to slide”) + *-rōn (frequentative).


tamisu

tamisu (nominative singular)
tamisō (nominative plural)
tamisā (accusative singular)
tamisā (accusative plural)
tamisā (genitive singular)
tamisō (genitive plural)
tamisē (dative singular)
tamisōm (dative plural)
tamisum (dative plural)
tamisu (instrumental singular)
tamisōm (instrumental plural)
tamisum (instrumental plural)

desc

Old English: *tæmes, *temes (in compounds)

desctree

Middle English: temse, temes, temeze, temmes, temps, tempse, temys, temze
English: temse, tems, tempse
Scots: teemse

Old Frisian: *tames, *temes, *temse

Saterland Frisian: Teemse

West Frisian: teams, tiems

Old Saxon: *temusa, *temisa

Middle Low German: temese, temse f; temes, temis, tems n

German Low German: Teemse, Teems

Old Dutch: *temusa, *temisa, *temsa

Middle Dutch: temse, tems, temst

Dutch: teems (dialectal)

Old High German: zemisa; temis, zemis

Middle High German: *zemes, *zems

German: Zimes, Zems, Zims (dialectal)

Unknown; perhaps borrowed from Gaulish/Gallo-Romance *tamisium, *tamision; in any case, cognate with Latin tamisium (more at tamis) and possibly Ancient Greek τάμῐσος (támisos).
The Gaulish word itself is of uncertain origin, perhaps borrowed from a substrate. The closest Celtic cognate is Breton tamoez, tañouiz, but this itself could be a Romance borrowing.


strōd

strōd (nominative singular)
strōdiʀu (nominative plural)
strōd (accusative singular)
strōdiʀu (accusative plural)
strōdiʀi (genitive singular)
strōdiʀō (genitive plural)
strōdiʀi (dative singular)
strōdiʀum (dative plural)
strōdiʀi (instrumental singular)
strōdiʀum (instrumental plural)
strōd (nominative singular)
strōdi (nominative plural)
strōdu (accusative singular)
strōdi (accusative plural)
strōdi (genitive singular)
strōdō (genitive plural)
strōdi (dative singular)
strōdum (dative plural)
strōdi (instrumental singular)
strōdum (instrumental plural)

Old English: strōd, strōþ n

Middle English: strothe

English: Strood (placename)

⇒ Old English: *strōdor, *strōþor

Middle English: strother, struther

Old Saxon: *strōd

Middle Low German: strôt m or f

Low German: Strod (Westphalian)

Old Dutch: *strōd, *struoda f

Middle Dutch: stroede, stroet

Dutch: stroet, Stroe (placename)

→ Latin: strude (attested in Latin texts)

Old High German: struot f

Middle High German: struot

German: Struth (archaic)

Unknown. Suggested to be from Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃- (“to spread; strew”), compare Sanskrit प्रस्तर (prastara, “plain”).


Hildirīk

Hildirīk (nominative singular)
Hildirīki (nominative plural)
Hildirīku (accusative singular)
Hildirīki (accusative plural)
Hildirīki (genitive singular)
Hildirīkō (genitive plural)
Hildirīki (dative singular)
Hildirīkum (dative plural)
Hildirīki (instrumental singular)
Hildirīkum (instrumental plural)

desc

→ Latin: Hilderīcus, Childerīcus, Ilderīcus (see there for further descendants)


Gaiʀahard

Gaiʀahard (nominative singular)
Gaiʀahard (accusative singular)
Gaiʀahardas (genitive singular)
Gaiʀahardē (dative singular)
Gaiʀahardu (instrumental singular)

Old English: Gārheard

desctree

Old Dutch: *Gērhart (attested in placenames)
Middle Dutch: Gherart, Gerart
Dutch: Gerard, Geert, Gert

Old High German: Gērhart

German: Gerhard

→ Hungarian: Gellért

→ Old Norse: Geirarðr

→ Old French: Gerart
French: Gérard
→ English: Gerard
→ Irish: Gearóid

→ Latin: Gerardus

Catalan: Gerard

Italian: Gerardo, Gherardo

Spanish: Gerardo

From *gaiʀ (“spear”) + *hard(ī) (“brave, hard”).

af

a male given name, equivalent to English Gerard


elpand

elpand (nominative singular)
elpandō (nominative plural)
elpandōs (nominative plural)
elpand (accusative singular)
elpandā (accusative plural)
elpandas (genitive singular)
elpandō (genitive plural)
elpandē (dative singular)
elpandum (dative plural)
elpandu (instrumental singular)
elpandum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: elpend, ylpend, ylp
Middle English: elp, ylp

Old Dutch: *elpand

Middle Dutch: elpend

Old High German: helfan, helfant

desc

Middle High German: hëlfant, elefant, elfant (relatinisation)

Alemannic German: Elifant

desctree

German: Elefant, Elephant (obsolete)
→ Kashubian: élefant
→ Lower Sorbian: elefant
→ Saterland Frisian: Elefant

Luxembourgish: Elefant

Vilamovian: elefaont

Yiddish: העלפֿאַנד (helfand)

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Borrowed from Latin elephantus (“elephant”). Doublet of *olbandu (“camel”).


lehtr

lehtr (nominative singular)
lehtru (nominative plural)
lehtr (accusative singular)
lehtru (accusative plural)
lehtras (genitive singular)
lehtrō (genitive plural)
lehtrē (dative singular)
lehtrum (dative plural)
lehtru (instrumental singular)
lehtrum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: lehtar

Old High German: lehtar

⇒ Old High German: gilehtar

Middle High German: gelihter, gelichter

German: Gelichter

From *liggjan (“to lie, rest”) + *-þr. Diachronically cognate with Ancient Greek λέκτρον (léktron, “couch, bed”).


haimgard

haimgard (nominative singular)
haimgardō (nominative plural)
haimgardōs (nominative plural)
haimgard (accusative singular)
haimgardā (accusative plural)
haimgardas (genitive singular)
haimgardō (genitive plural)
haimgardē (dative singular)
haimgardum (dative plural)
haimgardu (instrumental singular)
haimgardum (instrumental plural)

Old High German: heimgart (“forum”)

desc

→ Old French: *hamgart, hangart, hangard

Middle French: hangart, hangard, hanghart, hangar (“shed, hangar”)

French: hangar (see there for further descendants)

From *haim (“home, village”) + *gard (“enclosure, yard”).

af

enclosure surrounding a house or group of houses


rīfilōn

rīfilōn (infinitive)
rīfilōnijas (genitive infinitive)
rīfilōnijē (dative infinitive)
rīfilōniju (infinitive instrumental)
rīfilō (first-person present singular)
rīfilōdā (first-person past singular)
rīfilōs (present second-person singular)
rīfilōdēs (past second-person singular)
rīfilōdōs (past second-person singular)
rīfilōþ (present singular third-person)
rīfilōdē (past singular third-person)
rīfilōdā (past singular third-person)
rīfilōm (first-person plural present)
rīfilōdum (first-person past plural)
rīfilōþ (plural present second-person)
rīfilōdud (past plural second-person)
rīfilōnþ (plural present third-person)
rīfilōdun (past plural third-person)
rīfilōdī (first-person past singular)
rīfilōdī (past second-person singular)
rīfilō (present singular third-person)
rīfilōdī (past singular third-person)
rīfilōdīm (first-person past plural)
rīfilōdīd (past plural second-person)
rīfilōn (plural present third-person)
rīfilōdīn (past plural third-person)
rīfilō (present singular)
rīfilōþ (plural present)
rīfilōndī (participle present)
rīfilōd (participle past)

Old English: geriflian

West Frisian: riffelje

Low German: rieveln, riffeln, ruffelen

Old Dutch: riffilon

desc

Middle Dutch: rijffelen, rijfelen, ruifelen, ruyffelen

Dutch: rijfelen (obsolete)

Old High German: riffilōn

→ Old French: rifler, riffler, ryffler, rofler, rufler, rufeler (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Germanic *rīfilōną (“to scrape, scratch, graze”), *rīfjaną, *rīfaną (“to tear, rend”) + *-lōną (frequentative suffix). Cognate with Old Norse hrufla (“to graze”).


willjakwemō

Old English: wilcuma, wilcume

desc

Middle English: welcome, wolcume, wulcume, wilcume

Scots: walcome

English: welcome

→ Tok Pisin: welkam

→ Pitcairn-Norfolk: welkam

⇒ Old English: wilcumian, wylcumian, wellcumian (verb)

Middle English: wilcumen, wolcumen, welcomen

English: welcome

Scots: welcum, welcom, wellcom, willcom

⇒ Old English: ġewilcumian

Old Frisian: *wilkuma

Saterland Frisian: wilkemen, wülkemen, wäilkúmen

West Frisian: wolkom

Old Saxon: *willikumo

Middle Low German: willekome, wilkome, willekom

⇒ Middle Low German: willekomen, willekōmen (verb)

⇒ Middle Low German: willekōmen, wolkōmen (past participle, adjective)

German Low German: willkomen

→ Old Norse: velkominn (adjective)

Icelandic: velkominn

Faroese: vælkomin

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: velkommen

Norwegian Nynorsk: velkomen, velkommen

Old Swedish: vælkomin

Swedish: välkommen

Danish: velkommen

Old Dutch: *willikumo

Middle Dutch: willecome, wellecome, welcome

Dutch: welkom

Afrikaans: welkom

Limburgish: welkom, wilkóm

→ Old French: willecome, willecomme, wilecome

Middle French: willecomme (adjective, interjection)

⇒ Old French: willecomer, wilecomer (verb)

Middle French: welcumer, welcomer, welcomier (verb)

Old High German: willikwemo, williquemo, willikomo, willechomen

Middle High German: willekomen

Alemannic German: wéllkòmm, wol chomne, wolgcheemen, woul chemne

Cimbrian: bóolkhèmm

German: willkommen

Luxembourgish: wëllkëmm

Vulgar Latin: *bene venītus, *bene venūtus (calqued) (see there for further descendants)


Erknabalþ

Erknabalþ (nominative singular)
Erknabalþ (accusative singular)
Erknabalþā (accusative plural)
Erknabalþas (genitive singular)
Erknabalþō (genitive plural)
Erknabalþē (dative singular)
Erknabalþum (dative plural)
Erknabalþu (instrumental singular)
Erknabalþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: Eorcenbald

Old High German: Erchimbold, Erkenbald, Erchanbald, Erkanbald

→ Latin: Archibaldus

→ Old French: Archaunbault

→ English: Archibald, Archie, Archy

French: Archambault, Archaimbaud, Archenbaud, Archimbaud

Italian: Archimboldo, Arcimbaldo, Arcimboldo

Portuguese: Arquibaldo, Arquimbaldo

Spanish: Archibaldo

From *erkn (“pure, holy, genuine, precious”) + *balþ (“strong, bold”).


uʀgōl

uʀgōl (masculine nominative singular)
uʀgōlu (feminine nominative singular)
uʀgōl (neuter nominative singular)
uʀgōlanā (accusative masculine singular)
uʀgōlā (accusative feminine singular)
uʀgōl (accusative neuter singular)
uʀgōlas (genitive masculine singular)
uʀgōleʀā (feminine genitive singular)
uʀgōlas (genitive neuter singular)
uʀgōlumē (dative masculine singular)
uʀgōleʀē (dative feminine singular)
uʀgōlumē (dative neuter singular)
uʀgōlu (instrumental masculine singular)
uʀgōleʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
uʀgōlu (instrumental neuter singular)
uʀgōlē (masculine nominative plural)
uʀgōlō (feminine nominative plural)
uʀgōlu (neuter nominative plural)
uʀgōlā (accusative masculine plural)
uʀgōlā (accusative feminine plural)
uʀgōlu (accusative neuter plural)
uʀgōleʀō (genitive masculine plural)
uʀgōleʀō (feminine genitive plural)
uʀgōleʀō (genitive neuter plural)
uʀgōlēm (dative masculine plural)
uʀgōlum (dative masculine plural)
uʀgōlēm (dative feminine plural)
uʀgōlum (dative feminine plural)
uʀgōlēm (dative neuter plural)
uʀgōlum (dative neuter plural)
uʀgōlēm (instrumental masculine plural)
uʀgōlum (instrumental masculine plural)
uʀgōlēm (feminine instrumental plural)
uʀgōlum (feminine instrumental plural)
uʀgōlēm (instrumental neuter plural)
uʀgōlum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Saxon: urgōl

Old High German: urguol, urgol

From *uʀ- (“out, over”) + *gōl, from Proto-Germanic *gōliz, vṛddhi-derivative of Proto-Germanic *galaną.


skuldru

skuldru (nominative singular)
skoldrō (nominative plural)
skoldrā (accusative singular)
skoldrā (accusative plural)
skoldrā (genitive singular)
skoldrō (genitive plural)
skuldrē (dative singular)
skoldrōm (dative plural)
skuldrum (dative plural)
skuldru (instrumental singular)
skoldrōm (instrumental plural)
skuldrum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: sċuldra, sċuldor, sċuldru
Middle English: schuldre, sholder, shulder, schulder, scholder, ssoldre, ssuldre, scholdur, sculdre, schuldyr, sholdre, schuldir
English: shoulder
Scots: schulder, schoulder, schouldir, schuder
Yola: shuller

Old Frisian: skuldere

Saterland Frisian: Schullere, Skullere (<? Low German)

West Frisian: skouder

Old Saxon: *skuldro

Middle Low German: scholder

Low German: Schuller

Plautdietsch: Schulla

→ Norwegian Bokmål: skulder

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: skulder

→ Swedish: skuldra

→ Danish: skulder

→ Gutnish: skuldre, skuldrå

Old Dutch: *sculdero
Middle Dutch: schoudere
Dutch: schouder
Limburgish: sjouwer

Old High German: scultera, scultra

Middle High German: schulter, schulder

Central Franconian: Scholder

Bavarian: Schuiter, Schulter

German: Schulter

Luxembourgish: Schëller

→ Esperanto: ŝultro

Unknown; perhaps related to *skeldu (“shield”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to split”).

der

, *bōgu


pikkōn

pikkōn (infinitive)
pikkōnijas (genitive infinitive)
pikkōnijē (dative infinitive)
pikkōniju (infinitive instrumental)
pikkō (first-person present singular)
pikkōdā (first-person past singular)
pikkōs (present second-person singular)
pikkōdēs (past second-person singular)
pikkōdōs (past second-person singular)
pikkōþ (present singular third-person)
pikkōdē (past singular third-person)
pikkōdā (past singular third-person)
pikkōm (first-person plural present)
pikkōdum (first-person past plural)
pikkōþ (plural present second-person)
pikkōdud (past plural second-person)
pikkōnþ (plural present third-person)
pikkōdun (past plural third-person)
pikkōdī (first-person past singular)
pikkōdī (past second-person singular)
pikkō (present singular third-person)
pikkōdī (past singular third-person)
pikkōdīm (first-person past plural)
pikkōdīd (past plural second-person)
pikkōn (plural present third-person)
pikkōdīn (past plural third-person)
pikkō (present singular)
pikkōþ (plural present)
pikkōndī (participle present)
pikkōd (participle past)

Old English: *piccian, *pīcian, pȳcan

Middle English: piken, picken, pikken

English: pick

Scots: pik

q

Middle English: pecken, pekken (possible borrowing from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German forms)

English: peck

Scots: peck

Old Saxon: *pikkōn

Middle Low German: picken, pecken

German Low German: picken

→ German: picken

Old Dutch: *pikken

Middle Dutch: picken, pecken, peken

Dutch: pikken

Old High German: picchen

desc

→ Vulgar Latin: *piccō (“to strike, sting”) (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Germanic *pikkōną (“to pick, peck”).


warjan

warjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
warjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
warjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
warjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
warju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
waridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
warisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
waridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
waridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wariþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
waridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
waridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
warjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
waridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wariþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
waridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
warjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
waridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
warjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
waridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
warjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
waridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
warjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
waridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
warjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
waridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
warjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
waridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
warjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
waridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wari (class-1 present singular weak)
wariþ (class-1 plural present weak)
warjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
warid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: werian

Middle English: werien

desc

English: weir, wear (“to guard, watch, defend”)

Scots: were, wer, weir

Old Saxon: werian

Middle Low German: weren

→ Polabian: varo

Old Dutch: *werien

desctree

Middle Dutch: weren
Dutch: weren
Limburgish: waere

Old High German: werien

Middle High German: weren, wern

Cimbrian: bèaran

German: wehren

Luxembourgish: wieren

→ Vulgar Latin: *wariō

Old French: guarir (see there for further descendants)

Piedmontese: guarì, varì

Italian: guarire

Old Occitan: garir, guarir

desc

Old Catalan: guarir, garir, guayrir, gorir

Catalan: guarir

Occitan: garir

West Iberian

Old Galician-Portuguese: guarir

Galician: gorir, guarir

Old Spanish: guarir

Spanish: guarir

→ Vulgar Latin: *warantus

Old French: garant (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *warantire

Old French: guarantir (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *warantia

Old French: guarantie (see there for further descendants)


Audawakr

Audawakr (nominative singular)
Audawakr (accusative singular)
Audawakkrā (accusative plural)
Audawakkrō (genitive plural)
Audawakkrē (dative singular)
Audawakkru (instrumental singular)

Old English: Ēadwacer, *Ēadwaccor, *Ēadwacor

desctree

Old High German: Ōtacher, *Ōtakar, *Ōtachar
Middle High German: Otakar, Ottokar
German: Otakar, Ottokar
→ Czech: Otakar

→ Latin: Ādovacrius, Ōdovacrius

From Proto-Germanic *Audawakraz. Equivalent to *aud (“wealth, riches”) + *wakr (“awake, watchful”).


skinkō

skinkō (nominative singular)
skinkan (nominative plural)
skinkan (accusative singular)
skinkan (accusative plural)
skinkini (genitive singular)
skinkan (genitive singular)
skinkanō (genitive plural)
skinkini (dative singular)
skinkan (dative singular)
skinkum (dative plural)
skinkini (instrumental singular)
skinkan (instrumental singular)
skinkum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *sċenc

Middle English: schench, shench

Old Frisian: *skinka (perhaps via Low German)

Saterland Frisian: Skinke

West Frisian: skinke

Old Saxon: skinka f

Middle Low German: schinke, schink

German Low German: Schinke, Schink

Plautdietsch: Schinkjen

→ Danish: skinke

→ English: skink

→ Icelandic: skinka

→ Norwegian Bokmål: skinke

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: skinke

→ Swedish: skinka

Old Dutch: *skinko

Middle Dutch: schinke

Dutch: schink

Limburgish: sjink

desctree

Old High German: scinco
Middle High German: schinke
German: Schinken (see there for further descendants)
Luxembourgish: Schank
Pennsylvania German: Schinke

From Proto-Germanic *skinkô, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keng- (“to limp; be inclined; aslant”).


ribi

ribi (nominative singular)
ribbju (nominative plural)
ribi (accusative singular)
ribbju (accusative plural)
ribbjas (genitive singular)
ribbjō (genitive plural)
ribbjē (dative singular)
ribbjum (dative plural)
ribbju (instrumental singular)
ribbjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ribb, rib

Middle English: ribbe, rib

Scots: rib

English: rib

Old Frisian: ribb, rebb, rib, reb

North Frisian: robb, rabb

Saterland Frisian: Ribbe

West Frisian: ribbe

Old Saxon: ribbi

Middle Low German: ribbe, rebbe

German Low German: Ribbe, Ribb

Low German: Ribbe

→ Danish: rib

→ Norwegian: ribbe

→ Swedish: ribba

Old Dutch: *ribbi

Middle Dutch: ribbe, rebbe

Dutch: ribbe, rib

Old High German: ribi, ribbi, rippi; ribba, rippa

Middle High German: ribbe, ribe, rippe

German: Rippe; Riebe (obsolete)

Luxembourgish: Rëpp

Vilamovian: rejw

Yiddish: ריפּ (rip)


basōn

basōn (infinitive)
basōnijas (genitive infinitive)
basōnijē (dative infinitive)
basōniju (infinitive instrumental)
basō (first-person present singular)
basōdā (first-person past singular)
basōs (present second-person singular)
basōdēs (past second-person singular)
basōdōs (past second-person singular)
basōþ (present singular third-person)
basōdē (past singular third-person)
basōdā (past singular third-person)
basōm (first-person plural present)
basōdum (first-person past plural)
basōþ (plural present second-person)
basōdud (past plural second-person)
basōnþ (plural present third-person)
basōdun (past plural third-person)
basōdī (first-person past singular)
basōdī (past second-person singular)
basō (present singular third-person)
basōdī (past singular third-person)
basōdīm (first-person past plural)
basōdīd (past plural second-person)
basōn (plural present third-person)
basōdīn (past plural third-person)
basō (present singular)
basōþ (plural present)
basōndī (participle present)
basōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *bason

Middle Low German: basen

Old Dutch: *bason

Middle Dutch: basen

Dutch: bazen


halsijan

halsijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
halsijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
halsijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
halsijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
halsiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
halsidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
halsisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
halsidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
halsidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
halsiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
halsidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
halsidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
halsijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
halsidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
halsiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
halsidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
halsijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
halsidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
halsijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
halsidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
halsijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
halsidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
halsijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
halsidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
halsijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
halsidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
halsijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
halsidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
halsijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
halsidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
halsi (class-1 present singular weak)
halsiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
halsijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
halsid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: helsian

Middle Low German: helsen

Old Dutch: *helsen

Middle Dutch: helsen
Dutch: helzen

Old High German: helsen

Middle High German: helsen


gawirkijan

gawirkijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
gawirkijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
gawirkijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
gawirkijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
gawirkiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
gawirkidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
gawirkisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
gawirkidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
gawirkidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
gawirkiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
gawirkidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
gawirkidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
gawirkijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
gawirkidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
gawirkiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
gawirkidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
gawirkijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
gawirkidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
gawirkijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
gawirkidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
gawirkijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
gawirkidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
gawirkijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
gawirkidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
gawirkijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
gawirkidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
gawirkijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
gawirkidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
gawirkijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
gawirkidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
gawirki (class-1 present singular weak)
gawirkiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
gawirkijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
gawirkid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: ġewyrċan, ġewyrċean, ġewerċean
Middle English: iwurche

Old Saxon: giwirkian, giwirkjan

desc

Old High German: gawurchen, gawurchan, giwurchen


fundōn

fundōn (infinitive)
fundōnijas (genitive infinitive)
fundōnijē (dative infinitive)
fundōniju (infinitive instrumental)
fundō (first-person present singular)
fundōdā (first-person past singular)
fundōs (present second-person singular)
fundōdēs (past second-person singular)
fundōdōs (past second-person singular)
fundōþ (present singular third-person)
fundōdē (past singular third-person)
fundōdā (past singular third-person)
fundōm (first-person plural present)
fundōdum (first-person past plural)
fundōþ (plural present second-person)
fundōdud (past plural second-person)
fundōnþ (plural present third-person)
fundōdun (past plural third-person)
fundōdī (first-person past singular)
fundōdī (past second-person singular)
fundō (present singular third-person)
fundōdī (past singular third-person)
fundōdīm (first-person past plural)
fundōdīd (past plural second-person)
fundōn (plural present third-person)
fundōdīn (past plural third-person)
fundō (present singular)
fundōþ (plural present)
fundōndī (participle present)
fundōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: fundian
Middle English: fundien, founden

Old Saxon: fundōn

Old High German: *funtōn

⇒ Old High German: anafuntōn

From *fundī (“able to be found, findable”) + *-ōn.


hreuwōn

hreuwōn (infinitive)
hreuwōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hreuwōnijē (dative infinitive)
hreuwōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hreuwō (first-person present singular)
hreuwōdā (first-person past singular)
hreuwōs (present second-person singular)
hreuwōdēs (past second-person singular)
hreuwōdōs (past second-person singular)
hreuwōþ (present singular third-person)
hreuwōdē (past singular third-person)
hreuwōdā (past singular third-person)
hreuwōm (first-person plural present)
hreuwōdum (first-person past plural)
hreuwōþ (plural present second-person)
hreuwōdud (past plural second-person)
hreuwōnþ (plural present third-person)
hreuwōdun (past plural third-person)
hreuwōdī (first-person past singular)
hreuwōdī (past second-person singular)
hreuwō (present singular third-person)
hreuwōdī (past singular third-person)
hreuwōdīm (first-person past plural)
hreuwōdīd (past plural second-person)
hreuwōn (plural present third-person)
hreuwōdīn (past plural third-person)
hreuwō (present singular)
hreuwōþ (plural present)
hreuwōndī (participle present)
hreuwōd (participle past)

Old English: hrēowian

Old Frisian: *hriōwia

West Frisian: rouje

Old Saxon: hriuwōn, hreuwōn

Old Dutch: *hriuwon, *riuwon

⇒ Old Dutch: beriuwon

Old High German: hriuwōn, riuwōn

From *hreuwu (“regret; penance”) + *-ōn.


launōn

launōn (infinitive)
launōnijas (genitive infinitive)
launōnijē (dative infinitive)
launōniju (infinitive instrumental)
launō (first-person present singular)
launōdā (first-person past singular)
launōs (present second-person singular)
launōdēs (past second-person singular)
launōdōs (past second-person singular)
launōþ (present singular third-person)
launōdē (past singular third-person)
launōdā (past singular third-person)
launōm (first-person plural present)
launōdum (first-person past plural)
launōþ (plural present second-person)
launōdud (past plural second-person)
launōnþ (plural present third-person)
launōdun (past plural third-person)
launōdī (first-person past singular)
launōdī (past second-person singular)
launō (present singular third-person)
launōdī (past singular third-person)
launōdīm (first-person past plural)
launōdīd (past plural second-person)
launōn (plural present third-person)
launōdīn (past plural third-person)
launō (present singular)
launōþ (plural present)
launōndī (participle present)
launōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: lōnon

Middle Low German: lōnen

Low German: lohnen

Old Dutch: *lōnon

Middle Dutch: lônen

Dutch: lonen

Afrikaans: loon

Old High German: lōnōn

Middle High German: lōnen

German: lohnen


bidreugan

bidreugan (infinitive)
bidreugannjas (genitive infinitive)
bidreugannjē (dative infinitive)
bidreugannju (infinitive instrumental)
bidreugu (first-person present singular)
bidraug (first-person past singular)
bidriugiʀi (present second-person singular)
bidrugī (past second-person singular)
bidriugidi (present singular third-person)
bidraug (past singular third-person)
bidreugum (first-person plural present)
bidrugum (first-person past plural)
bidriugid (plural present second-person)
bidrugud (past plural second-person)
bidreugand (plural present third-person)
bidrugun (past plural third-person)
bidreugē (first-person present singular)
bidrugī (first-person past singular)
bidreugēs (present second-person singular)
bidreugē (present singular third-person)
bidrugī (past singular third-person)
bidreugēm (first-person plural present)
bidrugīm (first-person past plural)
bidreugēþ (plural present second-person)
bidrugīd (past plural second-person)
bidreugēn (plural present third-person)
bidrugīn (past plural third-person)
bidriug (present singular)
bidriugid (plural present)
bidreugandī (participle present)
bidrogan (participle past)

Old Frisian: bidriāga

Saterland Frisian: bedrjooge

West Frisian: bedrage

Old Saxon: bidriogan

Middle Low German: bedrêgen

Low German: bedregen

Plautdietsch: bedroagen

→ Danish: bedrage

→ Swedish: bedraga, bedra

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: bedrage

Norwegian Nynorsk: bedrage, bedraga

Old Dutch: bedriegan

Middle Dutch: bedriegen

Dutch: bedriegen

→ West Frisian: bedrige

Old High German: bitriogan

Middle High German: betriegen

German: betrügen


bigrīpan

bigrīpan (infinitive)
bigrīpannjas (genitive infinitive)
bigrīpannjē (dative infinitive)
bigrīpannju (infinitive instrumental)
bigrīpu (first-person present singular)
bigraip (first-person past singular)
bigrīpiʀi (present second-person singular)
bigripī (past second-person singular)
bigrīpidi (present singular third-person)
bigraip (past singular third-person)
bigrīpum (first-person plural present)
bigripum (first-person past plural)
bigrīpid (plural present second-person)
bigripud (past plural second-person)
bigrīpand (plural present third-person)
bigripun (past plural third-person)
bigrīpē (first-person present singular)
bigripī (first-person past singular)
bigrīpēs (present second-person singular)
bigrīpē (present singular third-person)
bigripī (past singular third-person)
bigrīpēm (first-person plural present)
bigripīm (first-person past plural)
bigrīpēþ (plural present second-person)
bigripīd (past plural second-person)
bigrīpēn (plural present third-person)
bigripīn (past plural third-person)
bigrīp (present singular)
bigrīpid (plural present)
bigrīpandī (participle present)
bigripan (participle past)

Old English: begrīpan

Middle English: bigripen, begripen

English: begripe, begrip

Old Frisian: bigrīpa

West Frisian: begripe

Old Saxon: bigrīpan

Middle Low German: begripen

→ Danish: begribe

→ Swedish: begripa

Old Dutch: bigrīpan

Middle Dutch: begripen

desctree

Dutch: begrijpen
Afrikaans: begryp
→ Sranan Tongo: bekrèip
→ Caribbean Javanese: bekhrèip

Old High German: bigrīfan

Middle High German: begrifen

German: begreifen


waʀōn

waʀōn (infinitive)
waʀōnijas (genitive infinitive)
waʀōnijē (dative infinitive)
waʀōniju (infinitive instrumental)
waʀō (first-person present singular)
waʀōdā (first-person past singular)
waʀōs (present second-person singular)
waʀōdēs (past second-person singular)
waʀōdōs (past second-person singular)
waʀōþ (present singular third-person)
waʀōdē (past singular third-person)
waʀōdā (past singular third-person)
waʀōm (first-person plural present)
waʀōdum (first-person past plural)
waʀōþ (plural present second-person)
waʀōdud (past plural second-person)
waʀōnþ (plural present third-person)
waʀōdun (past plural third-person)
waʀōdī (first-person past singular)
waʀōdī (past second-person singular)
waʀō (present singular third-person)
waʀōdī (past singular third-person)
waʀōdīm (first-person past plural)
waʀōdīd (past plural second-person)
waʀōn (plural present third-person)
waʀōdīn (past plural third-person)
waʀō (present singular)
waʀōþ (plural present)
waʀōndī (participle present)
waʀōd (participle past)

Old English: warian

Old Saxon: warōn

Middle Low German: wāren

German Low German: wohren

Old Dutch: *waron

Middle Dutch: waren

⇒ Old Dutch: giwaron

Old High German: warōn

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to dwell, remain”).


weʀēn

weʀēn (infinitive)
weʀēnijas (genitive infinitive)
weʀēnijē (dative infinitive)
weʀēniju (infinitive instrumental)
weʀē (first-person present singular)
weʀ?dā (first-person past singular)
weʀēs (present second-person singular)
weʀ?dēs (past second-person singular)
weʀēþ (present singular third-person)
weʀ?dē (past singular third-person)
weʀ?dā (past singular third-person)
weʀēm (first-person plural present)
weʀ?dum (first-person past plural)
weʀēþ (plural present second-person)
weʀ?dud (past plural second-person)
weʀēnþ (plural present third-person)
weʀ?dun (past plural third-person)
weʀ?dī (first-person past singular)
weʀ?dī (past second-person singular)
weʀē (present singular third-person)
weʀ?dī (past singular third-person)
weʀ?dīm (first-person past plural)
weʀ?dīd (past plural second-person)
weʀēn (plural present third-person)
weʀ?dīn (past plural third-person)
weʀē (present singular)
weʀēþ (plural present)
weʀēndī (participle present)
weʀ?d (participle past)

desctree

Old English: werian
Middle English: weren

Old Saxon: werōn
Middle Low German: wēren
German Low German: währen

Old Dutch: weron
Middle Dutch: weren
Dutch: weren (obsolete)

Old High German: werēn

Middle High German: wëren

German: währen


wurtiju

wurtiju (nominative singular)
wurtijō (nominative plural)
wurtijā (accusative singular)
wurtijā (accusative plural)
wurtijā (genitive singular)
wurtijō (genitive plural)
wurtijē (dative singular)
wurtijōm (dative plural)
wurtijum (dative plural)
wurtiju (instrumental singular)
wurtijōm (instrumental plural)
wurtijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wyrt (merged with descendant of *wurti)

desc

Middle English: worte, wortte, woort, wort

English: wort

Scots: wirt

⇒ Old English: māxwyrt

⇒ Old English: mealtwyrt

Old Saxon: wurtia

Middle Low German: wurte, worte

Old Dutch: *wurta

Middle Dutch: worte, wort

Dutch: wort

Old High German: wurza

Middle High German: wurze, würze

German: Würze

From *wurtijan (“to season, spice”) + *-u.


lōgēn

lōgēn (infinitive)
lōgēnijas (genitive infinitive)
lōgēnijē (dative infinitive)
lōgēniju (infinitive instrumental)
lōgē (first-person present singular)
lōg?dā (first-person past singular)
lōgēs (present second-person singular)
lōg?dēs (past second-person singular)
lōgēþ (present singular third-person)
lōg?dē (past singular third-person)
lōg?dā (past singular third-person)
lōgēm (first-person plural present)
lōg?dum (first-person past plural)
lōgēþ (plural present second-person)
lōg?dud (past plural second-person)
lōgēnþ (plural present third-person)
lōg?dun (past plural third-person)
lōg?dī (first-person past singular)
lōg?dī (past second-person singular)
lōgē (present singular third-person)
lōg?dī (past singular third-person)
lōg?dīm (first-person past plural)
lōg?dīd (past plural second-person)
lōgēn (plural present third-person)
lōg?dīn (past plural third-person)
lōgē (present singular)
lōgēþ (plural present)
lōgēndī (participle present)
lōg?d (participle past)

Old Saxon: *lōgōn

Middle Low German: lōgen, lůgen

Old High German: luogēn

Middle High German: luogen

Alemannic German: luege

Cimbrian: luugan

German: lugen


skankijō

skankijō (nominative singular)
skankijan (nominative plural)
skankijan (accusative singular)
skankijan (accusative plural)
skankijini (genitive singular)
skankijan (genitive singular)
skankijanō (genitive plural)
skankijini (dative singular)
skankijan (dative singular)
skankijum (dative plural)
skankijini (instrumental singular)
skankijan (instrumental singular)
skankijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sċenċ (“a draught; cup; beaker”).

Middle English: schenche (“drink, cup; cup-bearer”)

Old Frisian: skanze, skenze, *skanke (“a canteen; jug; tankard”)

Saterland Frisian: Schoanke, Skoanke

Old Saxon: skenkio

Middle Low German: scenke, schenke

Old Dutch: *skenco

Middle Dutch: schenke, schinke

Old High German: scenco, scencho

Middle High German: schenke

German: Schenk

⇒ Middle High German: geschenke

Cimbrian: gasénkh

German: Geschenk
→ Silesian: gyszynk

Luxembourgish: Geschenk

→ Old French: eschançon, eschanson, eschançun (see there for further descendants)

From *skankijan (“to pour (a drink)”) + *-jō.


aliþiudīg

aliþiudīg (masculine nominative singular)
aliþiudīgu (feminine nominative singular)
aliþiudīg (neuter nominative singular)
aliþiudīganā (accusative masculine singular)
aliþiudīgā (accusative feminine singular)
aliþiudīg (accusative neuter singular)
aliþiudīgas (genitive masculine singular)
aliþiudīgeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
aliþiudīgas (genitive neuter singular)
aliþiudīgumē (dative masculine singular)
aliþiudīgeʀē (dative feminine singular)
aliþiudīgumē (dative neuter singular)
aliþiudīgu (instrumental masculine singular)
aliþiudīgeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
aliþiudīgu (instrumental neuter singular)
aliþiudīgē (masculine nominative plural)
aliþiudīgō (feminine nominative plural)
aliþiudīgu (neuter nominative plural)
aliþiudīgā (accusative masculine plural)
aliþiudīgā (accusative feminine plural)
aliþiudīgu (accusative neuter plural)
aliþiudīgeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
aliþiudīgeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
aliþiudīgeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
aliþiudīgēm (dative masculine plural)
aliþiudīgum (dative masculine plural)
aliþiudīgēm (dative feminine plural)
aliþiudīgum (dative feminine plural)
aliþiudīgēm (dative neuter plural)
aliþiudīgum (dative neuter plural)
aliþiudīgēm (instrumental masculine plural)
aliþiudīgum (instrumental masculine plural)
aliþiudīgēm (feminine instrumental plural)
aliþiudīgum (feminine instrumental plural)
aliþiudīgēm (instrumental neuter plural)
aliþiudīgum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: elþīediġ, elþēodiġ

Old Saxon: elithiodig

Old High German: elidiutīg, elidiotīg

From *aliþeudu + *-g. For the first element, see *alljas (“otherwise, else”).


spōlijan

spōlijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
spōlijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
spōlijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
spōlijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
spōliju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
spōlidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
spōlisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
spōlidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spōlidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spōliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
spōlidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spōlidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spōlijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
spōlidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
spōliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
spōlidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
spōlijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
spōlidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
spōlijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
spōlidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
spōlijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
spōlidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
spōlijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
spōlidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
spōlijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
spōlidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
spōlijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
spōlidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
spōlijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
spōlidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
spōli (class-1 present singular weak)
spōliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
spōlijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
spōlid (class-1 participle past weak)

>? Old English: *spȳlian (for *spēlan ?)

⇒ Old English: āspȳlian

Old Frisian: *spēla

Saterland Frisian: späile

West Frisian: spiele

Old Saxon: *spōlian

Middle Low German: spôlen, spoelen, spö̂len

German Low German:

Altmärkisch, Westphalian (Bentheimisch, Westmünsterländisch): spöölen

Ostfriesisch: spölen

Westphalian:

Dortmundisch: spaẹ̆len

Sauerländisch (Brilon, Elpe, Schmallenberg, Drolshagen, Elspe, Kirchhundem, Selbecke), East Westphalian (Lippe): spoilen

Sauerländisch: spailen (Kurköln), spauelen (Niedersfeld), spülen (Wenden)

→ Danish: spule

→ Norwegian: spyle

→ Swedish: spola

Old Dutch: *spuolen

Middle Dutch: spoelen

Dutch: spoelen

Limburgish: spöle, sjpeule

Old High German: *spuolen (attested in irspuolen)

Middle High German: spüelen

Central Franconian: spöle, spele, spiele

Hunsrik: spiele

Luxembourgish: spullen

German: spülen

Unknown; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pleh₃- (“to swim, flow”); or possibly from a lost Proto-Germanic verb *spalaną (“to flow, wash”).
Alternatively, perhaps derived from or related to Proto-West Germanic *spōwijan (“to spray, squirt, flush”) and/or Proto-West Germanic *spūjōn (“to spew, spurt”).


kurnil

kurnil (nominative singular)
kurnilō (nominative plural)
kurnilōs (nominative plural)
kurnil (accusative singular)
kurnilā (accusative plural)
kurnilas (genitive singular)
kurnilō (genitive plural)
kurnilē (dative singular)
kurnilum (dative plural)
kurnilu (instrumental singular)
kurnilum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: cyrnel, cyrnl, cirnel
Middle English: kernel, cernel, curnel, kernell, kirnel, karnel, kurnel, kurnele, kyrnel, kyrnell, cornel
English: kernel
→ Japanese: カーネル (kāneru)
Scots: kirnel; churnel

Old Frisian: kernel

Saterland Frisian: Koarel

Old Saxon: *kurnil

Middle Low German: kornelle

German Low German: Körrel

Old Dutch: *kurnil

desc

Middle Dutch: carnel, kernel, carneel, kerneel

Dutch: kernel (dialectal)

⇒ Middle Dutch: carnelekijn, carnellekijn

(Anglo-Frisian Germanic) kernel of a nut


biþakkjan

biþakkjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
biþakkjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
biþakkjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
biþakkjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
biþakkju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
biþakidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
biþakisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
biþakidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
biþakidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
biþakiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
biþakidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
biþakidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
biþakkjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
biþakidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
biþakiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
biþakidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
biþakkjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
biþakidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
biþakkjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
biþakidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
biþakkjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
biþakidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
biþakkjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
biþakidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
biþakkjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
biþakidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
biþakkjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
biþakidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
biþakkjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
biþakidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
biþaki (class-1 present singular weak)
biþakiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
biþakkjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
biþakid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: beþeċċan, biþeċċan
Middle English: biþecchen, bithecchen
English: bethatch, (obsolete) bithecche

Old Frisian: *bithekka

Saterland Frisian: bedäkke

West Frisian: bedekke

Old Saxon: *bithekkian

Middle Low German: bedecken

German Low German: bedecken

→ Swedish: betäcka

→ Gutnish: bitäkke, betäkke

Old Dutch: *bithekken

Middle Dutch: bedecken
Dutch: bedekken
Limburgish: bedèkke

Old High German: *bidecchen

Middle High German: bedecken

German: bedecken


gahlaibō

gahhlaibō (nominative singular)
gahhlaiban (nominative plural)
gahhlaiban (accusative singular)
gahhlaiban (accusative plural)
gahhlaibini (genitive singular)
gahhlaiban (genitive singular)
gahhlaibanō (genitive plural)
gahhlaibini (dative singular)
gahhlaiban (dative singular)
gahhlaibum (dative plural)
gahhlaibini (instrumental singular)
gahhlaiban (instrumental singular)
gahhlaibum (instrumental plural)

desc

Old High German: *galaiba, kaleibo, galeipo (dative)

→ Late Latin: compāniō (calque) (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Germanic *gahlaibô (“messmate, comrade, companion”).


pāl

pāl (nominative singular)
pālō (nominative plural)
pālōs (nominative plural)
pāl (accusative singular)
pālā (accusative plural)
pālas (genitive singular)
pālō (genitive plural)
pālē (dative singular)
pālum (dative plural)
pālu (instrumental singular)
pālum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: pāl
Middle English: pole, pol, poll, pall, paal
English: pole
Scots: pale, pall
Yola: pulmere

Old Frisian: pāl
North Frisian: pul
West Frisian: peal, poal

Old Saxon: pāl

Middle Low German: pâl

German Low German: Pahl

Old Dutch: pāl

Middle Dutch: pale, pael

Dutch: paal

Old High German: pfāl, phāl
Middle High German: phāl, pfāl
German: Pfahl
Luxembourgish: Poul
Vilamovian: föł


stoppōn

stoppōn (infinitive)
stoppōnijas (genitive infinitive)
stoppōnijē (dative infinitive)
stoppōniju (infinitive instrumental)
stoppō (first-person present singular)
stoppōdā (first-person past singular)
stoppōs (present second-person singular)
stoppōdēs (past second-person singular)
stoppōdōs (past second-person singular)
stoppōþ (present singular third-person)
stoppōdē (past singular third-person)
stoppōdā (past singular third-person)
stoppōm (first-person plural present)
stoppōdum (first-person past plural)
stoppōþ (plural present second-person)
stoppōdud (past plural second-person)
stoppōnþ (plural present third-person)
stoppōdun (past plural third-person)
stoppōdī (first-person past singular)
stoppōdī (past second-person singular)
stoppō (present singular third-person)
stoppōdī (past singular third-person)
stoppōdīm (first-person past plural)
stoppōdīd (past plural second-person)
stoppōn (plural present third-person)
stoppōdīn (past plural third-person)
stoppō (present singular)
stoppōþ (plural present)
stoppōndī (participle present)
stoppōd (participle past)

Old English: stoppian
Middle English: stoppen, stoppien
English: stop (see there for further descendants)
Scots: stop, stap

Old Frisian: stoppia

Saterland Frisian: stopje

West Frisian: stopje

Old Saxon: *stoppōn

Middle Low German: stoppen

Low German: stoppen

→ German: stoppen

→ Old Norse: stoppa

Icelandic: stoppa

Faroese: stappa ?

Norwegian Bokmål: stoppe

Norwegian Nynorsk: stoppa, stoppe

Swedish: stoppa

Danish: stoppe

Old Dutch: *stoppon

Middle Dutch: stoppen

Dutch: stoppen
Afrikaans: stop
Berbice Creole Dutch: stupu
Negerhollands: stop, top
→ Caribbean Javanese: setop
→ Indonesian: setop
→ Papiamentu: stòp, stop

Old High German: stoffōn, stoppōn, stophōn
Middle High German: stopfen, stophen
German: stopfen
Hunsrik: stoppe
Luxembourgish: stoppen
→ Old French: estoffer, estofer
Middle French: estoffer
French: étoffer
→ Middle Dutch: stoffēren
Dutch: stofferen
→ Middle Low German: staffēren
→ German: staffieren
→ Middle English: stuffen
English: stuff
→ French: stoff
Scots: stuff

→? Medieval Latin: stuppō (see there for further descendants)

Unknown; According to Barnhart probably from Proto-Germanic *stuppōną (“to stop, close”), *stuppijaną (“to push, pierce, prick”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp-, *(s)tewb- (“to push; stick”), from *(s)tew- (“to bump; impact; butt; push; beat; strike; hit”). Alternatively, suggested to be borrowed from Latin stuppō (“to stop up, block, plug”), if not the other direction, but according to Century Dictionary, this is "on grounds of meaning somewhat doubtful". Alternatively, related to Proto-Germanic *stubbaz (“stump, stub”). See also Proto-Germanic *tappô.


blīþisōn

blīþisōn (infinitive)
blīþisōnijas (genitive infinitive)
blīþisōnijē (dative infinitive)
blīþisōniju (infinitive instrumental)
blīþisō (first-person present singular)
blīþisōdā (first-person past singular)
blīþisōs (present second-person singular)
blīþisōdēs (past second-person singular)
blīþisōdōs (past second-person singular)
blīþisōþ (present singular third-person)
blīþisōdē (past singular third-person)
blīþisōdā (past singular third-person)
blīþisōm (first-person plural present)
blīþisōdum (first-person past plural)
blīþisōþ (plural present second-person)
blīþisōdud (past plural second-person)
blīþisōnþ (plural present third-person)
blīþisōdun (past plural third-person)
blīþisōdī (first-person past singular)
blīþisōdī (past second-person singular)
blīþisō (present singular third-person)
blīþisōdī (past singular third-person)
blīþisōdīm (first-person past plural)
blīþisōdīd (past plural second-person)
blīþisōn (plural present third-person)
blīþisōdīn (past plural third-person)
blīþisō (present singular)
blīþisōþ (plural present)
blīþisōndī (participle present)
blīþisōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: blissian, blyssian, blissigan, blissiġean
Middle English: blissien, blissen, bliscien, blessen


godawabbjīn

godawabbjīn (masculine nominative singular)
godawabbjīnu (feminine nominative singular)
godawabbjīn (neuter nominative singular)
godawabbjīnanā (accusative masculine singular)
godawabbjīnā (accusative feminine singular)
godawabbjīn (accusative neuter singular)
godawabbjīnas (genitive masculine singular)
godawabbjīneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
godawabbjīnas (genitive neuter singular)
godawabbjīnumē (dative masculine singular)
godawabbjīneʀē (dative feminine singular)
godawabbjīnumē (dative neuter singular)
godawabbjīnu (instrumental masculine singular)
godawabbjīneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
godawabbjīnu (instrumental neuter singular)
godawabbjīnē (masculine nominative plural)
godawabbjīnō (feminine nominative plural)
godawabbjīnu (neuter nominative plural)
godawabbjīnā (accusative masculine plural)
godawabbjīnā (accusative feminine plural)
godawabbjīnu (accusative neuter plural)
godawabbjīneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
godawabbjīneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
godawabbjīneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
godawabbjīnēm (dative masculine plural)
godawabbjīnum (dative masculine plural)
godawabbjīnēm (dative feminine plural)
godawabbjīnum (dative feminine plural)
godawabbjīnēm (dative neuter plural)
godawabbjīnum (dative neuter plural)
godawabbjīnēm (instrumental masculine plural)
godawabbjīnum (instrumental masculine plural)
godawabbjīnēm (feminine instrumental plural)
godawabbjīnum (feminine instrumental plural)
godawabbjīnēm (instrumental neuter plural)
godawabbjīnum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: godwebben

Old High German: gotaweppin

From *godawabi (“precious garment”) + *-īn.


analaidijan

analaidijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
analaidijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
analaidijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
analaidijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
analaidiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
analaididā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
analaidisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
analaididēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
analaididōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
analaidiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
analaididē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
analaididā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
analaidijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
analaididum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
analaidiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
analaididud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
analaidijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
analaididun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
analaidijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
analaididī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
analaidijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
analaididī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
analaidijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
analaididī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
analaidijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
analaididīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
analaidijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
analaididīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
analaidijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
analaididīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
analaidi (class-1 present singular weak)
analaidiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
analaidijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
analaidid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: onlǣdan, anlǣdan

Old Frisian: onlēda

West Frisian: oanliede

Old Saxon: *analēdian

Middle Low German: anelêden, aneleiden

German Low German: anleden

Old Dutch: *analeiden

Middle Dutch: āenleiden

Dutch: aanleiden

⇒ Middle Dutch: āenleidinge

Dutch: aanleiding

Old High German: analeiten

Middle High German: aneleiten

German: anleiten

From *ana- (“on-”) + *laidijan (“lead”).


mīn

mīn (masculine nominative singular)
mīnu (feminine nominative singular)
mīn (neuter nominative singular)
mīnanā (accusative masculine singular)
mīnā (accusative feminine singular)
mīn (accusative neuter singular)
mīnas (genitive masculine singular)
mīneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
mīnas (genitive neuter singular)
mīnumē (dative masculine singular)
mīneʀē (dative feminine singular)
mīnumē (dative neuter singular)
mīnu (instrumental masculine singular)
mīneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
mīnu (instrumental neuter singular)
mīnē (masculine nominative plural)
mīnō (feminine nominative plural)
mīnu (neuter nominative plural)
mīnā (accusative masculine plural)
mīnā (accusative feminine plural)
mīnu (accusative neuter plural)
mīneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
mīneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
mīneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
mīnēm (dative masculine plural)
mīnum (dative masculine plural)
mīnēm (dative feminine plural)
mīnum (dative feminine plural)
mīnēm (dative neuter plural)
mīnum (dative neuter plural)
mīnēm (instrumental masculine plural)
mīnum (instrumental masculine plural)
mīnēm (feminine instrumental plural)
mīnum (feminine instrumental plural)
mīnēm (instrumental neuter plural)
mīnum (instrumental neuter plural)
ik (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
þū (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
mik (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
þik (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sik (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
miʀ (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
þiʀ (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sik (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mīn (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
þīn (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
sīn (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
wit (dual first-person nominative personal pronoun)
jit (dual nominative personal pronoun second-person)
unk (accusative dual first-person personal pronoun)
inkw (accusative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sik (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
unk (dative dual first-person personal pronoun)
inkw (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sik (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
unkar (dual first-person personal possessive pronoun)
inkwar (dual personal possessive pronoun second-person)
sīn (dual personal possessive pronoun reflexive)
wiʀ (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
jiʀ (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
uns (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
iwwi (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sik (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
uns (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
iwwi (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sik (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
unsar (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
iuwar (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
sīn (personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive)

Old English: mīn

Middle English: min

English: mine

Scots: mine

⇒ Middle English: mi, me, mie, my (apocopated)
English: my
Geordie English: my, maw
Scots: my, ma, me
Yola: mee

Old Frisian: mīn

North Frisian: man

Saterland Frisian: min, mien

West Frisian: myn

Old Saxon: mīn
Middle Low German: mīn
German Low German: mien

Old Dutch: mīn
Middle Dutch: mijn
Dutch: mijn
Limburgish: mien

Old High German: mīn
Middle High German: mīn
Alemannic German: miin, myn
Bavarian: mei
Cimbrian: main, moi (Luserna)
Hunsrik: mein
Luxembourgish: mäin
German: mein
Vilamovian: maj
Yiddish: מײַן (mayn)


bedu

bedu (nominative singular)
bedō (nominative plural)
bedā (accusative singular)
bedā (accusative plural)
bedā (genitive singular)
bedō (genitive plural)
bedē (dative singular)
bedōm (dative plural)
bedum (dative plural)
bedu (instrumental singular)
bedōm (instrumental plural)
bedum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bedu, beodo
Middle English: bede, bed, beed, beode, bode, boede, ȝebed, ibæd, ibed (conflated with Old English ġebed)
English: bead (bede)
Scots: bead, bede, beid

Old Frisian: bede

Saterland Frisian: Beed

West Frisian: bea

Old Saxon: beda

Middle Low German: bēde

German Low German: Beed

→ German: Bede

Old Dutch: beda

Middle Dutch: bēde
Dutch: bede
Afrikaans: bede

Old High German: beta

Middle High German: bëte, bët

q

altered after <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">bitten</i>

German: Bete (obsolete), Bitte (altered after bitten)


biraupijan

biraupijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
biraupijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
biraupijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
biraupijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
biraupiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
biraupidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
biraupisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
biraupidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
biraupidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
biraupiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
biraupidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
biraupidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
biraupijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
biraupidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
biraupiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
biraupidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
biraupijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
biraupidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
biraupijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
biraupidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
biraupijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
biraupidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
biraupijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
biraupidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
biraupijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
biraupidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
biraupijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
biraupidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
biraupijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
biraupidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
biraupi (class-1 present singular weak)
biraupiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
biraupijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
biraupid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *berīepan, berȳpan

desctree

Old Saxon: birôpian
Middle Low German: berȫpen

Old High German: biroufen
Middle High German: beroufen, beröufen
German: beraufen

Lombardic: *bihroffen
German: beraufen
→ Italian: baruffare


talkōn

talkōn (infinitive)
talkōnijas (genitive infinitive)
talkōnijē (dative infinitive)
talkōniju (infinitive instrumental)
talkō (first-person present singular)
talkōdā (first-person past singular)
talkōs (present second-person singular)
talkōdēs (past second-person singular)
talkōdōs (past second-person singular)
talkōþ (present singular third-person)
talkōdē (past singular third-person)
talkōdā (past singular third-person)
talkōm (first-person plural present)
talkōdum (first-person past plural)
talkōþ (plural present second-person)
talkōdud (past plural second-person)
talkōnþ (plural present third-person)
talkōdun (past plural third-person)
talkōdī (first-person past singular)
talkōdī (past second-person singular)
talkō (present singular third-person)
talkōdī (past singular third-person)
talkōdīm (first-person past plural)
talkōdīd (past plural second-person)
talkōn (plural present third-person)
talkōdīn (past plural third-person)
talkō (present singular)
talkōþ (plural present)
talkōndī (participle present)
talkōd (participle past)

Old English: *tealcian

Middle English: talkien, talken

English: talk

→ Dutch: talken

Scots: talk

Old Frisian: *talkia

desc

⇒ Saterland Frisian: Toalke (“gossiper, chatterer, chatterbox”)

Old Saxon: *talkōn

Middle Low German: *talken, *tālken

German Low German: taalken

From *talōn + *-ukōn (frequentative suffix); or alternatively a denominal from *taluk (“short story, summary, chat”), diminutive of *talu (“account, tale”).


garwā

garwā (nominative singular)
garwōn (nominative plural)
garwōn (accusative singular)
garwōn (accusative plural)
garwōn (genitive singular)
garwōnō (genitive plural)
garwōn (dative singular)
garwōm (dative plural)
garwum (dative plural)
garwōn (instrumental singular)
garwōm (instrumental plural)
garwum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: ġearwe, ġearuuae — early
Middle English: yarwe, ȝarewe, ȝarow, ȝarowe, ȝarwe, ȝorow, yare, yarewe, yarou, yarow, yarowe
English: yarrow; >? yarr
>? Scots: yarr

Old Saxon: garwa

Middle Low German: garve

German Low German: Garwe

Old Dutch: *garwa

Middle Dutch: garwe

Dutch: gerw

Old High German: garwa, garawa

Middle High German: garwe

German: Garbe (obsolete)

⇒ German: Schafgarbe


galīkanassī

galīkanassī (nominative singular)
galīkanassīn (accusative singular)
galīkanassīn (genitive singular)
galīkanassīn (dative singular)
galīkanassīn (instrumental singular)

Old English: ġelīcnes, ġelȳcnys
Middle English: liknesse, likenesse
English: likeness

Old Frisian: līknisse, līkense

West Frisian: likenis

Old Saxon: gilīknessi
Middle Low German: gelīkenisse, gelīknisse, līkenisse
German Low German: Glieknis
→ Danish: lignelse
→ Norwegian: lignelse

Old Dutch: gilīcnussi

Middle Dutch: gelîkenisse

Dutch: gelijkenis

Afrikaans: gelykenis

desc

Old High German: gilīhnassi, gilīhnessi, gilīhnissi, gilīhnussi

Middle High German: gelīchnisse

German: Gleichnis


tukkōn

tukkōn (infinitive)
tukkōnijas (genitive infinitive)
tukkōnijē (dative infinitive)
tukkōniju (infinitive instrumental)
tukkō (first-person present singular)
tukkōdā (first-person past singular)
tukkōs (present second-person singular)
tukkōdēs (past second-person singular)
tukkōdōs (past second-person singular)
tukkōþ (present singular third-person)
tukkōdē (past singular third-person)
tukkōdā (past singular third-person)
tukkōm (first-person plural present)
tukkōdum (first-person past plural)
tukkōþ (plural present second-person)
tukkōdud (past plural second-person)
tukkōnþ (plural present third-person)
tukkōdun (past plural third-person)
tukkōdī (first-person past singular)
tukkōdī (past second-person singular)
tukkō (present singular third-person)
tukkōdī (past singular third-person)
tukkōdīm (first-person past plural)
tukkōdīd (past plural second-person)
tukkōn (plural present third-person)
tukkōdīn (past plural third-person)
tukkō (present singular)
tukkōþ (plural present)
tukkōndī (participle present)
tukkōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: tucian
Middle English: tuken (influenced by Middle Dutch, Middle Low German tucken)
English: tuck
Scots: tuck

Old Frisian: *tukia

Saterland Frisian: tukje, tuukje; tokje

West Frisian: tûkje; (tûke)

⇒ West Frisian: tûkelje

Old Saxon: *tukkōn

Middle Low German: tucken

German Low German: tucken, tocken

Low German: tukken, tokken

Old Dutch: *tukkon, *tokkon

Middle Dutch: tucken, tocken

Dutch: tokken

⇒ Dutch: tokkelen

desc

→? Old High German: tokkōn, tockōn (“to collide”)

Old High German: zucchōn, zocchōn

Middle High German: zucken

German: zucken

Luxembourgish: zucken

→ Vulgar Latin: *tuccō (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Germanic *tukkōną (“to tug, grab, grasp”), from Proto-Indo-European *dewk- (“to draw, pull”).


fūlijan

fūlijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
fūlijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
fūlijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
fūlijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
fūliju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fūlidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fūlisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fūlidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fūlidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fūliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fūlidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fūlidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fūlijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fūlidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fūliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fūlidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fūlijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fūlidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fūlijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fūlidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fūlijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fūlidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fūlijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fūlidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fūlijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fūlidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fūlijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fūlidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fūlijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fūlidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fūli (class-1 present singular weak)
fūliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
fūlijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
fūlid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: fȳlan
Middle English: fulen, fuilen, filen
English: file

Old Saxon: fūlian

Middle Low German: vü̂len

Old Dutch: *fūlen

Middle Dutch: vulen (merged with the descendant of *fūlēn)

Dutch: vuilen

From Proto-Germanic *fūlijaną. Equivalent to *fūl (“foul, dirty”) + *-jan.


klagōn

klagōn (infinitive)
klagōnijas (genitive infinitive)
klagōnijē (dative infinitive)
klagōniju (infinitive instrumental)
klagō (first-person present singular)
klagōdā (first-person past singular)
klagōs (present second-person singular)
klagōdēs (past second-person singular)
klagōdōs (past second-person singular)
klagōþ (present singular third-person)
klagōdē (past singular third-person)
klagōdā (past singular third-person)
klagōm (first-person plural present)
klagōdum (first-person past plural)
klagōþ (plural present second-person)
klagōdud (past plural second-person)
klagōnþ (plural present third-person)
klagōdun (past plural third-person)
klagōdī (first-person past singular)
klagōdī (past second-person singular)
klagō (present singular third-person)
klagōdī (past singular third-person)
klagōdīm (first-person past plural)
klagōdīd (past plural second-person)
klagōn (plural present third-person)
klagōdīn (past plural third-person)
klagō (present singular)
klagōþ (plural present)
klagōndī (participle present)
klagōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: klagōn

Middle Low German: klagen

Low German: klagen

→ Danish: klage

q

possibly via Danish <i class="Latn mention" lang="da">klage</i>

→ Faroese: klaga (possibly via Danish klage)

→ Icelandic: klaga

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: klage

Norwegian Nynorsk: klage, klaga

→ Old Swedish: klagha

Swedish: klaga

desctree

Old Dutch: clagon
Middle Dutch: clāgen
Dutch: klagen

Old High German: klagōn

Middle High German: klagen

Alemannic German: chlaage, chlage

Cimbrian: khlaagan

German: klagen

Luxembourgish: kloen

From *klagu (“lamentation, complaint”) + *-ōn.


agastrijā

agastrijā (nominative singular)
agastrijōn (nominative plural)
agastrijōn (accusative singular)
agastrijōn (accusative plural)
agastrijōn (genitive singular)
agastrijōnō (genitive plural)
agastrijōn (dative singular)
agastrijōm (dative plural)
agastrijum (dative plural)
agastrijōn (instrumental singular)
agastrijōm (instrumental plural)
agastrijum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *egstre, *ekster; *agster, *akster

Saterland Frisian: Akster

West Frisian: ekster, akster

Old Saxon: agastria, agistra

desc

Middle Low German: êgelster, êgester, êgster, êxter, exter, hêgester, hegster, hegister, hegester, heister, hechster

Low German: Ääkster, Äkster, Eekster, Ekster, Hääster, Heester, Heister

Dutch Low Saxon: ökster

Plautdietsch: Heista

→ German: Heister

desctree

→ Polish: hajstra (“grey heron”)
→ Old Ruthenian: га́йстеръ (hájster)
Belarusian: га́йсцер (hájscjer), га́йсцёр (hájscjor), га́йстр (hájstr) (dialectal)
Ukrainian: га́йстер (hájster), га́стір (hástir), а́стер (áster), га́рист (háryst) (dialectal)

desc

→ Middle Russian: а́истъ (áist), а́гистъ (ágist, “stork”)

Russian: а́ист (áist, “stork”)

Old Dutch: *agastra

Middle Dutch: egestre, aecstren, aexter, exter

Dutch: ekster
Afrikaans: ekster

Old High German: agalstra, agastra, egilistra

Middle High German: agelster, agelaster, aglaster, alster, elster

German: Elster

Possibly from *ag-ad- ~ *ag-at-, suffixed variant of *agu (“magpie”), + *-þr (agent suffix) + *-jā (agent suffix).


agattjā

agattjā (nominative singular)
agattjōn (nominative plural)
agattjōn (accusative singular)
agattjōn (accusative plural)
agattjōn (genitive singular)
agattjōnō (genitive plural)
agattjōn (dative singular)
agattjōm (dative plural)
agattjum (dative plural)
agattjōn (instrumental singular)
agattjōm (instrumental plural)
agattjum (instrumental plural)

Old High German: agazza, agaza

⇒ Old High German: *agazil

Middle High German: atzel

Middle High German: hetze

→ Late Latin: agazia

Italo-Romance:

Italian: gazza

Padanian:

Ligurian: jazza

Lombard: gaza

Piedmontese: ajassa, jassa

Romagnol: argaza

Southern Gallo-Romance:

>? Aragonese: garza

>? Catalan: garsa

Old Occitan: agassa

Occitan: agaça

Nord-Occitan: ajaça

Vivaro-Alpine: aiassa

Northern Gallo-Romance:

desc

Bourbonnais-Berrichon: aguiasse, ageasse, égeasse, ouasse

Bourguignon: aiguaisse

Old French: agace, agasse, agas

Middle French: agace

French: agace

Norman: agase

Picard: agache

Walloon: aguèse, agaesse

→ Medieval Latin: agasia, aigatia

→ Middle English: agas, agaas

→ Hebrew: [script needed] (azzago)

Possibly from *ag-ad- ~ *ag-at-, suffixed variant of *agu (“magpie”), + *-jā (agent suffix).


aiwahaft

aiwahaft (masculine nominative singular)
aiwahaftu (feminine nominative singular)
aiwahaft (neuter nominative singular)
aiwahaftanā (accusative masculine singular)
aiwahaftā (accusative feminine singular)
aiwahaft (accusative neuter singular)
aiwahaftas (genitive masculine singular)
aiwahafteʀā (feminine genitive singular)
aiwahaftas (genitive neuter singular)
aiwahaftumē (dative masculine singular)
aiwahafteʀē (dative feminine singular)
aiwahaftumē (dative neuter singular)
aiwahaftu (instrumental masculine singular)
aiwahafteʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
aiwahaftu (instrumental neuter singular)
aiwahaftē (masculine nominative plural)
aiwahaftō (feminine nominative plural)
aiwahaftu (neuter nominative plural)
aiwahaftā (accusative masculine plural)
aiwahaftā (accusative feminine plural)
aiwahaftu (accusative neuter plural)
aiwahafteʀō (genitive masculine plural)
aiwahafteʀō (feminine genitive plural)
aiwahafteʀō (genitive neuter plural)
aiwahaftēm (dative masculine plural)
aiwahaftum (dative masculine plural)
aiwahaftēm (dative feminine plural)
aiwahaftum (dative feminine plural)
aiwahaftēm (dative neuter plural)
aiwahaftum (dative neuter plural)
aiwahaftēm (instrumental masculine plural)
aiwahaftum (instrumental masculine plural)
aiwahaftēm (feminine instrumental plural)
aiwahaftum (feminine instrumental plural)
aiwahaftēm (instrumental neuter plural)
aiwahaftum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Saxon: *ēhaft

Middle Low German: echt

German Low German: echt

Norwegian Bokmål: ekte

→ Middle High German: echt

Bavarian: ächd

desctree

German: echt, ächt (obsolete)
→ English: echt

Hunsrik: echt

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: ekte

→ Icelandic: ekta

→ Swedish: äkta

→ Danish: ægte

→ Estonian: eht

Old Dutch: *ēhaft

Middle Dutch: echt

Dutch: echt

Afrikaans: eg

Old High German: ēhaft

From *aiw (“law”) + *haft (“captive, bound”).


þornag

þornag (masculine nominative singular)
þornagu (feminine nominative singular)
þornag (neuter nominative singular)
þornaganā (accusative masculine singular)
þornagā (accusative feminine singular)
þornag (accusative neuter singular)
þornagas (genitive masculine singular)
þornageʀā (feminine genitive singular)
þornagas (genitive neuter singular)
þornagumē (dative masculine singular)
þornageʀē (dative feminine singular)
þornagumē (dative neuter singular)
þornagu (instrumental masculine singular)
þornageʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
þornagu (instrumental neuter singular)
þornagē (masculine nominative plural)
þornagō (feminine nominative plural)
þornagu (neuter nominative plural)
þornagā (accusative masculine plural)
þornagā (accusative feminine plural)
þornagu (accusative neuter plural)
þornageʀō (genitive masculine plural)
þornageʀō (feminine genitive plural)
þornageʀō (genitive neuter plural)
þornagēm (dative masculine plural)
þornagum (dative masculine plural)
þornagēm (dative feminine plural)
þornagum (dative feminine plural)
þornagēm (dative neuter plural)
þornagum (dative neuter plural)
þornagēm (instrumental masculine plural)
þornagum (instrumental masculine plural)
þornagēm (feminine instrumental plural)
þornagum (feminine instrumental plural)
þornagēm (instrumental neuter plural)
þornagum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: þorniġ

Middle English: þorni, thorny

English: thorny

Scots: thorny

Old Frisian: *thornich

West Frisian: toarnich

Old Saxon: *thornig

Middle Low German: dōrnich, dörnich

Low German: doornig

Old Dutch: *thornig

Middle Dutch: *dornig

Dutch: doornig

Old High German: *dornag, *dornig

Middle High German: dornec, dornic

German: dornig

From *þorn + *-g, from Proto-Germanic *þurnuz.


steupakind

steupakind (nominative singular)
steupakindu (nominative plural)
steupakind (accusative singular)
steupakindu (accusative plural)
steupakindas (genitive singular)
steupakindō (genitive plural)
steupakindē (dative singular)
steupakindum (dative plural)
steupakindu (instrumental singular)
steupakindum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: stiāpkind

Saterland Frisian: Stäifkind

Old Saxon: *stiopkind

desc

Middle Low German: stiepkint, stipkint, stêfkint, stîfkint

German Low German: Steefkind

Old Dutch: *stiopkind

Middle Dutch: stippekint, stiefkint

Dutch: stiefkind

Old High German: stiofkind

Middle High German: stiefkint

German: Stiefkind

From *steupa- (“step-”) + *kind (“child”).


steupa-

desctree

Old English: stēop-, stēp-
Middle English: steop-, step-, stappe-, ste-
English: step-
Scots: step-

Old Frisian: stiāp-

Saterland Frisian: stäif- (possibly from Low German)

West Frisian: styp-, styf-

Old Saxon: *stiop-

desc

Middle Low German: stiep-, stip-, stêf-, stîf-

German Low German: steev-, steef-

Old Dutch: *stiop-

Middle Dutch: stiep-, stippe-, stief-

Dutch: stief-

Afrikaans: stief-

Old High German: stiof-

Middle High German: stief-

German: stief-


rāswijan

rāswijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
rāswijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
rāswijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
rāswijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
rāswiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
rāswidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
rāswisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
rāswidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rāswidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rāswiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
rāswidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rāswidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rāswijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
rāswidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
rāswiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
rāswidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
rāswijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
rāswidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
rāswijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
rāswidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
rāswijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
rāswidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rāswijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
rāswidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rāswijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
rāswidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
rāswijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
rāswidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
rāswijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
rāswidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
rāswi (class-1 present singular weak)
rāswiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
rāswijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
rāswid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: ræswan

desctree

→ Old French: resver, rever, raver (alternatively from Latin *reexvagus)
Middle French: resver, rêver
French: rêver
→ Middle English: rauen, raven
English: rave

From *rāsu (“a counsel, deliberation”) + *-jan.


sagisnu

sagisnu (nominative singular)
sagisnō (nominative plural)
sagisnā (accusative singular)
sagisnā (accusative plural)
sagisnā (genitive singular)
sagisnō (genitive plural)
sagisnē (dative singular)
sagisnōm (dative plural)
sagisnum (dative plural)
sagisnu (instrumental singular)
sagisnōm (instrumental plural)
sagisnum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian:

West Frisian: seine

Old Saxon: segisna

desc

Middle Low German: seisene, seisen, sēgedese, seysne, sēsne, sēsene, sēssenē

German Low German: Seeß, Seiß

Old Dutch: *segisna

Middle Dutch: seisene, seise

Dutch: zeis

Old High German: segisna, (with metathesis) segansa

Middle High German: sëgense, seinse, sēnse

German: Sense

⇒ Luxembourgish: Séissel

From *sagi or *sagu (“saw”) + *-snu (instrumental suffix).


drast

drast (nominative singular)
drastiʀu (nominative plural)
drast (accusative singular)
drastiʀu (accusative plural)
drastiʀi (genitive singular)
drastiʀō (genitive plural)
drastiʀi (dative singular)
drastiʀum (dative plural)
drastiʀi (instrumental singular)
drastiʀum (instrumental plural)

Old High German: trestir pl

Middle High German: trester

German: Trester

⇒ Old High German: trestig

From Proto-Germanic *drastaz, from earlier *drahstaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰragʰs-tó-s, from *dʰrā́ks (“dregs, sediment”).


kataʀō

kataʀō (nominative singular)
kataʀan (nominative plural)
kataʀan (accusative singular)
kataʀan (accusative plural)
kataʀini (genitive singular)
kataʀan (genitive singular)
kataʀanō (genitive plural)
kataʀini (dative singular)
kataʀan (dative singular)
kataʀum (dative plural)
kataʀini (instrumental singular)
kataʀan (instrumental singular)
kataʀum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: katera

Saterland Frisian: Koater

West Frisian: kater

Old Saxon: *kataro

Middle Low German: kāter

German Low German: Kater, Koter, kaoter

Plautdietsch: Kota

→ Old High German: kataro

Middle High German: katere

Bavarian: Koda, Kåda

Cimbrian: khàttaro

German: Kater

Luxembourgish: Kueder

Vilamovian: kōter

Yiddish: קאָטער (koter)

Old Dutch: *kataro

Middle Dutch: cāter

Dutch: kater

Limburgish: kater

A West Germanic formation taken from *kattu (“cat”) + the masculinizing suffix *-aʀō, *-aʀ; compare the development from Proto-Germanic *gans (“goose”) to *ganzô (“gander (male goose)”).


furþar

forþar (masculine nominative singular)
forþaru (feminine nominative singular)
forþar (neuter nominative singular)
forþaranā (accusative masculine singular)
forþarā (accusative feminine singular)
forþar (accusative neuter singular)
forþaras (genitive masculine singular)
forþareʀā (feminine genitive singular)
forþaras (genitive neuter singular)
forþarumē (dative masculine singular)
forþareʀē (dative feminine singular)
forþarumē (dative neuter singular)
forþaru (instrumental masculine singular)
forþareʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
forþaru (instrumental neuter singular)
forþarē (masculine nominative plural)
forþarō (feminine nominative plural)
forþaru (neuter nominative plural)
forþarā (accusative masculine plural)
forþarā (accusative feminine plural)
forþaru (accusative neuter plural)
forþareʀō (genitive masculine plural)
forþareʀō (feminine genitive plural)
forþareʀō (genitive neuter plural)
forþarēm (dative masculine plural)
forþarum (dative masculine plural)
forþarēm (dative feminine plural)
forþarum (dative feminine plural)
forþarēm (dative neuter plural)
forþarum (dative neuter plural)
forþarēm (instrumental masculine plural)
forþarum (instrumental masculine plural)
forþarēm (feminine instrumental plural)
forþarum (feminine instrumental plural)
forþarēm (instrumental neuter plural)
forþarum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: furþor

Middle English: further, forther

English: further

Scots: forder, furder

Old Frisian: further, forther

Saterland Frisian: foarder

West Frisian: fierder

Old Saxon: furðor, furðir, forðar

Middle Low German: vörder, vürder

German Low German:

Ravensbergisch-Lippisch, Sauerländisch: födder

Old Dutch: furthir, forthor

Dutch: vorder

Old High German: furdir, fordar

desc

Middle High German: vurder, vürder, vorder

German: fürder (archaic)

Perhaps from Proto-Germanic *furþeraz, from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥-tero-s, from *pr̥- (“before, in front”) + *-teros.


altārī

altārī (nominative singular)
altārijō (nominative plural)
altārijōs (nominative plural)
altārī (accusative singular)
altārijā (accusative plural)
altārijas (genitive singular)
altārijō (genitive plural)
altārijē (dative singular)
altārijum (dative plural)
altāriju (instrumental singular)
altārijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: alter, altar

Middle English: alter

English: altar
→ Maori: āta

Scots: altar

desctree

Old Frisian: altare, alter
West Frisian: alter

Old Saxon: altāri

desc

Middle Low German: altār, alter, oltar, olter, altāre

desctree

→ Old Norse: altari
Icelandic: altari
Faroese: altar
Norwegian Nynorsk: altar; (dialectal) altari
Old Swedish: altari
Swedish: altare
→ Finnish: alttari
Danish: alter
Norwegian Bokmål: alter

Old Dutch: *altāri

Middle Dutch: altare

Dutch: altaar
Afrikaans: altaar
Negerhollands: altar
→ Indonesian: altar
→ Sranan Tongo: altari

Limburgish: alter

Old High German: altāri

Middle High German: alter, altære

Cimbrian: altar

German: Altar

Luxembourgish: Altor

desc

→ Old Church Slavonic: олътарь (olŭtarĭ) (see there for further descendants)


lugi

lugi (masculine nominative singular)
luggju (feminine nominative singular)
lugi (neuter nominative singular)
luggjanā (accusative masculine singular)
luggjā (accusative feminine singular)
lugi (accusative neuter singular)
luggjas (genitive masculine singular)
luggjeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
luggjas (genitive neuter singular)
luggjumē (dative masculine singular)
luggjeʀē (dative feminine singular)
luggjumē (dative neuter singular)
luggju (instrumental masculine singular)
luggjeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
luggju (instrumental neuter singular)
luggjē (masculine nominative plural)
luggjō (feminine nominative plural)
luggju (neuter nominative plural)
luggjā (accusative masculine plural)
luggjā (accusative feminine plural)
luggju (accusative neuter plural)
luggjeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
luggjeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
luggjeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
luggjēm (dative masculine plural)
luggjum (dative masculine plural)
luggjēm (dative feminine plural)
luggjum (dative feminine plural)
luggjēm (dative neuter plural)
luggjum (dative neuter plural)
luggjēm (instrumental masculine plural)
luggjum (instrumental masculine plural)
luggjēm (feminine instrumental plural)
luggjum (feminine instrumental plural)
luggjēm (instrumental neuter plural)
luggjum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: lyġe
Middle English: lie, lye, legh, leye (merged with descendant of Old English lyġen)
English: lie

Old Saxon: luggi

Middle Low German: lügge, lucke

Old High German: luggi, lukki, lucki

Middle High German: lügge, lücke

From Proto-Germanic *lugiz (“lying”, adjective), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂lewgʰ-.


bedōn

bedōn (infinitive)
bedōnijas (genitive infinitive)
bedōnijē (dative infinitive)
bedōniju (infinitive instrumental)
bedō (first-person present singular)
bedōdā (first-person past singular)
bedōs (present second-person singular)
bedōdēs (past second-person singular)
bedōdōs (past second-person singular)
bedōþ (present singular third-person)
bedōdē (past singular third-person)
bedōdā (past singular third-person)
bedōm (first-person plural present)
bedōdum (first-person past plural)
bedōþ (plural present second-person)
bedōdud (past plural second-person)
bedōnþ (plural present third-person)
bedōdun (past plural third-person)
bedōdī (first-person past singular)
bedōdī (past second-person singular)
bedō (present singular third-person)
bedōdī (past singular third-person)
bedōdīm (first-person past plural)
bedōdīd (past plural second-person)
bedōn (plural present third-person)
bedōdīn (past plural third-person)
bedō (present singular)
bedōþ (plural present)
bedōndī (participle present)
bedōd (participle past)

Old English: ġebedian

Old High German: betōn

Middle High German: beten

German: beten


ūr

ūr (nominative singular)
ūrō (nominative plural)
ūrōs (nominative plural)
ūr (accusative singular)
ūrā (accusative plural)
ūras (genitive singular)
ūrō (genitive plural)
ūrē (dative singular)
ūrum (dative plural)
ūru (instrumental singular)
ūrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ūr

Middle English: oure

Old Saxon: *ūr

Middle Low German: ûr

German Low German: Ur

⇒ Middle Low German: ūrosse

→ Swedish: uroxe

Old Dutch: *ūr, uor

Middle Dutch: *uur

⇒ Dutch: uuros (the historical form, attested once)

Old High German: ūro

Middle High German: ūr

German: Ur

⇒ Old High German: ūrohso

Middle High German: ūrochse

German: Auerochse

→ English: aurochs

→ Middle Dutch: oeros

Dutch: oeros


heʀdā

heʀdā (nominative singular)
heʀdōn (nominative plural)
heʀdōn (accusative singular)
heʀdōn (accusative plural)
heʀdōn (genitive singular)
heʀdōnō (genitive plural)
heʀdōn (dative singular)
heʀdōm (dative plural)
heʀdum (dative plural)
heʀdōn (instrumental singular)
heʀdōm (instrumental plural)
heʀdum (instrumental plural)

Old English: heorde

desc

Middle English: herde, harde, hyrde, hurde

⇒ English: hards, hurds (from the plural)

⇒ Scots: hards, harden, harn (from the plural)

Old Frisian: hede

Saterland Frisian: Häide

West Frisian: heed

Old Saxon: *herda, *hēda

Middle Low German: hêde, heide

German Low German: Hede

→ German: (regional) Hede

⇒ German: verheddern

Old Dutch: *herda, *hēda

Middle Dutch: herde, heerde, hēde

Dutch: hede

→ Old French: hard, hart

Middle French: hart

French: hart

From Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to card; comb”).


kōlī

kōlī (nominative singular)
kōlīn (accusative singular)
kōlīn (genitive singular)
kōlīn (dative singular)
kōlīn (instrumental singular)

Old Saxon: *kōlī

Middle Low German: *köle

Low German: Köle

Old Dutch: *kuoli

Middle Dutch: coele

desctree

Old High German: kuolī, choͧle, chuele, chuile, chuilī, chulī, chuͦle, chuolī, cuole
Middle High German: chůle, küele, kůli
Alemannic German: Chüeli
Cimbrian: khüule
German: Kühle
Pennsylvania German: Kiehle

From *kōl(ī) (“cold”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).


gabed

gabed (nominative singular)
gabedu (nominative plural)
gabed (accusative singular)
gabedu (accusative plural)
gabedas (genitive singular)
gabedō (genitive plural)
gabedē (dative singular)
gabedum (dative plural)
gabedu (instrumental singular)
gabedum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: ġebed, ġebæd, ġebedd
Middle English: bede, bed, beed, beode, bode, boede, ȝebed, ibæd, ibed (partially from Old English bedu)
English: bead (bede)
Scots: bead, bede, beid

Old Saxon: gibed

Middle Low German: gebet

German Low German: Gebedd

→ Saterland Frisian: Gebäd

Old Dutch: gebet

Middle Dutch: gebet

Dutch: gebed
Afrikaans: gebed
Negerhollands: gebed, gobėt, gobėd

→ West Frisian: gebet

Old High German: gibet

Middle High German: gebët

Cimbrian: gapéet

German: Gebet


wlitīg

wlitīg (masculine nominative singular)
wlitīgu (feminine nominative singular)
wlitīg (neuter nominative singular)
wlitīganā (accusative masculine singular)
wlitīgā (accusative feminine singular)
wlitīg (accusative neuter singular)
wlitīgas (genitive masculine singular)
wlitīgeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
wlitīgas (genitive neuter singular)
wlitīgumē (dative masculine singular)
wlitīgeʀē (dative feminine singular)
wlitīgumē (dative neuter singular)
wlitīgu (instrumental masculine singular)
wlitīgeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
wlitīgu (instrumental neuter singular)
wlitīgē (masculine nominative plural)
wlitīgō (feminine nominative plural)
wlitīgu (neuter nominative plural)
wlitīgā (accusative masculine plural)
wlitīgā (accusative feminine plural)
wlitīgu (accusative neuter plural)
wlitīgeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
wlitīgeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
wlitīgeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
wlitīgēm (dative masculine plural)
wlitīgum (dative masculine plural)
wlitīgēm (dative feminine plural)
wlitīgum (dative feminine plural)
wlitīgēm (dative neuter plural)
wlitīgum (dative neuter plural)
wlitīgēm (instrumental masculine plural)
wlitīgum (instrumental masculine plural)
wlitīgēm (feminine instrumental plural)
wlitīgum (feminine instrumental plural)
wlitīgēm (instrumental neuter plural)
wlitīgum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: wlitiġ
Middle English: wliti, wlitig, wlitiȝ (early)

Old Saxon: wlitig


þehsan

þehsan (infinitive)
þehsannjas (genitive infinitive)
þehsannjē (dative infinitive)
þehsannju (infinitive instrumental)
þehsu (first-person present singular)
þahs (first-person past singular)
þihsiʀi (present second-person singular)
þuhsī (past second-person singular)
þihsidi (present singular third-person)
þahs (past singular third-person)
þehsum (first-person plural present)
þuhsum (first-person past plural)
þihsid (plural present second-person)
þuhsud (past plural second-person)
þehsand (plural present third-person)
þuhsun (past plural third-person)
þehsē (first-person present singular)
þuhsī (first-person past singular)
þehsēs (present second-person singular)
þehsē (present singular third-person)
þuhsī (past singular third-person)
þehsēm (first-person plural present)
þuhsīm (first-person past plural)
þehsēþ (plural present second-person)
þuhsīd (past plural second-person)
þehsēn (plural present third-person)
þuhsīn (past plural third-person)
þihs (present singular)
þihsid (plural present)
þehsandī (participle present)
þohsan (participle past)

Old High German: *dehsan

Middle High German: dehsen

From Proto-Germanic *þehsaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ték-se-ti, from *tek- (“to fashion, weave”) + *-seti. Cognate with Latin texō (“to weave”).


galang

galang (masculine nominative singular)
galangu (feminine nominative singular)
galang (neuter nominative singular)
galanganā (accusative masculine singular)
galangā (accusative feminine singular)
galang (accusative neuter singular)
galangas (genitive masculine singular)
galangeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
galangas (genitive neuter singular)
galangumē (dative masculine singular)
galangeʀē (dative feminine singular)
galangumē (dative neuter singular)
galangu (instrumental masculine singular)
galangeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
galangu (instrumental neuter singular)
galangē (masculine nominative plural)
galangō (feminine nominative plural)
galangu (neuter nominative plural)
galangā (accusative masculine plural)
galangā (accusative feminine plural)
galangu (accusative neuter plural)
galangeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
galangeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
galangeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
galangēm (dative masculine plural)
galangum (dative masculine plural)
galangēm (dative feminine plural)
galangum (dative feminine plural)
galangēm (dative neuter plural)
galangum (dative neuter plural)
galangēm (instrumental masculine plural)
galangum (instrumental masculine plural)
galangēm (feminine instrumental plural)
galangum (feminine instrumental plural)
galangēm (instrumental neuter plural)
galangum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: ġelang
Middle English: ylong, along
English: along

Old Saxon: gilang

Old Dutch: *gilang

Middle Dutch: gelang

Dutch: gelang

Old High German: gilang

desc

→ Vulgar Latin: *sub longum, *sublungum (calque)

Old French: sulonc, sulunc, solonc, selunc

Middle French: sulum, solonc, selonc

French: selon

reaching, touching; relating, belonging, depending


kampijan

kampijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
kampijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
kampijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
kampijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
kampiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
kampidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
kampisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
kampidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kampidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kampiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
kampidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kampidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kampijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
kampidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
kampiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
kampidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
kampijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
kampidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
kampijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
kampidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
kampijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
kampidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kampijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
kampidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kampijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
kampidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
kampijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
kampidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
kampijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
kampidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
kampi (class-1 present singular weak)
kampiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
kampijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
kampid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *cempan

Middle English: kempen

Scots: kemp

English: kemp (obsolete)

Old Frisian: kempa, kampa

West Frisian: kimpe

Old Saxon: *kempian

Middle Low German: kempen

German Low German: kämpen

Old Dutch: *kempen

Middle Dutch: kempen

Dutch: kempen (obsolete)

Old High German: kempfen

Middle High German: kempfen

German: kämpfen

→ Plautdietsch: kjamfen

Hunsrik: kemfe

Luxembourgish: kämpfen

Yiddish: קעמפֿן (kemfn)

→ Old Norse: keppa

Icelandic: keppa

Norwegian Nynorsk: kappa

From *kamp (“(battle)field; battle”) + *-jan.


dōm

dōm (nominative singular)
dōmō (nominative plural)
dōmōs (nominative plural)
dōm (accusative singular)
dōmā (accusative plural)
dōmas (genitive singular)
dōmō (genitive plural)
dōmē (dative singular)
dōmum (dative plural)
dōmu (instrumental singular)
dōmum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: dōm
Middle English: doom, doim, dom, dome
English: doom
Middle Scots: dome, dume

Old Frisian: dōm

West Frisian: doem

Old Saxon: dōm

Old Dutch: *duom

Middle Dutch: doem

Dutch: doem

Afrikaans: doem

Old High German: tuom