winkil

winkil (nominative singular)
winkilō (nominative plural)
winkilōs (nominative plural)
winkil (accusative singular)
winkilā (accusative plural)
winkilas (genitive singular)
winkilō (genitive plural)
winkilē (dative singular)
winkilum (dative plural)
winkilu (instrumental singular)
winkilum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: wincel
Middle English: *winkel, *winkle
English: winkle
Scots: wingle

Old Frisian: winkel

Saterland Frisian: Winkel

West Frisian: winkel (“shop”)

Old Saxon: *winkil

Middle Low German: winkel

German Low German: Winkel

→ Icelandic: vinkill

→ Faroese: vinkul

→ Norwegian: vinkel

→ Old Swedish: vinkil

Swedish: vinkel

→ Danish: vinkel

Old Dutch: winkel

Middle Dutch: winkel

Dutch: winkel (“shop”)
Afrikaans: winkel (see there for further descendants)
Negerhollands: winkel
→ Aukan: wenkii
→ Malay: bengkel
Indonesian: bengkel
→ Saramaccan: wenkè
→ Sranan Tongo: winkri
→ Kari'na: wenkele
→ Trió: winkëri

Old High German: winkil

Middle High German: winkel

German: Winkel (see there for further descendants)

Luxembourgish: Wénkel

Yiddish: ווינקל (vinkl)


biswīkwan

biswīkwan (infinitive)
biswīkwannjas (genitive infinitive)
biswīkwannjē (dative infinitive)
biswīkwannju (infinitive instrumental)
biswīku (first-person present singular)
biswaikw (first-person past singular)
biswīkwiʀi (present second-person singular)
biswikwī (past second-person singular)
biswīkwidi (present singular third-person)
biswaikw (past singular third-person)
biswīkum (first-person plural present)
biswikum (first-person past plural)
biswīkwid (plural present second-person)
biswikud (past plural second-person)
biswīkwand (plural present third-person)
biswikun (past plural third-person)
biswīkwē (first-person present singular)
biswikwī (first-person past singular)
biswīkwēs (present second-person singular)
biswīkwē (present singular third-person)
biswikwī (past singular third-person)
biswīkwēm (first-person plural present)
biswikwīm (first-person past plural)
biswīkwēþ (plural present second-person)
biswikwīd (past plural second-person)
biswīkwēn (plural present third-person)
biswikwīn (past plural third-person)
biswīkw (present singular)
biswīkwid (plural present)
biswīkwandī (participle present)
biswikwan (participle past)

Old English: beswican
Middle English: beswiken
English: beswike

Old Dutch: biswican
Middle Dutch: beswiken
Dutch: bezwijken
Afrikaans: beswyk


guldijā

desc

⇒? Old English: gylt m (cannot be directly from this, but possibly related)

(Middle English: gilt, gult)

(English: guilt)

Old Saxon: *guldia

Middle Low German: gülde

Old Dutch: *gulda

Middle Dutch: gulde

Old High German: *gulta

Middle High German: gülte, gulte

German: Gülte


þrōēn

þrōēn (infinitive)
þrōēnijas (genitive infinitive)
þrōēnijē (dative infinitive)
þrōēniju (infinitive instrumental)
þrōē (first-person present singular)
þrō?dā (first-person past singular)
þrōēs (present second-person singular)
þrō?dēs (past second-person singular)
þrōēþ (present singular third-person)
þrō?dē (past singular third-person)
þrō?dā (past singular third-person)
þrōēm (first-person plural present)
þrō?dum (first-person past plural)
þrōēþ (plural present second-person)
þrō?dud (past plural second-person)
þrōēnþ (plural present third-person)
þrō?dun (past plural third-person)
þrō?dī (first-person past singular)
þrō?dī (past second-person singular)
þrōē (present singular third-person)
þrō?dī (past singular third-person)
þrō?dīm (first-person past plural)
þrō?dīd (past plural second-person)
þrōēn (plural present third-person)
þrō?dīn (past plural third-person)
þrōē (present singular)
þrōēþ (plural present)
þrōēndī (participle present)
þrō?d (participle past)

Old English: þrōwian
English: throe

Old High German: druoēn

Kroonen suggests a derivation of a lost adjective *þrō.
Closely related to *þrawōn and *þrauwjan (“to threaten”).


andastandan

andastandan (infinitive)
andastandannjas (genitive infinitive)
andastandannjē (dative infinitive)
andastandannju (infinitive instrumental)
andastandu (first-person present singular)
andasteand (first-person past singular)
andastandiʀi (present second-person singular)
andasteandī (past second-person singular)
andastandidi (present singular third-person)
andasteand (past singular third-person)
andastandum (first-person plural present)
andasteandum (first-person past plural)
andastandid (plural present second-person)
andasteandud (past plural second-person)
andastandand (plural present third-person)
andasteandun (past plural third-person)
andastandē (first-person present singular)
andasteandī (first-person past singular)
andastandēs (present second-person singular)
andastandē (present singular third-person)
andasteandī (past singular third-person)
andastandēm (first-person plural present)
andasteandīm (first-person past plural)
andastandēþ (plural present second-person)
andasteandīd (past plural second-person)
andastandēn (plural present third-person)
andasteandīn (past plural third-person)
andastand (present singular)
andastandid (plural present)
andastandandī (participle present)
andastandan (participle past)

Old Frisian: undstanda, undstonda, andstanda, andstonda

Old Saxon: andstandan, antstandan

Old Dutch: *antstandan

Middle Dutch: ontstanden

Old High German: intstantan

⇒ Old High German: *intstantunga

Middle High German: entstandunge

From Proto-Germanic *andastandaną. Equivalent to *anda- + *standan (“to stand”).


tōgadura

desctree

Old English: tōgædre, togædere
Middle English: togadere, togedere, together
English: together
Scots: togiddir, thegither

Old Frisian: togadera

West Frisian: togearre

Old Saxon: *togaduro

desc

Middle Low German: tōgāder, togader, togadder

Old Dutch: *tegaduro

Middle Dutch: tegadere, tegader

Dutch: tegader

Old High German: *zigaturo

Middle High German: zegater


gram(i)

gram (canonical)
gram (masculine nominative singular)
gramu (feminine nominative singular)
gram (neuter nominative singular)
gramanā (accusative masculine singular)
gramā (accusative feminine singular)
gram (accusative neuter singular)
gramas (genitive masculine singular)
grameʀā (feminine genitive singular)
gramas (genitive neuter singular)
gramumē (dative masculine singular)
grameʀē (dative feminine singular)
gramumē (dative neuter singular)
gramu (instrumental masculine singular)
grameʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
gramu (instrumental neuter singular)
gramē (masculine nominative plural)
gramō (feminine nominative plural)
gramu (neuter nominative plural)
gramā (accusative masculine plural)
gramā (accusative feminine plural)
gramu (accusative neuter plural)
grameʀō (genitive masculine plural)
grameʀō (feminine genitive plural)
grameʀō (genitive neuter plural)
gramēm (dative masculine plural)
gramum (dative masculine plural)
gramēm (dative feminine plural)
gramum (dative feminine plural)
gramēm (dative neuter plural)
gramum (dative neuter plural)
gramēm (instrumental masculine plural)
gramum (instrumental masculine plural)
gramēm (feminine instrumental plural)
gramum (feminine instrumental plural)
gramēm (instrumental neuter plural)
gramum (instrumental neuter plural)
grami (masculine nominative singular)
grammju (feminine nominative singular)
grami (neuter nominative singular)
grammjanā (accusative masculine singular)
grammjā (accusative feminine singular)
grami (accusative neuter singular)
grammjas (genitive masculine singular)
grammjeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
grammjas (genitive neuter singular)
grammjumē (dative masculine singular)
grammjeʀē (dative feminine singular)
grammjumē (dative neuter singular)
grammju (instrumental masculine singular)
grammjeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
grammju (instrumental neuter singular)
grammjē (masculine nominative plural)
grammjō (feminine nominative plural)
grammju (neuter nominative plural)
grammjā (accusative masculine plural)
grammjā (accusative feminine plural)
grammju (accusative neuter plural)
grammjeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
grammjeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
grammjeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
grammjēm (dative masculine plural)
grammjum (dative masculine plural)
grammjēm (dative feminine plural)
grammjum (dative feminine plural)
grammjēm (dative neuter plural)
grammjum (dative neuter plural)
grammjēm (instrumental masculine plural)
grammjum (instrumental masculine plural)
grammjēm (feminine instrumental plural)
grammjum (feminine instrumental plural)
grammjēm (instrumental neuter plural)
grammjum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: gram
Middle English: gram
English: gram

Old Saxon: gram

Middle Low German: gram

Old Dutch: *gram

Middle Dutch: gram
Dutch: gram

Old High German: gremi, gram

Middle High German: gram

German: gram

→ Old French: graim

Old French: graigne

Old French: graignier, greignier

desc

Old Northern French: chagreiner, chagraigner

desctree

Old French: chagrin
Middle French: chagrin
French: chagrin
→ English: chagrin

Old French: grigner

Middle French: chagrigner

French: chagriner


insulā

insulā (nominative singular)
insulōn (nominative plural)
insulōn (accusative singular)
insulōn (accusative plural)
insulōn (genitive singular)
insulōnō (genitive plural)
insulōn (dative singular)
insulōm (dative plural)
insulum (dative plural)
insulōn (instrumental singular)
insulōm (instrumental plural)
insulum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *insala, *insula

desc

Middle Low German: insel, insele, insule

German Low German: Insel

Plautdietsch: Insel

Old High German: *insila, īsila, isila

Middle High German: insel, insele, isele, isel, insule

Alemannic German: Insle

Bavarian: Insl

German: Insel, Insul (obsolete)

Hunsrik: Insel

Luxembourgish: Insel

Yiddish: אינדזל (indzl), אינזל (inzl)

Borrowed from Latin insula (“island”) and Vulgar Latin *isula (“island”).


hederik

hedirik (nominative singular)
hedirikō (nominative plural)
hedirikōs (nominative plural)
hedirik (accusative singular)
hedirikā (accusative plural)
hedirikas (genitive singular)
hedirikō (genitive plural)
hedirikē (dative singular)
hedirikum (dative plural)
hediriku (instrumental singular)
hedirikum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *hederik

Middle Low German: hēderik, hederik, hedderik

Old Dutch: *hederik

Middle Dutch: hēderic, hāderic

Dutch: hederik, herik

Old High German: hederīh

Middle High German: hederich, hederīch

German: Hederich

→ Polish: adrych

Borrowed from Latin hederāceus (“made of ivy”).


morsārī

morsārī (nominative singular)
morsārijō (nominative plural)
morsārijōs (nominative plural)
morsārī (accusative singular)
morsārijā (accusative plural)
morsārijas (genitive singular)
morsārijō (genitive plural)
morsārijē (dative singular)
morsārijum (dative plural)
morsāriju (instrumental singular)
morsārijum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *morsāri

Middle Low German: mȫsære, möser, moeser, moyser, mörser

Old High German: morsāri, morsāli

Middle High German: morsære, morser, mörser, mörsel, morsel

German: Mörser, Mörsel (obsolete)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


tunikā

tunikā (nominative singular)
tunikōn (nominative plural)
tunikōn (accusative singular)
tunikōn (accusative plural)
tunikōn (genitive singular)
tunikōnō (genitive plural)
tunikōn (dative singular)
tunikōm (dative plural)
tunikum (dative plural)
tunikōn (instrumental singular)
tunikōm (instrumental plural)
tunikum (instrumental plural)

Old English: tunece, tunice, tunuce

Middle English: tunice

Old High German: tunihha, tunicha

Borrowed from Latin tunica (“military cloak, tunic”).


tunikōn

tunikōn (infinitive)
tunikōnijas (genitive infinitive)
tunikōnijē (dative infinitive)
tunikōniju (infinitive instrumental)
tunikō (first-person present singular)
tunikōdā (first-person past singular)
tunikōs (present second-person singular)
tunikōdēs (past second-person singular)
tunikōdōs (past second-person singular)
tunikōþ (present singular third-person)
tunikōdē (past singular third-person)
tunikōdā (past singular third-person)
tunikōm (first-person plural present)
tunikōdum (first-person past plural)
tunikōþ (plural present second-person)
tunikōdud (past plural second-person)
tunikōnþ (plural present third-person)
tunikōdun (past plural third-person)
tunikōdī (first-person past singular)
tunikōdī (past second-person singular)
tunikō (present singular third-person)
tunikōdī (past singular third-person)
tunikōdīm (first-person past plural)
tunikōdīd (past plural second-person)
tunikōn (plural present third-person)
tunikōdīn (past plural third-person)
tunikō (present singular)
tunikōþ (plural present)
tunikōndī (participle present)
tunikōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *tunikōn

desc

Middle Low German: dȫneken, dönneken, donneken, donken, dēneken, denneken

Old High German: tunihhōn, tunichōn

Middle High German: tünchen

German: tünchen

Tünche

Middle High German: *tüniche f, tünich m

dȫnekinge

Old Saxon: *tunikunga; Middle Low German


lammā

lammā (nominative singular)
lammōn (nominative plural)
lammōn (accusative singular)
lammōn (accusative plural)
lammōn (genitive singular)
lammōnō (genitive plural)
lammōn (dative singular)
lammōm (dative plural)
lammum (dative plural)
lammōn (instrumental singular)
lammōm (instrumental plural)
lammum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: lanna

Middle Low German: lanne

Old High German: lanna

Middle High German: lanne

→ Czech: lano

Borrowed from Latin lāmna, lāmina (“sheet metal”).


mortārī

mortārī (nominative singular)
mortārijō (nominative plural)
mortārijōs (nominative plural)
mortārī (accusative singular)
mortārijā (accusative plural)
mortārijas (genitive singular)
mortārijō (genitive plural)
mortārijē (dative singular)
mortārijum (dative plural)
mortāriju (instrumental singular)
mortārijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: mortere

desctree

Middle English: morter, mortere, morteer, mortar, moorter (reenforced from Old French mortier)
English: mortar (see there for further descendants)
Scots: mortar
→ Welsh: morter, mortar

Old Saxon: *mortāri

desc

Middle Low German: mōrtære, mōrtēr, mortēr, morter

Old Dutch: *mortari, *mortali

Middle Dutch: moortere, moorter, morter, moortel, mortel

desctree

Dutch: mortel
Negerhollands: mortel
→ Indonesian: mortél

Old High German: mortāri, mortari

desc

Middle High German: mortære, morter, mortel

desctree

German: Mörtel
→ Danish: mørtel
→ Icelandic: mortél
→ Norwegian: mørtel

Borrowed from Latin mortārium (“mortar”).


bifūlijan

bifūlijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
bifūlijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
bifūlijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
bifūlijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
bifūliju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bifūlidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bifūlisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bifūlidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bifūlidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bifūliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bifūlidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bifūlidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bifūlijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bifūlidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bifūliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bifūlidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bifūlijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bifūlidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bifūlijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bifūlidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bifūlijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bifūlidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bifūlijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bifūlidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bifūlijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bifūlidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bifūlijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bifūlidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bifūlijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bifūlidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bifūli (class-1 present singular weak)
bifūliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
bifūlijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
bifūlid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: befȳlan
Middle English: befilen, befulen
English: befile
Scots: befyle, befile
⇒ Middle English: defilen (through interference from Middle English defoulen)
English: defile
Scots: defyle, defile

Old Saxon: *bifūlian

Middle Low German: bevûlen, bevulen

German Low German: befulen

Old Dutch: *bifūlen

Middle Dutch: bevulen

Dutch: bevuilen

→? West Frisian: befûlje


þiubiþu

þiubiþu (nominative singular)
þiubiþō (nominative plural)
þiubiþā (accusative singular)
þiubiþā (accusative plural)
þiubiþā (genitive singular)
þiubiþō (genitive plural)
þiubiþē (dative singular)
þiubiþōm (dative plural)
þiubiþum (dative plural)
þiubiþu (instrumental singular)
þiubiþōm (instrumental plural)
þiubiþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þīefþ
Middle English: thefte, theffte, theft, thifthe, þeefte, þeft, þeofþe, þeuft, þiefþe, þifte, þyefþe
English: theft
Scots: thift, theft

desc

Old Frisian: thiuvethe, thiuvede, thiufthe, tiefte

Old Saxon: *thiuvitha

Middle Low German: dü̂vede, dêfte

Old Dutch: *thiuvitha

desctree

Middle Dutch: diefte
Dutch: diefte (dialectal)
Afrikaans: diefte

Old High German: *diubida

Middle High German: diubede

German: Diebde

From Proto-Germanic *þiubiþō (“theft”). Equivalent to *þeub (“thief”) + *-iþu.


fratwu

fratwu (nominative singular)
fratwō (nominative plural)
fratwā (accusative singular)
fratwā (accusative plural)
fratwā (genitive singular)
fratwō (genitive plural)
fratwē (dative singular)
fratwōm (dative plural)
fratwum (dative plural)
fratwu (instrumental singular)
fratwōm (instrumental plural)
fratwum (instrumental plural)

Old English: frætu

Old Saxon: frataha


karil

karil (nominative singular)
karilō (nominative plural)
karilōs (nominative plural)
karil (accusative singular)
karilā (accusative plural)
karilas (genitive singular)
karilō (genitive plural)
karilē (dative singular)
karilum (dative plural)
karilu (instrumental singular)
karilum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ċeorl, ċiorl
Middle English: cherl, cheorl, churl
English: churl
Scots: churl
Yola: chourle

Old Frisian: tzerl, tzirl

North Frisian: keerl

West Frisian: tsjirl, tsjerl

Old Saxon: *keril

Middle Low German: kerl, kerle

desc

Dutch Low Saxon: (Gronings, Achterhoeks) keerl, (Twents, Achterhoeks) kearl

German Low German: Kerel, Keerl

Westphalian:

Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Kǟrl

Suerländer-Märkisch: Kærl, Kæl, Kêrl

Westmünsterländisch: Käärl, Kerl, Kiärl

→ German: Kerl

→ Saterland Frisian: Käärel

Old Dutch: *keril, *karal, karl

Middle Dutch: carel, caerl, kerl, kerel

desctree

Dutch: kerel
Afrikaans: kêrel
Jersey Dutch: kääd'l
→ Saterland Frisian: kerel, kërel, kërdel
→ West Frisian: keardel, kearel

Limburgish: kaerel

Old High German: *keril, karal, karl

desc

Middle High German: karl, karle, kërl, kërle

→ Old Polish: karzeł

Polish: karzeł

⇒ Old High German: Karl (given name)

desctree

German: Karl, Carl
→ English: Karl, Carl (see there for further descendants)

→ Latin: Carolus (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Slavic: *korľь (see there for further descendants)


barug

barug (nominative singular)
barugō (nominative plural)
barugōs (nominative plural)
barug (accusative singular)
barugā (accusative plural)
barugas (genitive singular)
barugō (genitive plural)
barugē (dative singular)
barugum (dative plural)
barugu (instrumental singular)
barugum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bearg, bærh, bearh, bearug, bęrg, berg — Northumbrian
Middle English: barow, bareȝ, bareh, barew, barwe, borwȝ
English: barrow

Old Frisian: barch

Saterland Frisian: Baarch

West Frisian: baarch

Old Saxon: barug

Middle Low German: borch

German Low German: Barg

Old Dutch: barcho

Middle Dutch: barch, barech

Dutch: barg

Afrikaans: burg

Old High German: barug, barh

Middle High German: barc

German: Barg, Barch (dialectal)


bikkjārī

bikkjārī (nominative singular)
bikkjārijō (nominative plural)
bikkjārijōs (nominative plural)
bikkjārī (accusative singular)
bikkjārijā (accusative plural)
bikkjārijas (genitive singular)
bikkjārijō (genitive plural)
bikkjārijē (dative singular)
bikkjārijum (dative plural)
bikkjāriju (instrumental singular)
bikkjārijum (instrumental plural)

Old High German: *bikkāri

Middle Low German: bickære, bicker

From *bikkjō (“pickaxe, chisel”) + *-ārī.


bikkilastain

bikkilastain (nominative singular)
bikkilastainō (nominative plural)
bikkilastainōs (nominative plural)
bikkilastain (accusative singular)
bikkilastainā (accusative plural)
bikkilastainas (genitive singular)
bikkilastainō (genitive plural)
bikkilastainē (dative singular)
bikkilastainum (dative plural)
bikkilastainu (instrumental singular)
bikkilastainum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *bikkilstēn

desc

Middle Low German: bickelstēn, bickelstein

Old High German: *bikkilstein

Middle High German: bickelstein

German: Bickelstein (archaic)

From *bikkil (“die, pebble”) + *stain (“stone”).


stainabikkjārī

stainabikkjārī (nominative singular)
stainabikkjārijō (nominative plural)
stainabikkjārijōs (nominative plural)
stainabikkjārī (accusative singular)
stainabikkjārijā (accusative plural)
stainabikkjārijas (genitive singular)
stainabikkjārijō (genitive plural)
stainabikkjārijē (dative singular)
stainabikkjārijum (dative plural)
stainabikkjāriju (instrumental singular)
stainabikkjārijum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *stēnbikkāri

desc

Middle Low German: stēnbickære, stēnbicker, steinbicker, stēnbecker, steinbecker, steynbecker, steenbecker

Old High German: steinbikkāri, steinbickāri

From *stain (“stone”) + *bikkjārī (“stonemason”).


bikkjō

bikkjō (nominative singular)
bikkjan (nominative plural)
bikkjan (accusative singular)
bikkjan (accusative plural)
bikkjini (genitive singular)
bikkjan (genitive singular)
bikkjanō (genitive plural)
bikkjini (dative singular)
bikkjan (dative singular)
bikkjum (dative plural)
bikkjini (instrumental singular)
bikkjan (instrumental singular)
bikkjum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *bikkio

Middle Low German: bicke

Old High German: *becca

Middle High German: bicke m

German: Bicke f (archaic)


tardōn

tardōn (infinitive)
tardōnijas (genitive infinitive)
tardōnijē (dative infinitive)
tardōniju (infinitive instrumental)
tardō (first-person present singular)
tardōdā (first-person past singular)
tardōs (present second-person singular)
tardōdēs (past second-person singular)
tardōdōs (past second-person singular)
tardōþ (present singular third-person)
tardōdē (past singular third-person)
tardōdā (past singular third-person)
tardōm (first-person plural present)
tardōdum (first-person past plural)
tardōþ (plural present second-person)
tardōdud (past plural second-person)
tardōnþ (plural present third-person)
tardōdun (past plural third-person)
tardōdī (first-person past singular)
tardōdī (past second-person singular)
tardō (present singular third-person)
tardōdī (past singular third-person)
tardōdīm (first-person past plural)
tardōdīd (past plural second-person)
tardōn (plural present third-person)
tardōdīn (past plural third-person)
tardō (present singular)
tardōþ (plural present)
tardōndī (participle present)
tardōd (participle past)

Old Dutch: *tardon

Middle Dutch: taerden, tarden, tārden

Old High German: zartōn

Middle High German: zarten

to treat tenderly, to caress, to flatter


tāþalōn

tāþalōn (infinitive)
tāþalōnijas (genitive infinitive)
tāþalōnijē (dative infinitive)
tāþalōniju (infinitive instrumental)
tāþalō (first-person present singular)
tāþalōdā (first-person past singular)
tāþalōs (present second-person singular)
tāþalōdēs (past second-person singular)
tāþalōdōs (past second-person singular)
tāþalōþ (present singular third-person)
tāþalōdē (past singular third-person)
tāþalōdā (past singular third-person)
tāþalōm (first-person plural present)
tāþalōdum (first-person past plural)
tāþalōþ (plural present second-person)
tāþalōdud (past plural second-person)
tāþalōnþ (plural present third-person)
tāþalōdun (past plural third-person)
tāþalōdī (first-person past singular)
tāþalōdī (past second-person singular)
tāþalō (present singular third-person)
tāþalōdī (past singular third-person)
tāþalōdīm (first-person past plural)
tāþalōdīd (past plural second-person)
tāþalōn (plural present third-person)
tāþalōdīn (past plural third-person)
tāþalō (present singular)
tāþalōþ (plural present)
tāþalōndī (participle present)
tāþalōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *tāthalon

Middle Low German: tâdelen

→ German: tadeln

Old High German: zādalōn

Middle High German: zādelen, zādeln


tehwōn

tehwōn (infinitive)
tehwōnijas (genitive infinitive)
tehwōnijē (dative infinitive)
tehwōniju (infinitive instrumental)
tehwō (first-person present singular)
tehwōdā (first-person past singular)
tehwōs (present second-person singular)
tehwōdēs (past second-person singular)
tehwōdōs (past second-person singular)
tehwōþ (present singular third-person)
tehwōdē (past singular third-person)
tehwōdā (past singular third-person)
tehwōm (first-person plural present)
tehwōdum (first-person past plural)
tehwōþ (plural present second-person)
tehwōdud (past plural second-person)
tehwōnþ (plural present third-person)
tehwōdun (past plural third-person)
tehwōdī (first-person past singular)
tehwōdī (past second-person singular)
tehwō (present singular third-person)
tehwōdī (past singular third-person)
tehwōdīm (first-person past plural)
tehwōdīd (past plural second-person)
tehwōn (plural present third-person)
tehwōdīn (past plural third-person)
tehwō (present singular)
tehwōþ (plural present)
tehwōndī (participle present)
tehwōd (participle past)

desc

Old English: teohhian, teohian, tihhian, tihian

Old High German: zehōn


mattjārī

mattjārī (nominative singular)
mattjārijō (nominative plural)
mattjārijōs (nominative plural)
mattjārī (accusative singular)
mattjārijā (accusative plural)
mattjārijas (genitive singular)
mattjārijō (genitive plural)
mattjārijē (dative singular)
mattjārijum (dative plural)
mattjāriju (instrumental singular)
mattjārijum (instrumental plural)

Old High German: meziāri, mezziāri, mezziari, mezzāri

Middle High German: metzære, metzer, metzjære, metzjer, metziger

German: Metzger

⇒ Old High German: *steinmezzāri

Middle High German: steinmetzære, steinmetzer, steinmezzer

→ Middle Low German: steinmetzære, steinmetzer, steinmezzer

→ Medieval Latin: mattiārius

someone who cuts, stonecutter, butcher, etc.


grindilōn

grindilōn (infinitive)
grindilōnijas (genitive infinitive)
grindilōnijē (dative infinitive)
grindilōniju (infinitive instrumental)
grindilō (first-person present singular)
grindilōdā (first-person past singular)
grindilōs (present second-person singular)
grindilōdēs (past second-person singular)
grindilōdōs (past second-person singular)
grindilōþ (present singular third-person)
grindilōdē (past singular third-person)
grindilōdā (past singular third-person)
grindilōm (first-person plural present)
grindilōdum (first-person past plural)
grindilōþ (plural present second-person)
grindilōdud (past plural second-person)
grindilōnþ (plural present third-person)
grindilōdun (past plural third-person)
grindilōdī (first-person past singular)
grindilōdī (past second-person singular)
grindilō (present singular third-person)
grindilōdī (past singular third-person)
grindilōdīm (first-person past plural)
grindilōdīd (past plural second-person)
grindilōn (plural present third-person)
grindilōdīn (past plural third-person)
grindilō (present singular)
grindilōþ (plural present)
grindilōndī (participle present)
grindilōd (participle past)

Old Dutch: *grindilon

Middle Dutch: grindelen, greindelen, grendelen

Dutch: grendelen

Afrikaans: grendel

Old High German: *grintilōn

⇒ Old High German: bigrintilōn

⇒ Old High German: firgrintilōn


twaijōn

twaijōn (infinitive)
twaijōnijas (genitive infinitive)
twaijōnijē (dative infinitive)
twaijōniju (infinitive instrumental)
twaijō (first-person present singular)
twaijōdā (first-person past singular)
twaijōs (present second-person singular)
twaijōdēs (past second-person singular)
twaijōdōs (past second-person singular)
twaijōþ (present singular third-person)
twaijōdē (past singular third-person)
twaijōdā (past singular third-person)
twaijōm (first-person plural present)
twaijōdum (first-person past plural)
twaijōþ (plural present second-person)
twaijōdud (past plural second-person)
twaijōnþ (plural present third-person)
twaijōdun (past plural third-person)
twaijōdī (first-person past singular)
twaijōdī (past second-person singular)
twaijō (present singular third-person)
twaijōdī (past singular third-person)
twaijōdīm (first-person past plural)
twaijōdīd (past plural second-person)
twaijōn (plural present third-person)
twaijōdīn (past plural third-person)
twaijō (present singular)
twaijōþ (plural present)
twaijōndī (participle present)
twaijōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *twēōn

Middle Low German: tweien, tweigen, twien, twigen, twein, tween

Old Dutch: *twēon

Middle Dutch: twêen, twêyen, twien

Dutch: tweeën, twieën (obsolete)

Old High German: zweiōn

Middle High German: zweien


rōkalausōn

rōkalausōn (infinitive)
rōkalausōnijas (genitive infinitive)
rōkalausōnijē (dative infinitive)
rōkalausōniju (infinitive instrumental)
rōkalausō (first-person present singular)
rōkalausōdā (first-person past singular)
rōkalausōs (present second-person singular)
rōkalausōdēs (past second-person singular)
rōkalausōdōs (past second-person singular)
rōkalausōþ (present singular third-person)
rōkalausōdē (past singular third-person)
rōkalausōdā (past singular third-person)
rōkalausōm (first-person plural present)
rōkalausōdum (first-person past plural)
rōkalausōþ (plural present second-person)
rōkalausōdud (past plural second-person)
rōkalausōnþ (plural present third-person)
rōkalausōdun (past plural third-person)
rōkalausōdī (first-person past singular)
rōkalausōdī (past second-person singular)
rōkalausō (present singular third-person)
rōkalausōdī (past singular third-person)
rōkalausōdīm (first-person past plural)
rōkalausōdīd (past plural second-person)
rōkalausōn (plural present third-person)
rōkalausōdīn (past plural third-person)
rōkalausō (present singular)
rōkalausōþ (plural present)
rōkalausōndī (participle present)
rōkalausōd (participle past)

Old English: rēcelēasian

Old Saxon: *rōkalōsōn

Middle Low German: rôkelôsen

Old Dutch: *ruokelōson

Middle Dutch: *roekelôsen

⇒ Middle Dutch: verroekelôsen

Dutch: verroekelozen

Old High German: ruohhalōsōn

From *rōkalaus (“reckless, careless”) + *-ōn.


wolknōn

wolknōn (infinitive)
wolknōnijas (genitive infinitive)
wolknōnijē (dative infinitive)
wolknōniju (infinitive instrumental)
wolknō (first-person present singular)
wolknōdā (first-person past singular)
wolknōs (present second-person singular)
wolknōdēs (past second-person singular)
wolknōdōs (past second-person singular)
wolknōþ (present singular third-person)
wolknōdē (past singular third-person)
wolknōdā (past singular third-person)
wolknōm (first-person plural present)
wolknōdum (first-person past plural)
wolknōþ (plural present second-person)
wolknōdud (past plural second-person)
wolknōnþ (plural present third-person)
wolknōdun (past plural third-person)
wolknōdī (first-person past singular)
wolknōdī (past second-person singular)
wolknō (present singular third-person)
wolknōdī (past singular third-person)
wolknōdīm (first-person past plural)
wolknōdīd (past plural second-person)
wolknōn (plural present third-person)
wolknōdīn (past plural third-person)
wolknō (present singular)
wolknōþ (plural present)
wolknōndī (participle present)
wolknōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *wolkanōn

Middle Low German: *wolkenen

⇒ Middle Low German: vörwolkenen

Old High German: wolkanōn

Middle High German: wolkenen


hamō

hamō (nominative singular)
haman (nominative plural)
haman (accusative singular)
haman (accusative plural)
hamini (genitive singular)
haman (genitive singular)
hamanō (genitive plural)
hamini (dative singular)
haman (dative singular)
hamum (dative plural)
hamini (instrumental singular)
haman (instrumental singular)
hamum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: hama
Middle English: hame, haum
English: hame, heam

Old Frisian: *hama, *homa

North Frisian: hame

Saterland Frisian: Hoom

West Frisian: haam

Old Saxon: *hamo

Middle Low German: hame, ham

Old Dutch: *hamo

Middle Dutch: hame

Dutch: haam, ham

→ Middle English: hame

English: hame

Scots: hame

Old High German: *hamo

Middle High German: hame, ham

German: Hame, Hamen, Ham (dialectal)

→ Hungarian: hám (see there for further descendants)

gundhamo

*gunþihamō (“armour, battle-wear”); Old High German

fetharhamo

*feþruhamō (“plumage, feathers”); Old Saxon

gūthhamo

*gunþihamō (“armour, battle-wear”); Old Saxon


alīlandijōn

alīlandijōn (infinitive)
alīlandijōnijas (genitive infinitive)
alīlandijōnijē (dative infinitive)
alīlandijōniju (infinitive instrumental)
alīlandijō (first-person present singular)
alīlandijōdā (first-person past singular)
alīlandijōs (present second-person singular)
alīlandijōdēs (past second-person singular)
alīlandijōdōs (past second-person singular)
alīlandijōþ (present singular third-person)
alīlandijōdē (past singular third-person)
alīlandijōdā (past singular third-person)
alīlandijōm (first-person plural present)
alīlandijōdum (first-person past plural)
alīlandijōþ (plural present second-person)
alīlandijōdud (past plural second-person)
alīlandijōnþ (plural present third-person)
alīlandijōdun (past plural third-person)
alīlandijōdī (first-person past singular)
alīlandijōdī (past second-person singular)
alīlandijō (present singular third-person)
alīlandijōdī (past singular third-person)
alīlandijōdīm (first-person past plural)
alīlandijōdīd (past plural second-person)
alīlandijōn (plural present third-person)
alīlandijōdīn (past plural third-person)
alīlandijō (present singular)
alīlandijōþ (plural present)
alīlandijōndī (participle present)
alīlandijōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *elilendōn

Middle Low German: elenden

Old Dutch: *elilendon
Middle Dutch: ellenden

Old High German: elilentōn, ellentōn

Middle High German: ellenden


ainōdī

ainōdī (nominative singular)
ainōdiju (nominative plural)
ainōdī (accusative singular)
ainōdiju (accusative plural)
ainōdijas (genitive singular)
ainōdijō (genitive plural)
ainōdijē (dative singular)
ainōdijum (dative plural)
ainōdiju (instrumental singular)
ainōdijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ānad, ānæd

Old Saxon: ēnōdi

Middle Low German: ēnȫde, einȫde

Old Dutch: einōdi, ēnōdi

Middle Dutch: eenode

Old High German: einōti, einōdi

desc

Middle High German: einœte, einœde, einōte, einode, einōde

German: Einöde


klainōdī

klainōdī (nominative singular)
klainōdiju (nominative plural)
klainōdī (accusative singular)
klainōdiju (accusative plural)
klainōdijas (genitive singular)
klainōdijō (genitive plural)
klainōdijē (dative singular)
klainōdijum (dative plural)
klainōdiju (instrumental singular)
klainōdijum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: klênōdīen pl

Old Saxon: *klēnōdi

Middle Low German: klēnȫde, kleinȫde, klēnode, kleinode, klēnōde, kleinōde, klēnāde, kleināde, klēnōdie, kleinōdie

→ Norwegian: klenodie

Old Dutch: *cleinodi

Middle Dutch: cleinode, cleinode, cleinoot, cleinoot, clenoed

Dutch: kleinood

Old High German: *kleinōti

Middle High German: kleinōt, kleinœt, kleinœte, kleināt, kleinēt

German: Kleinod

→ Medieval Latin: clēnōdium

From *klainī (“fine, delicate”) + *-ōdī.


haimōdī

haimōdī (nominative singular)
haimōdiju (nominative plural)
haimōdī (accusative singular)
haimōdiju (accusative plural)
haimōdijas (genitive singular)
haimōdijō (genitive plural)
haimōdijē (dative singular)
haimōdijum (dative plural)
haimōdiju (instrumental singular)
haimōdijum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *hēmōde

Saterland Frisian: Heemat

Old Saxon: *hēmōdi

Middle Low German: hēmōde, hēmöde, hēmoude, hēmǖde, hēmōt, heimōde

Old Dutch: *hēmodi

Middle Dutch: heimode

Old High German: heimōti, heimuoti, heimōdi

Middle High German: heimuote, heimüete, heimuot, heimōte, heimōde, heimōt, heimūt, heinmūte

Bavarian: Hoamad

Cimbrian: huamat

German: Heimat

Alemannic German: Huamat, Hoamat, Hämat (Vorarlbergisch)

East Central German: Haamit (Erzgebirgisch)

Vilamovian: hāmyt


nuhtisamōn

nuhtisamōn (infinitive)
nuhtisamōnijas (genitive infinitive)
nuhtisamōnijē (dative infinitive)
nuhtisamōniju (infinitive instrumental)
nuhtisamō (first-person present singular)
nuhtisamōdā (first-person past singular)
nuhtisamōs (present second-person singular)
nuhtisamōdēs (past second-person singular)
nuhtisamōdōs (past second-person singular)
nuhtisamōþ (present singular third-person)
nuhtisamōdē (past singular third-person)
nuhtisamōdā (past singular third-person)
nuhtisamōm (first-person plural present)
nuhtisamōdum (first-person past plural)
nuhtisamōþ (plural present second-person)
nuhtisamōdud (past plural second-person)
nuhtisamōnþ (plural present third-person)
nuhtisamōdun (past plural third-person)
nuhtisamōdī (first-person past singular)
nuhtisamōdī (past second-person singular)
nuhtisamō (present singular third-person)
nuhtisamōdī (past singular third-person)
nuhtisamōdīm (first-person past plural)
nuhtisamōdīd (past plural second-person)
nuhtisamōn (plural present third-person)
nuhtisamōdīn (past plural third-person)
nuhtisamō (present singular)
nuhtisamōþ (plural present)
nuhtisamōndī (participle present)
nuhtisamōd (participle past)

Old English: nyhtsumian

From *nuhtisam (“sufficient, abundant”) + *-ōn.

suffix

genuhtsamen

Old High German: ginuhtsamōn; Middle High German


allaaud

allaaud (nominative singular)
allaaudō (nominative plural)
allaaudōs (nominative plural)
allaaud (accusative singular)
allaaudā (accusative plural)
allaaudas (genitive singular)
allaaudō (genitive plural)
allaaudē (dative singular)
allaaudum (dative plural)
allaaudu (instrumental singular)
allaaudum (instrumental plural)

Old High German: alōd

→ Medieval Latin: allodium (see there for further descendants)

From *all (“all”) + *aud (“wealth, riches”).


futtjā

futtjā (nominative singular)
futtjōn (nominative plural)
futtjōn (accusative singular)
futtjōn (accusative plural)
futtjōn (genitive singular)
futtjōnō (genitive plural)
futtjōn (dative singular)
futtjōm (dative plural)
futtjum (dative plural)
futtjōn (instrumental singular)
futtjōm (instrumental plural)
futtjum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *futtia

Middle Low German: futte

Old High German: *futta

Middle High German: fotze, futze, votze

German: Fotze

Hunsrik: Futz

From *futi (“uterus, vulva”) + *-jā (agent suffix).


hwaijōn

hwaijōn (infinitive)
hwaijōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hwaijōnijē (dative infinitive)
hwaijōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hwaijō (first-person present singular)
hwaijōdā (first-person past singular)
hwaijōs (present second-person singular)
hwaijōdēs (past second-person singular)
hwaijōdōs (past second-person singular)
hwaijōþ (present singular third-person)
hwaijōdē (past singular third-person)
hwaijōdā (past singular third-person)
hwaijōm (first-person plural present)
hwaijōdum (first-person past plural)
hwaijōþ (plural present second-person)
hwaijōdud (past plural second-person)
hwaijōnþ (plural present third-person)
hwaijōdun (past plural third-person)
hwaijōdī (first-person past singular)
hwaijōdī (past second-person singular)
hwaijō (present singular third-person)
hwaijōdī (past singular third-person)
hwaijōdīm (first-person past plural)
hwaijōdīd (past plural second-person)
hwaijōn (plural present third-person)
hwaijōdīn (past plural third-person)
hwaijō (present singular)
hwaijōþ (plural present)
hwaijōndī (participle present)
hwaijōd (participle past)

Old Dutch: *wēon

Middle Dutch: weyen

Old High German: weiōn, hweiōn, weigōn

desc

Middle High German: weien, weijen, weigen

Likely from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwey- (“to hiss, whistle, whisper”). Closely related to the strong verb *hwīnan. Compare also Icelandic hvía with a different ablaut grade.


bisalwijan

bisalwijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
bisalwijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
bisalwijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
bisalwijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
bisalwiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bisalwidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bisalwisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bisalwidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bisalwidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bisalwiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bisalwidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bisalwidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bisalwijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bisalwidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bisalwiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bisalwidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bisalwijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bisalwidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bisalwijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bisalwidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bisalwijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bisalwidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bisalwijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bisalwidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bisalwijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bisalwidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bisalwijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bisalwidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bisalwijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bisalwidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bisalwi (class-1 present singular weak)
bisalwiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
bisalwijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
bisalwid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *bisalwian

>? Middle Low German: besālen, beselen

Old Dutch: *bisalwen, *bisaluwen

desc

Middle Dutch: besaluwen, beselewen, beselwen

Old High German: *bisalawen

Middle High German: beselwen

⇒ Middle High German: beselwunge


gaburþi

gaburþi (nominative singular)
gaburþī (nominative plural)
gaburþi (accusative singular)
gaburþī (accusative plural)
gaburdī (genitive singular)
gaburdijō (genitive plural)
gaburdī (dative singular)
gaburdim (dative plural)
gaburdijum (dative plural)
gaburdī (instrumental singular)
gaburdim (instrumental plural)
gaburdijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġebyrd

desctree

Old Saxon: giburd
Middle Low German: gebōrt, geburt
Low German: Geboort
→ Saterland Frisian: Gebuurt

Old Dutch: *geburd

Middle Dutch: geborde, gebort, gheborte

Dutch: geboorte
Afrikaans: geboorte
Negerhollands: geboort, geboorte
→ West Frisian: geboarte

Old High German: giburt

Middle High German: geburt

Cimbrian: gabüart

German: Geburt

Luxembourgish: Gebuert

Yiddish: געבורט (geburt)

From Proto-Germanic *gaburþiz. Equivalent to *ga- + *burþi.


burþi

burþi (nominative singular)
burþī (nominative plural)
burþi (accusative singular)
burþī (accusative plural)
burdī (genitive singular)
burdijō (genitive plural)
burdī (dative singular)
burdim (dative plural)
burdijum (dative plural)
burdī (instrumental singular)
burdim (instrumental plural)
burdijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: beorþ, berþ, byrþ, byrd

desc

Middle English: birth, byrth, birthe, byrthe

English: birth

Scots: birth

Old Frisian: berde, berd, berthe (“birth, fruit”)

Saterland Frisian: Bäide

West Frisian: berte

Old Saxon: *burd

Middle Low German: bord, bōrt

German Low German: Boort

Old Dutch: *burt

Middle Dutch: boort, boorte

Dutch: boorte

Old High German: burt (“shape, being, birth”)

Middle High German: burt

German: Burt


gelstr

gelstr (nominative singular)
gelstru (nominative plural)
gelstr (accusative singular)
gelstru (accusative plural)
gelstras (genitive singular)
gelstrō (genitive plural)
gelstrē (dative singular)
gelstrum (dative plural)
gelstru (instrumental singular)
gelstrum (instrumental plural)

Old High German: gelstar

⇒ Middle High German: gelsterkorn

From Proto-Germanic *gelstrą. Equivalent to *geldan (“to pay for”) + *-þr.


reumōn

reumōn (infinitive)
reumōnijas (genitive infinitive)
reumōnijē (dative infinitive)
reumōniju (infinitive instrumental)
reumō (first-person present singular)
reumōdā (first-person past singular)
reumōs (present second-person singular)
reumōdēs (past second-person singular)
reumōdōs (past second-person singular)
reumōþ (present singular third-person)
reumōdē (past singular third-person)
reumōdā (past singular third-person)
reumōm (first-person plural present)
reumōdum (first-person past plural)
reumōþ (plural present second-person)
reumōdud (past plural second-person)
reumōnþ (plural present third-person)
reumōdun (past plural third-person)
reumōdī (first-person past singular)
reumōdī (past second-person singular)
reumō (present singular third-person)
reumōdī (past singular third-person)
reumōdīm (first-person past plural)
reumōdīd (past plural second-person)
reumōn (plural present third-person)
reumōdīn (past plural third-person)
reumō (present singular)
reumōþ (plural present)
reumōndī (participle present)
reumōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *riomōn

Middle Low German: rēmen

Old Dutch: *riomon

Middle Dutch: riemen

Dutch: riemen

Old High German: riomōn

Middle High German: riemen

German: riemen


aiskijā

aiskijā (nominative singular)
aiskijōn (nominative plural)
aiskijōn (accusative singular)
aiskijōn (accusative plural)
aiskijōn (genitive singular)
aiskijōnō (genitive plural)
aiskijōn (dative singular)
aiskijōm (dative plural)
aiskijum (dative plural)
aiskijōn (instrumental singular)
aiskijōm (instrumental plural)
aiskijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ǣsce (“asking, inquiry, search”)

Middle English: axe, as

>? English: ask

Old High German: *eiskia, *eiskī

Middle High German: eiskī

From *aiskōn (“to demand, ask for”) + *-jā.


mōtu

mōtu (nominative singular)
mōtō (nominative plural)
mōtā (accusative singular)
mōtā (accusative plural)
mōtā (genitive singular)
mōtō (genitive plural)
mōtē (dative singular)
mōtōm (dative plural)
mōtum (dative plural)
mōtu (instrumental singular)
mōtōm (instrumental plural)
mōtum (instrumental plural)

Old English: mōt

Middle English: mot

Yola: mot

Old High German: *muoza

Middle High German: muoze

Bavarian: Mueß (“miller's fee”)

→ Medieval Latin: mūta [a. 837]

→ Old Dutch: *mūta

Middle Dutch: mute

Dutch: muit (archaic)

→ Old High German: *mūta, muta (alternatively borrowed from Gothic)

Middle High German: mūte

German: Maut

→ Old Norse: múta

Icelandic: múta

Norwegian Nynorsk: mute

Old Swedish: múta

Swedish: muta

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache


klagu

klagu (nominative singular)
klagō (nominative plural)
klagā (accusative singular)
klagā (accusative plural)
klagā (genitive singular)
klagō (genitive plural)
klagē (dative singular)
klagōm (dative plural)
klagum (dative plural)
klagu (instrumental singular)
klagōm (instrumental plural)
klagum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: klage, klagi

West Frisian: klegge

Old Saxon: klaga

Middle High German: klāge

→ Danish: klage

→ Norwegian: klage

Old High German: klaga

Middle High German: klage

German: Klage

Unknown; compared to the descendants of Proto-Indo-Iranian *garȷ́ʰ- (“to complain”) (from Proto-Indo-European *g(w)eRǵh-) but the schwebeablaut makes this questionable. Bjorvand/Lindeman assume an onomatopoeic origin.

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic

Brill Publishers
Friedrich Kluge
Helmut Rix
John Francis Davis
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben


walþumaistar

walþumaistar (nominative singular)
walþumaistarō (nominative plural)
walþumaistarōs (nominative plural)
walþumaistar (accusative singular)
walþumaistarā (accusative plural)
walþumaistaras (genitive singular)
walþumaistarō (genitive plural)
walþumaistarē (dative singular)
walþumaistarum (dative plural)
walþumaistaru (instrumental singular)
walþumaistarum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *waldmēstar

Middle Low German: wôltmēster

Old Dutch: *waltmēster

Middle Dutch: woutmeester, woutmeister

Dutch: woudmeester

Old High German: *waldmeistar

Middle High German: waltmeister

desctree

German: Waldmeister
→ English: waldmeister

→ French: waumaistre (dialectal)

From *walþu (“forest”) + *maistar (“master”).


perwinkā

pirwinkā (nominative singular)
pirwinkōn (nominative plural)
pirwinkōn (accusative singular)
pirwinkōn (accusative plural)
pirwinkōn (genitive singular)
pirwinkōnō (genitive plural)
pirwinkōn (dative singular)
pirwinkōm (dative plural)
pirwinkum (dative plural)
pirwinkōn (instrumental singular)
pirwinkōm (instrumental plural)
pirwinkum (instrumental plural)

Old English: perfince, perwince

Middle English: perwinke

desc

Old High German: berawinka, berawinca, berwinka

Middle High German: berewinke, berwinke

German: Beerwinck

→ Czech: barvínek (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Late Latin pervinca. Cognate with Old French pervenche, Italian pervinca. Continental Germanic forms corrupted by *berō (“bear”), found in *beranwurti (“bearwort, baldmoney”).

berwinkel

Old Saxon: *berawinkila, *beranwinkila; Middle Low German


nōst

nōst (nominative singular)
nōstō (nominative plural)
nōstōs (nominative plural)
nōst (accusative singular)
nōstā (accusative plural)
nōstas (genitive singular)
nōstō (genitive plural)
nōstē (dative singular)
nōstum (dative plural)
nōstu (instrumental singular)
nōstum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *nōst

Saterland Frisian: Noust

Old Saxon: *nōst

Middle Low German: nôst, nôste

German Low German: Noost

Old Dutch: *nuost

Middle Dutch: noest, nuest

Dutch: noest

Rebracketing of *ain ōst (“a branch, gnarl”)


-frī

-frī (masculine nominative singular)
-friju (feminine nominative singular)
-frī (neuter nominative singular)
-frijanā (accusative masculine singular)
-frijā (accusative feminine singular)
-frī (accusative neuter singular)
-frijas (genitive masculine singular)
-frijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
-frijas (genitive neuter singular)
-frijumē (dative masculine singular)
-frijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
-frijumē (dative neuter singular)
-friju (instrumental masculine singular)
-frijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
-friju (instrumental neuter singular)
-frijē (masculine nominative plural)
-frijō (feminine nominative plural)
-friju (neuter nominative plural)
-frijā (accusative masculine plural)
-frijā (accusative feminine plural)
-friju (accusative neuter plural)
-frijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
-frijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
-frijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
-frijēm (dative masculine plural)
-frijum (dative masculine plural)
-frijēm (dative feminine plural)
-frijum (dative feminine plural)
-frijēm (dative neuter plural)
-frijum (dative neuter plural)
-frijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
-frijum (instrumental masculine plural)
-frijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
-frijum (feminine instrumental plural)
-frijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
-frijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: -frēo

Middle English: -freo, -fre

English: -free

Scots: -frie, -free

Old Frisian: *-frī

Saterland Frisian: -fräi

West Frisian: -frij

Old Saxon: *-frī

Middle Low German: -vrî

German Low German: -freei

→ Danish: -fri

→ Swedish: -fri

→ Norwegian: -fri

Old Dutch: *-frī

Middle Dutch: -vrî

Dutch: -vrij

Old High German: *-frī

Middle High German: -frī, -vrī

German: -frei


hauʀukōn

hauʀukōn (infinitive)
hauʀukōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hauʀukōnijē (dative infinitive)
hauʀukōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hauʀukō (first-person present singular)
hauʀukōdā (first-person past singular)
hauʀukōs (present second-person singular)
hauʀukōdēs (past second-person singular)
hauʀukōdōs (past second-person singular)
hauʀukōþ (present singular third-person)
hauʀukōdē (past singular third-person)
hauʀukōdā (past singular third-person)
hauʀukōm (first-person plural present)
hauʀukōdum (first-person past plural)
hauʀukōþ (plural present second-person)
hauʀukōdud (past plural second-person)
hauʀukōnþ (plural present third-person)
hauʀukōdun (past plural third-person)
hauʀukōdī (first-person past singular)
hauʀukōdī (past second-person singular)
hauʀukō (present singular third-person)
hauʀukōdī (past singular third-person)
hauʀukōdīm (first-person past plural)
hauʀukōdīd (past plural second-person)
hauʀukōn (plural present third-person)
hauʀukōdīn (past plural third-person)
hauʀukō (present singular)
hauʀukōþ (plural present)
hauʀukōndī (participle present)
hauʀukōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: *heorcian
Middle English: herken, herkien, harkien
English: heark, hark
Scots: herk, hark

⇒ Old English: heorcnian
Middle English: herkenen
English: hearken, harken
Scots: herkin

desc

Old Frisian: hērkia (< *hauʀikōn), harkia

North Frisian: harke

West Frisian: harkje

Old Saxon: *hōrkōn

Middle Low German: hôrken, horken

German Low German: horken

Old Dutch: *hōrkon

Middle Dutch: hoorken, huerken, hurken, horken

Dutch: horken

Old High German: *hōrachōn, hōrechen (late Old High German)

Middle High German: horchen, hōrchen

German: horchen


plūmōn

plūmōn (infinitive)
plūmōnijas (genitive infinitive)
plūmōnijē (dative infinitive)
plūmōniju (infinitive instrumental)
plūmō (first-person present singular)
plūmōdā (first-person past singular)
plūmōs (present second-person singular)
plūmōdēs (past second-person singular)
plūmōdōs (past second-person singular)
plūmōþ (present singular third-person)
plūmōdē (past singular third-person)
plūmōdā (past singular third-person)
plūmōm (first-person plural present)
plūmōdum (first-person past plural)
plūmōþ (plural present second-person)
plūmōdud (past plural second-person)
plūmōnþ (plural present third-person)
plūmōdun (past plural third-person)
plūmōdī (first-person past singular)
plūmōdī (past second-person singular)
plūmō (present singular third-person)
plūmōdī (past singular third-person)
plūmōdīm (first-person past plural)
plūmōdīd (past plural second-person)
plūmōn (plural present third-person)
plūmōdīn (past plural third-person)
plūmō (present singular)
plūmōþ (plural present)
plūmōndī (participle present)
plūmōd (participle past)

>? Old English: *plūmian

q

could also be borrowed from Old French <i class="Latn mention" lang="fo">plumer</i>

>? Middle English: plumen (could also be borrowed from Old French plumer)

Old Frisian: *plūmia

desc

West Frisian: plomje, plomkje, plûmje, plúmje

Old Saxon: plūmon

Middle Low German: plûmen

Old Dutch: *plūmon

Middle Dutch: plumen

Dutch: pluimen

Old High German: pflūmōn, phlūmōn, plūmōn

Middle High German: pflūmen

German: pflaumen

to provide with feathers, decorate with feathers


farukōn

farukōn (infinitive)
farukōnijas (genitive infinitive)
farukōnijē (dative infinitive)
farukōniju (infinitive instrumental)
farukō (first-person present singular)
farukōdā (first-person past singular)
farukōs (present second-person singular)
farukōdēs (past second-person singular)
farukōdōs (past second-person singular)
farukōþ (present singular third-person)
farukōdē (past singular third-person)
farukōdā (past singular third-person)
farukōm (first-person plural present)
farukōdum (first-person past plural)
farukōþ (plural present second-person)
farukōdud (past plural second-person)
farukōnþ (plural present third-person)
farukōdun (past plural third-person)
farukōdī (first-person past singular)
farukōdī (past second-person singular)
farukō (present singular third-person)
farukōdī (past singular third-person)
farukōdīm (first-person past plural)
farukōdīd (past plural second-person)
farukōn (plural present third-person)
farukōdīn (past plural third-person)
farukō (present singular)
farukōþ (plural present)
farukōndī (participle present)
farukōd (participle past)

desctree

< <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmw-pro">*farikōn</i>

Old English: fercian (< *farikōn)
Middle English: ferken, firken
English: firk
Scots: ferk

Old Frisian: *farkia

West Frisian: farkje

⇒ West Frisian: farkelje

Old Dutch: *farkon, *ferkon

Middle Dutch: *varken, *verken

desc

⇒ Dutch: (early Modern Dutch) værkelen, (dialectal) varkelen, veerkelen

Old High German: *ferihōn, *ferhōn

>? Middle High German: *fergen, *vergen

Swabian: fergen, ferken (“to bring, dispatch”)

⇒ Middle High German: verfergen, ververgen (“to lead too far”)


beranwurti

beranwurti (nominative singular)
beranwurtī (nominative plural)
beranwurti (accusative singular)
beranwurtī (accusative plural)
beranwurtī (genitive singular)
beranwurtijō (genitive plural)
beranwurtī (dative singular)
beranwurtim (dative plural)
beranwurtijum (dative plural)
beranwurtī (instrumental singular)
beranwurtim (instrumental plural)
beranwurtijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *berawurt

Middle English: berwert

English: bearwort

Old Saxon: *beranwurt, *berawurt

Middle Low German: berewort, bērwort, bērenwort, bērnewort

Old High German: berawurz, berwurz, *beranwurzi

Middle Low German: berwurz, berwurze, berenwurz, bernwurz

German: Bärwurz

From *berō (“bear”) + *wurti (“root, spice”).

Meum athamanticum
Meum athamanticum#Translingual

bearwort, baldmoney, spignel (Meum athamanticum)


maistarōn

maistarōn (infinitive)
maistarōnijas (genitive infinitive)
maistarōnijē (dative infinitive)
maistarōniju (infinitive instrumental)
maistarō (first-person present singular)
maistarōdā (first-person past singular)
maistarōs (present second-person singular)
maistarōdēs (past second-person singular)
maistarōdōs (past second-person singular)
maistarōþ (present singular third-person)
maistarōdē (past singular third-person)
maistarōdā (past singular third-person)
maistarōm (first-person plural present)
maistarōdum (first-person past plural)
maistarōþ (plural present second-person)
maistarōdud (past plural second-person)
maistarōnþ (plural present third-person)
maistarōdun (past plural third-person)
maistarōdī (first-person past singular)
maistarōdī (past second-person singular)
maistarō (present singular third-person)
maistarōdī (past singular third-person)
maistarōdīm (first-person past plural)
maistarōdīd (past plural second-person)
maistarōn (plural present third-person)
maistarōdīn (past plural third-person)
maistarō (present singular)
maistarōþ (plural present)
maistarōndī (participle present)
maistarōd (participle past)

desctree

>? Old English: *mǣġestrian, *māġistrian

q

could also be borrowed from Old French <i class="Latn mention" lang="fo">maistriier</i>

>? Middle English: maistren (could also be borrowed from Old French maistriier)

English: master

Old Frisian: māsteria, māstria

West Frisian: masterje

Old Saxon: *mēstaron

desc

Middle Low German: mēsteren, meisteren, meysteren, meystern

Old Dutch: *mēsteron

Middle Dutch: mêesteren

Dutch: meesteren

Old High German: meistarōn

Middle High German: meisteren

German: meisteren


leugārī

leugārī (nominative singular)
leugārijō (nominative plural)
leugārijōs (nominative plural)
leugārī (accusative singular)
leugārijā (accusative plural)
leugārijas (genitive singular)
leugārijō (genitive plural)
leugārijē (dative singular)
leugārijum (dative plural)
leugāriju (instrumental singular)
leugārijum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: lēogere, lēgere — Anglian
Middle English: legher, lyere, liȝer
English: liar
Scots: leyar, lear, liear, lyar

Old Frisian: *liāger

West Frisian: liger

Old Saxon: *liogāri

Middle Low German: lēgære, lēgēre

Old Dutch: *liegāri

Middle Dutch: lieger

Dutch: lieger

desc

Old High German: liogāri, liugāri, liogari

Middle High German: liegære, lieger

German: Lüger (archaic)

From Proto-Germanic *leugārijaz (“liar”), from *leuganą (“to lie”) + *-ārijaz. Equivalent to *leugan + *-ārī. Cognate with Old Norse ljúgari (“liar”), Icelandic lygari (“liar”).


luginārī

luginārī (nominative singular)
luginārijō (nominative plural)
luginārijōs (nominative plural)
luginārī (accusative singular)
luginārijā (accusative plural)
luginārijas (genitive singular)
luginārijō (genitive plural)
luginārijē (dative singular)
luginārijum (dative plural)
lugināriju (instrumental singular)
luginārijum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: leiner

Old Saxon: lugināri

Middle Low German: lēgenære, legener, liggener

Plautdietsch: Läajna

→ Danish: løgner

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: løgner

Norwegian Nynorsk: lygnar, løgnar

→ Swedish: lögnare

Old Dutch: *lugināri

Middle Dutch: lōghenâre, lȫghenâre, lugenaer

desctree

Dutch: leugenaar
Afrikaans: leuenaar
Negerhollands: leegenaar, lugenaar, lugman, lugvolk

desc

Old High German: lugināri, lugineri, luginari

Middle High German: lügenære, lügener, lügenāre, lugenære, lugenāre, lugener

German: Lügner

Yiddish: ליגנער (ligner)

From *luginu (“lie, falsehood”) + *-ārī.


druknō

druknō (masculine nominative singular)
druknō (feminine nominative singular)
druknō (neuter nominative singular)
druknōanā (accusative masculine singular)
druknōā (accusative feminine singular)
druknō (accusative neuter singular)
druknōas (genitive masculine singular)
druknōeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
druknōas (genitive neuter singular)
druknōmē (dative masculine singular)
druknōeʀē (dative feminine singular)
druknōmē (dative neuter singular)
druknō (instrumental masculine singular)
druknōeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
druknō (instrumental neuter singular)
druknōē (masculine nominative plural)
druknōō (feminine nominative plural)
druknō (neuter nominative plural)
druknōā (accusative masculine plural)
druknōā (accusative feminine plural)
druknō (accusative neuter plural)
druknōeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
druknōeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
druknōeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
druknōēm (dative masculine plural)
druknōm (dative masculine plural)
druknōēm (dative feminine plural)
druknōm (dative feminine plural)
druknōēm (dative neuter plural)
druknōm (dative neuter plural)
druknōēm (instrumental masculine plural)
druknōm (instrumental masculine plural)
druknōēm (feminine instrumental plural)
druknōm (feminine instrumental plural)
druknōēm (instrumental neuter plural)
druknōm (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Saxon: drukno, drokno

Old High German: trukkano, truckano

Middle High German: trucken, trocken

German: trocken


drūgijan

drūgijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
drūgijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
drūgijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
drūgijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
drūgiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
drūgidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
drūgisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
drūgidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
drūgidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
drūgiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
drūgidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
drūgidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
drūgijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
drūgidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
drūgiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
drūgidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
drūgijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
drūgidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
drūgijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
drūgidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
drūgijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
drūgidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
drūgijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
drūgidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
drūgijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
drūgidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
drūgijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
drūgidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
drūgijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
drūgidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
drūgi (class-1 present singular weak)
drūgiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
drūgijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
drūgid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: drūgian

Old Frisian: *drūgia

Saterland Frisian: druugje


draugijōþu

draugijōþu (nominative singular)
draugijōþiwi (nominative plural)
draugijōþō (nominative plural)
draugijōþu (accusative singular)
draugijōþū (accusative plural)
draugijōþō (genitive singular)
draugijōþiwō (genitive plural)
draugijōþiwi (dative singular)
draugijōþō (dative singular)
draugijōþum (dative plural)
draugijōþu (instrumental singular)
draugijōþum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: drūgaþ, drūgaþe, drūgoð, drūgoða
Middle English: droghte, droȝt, droȝte, droȝþe, drought, drougthe, drouȝte, drouȝth, drouȝþe, drouht, drouthe, drouþe, drowghte, drowþe, drught, druȝþe, droute, drowte, drowyth (Late Middle English), drugte, druhhþe (Early Middle English)
English: drought (dialectal or obsolete drouth, druft)
Scots: drocht, drouth

Old Saxon: *drōgōt

desc

Middle Low German: drȫgede, drügede, drȫchte

Low German: Dröögde

Old Dutch: *drōgot

Middle Dutch: drôochte

Dutch: droogte


gastorknēn

gastorknēn (infinitive)
gastorknēnijas (genitive infinitive)
gastorknēnijē (dative infinitive)
gastorknēniju (infinitive instrumental)
gastorknē (first-person present singular)
gastorkn?dā (first-person past singular)
gastorknēs (present second-person singular)
gastorkn?dēs (past second-person singular)
gastorknēþ (present singular third-person)
gastorkn?dē (past singular third-person)
gastorkn?dā (past singular third-person)
gastorknēm (first-person plural present)
gastorkn?dum (first-person past plural)
gastorknēþ (plural present second-person)
gastorkn?dud (past plural second-person)
gastorknēnþ (plural present third-person)
gastorkn?dun (past plural third-person)
gastorkn?dī (first-person past singular)
gastorkn?dī (past second-person singular)
gastorknē (present singular third-person)
gastorkn?dī (past singular third-person)
gastorkn?dīm (first-person past plural)
gastorkn?dīd (past plural second-person)
gastorknēn (plural present third-person)
gastorkn?dīn (past plural third-person)
gastorknē (present singular)
gastorknēþ (plural present)
gastorknēndī (participle present)
gastorkn?d (participle past)

Old High German: gistorkanēn

From Proto-Germanic *gasturknaną, from *ga- + *sturknaną.


draugijan

draugijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
draugijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
draugijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
draugijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
draugiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
draugidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
draugisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
draugidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
draugidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
draugiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
draugidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
draugidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
draugijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
draugidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
draugiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
draugidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
draugijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
draugidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
draugijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
draugidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
draugijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
draugidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
draugijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
draugidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
draugijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
draugidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
draugijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
draugidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
draugijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
draugidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
draugi (class-1 present singular weak)
draugiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
draugijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
draugid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: drȳġan, drīġan, drīġean
Middle English: driȝen, drien
English: dry
Scots: drie, dry

Old Saxon: *drōgian

Middle Low German: drȫgen, drügen

Old Dutch: *drōgen

Middle Dutch: drôgen
Dutch: drogen
Limburgish: druuege


þurʀijan

þurʀijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
þurʀijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
þurʀijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
þurʀijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
þurʀiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
þurʀidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
þurʀisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
þurʀidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þurʀidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þurʀiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
þurʀidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þurʀidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þurʀijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
þurʀidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
þurʀiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
þurʀidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
þurʀijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
þurʀidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
þurʀijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
þurʀidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
þurʀijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
þurʀidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þurʀijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
þurʀidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þurʀijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
þurʀidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
þurʀijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
þurʀidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
þurʀijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
þurʀidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
þurʀi (class-1 present singular weak)
þurʀiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
þurʀijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
þurʀid (class-1 participle past weak)

q

only attested in the past participle <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">þyrred</i>

Old English: þyrrian (only attested in the past participle þyrred)

From Proto-Germanic *þurzijaną. Equivalent to *þurʀī (“dry, dried up”) + *-jan.

(impersonal, with accusative) to be thirsty


haidōn

haidōn (infinitive)
haidōnijas (genitive infinitive)
haidōnijē (dative infinitive)
haidōniju (infinitive instrumental)
haidō (first-person present singular)
haidōdā (first-person past singular)
haidōs (present second-person singular)
haidōdēs (past second-person singular)
haidōdōs (past second-person singular)
haidōþ (present singular third-person)
haidōdē (past singular third-person)
haidōdā (past singular third-person)
haidōm (first-person plural present)
haidōdum (first-person past plural)
haidōþ (plural present second-person)
haidōdud (past plural second-person)
haidōnþ (plural present third-person)
haidōdun (past plural third-person)
haidōdī (first-person past singular)
haidōdī (past second-person singular)
haidō (present singular third-person)
haidōdī (past singular third-person)
haidōdīm (first-person past plural)
haidōdīd (past plural second-person)
haidōn (plural present third-person)
haidōdīn (past plural third-person)
haidō (present singular)
haidōþ (plural present)
haidōndī (participle present)
haidōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: hādian
Middle English: hoden, hodien
English: hode

⇒ Old High German: intheitōn (to remove from a position or rank)

Derived from *haidu (“state, rank”) + *-ōn.

to ordain, admit into a (religious) order


drūgī

drūgī (masculine nominative singular)
drūgiju (feminine nominative singular)
drūgī (neuter nominative singular)
drūgijanā (accusative masculine singular)
drūgijā (accusative feminine singular)
drūgī (accusative neuter singular)
drūgijas (genitive masculine singular)
drūgijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
drūgijas (genitive neuter singular)
drūgijumē (dative masculine singular)
drūgijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
drūgijumē (dative neuter singular)
drūgiju (instrumental masculine singular)
drūgijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
drūgiju (instrumental neuter singular)
drūgijē (masculine nominative plural)
drūgijō (feminine nominative plural)
drūgiju (neuter nominative plural)
drūgijā (accusative masculine plural)
drūgijā (accusative feminine plural)
drūgiju (accusative neuter plural)
drūgijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
drūgijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
drūgijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
drūgijēm (dative masculine plural)
drūgijum (dative masculine plural)
drūgijēm (dative feminine plural)
drūgijum (dative feminine plural)
drūgijēm (dative neuter plural)
drūgijum (dative neuter plural)
drūgijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
drūgijum (instrumental masculine plural)
drūgijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
drūgijum (feminine instrumental plural)
drūgijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
drūgijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: drȳġe, drīġe (or < *draugī)
Middle English: drye, drie, dri, drige, dryge, drüȝe
English: dry
Scots: dry, drey

Old Frisian: *drūge, *drēge, *drūch;

North Frisian: drüg, driig

Saterland Frisian: druuch

Old Saxon: *drūgi

Middle Low German: drûge, drüge

Old Dutch: *drūgi

Middle Dutch: drughe, drueghe

Limburgish: druug

q

Old High German: *drūgi (northern, attested as drūgon (dat.pl.))

Middle High German: trǖge, drǖge

Central Franconian: drüch, dreich, drei

Luxembourgish: dréchen (merged with *drukn)

East Central German: treiche

German: treuge (obsolete)


draugī

draugī (masculine nominative singular)
draugiju (feminine nominative singular)
draugī (neuter nominative singular)
draugijanā (accusative masculine singular)
draugijā (accusative feminine singular)
draugī (accusative neuter singular)
draugijas (genitive masculine singular)
draugijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
draugijas (genitive neuter singular)
draugijumē (dative masculine singular)
draugijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
draugijumē (dative neuter singular)
draugiju (instrumental masculine singular)
draugijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
draugiju (instrumental neuter singular)
draugijē (masculine nominative plural)
draugijō (feminine nominative plural)
draugiju (neuter nominative plural)
draugijā (accusative masculine plural)
draugijā (accusative feminine plural)
draugiju (accusative neuter plural)
draugijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
draugijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
draugijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
draugijēm (dative masculine plural)
draugijum (dative masculine plural)
draugijēm (dative feminine plural)
draugijum (dative feminine plural)
draugijēm (dative neuter plural)
draugijum (dative neuter plural)
draugijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
draugijum (instrumental masculine plural)
draugijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
draugijum (feminine instrumental plural)
draugijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
draugijum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: drȳġe, drīġe (or < *drūgī)
Middle English: drye, drie, dri, drige, dryge, drüȝe
English: dry
Scots: dry, drey

Old Saxon: *drōgi

Middle Low German: drôge

Low German: dröög
→ German: dröge

Old Dutch: *drougi, *drōgi

Middle Dutch: drôghe

Dutch: droog
Afrikaans: droog
Berbice Creole Dutch: droko
Negerhollands: droog, drok
Skepi Creole Dutch: dróg
→ West Frisian: droech


gainōn

gainōn (infinitive)
gainōnijas (genitive infinitive)
gainōnijē (dative infinitive)
gainōniju (infinitive instrumental)
gainō (first-person present singular)
gainōdā (first-person past singular)
gainōs (present second-person singular)
gainōdēs (past second-person singular)
gainōdōs (past second-person singular)
gainōþ (present singular third-person)
gainōdē (past singular third-person)
gainōdā (past singular third-person)
gainōm (first-person plural present)
gainōdum (first-person past plural)
gainōþ (plural present second-person)
gainōdud (past plural second-person)
gainōnþ (plural present third-person)
gainōdun (past plural third-person)
gainōdī (first-person past singular)
gainōdī (past second-person singular)
gainō (present singular third-person)
gainōdī (past singular third-person)
gainōdīm (first-person past plural)
gainōdīd (past plural second-person)
gainōn (plural present third-person)
gainōdīn (past plural third-person)
gainō (present singular)
gainōþ (plural present)
gainōndī (participle present)
gainōd (participle past)

Old English: gānian
Middle English: ganen, gainen, gonen

Old Saxon: *gēnēn (could be from *ginōn - *ginēn instead)

Middle Low German: gênen, jênen

Old Dutch: *gēnon (could be from *ginōn - *ginēn instead)

Middle Dutch: gênen

Old High German: geinōn

Middle High German: geinen

Alemannic German: geinen

Kroonen suggests this an iterative verb closely related to the strong verb *gīnan, if so it could go back to Proto-Germanic *gainōną.


mūtōn

mūtōn (infinitive)
mūtōnijas (genitive infinitive)
mūtōnijē (dative infinitive)
mūtōniju (infinitive instrumental)
mūtō (first-person present singular)
mūtōdā (first-person past singular)
mūtōs (present second-person singular)
mūtōdēs (past second-person singular)
mūtōdōs (past second-person singular)
mūtōþ (present singular third-person)
mūtōdē (past singular third-person)
mūtōdā (past singular third-person)
mūtōm (first-person plural present)
mūtōdum (first-person past plural)
mūtōþ (plural present second-person)
mūtōdud (past plural second-person)
mūtōnþ (plural present third-person)
mūtōdun (past plural third-person)
mūtōdī (first-person past singular)
mūtōdī (past second-person singular)
mūtō (present singular third-person)
mūtōdī (past singular third-person)
mūtōdīm (first-person past plural)
mūtōdīd (past plural second-person)
mūtōn (plural present third-person)
mūtōdīn (past plural third-person)
mūtō (present singular)
mūtōþ (plural present)
mūtōndī (participle present)
mūtōd (participle past)

Old English: *mūtian

Middle English: mouten

English: moult

⇒ Old English: bemūtian

Old Saxon: *mūton

Middle Low German: mûten

Old Dutch: *mūton

Middle Dutch: muten

⇒ Old Dutch: gimūton

Old High German: mūzōn

Middle High German: mūzen

⇒ German: mausern


mundīgōn

mundīgōn (infinitive)
mundīgōnijas (genitive infinitive)
mundīgōnijē (dative infinitive)
mundīgōniju (infinitive instrumental)
mundīgō (first-person present singular)
mundīgōdā (first-person past singular)
mundīgōs (present second-person singular)
mundīgōdēs (past second-person singular)
mundīgōdōs (past second-person singular)
mundīgōþ (present singular third-person)
mundīgōdē (past singular third-person)
mundīgōdā (past singular third-person)
mundīgōm (first-person plural present)
mundīgōdum (first-person past plural)
mundīgōþ (plural present second-person)
mundīgōdud (past plural second-person)
mundīgōnþ (plural present third-person)
mundīgōdun (past plural third-person)
mundīgōdī (first-person past singular)
mundīgōdī (past second-person singular)
mundīgō (present singular third-person)
mundīgōdī (past singular third-person)
mundīgōdīm (first-person past plural)
mundīgōdīd (past plural second-person)
mundīgōn (plural present third-person)
mundīgōdīn (past plural third-person)
mundīgō (present singular)
mundīgōþ (plural present)
mundīgōndī (participle present)
mundīgōd (participle past)

Old English: myndgian, myngian

Middle English: mingen

⇒ Old High German: gimuntigōn

Derived from *mundīg (“mindful”) + *-ōn.


sauʀ(ī)

sauʀ (canonical)
ī (romanization)
sauʀ (masculine nominative singular)
sauʀu (feminine nominative singular)
sauʀ (neuter nominative singular)
sauʀanā (accusative masculine singular)
sauʀā (accusative feminine singular)
sauʀ (accusative neuter singular)
sauʀas (genitive masculine singular)
sauʀeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
sauʀas (genitive neuter singular)
sauʀumē (dative masculine singular)
sauʀeʀē (dative feminine singular)
sauʀumē (dative neuter singular)
sauʀu (instrumental masculine singular)
sauʀeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
sauʀu (instrumental neuter singular)
sauʀē (masculine nominative plural)
sauʀō (feminine nominative plural)
sauʀu (neuter nominative plural)
sauʀā (accusative masculine plural)
sauʀā (accusative feminine plural)
sauʀu (accusative neuter plural)
sauʀeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
sauʀeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
sauʀeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
sauʀēm (dative masculine plural)
sauʀum (dative masculine plural)
sauʀēm (dative feminine plural)
sauʀum (dative feminine plural)
sauʀēm (dative neuter plural)
sauʀum (dative neuter plural)
sauʀēm (instrumental masculine plural)
sauʀum (instrumental masculine plural)
sauʀēm (feminine instrumental plural)
sauʀum (feminine instrumental plural)
sauʀēm (instrumental neuter plural)
sauʀum (instrumental neuter plural)
sauʀī (masculine nominative singular)
sauʀiju (feminine nominative singular)
sauʀī (neuter nominative singular)
sauʀijanā (accusative masculine singular)
sauʀijā (accusative feminine singular)
sauʀī (accusative neuter singular)
sauʀijas (genitive masculine singular)
sauʀijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
sauʀijas (genitive neuter singular)
sauʀijumē (dative masculine singular)
sauʀijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
sauʀijumē (dative neuter singular)
sauʀiju (instrumental masculine singular)
sauʀijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
sauʀiju (instrumental neuter singular)
sauʀijē (masculine nominative plural)
sauʀijō (feminine nominative plural)
sauʀiju (neuter nominative plural)
sauʀijā (accusative masculine plural)
sauʀijā (accusative feminine plural)
sauʀiju (accusative neuter plural)
sauʀijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
sauʀijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
sauʀijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
sauʀijēm (dative masculine plural)
sauʀijum (dative masculine plural)
sauʀijēm (dative feminine plural)
sauʀijum (dative feminine plural)
sauʀijēm (dative neuter plural)
sauʀijum (dative neuter plural)
sauʀijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
sauʀijum (instrumental masculine plural)
sauʀijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
sauʀijum (feminine instrumental plural)
sauʀijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
sauʀijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: sēar, sīere

Middle English: sere
English: sear, sere, sare

Old Saxon: *sōr

Middle Low German: sôr

German Low German: soor

Low German: soor

Old Dutch: *sōr

Middle Dutch: sôor

Dutch: zoor

Old High German: *sōr

Middle High German: sōr

German: sohr

→ Medieval Latin: saurus, sōrius

Old French: sor; sorrel, surrel

Middle French: saur; sorel

French: saur

→ Middle English: sorel

English: sorrel

Occitan: sor, saur

Italian: sauro

→⇒? Old Galician-Portuguese: souriço (see there for further descendants)


sinkalwā

sinkalwā (nominative singular)
sinkalwōn (nominative plural)
sinkalwōn (accusative singular)
sinkalwōn (accusative plural)
sinkalwōn (genitive singular)
sinkalwōnō (genitive plural)
sinkalwōn (dative singular)
sinkalwōm (dative plural)
sinkalwum (dative plural)
sinkalwōn (instrumental singular)
sinkalwōm (instrumental plural)
sinkalwum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: sinkale

Old Saxon: *sinkalwa

desc

Middle Low German: sinkāle, synkael, synkaell, sinkal

From *sin- (“ever-”) + *kalwā (“baldness”).


gawannjan

gawannjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
gawannjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
gawannjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
gawannjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
gawannju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
gawanidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
gawanisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
gawanidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
gawanidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
gawaniþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
gawanidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
gawanidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
gawannjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
gawanidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
gawaniþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
gawanidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
gawannjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
gawanidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
gawannjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
gawanidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
gawannjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
gawanidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
gawannjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
gawanidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
gawannjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
gawanidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
gawannjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
gawanidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
gawannjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
gawanidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
gawani (class-1 present singular weak)
gawaniþ (class-1 plural present weak)
gawannjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
gawanid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: gewennan

Old Saxon: giwennian

Middle Low German: gewennen, gewēnen

Old Dutch: *giwennen

Middle Dutch: ghewennen, ghewēnen

Dutch: gewennen

Old High German: giwennen

Middle High German: gewennen, gewenen

German: gewöhnen


sinhīwōn

sinhīwōn (nominative plural)
sinhīwōn (accusative plural)
sinhīwanō (genitive plural)
sinhīwum (dative plural)
sinhīwum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sinhīwan

Old Frisian: sinhīgen, sinnane, sennene, senne

Old Saxon: sinhīwun

Old High German: sinhīwun

From *sin- (“ever-”) + *hīwōn (“married couple”).


wārōn

wārōn (infinitive)
wārōnijas (genitive infinitive)
wārōnijē (dative infinitive)
wārōniju (infinitive instrumental)
wārō (first-person present singular)
wārōdā (first-person past singular)
wārōs (present second-person singular)
wārōdēs (past second-person singular)
wārōdōs (past second-person singular)
wārōþ (present singular third-person)
wārōdē (past singular third-person)
wārōdā (past singular third-person)
wārōm (first-person plural present)
wārōdum (first-person past plural)
wārōþ (plural present second-person)
wārōdud (past plural second-person)
wārōnþ (plural present third-person)
wārōdun (past plural third-person)
wārōdī (first-person past singular)
wārōdī (past second-person singular)
wārō (present singular third-person)
wārōdī (past singular third-person)
wārōdīm (first-person past plural)
wārōdīd (past plural second-person)
wārōn (plural present third-person)
wārōdīn (past plural third-person)
wārō (present singular)
wārōþ (plural present)
wārōndī (participle present)
wārōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: wēria, wāria

Old Saxon: *wārōn

Middle Low German: wâren

⇒ Old Saxon: giwārōn

From *wār (“true, reliable, friendly”) + *-ōn.


bardōn

bardōn (infinitive)
bardōnijas (genitive infinitive)
bardōnijē (dative infinitive)
bardōniju (infinitive instrumental)
bardō (first-person present singular)
bardōdā (first-person past singular)
bardōs (present second-person singular)
bardōdēs (past second-person singular)
bardōdōs (past second-person singular)
bardōþ (present singular third-person)
bardōdē (past singular third-person)
bardōdā (past singular third-person)
bardōm (first-person plural present)
bardōdum (first-person past plural)
bardōþ (plural present second-person)
bardōdud (past plural second-person)
bardōnþ (plural present third-person)
bardōdun (past plural third-person)
bardōdī (first-person past singular)
bardōdī (past second-person singular)
bardō (present singular third-person)
bardōdī (past singular third-person)
bardōdīm (first-person past plural)
bardōdīd (past plural second-person)
bardōn (plural present third-person)
bardōdīn (past plural third-person)
bardō (present singular)
bardōþ (plural present)
bardōndī (participle present)
bardōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *bardōn

Middle Low German: bārden

Old High German: bartōn

Middle High German: barten


waltu

waltu (nominative singular)
waltō (nominative plural)
waltā (accusative singular)
waltā (accusative plural)
waltā (genitive singular)
waltō (genitive plural)
waltē (dative singular)
waltōm (dative plural)
waltum (dative plural)
waltu (instrumental singular)
waltōm (instrumental plural)
waltum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wealte

Old Saxon: *walta

Middle Low German: walte

Old High German: walza

Middle High German: walze

German: Walze


sinwalt

sinwalt (masculine nominative singular)
sinwaltu (feminine nominative singular)
sinwalt (neuter nominative singular)
sinwaltanā (accusative masculine singular)
sinwaltā (accusative feminine singular)
sinwalt (accusative neuter singular)
sinwaltas (genitive masculine singular)
sinwalteʀā (feminine genitive singular)
sinwaltas (genitive neuter singular)
sinwaltumē (dative masculine singular)
sinwalteʀē (dative feminine singular)
sinwaltumē (dative neuter singular)
sinwaltu (instrumental masculine singular)
sinwalteʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
sinwaltu (instrumental neuter singular)
sinwaltē (masculine nominative plural)
sinwaltō (feminine nominative plural)
sinwaltu (neuter nominative plural)
sinwaltā (accusative masculine plural)
sinwaltā (accusative feminine plural)
sinwaltu (accusative neuter plural)
sinwalteʀō (genitive masculine plural)
sinwalteʀō (feminine genitive plural)
sinwalteʀō (genitive neuter plural)
sinwaltēm (dative masculine plural)
sinwaltum (dative masculine plural)
sinwaltēm (dative feminine plural)
sinwaltum (dative feminine plural)
sinwaltēm (dative neuter plural)
sinwaltum (dative neuter plural)
sinwaltēm (instrumental masculine plural)
sinwaltum (instrumental masculine plural)
sinwaltēm (feminine instrumental plural)
sinwaltum (feminine instrumental plural)
sinwaltēm (instrumental neuter plural)
sinwaltum (instrumental neuter plural)

desc

Old English: sinwealt, sinewealt, sinweald, sineweald, seonuwealt, sinowealt, sinuwealt, synwealt

Old Saxon: *sinwalt

Middle Low German: sēnewolt, sēnwolt, sēnvolt, sēnevolt, sēnewalt, sēnewelt, sēvolt, sennewolt, sennewalt, senbalt, senholt

From *sin- (“ever-”) + *walt (“rolling, turning”), from Proto-Germanic *waltaz, from *waltaną (“to roll, turn”).


hnaijan

hnaijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hnaijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hnaijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hnaijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hnaiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hnaidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hnaisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hnaidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hnaidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hnaiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hnaidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hnaidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hnaijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hnaidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hnaiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hnaidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hnaijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hnaidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hnaijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hnaidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hnaijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hnaidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hnaijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hnaidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hnaijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hnaidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hnaijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hnaidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hnaijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hnaidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hnai (class-1 present singular weak)
hnaiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hnaijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hnaid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: hnǣgan
Middle English: neighen, neyen, neȝen, neiȝen
English: neigh
Scots: neche, nech, neich

Old Saxon: *hnēgian, *hnēhian

desc

Middle Low German: nêigen, nigen, nîhen, nîhahen, nihagen, nyhan, nyhagen, nêien

Low German: nöjen (Westphalian)

⇒ Old Saxon: tōhnēgian

Old Dutch: *hneien

Middle Dutch: neyen, neien

Dutch: neien

Old High German: *neijen, *neigen

Middle High German: *neigen, negen


grulljō

grulljō (nominative singular)
grulljan (nominative plural)
grulljan (accusative singular)
grulljan (accusative plural)
grulljini (genitive singular)
grulljan (genitive singular)
grulljanō (genitive plural)
grulljini (dative singular)
grulljan (dative singular)
grulljum (dative plural)
grulljini (instrumental singular)
grulljan (instrumental singular)
grulljum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *grullio

Middle Low German: grul, grull, *groll

German Low German: Grull

→ Swedish: groll

Old Dutch: *grollo

Middle Dutch: *grolle

Dutch: grol

Old High German: *grollo

Middle High German: grolle

German: Groll

From *grulljan (“to grumble; to jeer, anger”) + *-ō.


grallī

grallī (masculine nominative singular)
gralliju (feminine nominative singular)
grallī (neuter nominative singular)
grallijanā (accusative masculine singular)
grallijā (accusative feminine singular)
grallī (accusative neuter singular)
grallijas (genitive masculine singular)
grallijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
grallijas (genitive neuter singular)
grallijumē (dative masculine singular)
grallijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
grallijumē (dative neuter singular)
gralliju (instrumental masculine singular)
grallijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
gralliju (instrumental neuter singular)
grallijē (masculine nominative plural)
grallijō (feminine nominative plural)
gralliju (neuter nominative plural)
grallijā (accusative masculine plural)
grallijā (accusative feminine plural)
gralliju (accusative neuter plural)
grallijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
grallijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
grallijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
grallijēm (dative masculine plural)
grallijum (dative masculine plural)
grallijēm (dative feminine plural)
grallijum (dative feminine plural)
grallijēm (dative neuter plural)
grallijum (dative neuter plural)
grallijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
grallijum (instrumental masculine plural)
grallijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
grallijum (feminine instrumental plural)
grallijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
grallijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: *grielle, *grylle

Middle English: grille, gril

English: grill

Old Frisian: *grel, *gril

Saterland Frisian: gräl

West Frisian: gril

Old Saxon: *gralli, *grelli

Middle Low German: gralle, gral, grel

German Low German: grell

→ Danish: grel

→ Swedish: gräll

→ Norwegian: grel

Old Dutch: *grelli

Middle Dutch: *grelle, grille, gril

Dutch: grel, gril (dialectal)

Old High German: *grelli

Middle High German: grel

German: grell

From *gralljō (“loudness, anger, fierceness”) + *-ī.


darōn

darōn (infinitive)
darōnijas (genitive infinitive)
darōnijē (dative infinitive)
darōniju (infinitive instrumental)
darō (first-person present singular)
darōdā (first-person past singular)
darōs (present second-person singular)
darōdēs (past second-person singular)
darōdōs (past second-person singular)
darōþ (present singular third-person)
darōdē (past singular third-person)
darōdā (past singular third-person)
darōm (first-person plural present)
darōdum (first-person past plural)
darōþ (plural present second-person)
darōdud (past plural second-person)
darōnþ (plural present third-person)
darōdun (past plural third-person)
darōdī (first-person past singular)
darōdī (past second-person singular)
darō (present singular third-person)
darōdī (past singular third-person)
darōdīm (first-person past plural)
darōdīd (past plural second-person)
darōn (plural present third-person)
darōdīn (past plural third-person)
darō (present singular)
darōþ (plural present)
darōndī (participle present)
darōd (participle past)

Old Dutch: daron
Middle Dutch: dāren

Old High German: tarōn, tarēn

Middle High German: taren


sairēn

sairēn (infinitive)
sairēnijas (genitive infinitive)
sairēnijē (dative infinitive)
sairēniju (infinitive instrumental)
sairē (first-person present singular)
sair?dā (first-person past singular)
sairēs (present second-person singular)
sair?dēs (past second-person singular)
sairēþ (present singular third-person)
sair?dē (past singular third-person)
sair?dā (past singular third-person)
sairēm (first-person plural present)
sair?dum (first-person past plural)
sairēþ (plural present second-person)
sair?dud (past plural second-person)
sairēnþ (plural present third-person)
sair?dun (past plural third-person)
sair?dī (first-person past singular)
sair?dī (past second-person singular)
sairē (present singular third-person)
sair?dī (past singular third-person)
sair?dīm (first-person past plural)
sair?dīd (past plural second-person)
sairēn (plural present third-person)
sair?dīn (past plural third-person)
sairē (present singular)
sairēþ (plural present)
sairēndī (participle present)
sair?d (participle past)

Old English: sārian

Middle English: sorien, soren, saren

English: sore

English: sar, sare

Old Frisian: sēria

⇒? Saterland Frisian: biseerje

Old High German: sērēn, sērōn

Middle High German: sēren


tamōn

tamōn (infinitive)
tamōnijas (genitive infinitive)
tamōnijē (dative infinitive)
tamōniju (infinitive instrumental)
tamō (first-person present singular)
tamōdā (first-person past singular)
tamōs (present second-person singular)
tamōdēs (past second-person singular)
tamōdōs (past second-person singular)
tamōþ (present singular third-person)
tamōdē (past singular third-person)
tamōdā (past singular third-person)
tamōm (first-person plural present)
tamōdum (first-person past plural)
tamōþ (plural present second-person)
tamōdud (past plural second-person)
tamōnþ (plural present third-person)
tamōdun (past plural third-person)
tamōdī (first-person past singular)
tamōdī (past second-person singular)
tamō (present singular third-person)
tamōdī (past singular third-person)
tamōdīm (first-person past plural)
tamōdīd (past plural second-person)
tamōn (plural present third-person)
tamōdīn (past plural third-person)
tamō (present singular)
tamōþ (plural present)
tamōndī (participle present)
tamōd (participle past)

Old English: *tamian

Middle English: tamen

English: tame

Scots: team, tame

Old Frisian: temia, *tamia

West Frisian: tamje

Old Dutch: *tamen

Middle Dutch: tāmen, tammen

Dutch: tammen (obsolete)

Old High German: zamōn

Middle High German: zamen

German: zahmen

Derived from *tam (“tame”) + *-ōn. The verb could go back to Proto-Germanic *tamōną, considering that Latin domō (“I tame”) might be a direct cognate.


ambahtēn

ambahtēn (infinitive)
ambahtēnijas (genitive infinitive)
ambahtēnijē (dative infinitive)
ambahtēniju (infinitive instrumental)
ambahtē (first-person present singular)
ambaht?dā (first-person past singular)
ambahtēs (present second-person singular)
ambaht?dēs (past second-person singular)
ambahtēþ (present singular third-person)
ambaht?dē (past singular third-person)
ambaht?dā (past singular third-person)
ambahtēm (first-person plural present)
ambaht?dum (first-person past plural)
ambahtēþ (plural present second-person)
ambaht?dud (past plural second-person)
ambahtēnþ (plural present third-person)
ambaht?dun (past plural third-person)
ambaht?dī (first-person past singular)
ambaht?dī (past second-person singular)
ambahtē (present singular third-person)
ambaht?dī (past singular third-person)
ambaht?dīm (first-person past plural)
ambaht?dīd (past plural second-person)
ambahtēn (plural present third-person)
ambaht?dīn (past plural third-person)
ambahtē (present singular)
ambahtēþ (plural present)
ambahtēndī (participle present)
ambaht?d (participle past)

Old English: ambehtian, ambihtian

Old Saxon: *ambahtōn

Middle Low German: ambachten

Old High German: ambahtēn, ambahtōn

desc

Middle High German: ambahten, ambehten, ambten