habbjan

habbjan (infinitive)
habbjannjas (genitive infinitive)
habbjannjē (dative infinitive)
habbjannju (infinitive instrumental)
habbju (first-person present singular)
hōb (first-person past singular)
habiʀi (present second-person singular)
hōbī (past second-person singular)
habidi (present singular third-person)
hōb (past singular third-person)
habbjum (first-person plural present)
hōbum (first-person past plural)
habid (plural present second-person)
hōbud (past plural second-person)
habbjand (plural present third-person)
hōbun (past plural third-person)
habbjē (first-person present singular)
hōbī (first-person past singular)
habbjēs (present second-person singular)
habbjē (present singular third-person)
hōbī (past singular third-person)
habbjēm (first-person plural present)
hōbīm (first-person past plural)
habbjēþ (plural present second-person)
hōbīd (past plural second-person)
habbjēn (plural present third-person)
hōbīn (past plural third-person)
habi (present singular)
habid (plural present)
habbjandī (participle present)
haban (participle past)

Old English: hebban, heffan
Middle English: heven, heiven, heoven, hefen, hewen, hebben
English: heave (see there for further descendants)
Scots: heave, heve, hewe
Yola: heve, hev

Old Frisian: heva, hebba, heffa

Saterland Frisian: hieuwje

West Frisian: heffe

Old Saxon: hebbian, heffian

Middle Low German: hēven, heffen

Low German: heven

Old Dutch: heffen
Middle Dutch: heffen
Dutch: heffen
Afrikaans: hef
Limburgish: höffe

Old High German: heffen, hevan, heven
Middle High German: heben, heven
Cimbrian: höoban
German: heben
Luxembourgish: hiewen


lātan

lātan (infinitive)
lātannjas (genitive infinitive)
lātannjē (dative infinitive)
lātannju (infinitive instrumental)
lātu (first-person present singular)
lēt (first-person past singular)
lātiʀi (present second-person singular)
lētī (past second-person singular)
lātidi (present singular third-person)
lēt (past singular third-person)
lātum (first-person plural present)
lētum (first-person past plural)
lātid (plural present second-person)
lētud (past plural second-person)
lātand (plural present third-person)
lētun (past plural third-person)
lātē (first-person present singular)
lētī (first-person past singular)
lātēs (present second-person singular)
lātē (present singular third-person)
lētī (past singular third-person)
lātēm (first-person plural present)
lētīm (first-person past plural)
lātēþ (plural present second-person)
lētīd (past plural second-person)
lātēn (plural present third-person)
lētīn (past plural third-person)
lāt (present singular)
lātid (plural present)
lātandī (participle present)
lātan (participle past)

desctree

Old English: lǣtan
Middle English: leten, letten
English: let
Scots: lat, let, lete
Yola: leth

Old Frisian: lēta

North Frisian:

Sylt: let

Saterland Frisian: läite

West Frisian: litte

Old Saxon: lātan
Middle Low German: lāten
German Low German: laten, låten

Old Dutch: lātan
Middle Dutch: lâten
Dutch: laten
Afrikaans: laat
Berbice Creole Dutch: latn
Jersey Dutch: lâte
Skepi Creole Dutch: at
Limburgish: laote

Old High German: lāzan, lāzzan
Middle High German: lāzzen
Alemannic German: laa, la, loo, lo, lou, lah
Swabian: lau, lassa
Bavarian: låssn
Central Franconian: loße, losse (southernmost Moselle Franconian; few dialects of Ripuarian, including Kölsch)
Hunsrik: losse
East Central German: lossn
German: lassen
Luxembourgish: loossen
Yiddish: לאָזן (lozn)
→ Old French: laissier, laiser, laisier, laisser, lesser, lessier (in part)
Middle French: laisser, laissier
French: laisser
→ Breton: lezel
Norman: laîssi
Picard: laissier
→ Middle English: *lesen
English: lease
→ Dutch: leasen
⇒ English: leasing
→ Spanish: leasing
→ Finnish: leasing
→ Polish: leasing
→ Swedish: leasing
Scots: lease
→ Middle Irish: léas
Irish: léas


kwaddjan

kwaddjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
kwaddjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
kwaddjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
kwaddjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
kwaddju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
kwaddā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
kwadisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
kwaddēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kwaddōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kwadiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
kwaddē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kwaddā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kwaddjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
kwaddum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
kwadiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
kwaddud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
kwaddjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
kwaddun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
kwaddjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
kwaddī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
kwaddjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
kwaddī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kwaddjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
kwaddī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kwaddjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
kwaddīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
kwaddjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
kwaddīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
kwaddjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
kwaddīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
kwadi (class-1 present singular weak)
kwadiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
kwaddjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
kwadd (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: queddian

Old Dutch: quedden
Middle Dutch: quedden
Dutch: kwedden

Old High German: quetten


traddjan

traddjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
traddjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
traddjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
traddjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
traddju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
traddā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tradisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
traddēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
traddōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tradiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
traddē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
traddā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
traddjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
traddum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tradiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
traddud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
traddjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
traddun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
traddjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
traddī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
traddjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
traddī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
traddjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
traddī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
traddjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
traddīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
traddjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
traddīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
traddjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
traddīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tradi (class-1 present singular weak)
tradiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
traddjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
tradd (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: treddan

Middle English: tredden

Old Saxon: *treddian

Middle Low German: tredden

Old Dutch: *tredden

Middle Dutch: tredden

Old High German: tretten

Middle High German: tretten


wurkijan

wurkijan (infinitive)
wurkijannjas (genitive infinitive)
wurkijannjē (dative infinitive)
wurkijannju (infinitive instrumental)
wurkiju (first-person present singular)
worhtā (first-person past singular)
wurkisi (present second-person singular)
worhtēs (past second-person singular)
worhtōs (past second-person singular)
wurkiþi (present singular third-person)
worhtē (past singular third-person)
worhtā (past singular third-person)
wurkijum (first-person plural present)
worhtum (first-person past plural)
wurkiþ (plural present second-person)
worhtud (past plural second-person)
wurkijanþ (plural present third-person)
worhtun (past plural third-person)
wurkijē (first-person present singular)
worhtī (first-person past singular)
wurkijēs (present second-person singular)
worhtī (past second-person singular)
wurkijē (present singular third-person)
worhtī (past singular third-person)
wurkijēm (first-person plural present)
worhtīm (first-person past plural)
wurkijēþ (plural present second-person)
worhtīd (past plural second-person)
wurkijēn (plural present third-person)
worhtīn (past plural third-person)
wurki (present singular)
wurkiþ (plural present)
wurkijandī (participle present)
worht (participle past)

Old English: wyrċan

Middle English: werken, worken, worchen

English: work

Old Frisian: werka

West Frisian: werke

Old Saxon: workian, wurkian

Old High German: wurken

Middle High German: werken, würken


wōpijan

wōpijan (infinitive)
wōpijannjas (genitive infinitive)
wōpijannjē (dative infinitive)
wōpijannju (infinitive instrumental)
wōpiju (first-person present singular)
weōp (first-person past singular)
wōpiʀi (present second-person singular)
weōpī (past second-person singular)
wōpidi (present singular third-person)
weōp (past singular third-person)
wōpijum (first-person plural present)
weōpum (first-person past plural)
wōpid (plural present second-person)
weōpud (past plural second-person)
wōpijand (plural present third-person)
weōpun (past plural third-person)
wōpijē (first-person present singular)
weōpī (first-person past singular)
wōpijēs (present second-person singular)
wōpijē (present singular third-person)
weōpī (past singular third-person)
wōpijēm (first-person plural present)
weōpīm (first-person past plural)
wōpijēþ (plural present second-person)
weōpīd (past plural second-person)
wōpijēn (plural present third-person)
weōpīn (past plural third-person)
wōpī (present singular)
wōpid (plural present)
wōpijandī (participle present)
wōpan (participle past)

Old English: wēpan

Middle English: wepen

Scots: wep, wepe, weip

English: weep

Old Frisian: wēpa

Saterland Frisian: wapia

Old Saxon: wōpian

Middle Low German: wōpen

Old Dutch: wuopan

desc

Old High German: wuofan, wuoffan, wuofen

Middle High German: wuofen, wüefen


sāmō

sāmō (nominative singular)
sāman (nominative plural)
sāman (accusative singular)
sāman (accusative plural)
sāmini (genitive singular)
sāman (genitive singular)
sāmanō (genitive plural)
sāmini (dative singular)
sāman (dative singular)
sāmum (dative plural)
sāmini (instrumental singular)
sāman (instrumental singular)
sāmum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: sāmo

Middle Low German: sāme

desctree

Old High German: sāmo
Middle High German: sāme, saume
Cimbrian: zamo
German: Samen, Same (now rare)
→ Japanese: ザーメン (zāmen)
Hunsrik: Some
Luxembourgish: Som
Vilamovian: zöma
Yiddish: זוימען (zoymen) (< saume)

From Proto-Germanic *sēmô; equivalent to *sāan + *-mō.


þunkijan

þunkijan (infinitive)
þunkijannjas (genitive infinitive)
þunkijannjē (dative infinitive)
þunkijannju (infinitive instrumental)
þunkiju (first-person present singular)
þų̄htā (first-person past singular)
þunkisi (present second-person singular)
þų̄htēs (past second-person singular)
þų̄htōs (past second-person singular)
þunkiþi (present singular third-person)
þų̄htē (past singular third-person)
þų̄htā (past singular third-person)
þunkijum (first-person plural present)
þų̄htum (first-person past plural)
þunkiþ (plural present second-person)
þų̄htud (past plural second-person)
þunkijanþ (plural present third-person)
þų̄htun (past plural third-person)
þunkijē (first-person present singular)
þų̄htī (first-person past singular)
þunkijēs (present second-person singular)
þų̄htī (past second-person singular)
þunkijē (present singular third-person)
þų̄htī (past singular third-person)
þunkijēm (first-person plural present)
þų̄htīm (first-person past plural)
þunkijēþ (plural present second-person)
þų̄htīd (past plural second-person)
þunkijēn (plural present third-person)
þų̄htīn (past plural third-person)
þunki (present singular)
þunkiþ (plural present)
þunkijandī (participle present)
þų̄ht (participle past)

Old English: þyncan, þynċean

desc

Middle English: thynken, thunken, thunchen

Scots: think, me-think

English: think (“to seem”), methinks

Old Frisian: thinka, thinza, thinsza, tinsa

Saterland Frisian: tinke

West Frisian: tinckje, tinkje

Old Saxon: thunkian

Middle Low German: dünken, dunken

Low German: dünken

desctree

Old Dutch: thunken
Middle Dutch: dunken
Dutch: dunken
Limburgish: dönke

Old High German: dunken

Middle High German: dunken, tunken

German: dünken

Luxembourgish: dénken


dwalljan

dwalljan (class-1 infinitive weak)
dwalljannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
dwalljannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
dwalljannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
dwallju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
dwaldā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
dwalisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
dwaldēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
dwaldōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
dwaliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
dwaldē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
dwaldā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
dwalljum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
dwaldum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
dwaliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
dwaldud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
dwalljanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
dwaldun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
dwalljē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
dwaldī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
dwalljēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
dwaldī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
dwalljē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
dwaldī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
dwalljēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
dwaldīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
dwalljēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
dwaldīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
dwalljēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
dwaldīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
dwali (class-1 present singular weak)
dwaliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
dwalljandī (class-1 participle present weak)
dwald (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: dwellan
Middle English: dwellen, duell, duelle, dwel, dwell, dwelle, dwellyn, dweylle
English: dwell
Scots: dwall

Old Saxon: *dwellian

Old Dutch: *dwellen

Middle Dutch: dwellen

Limburgish: dwelle

Old High German: twellen

Middle High German: twellen


walljan

walljan (class-1 infinitive weak)
walljannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
walljannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
walljannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
wallju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
waldā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
walisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
waldēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
waldōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
waliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
waldē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
waldā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
walljum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
waldum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
waliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
waldud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
walljanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
waldun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
walljē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
waldī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
walljēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
waldī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
walljē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
waldī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
walljēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
waldīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
walljēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
waldīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
walljēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
waldīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wali (class-1 present singular weak)
waliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
walljandī (class-1 participle present weak)
wald (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *welian

Middle Low German: wēlen

Low German: wählen (perhaps influenced by High German)

Old Dutch: wellen

Old High German: wellen (inflected welit etc.)

Middle High German: weln, welen, wellen

Bavarian: wäihn, wöhln, wöhn

q

influenced by <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">Wahl</i>

German: wählen (influenced by Wahl)

→ Low German: wählen

Luxembourgish: wielen


kwalljan

kwalljan (class-1 infinitive weak)
kwalljannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
kwalljannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
kwalljannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
kwallju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
kwaldā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
kwalisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
kwaldēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kwaldōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kwaliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
kwaldē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kwaldā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kwalljum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
kwaldum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
kwaliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
kwaldud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
kwalljanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
kwaldun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
kwalljē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
kwaldī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
kwalljēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
kwaldī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kwalljē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
kwaldī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kwalljēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
kwaldīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
kwalljēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
kwaldīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
kwalljēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
kwaldīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
kwali (class-1 present singular weak)
kwaliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
kwalljandī (class-1 participle present weak)
kwald (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: cwellan
Middle English: quellen, cwellen, quell, quelle, qwell, qwelle, cwellenn (Ormulum)
English: quell
Scots: quell, quel

Old Saxon: quellian

q

Old Dutch: *quellen, quelen (attested as a weak verb quelen without the geminate -ll-)

Middle Dutch: quellen

Dutch: kwellen

Afrikaans: kwel

Old High German: quellen

Middle High German: quellen, queln

German: quälen


lattjan

lattjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
lattjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
lattjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
lattjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
lattju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
lattā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
latisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
lattēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
lattōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
latiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
lattē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
lattā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
lattjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
lattum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
latiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
lattud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
lattjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
lattun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
lattjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
lattī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
lattjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
lattī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
lattjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
lattī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
lattjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
lattīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
lattjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
lattīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
lattjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
lattīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
lati (class-1 present singular weak)
latiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
lattjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
latt (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: lettan

Middle English: letten

English: let

Scots: lat

Old Frisian: letta

Saterland Frisian: lätte

West Frisian: lette

Old Saxon: lettian

Middle Low German: letten

German Low German: letten

Old Dutch: *letten

Middle Dutch: letten

Dutch: letten

Afrikaans: let

Old High German: lezzen

Middle High German: lezen, letzen

German: letzen

desc

⇒ Middle High German: ferletzen, verletzen

German: verletzen

From Proto-Germanic *latjaną. Equivalent to *lat (“slow, lazy”) + *-jan.


iʀ

gem-decl-adj-table

*iʀ (irregular)

iʀ (masculine nominative singular)
sī (masculine nominative plural)
siu (masculine nominative plural)
siju (masculine nominative plural)
sī (feminine nominative singular)
siu (feminine nominative singular)
siju (feminine nominative singular)
sī (feminine nominative plural)
siu (feminine nominative plural)
siju (feminine nominative plural)
it (neuter nominative singular)
sī (neuter nominative plural)
siu (neuter nominative plural)
siju (neuter nominative plural)
inā (accusative masculine singular)
sī (accusative masculine plural)
siu (accusative masculine plural)
siju (accusative masculine plural)
sī (accusative feminine singular)
siu (accusative feminine singular)
siju (accusative feminine singular)
sī (accusative feminine plural)
siu (accusative feminine plural)
siju (accusative feminine plural)
it (accusative neuter singular)
sī (accusative neuter plural)
siu (accusative neuter plural)
siju (accusative neuter plural)
es (genitive masculine singular)
eʀō (genitive masculine plural)
eʀu (feminine genitive singular)
eʀō (feminine genitive plural)
es (genitive neuter singular)
eʀō (genitive neuter plural)
imai? (dative masculine singular)
im (dative masculine plural)
eʀu(i?) (dative feminine singular)
im (dative feminine plural)
imai? (dative neuter singular)
im (dative neuter plural)

Old English: ī- (“self; same”, prefix)

desctree

Old Frisian: -er, -ere
Saterland Frisian: er
West Frisian: er

Old High German: ēr

Middle High German: ër

Alemannic German: er, är, aer, er, ër

Swabian: er, ear

Bavarian: er

desc

Cimbrian: èar, ar (aphetic), er (Luserna)

Mòcheno: er

Central Franconian: er

Hunsrik: er, ëyer (Wiesemann spelling system)

East Central German: er, ar, ea

German: er

East Franconian: er, ea, ar

Rhine Franconian: er, ér, éa

Pennsylvania German: er

Yiddish: ער (er)


hraʀnu

hraʀnu (nominative singular)
hraʀnō (nominative plural)
hraʀnā (accusative singular)
hraʀnā (accusative plural)
hraʀnā (genitive singular)
hraʀnō (genitive plural)
hraʀnē (dative singular)
hraʀnōm (dative plural)
hraʀnum (dative plural)
hraʀnu (instrumental singular)
hraʀnōm (instrumental plural)
hraʀnum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hræn, hærn


gaskafti

gaskafti (nominative singular)
gaskaftī (nominative plural)
gaskafti (accusative singular)
gaskaftī (accusative plural)
gaskaftī (genitive singular)
gaskaftijō (genitive plural)
gaskaftī (dative singular)
gaskaftim (dative plural)
gaskaftijum (dative plural)
gaskaftī (instrumental singular)
gaskaftim (instrumental plural)
gaskaftijum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: ġesċeaft, ġesċæft, ġesċeft
Middle English: ȝescafte, iscefte, ishafte, ishaft

Old High German: giscaft

Middle High German: gescheft

Alemannic German: Geschäft

Bavarian: Gschäft

German: Geschäft

Hunsrik: Gescheft

Luxembourgish: Geschäft

Vilamovian: gysieft

Yiddish: געשעפֿט (gesheft)


hwaʀ

Old English: hwā
Middle English: who, ȝwo, ho, hoo, huo, quo, qwo, qwho, whoo, wo, woo, qua, wha, hwa, hwo, hwoa
English: who
Geordie English: whe
Scots: wha
Yola: fho, fo, vo

Old Frisian: hwā
West Frisian: wa

Old Saxon: hwē
Middle Low German: wê, wei, wie
Low German: we, wo

Old Dutch: wie
Middle Dutch: wie
Dutch: wie
Limburgish: wae

Old High German: wer, hwer; (northern) *(h)wie

Middle High German: wer; (northern) wie, wē

Central Franconian: wä

Cimbrian: bèar, ber (Luserna)

German: wer

Yiddish: ווער (ver)


talljan

talljan (class-1 infinitive weak)
talljannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
talljannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
talljannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
tallju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
taldā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
talisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
taldēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
taldōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
taliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
taldē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
taldā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
talljum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
taldum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
taliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
taldud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
talljanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
taldun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
talljē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
taldī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
talljēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
taldī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
talljē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
taldī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
talljēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
taldīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
talljēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
taldīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
talljēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
taldīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tali (class-1 present singular weak)
taliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
talljandī (class-1 participle present weak)
tald (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: tellan
Middle English: tellen
English: tell
Scots: tell
Yola: tolth, told (preterite)

Old Frisian: tella

Saterland Frisian: tälle

West Frisian: telle

Old Saxon: tellian
Middle Low German: tellen
Low German: tellen

Old Dutch: tellen
Middle Dutch: tellen
Dutch: tellen
Limburgish: tèlle

Old High German: zellen, zellan
Middle High German: zellen, zeln
Bavarian: zäihn, zöhln, zöhn
Central Franconian: zälle, zähle, zeahle
Luxembourgish: zielen
Cimbrian: zelan
German: zählen
Yiddish: ציילן (tseyln)

From Proto-Germanic *taljaną. Equivalent to *tal (“number, amount”) + *-jan.


þankijan

þankijan (infinitive)
þankijannjas (genitive infinitive)
þankijannjē (dative infinitive)
þankijannju (infinitive instrumental)
þankiju (first-person present singular)
þą̄htā (first-person past singular)
þankisi (present second-person singular)
þą̄htēs (past second-person singular)
þą̄htōs (past second-person singular)
þankiþi (present singular third-person)
þą̄htē (past singular third-person)
þą̄htā (past singular third-person)
þankijum (first-person plural present)
þą̄htum (first-person past plural)
þankiþ (plural present second-person)
þą̄htud (past plural second-person)
þankijanþ (plural present third-person)
þą̄htun (past plural third-person)
þankijē (first-person present singular)
þą̄htī (first-person past singular)
þankijēs (present second-person singular)
þą̄htī (past second-person singular)
þankijē (present singular third-person)
þą̄htī (past singular third-person)
þankijēm (first-person plural present)
þą̄htīm (first-person past plural)
þankijēþ (plural present second-person)
þą̄htīd (past plural second-person)
þankijēn (plural present third-person)
þą̄htīn (past plural third-person)
þanki (present singular)
þankiþ (plural present)
þankijandī (participle present)
þą̄ht (participle past)

Old English: þenċan, þenċean
Middle English: thinken, thenchen, thenken, thynken, thinke, think
English: think
Scots: think, thynk

Old Frisian: thenka

desc

North Frisian: teenk, taanke, tanke, tånke

Saterland Frisian: toanke

West Frisian: tinke

desctree

Old Saxon: thenkian
Middle Low German: denken
Low German: denken, dinken
→ Old Norse: þenkja
Faroese: teinkja
Norwegian: tenke
Old Swedish: þænkia
Swedish: tänka
Old Danish: thænkæ
Danish: tænke
Elfdalian: taintja
Gutnish: tänke
Scanian: tæńḱa
→ Polabian: denkot

Old Dutch: thenken
Middle Dutch: denken
Dutch: denken
Afrikaans: dink, denk
Jersey Dutch: dänke
Negerhollands: denk, dink, diṅk, diṅg, diṅ
→ Aukan: denki
→ Sranan Tongo: denki
→ Caribbean Javanese: dèngki
→ Saramaccan: tínga
Limburgish: dinke

Old High German: denken, thenken
Middle High German: denken
Alemannic German: tenke
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: dénkhan
Mòcheno: denken
German: denken
Yiddish: דענקען (denken)


raʀn

raʀn (nominative singular)
raʀnu (nominative plural)
raʀn (accusative singular)
raʀnu (accusative plural)
raʀnas (genitive singular)
raʀnō (genitive plural)
raʀnē (dative singular)
raʀnum (dative plural)
raʀnu (instrumental singular)
raʀnum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ærn, earn, ern

Middle English: ern

⇒ Old English: bereærn

Middle English: bern

Scots: bern

English: barn


snuʀu

snuʀu (nominative singular)
snoʀō (nominative plural)
snoʀā (accusative singular)
snoʀā (accusative plural)
snoʀā (genitive singular)
snoʀō (genitive plural)
snuʀē (dative singular)
snoʀōm (dative plural)
snuʀum (dative plural)
snuʀu (instrumental singular)
snoʀōm (instrumental plural)
snuʀum (instrumental plural)

Old English: snoru

Middle English: snore

Old Frisian: snore

West Frisian: snoar

Old Saxon: *snura, *snora

desc

Middle Low German: snare, snāre, snōre, snōr

⇒ Middle Low German: snōreke, snǖreke, snorche, snoirche, snurche, snurghe

Old Dutch: *snura

Middle Dutch: snore, snoere, snare

Dutch: snaar, snoer

Old High German: snura

Middle High German: snuor, snur

Alemannic German: Schnuer

German: Schnur (obsolete)

Luxembourgish: Schnauer

Yiddish: שנור (shnur)


stalljan

stalljan (class-1 infinitive weak)
stalljannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
stalljannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
stalljannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
stallju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
staldā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stalisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
staldēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
staldōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
staliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
staldē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
staldā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stalljum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
staldum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
staliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
staldud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stalljanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
staldun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stalljē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
staldī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stalljēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
staldī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stalljē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
staldī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stalljēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
staldīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stalljēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
staldīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stalljēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
staldīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stali (class-1 present singular weak)
staliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
stalljandī (class-1 participle present weak)
stald (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: stellan, stiellan
Middle English: stellen
Scots: stell
English: stell

Old Frisian: *stella (attested in stelling)

Saterland Frisian: staale (through confluence with Old Frisian stallia)

West Frisian: stelle

Old Saxon: stellian
Middle Low German: stellen
Low German: stellen
→ Old Swedish: stælla
Swedish: ställa
→ Finnish: tällätä, ⇒ tälläytyä
→ Danish: stille
→ Norwegian Bokmål: stille
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: stilla

Old Dutch: *stellen

Middle Dutch: stellen

Dutch: stellen

Afrikaans: stel

Old High German: stalljan, stellen

Middle High German: stellen

Bavarian: stäin, stön, stölln

German: stellen

Luxembourgish: stellen

Yiddish: שטעלן (shteln)

From Proto-Indo-European *stel- (“to put, place”)

der

Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben


hoʀd

hoʀd (nominative singular)
hoʀdu (nominative plural)
hoʀd (accusative singular)
hoʀdu (accusative plural)
hoʀdas (genitive singular)
hoʀdō (genitive plural)
hoʀdē (dative singular)
hoʀdum (dative plural)
hoʀdu (instrumental singular)
hoʀdum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: hord
Middle English: hord, hoord, horde, hurd, hurde
English: hoard
Scots: huird, hurd, hurde

Old Frisian: *hord

West Frisian: hoerde, huorde

Old Saxon: hord

Middle Low German: hōrt

Old Dutch: *hord

Middle Dutch: hoord

Old High German: hort

Middle High German: hort

German: Hort


gaiʀ

gaiʀ (nominative singular)
gaiʀō (nominative plural)
gaiʀōs (nominative plural)
gaiʀ (accusative singular)
gaiʀā (accusative plural)
gaiʀas (genitive singular)
gaiʀō (genitive plural)
gaiʀē (dative singular)
gaiʀum (dative plural)
gaiʀu (instrumental singular)
gaiʀum (instrumental plural)

Old English: gār
Middle English: gor, gar, gare, gær
⇒ Middle English: garfysche
English: garfish
Scots: gairfish

Old Frisian: *gār, gēr

Saterland Frisian: Goare

West Frisian: gear

Old Saxon: gēr

Middle Low German: gêr

Westphalian:

Westmünsterländisch: Geere, Geer

Old Dutch: *gēr
Middle Dutch: gêer
Dutch: geer

Old High German: gēr, giri
Lombardic: ger
→⇒ Italian: gherone
Middle High German: gēr
German: Ger


miʀdu

miʀdu (nominative singular)
miʀdō (nominative plural)
miʀdā (accusative singular)
miʀdā (accusative plural)
miʀdā (genitive singular)
miʀdō (genitive plural)
miʀdē (dative singular)
miʀdōm (dative plural)
miʀdum (dative plural)
miʀdu (instrumental singular)
miʀdōm (instrumental plural)
miʀdum (instrumental plural)

Old English: mēd
Middle English: mede, meede
English: meed
Scots: med

Old Saxon: mēda

Middle Low German: mêde

Low German: Meed

Old Dutch: *miada, *mieda

Middle Dutch: miede

Dutch: miede

Old High German: miata

Middle High German: miete

German: Miete

Luxembourgish: Mit

Lombardic: mēta


þurʀī

þurʀī (masculine nominative singular)
þurʀiju (feminine nominative singular)
þurʀī (neuter nominative singular)
þurʀijanā (accusative masculine singular)
þurʀijā (accusative feminine singular)
þurʀī (accusative neuter singular)
þurʀijas (genitive masculine singular)
þurʀijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
þurʀijas (genitive neuter singular)
þurʀijumē (dative masculine singular)
þurʀijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
þurʀijumē (dative neuter singular)
þurʀiju (instrumental masculine singular)
þurʀijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
þurʀiju (instrumental neuter singular)
þurʀijē (masculine nominative plural)
þurʀijō (feminine nominative plural)
þurʀiju (neuter nominative plural)
þurʀijā (accusative masculine plural)
þurʀijā (accusative feminine plural)
þurʀiju (accusative neuter plural)
þurʀijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
þurʀijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
þurʀijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
þurʀijēm (dative masculine plural)
þurʀijum (dative masculine plural)
þurʀijēm (dative feminine plural)
þurʀijum (dative feminine plural)
þurʀijēm (dative neuter plural)
þurʀijum (dative neuter plural)
þurʀijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
þurʀijum (instrumental masculine plural)
þurʀijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
þurʀijum (feminine instrumental plural)
þurʀijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
þurʀijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: þyrre

Old Saxon: thurri
Middle Low German: dorri

Old Dutch: *thurri

Middle Dutch: dorre

Dutch: dor
Afrikaans: dor
Negerhollands: dor

Limburgish: dór

Old High German: durri, thurri
Middle High German: durre, dürre
Cimbrian: dórre
German: dürr
Luxembourgish: dier
Vilamovian: dyrr

From Proto-Germanic *þursuz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


laiʀijan

laiʀijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
laiʀijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
laiʀijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
laiʀijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
laiʀiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
laiʀidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
laiʀisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
laiʀidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
laiʀidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
laiʀiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
laiʀidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
laiʀidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
laiʀijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
laiʀidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
laiʀiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
laiʀidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
laiʀijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
laiʀidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
laiʀijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
laiʀidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
laiʀijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
laiʀidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
laiʀijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
laiʀidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
laiʀijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
laiʀidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
laiʀijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
laiʀidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
laiʀijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
laiʀidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
laiʀi (class-1 present singular weak)
laiʀiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
laiʀijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
laiʀid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: lǣran

Middle English: leren

Scots: lere, leir

English: lear (dialectal)

Old Frisian: lēra

Saterland Frisian: leere

West Frisian: leare

Old Saxon: lērian

Middle Low German: leren

→ Old Norse: læra

Icelandic: læra

Faroese: læra

Norwegian Nynorsk: læra

Norwegian Bokmål: lære

Swedish: lära

Danish: lære

Low German: lehren, liehren

Old Dutch: lēren
Middle Dutch: lêren
Dutch: leren
Limburgish: lieëre

Old High German: lēren
Middle High German: leren
Alemannic German:
Italian Walser: lére, leire, lerä
German: lehren
Luxembourgish: léieren


þīn

þīn (masculine nominative singular)
þīnu (feminine nominative singular)
þīn (neuter nominative singular)
þīnanā (accusative masculine singular)
þīnā (accusative feminine singular)
þīn (accusative neuter singular)
þīnas (genitive masculine singular)
þīneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
þīnas (genitive neuter singular)
þīnumē (dative masculine singular)
þīneʀē (dative feminine singular)
þīnumē (dative neuter singular)
þīnu (instrumental masculine singular)
þīneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
þīnu (instrumental neuter singular)
þīnē (masculine nominative plural)
þīnō (feminine nominative plural)
þīnu (neuter nominative plural)
þīnā (accusative masculine plural)
þīnā (accusative feminine plural)
þīnu (accusative neuter plural)
þīneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
þīneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
þīneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
þīnēm (dative masculine plural)
þīnum (dative masculine plural)
þīnēm (dative feminine plural)
þīnum (dative feminine plural)
þīnēm (dative neuter plural)
þīnum (dative neuter plural)
þīnēm (instrumental masculine plural)
þīnum (instrumental masculine plural)
þīnēm (feminine instrumental plural)
þīnum (feminine instrumental plural)
þīnēm (instrumental neuter plural)
þīnum (instrumental neuter plural)
ik (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
þū (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
mik (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
þik (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sik (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
miʀ (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
þiʀ (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sik (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mīn (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
þīn (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
sīn (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
wit (dual first-person nominative personal pronoun)
jit (dual nominative personal pronoun second-person)
unk (accusative dual first-person personal pronoun)
inkw (accusative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sik (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
unk (dative dual first-person personal pronoun)
inkw (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sik (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
unkar (dual first-person personal possessive pronoun)
inkwar (dual personal possessive pronoun second-person)
sīn (dual personal possessive pronoun reflexive)
wiʀ (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
jiʀ (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
uns (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
iwwi (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sik (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
uns (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
iwwi (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sik (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
unsar (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
iuwar (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
sīn (personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive)

Old English: þīn
Middle English: þin, þine, þyn, þyne, thin, thine, thyn, thyne, þinne, thyen, theyn, tin, tine, yin
English: thine (determiner)
⇒ Middle English: þi, they, thi, thy, ti, ty, þei, þey, þhi, þy, yi, yhi (apocopated variant)
English: thy

Old Frisian: thīn

West Frisian: dyn

Old Saxon: thīn

Old Dutch: thīn
Middle Dutch: dijn
Dutch: dijn
Limburgish: dien

Old High German: dīn, thin
Middle High German: dīn
Alemannic German: diin, dyn
Bavarian: dei
Cimbrian: dain, doi (Luserna)
German: dein
Hunsrik: dein
Luxembourgish: däin
Yiddish: דײַן (dayn)


keusan

keusan (infinitive)
keusannjas (genitive infinitive)
keusannjē (dative infinitive)
keusannju (infinitive instrumental)
keusu (first-person present singular)
kaus (first-person past singular)
kiusiʀi (present second-person singular)
kuʀī (past second-person singular)
kiusidi (present singular third-person)
kaus (past singular third-person)
keusum (first-person plural present)
kuʀum (first-person past plural)
kiusid (plural present second-person)
kuʀud (past plural second-person)
keusand (plural present third-person)
kuʀun (past plural third-person)
keusē (first-person present singular)
kuʀī (first-person past singular)
keusēs (present second-person singular)
keusē (present singular third-person)
kuʀī (past singular third-person)
keusēm (first-person plural present)
kuʀīm (first-person past plural)
keusēþ (plural present second-person)
kuʀīd (past plural second-person)
keusēn (plural present third-person)
kuʀīn (past plural third-person)
kius (present singular)
kiusid (plural present)
keusandī (participle present)
koʀan (participle past)

Old English: ċēosan
Middle English: chesen, chees, cheese, cheesen, chese, chesyn, cheose, cheys, chiese, chiesen, chyese, chose, chuse, cesen, cheosen
English: choose
Scots: chuise, cheese

Old Frisian: kiāsa, ziāsa

North Frisian: kese

Saterland Frisian: kjoze

West Frisian: kieze

Old Saxon: kiosan

Middle Low German: kêsen, kîsen

German Low German: kiesen

Low German: kesen

→ Old Swedish: kesa

Swedish: kesa

→ Danish: kejse

→ Scanian: késa

Old Dutch: *kiesan
Middle Dutch: kiesen
Dutch: kiezen
Afrikaans: kies

Old High German: kiosan, chiosan

Middle High German: kiesen

German: kiesen


sīn

sīn (masculine nominative singular)
sīnu (feminine nominative singular)
sīn (neuter nominative singular)
sīnanā (accusative masculine singular)
sīnā (accusative feminine singular)
sīn (accusative neuter singular)
sīnas (genitive masculine singular)
sīneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
sīnas (genitive neuter singular)
sīnumē (dative masculine singular)
sīneʀē (dative feminine singular)
sīnumē (dative neuter singular)
sīnu (instrumental masculine singular)
sīneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
sīnu (instrumental neuter singular)
sīnē (masculine nominative plural)
sīnō (feminine nominative plural)
sīnu (neuter nominative plural)
sīnā (accusative masculine plural)
sīnā (accusative feminine plural)
sīnu (accusative neuter plural)
sīneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
sīneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
sīneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
sīnēm (dative masculine plural)
sīnum (dative masculine plural)
sīnēm (dative feminine plural)
sīnum (dative feminine plural)
sīnēm (dative neuter plural)
sīnum (dative neuter plural)
sīnēm (instrumental masculine plural)
sīnum (instrumental masculine plural)
sīnēm (feminine instrumental plural)
sīnum (feminine instrumental plural)
sīnēm (instrumental neuter plural)
sīnum (instrumental neuter plural)
ik (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
þū (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
mik (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
þik (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sik (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
miʀ (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
þiʀ (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sik (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mīn (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
þīn (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
sīn (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
wit (dual first-person nominative personal pronoun)
jit (dual nominative personal pronoun second-person)
unk (accusative dual first-person personal pronoun)
inkw (accusative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sik (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
unk (dative dual first-person personal pronoun)
inkw (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sik (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
unkar (dual first-person personal possessive pronoun)
inkwar (dual personal possessive pronoun second-person)
sīn (dual personal possessive pronoun reflexive)
wiʀ (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
jiʀ (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
uns (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
iwwi (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sik (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
uns (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
iwwi (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sik (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
unsar (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
iuwar (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
sīn (personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive)

Old English: sīn

Old Frisian: sīn

Saterland Frisian: sin

West Frisian: syn

Old Saxon: sīn

Middle Low German: sîn

German Low German: sien

Low German: sin

Old Dutch: sīn
Middle Dutch: sijn
Dutch: zijn
Limburgish: zeen

Old High German: sīn

Middle High German: sīn

Alemannic German: siin

Bavarian: sei

Cimbrian: zain, soi (Luserna)

German: sein

Hunsrik: sein

Luxembourgish: säin

Yiddish: זײַן (zayn)


freusan

freusan (infinitive)
freusannjas (genitive infinitive)
freusannjē (dative infinitive)
freusannju (infinitive instrumental)
freusu (first-person present singular)
fraus (first-person past singular)
friusiʀi (present second-person singular)
fruʀī (past second-person singular)
friusidi (present singular third-person)
fraus (past singular third-person)
freusum (first-person plural present)
fruʀum (first-person past plural)
friusid (plural present second-person)
fruʀud (past plural second-person)
freusand (plural present third-person)
fruʀun (past plural third-person)
freusē (first-person present singular)
fruʀī (first-person past singular)
freusēs (present second-person singular)
freusē (present singular third-person)
fruʀī (past singular third-person)
freusēm (first-person plural present)
fruʀīm (first-person past plural)
freusēþ (plural present second-person)
fruʀīd (past plural second-person)
freusēn (plural present third-person)
fruʀīn (past plural third-person)
frius (present singular)
friusid (plural present)
freusandī (participle present)
froʀan (participle past)

Old English: frēosan
Middle English: fresen, freese, frese, freosen
English: freeze
→ Maltese: ffriża
Scots: frese

Old Frisian: *friāsa

North Frisian:

Föhr-Amrum: friis

Sölring: früüs

Saterland Frisian: frjoze

West Frisian: frieze

Old Saxon: friosan
Middle Low German: vrêsen, vreisen
German Low German: fresen
Low German: freern, freren, fresen

Old Dutch: *friesan
Middle Dutch: vriesen
Dutch: vriezen
Afrikaans: vries
→ Papiamentu: fris
Limburgish: vrere, vreze

Old High German: friosan
Middle High German: vriesen, vrieren
Bavarian: frian
Cimbrian: vriizan, briizan (Mezzaselva)
Central Franconian: freese, früüse, friere
Luxembourgish: fréieren
German: frieren
Yiddish: פֿרירן (frirn)


hauʀijan

hauʀijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hauʀijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hauʀijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hauʀijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hauʀiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hauʀidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hauʀisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hauʀidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hauʀidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hauʀiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hauʀidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hauʀidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hauʀijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hauʀidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hauʀiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hauʀidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hauʀijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hauʀidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hauʀijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hauʀidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hauʀijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hauʀidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hauʀijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hauʀidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hauʀijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hauʀidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hauʀijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hauʀidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hauʀijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hauʀidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hauʀi (class-1 present singular weak)
hauʀiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hauʀijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hauʀid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: hīeran, hȳran, hēran
Middle English: heren
English: hear
Scots: her, hear
Yola: hert (preterite)

Old Frisian: hēra, heera
Saterland Frisian: here
West Frisian: hearre

Old Saxon: hōrian

Middle Low German: hōren

Low German: hören, höörn

Plautdietsch: hieren

Old Dutch: *hōren

Middle Dutch: hôren
Dutch: horen
Afrikaans: hoor
Berbice Creole Dutch: horo
Jersey Dutch: hôre
Negerhollands: hoor
→ Virgin Islands Creole: hoor (dated)
Skepi Creole Dutch: hoar
Limburgish: huuere, heure

Old High German: hōren
Middle High German: hœren
Bavarian: hearn
Cimbrian: hòrran, höarn (Luserna)
Central Franconian: hüre, hiere (Moselle Franconian)
Hunsrik: heere
Luxembourgish: héieren
German: hören
Vilamovian: hüchia
Yiddish: הערן (hern)


auʀā

auʀā (nominative singular)
auʀōn (nominative plural)
auʀā (accusative singular)
auʀōn (accusative plural)
auʀini (genitive singular)
auʀan (genitive singular)
auʀanō (genitive plural)
auʀini (dative singular)
auʀan (dative singular)
auʀum (dative plural)
auʀini (instrumental singular)
auʀan (instrumental singular)
auʀum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ēare
Middle English: ere, eare, eere, eyr, ȝhere, here, ire, yere
English: ear
Tok Pisin: ia
Scots: ear

Old Frisian: āre
North Frisian:
Föhr: uar
Hallig, Mooring: uur
Helgoland: Uaar
Saterland Frisian: Oor
West Frisian: ear

Old Saxon: ōra
Middle Low German: ôre
Low German: Ohr
Dutch Low Saxon: oor
German Low German: Or, Ur
Plautdietsch: Oa, Ua

Old Dutch: ōra
Middle Dutch: ôre
Dutch: oor
Afrikaans: oor
Jersey Dutch: ôr
Negerhollands: oor, hoor, ho
Limburgish: oear

Old High German: ōra
Middle High German: ore
Alemannic German: Oor
Bavarian: Oar
Central Franconian: Uhr, Ohr
Hunsrik: Oher
Luxembourgish: Ouer
German: Ohr
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Ohr
Vilamovian: ür
Yiddish: אויער (oyer)


jiʀ

ik (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
þū (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
mik (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
þik (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sik (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
miʀ (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
þiʀ (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sik (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mīn (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
þīn (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
sīn (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
wit (dual first-person nominative personal pronoun)
jit (dual nominative personal pronoun second-person)
unk (accusative dual first-person personal pronoun)
inkw (accusative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sik (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
unk (dative dual first-person personal pronoun)
inkw (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sik (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
unkar (dual first-person personal possessive pronoun)
inkwar (dual personal possessive pronoun second-person)
sīn (dual personal possessive pronoun reflexive)
wiʀ (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
jiʀ (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
uns (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
iwwi (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sik (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
uns (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
iwwi (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sik (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
unsar (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
iuwar (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
sīn (personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive)

Old English: ġē, gī — Northumbrian
Middle English: ye, yee, ȝe, ȝee, yeȝ, yhe, ȝhe, ge, iye, yie, ȝie, gie, hye, hie, ȝeo, geo
English: ye, yee
Scots: ȝe, ye
Yola: ye

Old Frisian: jī
North Frisian: jam, i (Sylt)
Saterland Frisian: jie
West Frisian: jim, jimme

Old Saxon: gī
Middle Low German: gî, gê, î, y, ie, jê
Low German: ji, jie
Plautdietsch: jie

Old Dutch: gī
Middle Dutch: gi
Dutch: gij, jij
Afrikaans: jy
Berbice Creole Dutch: ju
Jersey Dutch: jāi
Negerhollands: joe, ju
Petjo: jij
Limburgish: geer

Old High German: ir, ier, er, aer, gi
Middle High German: ir
Alemannic German: ir
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: iar, iart (Luserna)
Mòcheno: ir
Central Franconian: ühr, ihr, dihr (d- from verb ending by rebracketing)
Hunsrik: deer
Luxembourgish: dir
German: ihr
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: dihr
Yiddish: איר (ir), איהר (ihr) — Daytshmerish

From Proto-Germanic *jīz, Northwest Germanic form of *jūz.


marʀijan

marʀijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
marʀijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
marʀijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
marʀijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
marʀiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
marʀidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
marʀisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
marʀidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
marʀidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
marʀiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
marʀidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
marʀidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
marʀijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
marʀidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
marʀiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
marʀidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
marʀijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
marʀidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
marʀijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
marʀidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
marʀijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
marʀidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
marʀijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
marʀidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
marʀijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
marʀidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
marʀijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
marʀidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
marʀijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
marʀidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
marʀi (class-1 present singular weak)
marʀiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
marʀijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
marʀid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: mierran, merran
Middle English: merren
Scots: mer, mar
English: mar

Old Frisian: mēra

Old Saxon: merrian

Middle Low German: merren

Old Dutch: *merren

Middle Dutch: merren

desc

Old High German: marrjan, marran, merran, merren

Middle High German: merren

German: merren

→ Old French: marrir (see there for further descendants)


raʀdu

raʀdu (nominative singular)
raʀdō (nominative plural)
raʀdā (accusative singular)
raʀdā (accusative plural)
raʀdā (genitive singular)
raʀdō (genitive plural)
raʀdē (dative singular)
raʀdōm (dative plural)
raʀdum (dative plural)
raʀdu (instrumental singular)
raʀdōm (instrumental plural)
raʀdum (instrumental plural)

Old English: reord

Middle English: reorde, rearde, rorde, rerd

Scots: rerde, rerd, reird

English: reard

⇒ Old English: reordian (“to speak”)

Middle English: rerden

Old High German: rarta

From Proto-Germanic *razdō (“sound, voice”).


raʀdu

Old English: reord

⇒ Old English: reordian (“to consume, dine, feast”)

From Proto-Germanic *razdō (“food, meal”).


blōtan

blōtan (infinitive)
blōtannjas (genitive infinitive)
blōtannjē (dative infinitive)
blōtannju (infinitive instrumental)
blōtu (first-person present singular)
bleōt (first-person past singular)
blōtiʀi (present second-person singular)
bleōtī (past second-person singular)
blōtidi (present singular third-person)
bleōt (past singular third-person)
blōtum (first-person plural present)
bleōtum (first-person past plural)
blōtid (plural present second-person)
bleōtud (past plural second-person)
blōtand (plural present third-person)
bleōtun (past plural third-person)
blōtē (first-person present singular)
bleōtī (first-person past singular)
blōtēs (present second-person singular)
blōtē (present singular third-person)
bleōtī (past singular third-person)
blōtēm (first-person plural present)
bleōtīm (first-person past plural)
blōtēþ (plural present second-person)
bleōtīd (past plural second-person)
blōtēn (plural present third-person)
bleōtīn (past plural third-person)
blōt (present singular)
blōtid (plural present)
blōtandī (participle present)
blōtan (participle past)

Old English: blōtan

Old High German: bluozan, pluozan, plozzan


salljan

salljan (class-1 infinitive weak)
salljannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
salljannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
salljannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
sallju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
saldā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
salisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
saldēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
saldōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
saliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
saldē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
saldā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
salljum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
saldum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
saliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
saldud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
salljanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
saldun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
salljē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
saldī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
salljēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
saldī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
salljē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
saldī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
salljēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
saldīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
salljēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
saldīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
salljēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
saldīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sali (class-1 present singular weak)
saliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
salljandī (class-1 participle present weak)
sald (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: sellan, siellan, syllan
Middle English: sellen
English: sell
→ Dutch: sellen
Scots: sell

Old Frisian: sella

North Frisian: selle

Old Saxon: sellian (“to offer, give”)

Middle Low German: sellen

Low German: sellen

Old Dutch: *sellen

Middle Dutch: sellen

Old High German: sellen (“to hand over, betray”)
Middle High German: sellen
German: sellen (obsolete)


ausan

ausan (infinitive)
ausannjas (genitive infinitive)
ausannjē (dative infinitive)
ausannju (infinitive instrumental)
ausu (first-person present singular)
eōs (first-person past singular)
ausiʀi (present second-person singular)
eōʀī (past second-person singular)
ausidi (present singular third-person)
eōs (past singular third-person)
ausum (first-person plural present)
eōʀum (first-person past plural)
ausid (plural present second-person)
eōʀud (past plural second-person)
ausand (plural present third-person)
eōʀun (past plural third-person)
ausē (first-person present singular)
eōʀī (first-person past singular)
ausēs (present second-person singular)
ausē (present singular third-person)
eōʀī (past singular third-person)
ausēm (first-person plural present)
eōʀīm (first-person past plural)
ausēþ (plural present second-person)
eōʀīd (past plural second-person)
ausēn (plural present third-person)
eōʀīn (past plural third-person)
aus (present singular)
ausid (plural present)
ausandī (participle present)
auʀan (participle past)

Old Saxon: *ōsan

Middle Low German: ôsen

Old Dutch: *ōsan

Middle Dutch: ôsen

Dutch: hozen (with hypercorrect h-)

Old High German: *ōsan

Middle High German: ōsen


unkar

unkar (masculine nominative singular)
unkaru (feminine nominative singular)
unkar (neuter nominative singular)
unkaranā (accusative masculine singular)
unkarā (accusative feminine singular)
unkar (accusative neuter singular)
unkaras (genitive masculine singular)
unkareʀā (feminine genitive singular)
unkaras (genitive neuter singular)
unkarumē (dative masculine singular)
unkareʀē (dative feminine singular)
unkarumē (dative neuter singular)
unkaru (instrumental masculine singular)
unkareʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
unkaru (instrumental neuter singular)
unkarē (masculine nominative plural)
unkarō (feminine nominative plural)
unkaru (neuter nominative plural)
unkarā (accusative masculine plural)
unkarā (accusative feminine plural)
unkaru (accusative neuter plural)
unkareʀō (genitive masculine plural)
unkareʀō (feminine genitive plural)
unkareʀō (genitive neuter plural)
unkarēm (dative masculine plural)
unkarum (dative masculine plural)
unkarēm (dative feminine plural)
unkarum (dative feminine plural)
unkarēm (dative neuter plural)
unkarum (dative neuter plural)
unkarēm (instrumental masculine plural)
unkarum (instrumental masculine plural)
unkarēm (feminine instrumental plural)
unkarum (feminine instrumental plural)
unkarēm (instrumental neuter plural)
unkarum (instrumental neuter plural)
ik (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
þū (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
mik (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
þik (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sik (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
miʀ (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
þiʀ (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sik (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mīn (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
þīn (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
sīn (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
wit (dual first-person nominative personal pronoun)
jit (dual nominative personal pronoun second-person)
unk (accusative dual first-person personal pronoun)
inkw (accusative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sik (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
unk (dative dual first-person personal pronoun)
inkw (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sik (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
unkar (dual first-person personal possessive pronoun)
inkwar (dual personal possessive pronoun second-person)
sīn (dual personal possessive pronoun reflexive)
wiʀ (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
jiʀ (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
uns (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
iwwi (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sik (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
uns (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
iwwi (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sik (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
unsar (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
iuwar (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
sīn (personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive)

Old English: uncer
Middle English: unker

Old Saxon: unker

>? Old High German:

Sette Comuni Cimbrian: ögnar


swaipan

swaipan (infinitive)
swaipannjas (genitive infinitive)
swaipannjē (dative infinitive)
swaipannju (infinitive instrumental)
swaipu (first-person present singular)
swēp (first-person past singular)
swaipiʀi (present second-person singular)
swēpī (past second-person singular)
swaipidi (present singular third-person)
swēp (past singular third-person)
swaipum (first-person plural present)
swēpum (first-person past plural)
swaipid (plural present second-person)
swēpud (past plural second-person)
swaipand (plural present third-person)
swēpun (past plural third-person)
swaipē (first-person present singular)
swēpī (first-person past singular)
swaipēs (present second-person singular)
swaipē (present singular third-person)
swēpī (past singular third-person)
swaipēm (first-person plural present)
swēpīm (first-person past plural)
swaipēþ (plural present second-person)
swēpīd (past plural second-person)
swaipēn (plural present third-person)
swēpīn (past plural third-person)
swaip (present singular)
swaipid (plural present)
swaipandī (participle present)
swaipan (participle past)

Old English: swāpan

Middle English: swapen, swopen

English: swoop

Scots: swap, swape, swaip

Old Frisian: swēpa

West Frisian: swiepe (obsolete)

Old Saxon: swēpan

Middle Low German: swêpen

German Low German: swepen

Old High German: sweifan

Middle High German: sweifen

German: schweifen


rādan

rādan (infinitive)
rādannjas (genitive infinitive)
rādannjē (dative infinitive)
rādannju (infinitive instrumental)
rādu (first-person present singular)
rēd (first-person past singular)
rādiʀi (present second-person singular)
rēdī (past second-person singular)
rādidi (present singular third-person)
rēd (past singular third-person)
rādum (first-person plural present)
rēdum (first-person past plural)
rādid (plural present second-person)
rēdud (past plural second-person)
rādand (plural present third-person)
rēdun (past plural third-person)
rādē (first-person present singular)
rēdī (first-person past singular)
rādēs (present second-person singular)
rādē (present singular third-person)
rēdī (past singular third-person)
rādēm (first-person plural present)
rēdīm (first-person past plural)
rādēþ (plural present second-person)
rēdīd (past plural second-person)
rādēn (plural present third-person)
rēdīn (past plural third-person)
rād (present singular)
rādid (plural present)
rādandī (participle present)
rādan (participle past)

Old English: rǣdan

Middle English: reden

English: read, rede

Scots: rede

Old Frisian: rēda

Saterland Frisian: räide

West Frisian: riede

Old Saxon: rādan

Middle Low German: râden

German Low German: raden

Low German: raden

Old Dutch: rādan
Middle Dutch: râden
Dutch: raden
Limburgish: raoje

Old High German: rātan

Middle High German: raten

German: raten

Luxembourgish: roden

Yiddish: ראָטן (rotn)


blōan

blōan (infinitive)
blōannjas (genitive infinitive)
blōannjē (dative infinitive)
blōannju (infinitive instrumental)
blōu (first-person present singular)
bleō (first-person past singular)
blōiʀi (present second-person singular)
bleōī (past second-person singular)
blōidi (present singular third-person)
bleō (past singular third-person)
blōum (first-person plural present)
bleōum (first-person past plural)
blōid (plural present second-person)
bleōud (past plural second-person)
blōand (plural present third-person)
bleōun (past plural third-person)
blōē (first-person present singular)
bleōī (first-person past singular)
blōēs (present second-person singular)
blōē (present singular third-person)
bleōī (past singular third-person)
blōēm (first-person plural present)
bleōīm (first-person past plural)
blōēþ (plural present second-person)
bleōīd (past plural second-person)
blōēn (plural present third-person)
bleōīn (past plural third-person)
blō (present singular)
blōid (plural present)
blōandī (participle present)
blōan (participle past)

Old English: blōwan
Middle English: blowen, blowe
English: blow
Northumbrian: blaa
Scots: blaw

Old Frisian: *blōia

North Frisian: blöye

West Frisian: bloeie

Old Saxon: blōian, blōjan
Middle Low German: blōen, blōien
Low German: blöhen

Old Dutch: bluoien
Middle Dutch: bloeyen
Dutch: bloeien
Afrikaans: bloei
Limburgish: blöjje

Old High German: bluoen

Middle High German: blüejen, blüen

Alemannic German: blüeje

German: blühen

Hunsrik: bliehe

Luxembourgish: bléien

Vilamovian: błin


skaiþan

skaiþan (infinitive)
skaiþannjas (genitive infinitive)
skaiþannjē (dative infinitive)
skaiþannju (infinitive instrumental)
skaiþu (first-person present singular)
skēþ (first-person past singular)
skaiþiʀi (present second-person singular)
skēdī (past second-person singular)
skaiþidi (present singular third-person)
skēþ (past singular third-person)
skaiþum (first-person plural present)
skēdum (first-person past plural)
skaiþid (plural present second-person)
skēdud (past plural second-person)
skaiþand (plural present third-person)
skēdun (past plural third-person)
skaiþē (first-person present singular)
skēdī (first-person past singular)
skaiþēs (present second-person singular)
skaiþē (present singular third-person)
skēdī (past singular third-person)
skaiþēm (first-person plural present)
skēdīm (first-person past plural)
skaiþēþ (plural present second-person)
skēdīd (past plural second-person)
skaiþēn (plural present third-person)
skēdīn (past plural third-person)
skaiþ (present singular)
skaiþid (plural present)
skaiþandī (participle present)
skaidan (participle past)

Old English: sċēadan, sċādan
Middle English: sheden, scheden, schoden
English: shed
Scots: sched, scheid, schade

Old Frisian: skētha

Saterland Frisian: skeede

West Frisian: skiede

Old Saxon: skēthan
Middle Low German: schêden, scheiden
German Low German: scheden
→ Swedish: skeda

Old Dutch: skeithan
Middle Dutch: scheiden
Dutch: scheiden
Afrikaans: skei
Negerhollands: skeid, skei, skee, skej
Petjo: scheien, schejen
Limburgish: sjeie

Old High German: skeidan

Middle High German: scheiden

Alemannic German: scheide

German: scheiden

Luxembourgish: scheeden


hą̄han

hą̄han (infinitive)
hą̄hannjas (genitive infinitive)
hą̄hannjē (dative infinitive)
hą̄hannju (infinitive instrumental)
hą̄hu (first-person present singular)
heang (first-person past singular)
hą̄hiʀi (present second-person singular)
heangī (past second-person singular)
hą̄hidi (present singular third-person)
heang (past singular third-person)
hą̄hum (first-person plural present)
heangum (first-person past plural)
hą̄hid (plural present second-person)
heangud (past plural second-person)
hą̄hand (plural present third-person)
heangun (past plural third-person)
hą̄hē (first-person present singular)
heangī (first-person past singular)
hą̄hēs (present second-person singular)
hą̄hē (present singular third-person)
heangī (past singular third-person)
hą̄hēm (first-person plural present)
heangīm (first-person past plural)
hą̄hēþ (plural present second-person)
heangīd (past plural second-person)
hą̄hēn (plural present third-person)
heangīn (past plural third-person)
hą̄h (present singular)
hą̄hid (plural present)
hą̄handī (participle present)
hangan (participle past)

Old English: hōn
Middle English: hōn, hangen, hongen (merger with hangian)
English: hang
Scots: hang

Old Frisian: huā, hwā, (merger with hangia, hongia)

Saterland Frisian: hongje

West Frisian: hingje

Old Saxon: hāhan
Middle Low German: hân, hangen (merger with hangon)
Low German: hangen

Old Dutch: *hān

merger with <i class="Latn mention" lang="odt">hangon</i>

Middle Dutch: hâen, hangen (merger with hangon)
Dutch: hangen
Afrikaans: hang
Berbice Creole Dutch: hanggi
Negerhollands: hang, haṅ
→ Sranan Tongo: anga
Limburgish: hange

Old High German: hāhan

Middle High German: hāhen

German: hängen (merger with hangen and hengen)


hlaupan

hlaupan (infinitive)
hlaupannjas (genitive infinitive)
hlaupannjē (dative infinitive)
hlaupannju (infinitive instrumental)
hlaupu (first-person present singular)
hleōp (first-person past singular)
hlaupiʀi (present second-person singular)
hleōpī (past second-person singular)
hlaupidi (present singular third-person)
hleōp (past singular third-person)
hlaupum (first-person plural present)
hleōpum (first-person past plural)
hlaupid (plural present second-person)
hleōpud (past plural second-person)
hlaupand (plural present third-person)
hleōpun (past plural third-person)
hlaupē (first-person present singular)
hleōpī (first-person past singular)
hlaupēs (present second-person singular)
hlaupē (present singular third-person)
hleōpī (past singular third-person)
hlaupēm (first-person plural present)
hleōpīm (first-person past plural)
hlaupēþ (plural present second-person)
hleōpīd (past plural second-person)
hlaupēn (plural present third-person)
hleōpīn (past plural third-person)
hlaup (present singular)
hlaupid (plural present)
hlaupandī (participle present)
hlaupan (participle past)

Old English: hlēapan
Middle English: lepen, leapen, leopen, leppen, luppen
English: leap
Scots: lepe, leip, leap
Yola: laupe

Old Frisian: hlāpa

Saterland Frisian: loope

West Frisian: ljeppe

Old Saxon: hlōpan
Middle Low German: lôpen
Low German: lopen

Old Dutch: lōpan
Middle Dutch: lôpen
Dutch: lopen
Afrikaans: loop
Negerhollands: loop, loo, lo, lu
Skepi Creole Dutch: lop, louphe, luffi, loup
Limburgish: loupe
→ Central Franconian: loope

Old High German: hloufan, loufan

Middle High German: loufen

Alemannic German: laufe, lauffe, loufe

Swabian: laufe

Vorarlbergisch: loufa

Bavarian: laffa

Cimbrian: loavan, lóofan (Sette Comuni)

Mòcheno:

Central Franconian: loofe, laafe

Hunsrik: laafe

Kölsch: laufe, loufe

Luxembourgish: lafen

East Central German:

Erzgebirgisch: laafn

Upper Saxon German: loofen

Vilamovian: łaojfa

East Franconian:

German: laufen

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: laafe

Yiddish: לויפֿן (loyfn)

→⇒ Old French: gualoper, galoper (see there for further descendants)


wiʀ

Old English: wē, wœ̄ — Northumbrian, wæ, ƿē
Middle English: we, whe, ve, woe, wue, weo, wæ, vue, hwe, huue
English: we
Jamaican Creole: wi
Sranan Tongo: wi
Scots: we, oo
Yola: wough, wu, wee, we, w'

Old Frisian: wī
North Frisian: wi, wü
Saterland Frisian: wie
West Frisian: wy

Old Saxon: wī
Middle Low German: wî, wy
Dutch Low Saxon: wi
German Low German: wi, wî
Plautdietsch: wie

Old Dutch: wī
Middle Dutch: wi
Dutch: wij

Old High German: wir

Middle High German: wir
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: biar, bar (Sette Comuni)
Mòcheno: biar
German: wir

⇒ Middle High German: mir

Alemannic German: mir, mier

Bavarian: mia

German: mir (dialectal)

Hunsrik: meer

Luxembourgish: mir, mer

Pennsylvania German: mer

Yiddish: מיר (mir)


bautan

bautan (infinitive)
bautannjas (genitive infinitive)
bautannjē (dative infinitive)
bautannju (infinitive instrumental)
bautu (first-person present singular)
beōt (first-person past singular)
bautiʀi (present second-person singular)
beōtī (past second-person singular)
bautidi (present singular third-person)
beōt (past singular third-person)
bautum (first-person plural present)
beōtum (first-person past plural)
bautid (plural present second-person)
beōtud (past plural second-person)
bautand (plural present third-person)
beōtun (past plural third-person)
bautē (first-person present singular)
beōtī (first-person past singular)
bautēs (present second-person singular)
bautē (present singular third-person)
beōtī (past singular third-person)
bautēm (first-person plural present)
beōtīm (first-person past plural)
bautēþ (plural present second-person)
beōtīd (past plural second-person)
bautēn (plural present third-person)
beōtīn (past plural third-person)
baut (present singular)
bautid (plural present)
bautandī (participle present)
bautan (participle past)

Old English: bēatan
Middle English: beten, beete, bet, bete, betyn, beytt, beaten (Early Middle English), byete (Kent)
English: beat
→ Pennsylvania German: biede
Scots: beat, beit

Old Frisian: *bāta (in derivatives)

Old Saxon: *bōtan

Middle Low German: bôten

German Low German: boten

⇒ Middle Low German: bȫtelen

Old Dutch: *bōtan

Middle Dutch: bôten

Dutch: boten, botten, butten

West Flemish: botn

Old High German: pōzan, bōzan, bōzzan

Middle High German: bōzen, butzen

German: boßen (dialectal); bossen, possen

⇒ German: bosseln

German: Butzen (noun) (dialectal)

⇒? German: butzen, putzen (verb)

⇒ Middle High German: bōzelen, bōzeln

German: boßeln

→ Middle Low German: bōsselen

German Low German: boßeln

⇒ Old High German: anabōz (“anvil”)

Middle High German: anebōz

Cimbrian: hanapus

German: Amboss

→? Vulgar Latin: *bottō (perhaps directly borrowed into Old French, and other Romance languages borrowed from it)

Old French: bouter
Anglo-Norman: boter, buter
→ Middle English: butten, bouten
English: butt
Middle French: bouter
French: bouter
Norman: bouter (Jèrriais), boutaïr (Guernésiais)

Sicilian: ammuttari (a + (i)n + *buttari)

Italian: bottare

Old Occitan: botar

Catalan: botar

Occitan: botar

West Iberian

Old Galician-Portuguese: botar

Galician: botar

Portuguese: botar

Spanish: botar

⇒? Late Latin: *botōnus, *bottonem (perhaps formed in Old French (bouter + -on), and other Romance languages borrowed from it)

Old French: boton

French: bouton

Norman: bouton

→ Middle English: botoun
English: button (see there for further descendants)
Scots: button
Yola: buththone, boththone

Italo-Dalmatian

Dalmatian: botaun

Italian: bottone

Sicilian: buttuni

Old Occitan: boton

Catalan: botó

Occitan: boton

Romansch: buttun, battung

Venetian: boton

West Iberian

Aragonese: botón

Asturian: botón

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: botón

Portuguese: botão (see there for further descendants)

Spanish: botón (see there for further descendants)


þagēn

þagēn (infinitive)
þagēnijas (genitive infinitive)
þagēnijē (dative infinitive)
þagēniju (infinitive instrumental)
þagē (first-person present singular)
þag?dā (first-person past singular)
þagēs (present second-person singular)
þag?dēs (past second-person singular)
þagēþ (present singular third-person)
þag?dē (past singular third-person)
þag?dā (past singular third-person)
þagēm (first-person plural present)
þag?dum (first-person past plural)
þagēþ (plural present second-person)
þag?dud (past plural second-person)
þagēnþ (plural present third-person)
þag?dun (past plural third-person)
þag?dī (first-person past singular)
þag?dī (past second-person singular)
þagē (present singular third-person)
þag?dī (past singular third-person)
þag?dīm (first-person past plural)
þag?dīd (past plural second-person)
þagēn (plural present third-person)
þag?dīn (past plural third-person)
þagē (present singular)
þagēþ (plural present)
þagēndī (participle present)
þag?d (participle past)

Old High German: dagēn

German: dagen (obsolete)


þewēn

þewēn (infinitive)
þewēnijas (genitive infinitive)
þewēnijē (dative infinitive)
þewēniju (infinitive instrumental)
þewē (first-person present singular)
þew?dā (first-person past singular)
þewēs (present second-person singular)
þew?dēs (past second-person singular)
þewēþ (present singular third-person)
þew?dē (past singular third-person)
þew?dā (past singular third-person)
þewēm (first-person plural present)
þew?dum (first-person past plural)
þewēþ (plural present second-person)
þew?dud (past plural second-person)
þewēnþ (plural present third-person)
þew?dun (past plural third-person)
þew?dī (first-person past singular)
þew?dī (past second-person singular)
þewē (present singular third-person)
þew?dī (past singular third-person)
þew?dīm (first-person past plural)
þew?dīd (past plural second-person)
þewēn (plural present third-person)
þew?dīn (past plural third-person)
þewē (present singular)
þewēþ (plural present)
þewēndī (participle present)
þew?d (participle past)

Old English: þeowian

Old High German: dewēn

From Proto-Germanic *þewāną. Equivalent to *þeu (“servile, slavish”) + *-ēn or *þeu (“slave”) + *-ēn.


halbiþu

halbiþu (nominative singular)
halbiþō (nominative plural)
halbiþā (accusative singular)
halbiþā (accusative plural)
halbiþā (genitive singular)
halbiþō (genitive plural)
halbiþē (dative singular)
halbiþōm (dative plural)
halbiþum (dative plural)
halbiþu (instrumental singular)
halbiþōm (instrumental plural)
halbiþum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: helfte

North Frisian: helt

West Frisian: helte

Old Saxon: *helvida, *helfta

Middle Low German: helfte

German Low German: Hälfte, Hälft

Old Dutch: *helvida

Middle Dutch: helft, helfde

Dutch: helft

Afrikaans: helfte

Old High German: *helbida, *helfta

Middle High German: helfte

German: Hälfte

From Proto-Germanic *halbiþō. Equivalent to *halb (“half”) + *-iþu (abstract noun suffix).


kunnēn

kunnēn (infinitive)
kunnēnijas (genitive infinitive)
kunnēnijē (dative infinitive)
kunnēniju (infinitive instrumental)
kunnē (first-person present singular)
kunn?dā (first-person past singular)
kunnēs (present second-person singular)
kunn?dēs (past second-person singular)
kunnēþ (present singular third-person)
kunn?dē (past singular third-person)
kunn?dā (past singular third-person)
kunnēm (first-person plural present)
kunn?dum (first-person past plural)
kunnēþ (plural present second-person)
kunn?dud (past plural second-person)
kunnēnþ (plural present third-person)
kunn?dun (past plural third-person)
kunn?dī (first-person past singular)
kunn?dī (past second-person singular)
kunnē (present singular third-person)
kunn?dī (past singular third-person)
kunn?dīm (first-person past plural)
kunn?dīd (past plural second-person)
kunnēn (plural present third-person)
kunn?dīn (past plural third-person)
kunnē (present singular)
kunnēþ (plural present)
kunnēndī (participle present)
kunn?d (participle past)

Old English: cunnian

Old Saxon: *kunnōn

⇒ Old Saxon: gikunnōn

Old Dutch: *cunnon

⇒ Old Dutch: bicunnon

Old High German: kunnēn


flahan

flahan (infinitive)
flahannjas (genitive infinitive)
flahannjē (dative infinitive)
flahannju (infinitive instrumental)
flahu (first-person present singular)
flōh (first-person past singular)
flahiʀi (present second-person singular)
flōgī (past second-person singular)
flahidi (present singular third-person)
flōh (past singular third-person)
flahum (first-person plural present)
flōgum (first-person past plural)
flahid (plural present second-person)
flōgud (past plural second-person)
flahand (plural present third-person)
flōgun (past plural third-person)
flahē (first-person present singular)
flōgī (first-person past singular)
flahēs (present second-person singular)
flahē (present singular third-person)
flōgī (past singular third-person)
flahēm (first-person plural present)
flōgīm (first-person past plural)
flahēþ (plural present second-person)
flōgīd (past plural second-person)
flahēn (plural present third-person)
flōgīn (past plural third-person)
flah (present singular)
flahid (plural present)
flahandī (participle present)
flagan (participle past)

Old English: flēan

Middle English: flen

English: flay

Old Dutch: *flān

Middle Dutch: vlâen

West Flemish: vlaan


rodēn

rodēn (infinitive)
rodēnijas (genitive infinitive)
rodēnijē (dative infinitive)
rodēniju (infinitive instrumental)
rodē (first-person present singular)
rod?dā (first-person past singular)
rodēs (present second-person singular)
rod?dēs (past second-person singular)
rodēþ (present singular third-person)
rod?dē (past singular third-person)
rod?dā (past singular third-person)
rodēm (first-person plural present)
rod?dum (first-person past plural)
rodēþ (plural present second-person)
rod?dud (past plural second-person)
rodēnþ (plural present third-person)
rod?dun (past plural third-person)
rod?dī (first-person past singular)
rod?dī (past second-person singular)
rodē (present singular third-person)
rod?dī (past singular third-person)
rod?dīm (first-person past plural)
rod?dīd (past plural second-person)
rodēn (plural present third-person)
rod?dīn (past plural third-person)
rodē (present singular)
rodēþ (plural present)
rodēndī (participle present)
rod?d (participle past)

Old English: rudian

Middle English: ruden, rudden

English: rud

Old Saxon: *rodōn

Middle Low German: rȫden, rȫten

Old Dutch: *rodon

Middle Dutch: rōden

Dutch: roden

Old High German: rotēn

Middle High German: roten

German: röten


skamēn

skamēn (infinitive)
skamēnijas (genitive infinitive)
skamēnijē (dative infinitive)
skamēniju (infinitive instrumental)
skamē (first-person present singular)
skam?dā (first-person past singular)
skamēs (present second-person singular)
skam?dēs (past second-person singular)
skamēþ (present singular third-person)
skam?dē (past singular third-person)
skam?dā (past singular third-person)
skamēm (first-person plural present)
skam?dum (first-person past plural)
skamēþ (plural present second-person)
skam?dud (past plural second-person)
skamēnþ (plural present third-person)
skam?dun (past plural third-person)
skam?dī (first-person past singular)
skam?dī (past second-person singular)
skamē (present singular third-person)
skam?dī (past singular third-person)
skam?dīm (first-person past plural)
skam?dīd (past plural second-person)
skamēn (plural present third-person)
skam?dīn (past plural third-person)
skamē (present singular)
skamēþ (plural present)
skamēndī (participle present)
skam?d (participle past)

Old English: sċamian

Middle English: schamen

English: shame

Old Frisian: skamia

Old Dutch: scamon

Middle Dutch: schāmen

Dutch: schamen

Afrikaans: skaam

Old High German: scamēn, scamōn

German: schämen

Bavarian: schaman

From Proto-Germanic *skamāną. Equivalent to *skamu (“shame”) + *-ēn.


fastēn

fastēn (infinitive)
fastēnijas (genitive infinitive)
fastēnijē (dative infinitive)
fastēniju (infinitive instrumental)
fastē (first-person present singular)
fast?dā (first-person past singular)
fastēs (present second-person singular)
fast?dēs (past second-person singular)
fastēþ (present singular third-person)
fast?dē (past singular third-person)
fast?dā (past singular third-person)
fastēm (first-person plural present)
fast?dum (first-person past plural)
fastēþ (plural present second-person)
fast?dud (past plural second-person)
fastēnþ (plural present third-person)
fast?dun (past plural third-person)
fast?dī (first-person past singular)
fast?dī (past second-person singular)
fastē (present singular third-person)
fast?dī (past singular third-person)
fast?dīm (first-person past plural)
fast?dīd (past plural second-person)
fastēn (plural present third-person)
fast?dīn (past plural third-person)
fastē (present singular)
fastēþ (plural present)
fastēndī (participle present)
fast?d (participle past)

Old English: festia

Old Saxon: *fastōn

Middle Low German: fasten, vasten

German Low German: fasten

Old Dutch: *faston

Middle Dutch: vasten

Dutch: vasten

Afrikaans: vas

desctree

Old High German: fastēn
Middle High German: vasten
Cimbrian: bastan
German: fasten
Luxembourgish: faaschten
Yiddish: פֿאַסטן (fastn)

From Proto-Germanic *fastāną. Equivalent to *fast (“fixed, fast”) + *-ēn.

to fast, to abstain from food and/or drink


armēn

armēn (infinitive)
armēnijas (genitive infinitive)
armēnijē (dative infinitive)
armēniju (infinitive instrumental)
armē (first-person present singular)
arm?dā (first-person past singular)
armēs (present second-person singular)
arm?dēs (past second-person singular)
armēþ (present singular third-person)
arm?dē (past singular third-person)
arm?dā (past singular third-person)
armēm (first-person plural present)
arm?dum (first-person past plural)
armēþ (plural present second-person)
arm?dud (past plural second-person)
armēnþ (plural present third-person)
arm?dun (past plural third-person)
arm?dī (first-person past singular)
arm?dī (past second-person singular)
armē (present singular third-person)
arm?dī (past singular third-person)
arm?dīm (first-person past plural)
arm?dīd (past plural second-person)
armēn (plural present third-person)
arm?dīn (past plural third-person)
armē (present singular)
armēþ (plural present)
armēndī (participle present)
arm?d (participle past)

Old English: earmian

Old Saxon: armōn

Middle Low German: armen

Old Dutch: *armon

Middle Dutch: armen

Old High German: armēn

Middle High German: armen

From Proto-Germanic *armāną. Equivalent to *arm (“pitiful”) + *-ēn (“factitive”) and *arm + *-ēn (“stative-fientive”).


trūēn

trūēn (infinitive)
trūēnijas (genitive infinitive)
trūēnijē (dative infinitive)
trūēniju (infinitive instrumental)
trūē (first-person present singular)
trū?dā (first-person past singular)
trūēs (present second-person singular)
trū?dēs (past second-person singular)
trūēþ (present singular third-person)
trū?dē (past singular third-person)
trū?dā (past singular third-person)
trūēm (first-person plural present)
trū?dum (first-person past plural)
trūēþ (plural present second-person)
trū?dud (past plural second-person)
trūēnþ (plural present third-person)
trū?dun (past plural third-person)
trū?dī (first-person past singular)
trū?dī (past second-person singular)
trūē (present singular third-person)
trū?dī (past singular third-person)
trū?dīm (first-person past plural)
trū?dīd (past plural second-person)
trūēn (plural present third-person)
trū?dīn (past plural third-person)
trūē (present singular)
trūēþ (plural present)
trūēndī (participle present)
trū?d (participle past)

Old English: trūwian
English: trow

Old Saxon: trūon

Old High German: trūēn, trūōn

From Proto-Germanic *trūjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *drew-o, suffixed form of *deru-, *drew- (“hard, firm, strong, solid”) with reflexes as Latin dūrus (“hard, rough”), Old English trum (“strong, firm”), Old Armenian տրամ (tram, “firm, solid”), and Ancient Greek δροόν (droón, “strong, mighty”). See *trūwāną (“to trust”).


līkēn

līkēn (infinitive)
līkēnijas (genitive infinitive)
līkēnijē (dative infinitive)
līkēniju (infinitive instrumental)
līkē (first-person present singular)
līk?dā (first-person past singular)
līkēs (present second-person singular)
līk?dēs (past second-person singular)
līkēþ (present singular third-person)
līk?dē (past singular third-person)
līk?dā (past singular third-person)
līkēm (first-person plural present)
līk?dum (first-person past plural)
līkēþ (plural present second-person)
līk?dud (past plural second-person)
līkēnþ (plural present third-person)
līk?dun (past plural third-person)
līk?dī (first-person past singular)
līk?dī (past second-person singular)
līkē (present singular third-person)
līk?dī (past singular third-person)
līk?dīm (first-person past plural)
līk?dīd (past plural second-person)
līkēn (plural present third-person)
līk?dīn (past plural third-person)
līkē (present singular)
līkēþ (plural present)
līkēndī (participle present)
līk?d (participle past)

Old English: līcian

Middle English: liken, lyken

Scots: like

English: like

→ Welsh: leicio, licio

→ German: liken

→ Dutch: liken

→ French: liker

→ Spanish: likear

Old Frisian: līkia

Saterland Frisian: liekje

West Frisian: lykje

Old Saxon: līkōn

Middle Low German: liken

Low German: lieken

Old Dutch: līcon
Middle Dutch: liken
Dutch: lijken

Old High German: līhhēn

Middle High German: līchen

German: leichen


hangēn

hangēn (infinitive)
hangēnijas (genitive infinitive)
hangēnijē (dative infinitive)
hangēniju (infinitive instrumental)
hangē (first-person present singular)
hang?dā (first-person past singular)
hangēs (present second-person singular)
hang?dēs (past second-person singular)
hangēþ (present singular third-person)
hang?dē (past singular third-person)
hang?dā (past singular third-person)
hangēm (first-person plural present)
hang?dum (first-person past plural)
hangēþ (plural present second-person)
hang?dud (past plural second-person)
hangēnþ (plural present third-person)
hang?dun (past plural third-person)
hang?dī (first-person past singular)
hang?dī (past second-person singular)
hangē (present singular third-person)
hang?dī (past singular third-person)
hang?dīm (first-person past plural)
hang?dīd (past plural second-person)
hangēn (plural present third-person)
hang?dīn (past plural third-person)
hangē (present singular)
hangēþ (plural present)
hangēndī (participle present)
hang?d (participle past)

Old English: hangian, hongian
Middle English: hangen (merged with hōn)
English: hang
Scots: hangit (simple past of hing (“to execute using gallows”))
→ Welsh: hongian

Old Frisian: hangia, hongia

Saterland Frisian: hongje

West Frisian: hingje

Old Saxon: hangon
Middle Low German: hangen
Low German: hangen

Old Dutch: *hangon
Middle Dutch: hangen (merger with hān)
Dutch: hangen
Afrikaans: hang
Berbice Creole Dutch: hanggi
Negerhollands: hang, haṅ
→ Sranan Tongo: anga
Limburgish: hange

Old High German: hangēn
Middle High German: hangen
German: hängen (merger with hāhen and hengen)
Switzerland German: hangen
>? Cimbrian: hangan

From Proto-Germanic *hangāną. Equivalent to *hą̄han (“to hang”) + *-ēn.


rūnēn

rūnēn (infinitive)
rūnēnijas (genitive infinitive)
rūnēnijē (dative infinitive)
rūnēniju (infinitive instrumental)
rūnē (first-person present singular)
rūn?dā (first-person past singular)
rūnēs (present second-person singular)
rūn?dēs (past second-person singular)
rūnēþ (present singular third-person)
rūn?dē (past singular third-person)
rūn?dā (past singular third-person)
rūnēm (first-person plural present)
rūn?dum (first-person past plural)
rūnēþ (plural present second-person)
rūn?dud (past plural second-person)
rūnēnþ (plural present third-person)
rūn?dun (past plural third-person)
rūn?dī (first-person past singular)
rūn?dī (past second-person singular)
rūnē (present singular third-person)
rūn?dī (past singular third-person)
rūn?dīm (first-person past plural)
rūn?dīd (past plural second-person)
rūnēn (plural present third-person)
rūn?dīn (past plural third-person)
rūnē (present singular)
rūnēþ (plural present)
rūnēndī (participle present)
rūn?d (participle past)

Old English: rūnian
Middle English: rounen, rownen
English: roun, round
Scots: roun, round

Old Frisian: *rūnia

Saterland Frisian: ruunje

West Frisian: rúnje

Old Saxon: rūnōn, rūnoian, rūnian

Middle Low German: rûnen

German Low German: runen

Old Dutch: rūnon
Middle Dutch: runen
Dutch: ruinen

Old High German: rūnēn

Middle High German: rūnen

German: raunen

→ Old French: runer

Middle French: runer


stān

Old Frisian: stān

West Frisian: stean

Old Saxon: stān
Middle Low German: stān
German Low German: stahn

Old Dutch: stān
Middle Dutch: stâen
Dutch: staan
Afrikaans: staan
Berbice Creole Dutch: tan
Jersey Dutch: stân
Negerhollands: staan, tan
→ Biak: vestan
Limburgish: staon

Old High German: stān, stēn

Middle High German: stān, stēn

Alemannic German: staa, schtaa

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: stean

Mòcheno: stean

Northern Bavarian: [ʒ̊d̥ɛi]

desc

Central Franconian: stohn, stonn, stiehn

Hunsrik: stehn

Luxembourgish: stoen

German: stehen

Rhine Franconian: stehn

Pennsylvania German:

Vilamovian: śtejn

Yiddish: שטיין (shteyn)


hangijan

hangijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hangijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hangijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hangijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hangiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hangidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hangisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hangidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hangidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hangiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hangidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hangidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hangijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hangidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hangiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hangidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hangijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hangidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hangijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hangidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hangijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hangidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hangijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hangidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hangijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hangidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hangijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hangidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hangijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hangidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hangi (class-1 present singular weak)
hangiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hangijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hangid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Frisian: hingia

Old Saxon: *hengian

Middle Low German: hengen

Low German: hängen

Old Dutch: *hengen

Middle Dutch: hengen

Old High German: hengen

Middle High German: hengen

Bavarian: hängan, hänga

German: hängen

Hunsrik: henge

Luxembourgish: hänken

Vilamovian: hengia


sabbjan

sabbjan (infinitive)
sabbjannjas (genitive infinitive)
sabbjannjē (dative infinitive)
sabbjannju (infinitive instrumental)
sabbju (first-person present singular)
sōb (first-person past singular)
sabiʀi (present second-person singular)
sōbī (past second-person singular)
sabidi (present singular third-person)
sōb (past singular third-person)
sabbjum (first-person plural present)
sōbum (first-person past plural)
sabid (plural present second-person)
sōbud (past plural second-person)
sabbjand (plural present third-person)
sōbun (past plural third-person)
sabbjē (first-person present singular)
sōbī (first-person past singular)
sabbjēs (present second-person singular)
sabbjē (present singular third-person)
sōbī (past singular third-person)
sabbjēm (first-person plural present)
sōbīm (first-person past plural)
sabbjēþ (plural present second-person)
sōbīd (past plural second-person)
sabbjēn (plural present third-person)
sōbīn (past plural third-person)
sabi (present singular)
sabid (plural present)
sabbjandī (participle present)
saban (participle past)

Old Frisian: *sebba, *seffa

⇒ Old Frisian: *biseffa

West Frisian: beseffe

Old Saxon: sebbian, seffian

⇒ Old Saxon: biseffian, afsebbian, afseffian, anseffian

Old Dutch: *seffen

⇒ Old Dutch: *biseffen

Middle Dutch: beseffen, beseven

Dutch: beseffen

Afrikaans: besef

Old High German: sebben, seffen

⇒ Old High German: *intsebben, *antsebben

Middle High German: seben; entseben

German: entseben