ganōgijan

ganōgijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
ganōgijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
ganōgijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
ganōgijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
ganōgiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
ganōgidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
ganōgisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
ganōgidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
ganōgidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
ganōgiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
ganōgidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
ganōgidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
ganōgijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
ganōgidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
ganōgiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
ganōgidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
ganōgijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
ganōgidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
ganōgijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
ganōgidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
ganōgijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
ganōgidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
ganōgijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
ganōgidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
ganōgijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
ganōgidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
ganōgijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
ganōgidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
ganōgijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
ganōgidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
ganōgi (class-1 present singular weak)
ganōgiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
ganōgijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
ganōgid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *ginōgian

Middle Low German: genȫgen

Old Dutch: *ginuogen

Middle Dutch: genoegen

Dutch: genoegen

Old High German: ginuogen

Middle High German: genüegen

German: genügen

From Proto-Germanic *ganōgijaną. Equivalent to *ganōg (“enough, sufficient”) + *-jan.


daubijan

daubijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
daubijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
daubijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
daubijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
daubiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
daubidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
daubisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
daubidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
daubidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
daubiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
daubidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
daubidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
daubijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
daubidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
daubiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
daubidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
daubijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
daubidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
daubijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
daubidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
daubijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
daubidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
daubijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
daubidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
daubijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
daubidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
daubijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
daubidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
daubijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
daubidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
daubi (class-1 present singular weak)
daubiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
daubijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
daubid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: dīefan

Middle English: dēven

Scots: deave

Old Saxon: *dōfian

Middle Low German: dȫven

Old Dutch: *dōven

Middle Dutch: dôven

Dutch: doven

→ West Frisian: dôvje, doovje, dove

Old High German: *touben

Middle High German: töuben

German: täuben

⇒ Old High German: gitouben

From Proto-Germanic *daubijaną. Equivalent to *daub (“deaf, numb”) + *-jan.


daubijan

Old English: *dīefan

⇒ Old English: adīefan

Old Saxon: *dōbian

⇒ Old Saxon: bidōbian

From Proto-Germanic *daubijaną. An intensive verb to *dūban.


skammijan

skammijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
skammijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
skammijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
skammijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
skammiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skammidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skammisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skammidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skammidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skammiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skammidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skammidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skammijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skammidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skammiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skammidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skammijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skammidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skammijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skammidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skammijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skammidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skammijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skammidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skammijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skammidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skammijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skammidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skammijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skammidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skammi (class-1 present singular weak)
skammiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
skammijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
skammid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old High German: skemmen

From Proto-Germanic *skammijaną. Equivalent to *skamm (“short, blunt”) + *-jan.


taitijan

taitijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
taitijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
taitijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
taitijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
taitiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
taitidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
taitisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
taitidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
taitidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
taitiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
taitidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
taitidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
taitijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
taitidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
taitiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
taitidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
taitijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
taitidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
taitijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
taitidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
taitijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
taitidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
taitijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
taitidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
taitijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
taitidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
taitijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
taitidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
taitijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
taitidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
taiti (class-1 present singular weak)
taitiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
taitijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
taitid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: tǣtan

From Proto-Germanic *taitijaną. Equivalent to *tait (“bright, cheerful”) + *-jan.


stōrijan

stōrijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
stōrijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
stōrijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
stōrijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
stōriju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stōridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stōrisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stōridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stōridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stōriþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stōridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stōridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stōrijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stōridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stōriþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stōridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stōrijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stōridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stōrijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stōridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stōrijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stōridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stōrijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stōridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stōrijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stōridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stōrijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stōridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stōrijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stōridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stōri (class-1 present singular weak)
stōriþ (class-1 plural present weak)
stōrijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
stōrid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Frisian: stēra

North Frisian: stiere

From Proto-Germanic *stōrijaną. Equivalent to *stōr (“big, large, strong”) + *-jan.


mikilijan

mikilijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
mikilijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
mikilijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
mikilijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
mikiliju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
mikilidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
mikilisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
mikilidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
mikilidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
mikiliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
mikilidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
mikilidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
mikilijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
mikilidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
mikiliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
mikilidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
mikilijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
mikilidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
mikilijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
mikilidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
mikilijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
mikilidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
mikilijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
mikilidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
mikilijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
mikilidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
mikilijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
mikilidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
mikilijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
mikilidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
mikili (class-1 present singular weak)
mikiliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
mikilijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
mikilid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: mikilian

From Proto-Germanic *mikiljaną. Equivalent to *mikil (“great, large”) + *-jan.


sundrijan

sundrijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
sundrijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
sundrijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
sundrijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
sundriju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
sundridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sundrisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
sundridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sundridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sundriþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
sundridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sundridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sundrijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
sundridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sundriþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
sundridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
sundrijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
sundridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sundrijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
sundridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sundrijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
sundridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sundrijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
sundridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sundrijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
sundridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sundrijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
sundridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
sundrijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
sundridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sundri (class-1 present singular weak)
sundriþ (class-1 plural present weak)
sundrijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
sundrid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: syndrian

Old Saxon: *sundrian

Middle Low German: sünderen

From Proto-Germanic *sundrijaną. Equivalent to *sundr (“separate”) + *-jan.


niþeriʀō

niþiriʀō (masculine nominative singular)
niþiriʀā (feminine nominative singular)
niþiriʀā (neuter nominative singular)
niþiriʀan (accusative masculine singular)
niþiriʀōn (accusative feminine singular)
niþiriʀā (accusative neuter singular)
niþiriʀini (genitive masculine singular)
niþiriʀan (genitive masculine singular)
niþiriʀōn (feminine genitive singular)
niþiriʀini (genitive neuter singular)
niþiriʀan (genitive neuter singular)
niþiriʀini (dative masculine singular)
niþiriʀan (dative masculine singular)
niþiriʀōn (dative feminine singular)
niþiriʀini (dative neuter singular)
niþiriʀan (dative neuter singular)
niþiriʀini (instrumental masculine singular)
niþiriʀan (instrumental masculine singular)
niþiriʀōn (feminine instrumental singular)
niþiriʀini (instrumental neuter singular)
niþiriʀan (instrumental neuter singular)
niþiriʀan (masculine nominative plural)
niþiriʀōn (feminine nominative plural)
niþiriʀōn (neuter nominative plural)
niþiriʀan (accusative masculine plural)
niþiriʀōn (accusative feminine plural)
niþiriʀōn (accusative neuter plural)
niþiriʀanō (genitive masculine plural)
niþiriʀōnō (feminine genitive plural)
niþiriʀanō (genitive neuter plural)
niþiriʀum (dative masculine plural)
niþiriʀōm (dative feminine plural)
niþiriʀum (dative feminine plural)
niþiriʀum (dative neuter plural)
niþiriʀum (instrumental masculine plural)
niþiriʀōm (feminine instrumental plural)
niþiriʀum (feminine instrumental plural)
niþiriʀum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: niþera, niþerra, neoþera
Middle English: nethere, nethur, neyther, neothur, nedere, nedur, nedre, nyther
English: nether
Scots: nether, nather
Yola: nether

desc

Old Frisian: nithera, nithere, nethera, nethere, nedera, nedere, neer

Old Saxon: nitharro

Middle Low German: nēdere, nēder, nider, nedder

Old Dutch: *niderro

Middle Dutch: nedere

Old High German: *niderro

Middle High German: nidere, nider (merged with descendants of nidari)

German: niedere

From *niþer (“down, downwards”) + *-iʀō.

comparative degree of *niþer (“down, downwards”): lower


argijan

argijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
argijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
argijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
argijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
argiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
argidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
argisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
argidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
argidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
argiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
argidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
argidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
argijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
argidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
argiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
argidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
argijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
argidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
argijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
argidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
argijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
argidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
argijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
argidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
argijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
argidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
argijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
argidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
argijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
argidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
argi (class-1 present singular weak)
argiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
argijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
argid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *ergian

Middle Low German: ergen

Old Dutch: *ergen

Middle Dutch: ergen, argen

Dutch: ergen, argen (obsolete or dialectal)

Afrikaans: erg

Old High German: *ergen

Middle High German: ergen

From Proto-Germanic *argijaną. Equivalent to *arg (“unworthy, cowardly”) + *-jan.


naudijan

naudijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
naudijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
naudijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
naudijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
naudiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
naudidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
naudisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
naudidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
naudidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
naudiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
naudidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
naudidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
naudijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
naudidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
naudiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
naudidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
naudijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
naudidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
naudijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
naudidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
naudijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
naudidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
naudijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
naudidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
naudijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
naudidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
naudijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
naudidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
naudijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
naudidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
naudi (class-1 present singular weak)
naudiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
naudijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
naudid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: nīedan, nīdan, nȳdan, nēdan
Middle English: neden, nede, niede
Yola: ee-naate (ppl)

Old Frisian: nēda

West Frisian: needzje

Old Saxon: nōdian

Middle Low German: nȫden, nôden

Old Dutch: *nōdon

Middle Dutch: nôden

Dutch: noden

→ West Frisian: noadzje

Old High German: nōten

Middle High German: nœten

From Proto-Germanic *naudijaną. Equivalent to *naudi (“need”) + *-jan.


līs(ī)

līs (canonical)
ī (romanization)
līs (masculine nominative singular)
līsu (feminine nominative singular)
līs (neuter nominative singular)
līsanā (accusative masculine singular)
līsā (accusative feminine singular)
līs (accusative neuter singular)
līsas (genitive masculine singular)
līseʀā (feminine genitive singular)
līsas (genitive neuter singular)
līsumē (dative masculine singular)
līseʀē (dative feminine singular)
līsumē (dative neuter singular)
līsu (instrumental masculine singular)
līseʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
līsu (instrumental neuter singular)
līsē (masculine nominative plural)
līsō (feminine nominative plural)
līsu (neuter nominative plural)
līsā (accusative masculine plural)
līsā (accusative feminine plural)
līsu (accusative neuter plural)
līseʀō (genitive masculine plural)
līseʀō (feminine genitive plural)
līseʀō (genitive neuter plural)
līsēm (dative masculine plural)
līsum (dative masculine plural)
līsēm (dative feminine plural)
līsum (dative feminine plural)
līsēm (dative neuter plural)
līsum (dative neuter plural)
līsēm (instrumental masculine plural)
līsum (instrumental masculine plural)
līsēm (feminine instrumental plural)
līsum (feminine instrumental plural)
līsēm (instrumental neuter plural)
līsum (instrumental neuter plural)
līsī (masculine nominative singular)
līsiju (feminine nominative singular)
līsī (neuter nominative singular)
līsijanā (accusative masculine singular)
līsijā (accusative feminine singular)
līsī (accusative neuter singular)
līsijas (genitive masculine singular)
līsijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
līsijas (genitive neuter singular)
līsijumē (dative masculine singular)
līsijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
līsijumē (dative neuter singular)
līsiju (instrumental masculine singular)
līsijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
līsiju (instrumental neuter singular)
līsijē (masculine nominative plural)
līsijō (feminine nominative plural)
līsiju (neuter nominative plural)
līsijā (accusative masculine plural)
līsijā (accusative feminine plural)
līsiju (accusative neuter plural)
līsijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
līsijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
līsijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
līsijēm (dative masculine plural)
līsijum (dative masculine plural)
līsijēm (dative feminine plural)
līsijum (dative feminine plural)
līsijēm (dative neuter plural)
līsijum (dative neuter plural)
līsijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
līsijum (instrumental masculine plural)
līsijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
līsijum (feminine instrumental plural)
līsijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
līsijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Frisian: *līse

⇒ Saterland Frisian: liesken (adverb)

Old Saxon: *līsi

Middle Low German: lîse

German Low German: lies

gl

attested as adverb <i class="Latn mention" lang="odt">līsno</i>

Old Dutch: *līsi (attested as adverb līsno)

Middle Dutch: lîse, lins, lijns

Dutch: lijs

Limburgish: lies

attested as adverb <i class="Latn mention" lang="goh">līso</i>

Old High German: *līsi (attested as adverb līso)

Middle High German: līse, linse

German: leise

From Proto-Indo-European *leys- (“small, mild”).


luftijan

luftijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
luftijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
luftijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
luftijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
luftiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
luftidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
luftisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
luftidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
luftidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
luftiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
luftidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
luftidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
luftijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
luftidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
luftiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
luftidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
luftijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
luftidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
luftijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
luftidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
luftijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
luftidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
luftijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
luftidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
luftijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
luftidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
luftijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
luftidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
luftijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
luftidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
lufti (class-1 present singular weak)
luftiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
luftijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
luftid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *luftian

Middle Low German: lüchten

German Low German: luchten, lüchten, (lichten)

i

merger with a derivative of <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*linhtaz</i>

(→ German: lichten) (merger with a derivative of *linhtaz)

Old Dutch: *luften

Middle Dutch: luchten

Dutch: luchten

→ West Frisian: luchte, luchtsje

Old High German: *luften

Middle High German: lüften

German: lüften

→ Saterland Frisian: lüftje

Luxembourgish: lëften

From Proto-Germanic *luftijaną. Equivalent to *luftu (“air”) + *-jan.

to air; put or raise into the air; raise aloft; elevate; lift


gahagōn

gahagōn (infinitive)
gahagōnijas (genitive infinitive)
gahagōnijē (dative infinitive)
gahagōniju (infinitive instrumental)
gahagō (first-person present singular)
gahagōdā (first-person past singular)
gahagōs (present second-person singular)
gahagōdēs (past second-person singular)
gahagōdōs (past second-person singular)
gahagōþ (present singular third-person)
gahagōdē (past singular third-person)
gahagōdā (past singular third-person)
gahagōm (first-person plural present)
gahagōdum (first-person past plural)
gahagōþ (plural present second-person)
gahagōdud (past plural second-person)
gahagōnþ (plural present third-person)
gahagōdun (past plural third-person)
gahagōdī (first-person past singular)
gahagōdī (past second-person singular)
gahagō (present singular third-person)
gahagōdī (past singular third-person)
gahagōdīm (first-person past plural)
gahagōdīd (past plural second-person)
gahagōn (plural present third-person)
gahagōdīn (past plural third-person)
gahagō (present singular)
gahagōþ (plural present)
gahagōndī (participle present)
gahagōd (participle past)

Old English: ġehagian

Old Saxon: *gihagōn

Middle Low German: gehāgen

to comfort, accommodate, please, satisfy


trūwēn

trūwēn (infinitive)
trūwēnijas (genitive infinitive)
trūwēnijē (dative infinitive)
trūwēniju (infinitive instrumental)
trūwē (first-person present singular)
trūw?dā (first-person past singular)
trūwēs (present second-person singular)
trūw?dēs (past second-person singular)
trūwēþ (present singular third-person)
trūw?dē (past singular third-person)
trūw?dā (past singular third-person)
trūwēm (first-person plural present)
trūw?dum (first-person past plural)
trūwēþ (plural present second-person)
trūw?dud (past plural second-person)
trūwēnþ (plural present third-person)
trūw?dun (past plural third-person)
trūw?dī (first-person past singular)
trūw?dī (past second-person singular)
trūwē (present singular third-person)
trūw?dī (past singular third-person)
trūw?dīm (first-person past plural)
trūw?dīd (past plural second-person)
trūwēn (plural present third-person)
trūw?dīn (past plural third-person)
trūwē (present singular)
trūwēþ (plural present)
trūwēndī (participle present)
trūw?d (participle past)

Old English: trūwian
English: trow

Old Frisian: trōwia, trouwia

West Frisian: trouwe, trouje

Old Dutch: *trūwon

Middle Dutch: truwen, trouwen

Dutch: trouwen

⇒ Old Dutch: gitrūwon

Old Saxon: *trūwōn

Middle Low German: trûwen, trouwen

Old High German: trūwēn

Middle High German: truwen, trūen

German: trauen


triuwijan

triuwijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
triuwijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
triuwijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
triuwijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
triuwiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
triuwidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
triuwisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
triuwidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
triuwidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
triuwiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
triuwidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
triuwidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
triuwijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
triuwidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
triuwiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
triuwidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
triuwijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
triuwidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
triuwijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
triuwidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
triuwijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
triuwidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
triuwijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
triuwidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
triuwijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
triuwidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
triuwijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
triuwidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
triuwijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
triuwidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
triuwi (class-1 present singular weak)
triuwiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
triuwijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
triuwid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: trēowan, trīewan, trȳwan

Middle English: trewen, trowen (partially)

English: trow

Scots: trew, trow

Old Frisian: triūwa, trōwa, trouwa

Saterland Frisian: trjoue

West Frisian: trouwe, trouje

Old Dutch: *triuwen

Middle Dutch: truwen, trouwen

Dutch: trouwen

Old Saxon: triuwian

Middle Low German: trûwen, trouwen

Old High German: *triuwen

desc

Middle High German: triuwen, trouwen, trawen, trōwen, tröuwen

German: trauen

⇒ Old High German: gitriuwen

From Proto-Germanic *triwwijaną. Equivalent to *triuwī (“true, faithful”) + *-jan and *treuwu (“fidelity, pledge”) + *-jan.

(transitive) to ally, form a relation with


bilaidijan

bilaidijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
bilaidijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
bilaidijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
bilaidijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
bilaidiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bilaididā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bilaidisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bilaididēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bilaididōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bilaidiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bilaididē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bilaididā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bilaidijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bilaididum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bilaidiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bilaididud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bilaidijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bilaididun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bilaidijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bilaididī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bilaidijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bilaididī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bilaidijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bilaididī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bilaidijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bilaididīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bilaidijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bilaididīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bilaidijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bilaididīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bilaidi (class-1 present singular weak)
bilaidiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
bilaidijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
bilaidid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: belǣdan
Middle English: beleden
English: belead

⇒ Old English: anbelǣdan

⇒ Old English: inbelǣdan

Old Saxon: *bilēdian

Middle Low German: belêden, blêden

Old Dutch: *bilēden

Middle Dutch: beleiden

Dutch: beleiden

Old High German: bileiten

Middle High German: beleiten

German: beleiten


swōl(ī)

swōl (canonical)
ī (romanization)
swōl (masculine nominative singular)
swōlu (feminine nominative singular)
swōl (neuter nominative singular)
swōlanā (accusative masculine singular)
swōlā (accusative feminine singular)
swōl (accusative neuter singular)
swōlas (genitive masculine singular)
swōleʀā (feminine genitive singular)
swōlas (genitive neuter singular)
swōlumē (dative masculine singular)
swōleʀē (dative feminine singular)
swōlumē (dative neuter singular)
swōlu (instrumental masculine singular)
swōleʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
swōlu (instrumental neuter singular)
swōlē (masculine nominative plural)
swōlō (feminine nominative plural)
swōlu (neuter nominative plural)
swōlā (accusative masculine plural)
swōlā (accusative feminine plural)
swōlu (accusative neuter plural)
swōleʀō (genitive masculine plural)
swōleʀō (feminine genitive plural)
swōleʀō (genitive neuter plural)
swōlēm (dative masculine plural)
swōlum (dative masculine plural)
swōlēm (dative feminine plural)
swōlum (dative feminine plural)
swōlēm (dative neuter plural)
swōlum (dative neuter plural)
swōlēm (instrumental masculine plural)
swōlum (instrumental masculine plural)
swōlēm (feminine instrumental plural)
swōlum (feminine instrumental plural)
swōlēm (instrumental neuter plural)
swōlum (instrumental neuter plural)
swōlī (masculine nominative singular)
swōliju (feminine nominative singular)
swōlī (neuter nominative singular)
swōlijanā (accusative masculine singular)
swōlijā (accusative feminine singular)
swōlī (accusative neuter singular)
swōlijas (genitive masculine singular)
swōlijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
swōlijas (genitive neuter singular)
swōlijumē (dative masculine singular)
swōlijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
swōlijumē (dative neuter singular)
swōliju (instrumental masculine singular)
swōlijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
swōliju (instrumental neuter singular)
swōlijē (masculine nominative plural)
swōlijō (feminine nominative plural)
swōliju (neuter nominative plural)
swōlijā (accusative masculine plural)
swōlijā (accusative feminine plural)
swōliju (accusative neuter plural)
swōlijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
swōlijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
swōlijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
swōlijēm (dative masculine plural)
swōlijum (dative masculine plural)
swōlijēm (dative feminine plural)
swōlijum (dative feminine plural)
swōlijēm (dative neuter plural)
swōlijum (dative neuter plural)
swōlijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
swōlijum (instrumental masculine plural)
swōlijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
swōlijum (feminine instrumental plural)
swōlijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
swōlijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Frisian: *swōl

North Frisian: swol, swaul, sweel

West Frisian: swoel, soel

Saterland Frisian: swoul

Old Saxon: *swōli, *swōl

Middle Low German: swôle, swôl, swûl

German Low German: swool, swüül

→ German: schwül

Old Dutch: *swuol

q

Middle Dutch: *swoel (implied by the derived verb verswoelen)

Dutch: zwoel, zoel

From Proto-Germanic *swōl(j)-, vṛddhi gerundive of *swaljaną (“to burn”).


wōkr

wōkr (nominative singular)
wōkkrō (nominative plural)
wōkkrōs (nominative plural)
wōkr (accusative singular)
wōkkrā (accusative plural)
wōkkras (genitive singular)
wōkkrō (genitive plural)
wōkkrē (dative singular)
wōkkrum (dative plural)
wōkkru (instrumental singular)
wōkkrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wōcor f

Old Frisian: wōker m or n

Saterland Frisian: Wouker

West Frisian: woeker

Old Saxon: *wōkar

Middle Low German: wôker, wûker

Old Dutch: wuoker

Middle Dutch: woeker

Dutch: woeker
Afrikaans: woeker

desc

Old High German: wuohhar, wuochar m or n

Middle High German: wuocher

desctree

German: Wucher
→ German Low German: Wucher
→ Saterland Frisian: Wucher

Yiddish: וואָכער (vokher)


ūtgān

Old English: ūtgān
Middle English: utgan, outgan, outgon
English: outgo
Scots: outgae

Old Frisian: *ūtgān

West Frisian: útgean

Old Saxon: *ūtgān

Middle Low German: ûtgân

German Low German: utgahn

Old Dutch: ūtgān

desc

Middle Dutch: ûtegâen, utegaen, uutgaen, uytgaen

Dutch: uitgaan

Old High German: ūzgān, ūzgēn

Middle High German: ūzgān, ūzgēn

German: ausgehen


grānō

grānō (nominative singular)
grānan (nominative plural)
grānan (accusative singular)
grānan (accusative plural)
grānini (genitive singular)
grānan (genitive singular)
grānanō (genitive plural)
grānini (dative singular)
grānan (dative singular)
grānum (dative plural)
grānini (instrumental singular)
grānan (instrumental singular)
grānum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *grāno

Middle Low German: grân

→ Swedish: gran

Old Dutch: *grāno

Middle Dutch: graen, grane

desctree

Dutch: graan
Afrikaans: graan
→ West Frisian: graan

Old High German: grāno

Borrowed from Latin grānum. Doublet of *korn.


silikō

silikō (nominative singular)
silikan (nominative plural)
silikan (accusative singular)
silikan (accusative plural)
silikini (genitive singular)
silikan (genitive singular)
silikanō (genitive plural)
silikini (dative singular)
silikan (dative singular)
silikum (dative plural)
silikini (instrumental singular)
silikan (instrumental singular)
silikum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: siliko

→ Old Norse: silki
Icelandic: silki
Faroese: silki
Norwegian Bokmål: silke
Norwegian Nynorsk: silke
Swedish: silke
Danish: silke
→ Northern Sami: silki

Old High German: silihho

→ Latvian: šilks (dialectal)

→ Old East Slavic: шьлкъ (šĭlkŭ)

Belarusian: шоўк (šoŭk)

desc

Russian: шёлк (šolk), (dialectal) шулк (šulk) (see there for further descendants)

Ukrainian: шовк (šovk)

→ Old Lithuanian:

Lithuanian: šil̃kas

Samogitian: sėlks

→ Old Prussian: silkas

Borrowed from Medieval Latin sirica, serica (“silk fabric”), from Late Latin sērica (“silk”), along side *seluk, *seruk. The change -r- to -l- is unexplained.


fraliggjan

fraliggjan (infinitive)
fraliggjannjas (genitive infinitive)
fraliggjannjē (dative infinitive)
fraliggjannju (infinitive instrumental)
fraliggju (first-person present singular)
fralag (first-person past singular)
fraligiʀi (present second-person singular)
fralāgī (past second-person singular)
fraligidi (present singular third-person)
fralag (past singular third-person)
fraliggjum (first-person plural present)
fralāgum (first-person past plural)
fraligid (plural present second-person)
fralāgud (past plural second-person)
fraliggjand (plural present third-person)
fralāgun (past plural third-person)
fraliggjē (first-person present singular)
fralāgī (first-person past singular)
fraliggjēs (present second-person singular)
fraliggjē (present singular third-person)
fralāgī (past singular third-person)
fraliggjēm (first-person plural present)
fralāgīm (first-person past plural)
fraliggjēþ (plural present second-person)
fralāgīd (past plural second-person)
fraliggjēn (plural present third-person)
fralāgīn (past plural third-person)
fraligi (present singular)
fraligid (plural present)
fraliggjandī (participle present)
fralegan (participle past)

desctree

Old English: forliċġan
Middle English: forliggen, forlien
English: forlie

Old Frisian: *forlidzia

Saterland Frisian: ferläze

West Frisian: ferlizze

Old Saxon: *farliggian

Middle Low German: vorliggen, vörliggen

German Low German: verliggen

Old Dutch: *farliggen

Middle Dutch: verliggen

Dutch: verliggen

Afrikaans: verlê

Old High German: firliggen

Middle High German: verligen

German: verliegen


handulā

handulā (nominative singular)
handulōn (nominative plural)
handulōn (accusative singular)
handulōn (accusative plural)
handulōn (genitive singular)
handulōnō (genitive plural)
handulōn (dative singular)
handulōm (dative plural)
handulum (dative plural)
handulōn (instrumental singular)
handulōm (instrumental plural)
handulum (instrumental plural)

Old English: handle
Middle English: handel, hondel
English: handle
→ Dutch: hendel
Scots: handil, handill, handle

Old Dutch: *handala, *handalo

Middle Dutch: handel m

Dutch: handel m or n

Old High German: *hantala, *hantalo

Middle High German: hantel m or f

German: Hantel f


handugripi

handugripi (nominative singular)
handugripī (nominative plural)
handugripi (accusative singular)
handugripī (accusative plural)
handugripī (genitive singular)
handugrippjō (genitive plural)
handugripī (dative singular)
handugripim (dative plural)
handugrippjum (dative plural)
handugripī (instrumental singular)
handugripim (instrumental plural)
handugrippjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: handgripe
Middle English: handegrip, hand grip
English: handgrip
Scots: handigrip

Old Frisian: *handgrip, *hondgrip

Saterland Frisian: Hondgríep

West Frisian: hângreep

Old Saxon: *handgripi

Middle Low German: handgrepe, handgrēpe

German Low German: Handgreep

Old Dutch: *hantgripi

Middle Dutch: handgrepe

Dutch: handgreep

Old High German: hantgrif

gl

attested only as hantgrift <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr>

Middle High German: *hantgrif (attested only as hantgrift f)

German: Handgriff


arō

arō (nominative singular)
aran (nominative plural)
aran (accusative singular)
aran (accusative plural)
arini (genitive singular)
aran (genitive singular)
aranō (genitive plural)
arini (dative singular)
aran (dative singular)
arum (dative plural)
arini (instrumental singular)
aran (instrumental singular)
arum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: earn
Middle English: ern
English: erne
Scots: earn, ern, erne

Old Frisian: *ern

North Frisian: earn, iarn

West Frisian: earn

Old Saxon: aro
Middle Low German: ārn, arne, arnt, arndt, aren, ārent
Low German: Aar, Arend

Old Dutch: *aro, *aran

Middle Dutch: āer, āren

Dutch: aar, arend

Old High German: aro
Middle High German: are, ar
German: Aar (poetic)


gurgulā

gurgulā (nominative singular)
gurgulōn (nominative plural)
gurgulōn (accusative singular)
gurgulōn (accusative plural)
gurgulōn (genitive singular)
gurgulōnō (genitive plural)
gurgulōn (dative singular)
gurgulōm (dative plural)
gurgulum (dative plural)
gurgulōn (instrumental singular)
gurgulōm (instrumental plural)
gurgulum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *gurgula

Middle Low German: görgel

Old Dutch: *gurgula

Middle Dutch: gorgel

Dutch: gorgel

Afrikaans: gorrel

Old High German: gurgula

Middle High German: gurgele, gurgel

German: Gurgel

Borrowed from Latin gurguliō (“windpipe, gullet”). Doublet of *kelā (“throat”).


galōfō

galōfō (nominative singular)
galōfan (nominative plural)
galōfan (accusative singular)
galōfan (accusative plural)
galōfini (genitive singular)
galōfan (genitive singular)
galōfanō (genitive plural)
galōfini (dative singular)
galōfan (dative singular)
galōfum (dative plural)
galōfini (instrumental singular)
galōfan (instrumental singular)
galōfum (instrumental plural)

Old English: glōf, glōfe f, glōfa m
Middle English: glofe, glove
English: glove
Scots: gluve, gluive

From Proto-Germanic *galōfô. Equivalent to *ga- + *lōfō (“palm of the hand”).


kappellā

kappellā (nominative singular)
kappellōn (nominative plural)
kappellōn (accusative singular)
kappellōn (accusative plural)
kappellōn (genitive singular)
kappellōnō (genitive plural)
kappellōn (dative singular)
kappellōm (dative plural)
kappellum (dative plural)
kappellōn (instrumental singular)
kappellōm (instrumental plural)
kappellum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: kapelle

West Frisian: kapel

Old Saxon: *kapella

Middle Low German: kabel

→ Estonian: kabel

→ Old Norse: kapella

Danish: kapel

Norwegian Bokmål: kapell

Norwegian Nynorsk: kapell

Old Swedish: cappell

Swedish: kapell
→ Finnish: kappeli

Old Dutch: *capella

Middle Dutch: capelle

Dutch: kapel
Afrikaans: kapel
Berbice Creole Dutch: kampele
→ Indonesian: kapel
→ Papiamentu: kapèl, kapel
→ Sranan Tongo: kapelka

Limburgish: kepèl

⇒ Old Dutch: Westcapella

Old High German: kappella, kapella

desc

Middle High German: kappelle, kapelle, kappel

German: Kapelle

Borrowed from Early Medieval Latin cappella (“chapel”).


stopplā

stopplā (nominative singular)
stopplōn (nominative plural)
stopplōn (accusative singular)
stopplōn (accusative plural)
stopplōn (genitive singular)
stopplōnō (genitive plural)
stopplōn (dative singular)
stopplōm (dative plural)
stopplum (dative plural)
stopplōn (instrumental singular)
stopplōm (instrumental plural)
stopplum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *stoppala

Middle Low German: stoppele, stōpele

→ German: Stoppel

Old Dutch: *stoppala

Middle Dutch: stoppel, stoppele

Dutch: stoppel

Old High German: stupfila, stupfala

Middle High German: stupfel

German: Stupfel (dialectal, Upper German)

Borrowed from Late Latin stopla, stupla, from Latin stipula (“stalk (of a plant)”).


handuskōh

handuskōh (nominative singular)
handuskōhō (nominative plural)
handuskōhōs (nominative plural)
handuskōh (accusative singular)
handuskōhā (accusative plural)
handuskōhas (genitive singular)
handuskōhō (genitive plural)
handuskōhē (dative singular)
handuskōhum (dative plural)
handuskōhu (instrumental singular)
handuskōhum (instrumental plural)

Old English: handsċiō

Old Frisian: handskōch, hondskōch

Old Saxon: handskōh

desc

Middle Low German: hantschô, hansche, hantsche, hentsche, hanske, hantske, hantskô, hantze, hentze

Plautdietsch: Haunschkje

desctree

→ Old Norse: hanzki
Danish: handske
Faroese: handski
Icelandic: hanski
Norwegian (Nynorsk): hanske
Norwegian (Bokmål): hanske
Swedish: handske
→ Finnish: hansikas, hanska

Old Dutch: *hantscuoh, *hantscuo

desc

Middle Dutch: hantsco, hantscoe, hantsc, hansce, antscoen

desctree

Dutch: handschoen, (dialectal) hantske, hanske, hantse, hanse
Afrikaans: handskoen
→ Sotho: hanskunu
Negerhollands: hansko, hantskuen
→ Indonesian: handschoen
→ Indonesian: sarung tangan (calque)
→ Papiamentu: hanskun, handschoen

Old High German: hantskuoh

desc

Middle High German: hantschuoch, hentschuoch, hantschuohe, hantsche, hentsche, hansche

German: Handschuh

Luxembourgish: Händsch


furhisti

furhisti (nominative singular)
furhistī (nominative plural)
furhisti (accusative singular)
furhistī (accusative plural)
furhistī (genitive singular)
furhisttjō (genitive plural)
furhistī (dative singular)
furhistim (dative plural)
furhisttjum (dative plural)
furhistī (instrumental singular)
furhistim (instrumental plural)
furhisttjum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *forhist, forest, forst m

Middle Low German: vorst, vōrst, voerst, vurst, varst, forst m

German Low German: Forst m

Old Dutch: furost, furst (in placenames); forest, voorst, vorst

Middle Dutch: forest, voerst, vorst m or f

Dutch: vorst m

Old High German: forst m; forsti f

Middle High German: forst, vorst m; vorste f

German: Forst m

→ Swedish: forst-

→ Early Medieval Latin: forestis (see there for further descendants)

Perhaps a blend of *furhiþi (“forest”) + *hursti (“thicket, grove”).


mōder

mōder (nominative singular)
mōdar (nominative plural)
mōdar (accusative singular)
mōdar (accusative plural)
mōdur (genitive singular)
mōdrō (genitive plural)
mōdri (dative singular)
mōdrum (dative plural)
mōdri (instrumental singular)
mōdrum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: mōdor
Middle English: moder
English: mother, mither (Scotland and Northern England)
Australian Kriol: motha
→ Japanese: マザー (mazā)
→ Korean: 마더 (madeo)
Scots: mither, medder, midder, moder, moeder (Shetland), mideer, mother
Yola: moodher, moother, moothar

Old Frisian: mōder

North Frisian: (Sytl) Mooter

desc

Saterland Frisian: Múur, Mouer (Strukelje)

West Frisian: moer

desctree

Old Saxon: mōdar
Middle Low German: mōder
Low German: Moder, Mor

Old Dutch: muoder
Middle Dutch: moeder
Dutch: moeder
Afrikaans: moeder
Negerhollands: muder, moeder
Limburgish: moder
Zealandic: moeder

Old High German: muoter
Middle High German: muoter
Alemannic German: Mueter, Muetter, Mueder
Swabian: Muadr, Mudder, Muddr, Muadar, Muddar
Walser: muater, möter
Bavarian: muatar
Cimbrian: muatar, muutar (Sette Comuni)
Central Franconian: Moder (obsolete)
Hunsrik: Mutter, muter (Portuguese-based orthography)
Kirchröadsj: Modder
Luxembourgish: Mudder
East Central German:
Upper Saxon German: Muddor
Vilamovian: mütter
East Franconian: Motter
German: Mutter, Mueter, Muetter, Muoter, Muotter, Muter
→ Central Franconian: Motter
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: muttern
Rhine Franconian: Modder, Mudder, Morrer, Murrer
Frankfurterisch: [mud̥æ̆]
Pennsylvania German: Mudder
Yiddish: מוטער (muter)


smaikōn

smaikōn (infinitive)
smaikōnijas (genitive infinitive)
smaikōnijē (dative infinitive)
smaikōniju (infinitive instrumental)
smaikō (first-person present singular)
smaikōdā (first-person past singular)
smaikōs (present second-person singular)
smaikōdēs (past second-person singular)
smaikōdōs (past second-person singular)
smaikōþ (present singular third-person)
smaikōdē (past singular third-person)
smaikōdā (past singular third-person)
smaikōm (first-person plural present)
smaikōdum (first-person past plural)
smaikōþ (plural present second-person)
smaikōdud (past plural second-person)
smaikōnþ (plural present third-person)
smaikōdun (past plural third-person)
smaikōdī (first-person past singular)
smaikōdī (past second-person singular)
smaikō (present singular third-person)
smaikōdī (past singular third-person)
smaikōdīm (first-person past plural)
smaikōdīd (past plural second-person)
smaikōn (plural present third-person)
smaikōdīn (past plural third-person)
smaikō (present singular)
smaikōþ (plural present)
smaikōndī (participle present)
smaikōd (participle past)

Old English: smācian

Old Frisian: *smākia, *smēkia

Saterland Frisian: smookje, smeekje

West Frisian: smeekje

Old Saxon: *smēkōn

desc

Middle Low German: smêken, smeiken, smêchen, smeichen

⇒ Middle Low German: smêkinge, smeikinge

→ Middle English: smekynge

Old Dutch: *smēkon

Middle Dutch: smeken

Dutch: smeken

Afrikaans: smek

→ West Frisian: smeke

Old High German: *smeihhōn, *smeichōn

Middle High German: smeichen

German: schmeichen

From Proto-Indo-European *smēyg- (“fine, delicate”), from *smē- (“to smear, wipe, rub”).

der

smeicheln

Middle Low German: *smêkelen, *smeikelen, smêchelen, smeichelen


hrūm

hrūm (nominative singular)
hrūmō (nominative plural)
hrūmōs (nominative plural)
hrūm (accusative singular)
hrūmā (accusative plural)
hrūmas (genitive singular)
hrūmō (genitive plural)
hrūmē (dative singular)
hrūmum (dative plural)
hrūmu (instrumental singular)
hrūmum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hrūm

⇒ Old English: hrūmiġ

Old Frisian: *hrūm

⇒ Old Frisian: hrūmech, hrūmich

Uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Germanic *hrūmaz, an alteration of *hrīmaz (“hoarfrost”).


higurō

higurō (nominative singular)
higuran (nominative plural)
higuran (accusative singular)
higuran (accusative plural)
higurini (genitive singular)
higuran (genitive singular)
higuranō (genitive plural)
higurini (dative singular)
higuran (dative singular)
higurum (dative plural)
higurini (instrumental singular)
higuran (instrumental singular)
higurum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: higera; higere, higre f
Middle English: heghwalle, hygh-whele, eywal (partially, contributing the first component)
English: (dialectal) haihow, heighaw, high hoe, haho (“woodpecker”)

Old Frisian: *higera, *hegera

⇒? Saterland Frisian: Häägakster

Old Saxon: *higuro; higura f

desc

Middle Low German: hēger, heiger, hegger m

German Low German: Heger m

Old Dutch: *higaro

Middle Dutch: heeger, heiger, eiger

Dutch: heiger

Old High German: *hegaro, *hegar

Middle High German: heger m

From Proto-Indo-European *kik- (“jay”), or from Proto-Indo-European *k(r)ikr-, from the screeching sound that birds make.


bitūnijan

bitūnijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
bitūnijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
bitūnijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
bitūnijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
bitūniju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bitūnidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bitūnisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bitūnidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bitūnidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bitūniþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bitūnidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bitūnidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bitūnijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bitūnidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bitūniþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bitūnidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bitūnijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bitūnidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bitūnijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bitūnidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bitūnijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bitūnidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bitūnijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bitūnidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bitūnijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bitūnidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bitūnijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bitūnidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bitūnijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bitūnidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bitūni (class-1 present singular weak)
bitūniþ (class-1 plural present weak)
bitūnijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
bitūnid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: betȳnan
Middle English: bitunen
English: betine

Old Saxon: *bitūnian

Middle Low German: betûnen, betü̂nen

Old Dutch: *bitūnen

Middle Dutch: betunen

Dutch: betuinen

Old High German: bizūnen

Middle High German: beziunen, bezūnen

German: bezäunen


abanstīgōn

abanstīgōn (infinitive)
abanstīgōnijas (genitive infinitive)
abanstīgōnijē (dative infinitive)
abanstīgōniju (infinitive instrumental)
abanstīgō (first-person present singular)
abanstīgōdā (first-person past singular)
abanstīgōs (present second-person singular)
abanstīgōdēs (past second-person singular)
abanstīgōdōs (past second-person singular)
abanstīgōþ (present singular third-person)
abanstīgōdē (past singular third-person)
abanstīgōdā (past singular third-person)
abanstīgōm (first-person plural present)
abanstīgōdum (first-person past plural)
abanstīgōþ (plural present second-person)
abanstīgōdud (past plural second-person)
abanstīgōnþ (plural present third-person)
abanstīgōdun (past plural third-person)
abanstīgōdī (first-person past singular)
abanstīgōdī (past second-person singular)
abanstīgō (present singular third-person)
abanstīgōdī (past singular third-person)
abanstīgōdīm (first-person past plural)
abanstīgōdīd (past plural second-person)
abanstīgōn (plural present third-person)
abanstīgōdīn (past plural third-person)
abanstīgō (present singular)
abanstīgōþ (plural present)
abanstīgōndī (participle present)
abanstīgōd (participle past)

Old English: æfstigian, æfestigian

Old High German: abanstīgōn


ubirmōdīgōn

ubirmōdīgōn (infinitive)
ubirmōdīgōnijas (genitive infinitive)
ubirmōdīgōnijē (dative infinitive)
ubirmōdīgōniju (infinitive instrumental)
ubirmōdīgō (first-person present singular)
ubirmōdīgōdā (first-person past singular)
ubirmōdīgōs (present second-person singular)
ubirmōdīgōdēs (past second-person singular)
ubirmōdīgōdōs (past second-person singular)
ubirmōdīgōþ (present singular third-person)
ubirmōdīgōdē (past singular third-person)
ubirmōdīgōdā (past singular third-person)
ubirmōdīgōm (first-person plural present)
ubirmōdīgōdum (first-person past plural)
ubirmōdīgōþ (plural present second-person)
ubirmōdīgōdud (past plural second-person)
ubirmōdīgōnþ (plural present third-person)
ubirmōdīgōdun (past plural third-person)
ubirmōdīgōdī (first-person past singular)
ubirmōdīgōdī (past second-person singular)
ubirmōdīgō (present singular third-person)
ubirmōdīgōdī (past singular third-person)
ubirmōdīgōdīm (first-person past plural)
ubirmōdīgōdīd (past plural second-person)
ubirmōdīgōn (plural present third-person)
ubirmōdīgōdīn (past plural third-person)
ubirmōdīgō (present singular)
ubirmōdīgōþ (plural present)
ubirmōdīgōndī (participle present)
ubirmōdīgōd (participle past)

Old English: ofermōdigian, ofermōdgian

Old Saxon: *ovarmōdigōn

desc

Middle Low German: ȫvermȫdigen, ōvermüdigen, ȫvermüdigen, āvermüdigen

Old Dutch: *ovirmuodigon

Middle Dutch: ōvermoedigen

Dutch: overmoedigen (obsolete)

Old High German: ubarmuotigōn

From *ubirmōdīg (“overconfident”) + *-ōn.


skākijan

skākijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
skākijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
skākijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
skākijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
skākiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skākidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skākisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skākidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skākidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skākiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skākidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skākidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skākijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skākidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skākiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skākidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skākijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skākidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skākijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skākidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skākijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skākidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skākijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skākidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skākijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skākidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skākijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skākidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skākijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skākidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skāki (class-1 present singular weak)
skākiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
skākijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
skākid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Frisian: skeka (became conflated with *skakan)

Old Saxon: *skēkian

Middle Low German: schêken

Old Dutch: *skāken

Middle Dutch: schâken (became conflated with *skakan)

Dutch: schaken (dated)

Old High German: skāhhen


skākōn

skākōn (infinitive)
skākōnijas (genitive infinitive)
skākōnijē (dative infinitive)
skākōniju (infinitive instrumental)
skākō (first-person present singular)
skākōdā (first-person past singular)
skākōs (present second-person singular)
skākōdēs (past second-person singular)
skākōdōs (past second-person singular)
skākōþ (present singular third-person)
skākōdē (past singular third-person)
skākōdā (past singular third-person)
skākōm (first-person plural present)
skākōdum (first-person past plural)
skākōþ (plural present second-person)
skākōdud (past plural second-person)
skākōnþ (plural present third-person)
skākōdun (past plural third-person)
skākōdī (first-person past singular)
skākōdī (past second-person singular)
skākō (present singular third-person)
skākōdī (past singular third-person)
skākōdīm (first-person past plural)
skākōdīd (past plural second-person)
skākōn (plural present third-person)
skākōdīn (past plural third-person)
skākō (present singular)
skākōþ (plural present)
skākōndī (participle present)
skākōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *skākōn

Middle Low German: schâken

Old Dutch: *skācon

Dutch: schaken (dated)

Old High German: skāhhōn

Middle High German: schāchen


balwīg

balwīg (masculine nominative singular)
balwīgu (feminine nominative singular)
balwīg (neuter nominative singular)
balwīganā (accusative masculine singular)
balwīgā (accusative feminine singular)
balwīg (accusative neuter singular)
balwīgas (genitive masculine singular)
balwīgeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
balwīgas (genitive neuter singular)
balwīgumē (dative masculine singular)
balwīgeʀē (dative feminine singular)
balwīgumē (dative neuter singular)
balwīgu (instrumental masculine singular)
balwīgeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
balwīgu (instrumental neuter singular)
balwīgē (masculine nominative plural)
balwīgō (feminine nominative plural)
balwīgu (neuter nominative plural)
balwīgā (accusative masculine plural)
balwīgā (accusative feminine plural)
balwīgu (accusative neuter plural)
balwīgeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
balwīgeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
balwīgeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
balwīgēm (dative masculine plural)
balwīgum (dative masculine plural)
balwīgēm (dative feminine plural)
balwīgum (dative feminine plural)
balwīgēm (dative neuter plural)
balwīgum (dative neuter plural)
balwīgēm (instrumental masculine plural)
balwīgum (instrumental masculine plural)
balwīgēm (feminine instrumental plural)
balwīgum (feminine instrumental plural)
balwīgēm (instrumental neuter plural)
balwīgum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: *bealwiġ

Middle English: bali, beali

Old Dutch: *balwīg

Middle Dutch: *balich

Dutch: balsch, bals, balt

Old High German: balwīg, balawīg

gl

merged with Latin <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">malus</i>

⇒ Frankish: *malwīg (merged with Latin malus)

>? Old French: (influenced) malveis (see there for further descendants)


Dōnauwjā

Dōnauwjā (nominative singular)
Dōnauwjōn (nominative plural)
Dōnauwjōn (accusative singular)
Dōnauwjōn (accusative plural)
Dōnauwjōn (genitive singular)
Dōnauwjōn (dative singular)
Dōnauwjōn (instrumental singular)

q

Old English: Dōnua (hapax att. c. 890, possibly actually from Old Cornish or Old Saxon)

Old Saxon: *Dōnūa

desc

Middle Low German: Dônouw, Dônouwe, Dunouw, Dunouwe

→ Old Norse: Dónua

Old Dutch: *Donouwa

Middle Dutch: Danouwe, Dunouwe, Denouwe

Old High German: Tuonouwa, Duonowa, Tuonouwe

Middle High German: Tuonouwe, Tuonowe, Tuonawe, Tunaw

desctree

German: Donau, Dunau, Tonau, Dhonau, Thonau, Donaw, Dunaw, Dhonaw, Tonaw, Tunaw, Thonaw, Thunaw (obsolete)
→ Chinese: 多瑙 (Duōnǎo)
→ Danish: Donau
→ Dutch: Donau
→ Icelandic: Dóná
→ Japanese: ドナウ (Donau)
→ Low German: Donau
→ Norwegian Bokmål: Donau
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: Donau
→ Swedish: Donau


balwadādi

balwadādi (nominative singular)
balwadādī (nominative plural)
balwadādi (accusative singular)
balwadādī (accusative plural)
balwadādī (genitive singular)
balwadādijō (genitive plural)
balwadādī (dative singular)
balwadādim (dative plural)
balwadādijum (dative plural)
balwadādī (instrumental singular)
balwadādim (instrumental plural)
balwadādijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bealodǣd, bealudǣd

Old Saxon: baludād

Old Dutch: *balodāt

Middle Dutch: *baldât, *baledât

⇒ Middle Dutch: baldâdich, *baledâdich

Dutch: baldadig

⇒ Middle Dutch: baeldadichede

Old High German: balotāt

From *balwa- (“mal-, mis-”) + *dādi (“deed”), possible calque of Latin maleficium.


singrōnijā

singrōnijā (nominative singular)
singrōnijōn (nominative plural)
singrōnijōn (accusative singular)
singrōnijōn (accusative plural)
singrōnijōn (genitive singular)
singrōnijōnō (genitive plural)
singrōnijōn (dative singular)
singrōnijōm (dative plural)
singrōnijum (dative plural)
singrōnijōn (instrumental singular)
singrōnijōm (instrumental plural)
singrōnijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: singrēne f

Middle English: singrene, syngrene

English: singreen, sengreen

Old Saxon: *singrōnia f, *singrōni n

desc

Middle Low German: singrö̂ne, sintgrö̂ne n

→ Danish: singrøn

→ Swedish: singrön, sinngrön, sigrön

Old Dutch: *singrōni, *sinogrōni

Middle Dutch: singroene, sindegroen n

Dutch: senegroen, zenegroen n

Old High German: singruona f

Middle High German: singrüene n

German: Singrün, Sinngrün n


balwa-

Old English: bealu-

Old Saxon: balu-

Old Dutch: balo-

Old High German: balo-

⇒ Old High German: balorāt

Middle High German: balrāt

From *balu (“bad, evil”), possibly a calque of Late Latin male-, from male (“badly, wrongly”).


balwahauʀīg

balwahauʀīg (masculine nominative singular)
balwahauʀīgu (feminine nominative singular)
balwahauʀīg (neuter nominative singular)
balwahauʀīganā (accusative masculine singular)
balwahauʀīgā (accusative feminine singular)
balwahauʀīg (accusative neuter singular)
balwahauʀīgas (genitive masculine singular)
balwahauʀīgeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
balwahauʀīgas (genitive neuter singular)
balwahauʀīgumē (dative masculine singular)
balwahauʀīgeʀē (dative feminine singular)
balwahauʀīgumē (dative neuter singular)
balwahauʀīgu (instrumental masculine singular)
balwahauʀīgeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
balwahauʀīgu (instrumental neuter singular)
balwahauʀīgē (masculine nominative plural)
balwahauʀīgō (feminine nominative plural)
balwahauʀīgu (neuter nominative plural)
balwahauʀīgā (accusative masculine plural)
balwahauʀīgā (accusative feminine plural)
balwahauʀīgu (accusative neuter plural)
balwahauʀīgeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
balwahauʀīgeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
balwahauʀīgeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
balwahauʀīgēm (dative masculine plural)
balwahauʀīgum (dative masculine plural)
balwahauʀīgēm (dative feminine plural)
balwahauʀīgum (dative feminine plural)
balwahauʀīgēm (dative neuter plural)
balwahauʀīgum (dative neuter plural)
balwahauʀīgēm (instrumental masculine plural)
balwahauʀīgum (instrumental masculine plural)
balwahauʀīgēm (feminine instrumental plural)
balwahauʀīgum (feminine instrumental plural)
balwahauʀīgēm (instrumental neuter plural)
balwahauʀīgum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Saxon: *baluhōrīg

Middle Low German: *balhȫrich, *balhorich

German Low German: balhörig

Old Dutch: *balohōrīg

Middle Dutch: balhôrich

desctree

Dutch: balorig
→ Saterland Frisian: balôrig
→ West Frisian: baloarich

Old High German: *baluhōrīg

Middle High German: balhœric

From *balwa- (“mal-, mis-”) + *hauʀīg (“obedient”).


balwastiurīg

balwastiurīg (masculine nominative singular)
balwastiurīgu (feminine nominative singular)
balwastiurīg (neuter nominative singular)
balwastiurīganā (accusative masculine singular)
balwastiurīgā (accusative feminine singular)
balwastiurīg (accusative neuter singular)
balwastiurīgas (genitive masculine singular)
balwastiurīgeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
balwastiurīgas (genitive neuter singular)
balwastiurīgumē (dative masculine singular)
balwastiurīgeʀē (dative feminine singular)
balwastiurīgumē (dative neuter singular)
balwastiurīgu (instrumental masculine singular)
balwastiurīgeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
balwastiurīgu (instrumental neuter singular)
balwastiurīgē (masculine nominative plural)
balwastiurīgō (feminine nominative plural)
balwastiurīgu (neuter nominative plural)
balwastiurīgā (accusative masculine plural)
balwastiurīgā (accusative feminine plural)
balwastiurīgu (accusative neuter plural)
balwastiurīgeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
balwastiurīgeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
balwastiurīgeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
balwastiurīgēm (dative masculine plural)
balwastiurīgum (dative masculine plural)
balwastiurīgēm (dative feminine plural)
balwastiurīgum (dative feminine plural)
balwastiurīgēm (dative neuter plural)
balwastiurīgum (dative neuter plural)
balwastiurīgēm (instrumental masculine plural)
balwastiurīgum (instrumental masculine plural)
balwastiurīgēm (feminine instrumental plural)
balwastiurīgum (feminine instrumental plural)
balwastiurīgēm (instrumental neuter plural)
balwastiurīgum (instrumental neuter plural)

desc

Old Frisian: *balustiōrich, *balustiūrich

West Frisian: balstjoerich, balstjurrich

Old Saxon: *balustiurīg

Middle Low German: balstǖrich

German Low German: balstürig

→ Danish: balstyrig

→ Norwegian: balstyrig

→ Swedish: bålsturig

Old Dutch: *balostiurīg

Middle Dutch: balstûrich, balstuyrich

Dutch: balsturig

From *balwa- (“mal-, mis-”) + *stiurijan (“to steer, to direct”) + *-g.


balwahugdīg

balwahugdīg (masculine nominative singular)
balwahugdīgu (feminine nominative singular)
balwahugdīg (neuter nominative singular)
balwahugdīganā (accusative masculine singular)
balwahugdīgā (accusative feminine singular)
balwahugdīg (accusative neuter singular)
balwahugdīgas (genitive masculine singular)
balwahugdīgeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
balwahugdīgas (genitive neuter singular)
balwahugdīgumē (dative masculine singular)
balwahugdīgeʀē (dative feminine singular)
balwahugdīgumē (dative neuter singular)
balwahugdīgu (instrumental masculine singular)
balwahugdīgeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
balwahugdīgu (instrumental neuter singular)
balwahugdīgē (masculine nominative plural)
balwahugdīgō (feminine nominative plural)
balwahugdīgu (neuter nominative plural)
balwahugdīgā (accusative masculine plural)
balwahugdīgā (accusative feminine plural)
balwahugdīgu (accusative neuter plural)
balwahugdīgeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
balwahugdīgeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
balwahugdīgeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
balwahugdīgēm (dative masculine plural)
balwahugdīgum (dative masculine plural)
balwahugdīgēm (dative feminine plural)
balwahugdīgum (dative feminine plural)
balwahugdīgēm (dative neuter plural)
balwahugdīgum (dative neuter plural)
balwahugdīgēm (instrumental masculine plural)
balwahugdīgum (instrumental masculine plural)
balwahugdīgēm (feminine instrumental plural)
balwahugdīgum (feminine instrumental plural)
balwahugdīgēm (instrumental neuter plural)
balwahugdīgum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: bealuhyġdiġ, bealohȳdiġ

Old Saxon: baluhugdig

From *balwa- (“mal-, mis-”) + *hugdi (“mind, reason”) + *-g.


balwamundu

balwamundu (nominative singular)
balwamundō (nominative plural)
balwamundā (accusative singular)
balwamundā (accusative plural)
balwamundā (genitive singular)
balwamundō (genitive plural)
balwamundē (dative singular)
balwamundōm (dative plural)
balwamundum (dative plural)
balwamundu (instrumental singular)
balwamundōm (instrumental plural)
balwamundum (instrumental plural)

desc

Old Frisian: balumund, balumunda, balumond, balumonda

Old Saxon: *balumunda

Middle Low German: *balmunt

⇒ Middle Low German: balmundich, belmundich

Old High German: balomunt

Middle High German: balmunt

⇒ Middle High German: balmunden

⇒ Middle High German: verbalmunden

→ Latin: babmundo, bathmonio [c. 500 CE, Lex salica]

From *balwa- (“mal-, mis-”) + *mundu (“protection”).


traddjōn

traddjōn (infinitive)
traddjōnijas (genitive infinitive)
traddjōnijē (dative infinitive)
traddjōniju (infinitive instrumental)
traddjō (first-person present singular)
traddjōdā (first-person past singular)
traddjōs (present second-person singular)
traddjōdēs (past second-person singular)
traddjōdōs (past second-person singular)
traddjōþ (present singular third-person)
traddjōdē (past singular third-person)
traddjōdā (past singular third-person)
traddjōm (first-person plural present)
traddjōdum (first-person past plural)
traddjōþ (plural present second-person)
traddjōdud (past plural second-person)
traddjōnþ (plural present third-person)
traddjōdun (past plural third-person)
traddjōdī (first-person past singular)
traddjōdī (past second-person singular)
traddjō (present singular third-person)
traddjōdī (past singular third-person)
traddjōdīm (first-person past plural)
traddjōdīd (past plural second-person)
traddjōn (plural present third-person)
traddjōdīn (past plural third-person)
traddjō (present singular)
traddjōþ (plural present)
traddjōndī (participle present)
traddjōd (participle past)

Old English: treddian

Middle English: tredden

Old Saxon: *treddiōn

Middle Low German: tredden

Old Dutch: *treddon

Middle Dutch: tredden

Old High German: trettōn

Middle High German: tretten


balwawerk

balwawerk (nominative singular)
balwawerku (nominative plural)
balwawerk (accusative singular)
balwawerku (accusative plural)
balwawerkas (genitive singular)
balwawerkō (genitive plural)
balwawerkē (dative singular)
balwawerkum (dative plural)
balwawerku (instrumental singular)
balwawerkum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bealuweorc

Old Saxon: baluwerk

From *balwa- (“mal-, mis-”) + *werk (“work”), possible calque of Latin maleficium.


erbā

erbā (nominative singular)
erbōn (nominative plural)
erbōn (accusative singular)
erbōn (accusative plural)
erbōn (genitive singular)
erbōnō (genitive plural)
erbōn (dative singular)
erbōm (dative plural)
erbum (dative plural)
erbōn (instrumental singular)
erbōm (instrumental plural)
erbum (instrumental plural)

Old English: earfe, earbe

Borrowed from Latin ervum (“vetch”). Doublet of *arwīt (“pea”).


billjōn

billjōn (infinitive)
billjōnijas (genitive infinitive)
billjōnijē (dative infinitive)
billjōniju (infinitive instrumental)
billjō (first-person present singular)
billjōdā (first-person past singular)
billjōs (present second-person singular)
billjōdēs (past second-person singular)
billjōdōs (past second-person singular)
billjōþ (present singular third-person)
billjōdē (past singular third-person)
billjōdā (past singular third-person)
billjōm (first-person plural present)
billjōdum (first-person past plural)
billjōþ (plural present second-person)
billjōdud (past plural second-person)
billjōnþ (plural present third-person)
billjōdun (past plural third-person)
billjōdī (first-person past singular)
billjōdī (past second-person singular)
billjō (present singular third-person)
billjōdī (past singular third-person)
billjōdīm (first-person past plural)
billjōdīd (past plural second-person)
billjōn (plural present third-person)
billjōdīn (past plural third-person)
billjō (present singular)
billjōþ (plural present)
billjōndī (participle present)
billjōd (participle past)

Old English: *billian

Middle English: billen

English: bill

Old Frisian: *billia

West Frisian: bilje

Old Saxon: *billion

Middle Low German: billen

Old Dutch: *billon

Middle Dutch: billen

Dutch: billen

Old High German: *billōn

Middle High German: billen

⇒ Old High German: duruhbillōn


kalwōn

kalwōn (infinitive)
kalwōnijas (genitive infinitive)
kalwōnijē (dative infinitive)
kalwōniju (infinitive instrumental)
kalwō (first-person present singular)
kalwōdā (first-person past singular)
kalwōs (present second-person singular)
kalwōdēs (past second-person singular)
kalwōdōs (past second-person singular)
kalwōþ (present singular third-person)
kalwōdē (past singular third-person)
kalwōdā (past singular third-person)
kalwōm (first-person plural present)
kalwōdum (first-person past plural)
kalwōþ (plural present second-person)
kalwōdud (past plural second-person)
kalwōnþ (plural present third-person)
kalwōdun (past plural third-person)
kalwōdī (first-person past singular)
kalwōdī (past second-person singular)
kalwō (present singular third-person)
kalwōdī (past singular third-person)
kalwōdīm (first-person past plural)
kalwōdīd (past plural second-person)
kalwōn (plural present third-person)
kalwōdīn (past plural third-person)
kalwō (present singular)
kalwōþ (plural present)
kalwōndī (participle present)
kalwōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: kalia

Old Dutch: *calwon

Middle Dutch: cāluwen

Dutch: kalen

Old High German: kalawōn

Middle High German: kalwen


seukalōn

seukalōn (infinitive)
seukalōnijas (genitive infinitive)
seukalōnijē (dative infinitive)
seukalōniju (infinitive instrumental)
seukalō (first-person present singular)
seukalōdā (first-person past singular)
seukalōs (present second-person singular)
seukalōdēs (past second-person singular)
seukalōdōs (past second-person singular)
seukalōþ (present singular third-person)
seukalōdē (past singular third-person)
seukalōdā (past singular third-person)
seukalōm (first-person plural present)
seukalōdum (first-person past plural)
seukalōþ (plural present second-person)
seukalōdud (past plural second-person)
seukalōnþ (plural present third-person)
seukalōdun (past plural third-person)
seukalōdī (first-person past singular)
seukalōdī (past second-person singular)
seukalō (present singular third-person)
seukalōdī (past singular third-person)
seukalōdīm (first-person past plural)
seukalōdīd (past plural second-person)
seukalōn (plural present third-person)
seukalōdīn (past plural third-person)
seukalō (present singular)
seukalōþ (plural present)
seukalōndī (participle present)
seukalōd (participle past)

Old English: sēoclian, sīclian

Middle English: sekelen, sikelen

Old High German: siohhalōn

Middle High German: siechelen, sūchelen

From *seukēn (“to be sick”) + *-lōn (“frequentive suffix”).


sūsōn

sūsōn (infinitive)
sūsōnijas (genitive infinitive)
sūsōnijē (dative infinitive)
sūsōniju (infinitive instrumental)
sūsō (first-person present singular)
sūsōdā (first-person past singular)
sūsōs (present second-person singular)
sūsōdēs (past second-person singular)
sūsōdōs (past second-person singular)
sūsōþ (present singular third-person)
sūsōdē (past singular third-person)
sūsōdā (past singular third-person)
sūsōm (first-person plural present)
sūsōdum (first-person past plural)
sūsōþ (plural present second-person)
sūsōdud (past plural second-person)
sūsōnþ (plural present third-person)
sūsōdun (past plural third-person)
sūsōdī (first-person past singular)
sūsōdī (past second-person singular)
sūsō (present singular third-person)
sūsōdī (past singular third-person)
sūsōdīm (first-person past plural)
sūsōdīd (past plural second-person)
sūsōn (plural present third-person)
sūsōdīn (past plural third-person)
sūsō (present singular)
sūsōþ (plural present)
sūsōndī (participle present)
sūsōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: *sūsia

West Frisian: sûzje, sûze

Old Saxon: *sūsōn

Middle Low German: sūsen

→ Norwegian Bokmål: suse

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: suse, susa

→ Swedish: susa

→ Danish: suse

Old Dutch: *sūson

Middle Dutch: susen

Dutch: suizen, soezen

Old High German: sūsōn

Middle High German: sūsen, siusen

German: sausen

Likely of onomatopoeic origin. Although possibly related to Old Church Slavonic сꙑсати (sysati) or Latin susurrō.


landōn

landōn (infinitive)
landōnijas (genitive infinitive)
landōnijē (dative infinitive)
landōniju (infinitive instrumental)
landō (first-person present singular)
landōdā (first-person past singular)
landōs (present second-person singular)
landōdēs (past second-person singular)
landōdōs (past second-person singular)
landōþ (present singular third-person)
landōdē (past singular third-person)
landōdā (past singular third-person)
landōm (first-person plural present)
landōdum (first-person past plural)
landōþ (plural present second-person)
landōdud (past plural second-person)
landōnþ (plural present third-person)
landōdun (past plural third-person)
landōdī (first-person past singular)
landōdī (past second-person singular)
landō (present singular third-person)
landōdī (past singular third-person)
landōdīm (first-person past plural)
landōdīd (past plural second-person)
landōn (plural present third-person)
landōdīn (past plural third-person)
landō (present singular)
landōþ (plural present)
landōndī (participle present)
landōd (participle past)

Old English: *landian

Middle English: landen, londen

English: land

⇒ Old English: belandian

⇒ Old English: ġelandian

Old Frisian: *landia

West Frisian: lânje

Old Saxon: *landōn

Middle Low German: landen

Low German: landen

→ German: landen

Old Dutch: *landon

Middle Dutch: landen

Dutch: landen


standā

standā (nominative singular)
standōn (nominative plural)
standōn (accusative singular)
standōn (accusative plural)
standōn (genitive singular)
standōnō (genitive plural)
standōn (dative singular)
standōm (dative plural)
standum (dative plural)
standōn (instrumental singular)
standōm (instrumental plural)
standum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: standa

Middle Low German: stande, stanne

⇒ Middle Low German: stander

Old Dutch: *standa

Middle Dutch: stande

Dutch: stande

Old High German: stanta

Middle High German: stande

German: Stande (archaic or dialectal)

desc

⇒ Middle High German: standenære, standener, stantner, stentner

German: Standner, Ständner (archaic or dialectal)

→⇒ Anglo-Norman: estandard (“small barrel”)

→ Middle English: standard (“vessel, barrel, cask”)

English: standard


bridīn

bridīn (masculine nominative singular)
bridīnu (feminine nominative singular)
bridīn (neuter nominative singular)
bridīnanā (accusative masculine singular)
bridīnā (accusative feminine singular)
bridīn (accusative neuter singular)
bridīnas (genitive masculine singular)
bridīneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
bridīnas (genitive neuter singular)
bridīnumē (dative masculine singular)
bridīneʀē (dative feminine singular)
bridīnumē (dative neuter singular)
bridīnu (instrumental masculine singular)
bridīneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
bridīnu (instrumental neuter singular)
bridīnē (masculine nominative plural)
bridīnō (feminine nominative plural)
bridīnu (neuter nominative plural)
bridīnā (accusative masculine plural)
bridīnā (accusative feminine plural)
bridīnu (accusative neuter plural)
bridīneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
bridīneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
bridīneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
bridīnēm (dative masculine plural)
bridīnum (dative masculine plural)
bridīnēm (dative feminine plural)
bridīnum (dative feminine plural)
bridīnēm (dative neuter plural)
bridīnum (dative neuter plural)
bridīnēm (instrumental masculine plural)
bridīnum (instrumental masculine plural)
bridīnēm (feminine instrumental plural)
bridīnum (feminine instrumental plural)
bridīnēm (instrumental neuter plural)
bridīnum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: briden, breden, bryden

Old Saxon: *bridin

Middle Low German: breden, brēden

⇒ Middle Low German: brēderen

Old Dutch: *bridin

Middle Dutch: *breden, *berden

Dutch: berden

⇒ Dutch: berderen (dialectal or obsolete)

Old High German: *britīn, *brittīn

Middle High German: *bretten

⇒ German: brettern


pikōn

pikōn (infinitive)
pikōnijas (genitive infinitive)
pikōnijē (dative infinitive)
pikōniju (infinitive instrumental)
pikō (first-person present singular)
pikōdā (first-person past singular)
pikōs (present second-person singular)
pikōdēs (past second-person singular)
pikōdōs (past second-person singular)
pikōþ (present singular third-person)
pikōdē (past singular third-person)
pikōdā (past singular third-person)
pikōm (first-person plural present)
pikōdum (first-person past plural)
pikōþ (plural present second-person)
pikōdud (past plural second-person)
pikōnþ (plural present third-person)
pikōdun (past plural third-person)
pikōdī (first-person past singular)
pikōdī (past second-person singular)
pikō (present singular third-person)
pikōdī (past singular third-person)
pikōdīm (first-person past plural)
pikōdīd (past plural second-person)
pikōn (plural present third-person)
pikōdīn (past plural third-person)
pikō (present singular)
pikōþ (plural present)
pikōndī (participle present)
pikōd (participle past)

Old English: piċian

Middle English: pichen

English: pitch

Old Saxon: *pikōn

Middle Low German: pēken, pecken

Old Dutch: *pekon, *pikon

Middle Dutch: pēken, pecken, picken

Dutch: pekken, pikken


mistōn

mistōn (infinitive)
mistōnijas (genitive infinitive)
mistōnijē (dative infinitive)
mistōniju (infinitive instrumental)
mistō (first-person present singular)
mistōdā (first-person past singular)
mistōs (present second-person singular)
mistōdēs (past second-person singular)
mistōdōs (past second-person singular)
mistōþ (present singular third-person)
mistōdē (past singular third-person)
mistōdā (past singular third-person)
mistōm (first-person plural present)
mistōdum (first-person past plural)
mistōþ (plural present second-person)
mistōdud (past plural second-person)
mistōnþ (plural present third-person)
mistōdun (past plural third-person)
mistōdī (first-person past singular)
mistōdī (past second-person singular)
mistō (present singular third-person)
mistōdī (past singular third-person)
mistōdīm (first-person past plural)
mistōdīd (past plural second-person)
mistōn (plural present third-person)
mistōdīn (past plural third-person)
mistō (present singular)
mistōþ (plural present)
mistōndī (participle present)
mistōd (participle past)

Old English: mistian

desctree

Middle English: misten, mysty, myssyn, mesten
English: mist
Yola: mistern (ppl.)

Old Dutch: *miston

Middle Dutch: misten

Dutch: misten

to become misty, become covered with mist


munikōn

munikōn (infinitive)
munikōnijas (genitive infinitive)
munikōnijē (dative infinitive)
munikōniju (infinitive instrumental)
munikō (first-person present singular)
munikōdā (first-person past singular)
munikōs (present second-person singular)
munikōdēs (past second-person singular)
munikōdōs (past second-person singular)
munikōþ (present singular third-person)
munikōdē (past singular third-person)
munikōdā (past singular third-person)
munikōm (first-person plural present)
munikōdum (first-person past plural)
munikōþ (plural present second-person)
munikōdud (past plural second-person)
munikōnþ (plural present third-person)
munikōdun (past plural third-person)
munikōdī (first-person past singular)
munikōdī (past second-person singular)
munikō (present singular third-person)
munikōdī (past singular third-person)
munikōdīm (first-person past plural)
munikōdīd (past plural second-person)
munikōn (plural present third-person)
munikōdīn (past plural third-person)
munikō (present singular)
munikōþ (plural present)
munikōndī (participle present)
munikōd (participle past)

Old English: munucian

Middle English: monken

English: monk

Old Saxon: *monikōn, *munikōn

desc

Middle Low German: mȫniken, mönniken, monneken, monken

Old Dutch: *monikon, munikon

Middle Dutch: mōniken, monken, muniken, munken

Old High German: *munihōn

Middle High German: münechen, munichen, münchen, munchen

German: mönchen (obsolete)


stumbalōn

stumbalōn (infinitive)
stumbalōnijas (genitive infinitive)
stumbalōnijē (dative infinitive)
stumbalōniju (infinitive instrumental)
stumbalō (first-person present singular)
stumbalōdā (first-person past singular)
stumbalōs (present second-person singular)
stumbalōdēs (past second-person singular)
stumbalōdōs (past second-person singular)
stumbalōþ (present singular third-person)
stumbalōdē (past singular third-person)
stumbalōdā (past singular third-person)
stumbalōm (first-person plural present)
stumbalōdum (first-person past plural)
stumbalōþ (plural present second-person)
stumbalōdud (past plural second-person)
stumbalōnþ (plural present third-person)
stumbalōdun (past plural third-person)
stumbalōdī (first-person past singular)
stumbalōdī (past second-person singular)
stumbalō (present singular third-person)
stumbalōdī (past singular third-person)
stumbalōdīm (first-person past plural)
stumbalōdīd (past plural second-person)
stumbalōn (plural present third-person)
stumbalōdīn (past plural third-person)
stumbalō (present singular)
stumbalōþ (plural present)
stumbalōndī (participle present)
stumbalōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: *stemblia

⇒ Old Frisian: stemblinge

Old Saxon: *stumblōn

Middle Low German: stōmelen

⇒ Old Saxon: bistumblōn

Old High German: stumbalōn

Middle High German: stümbelen, stümbeln, stumbelen

German: stümmeln

Derived from an unattested verb *stumbōn + *-lōn. Closely related to *stump (“mutilated, blunt, coarse”).


hakilōn

hakilōn (infinitive)
hakilōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hakilōnijē (dative infinitive)
hakilōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hakilō (first-person present singular)
hakilōdā (first-person past singular)
hakilōs (present second-person singular)
hakilōdēs (past second-person singular)
hakilōdōs (past second-person singular)
hakilōþ (present singular third-person)
hakilōdē (past singular third-person)
hakilōdā (past singular third-person)
hakilōm (first-person plural present)
hakilōdum (first-person past plural)
hakilōþ (plural present second-person)
hakilōdud (past plural second-person)
hakilōnþ (plural present third-person)
hakilōdun (past plural third-person)
hakilōdī (first-person past singular)
hakilōdī (past second-person singular)
hakilō (present singular third-person)
hakilōdī (past singular third-person)
hakilōdīm (first-person past plural)
hakilōdīd (past plural second-person)
hakilōn (plural present third-person)
hakilōdīn (past plural third-person)
hakilō (present singular)
hakilōþ (plural present)
hakilōndī (participle present)
hakilōd (participle past)

Old English: *hæclian, *hacelian

Middle English: hechelen, hekelen

English: hatchel, hetchel, hackle, heckle

Old Frisian: *hekilia

West Frisian: hikkelje

Old Saxon: hekilōn

Middle Low German: hēkelen, heckelen

Old Dutch: *hekilon

Middle Dutch: hēkelen
Dutch: hekelen

Old High German: *hehhilōn, *hahhulōn

Middle High German: hechelen, hecheln, hachelen, hacheln

German: hecheln

to hackle; to separate flax fibers with a hatchel or comb


bauknōn

bauknōn (infinitive)
bauknōnijas (genitive infinitive)
bauknōnijē (dative infinitive)
bauknōniju (infinitive instrumental)
bauknō (first-person present singular)
bauknōdā (first-person past singular)
bauknōs (present second-person singular)
bauknōdēs (past second-person singular)
bauknōdōs (past second-person singular)
bauknōþ (present singular third-person)
bauknōdē (past singular third-person)
bauknōdā (past singular third-person)
bauknōm (first-person plural present)
bauknōdum (first-person past plural)
bauknōþ (plural present second-person)
bauknōdud (past plural second-person)
bauknōnþ (plural present third-person)
bauknōdun (past plural third-person)
bauknōdī (first-person past singular)
bauknōdī (past second-person singular)
bauknō (present singular third-person)
bauknōdī (past singular third-person)
bauknōdīm (first-person past plural)
bauknōdīd (past plural second-person)
bauknōn (plural present third-person)
bauknōdīn (past plural third-person)
bauknō (present singular)
bauknōþ (plural present)
bauknōndī (participle present)
bauknōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: bēacnian, bēcnian, bīcnian, bȳcnian
Middle English: bekenen, beckenen, bekenyn, beknen, beknyn, becnen, bæcnien, becnien, beknien (Early Middle English), beccyn, bekyn, bekken, bikken (reanalysed)
English: beckon; beck
Middle Scots: bekin

Old Frisian: *bākenia

West Frisian: beakenje

→ Dutch: bakenen

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *bauknōną. Equivalent to *baukn (“sign, symbol”) + *-ōn.


kossōn

kossōn (infinitive)
kossōnijas (genitive infinitive)
kossōnijē (dative infinitive)
kossōniju (infinitive instrumental)
kossō (first-person present singular)
kossōdā (first-person past singular)
kossōs (present second-person singular)
kossōdēs (past second-person singular)
kossōdōs (past second-person singular)
kossōþ (present singular third-person)
kossōdē (past singular third-person)
kossōdā (past singular third-person)
kossōm (first-person plural present)
kossōdum (first-person past plural)
kossōþ (plural present second-person)
kossōdud (past plural second-person)
kossōnþ (plural present third-person)
kossōdun (past plural third-person)
kossōdī (first-person past singular)
kossōdī (past second-person singular)
kossō (present singular third-person)
kossōdī (past singular third-person)
kossōdīm (first-person past plural)
kossōdīd (past plural second-person)
kossōn (plural present third-person)
kossōdīn (past plural third-person)
kossō (present singular)
kossōþ (plural present)
kossōndī (participle present)
kossōd (participle past)

Old English: cossian

Old Frisian: *kossia

Saterland Frisian: küsje

Old Dutch: *cosson

Middle Dutch: cossen

Old High German: kossōn


kwabbā

kwabbā (nominative singular)
kwabbōn (nominative plural)
kwabbōn (accusative singular)
kwabbōn (accusative plural)
kwabbōn (genitive singular)
kwabbōnō (genitive plural)
kwabbōn (dative singular)
kwabbōm (dative plural)
kwabbum (dative plural)
kwabbōn (instrumental singular)
kwabbōm (instrumental plural)
kwabbum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *cwabbe

Middle English: quabbe

English: quab, quob

→ Latin: quabba

Old Frisian: *kwabbe, *quabbe

Saterland Frisian: Kwabbe

West Frisian: kwabbe, kwab

Old Saxon: *kwabba, *kwappa

Middle Low German: quappe, quabbe

German Low German: Quabb

→ Old Danish: kvabbe

→ Old Swedish: qvappa

Swedish: kvabba

desc

⇒ Old Saxon: kwappia, quappia, *quabbia, *quebbia

Middle Low German: quebbe, queb, quobbe, quöbbe f or n

Old Dutch: *kwabba, *quappa

Middle Dutch: quabbe, quappe

Dutch: kwab

Old High German: kwappa, quappa; kwappo, quappo m

Middle High German: quappe, kape, kope, quabbe

German: Quappe, Quabbe

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₂bʰ- (“to sink, submerge, dive”).

inh

anything soft and firmless; a squishy lump, mass, or lobe; flab

(zoology) a bottom-dwelling fish (e.g. burbot); tadpole


gaumōn

gaumōn (infinitive)
gaumōnijas (genitive infinitive)
gaumōnijē (dative infinitive)
gaumōniju (infinitive instrumental)
gaumō (first-person present singular)
gaumōdā (first-person past singular)
gaumōs (present second-person singular)
gaumōdēs (past second-person singular)
gaumōdōs (past second-person singular)
gaumōþ (present singular third-person)
gaumōdē (past singular third-person)
gaumōdā (past singular third-person)
gaumōm (first-person plural present)
gaumōdum (first-person past plural)
gaumōþ (plural present second-person)
gaumōdud (past plural second-person)
gaumōnþ (plural present third-person)
gaumōdun (past plural third-person)
gaumōdī (first-person past singular)
gaumōdī (past second-person singular)
gaumō (present singular third-person)
gaumōdī (past singular third-person)
gaumōdīm (first-person past plural)
gaumōdīd (past plural second-person)
gaumōn (plural present third-person)
gaumōdīn (past plural third-person)
gaumō (present singular)
gaumōþ (plural present)
gaumōndī (participle present)
gaumōd (participle past)

Old English: ġēomian

Middle English: ȝemen, yemen

English: yeme (obsolete)

Old Saxon: *gōmōn

Middle Low German: gômen

Old Dutch: *gōmon

Middle Dutch: gômen

Dutch: gomen (obsolete)

Old High German: goumōn

Middle High German: goumen

Alemannic German: gaume

From *gaum (“heedance, attention”) + *-ōn.


rīm

rīm (nominative singular)
rīmu (nominative plural)
rīm (accusative singular)
rīmu (accusative plural)
rīmas (genitive singular)
rīmō (genitive plural)
rīmē (dative singular)
rīmum (dative plural)
rīmu (instrumental singular)
rīmum (instrumental plural)
rīm (nominative singular)
rīmō (nominative plural)
rīmōs (nominative plural)
rīm (accusative singular)
rīmā (accusative plural)
rīmas (genitive singular)
rīmō (genitive plural)
rīmē (dative singular)
rīmum (dative plural)
rīmu (instrumental singular)
rīmum (instrumental plural)

Old English: rīm n

Middle English: rime, ryme

Scots: rime, ryme

English: rime, (rhyme)

Old Frisian: rīm m

Saterland Frisian: Riem

West Frisian: rym

Old Saxon: rīm m

Middle Low German: rîm, rime m

German Low German: Riem

Frankish: *rīm

Old Dutch: *rīm

→ Old Occitan: rim m

gl

→ Old French: rime f (alternatively, derived from the verb Old French rimer (“to recount, rhyme”) < Frankish *rīman (“to arrange in a series”))

Middle French: rime

French: rime

→ Old Occitan: rima

→ Italian: rima

→ Middle English: rime, ryme

English: rhyme

Scots: rime, rhyme

→ Middle Dutch: rime, rijm

Dutch: rijm

Old High German: rīm m

Middle High German: rīm

German: Reim

Luxembourgish: Reim

sequence, series, row or line of identical things


gamanōn

gamanōn (infinitive)
gamanōnijas (genitive infinitive)
gamanōnijē (dative infinitive)
gamanōniju (infinitive instrumental)
gamanō (first-person present singular)
gamanōdā (first-person past singular)
gamanōs (present second-person singular)
gamanōdēs (past second-person singular)
gamanōdōs (past second-person singular)
gamanōþ (present singular third-person)
gamanōdē (past singular third-person)
gamanōdā (past singular third-person)
gamanōm (first-person plural present)
gamanōdum (first-person past plural)
gamanōþ (plural present second-person)
gamanōdud (past plural second-person)
gamanōnþ (plural present third-person)
gamanōdun (past plural third-person)
gamanōdī (first-person past singular)
gamanōdī (past second-person singular)
gamanō (present singular third-person)
gamanōdī (past singular third-person)
gamanōdīm (first-person past plural)
gamanōdīd (past plural second-person)
gamanōn (plural present third-person)
gamanōdīn (past plural third-person)
gamanō (present singular)
gamanōþ (plural present)
gamanōndī (participle present)
gamanōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: gamenian, gæmnian, gamnian
Middle English: gamen, game, gamenen, gamene, gammen, gamme, gomeni, gominen, gomenin, gamine
English: gammon, game
Scots: gamin, gammyn, gamyn, game
Yola: gaame, gaume, gaaume

Old High German: *gamanōn

Middle High German: gamenen

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *gamanōną. Equivalent to *gaman (“fun, amusement, game”) + *-ōn.


haʀēn

haʀēn (infinitive)
haʀēnijas (genitive infinitive)
haʀēnijē (dative infinitive)
haʀēniju (infinitive instrumental)
haʀē (first-person present singular)
haʀ?dā (first-person past singular)
haʀēs (present second-person singular)
haʀ?dēs (past second-person singular)
haʀēþ (present singular third-person)
haʀ?dē (past singular third-person)
haʀ?dā (past singular third-person)
haʀēm (first-person plural present)
haʀ?dum (first-person past plural)
haʀēþ (plural present second-person)
haʀ?dud (past plural second-person)
haʀēnþ (plural present third-person)
haʀ?dun (past plural third-person)
haʀ?dī (first-person past singular)
haʀ?dī (past second-person singular)
haʀē (present singular third-person)
haʀ?dī (past singular third-person)
haʀ?dīm (first-person past plural)
haʀ?dīd (past plural second-person)
haʀēn (plural present third-person)
haʀ?dīn (past plural third-person)
haʀē (present singular)
haʀēþ (plural present)
haʀēndī (participle present)
haʀ?d (participle past)

Old English: harian

Old High German: harēn

Middle High German: haren, harn

Seemingly, a class 3 weak verb to *haʀjan. Kroonen reconstructs Proto-Germanic *hazāną from Proto-Indo-European *ḱh₁s-éh₁, derived from *ḱeh₁s- (“to call, to command, to instruct”).


abunstijōn

abunstijōn (infinitive)
abunstijōnijas (genitive infinitive)
abunstijōnijē (dative infinitive)
abunstijōniju (infinitive instrumental)
abunstijō (first-person present singular)
abunstijōdā (first-person past singular)
abunstijōs (present second-person singular)
abunstijōdēs (past second-person singular)
abunstijōdōs (past second-person singular)
abunstijōþ (present singular third-person)
abunstijōdē (past singular third-person)
abunstijōdā (past singular third-person)
abunstijōm (first-person plural present)
abunstijōdum (first-person past plural)
abunstijōþ (plural present second-person)
abunstijōdud (past plural second-person)
abunstijōnþ (plural present third-person)
abunstijōdun (past plural third-person)
abunstijōdī (first-person past singular)
abunstijōdī (past second-person singular)
abunstijō (present singular third-person)
abunstijōdī (past singular third-person)
abunstijōdīm (first-person past plural)
abunstijōdīd (past plural second-person)
abunstijōn (plural present third-person)
abunstijōdīn (past plural third-person)
abunstijō (present singular)
abunstijōþ (plural present)
abunstijōndī (participle present)
abunstijōd (participle past)

Old English: æfēstian (< *abanstijōn)

⇒ Old English: ġeæfēstian

Old High German: abanstōn, abunstōn