regnawurmi

regnawurmi (nominative singular)
regnawurmī (nominative plural)
regnawurmi (accusative singular)
regnawurmī (accusative plural)
regnawurmī (genitive singular)
regnawurmijō (genitive plural)
regnawurmī (dative singular)
regnawurmim (dative plural)
regnawurmijum (dative plural)
regnawurmī (instrumental singular)
regnawurmim (instrumental plural)
regnawurmijum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: reġnwyrm, rēnwyrm
Middle English: *reinwurm, *reinworm
English: rainworm

Old Frisian: *reinwerm, *reinwirm

West Frisian: reinwjirm

Old Saxon: *reganwurm, *reginwurm

Middle Low German: rēgenworm

German Low German: Regenwurm

Old Dutch: *reganwurm

Middle Dutch: *regenworm

Dutch: regenworm

Afrikaans: reënwurm

Old High German: reganwurm

Middle High German: regenwurm, reinwurm

German: Regenwurm


sunnōn leuht

sunnōn leuht (nominative singular)
sunnōn leuhtu (nominative plural)
sunnōn leuht (accusative singular)
sunnōn leuhtu (accusative plural)
sunnōn leuhtas (genitive singular)
sunnōn leuhtō (genitive plural)
sunnōn leuhtē (dative singular)
sunnōn leuhtum (dative plural)
sunnōn leuhtu (instrumental singular)
sunnōn leuhtum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sunnan leoht

Middle English: sonnelight, sunneliht

English: sunlight

Dutch: zonlicht

Old High German: sunnūnlioht

Middle High German: sunnenlieht

German: Sonnenlicht


halbijan

halbijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
halbijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
halbijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
halbijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
halbiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
halbidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
halbisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
halbidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
halbidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
halbiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
halbidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
halbidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
halbijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
halbidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
halbiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
halbidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
halbijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
halbidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
halbijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
halbidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
halbijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
halbidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
halbijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
halbidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
halbijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
halbidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
halbijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
halbidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
halbijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
halbidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
halbi (class-1 present singular weak)
halbiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
halbijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
halbid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: hielfan

Old High German: *helben

Middle High German: helben


ubirsilubrijan

ubirsilubrijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
ubirsilubrijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
ubirsilubrijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
ubirsilubrijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
ubirsilubriju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
ubirsilubridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
ubirsilubrisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
ubirsilubridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
ubirsilubridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
ubirsilubriþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
ubirsilubridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
ubirsilubridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
ubirsilubrijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
ubirsilubridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
ubirsilubriþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
ubirsilubridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
ubirsilubrijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
ubirsilubridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
ubirsilubrijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
ubirsilubridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
ubirsilubrijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
ubirsilubridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
ubirsilubrijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
ubirsilubridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
ubirsilubrijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
ubirsilubridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
ubirsilubrijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
ubirsilubridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
ubirsilubrijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
ubirsilubridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
ubirsilubri (class-1 present singular weak)
ubirsilubriþ (class-1 plural present weak)
ubirsilubrijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
ubirsilubrid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *ovarsilveren

desc

Middle Low German: ȫversilveren, ȫversülveren

Old Dutch: *ovirsilveren

Middle Dutch: oversilveren

Dutch: overzilveren

Old High German: ubarsilabaren

Middle High German: übersilberen, übersilbren

Old High German: übersilbern


silubrijan

silubrijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
silubrijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
silubrijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
silubrijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
silubriju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
silubridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
silubrisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
silubridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
silubridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
silubriþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
silubridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
silubridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
silubrijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
silubridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
silubriþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
silubridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
silubrijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
silubridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
silubrijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
silubridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
silubrijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
silubridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
silubrijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
silubridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
silubrijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
silubridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
silubrijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
silubridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
silubrijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
silubridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
silubri (class-1 present singular weak)
silubriþ (class-1 plural present weak)
silubrijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
silubrid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *silfran, *sielfran, *siolfran

Middle English: silveren

English: silver

Old Saxon: *siluvarian

Middle Low German: silveren, sülveren

Old High German: silabaren

Middle High German: silberen, silbren


bisilubrijan

bisilubrijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
bisilubrijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
bisilubrijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
bisilubrijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
bisilubriju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bisilubridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bisilubrisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bisilubridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bisilubridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bisilubriþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bisilubridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bisilubridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bisilubrijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bisilubridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bisilubriþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bisilubridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bisilubrijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bisilubridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bisilubrijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bisilubridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bisilubrijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bisilubridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bisilubrijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bisilubridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bisilubrijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bisilubridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bisilubrijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bisilubridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bisilubrijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bisilubridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bisilubri (class-1 present singular weak)
bisilubriþ (class-1 plural present weak)
bisilubrijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
bisilubrid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: bisilfran, bisielfran, bisiolfran

Old Dutch: *bisilveren

Middle Dutch: *besilveren

Dutch: bezilveren

Old High German: *bisilabaren

Middle High German: *besilberen, *besilbren

Old High German: besilbern


bihabbjan

bihabbjan (infinitive)
bihabbjannjas (genitive infinitive)
bihabbjannjē (dative infinitive)
bihabbjannju (infinitive instrumental)
bihabbju (first-person present singular)
bihabdā (first-person past singular)
bihabēs (present second-person singular)
bihabdēs (past second-person singular)
bihabdōs (past second-person singular)
bihabēþ (present singular third-person)
bihabdē (past singular third-person)
bihabdā (past singular third-person)
bihabbjum (first-person plural present)
bihabdum (first-person past plural)
bihabēþ (plural present second-person)
bihabdud (past plural second-person)
bihabbjanþ (plural present third-person)
bihabdun (past plural third-person)
bihabbjē (first-person present singular)
bihabdī (first-person past singular)
bihabbjēs (present second-person singular)
bihabdī (past second-person singular)
bihabbjē (present singular third-person)
bihabdī (past singular third-person)
bihabbjēm (first-person plural present)
bihabdīm (first-person past plural)
bihabbjēþ (plural present second-person)
bihabdīd (past plural second-person)
bihabbjēn (plural present third-person)
bihabdīn (past plural third-person)
bihabē (present singular)
bihabēþ (plural present)
bihabbjandī (participle present)
bihabd (participle past)

Old English: behabban

Middle English: bihabben, behaven

English: behave

Scots: behave, behaif

Old Saxon: bihebbian

Middle Low German: behebben, behāven

Low German: behebben

Old Dutch: biheben; behebon

Middle Dutch: *behebben, bihebben

⇒? Middle Dutch: behebd, behebt, behept

Dutch: behept

Old High German: bihaben; bihabēn

Middle High German: behaben, bihaben, biheben, bihān, wehaben, wehān, weheben

German: behaben


bilaubijan

bilaubijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
bilaubijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
bilaubijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
bilaubijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
bilaubiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bilaubidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bilaubisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bilaubidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bilaubidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bilaubiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bilaubidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bilaubidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bilaubijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bilaubidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bilaubiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bilaubidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bilaubijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bilaubidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bilaubijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bilaubidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bilaubijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bilaubidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bilaubijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bilaubidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bilaubijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bilaubidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bilaubijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bilaubidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bilaubijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bilaubidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bilaubi (class-1 present singular weak)
bilaubiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
bilaubijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
bilaubid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: belīefan, belȳfan — Late West Saxon, belēfan — Anglian
Middle English: bileven, beleven, believen, bileoven, bilyfen
English: believe
Scots: beleve

Old Saxon: *bilōvian

Middle Low German: belö̂ven

Old High German: bilouben

Middle High German: belouben


raustijan

raustijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
raustijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
raustijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
raustijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
raustiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
raustidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
raustisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
raustidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
raustidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
raustiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
raustidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
raustidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
raustijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
raustidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
raustiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
raustidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
raustijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
raustidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
raustijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
raustidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
raustijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
raustidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
raustijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
raustidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
raustijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
raustidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
raustijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
raustidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
raustijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
raustidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
rausti (class-1 present singular weak)
raustiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
raustijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
raustid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: rīestan, rēstan

From Proto-Germanic *raustijaną, equivalent to *rausti (“voice”) + *-jan.


raustijan

Old Frisian: *rāsta; *rāstia; (rōster m)

desc

Saterland Frisian: rosterje, rusterje, rustje

(West Frisian: roester)

Old Saxon: *rōstian (attested in rōstunga); (rōst m)

Middle Low German: rôsten; rôsteren; (rôste f)

→ Old Swedish: rosta

Swedish: rosta

Old Dutch: *rōsten

Middle Dutch: rôosten

Dutch: roosten

Old High German: rōsten

Middle High German: rœsten

German: rösten

Hunsrik: reeste

→ Old French: rostir

Middle French: rostir, rôtir

French: rôtir

→ Middle English: rosten

English: roast

→ Esperanto: rosti

→ Galician: rustrir

Likely from *raust (“fire, glow, pyre”) + *-jan, which originated from Proto-Indo-European *rews- (“to crackle; sizzle; roast”); or from Proto-Indo-European *rew- (“to roar; growl; grumble”).


umbihringijan

umbihringijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
umbihringijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
umbihringijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
umbihringijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
umbihringiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
umbihringidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
umbihringisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
umbihringidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
umbihringidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
umbihringiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
umbihringidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
umbihringidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
umbihringijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
umbihringidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
umbihringiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
umbihringidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
umbihringijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
umbihringidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
umbihringijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
umbihringidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
umbihringijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
umbihringidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
umbihringijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
umbihringidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
umbihringijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
umbihringidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
umbihringijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
umbihringidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
umbihringijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
umbihringidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
umbihringi (class-1 present singular weak)
umbihringiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
umbihringijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
umbihringid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: ymbhrinġan

Old Saxon: *umbihringian

desc

Middle Low German: ummeringen, ümmeringen

Old Dutch: *umbiringen

Middle Dutch: omberingen, ommeringen, omberinghen, ommeringhen

Dutch: omringen

Old High German: umbiringen

Middle High German: umberingen, ummeringen

German: umringen


hringōn

hringōn (infinitive)
hringōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hringōnijē (dative infinitive)
hringōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hringō (first-person present singular)
hringōdā (first-person past singular)
hringōs (present second-person singular)
hringōdēs (past second-person singular)
hringōdōs (past second-person singular)
hringōþ (present singular third-person)
hringōdē (past singular third-person)
hringōdā (past singular third-person)
hringōm (first-person plural present)
hringōdum (first-person past plural)
hringōþ (plural present second-person)
hringōdud (past plural second-person)
hringōnþ (plural present third-person)
hringōdun (past plural third-person)
hringōdī (first-person past singular)
hringōdī (past second-person singular)
hringō (present singular third-person)
hringōdī (past singular third-person)
hringōdīm (first-person past plural)
hringōdīd (past plural second-person)
hringōn (plural present third-person)
hringōdīn (past plural third-person)
hringō (present singular)
hringōþ (plural present)
hringōndī (participle present)
hringōd (participle past)

Old English: hringian

Middle English: ringen

English: ring

Old Frisian: *hringia

West Frisian: ringje

Old Saxon: *hringon

Middle Low German: ringen

Old Dutch: *ringon

Middle Dutch: ringen, ringhen

Dutch: ringen

Old High German: ringōn

Middle High German: ringen

From Proto-Germanic *hringōną, equivalent to *hring (“a ring, a circle”) + *-ōn.


gadm

gadm (nominative singular)
gadmu (nominative plural)
gadm (accusative singular)
gadmu (accusative plural)
gadmas (genitive singular)
gadmō (genitive plural)
gadmē (dative singular)
gadmum (dative plural)
gadmu (instrumental singular)
gadmum (instrumental plural)
gadm (nominative singular)
gadmō (nominative plural)
gadmōs (nominative plural)
gadm (accusative singular)
gadmā (accusative plural)
gadmas (genitive singular)
gadmō (genitive plural)
gadmē (dative singular)
gadmum (dative plural)
gadmu (instrumental singular)
gadmum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: gaten, gathen

Old Dutch: *gadem

Middle Dutch: gadem, gademe

Old Saxon: *gadem

Middle Low German: gādem, gāden

Low German: Gadem, Gaden

Old High German: cadum, gadum, gadem, gadam

Middle High German: gadem, gaden

German: Gaden, Gadem, Garden, Garn

Unknown, conceivably from the stem of *gadur (“together”), with the rare suffix as in *bōsm, *butm, *āþm.
The semantic and formal match of African Arabic قَيْطُون (qayṭūn) must be a coincidence.

Adalbert Bezzenberger
Alf Torp
Atlantic (Semitic) languages
August Fick
Hjalmar Falk
Whitley Stokes


stabnijan

stabnijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
stabnijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
stabnijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
stabnijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
stabniju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stabnidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stabnisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stabnidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stabnidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stabniþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stabnidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stabnidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stabnijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stabnidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stabniþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stabnidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stabnijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stabnidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stabnijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stabnidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stabnijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stabnidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stabnijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stabnidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stabnijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stabnidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stabnijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stabnidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stabnijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stabnidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stabni (class-1 present singular weak)
stabniþ (class-1 plural present weak)
stabnijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
stabnid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: stemnan, stefnan

Middle English: stemmen, stevenen

Old Frisian: *stemma

West Frisian: stimme

⇒ Old Frisian: tōjēnisstemma

Old Saxon: *stemnian

Middle Low German: stemmen

→ Norwegian: stemme

→ Swedish: stämma

→ Danish: stemme

Old Dutch: *stemnen

Middle Dutch: stemmen

Dutch: stemmen

>? Old High German: *stimmen (< *stibnijan?)

Middle High German: stimmen

German: stimmen

⇒ Old High German: gistimmen

From Proto-Germanic *stabnijaną, equivalent to *stabnu (“voice”) + *-jan.


stabnijan

Old English: *stefnan

Middle English: stevenen

Old Saxon: *stefnian

Middle Low German: stēvenen, stefnen

Old Dutch: *stefnen

Middle Dutch: *stēvenen

Dutch: stevenen

From Proto-Germanic *stabnijaną, equivalent to *stabn (“stem of a ship”) + *-jan.


rūwijan

rūwijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
rūwijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
rūwijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
rūwijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
rūwiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
rūwidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
rūwisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
rūwidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rūwidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rūwiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
rūwidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rūwidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rūwijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
rūwidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
rūwiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
rūwidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
rūwijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
rūwidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
rūwijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
rūwidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
rūwijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
rūwidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rūwijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
rūwidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rūwijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
rūwidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
rūwijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
rūwidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
rūwijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
rūwidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
rūwi (class-1 present singular weak)
rūwiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
rūwijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
rūwid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: rȳn, rȳan

Old Saxon: *rūhen

Middle Low German: rūen, rūien, rūgen, rūwen

Old Dutch: *rūen

Middle Dutch: ruyen

⇒? Dutch: opruien

Old High German: *rūhen

Middle High German: rūhen


rindijan

rindijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
rindijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
rindijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
rindijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
rindiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
rindidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
rindisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
rindidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rindidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rindiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
rindidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rindidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rindijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
rindidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
rindiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
rindidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
rindijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
rindidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
rindijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
rindidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
rindijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
rindidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rindijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
rindidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rindijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
rindidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
rindijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
rindidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
rindijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
rindidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
rindi (class-1 present singular weak)
rindiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
rindijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
rindid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *rindan

Middle English: rinden

English: rind

⇒ Old English: berindan

Old Saxon: *rindian

Middle Low German: *rinden

⇒ Middle Low German: uprinden

Old High German: *rinten

Middle High German: *rinden

German: rinden

⇒ German: abrinden

⇒ Middle High German: zerrinden

⇒ Middle High German: entrinden

German: entrinden

⇒ Old High German: birinten

Middle High German: *berinten, *berinden

gl

German: berinden (with change in meaning from "remove bark" to "cover with bark")

From *rindu, *rindā (“tree bark”) + *-jan.


tirwijan

tirwijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
tirwijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
tirwijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
tirwijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
tirwiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tirwidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tirwisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tirwidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tirwidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tirwiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tirwidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tirwidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tirwijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tirwidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tirwiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tirwidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tirwijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tirwidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tirwijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tirwidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tirwijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tirwidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tirwijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tirwidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tirwijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tirwidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tirwijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tirwidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tirwijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tirwidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tirwi (class-1 present singular weak)
tirwiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
tirwijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
tirwid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: tierwan

Old Saxon: *tirwen

Middle Low German: tēren

→ German: teeren

Old Dutch: *tirwen

Middle Dutch: tēren, terren (with unexpected gemination of 'r')


pūkijan

pūkijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
pūkijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
pūkijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
pūkijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
pūkiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
pūkidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
pūkisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
pūkidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
pūkidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
pūkiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
pūkidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
pūkidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
pūkijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
pūkidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
pūkiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
pūkidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
pūkijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
pūkidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
pūkijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
pūkidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
pūkijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
pūkidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
pūkijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
pūkidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
pūkijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
pūkidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
pūkijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
pūkidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
pūkijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
pūkidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
pūki (class-1 present singular weak)
pūkiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
pūkijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
pūkid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: pȳcan

desctree

Middle English: piken, picken, pikken, pykken, pyken, pycken, pyke, picke, pyek, pic
English: pick
Scots: pik, pick

Old Saxon: *pūken

Middle Low German: pūken

Old Dutch: *pūken

Middle Dutch: *puken

Dutch: puiken

⇒ Middle Dutch: utepuken


stulljan

stulljan (class-1 infinitive weak)
stulljannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
stulljannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
stulljannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
stullju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stuldā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stulisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stuldēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stuldōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stuliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stuldē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stuldā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stulljum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stuldum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stuliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stuldud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stulljanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stuldun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stulljē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stuldī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stulljēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stuldī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stulljē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stuldī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stulljēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stuldīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stulljēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stuldīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stulljēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stuldīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stuli (class-1 present singular weak)
stuliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
stulljandī (class-1 participle present weak)
stuld (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: styllan

Old High German: stullen

Likely originated from a derivation of Proto-Indo-European *stel- (“to put, place”).


mātugijan

mātugijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
mātugijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
mātugijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
mātugijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
mātugiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
mātugidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
mātugisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
mātugidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
mātugidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
mātugiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
mātugidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
mātugidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
mātugijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
mātugidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
mātugiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
mātugidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
mātugijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
mātugidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
mātugijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
mātugidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
mātugijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
mātugidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
mātugijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
mātugidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
mātugijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
mātugidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
mātugijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
mātugidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
mātugijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
mātugidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
mātugi (class-1 present singular weak)
mātugiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
mātugijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
mātugid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *mǣtgan

⇒ Old English: gemǣtgan

Old Saxon: *mātigian

Middle Low German: mātigen, mētigen

Old Dutch: *mātigen

Middle Dutch: mâtigen

Dutch: matigen

Old High German: *māzīgen

Middle High German: mæzigen

German: mäßigen, mässigen


happjā

happjā (nominative singular)
happjōn (nominative plural)
happjōn (accusative singular)
happjōn (accusative plural)
happjōn (genitive singular)
happjōnō (genitive plural)
happjōn (dative singular)
happjōm (dative plural)
happjum (dative plural)
happjōn (instrumental singular)
happjōm (instrumental plural)
happjum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *heppia, *hepa

Middle Low German: heppe, hēpe, heipe

Old Dutch: *hepa

Middle Dutch: hēpe

Dutch: heep, (dialectal) hiep

desc

Old High German: habba, hābba, happa, hebba, heppa

Middle High German: happe, hepe, heppe

German: Hippe (“billhook”), (dialectal) Heppe

→ Old French: happe, hape

Middle French: happe, hape (“axe", also "curved piece of metal used as a clamp, crampon”)

gl

extant senses mostly derived from the related verb <i class="Latn mention" lang="fr">happer</i>

French: happe (extant senses mostly derived from the related verb happer)

→ Vulgar Latin: *happia (see there for further descendants)

Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Germanic *hap- (“to bend, curve”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kemb- (“to bend, curve”); or related to Ancient Greek κοπίς (kopís, “cleaver”), Lithuanian kàpti (“to chop”), Proto-Slavic *kopati (“dig, till”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep- (“to cut, cleave”); possibly a merger of both.

der

a tool used for cutting or pruning (e.g. knife, billhook, sickle, axe, etc.)


elpandabainīn

elpandabainīn (masculine nominative singular)
elpandabainīnu (feminine nominative singular)
elpandabainīn (neuter nominative singular)
elpandabainīnanā (accusative masculine singular)
elpandabainīnā (accusative feminine singular)
elpandabainīn (accusative neuter singular)
elpandabainīnas (genitive masculine singular)
elpandabainīneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
elpandabainīnas (genitive neuter singular)
elpandabainīnumē (dative masculine singular)
elpandabainīneʀē (dative feminine singular)
elpandabainīnumē (dative neuter singular)
elpandabainīnu (instrumental masculine singular)
elpandabainīneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
elpandabainīnu (instrumental neuter singular)
elpandabainīnē (masculine nominative plural)
elpandabainīnō (feminine nominative plural)
elpandabainīnu (neuter nominative plural)
elpandabainīnā (accusative masculine plural)
elpandabainīnā (accusative feminine plural)
elpandabainīnu (accusative neuter plural)
elpandabainīneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
elpandabainīneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
elpandabainīneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
elpandabainīnēm (dative masculine plural)
elpandabainīnum (dative masculine plural)
elpandabainīnēm (dative feminine plural)
elpandabainīnum (dative feminine plural)
elpandabainīnēm (dative neuter plural)
elpandabainīnum (dative neuter plural)
elpandabainīnēm (instrumental masculine plural)
elpandabainīnum (instrumental masculine plural)
elpandabainīnēm (feminine instrumental plural)
elpandabainīnum (feminine instrumental plural)
elpandabainīnēm (instrumental neuter plural)
elpandabainīnum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: elpendbǣnen

Middle English: ylpenbænen

Old Frisian: *elpendbēnen, *elpenbēnen

West Frisian: elpenbienen

Old Saxon: *elpandbēnīn

desc

Middle Low German: elpenbênen, elpenbeinen

Old Dutch: elpantbēnin

Middle Dutch: elpenbenen

Dutch: elpenbeenen (obsolete), elpenbenen

→ West Frisian: elpenbenen

Old High German: elfantbeinīn, helfantbeinīn

Middle High German: ëlfenbeinīn, hëlfenbeinīn

⇒ German: elfenbeinern

From *elpandabain (“ivory”) + *-īn (adjective suffix).


bautil

bautil (nominative singular)
bautilō (nominative plural)
bautilōs (nominative plural)
bautil (accusative singular)
bautilā (accusative plural)
bautilas (genitive singular)
bautilō (genitive plural)
bautilē (dative singular)
bautilum (dative plural)
bautilu (instrumental singular)
bautilum (instrumental plural)

desc

Old English: bīetel, bȳtel, bītel, bȳtl, bītl

Middle English: betel

English: beetle (“mallet”)

Scots: betill, bitill

Old Saxon: *bōtil

Middle Low German: bôtel, bö̂tel

Low German: Bötel

→ Saterland Frisian: Boitel, Bötel

Old High German: *bōzil

⇒ Old High German: steinbōzil

From Proto-Germanic *bautilaz, equivalent to *bautan + *-il.


krōn

krōn (nominative singular)
krōnō (nominative plural)
krōnōs (nominative plural)
krōn (accusative singular)
krōnā (accusative plural)
krōnas (genitive singular)
krōnō (genitive plural)
krōnē (dative singular)
krōnum (dative plural)
krōnu (instrumental singular)
krōnum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *krōn

Middle Low German: krôn, kroen, krûn

Old High German: *kruon

Middle High German: kruon

>? Luxembourgish: Krunn (possibly, in part)

From Proto-Germanic *krōnaz, an ablaut variant of *kranaz and/or *kranô.


wāt

wāt (masculine nominative singular)
wātu (feminine nominative singular)
wāt (neuter nominative singular)
wātanā (accusative masculine singular)
wātā (accusative feminine singular)
wāt (accusative neuter singular)
wātas (genitive masculine singular)
wāteʀā (feminine genitive singular)
wātas (genitive neuter singular)
wātumē (dative masculine singular)
wāteʀē (dative feminine singular)
wātumē (dative neuter singular)
wātu (instrumental masculine singular)
wāteʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
wātu (instrumental neuter singular)
wātē (masculine nominative plural)
wātō (feminine nominative plural)
wātu (neuter nominative plural)
wātā (accusative masculine plural)
wātā (accusative feminine plural)
wātu (accusative neuter plural)
wāteʀō (genitive masculine plural)
wāteʀō (feminine genitive plural)
wāteʀō (genitive neuter plural)
wātēm (dative masculine plural)
wātum (dative masculine plural)
wātēm (dative feminine plural)
wātum (dative feminine plural)
wātēm (dative neuter plural)
wātum (dative neuter plural)
wātēm (instrumental masculine plural)
wātum (instrumental masculine plural)
wātēm (feminine instrumental plural)
wātum (feminine instrumental plural)
wātēm (instrumental neuter plural)
wātum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: wǣt

Middle English: wāt, wēt, weet

Scots: weet, weit

English: weet (dialectal)

Old Frisian: wēt

North Frisian: weet, wiat, wäit

Saterland Frisian: wäit

West Frisian: wiet

>? Old Dutch: *wāt

Middle Dutch: wet, wit (possibly borrowed from Frisian)

⇒ Middle Dutch: verwetten

⇒ Middle Dutch: wetheit


rakōn

rakōn (infinitive)
rakōnijas (genitive infinitive)
rakōnijē (dative infinitive)
rakōniju (infinitive instrumental)
rakō (first-person present singular)
rakōdā (first-person past singular)
rakōs (present second-person singular)
rakōdēs (past second-person singular)
rakōdōs (past second-person singular)
rakōþ (present singular third-person)
rakōdē (past singular third-person)
rakōdā (past singular third-person)
rakōm (first-person plural present)
rakōdum (first-person past plural)
rakōþ (plural present second-person)
rakōdud (past plural second-person)
rakōnþ (plural present third-person)
rakōdun (past plural third-person)
rakōdī (first-person past singular)
rakōdī (past second-person singular)
rakō (present singular third-person)
rakōdī (past singular third-person)
rakōdīm (first-person past plural)
rakōdīd (past plural second-person)
rakōn (plural present third-person)
rakōdīn (past plural third-person)
rakō (present singular)
rakōþ (plural present)
rakōndī (participle present)
rakōd (participle past)

Old English: racian

Middle English: raken

English: rake

Old Saxon: *rakon

Middle Low German: rāken

→ Danish: rage

→ Swedish: råka

Old Dutch: *racon

Middle Dutch: rāken

Dutch: raken


uʀblindēn

uʀblindēn (infinitive)
uʀblindēnijas (genitive infinitive)
uʀblindēnijē (dative infinitive)
uʀblindēniju (infinitive instrumental)
uʀblindē (first-person present singular)
uʀblind?dā (first-person past singular)
uʀblindēs (present second-person singular)
uʀblind?dēs (past second-person singular)
uʀblindēþ (present singular third-person)
uʀblind?dē (past singular third-person)
uʀblind?dā (past singular third-person)
uʀblindēm (first-person plural present)
uʀblind?dum (first-person past plural)
uʀblindēþ (plural present second-person)
uʀblind?dud (past plural second-person)
uʀblindēnþ (plural present third-person)
uʀblind?dun (past plural third-person)
uʀblind?dī (first-person past singular)
uʀblind?dī (past second-person singular)
uʀblindē (present singular third-person)
uʀblind?dī (past singular third-person)
uʀblind?dīm (first-person past plural)
uʀblind?dīd (past plural second-person)
uʀblindēn (plural present third-person)
uʀblind?dīn (past plural third-person)
uʀblindē (present singular)
uʀblindēþ (plural present)
uʀblindēndī (participle present)
uʀblind?d (participle past)

Old English: āblindian

Middle English: ablinden

Old Dutch: *irblindon, *āblindon

Middle Dutch: erblinden

Old High German: irblintēn

Middle High German: erblinden

German: erblinden


blindēn

blindēn (infinitive)
blindēnijas (genitive infinitive)
blindēnijē (dative infinitive)
blindēniju (infinitive instrumental)
blindē (first-person present singular)
blind?dā (first-person past singular)
blindēs (present second-person singular)
blind?dēs (past second-person singular)
blindēþ (present singular third-person)
blind?dē (past singular third-person)
blind?dā (past singular third-person)
blindēm (first-person plural present)
blind?dum (first-person past plural)
blindēþ (plural present second-person)
blind?dud (past plural second-person)
blindēnþ (plural present third-person)
blind?dun (past plural third-person)
blind?dī (first-person past singular)
blind?dī (past second-person singular)
blindē (present singular third-person)
blind?dī (past singular third-person)
blind?dīm (first-person past plural)
blind?dīd (past plural second-person)
blindēn (plural present third-person)
blind?dīn (past plural third-person)
blindē (present singular)
blindēþ (plural present)
blindēndī (participle present)
blind?d (participle past)

Old English: *blindian

Middle English: blinden

Old Saxon: *blindōn

Middle Low German: blinden

desctree

Old Dutch: *blindon
Middle Dutch: blinden
Dutch: blinden

Old High German: blintēn

Middle High German: blinden


blindōn

blindōn (infinitive)
blindōnijas (genitive infinitive)
blindōnijē (dative infinitive)
blindōniju (infinitive instrumental)
blindō (first-person present singular)
blindōdā (first-person past singular)
blindōs (present second-person singular)
blindōdēs (past second-person singular)
blindōdōs (past second-person singular)
blindōþ (present singular third-person)
blindōdē (past singular third-person)
blindōdā (past singular third-person)
blindōm (first-person plural present)
blindōdum (first-person past plural)
blindōþ (plural present second-person)
blindōdud (past plural second-person)
blindōnþ (plural present third-person)
blindōdun (past plural third-person)
blindōdī (first-person past singular)
blindōdī (past second-person singular)
blindō (present singular third-person)
blindōdī (past singular third-person)
blindōdīm (first-person past plural)
blindōdīd (past plural second-person)
blindōn (plural present third-person)
blindōdīn (past plural third-person)
blindō (present singular)
blindōþ (plural present)
blindōndī (participle present)
blindōd (participle past)

Old English: *blindian

Middle English: blinden

English: blind

Old Frisian: blindia

Saterland Frisian: blindja

West Frisian: blynje

Old Saxon: *blindōn

Middle Low German: blinden

Old High German: *blintōn

Middle High German: blinden

From Proto-Germanic *blindōną. Equivalent to *blind + *-ōn.


biliþijan

biliþijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
biliþijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
biliþijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
biliþijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
biliþiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
biliþidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
biliþisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
biliþidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
biliþidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
biliþiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
biliþidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
biliþidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
biliþijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
biliþidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
biliþiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
biliþidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
biliþijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
biliþidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
biliþijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
biliþidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
biliþijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
biliþidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
biliþijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
biliþidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
biliþijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
biliþidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
biliþijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
biliþidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
biliþijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
biliþidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
biliþi (class-1 present singular weak)
biliþiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
biliþijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
biliþid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Frisian: biletha

Old Dutch: bilithen
Middle Dutch: bēelden
Dutch: beelden
Limburgish: beildje

Old High German: biliden

q

Middle High German: bileden, bilden (merged with the descendant of *biliþōn)

German: bilden


biliþōn

biliþōn (infinitive)
biliþōnijas (genitive infinitive)
biliþōnijē (dative infinitive)
biliþōniju (infinitive instrumental)
biliþō (first-person present singular)
biliþōdā (first-person past singular)
biliþōs (present second-person singular)
biliþōdēs (past second-person singular)
biliþōdōs (past second-person singular)
biliþōþ (present singular third-person)
biliþōdē (past singular third-person)
biliþōdā (past singular third-person)
biliþōm (first-person plural present)
biliþōdum (first-person past plural)
biliþōþ (plural present second-person)
biliþōdud (past plural second-person)
biliþōnþ (plural present third-person)
biliþōdun (past plural third-person)
biliþōdī (first-person past singular)
biliþōdī (past second-person singular)
biliþō (present singular third-person)
biliþōdī (past singular third-person)
biliþōdīm (first-person past plural)
biliþōdīd (past plural second-person)
biliþōn (plural present third-person)
biliþōdīn (past plural third-person)
biliþō (present singular)
biliþōþ (plural present)
biliþōndī (participle present)
biliþōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: bilethia

West Frisian: byldzje

Old Saxon: bilithōn

Middle Low German: bilden, bēlden

Old High German: bilidōn

Middle High German: bileden, bilden (merged with the descendant of *biliþijan)

German: bilden


fōdrijan

fōdrijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
fōdrijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
fōdrijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
fōdrijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
fōdriju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fōdridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fōdrisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fōdridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fōdridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fōdriþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fōdridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fōdridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fōdrijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fōdridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fōdriþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fōdridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fōdrijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fōdridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fōdrijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fōdridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fōdrijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fōdridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fōdrijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fōdridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fōdrijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fōdridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fōdrijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fōdridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fōdrijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fōdridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fōdri (class-1 present singular weak)
fōdriþ (class-1 plural present weak)
fōdrijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
fōdrid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Dutch: fuodaren

Middle Dutch: foederen

Dutch: voederen

Old High German: fuotaren, fuotiren

desc

Middle High German: vüeteren, vüetern, füeteren, füetern

German: füttern


fōdrōn

fōdrōn (infinitive)
fōdrōnijas (genitive infinitive)
fōdrōnijē (dative infinitive)
fōdrōniju (infinitive instrumental)
fōdrō (first-person present singular)
fōdrōdā (first-person past singular)
fōdrōs (present second-person singular)
fōdrōdēs (past second-person singular)
fōdrōdōs (past second-person singular)
fōdrōþ (present singular third-person)
fōdrōdē (past singular third-person)
fōdrōdā (past singular third-person)
fōdrōm (first-person plural present)
fōdrōdum (first-person past plural)
fōdrōþ (plural present second-person)
fōdrōdud (past plural second-person)
fōdrōnþ (plural present third-person)
fōdrōdun (past plural third-person)
fōdrōdī (first-person past singular)
fōdrōdī (past second-person singular)
fōdrō (present singular third-person)
fōdrōdī (past singular third-person)
fōdrōdīm (first-person past plural)
fōdrōdīd (past plural second-person)
fōdrōn (plural present third-person)
fōdrōdīn (past plural third-person)
fōdrō (present singular)
fōdrōþ (plural present)
fōdrōndī (participle present)
fōdrōd (participle past)

Old English: *fōdrian

Middle English: fodderen

English: fodder

Old Frisian: *fōdria

West Frisian: fuorje, forje, furje

Old Saxon: *fōdrōn

Middle Low German: vōderen, vōdern, fōderen, fōdern

Old High German: *fuotarōn

Middle High German: vuoteren, vuotern, fuoteren, fuotern

From Proto-Germanic *fōdrōną, equivalent to *fōdr (“fodder”) + *-ōn.


fillijan

fillijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
fillijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
fillijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
fillijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
filliju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fillidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fillisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fillidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fillidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
filliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fillidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fillidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fillijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fillidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
filliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fillidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fillijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fillidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fillijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fillidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fillijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fillidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fillijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fillidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fillijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fillidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fillijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fillidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fillijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fillidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
filli (class-1 present singular weak)
filliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
fillijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
fillid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Frisian: filla

Saterland Frisian: fille

West Frisian: fille

Old Saxon: fillian

Middle Low German: villen, fillen

German Low German: fillen

Old Dutch: fillen

desctree

Middle Dutch: villen
Dutch: villen
Afrikaans: vil
Negerhollands: fel, vel

Old High German: fillen

Middle High German: villen, fillen

German: fillen (archaic)


gabārōn

gabārōn (infinitive)
gabārōnijas (genitive infinitive)
gabārōnijē (dative infinitive)
gabārōniju (infinitive instrumental)
gabārō (first-person present singular)
gabārōdā (first-person past singular)
gabārōs (present second-person singular)
gabārōdēs (past second-person singular)
gabārōdōs (past second-person singular)
gabārōþ (present singular third-person)
gabārōdē (past singular third-person)
gabārōdā (past singular third-person)
gabārōm (first-person plural present)
gabārōdum (first-person past plural)
gabārōþ (plural present second-person)
gabārōdud (past plural second-person)
gabārōnþ (plural present third-person)
gabārōdun (past plural third-person)
gabārōdī (first-person past singular)
gabārōdī (past second-person singular)
gabārō (present singular third-person)
gabārōdī (past singular third-person)
gabārōdīm (first-person past plural)
gabārōdīd (past plural second-person)
gabārōn (plural present third-person)
gabārōdīn (past plural third-person)
gabārō (present singular)
gabārōþ (plural present)
gabārōndī (participle present)
gabārōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: gibārōn

Middle Low German: gebâren

Old High German: gibārōn

Middle High German: gebāren

German: gebaren

Likely derived from *gabārī (“movement of the body, behaviour”) + *-ōn


gabārijan

gabārijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
gabārijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
gabārijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
gabārijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
gabāriju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
gabāridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
gabārisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
gabāridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
gabāridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
gabāriþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
gabāridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
gabāridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
gabārijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
gabāridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
gabāriþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
gabāridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
gabārijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
gabāridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
gabārijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
gabāridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
gabārijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
gabāridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
gabārijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
gabāridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
gabārijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
gabāridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
gabārijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
gabāridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
gabārijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
gabāridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
gabāri (class-1 present singular weak)
gabāriþ (class-1 plural present weak)
gabārijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
gabārid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: gebǣran

Middle English: beren

Old Saxon: gibārian

Middle Low German: gibêren (or a descendant of *gabārijōn)

Old Dutch: *gibāren (or a descendant of *gabārijōn)

Middle Dutch: gebâren, gebêren (eastern)

Dutch: gebaren

Old High German: gibāren

Middle High German: gebæren

Likely derived from *gabārī (“movement of the body, behaviour”) + *-jan


bilaskijan

bilaskijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
bilaskijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
bilaskijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
bilaskijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
bilaskiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bilaskidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bilaskisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bilaskidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bilaskidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bilaskiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bilaskidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bilaskidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bilaskijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bilaskidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bilaskiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bilaskidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bilaskijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bilaskidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bilaskijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bilaskidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bilaskijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bilaskidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bilaskijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bilaskidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bilaskijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bilaskidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bilaskijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bilaskidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bilaskijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bilaskidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bilaski (class-1 present singular weak)
bilaskiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
bilaskijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
bilaskid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Frisian: bileska

Old Dutch: *bilesken

Middle Dutch: blesschen, blusschen

Dutch: blussen

→ West Frisian: blusse


uʀlaskijan

uʀlaskijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
uʀlaskijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
uʀlaskijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
uʀlaskijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
uʀlaskiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
uʀlaskidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
uʀlaskisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
uʀlaskidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
uʀlaskidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
uʀlaskiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
uʀlaskidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
uʀlaskidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
uʀlaskijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
uʀlaskidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
uʀlaskiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
uʀlaskidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
uʀlaskijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
uʀlaskidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
uʀlaskijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
uʀlaskidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
uʀlaskijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
uʀlaskidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
uʀlaskijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
uʀlaskidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
uʀlaskijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
uʀlaskidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
uʀlaskijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
uʀlaskidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
uʀlaskijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
uʀlaskidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
uʀlaski (class-1 present singular weak)
uʀlaskiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
uʀlaskijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
uʀlaskid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: āleskian

Old Dutch: irlesken

Old High German: irlesken

Middle High German: erleschen

German: erlöschen, erleschen


walkārī

walkārī (nominative singular)
walkārijō (nominative plural)
walkārijōs (nominative plural)
walkārī (accusative singular)
walkārijā (accusative plural)
walkārijas (genitive singular)
walkārijō (genitive plural)
walkārijē (dative singular)
walkārijum (dative plural)
walkāriju (instrumental singular)
walkārijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wealcere

desctree

Middle English: walkere, walkar, walker
English: waulker, walker
Scots: waulker

Old High German: walkāri, walchare

Middle High German: walker, welker

q

obsolete <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">Welker</i>

German: Walker (obsolete Welker)

From *walk (“rolling”) + *-ārī and/or *walkan or *walkōn + *-ārī.


waigijan

waigijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
waigijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
waigijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
waigijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
waigiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
waigidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
waigisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
waigidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
waigidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
waigiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
waigidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
waigidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
waigijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
waigidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
waigiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
waigidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
waigijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
waigidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
waigijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
waigidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
waigijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
waigidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
waigijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
waigidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
waigijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
waigidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
waigijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
waigidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
waigijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
waigidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
waigi (class-1 present singular weak)
waigiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
waigijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
waigid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: wēgian

Old Dutch: weigen

Old High German: weigen

Uncertain, possibly originally a causative verb derived from the ancestor of *wīgan (“to fight, battle”).


þraigijan

þraigijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
þraigijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
þraigijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
þraigijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
þraigiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
þraigidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
þraigisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
þraigidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þraigidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þraigiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
þraigidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þraigidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þraigijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
þraigidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
þraigiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
þraigidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
þraigijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
þraigidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
þraigijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
þraigidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
þraigijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
þraigidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þraigijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
þraigidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þraigijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
þraigidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
þraigijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
þraigidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
þraigijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
þraigidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
þraigi (class-1 present singular weak)
þraigiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
þraigijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
þraigid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old Saxon: thrēgian
Middle Low German: dreigen

Old Dutch: *threigen, *thrēgen

Middle Dutch: dreigen, drêgen

Dutch: dreigen

→ Old Frisian: drēga, dreiga

desc

West Frisian: driigje, drige, dreigje, dreige

Uncertain, it is speculated to be formed from *þrį̄hwan a doublet of *þringwan (“to press, push”), which preserved the -h- that was replaced with Verner alternant -g- in the latter verb. The form *þrį̄hwan would have been reinterpreted as a class 1 strong verb, which would have led to the creation of this secondary causative with -ai-.


stukkijan

stukkijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
stukkijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
stukkijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
stukkijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
stukkiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stukkidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stukkisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stukkidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stukkidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stukkiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stukkidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stukkidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stukkijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stukkidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stukkiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stukkidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stukkijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stukkidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stukkijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stukkidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stukkijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stukkidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stukkijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stukkidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stukkijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stukkidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stukkijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stukkidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stukkijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stukkidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stukki (class-1 present singular weak)
stukkiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
stukkijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
stukkid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Dutch: stukken

Old High German: stukken


bittjan

bittjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
bittjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
bittjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
bittjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
bittju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bittā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bitisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bittēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bittōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bitiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bittē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bittā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bittjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bittum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bitiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bittud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bittjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bittun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bittjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bittī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bittjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bittī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bittjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bittī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bittjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bittīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bittjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bittīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bittjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bittīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
biti (class-1 present singular weak)
bitiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
bittjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
bitt (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: *bittan
Middle English: bitten, bytten (variant of Middle English biten (“to bite”))

Old Dutch: bitten

Old High German: bizzen

Uncertain, but likely from *biti (“bite”) + *-jan, with the semantic development: "to bite" > "to grind one's teeth" > "to moan".


fratarjan

fratarjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
fratarjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
fratarjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
fratarjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
fratarju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
frataridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fratarisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
frataridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
frataridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fratariþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
frataridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
frataridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fratarjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
frataridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fratariþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
frataridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fratarjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
frataridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fratarjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
frataridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fratarjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
frataridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fratarjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
frataridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fratarjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
frataridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fratarjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
frataridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fratarjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
frataridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fratari (class-1 present singular weak)
fratariþ (class-1 plural present weak)
fratarjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
fratarid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Frisian: fortera
Saterland Frisian: fertere
West Frisian: fertarre

Old Saxon: farterian

Middle Low German: vortēren, vörtēren

German Low German: vertehren

Old Dutch: farteren

Middle Dutch: vertēren, verterren

Dutch: verteren
Afrikaans: verteer
Negerhollands: verteer

Old High German: *firzeren

Middle High German: verzeren, verzern

German: verzehren, verzerren


unþijōn

unþijōn (infinitive)
unþijōnijas (genitive infinitive)
unþijōnijē (dative infinitive)
unþijōniju (infinitive instrumental)
unþijō (first-person present singular)
unþijōdā (first-person past singular)
unþijōs (present second-person singular)
unþijōdēs (past second-person singular)
unþijōdōs (past second-person singular)
unþijōþ (present singular third-person)
unþijōdē (past singular third-person)
unþijōdā (past singular third-person)
unþijōm (first-person plural present)
unþijōdum (first-person past plural)
unþijōþ (plural present second-person)
unþijōdud (past plural second-person)
unþijōnþ (plural present third-person)
unþijōdun (past plural third-person)
unþijōdī (first-person past singular)
unþijōdī (past second-person singular)
unþijō (present singular third-person)
unþijōdī (past singular third-person)
unþijōdīm (first-person past plural)
unþijōdīd (past plural second-person)
unþijōn (plural present third-person)
unþijōdīn (past plural third-person)
unþijō (present singular)
unþijōþ (plural present)
unþijōndī (participle present)
unþijōd (participle past)

Old English: ȳþian

Old High German: undeōn

Middle High German: ünden (or from *unþijan instead)


unþijan

unþijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
unþijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
unþijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
unþijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
unþiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
unþidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
unþisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
unþidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
unþidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
unþiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
unþidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
unþidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
unþijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
unþidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
unþiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
unþidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
unþijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
unþidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
unþijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
unþidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
unþijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
unþidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
unþijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
unþidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
unþijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
unþidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
unþijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
unþidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
unþijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
unþidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
unþi (class-1 present singular weak)
unþiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
unþijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
unþid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: ūthian

Old High German: unden

Middle High German: ünden (or from *unþijōn instead)


hrittjan

hrittjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hrittjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hrittjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hrittjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hrittju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hrittā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hritisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hrittēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hrittōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hritiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hrittē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hrittā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hrittjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hrittum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hritiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hrittud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hrittjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hrittun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hrittjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hrittī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hrittjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hrittī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hrittjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hrittī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hrittjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hrittīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hrittjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hrittīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hrittjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hrittīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hriti (class-1 present singular weak)
hritiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hrittjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hritt (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *hrittan

Middle English: ritten

English: rit (dialectal)

Old Frisian:

>? West Frisian: ridzje

Old Saxon: hrittian

Middle Low German: ritten

Old Dutch: *ritten

Middle Dutch: *ritten

Dutch: ritten

Old High German: rizzen

Middle High German: ritzen

German: ritzen


haubida-

Old English: hēafod-
Middle English: heed
English: head

Old Frisian: hāved-

West Frisian: haad-

Old Saxon: hōvid-, hōƀid-
German Low German: höövd-

Old Dutch: hōvit-

Middle Dutch: hôvet-

Dutch: hoofd-

Old High German: houbit-

Middle High German: houbet-

German: haupt-


haubidamann

haubidamann (nominative singular)
haubidamanni (nominative plural)
haubidamannu (accusative singular)
haubidamanni (accusative plural)
haubidamanni (genitive singular)
haubidamannō (genitive plural)
haubidamanni (dative singular)
haubidamannum (dative plural)
haubidamanni (instrumental singular)
haubidamannum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hēafodmann, hēafodman
Middle English: heed man
English: head man

Old Frisian: hāvedmon

Old Saxon: hōvidmann
German Low German: Hööftmann

Old Dutch: hōvitman
Middle Dutch: hôvetman
Dutch: hoofdman

Old High German: houbitman
Middle High German: houbetman
German: Hauptmann
→ Polish: hetman
→ Belarusian: ге́тман (hjétman)
→ Bulgarian: хе́тман (hétman)
→ English: hetman
→ French: hetman
→ German: Hetman
→ Portuguese: hétmã, hétmane
→ Romanian: hatman
→ Ukrainian: ге́тьман (hétʹman)
→ Russian: ге́тман (gétman)
→ Uzbek: getman
→ Spanish: hetman


harmijan

harmijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
harmijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
harmijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
harmijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
harmiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
harmidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
harmisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
harmidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
harmidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
harmiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
harmidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
harmidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
harmijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
harmidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
harmiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
harmidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
harmijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
harmidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
harmijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
harmidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
harmijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
harmidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
harmijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
harmidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
harmijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
harmidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
harmijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
harmidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
harmijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
harmidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
harmi (class-1 present singular weak)
harmiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
harmijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
harmid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: hermian

Old Dutch: hermen

desc

→ Old French: *harnir, *hernir, *hergner

Middle French: hergner

⇒ Old French: hergnos (“evil, harmful”)

Old High German: hermen

Middle High German: hermen

German: härmen

From Proto-Germanic *harmijaną. Equivalent to *harm + *-jan.


haubidalaus

haubidalaus (masculine nominative singular)
haubidalausu (feminine nominative singular)
haubidalaus (neuter nominative singular)
haubidalausanā (accusative masculine singular)
haubidalausā (accusative feminine singular)
haubidalaus (accusative neuter singular)
haubidalausas (genitive masculine singular)
haubidalauseʀā (feminine genitive singular)
haubidalausas (genitive neuter singular)
haubidalausumē (dative masculine singular)
haubidalauseʀē (dative feminine singular)
haubidalausumē (dative neuter singular)
haubidalausu (instrumental masculine singular)
haubidalauseʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
haubidalausu (instrumental neuter singular)
haubidalausē (masculine nominative plural)
haubidalausō (feminine nominative plural)
haubidalausu (neuter nominative plural)
haubidalausā (accusative masculine plural)
haubidalausā (accusative feminine plural)
haubidalausu (accusative neuter plural)
haubidalauseʀō (genitive masculine plural)
haubidalauseʀō (feminine genitive plural)
haubidalauseʀō (genitive neuter plural)
haubidalausēm (dative masculine plural)
haubidalausum (dative masculine plural)
haubidalausēm (dative feminine plural)
haubidalausum (dative feminine plural)
haubidalausēm (dative neuter plural)
haubidalausum (dative neuter plural)
haubidalausēm (instrumental masculine plural)
haubidalausum (instrumental masculine plural)
haubidalausēm (feminine instrumental plural)
haubidalausum (feminine instrumental plural)
haubidalausēm (instrumental neuter plural)
haubidalausum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: hēafodlēas
Middle English: hevedles, heedles
English: headless

Old Frisian: hāvedlās

Old Dutch: *hōvidlōs

Middle Dutch: *hôvetloos

Dutch: hoofdloos

Old Saxon: *hōvidlōs

Middle Low German: hövetlōs

Old High German: houbitlos

Middle High German: houbetlos

German: hauptlos


sulwōn

sulwōn (infinitive)
sulwōnijas (genitive infinitive)
sulwōnijē (dative infinitive)
sulwōniju (infinitive instrumental)
sulwō (first-person present singular)
sulwōdā (first-person past singular)
sulwōs (present second-person singular)
sulwōdēs (past second-person singular)
sulwōdōs (past second-person singular)
sulwōþ (present singular third-person)
sulwōdē (past singular third-person)
sulwōdā (past singular third-person)
sulwōm (first-person plural present)
sulwōdum (first-person past plural)
sulwōþ (plural present second-person)
sulwōdud (past plural second-person)
sulwōnþ (plural present third-person)
sulwōdun (past plural third-person)
sulwōdī (first-person past singular)
sulwōdī (past second-person singular)
sulwō (present singular third-person)
sulwōdī (past singular third-person)
sulwōdīm (first-person past plural)
sulwōdīd (past plural second-person)
sulwōn (plural present third-person)
sulwōdīn (past plural third-person)
sulwō (present singular)
sulwōþ (plural present)
sulwōndī (participle present)
sulwōd (participle past)

From earlier *sulwijan, equivalent to *sulu (“dirty”) + *-ōn.


ungalaubō

ungalaubō (nominative singular)
ungalauban (nominative plural)
ungalauban (accusative singular)
ungalauban (accusative plural)
ungalaubini (genitive singular)
ungalauban (genitive singular)
ungalaubanō (genitive plural)
ungalaubini (dative singular)
ungalauban (dative singular)
ungalaubum (dative plural)
ungalaubini (instrumental singular)
ungalauban (instrumental singular)
ungalaubum (instrumental plural)

Old English: unġeleafa

Middle English: *unilēve (suggested by unilēfful, unilēflīces, unilēfsumnesse, etc.)

Old Frisian: unlāva

West Frisian: ûnleauwe

Old Saxon: ungilōvo, *unlōvo

Middle Low German: ungelôve, unlôve

German Low German: Unglove, Ungloov

desc

→ Saterland Frisian: Uunglove, Uungloowe

Dutch: ongeloof

Old High German: ungiloubo

Middle High German: ungeloube, ungloube

German: Unglaube


sulwijan

sulwijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
sulwijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
sulwijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
sulwijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
sulwiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
sulwidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sulwisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
sulwidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sulwidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sulwiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
sulwidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sulwidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sulwijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
sulwidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sulwiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
sulwidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
sulwijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
sulwidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sulwijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
sulwidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sulwijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
sulwidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sulwijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
sulwidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sulwijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
sulwidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sulwijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
sulwidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
sulwijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
sulwidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sulwi (class-1 present singular weak)
sulwiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
sulwijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
sulwid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: sylian
Middle English: sulen, sulien
English: sully

Old Frisian: *sulia

⇒ Old Frisian: sulinge, sulenge

Old Saxon: sulwian

Middle Low German: sȫlen

German Low German: sölen

Norwegian:

→ Norwegian Bokmål: søle

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: søle, søyle

→ Swedish: söla

→ Danish: søle

Old Dutch: *sulwen

Middle Dutch: soluwen (Middle Flemish)

West Flemish: seulewen

desc

Old High German: *sulen, *sulwen, *sullen

Middle High German: sulen, sulwen, sülen, sülwen

German: suhlen, sühlen

desctree

→ Old French: souillier
Middle French: souiller
French: souiller

From Proto-Germanic *sulwijaną, equivalent to *sulu (“dirty”) + *-jan.


auknōn

auknōn (infinitive)
auknōnijas (genitive infinitive)
auknōnijē (dative infinitive)
auknōniju (infinitive instrumental)
auknō (first-person present singular)
auknōdā (first-person past singular)
auknōs (present second-person singular)
auknōdēs (past second-person singular)
auknōdōs (past second-person singular)
auknōþ (present singular third-person)
auknōdē (past singular third-person)
auknōdā (past singular third-person)
auknōm (first-person plural present)
auknōdum (first-person past plural)
auknōþ (plural present second-person)
auknōdud (past plural second-person)
auknōnþ (plural present third-person)
auknōdun (past plural third-person)
auknōdī (first-person past singular)
auknōdī (past second-person singular)
auknō (present singular third-person)
auknōdī (past singular third-person)
auknōdīm (first-person past plural)
auknōdīd (past plural second-person)
auknōn (plural present third-person)
auknōdīn (past plural third-person)
auknō (present singular)
auknōþ (plural present)
auknōndī (participle present)
auknōd (participle past)

Old English: ēacnian

(intransitive) to grow, to become larger


aukōn

aukōn (infinitive)
aukōnijas (genitive infinitive)
aukōnijē (dative infinitive)
aukōniju (infinitive instrumental)
aukō (first-person present singular)
aukōdā (first-person past singular)
aukōs (present second-person singular)
aukōdēs (past second-person singular)
aukōdōs (past second-person singular)
aukōþ (present singular third-person)
aukōdē (past singular third-person)
aukōdā (past singular third-person)
aukōm (first-person plural present)
aukōdum (first-person past plural)
aukōþ (plural present second-person)
aukōdud (past plural second-person)
aukōnþ (plural present third-person)
aukōdun (past plural third-person)
aukōdī (first-person past singular)
aukōdī (past second-person singular)
aukō (present singular third-person)
aukōdī (past singular third-person)
aukōdīm (first-person past plural)
aukōdīd (past plural second-person)
aukōn (plural present third-person)
aukōdīn (past plural third-person)
aukō (present singular)
aukōþ (plural present)
aukōndī (participle present)
aukōd (participle past)

Old English: ēacian

q

Middle English: eken (merged with the descendants of *aukan and *aukijan)

English: eke

Old Dutch: *ōkon (uncertain, could also be from *aukan and / or *aukijan)

Middle Dutch: ôken

Old High German: ouhhōn

Middle High German: ouchen

From Proto-Germanic *aukōną. Equivalent to *aukō (“an increase”) + *-ōn.


aukijan

aukijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
aukijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
aukijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
aukijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
aukiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
aukidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
aukisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
aukidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
aukidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
aukiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
aukidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
aukidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
aukijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
aukidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
aukiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
aukidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
aukijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
aukidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
aukijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
aukidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
aukijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
aukidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
aukijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
aukidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
aukijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
aukidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
aukijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
aukidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
aukijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
aukidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
auki (class-1 present singular weak)
aukiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
aukijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
aukid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: īecan

Middle English: eken (merged with the descendants of *aukan and *aukōn)

English: eke

Old Saxon: ōkian

Middle Low German: ȫken

Old Dutch: *ōken (uncertain, could also be from *aukan and / or *aukōn)

Middle Dutch: ôken

Old High German: *ouhhen

⇒ Old High German: giouhhen

⇒ Old High German: untarouhhen


haubidaburg

haubidaburg (nominative singular)
haubidaburgi (nominative plural)
haubidaburgu (accusative singular)
haubidaburgi (accusative plural)
haubidaburgi (genitive singular)
haubidaburgō (genitive plural)
haubidaburgi (dative singular)
haubidaburgum (dative plural)
haubidaburgi (instrumental singular)
haubidaburgum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: hēafodburg, hēafodburh
Middle English: heed burgh

Old High German: houbitburg


haubidawundu

haubidawundu (nominative singular)
haubidawundō (nominative plural)
haubidawundā (accusative singular)
haubidawundā (accusative plural)
haubidawundā (genitive singular)
haubidawundō (genitive plural)
haubidawundē (dative singular)
haubidawundōm (dative plural)
haubidawundum (dative plural)
haubidawundu (instrumental singular)
haubidawundōm (instrumental plural)
haubidawundum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hēafodwund
Middle English: hæfved wund, hæfved wunde
English: headwound

Old Frisian: hāvedwunde

West Frisian: haadwûne

Old Saxon: hōvidwunda

Old Dutch: *hōvitwunda

Dutch: hoofdwond

Old High German: *houbitwunda

German: Hauptwunde


haubidabolstr

haubidabolstr (nominative singular)
haubidabolstrō (nominative plural)
haubidabolstrōs (nominative plural)
haubidabolstr (accusative singular)
haubidabolstrā (accusative plural)
haubidabolstras (genitive singular)
haubidabolstrō (genitive plural)
haubidabolstrē (dative singular)
haubidabolstrum (dative plural)
haubidabolstru (instrumental singular)
haubidabolstrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hēafodbolster
Middle English: heed-bolster
English: head bolster

Old High German: houbitbolstar


forēhaubid

forēhaubid (nominative singular)
forēhaubidu (nominative plural)
forēhaubid (accusative singular)
forēhaubidu (accusative plural)
forēhaubidas (genitive singular)
forēhaubidō (genitive plural)
forēhaubidē (dative singular)
forēhaubidum (dative plural)
forēhaubidu (instrumental singular)
forēhaubidum (instrumental plural)

Old English: forehēafod
Middle English: forheed
English: forehead

Old Frisian: farehaft

Old Saxon: *forahōƀid, *furihōƀid

Middle Low German: vȫrhö̂vet

Low German: Vörhööft

Old Dutch: *forahōvid

Middle Dutch: vōrehôvet

Dutch: voorhoofd

desc

Old High German: *forahoubit, *furihoubit (attested as vorhoibeth, vorehouvet)

Middle High German: vorhoubet, vürhoubet

German: (archaic) Vorhaupt, (obsolete) Fürhaupt


Frīsan

frīsan (nominative plural)
frīsan (accusative plural)
frīsanō (genitive plural)
frīsum (dative plural)
frīsum (instrumental plural)

Old English: Frīsan, Frēsan

Old Frisian: Frīsa, Frēsa

West Frisian: Friezen

Old High German: Frīson, Frieson

German: Friesen

From Proto-Germanic *frīsaniz (if an n-stem like in West Germanic) or frīsīz (if an i-stem like Old Norse frísir). It is also possible that both forms existed simultaneously.


frīsō

frīsō (nominative singular)
frīsan (nominative plural)
frīsan (accusative singular)
frīsan (accusative plural)
frīsini (genitive singular)
frīsan (genitive singular)
frīsanō (genitive plural)
frīsini (dative singular)
frīsan (dative singular)
frīsum (dative plural)
frīsini (instrumental singular)
frīsan (instrumental singular)
frīsum (instrumental plural)

Old English: Frīsa, Frēsa

Middle English: Frīse

English: Frise

Old Frisian: Frīsa, Frēsa

West Frisian: Fries

Old Saxon: *Frēso

Middle Low German: Vrêse

Old Dutch: Frieso, Friso, Freso

Middle Dutch: Vriese, Vrise, Vrese, Friese, Frise

Dutch: Fries

Old High German: *Frīso, *Frieso, singular of Frīson, Frieson

German: Friese

From Proto-Germanic *frīsô (if an n-stem like in West Germanic) or *frīsiz (if an i-stem like the Old Norse plural frísir). It is also possible that both forms existed simultaneously.


lubbjan

lubbjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
lubbjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
lubbjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
lubbjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
lubbju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
lubidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
lubisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
lubidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
lubidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
lubiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
lubidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
lubidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
lubbjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
lubidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
lubiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
lubidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
lubbjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
lubidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
lubbjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
lubidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
lubbjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
lubidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
lubbjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
lubidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
lubbjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
lubidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
lubbjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
lubidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
lubbjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
lubidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
lubi (class-1 present singular weak)
lubiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
lubbjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
lubid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *lybban

gl

Middle English: *libben (found in Middle English libbyng, lybbere)

English: lib

Scots: lib

Old Saxon: lubbian

Middle Low German: lübben

Old Dutch: *lubben

Middle Dutch: lubben

Dutch: lubben

Old High German: lubben

Middle High German: lüppen


gawāpnī

gawāpnī (nominative singular)
gawāpniju (nominative plural)
gawāpnī (accusative singular)
gawāpniju (accusative plural)
gawāpnijas (genitive singular)
gawāpnijō (genitive plural)
gawāpnijē (dative singular)
gawāpnijum (dative plural)
gawāpniju (instrumental singular)
gawāpnijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġewǣpne

Old Saxon: giwāpni

Old High German: giwāfani

*ga- + *wāpn (“weapon”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix)


riddjō

riddjō (nominative singular)
riddjan (nominative plural)
riddjan (accusative singular)
riddjan (accusative plural)
riddjini (genitive singular)
riddjan (genitive singular)
riddjanō (genitive plural)
riddjini (dative singular)
riddjan (dative singular)
riddjum (dative plural)
riddjini (instrumental singular)
riddjan (instrumental singular)
riddjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ridda

Old High German: ritto

From Proto-Germanic *ridjô. Equivalent to *rīdan (“to ride”) + *-jō.


rustijan

rustijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
rustijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
rustijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
rustijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
rustiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
rustidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
rustisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
rustidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rustidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rustiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
rustidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rustidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rustijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
rustidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
rustiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
rustidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
rustijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
rustidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
rustijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
rustidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
rustijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
rustidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rustijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
rustidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rustijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
rustidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
rustijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
rustidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
rustijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
rustidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
rusti (class-1 present singular weak)
rustiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
rustijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
rustid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *rystan

Middle English: rusten, risten

desctree

merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmw-pro">*rastijan</i>

Old Frisian: resta (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *rastijan)
Saterland Frisian: rääste
West Frisian: rêste

Old Saxon: *rustian

Middle Low German: rusten

German Low German: rüsten

Old Dutch: *rusten

Middle Dutch: rusten

Dutch: rusten

Old High German: *rusten

Middle High German: rusten