hakkōn

hakkōn (infinitive)
hakkōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hakkōnijē (dative infinitive)
hakkōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hakkō (first-person present singular)
hakkōdā (first-person past singular)
hakkōs (present second-person singular)
hakkōdēs (past second-person singular)
hakkōdōs (past second-person singular)
hakkōþ (present singular third-person)
hakkōdē (past singular third-person)
hakkōdā (past singular third-person)
hakkōm (first-person plural present)
hakkōdum (first-person past plural)
hakkōþ (plural present second-person)
hakkōdud (past plural second-person)
hakkōnþ (plural present third-person)
hakkōdun (past plural third-person)
hakkōdī (first-person past singular)
hakkōdī (past second-person singular)
hakkō (present singular third-person)
hakkōdī (past singular third-person)
hakkōdīm (first-person past plural)
hakkōdīd (past plural second-person)
hakkōn (plural present third-person)
hakkōdīn (past plural third-person)
hakkō (present singular)
hakkōþ (plural present)
hakkōndī (participle present)
hakkōd (participle past)

Old English: *haccian
Middle English: hakken
English: hack
Scots: hak, hack

Old Frisian: *hakkia, *hakia

Saterland Frisian: häkje

West Frisian: hakje

⇒ Old Frisian: tohakia, *tohakkia

Old Saxon: *hakkōn

Middle Low German: hacken

German Low German: hacken

Plautdietsch: haken

→ Danish: hakke

→ Swedish: hacka

→ Norn: hakka

→ Norwegian: hakke

→ Faroese: hakka

→ Icelandic: hakka

→ Gutnish: hakke

Old Dutch: *hakkon, *hakon

Middle Dutch: hacken
Dutch: hakken
Limburgish: hakke

Old High German: hacchōn, *hakkōn

Middle High German: hacken

Bavarian: håckn

Cimbrian: hàkhan

German: hacken
→ Estonian: hakkima

→ Old French: hacher (see there for further descendants)


skaub

skaub (nominative singular)
skaubō (nominative plural)
skaubōs (nominative plural)
skaub (accusative singular)
skaubā (accusative plural)
skaubas (genitive singular)
skaubō (genitive plural)
skaubē (dative singular)
skaubum (dative plural)
skaubu (instrumental singular)
skaubum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: sċēaf
Middle English: scheef
English: sheaf
Scots: schefe, scheif

Old Frisian: *skāf

Saterland Frisian: Schoof, Schoowe

West Frisian: skeaf

Old Saxon: skōf

Middle Low German: schôf

Low German: Schoof

→ German: Schof

Old Dutch: *skōf

Middle Dutch: scoef, schoof

Dutch: schoof

Afrikaans: skoof

Old High German: skoub, scoub
Middle High German: schoup
German: Schaub


gardō

gardō (nominative singular)
gardan (nominative plural)
gardan (accusative singular)
gardan (accusative plural)
gardini (genitive singular)
gardan (genitive singular)
gardanō (genitive plural)
gardini (dative singular)
gardan (dative singular)
gardum (dative plural)
gardini (instrumental singular)
gardan (instrumental singular)
gardum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: garda

North Frisian: gard, gerd, gord

Old Saxon: gardo

Middle Low German: garde, gārde

German Low German: Goorn

Old Dutch: gardo
Middle Dutch: garde
Dutch: gaard
Limburgish: gäörd

Old High German: garto
Middle High German: garte
Alemannic German: Garte, Gaarte
Bavarian: Gåatn, Goatn, Gårtn, Gåschtn
Cimbrian: gaarto, gart (Luserna)
Central Franconian: (Ripuarian) Jaade, Jaat, (Moselle Franconian) Gaade, Gaarde, Goarde, Goart, ([ˈɡɔːɐ̯tn̩] Britten)
Hunsrik: Gaarde
Luxembourgish: Gaart
East Franconian: [ˈɡ̊ad̥n̩]
German: Garten
Rhine Franconian: (South Hessian) /ˈɡaːtə/, /ˈɡaːrə/, (Palatine) /ˈɡaːtə/
Pennsylvania German: Gaarde
Yiddish: גאָרטן (gortn)


wundr

wundr (nominative singular)
wundru (nominative plural)
wundr (accusative singular)
wundru (accusative plural)
wundras (genitive singular)
wundrō (genitive plural)
wundrē (dative singular)
wundrum (dative plural)
wundru (instrumental singular)
wundrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wundor

Middle English: wunder, wonder

English: wonder

Scots: winder

Scots: wunner

Old Frisian: wunder, wonder

Saterland Frisian: Wunder, Wunner

West Frisian: wonder, wûnder

Old Saxon: wundar

Middle Low German: wunder

German Low German: Wunner

Low German: wunder, wunner

Old Dutch: wundar

Middle Dutch: wunder, wonder

Dutch: wonder

Afrikaans: wonder

Old High German: wuntar, *wundar

Middle High German: wunder

German: Wunder

Luxembourgish: Wonner

Vilamovian: wunder


hagatussjā

hagatussjā (nominative singular)
hagatussjōn (nominative plural)
hagatussjōn (accusative singular)
hagatussjōn (accusative plural)
hagatussjōn (genitive singular)
hagatussjōnō (genitive plural)
hagatussjōn (dative singular)
hagatussjōm (dative plural)
hagatussjum (dative plural)
hagatussjōn (instrumental singular)
hagatussjōm (instrumental plural)
hagatussjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hægtesse, hæġtes, hæġtess, heġtes, hǣts
Middle English: hagge, hegge
English: hag

Old Frisian: *hegtesse, *hexe

Saterland Frisian: Häkse

West Frisian: hekse

Old Saxon: *hagatusia

Middle Low German: hexe

German Low German: Häxe, Hexe

Plautdietsch: Hakjs

→ Danish: heks

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: heks

→ Swedish: häxa

Old Dutch: *hagatissa

Middle Dutch: hagetisse

Dutch: hagedis (dialectal)

Old High German: hagzissa
Middle High German: hecse, hesse, hexse, hegxse, hexe
German: Hexe
→ Dutch: heks
Afrikaans: heks
→ Papiamentu: hèks
→ Polish: heksa
Luxembourgish: Hex

Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Germanic *hagatusjō, from *hagô (“enclosure; pasture”) + *tusjō (“witch, demon”) (whence Norwegian tysja (“witch, demon”)), compare English hedgewitch. Second element perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *dʰews- (“breath; spirit”), whence Proto-Slavic *duxъ (“breath; spirit”).

der

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache


skelh

skelh (masculine nominative singular)
skelhu (feminine nominative singular)
skelh (neuter nominative singular)
skelhanā (accusative masculine singular)
skelhā (accusative feminine singular)
skelh (accusative neuter singular)
skelhas (genitive masculine singular)
skelheʀā (feminine genitive singular)
skelhas (genitive neuter singular)
skelhumē (dative masculine singular)
skelheʀē (dative feminine singular)
skelhumē (dative neuter singular)
skelhu (instrumental masculine singular)
skelheʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
skelhu (instrumental neuter singular)
skelhē (masculine nominative plural)
skelhō (feminine nominative plural)
skelhu (neuter nominative plural)
skelhā (accusative masculine plural)
skelhā (accusative feminine plural)
skelhu (accusative neuter plural)
skelheʀō (genitive masculine plural)
skelheʀō (feminine genitive plural)
skelheʀō (genitive neuter plural)
skelhēm (dative masculine plural)
skelhum (dative masculine plural)
skelhēm (dative feminine plural)
skelhum (dative feminine plural)
skelhēm (dative neuter plural)
skelhum (dative neuter plural)
skelhēm (instrumental masculine plural)
skelhum (instrumental masculine plural)
skelhēm (feminine instrumental plural)
skelhum (feminine instrumental plural)
skelhēm (instrumental neuter plural)
skelhum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: sċeolh, sċeol

desc

⇒ Old English: sċeolhēagede, sċylhēagede, sċelgegede

Middle English: sculeiȝede

Old Saxon: *skelh, *skel

Middle Low German: schēle, schēl

→ German: scheel

Old Dutch: *skelh, *skel

Middle Dutch: schēel

Dutch: scheel

Afrikaans: skeel

Limburgish: sjael

Old High German: skelah

Middle High German: schelh, schelch, schel, schelwe, schelb

German: schelch (obsolete)


kiʀn

kiʀn (nominative singular)
kiʀnō (nominative plural)
kiʀnōs (nominative plural)
kiʀn (accusative singular)
kiʀnā (accusative plural)
kiʀnas (genitive singular)
kiʀnō (genitive plural)
kiʀnē (dative singular)
kiʀnum (dative plural)
kiʀnu (instrumental singular)
kiʀnum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ċēn

Old Frisian: *kēn, *kin

Saterland Frisian: Käin

⇒ West Frisian: kynbeam

⇒ West Frisian: kynhout

Old Saxon: *kin, *kēn

Middle Low German: kên, kin

Low German: keen

Old Dutch: *kien

Middle Dutch: kien, kiene

Dutch: kien

⇒ Dutch: kienhout

⇒ Dutch: kienspaan

⇒ Dutch: Kinrooi (placename)

Old High German: kēn, kien, chien

Middle High German: kien

German: Kien

Unknown; possibly cognate with Irish giúis, Scottish Gaelic giuthas (“spruce”).

resinous pine wood which was used for torches


kerban

kerban (infinitive)
kerbannjas (genitive infinitive)
kerbannjē (dative infinitive)
kerbannju (infinitive instrumental)
kerbu (first-person present singular)
karb (first-person past singular)
kirbiʀi (present second-person singular)
kurbī (past second-person singular)
kirbidi (present singular third-person)
karb (past singular third-person)
kerbum (first-person plural present)
kurbum (first-person past plural)
kirbid (plural present second-person)
kurbud (past plural second-person)
kerband (plural present third-person)
kurbun (past plural third-person)
kerbē (first-person present singular)
kurbī (first-person past singular)
kerbēs (present second-person singular)
kerbē (present singular third-person)
kurbī (past singular third-person)
kerbēm (first-person plural present)
kurbīm (first-person past plural)
kerbēþ (plural present second-person)
kurbīd (past plural second-person)
kerbēn (plural present third-person)
kurbīn (past plural third-person)
kirb (present singular)
kirbid (plural present)
kerbandī (participle present)
korban (participle past)

desctree

Old English: ceorfan
Middle English: cherven
Middle English: kerven, carve, carven, cerven, karven, kerve, kirven, kyrvyn, ceorfan, ceorfæn, keorven (Early Middle English)
English: carve
Scots: cairve, kerve, kerf, carf

Old Frisian: kerva

North Frisian: karve

Saterland Frisian: käärwje

West Frisian: kerve

Old Saxon: kervan

Middle Low German: kerven, karven

Low German: karven

→ Danish: karve

→ Swedish: karva

→ Norwegian: karve

Old Dutch: *kervan
Middle Dutch: kerven
Dutch: kerven

Old High German: kerban

Middle High German: kërben

Alemannic German: chërbe, kërbe

German: kerben

East Franconian: kerwe

Vilamovian: karwa

Yiddish: קאַרבן (karbn)

→ Polish: karbować


nattjan

nattjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
nattjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
nattjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
nattjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
nattju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
nattā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
natisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
nattēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
nattōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
natiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
nattē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
nattā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
nattjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
nattum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
natiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
nattud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
nattjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
nattun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
nattjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
nattī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
nattjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
nattī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
nattjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
nattī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
nattjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
nattīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
nattjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
nattīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
nattjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
nattīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
nati (class-1 present singular weak)
natiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
nattjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
natt (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *nettan

gl

⇒? Middle English: netting (possibly from Middle Low German nette (“wetness, urine”), nattinge (“wetness”))

English: netting (“urine”)

Old Saxon: *nettian

Middle Low German: netten, natten

German Low German: natten, nattjen

Old Dutch: *netten

Middle Dutch: netten, natten

Dutch: netten

Old High German: nezzen

Middle High German: netzen

German: netzen (archaic); benetzen, nässen

Luxembourgish: netzen

From Proto-Germanic *natjaną. Equivalent to *nat (“wet”) + *-jan.


nattjan

Old High German: *nezzen

Middle High German: netzen

⇒ Old High German: benezzen

From Proto-Germanic *natjaną. Equivalent to *nati (“net”) + *-jan.


framiþī

framiþī (masculine nominative singular)
framiþiju (feminine nominative singular)
framiþī (neuter nominative singular)
framiþijanā (accusative masculine singular)
framiþijā (accusative feminine singular)
framiþī (accusative neuter singular)
framiþijas (genitive masculine singular)
framiþijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
framiþijas (genitive neuter singular)
framiþijumē (dative masculine singular)
framiþijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
framiþijumē (dative neuter singular)
framiþiju (instrumental masculine singular)
framiþijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
framiþiju (instrumental neuter singular)
framiþijē (masculine nominative plural)
framiþijō (feminine nominative plural)
framiþiju (neuter nominative plural)
framiþijā (accusative masculine plural)
framiþijā (accusative feminine plural)
framiþiju (accusative neuter plural)
framiþijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
framiþijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
framiþijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
framiþijēm (dative masculine plural)
framiþijum (dative masculine plural)
framiþijēm (dative feminine plural)
framiþijum (dative feminine plural)
framiþijēm (dative neuter plural)
framiþijum (dative neuter plural)
framiþijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
framiþijum (instrumental masculine plural)
framiþijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
framiþijum (feminine instrumental plural)
framiþijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
framiþijum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: fremde, fremede, fremeþe
Middle English: fremde, fremede, fremed, fremmed, frempt, fremmid, fremmede, freomede, ffremyd, fremd
English: fremd (rare, chiefly dialectal)
Scots: fremmit, fremd, frempt, frem

desc

Old Frisian: framede, framde, fromede, fromde

Saterland Frisian: froamd

West Frisian: frjemd, freamd

desctree

Old Saxon: fremithi, fremidi
Middle Low German: vremede, vremde, vrömede, vrömde
German Low German: frömd
Plautdietsch: framd
→ Old Norse: framandi
Icelandic: framandi
Faroese: fremmandur
>? Norn: fremd (perhaps from Old or Middle English)
Norwegian Nynorsk: framand; (dialectal) framund
Swedish: främmad (dated, poetic, dialectal), främmande
Danish: fremmed
Norwegian Bokmål: fremmed
Gutnish: främmande, främmandi
→ Middle English: fromond

Old Dutch: fremithi
Middle Dutch: vremt
Dutch: vreemd
Afrikaans: vreemd
Negerhollands: vreemd
Limburgish: vraemp

Old High German: fremidi

Middle High German: vremede, vremde

Central Franconian: fremb

Cimbrian: brömade

German: fremd

Luxembourgish: friem

Vilamovian: fremd

Yiddish: פֿרעמד (fremd)

From Proto-Germanic *framaþiz. The reason for the change of the second-syllable vowel from *a to *i is unknown.


skeutan

skeutan (infinitive)
skeutannjas (genitive infinitive)
skeutannjē (dative infinitive)
skeutannju (infinitive instrumental)
skeutu (first-person present singular)
skaut (first-person past singular)
skiutiʀi (present second-person singular)
skutī (past second-person singular)
skiutidi (present singular third-person)
skaut (past singular third-person)
skeutum (first-person plural present)
skutum (first-person past plural)
skiutid (plural present second-person)
skutud (past plural second-person)
skeutand (plural present third-person)
skutun (past plural third-person)
skeutē (first-person present singular)
skutī (first-person past singular)
skeutēs (present second-person singular)
skeutē (present singular third-person)
skutī (past singular third-person)
skeutēm (first-person plural present)
skutīm (first-person past plural)
skeutēþ (plural present second-person)
skutīd (past plural second-person)
skeutēn (plural present third-person)
skutīn (past plural third-person)
skiut (present singular)
skiutid (plural present)
skeutandī (participle present)
skotan (participle past)

Old English: sċēotan
Middle English: shoten, shuten, sheten
English: shoot, skeet
Scots: schute, schuit, schote, schoot, schete
Yola: zhoult

Old Frisian: skiata
West Frisian: sjitte

Old Saxon: skiotan
Middle Low German: scheten
Low German: scheten

Old Dutch: skietan
Middle Dutch: schieten
Dutch: schieten
Afrikaans: skiet
Berbice Creole Dutch: skiti
Jersey Dutch: sxjite
Negerhollands: skud, skit, skiet
→ Indonesian: sekip
→ Papiamentu: skit
Limburgish: sjete

Old High German: sciozzan
Middle High German: schiezzen
Bavarian:
Viennese: schiaßen
Alemannic German: schieße
Central Franconian: schieße, scheeße (Ripuarian, northern Moselle Franconian)
German: schießen
Hunsrik: schiese
Luxembourgish: schéissen
Vilamovian: śisa
Yiddish: שיסן (shisn)


skaunī

skaunī (masculine nominative singular)
skauniju (feminine nominative singular)
skaunī (neuter nominative singular)
skaunijanā (accusative masculine singular)
skaunijā (accusative feminine singular)
skaunī (accusative neuter singular)
skaunijas (genitive masculine singular)
skaunijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
skaunijas (genitive neuter singular)
skaunijumē (dative masculine singular)
skaunijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
skaunijumē (dative neuter singular)
skauniju (instrumental masculine singular)
skaunijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
skauniju (instrumental neuter singular)
skaunijē (masculine nominative plural)
skaunijō (feminine nominative plural)
skauniju (neuter nominative plural)
skaunijā (accusative masculine plural)
skaunijā (accusative feminine plural)
skauniju (accusative neuter plural)
skaunijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
skaunijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
skaunijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
skaunijēm (dative masculine plural)
skaunijum (dative masculine plural)
skaunijēm (dative feminine plural)
skaunijum (dative feminine plural)
skaunijēm (dative neuter plural)
skaunijum (dative neuter plural)
skaunijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
skaunijum (instrumental masculine plural)
skaunijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
skaunijum (feminine instrumental plural)
skaunijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
skaunijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: sċīene, sċēne, sċēone, sċīne, sċīone, sċȳne
Middle English: schene, schen, schone, shone
English: sheen
Scots: schene, scheine

Old Frisian: skēne

North Frisian: schien

Saterland Frisian: skeen

West Frisian: skjin

Old Saxon: skōni
Middle Low German: schö̂ne
Low German: schöön
Altmärkisch: schön
Bremisch: schön (substantivised: (dat) Schöne n)
Dithmarsisch: schön
Hamburgisch: scheun
Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch: schön
Ostfälisch: schöne (schön)
Westfälisch:
Lippisch: scheun
Münsterländisch: schön
Paderbornisch: schoin
Ravensbergisch: schåün
Sauerländisch: schoine, scho̊n
Westmünsterländisch: schöön
Plautdietsch: scheen
→ Old Swedish: skön
Swedish: skön
→ Danish: skøn
→ Norwegian Bokmål: skjønn
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: skjønn

Old Dutch: scōni
Middle Dutch: schône
Dutch: schoon
Afrikaans: skoon
→ West Frisian: skoan
Limburgish: sjoen, sjoean, sjuun, sjun

Old High German: scōni
Middle High German: schœne
Bavarian: schee
Cimbrian: söon, schümma (Luserna)
Mòcheno: schea'
Central Franconian: schün
Hunsrik: scheen
East Central German:
Silesian East Central German: scheene
Volhynian German: scheen
East Franconian: schee
German: schön
→ Central Franconian: schön, schien
Luxembourgish: schéin
Rhine Franconian:
Hessian: schee
Palatine German: schee, schää, schään
Pennsylvania German: schee
Yiddish: שיין (sheyn)

From Proto-Germanic *skauniz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


wītag

wītag (masculine nominative singular)
wītagu (feminine nominative singular)
wītag (neuter nominative singular)
wītaganā (accusative masculine singular)
wītagā (accusative feminine singular)
wītag (accusative neuter singular)
wītagas (genitive masculine singular)
wītageʀā (feminine genitive singular)
wītagas (genitive neuter singular)
wītagumē (dative masculine singular)
wītageʀē (dative feminine singular)
wītagumē (dative neuter singular)
wītagu (instrumental masculine singular)
wītageʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
wītagu (instrumental neuter singular)
wītagē (masculine nominative plural)
wītagō (feminine nominative plural)
wītagu (neuter nominative plural)
wītagā (accusative masculine plural)
wītagā (accusative feminine plural)
wītagu (accusative neuter plural)
wītageʀō (genitive masculine plural)
wītageʀō (feminine genitive plural)
wītageʀō (genitive neuter plural)
wītagēm (dative masculine plural)
wītagum (dative masculine plural)
wītagēm (dative feminine plural)
wītagum (dative feminine plural)
wītagēm (dative neuter plural)
wītagum (dative neuter plural)
wītagēm (instrumental masculine plural)
wītagum (instrumental masculine plural)
wītagēm (feminine instrumental plural)
wītagum (feminine instrumental plural)
wītagēm (instrumental neuter plural)
wītagum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: wītiġ

Old High German: wīzag


witīg

witīg (masculine nominative singular)
witīgu (feminine nominative singular)
witīg (neuter nominative singular)
witīganā (accusative masculine singular)
witīgā (accusative feminine singular)
witīg (accusative neuter singular)
witīgas (genitive masculine singular)
witīgeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
witīgas (genitive neuter singular)
witīgumē (dative masculine singular)
witīgeʀē (dative feminine singular)
witīgumē (dative neuter singular)
witīgu (instrumental masculine singular)
witīgeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
witīgu (instrumental neuter singular)
witīgē (masculine nominative plural)
witīgō (feminine nominative plural)
witīgu (neuter nominative plural)
witīgā (accusative masculine plural)
witīgā (accusative feminine plural)
witīgu (accusative neuter plural)
witīgeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
witīgeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
witīgeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
witīgēm (dative masculine plural)
witīgum (dative masculine plural)
witīgēm (dative feminine plural)
witīgum (dative feminine plural)
witīgēm (dative neuter plural)
witīgum (dative neuter plural)
witīgēm (instrumental masculine plural)
witīgum (instrumental masculine plural)
witīgēm (feminine instrumental plural)
witīgum (feminine instrumental plural)
witīgēm (instrumental neuter plural)
witīgum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: wittiġ, witiġ
Middle English: witti, witty
English: witty
Scots: wittie, witty

Old Frisian: wittich, witich

Old Saxon: *wittig, *witig

desc

Middle Low German: wittich, wettich, wētich

Old Dutch: *wittig, *witig

Middle Dutch: witigh, wittich, wittigh

Old High German: wizzīg

Middle High German: wizzic, wizzec

German: witzig

From *witi (“knowledge, sense, wit”) + *-g.


skard

skard (masculine nominative singular)
skardu (feminine nominative singular)
skard (neuter nominative singular)
skardanā (accusative masculine singular)
skardā (accusative feminine singular)
skard (accusative neuter singular)
skardas (genitive masculine singular)
skardeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
skardas (genitive neuter singular)
skardumē (dative masculine singular)
skardeʀē (dative feminine singular)
skardumē (dative neuter singular)
skardu (instrumental masculine singular)
skardeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
skardu (instrumental neuter singular)
skardē (masculine nominative plural)
skardō (feminine nominative plural)
skardu (neuter nominative plural)
skardā (accusative masculine plural)
skardā (accusative feminine plural)
skardu (accusative neuter plural)
skardeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
skardeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
skardeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
skardēm (dative masculine plural)
skardum (dative masculine plural)
skardēm (dative feminine plural)
skardum (dative feminine plural)
skardēm (dative neuter plural)
skardum (dative neuter plural)
skardēm (instrumental masculine plural)
skardum (instrumental masculine plural)
skardēm (feminine instrumental plural)
skardum (feminine instrumental plural)
skardēm (instrumental neuter plural)
skardum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: sċeard
Middle English: scherd, scheard, scheord, scherde, schord, shard, sherd, sherde
English: shard, sherd
Scots: shaird
Yola: sheardhe, sheardh, shearde, sharde

Old Frisian: skerd, skerde

Old Saxon: skard

Middle Low German: schart

Old High German: *skart

Middle High German: schart, scharte

German: Scharte

From Proto-Germanic *skardaz, from Proto-Indo-European *skerdʰ-.


skard

skard (nominative singular)
skardu (nominative plural)
skard (accusative singular)
skardu (accusative plural)
skardas (genitive singular)
skardō (genitive plural)
skardē (dative singular)
skardum (dative plural)
skardu (instrumental singular)
skardum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: skerd

Saterland Frisian: Skeed

West Frisian: schird, skurd

Old Saxon: *skard

Middle Low German: schart

German Low German: Schaarde

Old Dutch: *skard

desc

Middle Dutch: scart, scaert, schaerde, scheerde

Dutch: schaarde

→ West Frisian: skaart

Old High German: scart; *skarti

Middle High German: scharte

German: Scharte

Luxembourgish: Schaart

→ Catalan: esquerda

→ Old French: escharde, escherde

Middle French: eschardre

French: écharde

→ Old Italian: scarda

⇒ Italian: scardare

→ Basque: eskarda

From Proto-Germanic *skardą, derivative of *skardaz.


skrūd

skrūd (nominative singular)
skrūdu (nominative plural)
skrūd (accusative singular)
skrūdu (accusative plural)
skrūdas (genitive singular)
skrūdō (genitive plural)
skrūdē (dative singular)
skrūdum (dative plural)
skrūdu (instrumental singular)
skrūdum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: sċrūd
Middle English: schroud, shroude, shroute, sheroude, shrude, shrute, scrude, sroude, srout, srud, sruð, ssroud (Early Middle English)
English: shroud
Yola: shrude


brūkī

brūkī (masculine nominative singular)
brūkiju (feminine nominative singular)
brūkī (neuter nominative singular)
brūkijanā (accusative masculine singular)
brūkijā (accusative feminine singular)
brūkī (accusative neuter singular)
brūkijas (genitive masculine singular)
brūkijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
brūkijas (genitive neuter singular)
brūkijumē (dative masculine singular)
brūkijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
brūkijumē (dative neuter singular)
brūkiju (instrumental masculine singular)
brūkijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
brūkiju (instrumental neuter singular)
brūkijē (masculine nominative plural)
brūkijō (feminine nominative plural)
brūkiju (neuter nominative plural)
brūkijā (accusative masculine plural)
brūkijā (accusative feminine plural)
brūkiju (accusative neuter plural)
brūkijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
brūkijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
brūkijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
brūkijēm (dative masculine plural)
brūkijum (dative masculine plural)
brūkijēm (dative feminine plural)
brūkijum (dative feminine plural)
brūkijēm (dative neuter plural)
brūkijum (dative neuter plural)
brūkijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
brūkijum (instrumental masculine plural)
brūkijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
brūkijum (feminine instrumental plural)
brūkijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
brūkijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: brȳċe (“useful”)

Middle English: bryche, briche

Old High German: brūhhi

From Proto-Germanic *brūkiz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


frek

frek (masculine nominative singular)
freku (feminine nominative singular)
frek (neuter nominative singular)
frekanā (accusative masculine singular)
frekā (accusative feminine singular)
frek (accusative neuter singular)
frekas (genitive masculine singular)
frekeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
frekas (genitive neuter singular)
frekumē (dative masculine singular)
frekeʀē (dative feminine singular)
frekumē (dative neuter singular)
freku (instrumental masculine singular)
frekeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
freku (instrumental neuter singular)
frekē (masculine nominative plural)
frekō (feminine nominative plural)
freku (neuter nominative plural)
frekā (accusative masculine plural)
frekā (accusative feminine plural)
freku (accusative neuter plural)
frekeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
frekeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
frekeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
frekēm (dative masculine plural)
frekum (dative masculine plural)
frekēm (dative feminine plural)
frekum (dative feminine plural)
frekēm (dative neuter plural)
frekum (dative neuter plural)
frekēm (instrumental masculine plural)
frekum (instrumental masculine plural)
frekēm (feminine instrumental plural)
frekum (feminine instrumental plural)
frekēm (instrumental neuter plural)
frekum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: frec

Middle English: frec, frek (merging with other synonymous words from *frakjaz, *frakaz, *frakuz)

Old Dutch: *frec

Middle Dutch: vrec

Dutch: vrek (adjective & derived noun)

Afrikaans: vrek (noun)

Old High German: freh

Middle High German: frech, vrech

German: frech


magō

magō (nominative singular)
magan (nominative plural)
magan (accusative singular)
magan (accusative plural)
magini (genitive singular)
magan (genitive singular)
maganō (genitive plural)
magini (dative singular)
magan (dative singular)
magum (dative plural)
magini (instrumental singular)
magan (instrumental singular)
magum (instrumental plural)

Old English: maga
Middle English: maȝe, maghe, mawe
English: maw
Scots: mawe, maw

Old Frisian: maga

Saterland Frisian: Moage

West Frisian: mage

Old Saxon: mago

Middle Low German: māge
Low German:
German Low German: Mage, Maag
Westphalian:
Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Māge
Sauerländisch: Māge
Westmünsterländian: Maagen, Maage
Plautdietsch: Moag

Old Dutch: *mago
Middle Dutch: māge
Dutch: maag
Afrikaans: maag
Negerhollands: maag
→ Indonesian: mag
Limburgish: maag

Old High German: mago
Middle High German: mage
Bavarian: Mågn
German: Magen
Hunsrik: Maaghe, Maan
Luxembourgish: Mo
Vilamovian: maoga
Yiddish: מאָגן (mogn)
→ Italian: magone
→ Venetian: magon


frikī

frikī (nominative singular)
frikīn (accusative singular)
frikīn (genitive singular)
frikīn (dative singular)
frikīn (instrumental singular)

Old English: friċu

Old High German: frehhī, frechī

Middle High German: vreche

Alemannic German: Freche

Bavarian: Freche

From Proto-Germanic *frikį̄. Equivalent to *frek (“greed”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).


drankijan

drankijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
drankijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
drankijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
drankijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
drankiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
drankidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
drankisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
drankidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
drankidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
drankiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
drankidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
drankidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
drankijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
drankidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
drankiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
drankidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
drankijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
drankidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
drankijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
drankidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
drankijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
drankidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
drankijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
drankidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
drankijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
drankidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
drankijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
drankidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
drankijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
drankidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
dranki (class-1 present singular weak)
drankiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
drankijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
drankid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: drenċan

Middle English: drenchen

English: drench

Old Frisian: drenka, drentza

North Frisian:

Mooring/Ockholm-Hoolmer: drånke

Wiedingharde: dranke

Langenhorn-Hoorninger: drange

Sylt: dreenk

West Frisian: drinzje

Old Saxon: drenkian

Middle Low German: drenken

Low German: dränken

desctree

Old Dutch: drenken
Middle Dutch: drenken
Dutch: drenken

Old High German: trenken

Middle High German: trenken

German: tränken

Luxembourgish: dränken


wītagōn

wītagōn (infinitive)
wītagōnijas (genitive infinitive)
wītagōnijē (dative infinitive)
wītagōniju (infinitive instrumental)
wītagō (first-person present singular)
wītagōdā (first-person past singular)
wītagōs (present second-person singular)
wītagōdēs (past second-person singular)
wītagōdōs (past second-person singular)
wītagōþ (present singular third-person)
wītagōdē (past singular third-person)
wītagōdā (past singular third-person)
wītagōm (first-person plural present)
wītagōdum (first-person past plural)
wītagōþ (plural present second-person)
wītagōdud (past plural second-person)
wītagōnþ (plural present third-person)
wītagōdun (past plural third-person)
wītagōdī (first-person past singular)
wītagōdī (past second-person singular)
wītagō (present singular third-person)
wītagōdī (past singular third-person)
wītagōdīm (first-person past plural)
wītagōdīd (past plural second-person)
wītagōn (plural present third-person)
wītagōdīn (past plural third-person)
wītagō (present singular)
wītagōþ (plural present)
wītagōndī (participle present)
wītagōd (participle past)

Old English: wītgian, wītegian

Middle English: wītīen

Old Frisian: wītgia

Saterland Frisian: wikje, wikke

Old High German: wīzagōn

⇒? Old High German: wīssagōn (conflated/absorbed into)

Middle High German: wīssagen

German: weissagen

From *wītag (“having knowledge, clever, wise”) + *-ōn.


wītagōn

Old High German: *wīzagōn

Middle High German: wīzegen, wītzegen

German: weizigen

From Proto-Germanic *wītagōną, equivalent *wītag (“blameable, reproachable”) + *-ōn.


skōh

skōh (nominative singular)
skōhō (nominative plural)
skōhōs (nominative plural)
skōh (accusative singular)
skōhā (accusative plural)
skōhas (genitive singular)
skōhō (genitive plural)
skōhē (dative singular)
skōhum (dative plural)
skōhu (instrumental singular)
skōhum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sċōh

Middle English: sho, shoo

Scots: shae

English: shoe

Old Frisian: skōch, skō

Saterland Frisian: Skou, Schou

West Frisian: skoech

Old Saxon: skōh

Middle Low German: schō

German Low German: Schoh

Old Dutch: *scuoh, *scuo

Middle Dutch: scoech, scoe

Dutch: schoen

Afrikaans: skoen

Limburgish: sjoon

desctree

Old High German: skuoh, scūoh, skūo
Middle High German: schuoch, schuo
Alemannic German:
Alsatian: Schüe
Swabian: Schuah
Central Franconian: Schohn, Schuh, Schoh (Moselle Franconian)
German: Schuh
Luxembourgish: Schong
Yiddish: שוך (shukh)


brūkan

brūkan (infinitive)
brūkannjas (genitive infinitive)
brūkannjē (dative infinitive)
brūkannju (infinitive instrumental)
brūku (first-person present singular)
brauk (first-person past singular)
brūkiʀi (present second-person singular)
brukī (past second-person singular)
brūkidi (present singular third-person)
brauk (past singular third-person)
brūkum (first-person plural present)
brukum (first-person past plural)
brūkid (plural present second-person)
brukud (past plural second-person)
brūkand (plural present third-person)
brukun (past plural third-person)
brūkē (first-person present singular)
brukī (first-person past singular)
brūkēs (present second-person singular)
brūkē (present singular third-person)
brukī (past singular third-person)
brūkēm (first-person plural present)
brukīm (first-person past plural)
brūkēþ (plural present second-person)
brukīd (past plural second-person)
brūkēn (plural present third-person)
brukīn (past plural third-person)
brūk (present singular)
brūkid (plural present)
brūkandī (participle present)
brokan (participle past)

Old English: brūcan
Middle English: brouken
English: brook
Scots: brook, brouk

Old Frisian: brūka
North Frisian: bruwcken
Saterland Frisian: bruke
West Frisian: brûke

Old Saxon: brūkan
Middle Low German: brûken
Low German: bruken
→ Danish: bruge
→ Icelandic: brúka
→ Faroese: brúka
→ Norwegian Bokmål: bruke
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: bruke
→ Polabian: brükot
→ Swedish: bruka
→ Finnish: ruukata

Old Dutch: *brūkan

Middle Dutch: bruken
Dutch: bruiken (archaic)
Limburgish: broeke

Old High German: brūhhan

Middle High German: brūchen

Alemannic German: bruuche

Central Franconian: bruche, brauche

Luxembourgish: brauchen

German: brauchen

Mòcheno: prauchen


kōl(ī)

kōl (canonical)
ī (romanization)
kōl (masculine nominative singular)
kōlu (feminine nominative singular)
kōl (neuter nominative singular)
kōlanā (accusative masculine singular)
kōlā (accusative feminine singular)
kōl (accusative neuter singular)
kōlas (genitive masculine singular)
kōleʀā (feminine genitive singular)
kōlas (genitive neuter singular)
kōlumē (dative masculine singular)
kōleʀē (dative feminine singular)
kōlumē (dative neuter singular)
kōlu (instrumental masculine singular)
kōleʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
kōlu (instrumental neuter singular)
kōlē (masculine nominative plural)
kōlō (feminine nominative plural)
kōlu (neuter nominative plural)
kōlā (accusative masculine plural)
kōlā (accusative feminine plural)
kōlu (accusative neuter plural)
kōleʀō (genitive masculine plural)
kōleʀō (feminine genitive plural)
kōleʀō (genitive neuter plural)
kōlēm (dative masculine plural)
kōlum (dative masculine plural)
kōlēm (dative feminine plural)
kōlum (dative feminine plural)
kōlēm (dative neuter plural)
kōlum (dative neuter plural)
kōlēm (instrumental masculine plural)
kōlum (instrumental masculine plural)
kōlēm (feminine instrumental plural)
kōlum (feminine instrumental plural)
kōlēm (instrumental neuter plural)
kōlum (instrumental neuter plural)
kōlī (masculine nominative singular)
kōliju (feminine nominative singular)
kōlī (neuter nominative singular)
kōlijanā (accusative masculine singular)
kōlijā (accusative feminine singular)
kōlī (accusative neuter singular)
kōlijas (genitive masculine singular)
kōlijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
kōlijas (genitive neuter singular)
kōlijumē (dative masculine singular)
kōlijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
kōlijumē (dative neuter singular)
kōliju (instrumental masculine singular)
kōlijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
kōliju (instrumental neuter singular)
kōlijē (masculine nominative plural)
kōlijō (feminine nominative plural)
kōliju (neuter nominative plural)
kōlijā (accusative masculine plural)
kōlijā (accusative feminine plural)
kōliju (accusative neuter plural)
kōlijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
kōlijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
kōlijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
kōlijēm (dative masculine plural)
kōlijum (dative masculine plural)
kōlijēm (dative feminine plural)
kōlijum (dative feminine plural)
kōlijēm (dative neuter plural)
kōlijum (dative neuter plural)
kōlijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
kōlijum (instrumental masculine plural)
kōlijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
kōlijum (feminine instrumental plural)
kōlijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
kōlijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: cōl, *cœ̄l, *cēl

Middle English: col, coul, cool

English: cool (see there for further descendants)

⇒ English: coolth

desc

Scots: cule, cuill, kuil, ceul, kül, queel

⇒ Scots: queelie, kjöl (“coolness”)

⇒ Old English: cōlnes, cœ̄lnes, cēlnes

Middle English: colnesse

English: coolness

Old Frisian: *kōl

Saterland Frisian: köil

West Frisian: koel (possibly borrowed from Dutch)

Old Saxon: *kōli, *kōl

Middle Low German: kôle, kôl, kȫl

German Low German: köhl

Low German: kool, kööl, köhl

desctree

Old Dutch: *kuol
Middle Dutch: coel
Dutch: koel
Afrikaans: koel
Limburgish: keul, kool

Old High German: kuoli, chuali, chuoli, kuali
Middle High German: küele, küel, kůl, kule
Alemannic German: chüel
Alsatian: kiahl
Swabian: kiahl
Bavarian:
Hianzisch: kiahl
Central Franconian: köhl, kehl, kiehl
Hunsrik: kiel
Luxembourgish: kill
German: kühl
Rhine Franconian:
Hessian: kihl, koil
Palatine German: kihl
Pennsylvania German: kiehl
Vilamovian: kīł

From Proto-Germanic *kōlaz, *kōluz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


wītagō

wītagō (nominative singular)
wītagan (nominative plural)
wītagan (accusative singular)
wītagan (accusative plural)
wītagini (genitive singular)
wītagan (genitive singular)
wītaganō (genitive plural)
wītagini (dative singular)
wītagan (dative singular)
wītagum (dative plural)
wītagini (instrumental singular)
wītagan (instrumental singular)
wītagum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wītga, wītega, wītiga

desc

Middle English: witega, witege, witiȝe, witie

Old High German: wīzago, wīzzago

gl

merged with Old High German <i class="Latn mention" lang="goh">wīssago</i>

Middle High German: wīssage (merged with Old High German wīssago)

⇒ Middle High German: wīssagen

German: weissagen

desc

⇒ Middle High German: wīssagære, wīssager

⇒ German: Weissager

→ Middle Dutch: wijssagger, wijssegger, wijsseggher

→ English: wiseacre


gawerþan

gawerþan (infinitive)
gawerþannjas (genitive infinitive)
gawerþannjē (dative infinitive)
gawerþannju (infinitive instrumental)
gawerþu (first-person present singular)
gawarþ (first-person past singular)
gawirþiʀi (present second-person singular)
gawurdī (past second-person singular)
gawirþidi (present singular third-person)
gawarþ (past singular third-person)
gawerþum (first-person plural present)
gawurdum (first-person past plural)
gawirþid (plural present second-person)
gawurdud (past plural second-person)
gawerþand (plural present third-person)
gawurdun (past plural third-person)
gawerþē (first-person present singular)
gawurdī (first-person past singular)
gawerþēs (present second-person singular)
gawerþē (present singular third-person)
gawurdī (past singular third-person)
gawerþēm (first-person plural present)
gawurdīm (first-person past plural)
gawerþēþ (plural present second-person)
gawurdīd (past plural second-person)
gawerþēn (plural present third-person)
gawurdīn (past plural third-person)
gawirþ (present singular)
gawirþid (plural present)
gawerþandī (participle present)
gawordan (participle past)

Old English: ġeweorþan

Middle English: iworthen

Old Saxon: giwerthan

Middle Low German: gewerden, giwērden

Old Dutch: giwerthan

Middle Dutch: gewerden

Dutch: geworden (obsolete)

Old High German: giwerdan

German: gewerden


furdu

furdu (nominative singular)
furdiwi (nominative plural)
fordō (nominative plural)
furdu (accusative singular)
furdū (accusative plural)
fordō (genitive singular)
furdiwō (genitive plural)
furdiwi (dative singular)
fordō (dative singular)
furdum (dative plural)
furdu (instrumental singular)
furdum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: ford
Middle English: ford, furd, foord
English: ford
Scots: furde, furd, fuird
⇒ English: Chelmsford (from a contraction of Ċēolmǣres + ford)
→ Proto-Brythonic: *forð (“road”) (see there for further descendants)

Old Frisian: forda

West Frisian: furde

Old Saxon: ford

Middle Low German: furd, vōrde, vōrt

German Low German: Föörd

Old Dutch: furda, *ford

Middle Dutch: vort, vōort
Dutch: voord

Old High German: furt
Middle High German: vurt
German: Furt
→ Saterland Frisian: Fúurt


slagi

slagi (nominative singular)
slagī (nominative plural)
slagi (accusative singular)
slagī (accusative plural)
slagī (genitive singular)
slaggjō (genitive plural)
slagī (dative singular)
slagim (dative plural)
slaggjum (dative plural)
slagī (instrumental singular)
slagim (instrumental plural)
slaggjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sleġe
Middle English: slay, sleye, slaye
English: sley

Old Frisian: slei

Old Saxon: slegi, slag

Middle Low German: slach

German Low German: Slag

Old Dutch: slag

Middle Dutch: slach

Dutch: slag
Afrikaans: slag
Negerhollands: slaa

Old High German: slag

Middle High German: slac, slag

German: Schlag

Luxembourgish: Schlag

Rhine Franconian:

Palatine German: Schlach


rauki

rauki (nominative singular)
raukī (nominative plural)
rauki (accusative singular)
raukī (accusative plural)
raukī (genitive singular)
raukijō (genitive plural)
raukī (dative singular)
raukim (dative plural)
raukijum (dative plural)
raukī (instrumental singular)
raukim (instrumental plural)
raukijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: rēc, rīec, rēċ, rīeċ (possibly a loan from Old Norse)

desc

Middle English: rek, reke, reche, rich, reech

Scots: reek, reke, reik

English: reek

Old Frisian: rēk

North Frisian: reck, rieck

West Frisian: reek, riik

Old Saxon: rōk

Middle Low German: rôk

German Low German: Rook

Low German: Röök

→ Saterland Frisian: Rook

Old Dutch: *rōc

Middle Dutch: rôoc

Dutch: rook

Afrikaans: rook

→ Middle English: roke (also possibly through Old Norse *rauk)

Scots: rok, roke, roik, rouk

English: roke

Old High German: rouh

Middle High German: rouch

German: Rauch

Luxembourgish: Raach

Vilamovian: raojch

Yiddish: רויך (roykh)


plōg

plōg (nominative singular)
plōgō (nominative plural)
plōgōs (nominative plural)
plōg (accusative singular)
plōgā (accusative plural)
plōgas (genitive singular)
plōgō (genitive plural)
plōgē (dative singular)
plōgum (dative plural)
plōgu (instrumental singular)
plōgum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: plōg, plōh
Middle English: plough
English: plough (see there for further descendants)
Scots: pleuch, plou
Yola: pleough, plowe, plou

Old Frisian: plōch

North Frisian: plog

Saterland Frisian: Plouch

West Frisian: ploech

Old Saxon: *plōg

Middle Low German: plôg

Low German: Ploog

Plautdietsch: Pluach, Plüach

Old Dutch: *pluog

Middle Dutch: ploech
Dutch: ploeg
Afrikaans: ploeg
Limburgish: plógk

Old High German: phluog, pfluog

Middle High German: pfluoc

desc

Central Franconian: Plooch, Pluuch (southern Moselle Franconian)

Hunsrik: Plugh

Luxembourgish: Plou

East Central German:

Vilamovian: fłüg

East Franconian:

German: Pflug

Rhine Franconian: Plug

→ Medieval Latin: plōvum, ploum

→ Proto-Slavic: *plùgъ (see there for further descendants)

→ Lithuanian: plū̃gas


harjatogō

harjatogō (nominative singular)
harjatogan (nominative plural)
harjatogan (accusative singular)
harjatogan (accusative plural)
harjatugini (genitive singular)
harjatogan (genitive singular)
harjatoganō (genitive plural)
harjatugini (dative singular)
harjatogan (dative singular)
harjatogum (dative plural)
harjatugini (instrumental singular)
harjatogan (instrumental singular)
harjatogum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: heretoga
Middle English: heretowa, heretoȝe, heretogh, heretoȝæ, heretoche
→ English: heretog
→ English: heretoga

Old Frisian: hertoga

Saterland Frisian: Heertoch

West Frisian: hartoch

Old Saxon: heritogo

Middle Low German: hertōge, hertoch

German Low German:

Lippisch: Hertog

→? Old Norse: hertogi
Icelandic: hertogi
Faroese: hertogi
Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: hertug
Norwegian Nynorsk: hertug
Swedish: hertig
Danish: hertug

Old Dutch: *heritogo
Middle Dutch: hertōge
Dutch: hertog
Afrikaans: hertog

Old High German: herizogo, herizoho
Middle High German: herzoge, herzog
German: Herzog
→ Albanian: hercog
→ Bulgarian: херцо́г (hercóg)
→ Saterland Frisian: Härtsoch
→ Georgian: ჰერცოგი (hercogi)
→ Hungarian: herceg
→ Latgalian: gercogs
→ Latvian: hercogs
→ Lithuanian: hercogas
→ Luxembourgish: Herzog
→ Ottoman Turkish: هرسك (hersek)
→ Russian: ге́рцог (gércog)
→ Azerbaijani: hersoq
→ Uzbek: gersog
→ Translingual: Herzogiella
→ Ukrainian: ге́рцог (hércoh)
→ Saterland Frisian: Härtsoch
→ Serbo-Croatian: Херцег
Yiddish: הערצאָג (hertsog)
→ Slovak: herzog

Suggested to be a calque of Ancient Greek στρατηγός (stratēgós) (from στρατός (stratós, “army”) + ἄγω (ágō, “to lead”) + -ος (-os)), from *hari (“army”) + *togō (“leader”) (compare *teuhan (“to lead, pull”)). Alternatively inherited from Proto-Germanic *harjatugô, if Old Norse hertogi isn't borrowed from Middle Low German.


brōk

brōk (nominative singular)
brōki (nominative plural)
brōku (accusative singular)
brōki (accusative plural)
brōki (genitive singular)
brōkō (genitive plural)
brōki (dative singular)
brōkum (dative plural)
brōki (instrumental singular)
brōkum (instrumental plural)

Old English: brōc

desc

Middle English: brek, breke, brech, breche, breech

English: breech, breeches, britches

→ Irish: bríste

→ Welsh: britis

Scots: breke, breik, breek, britchin

→ Scottish Gaelic: briogais

Old Frisian: brōk

Saterland Frisian: Breek

West Frisian: broek

Old Saxon: brōk

Middle Low German: brôk

Low German: Brook

desctree

Old Dutch: *bruoc
Middle Dutch: broec
Dutch: broek

Old High German: pruoh, bruoh, bruohha

Middle High German: bruoch

Alemannic German: Bruech

German: Bruch (obsolete)


brōk

brōk (nominative singular)
brōku (nominative plural)
brōk (accusative singular)
brōku (accusative plural)
brōkas (genitive singular)
brōkō (genitive plural)
brōkē (dative singular)
brōkum (dative plural)
brōku (instrumental singular)
brōkum (instrumental plural)

Old English: brōc

Middle English: brook

English: brook

Scots: broke, bruke

Old Frisian: brōk

Saterland Frisian: Brouk

West Frisian: broek

Old Saxon: *brōk

Middle Low German: brôk

Low German:

German Low German: Brook

Westphalian:

Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Brüöke

Suerländer-Märkisch: Brüək

Westmünsterländisch: Bröcke

Plautdietsch: Broak

Old Dutch: *bruoc
Middle Dutch: bruec, broec, brouc, brouck, broek
Dutch: broek

Old High German: bruoh

Middle High German: bruoch

German: Bruch

Luxembourgish: Bruch

Unknown; possibly a vṛddhi derivative related to *brakk (“briny, brackish”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *mre-g-, *mer-g-, extension of *mer- (“sea, lake, wetland”).


balgi

balgi (nominative singular)
balgī (nominative plural)
balgi (accusative singular)
balgī (accusative plural)
balgī (genitive singular)
balgijō (genitive plural)
balgī (dative singular)
balgim (dative plural)
balgijum (dative plural)
balgī (instrumental singular)
balgim (instrumental plural)
balgijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bælg
Middle English: bely, beli, baly, belwe, balyw, belgh
English: belly, ballow, bellows
Scots: belly, bally
Yola: bellee, belooze

Old Frisian: balg

Saterland Frisian: Balch

West Frisian: bealch, balge

Old Saxon: balg

Middle Low German: balch

German Low German: Balg

Plautdietsch: Baulch

Old Dutch: *balg

Middle Dutch: balch
Dutch: balg
→ French: blague
→ Italian: blaga, → blague
→ Polish: blaga

Old High German: balg

Middle High German: balc

German: Balg


reukan

reukan (infinitive)
reukannjas (genitive infinitive)
reukannjē (dative infinitive)
reukannju (infinitive instrumental)
reuku (first-person present singular)
rauk (first-person past singular)
riukiʀi (present second-person singular)
rukī (past second-person singular)
riukidi (present singular third-person)
rauk (past singular third-person)
reukum (first-person plural present)
rukum (first-person past plural)
riukid (plural present second-person)
rukud (past plural second-person)
reukand (plural present third-person)
rukun (past plural third-person)
reukē (first-person present singular)
rukī (first-person past singular)
reukēs (present second-person singular)
reukē (present singular third-person)
rukī (past singular third-person)
reukēm (first-person plural present)
rukīm (first-person past plural)
reukēþ (plural present second-person)
rukīd (past plural second-person)
reukēn (plural present third-person)
rukīn (past plural third-person)
riuk (present singular)
riukid (plural present)
reukandī (participle present)
rokan (participle past)

Old English: rēocan

Middle English: reken

Scots: rek, reke, reik

English: reek

Old Frisian: riāka

North Frisian: röke

West Frisian: reekje

Old Saxon: *riokan, *rūkan

Middle Low German: rêken, rûken

Low German: rüken

→ Saterland Frisian: ruuke

→ West Frisian: rûke

Old Dutch: riecan, riekan, riechon, ruecon
Middle Dutch: ruken
Dutch: ruiken, rieken
Afrikaans: ruik
Limburgish: ruke

Old High German: riohhan

Middle High German: riechen

German: riechen

Bavarian: riacha

Luxembourgish: richen


swōgi

swōgi (nominative singular)
swōgī (nominative plural)
swōgi (accusative singular)
swōgī (accusative plural)
swōgī (genitive singular)
swōgijō (genitive plural)
swōgī (dative singular)
swōgim (dative plural)
swōgijum (dative plural)
swōgī (instrumental singular)
swōgim (instrumental plural)
swōgijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: swēġ, swœ̄ġ
Middle English: swei, sweȝ


þangil

þangil (nominative singular)
þangilō (nominative plural)
þangilōs (nominative plural)
þangil (accusative singular)
þangilā (accusative plural)
þangilas (genitive singular)
þangilō (genitive plural)
þangilē (dative singular)
þangilum (dative plural)
þangilu (instrumental singular)
þangilum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þenġel


waigī

waigī (nominative singular)
waigiju (nominative plural)
waigī (accusative singular)
waigiju (accusative plural)
waigijas (genitive singular)
waigijō (genitive plural)
waigijē (dative singular)
waigijum (dative plural)
waigiju (instrumental singular)
waigijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wǣġe

Old Saxon: wēgi

⇒ Old High German: bahweiga


flikkī

flikkī (nominative singular)
flikkiju (nominative plural)
flikkī (accusative singular)
flikkiju (accusative plural)
flikkijas (genitive singular)
flikkijō (genitive plural)
flikkijē (dative singular)
flikkijum (dative plural)
flikkiju (instrumental singular)
flikkijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: fliċċe

Middle English: flicche, fflykke, flichche, flicke, flucche, flyc, flyche, flyk, flytch
English: flitch
Scots: flake, fleech

Old Saxon: *flikki

Middle Low German: vlicke


fuhā

fohā (nominative singular)
fohōn (nominative plural)
fohōn (accusative singular)
fohōn (accusative plural)
fohōn (genitive singular)
fohōnō (genitive plural)
fohōn (dative singular)
fohōm (dative plural)
fuhum (dative plural)
fohōn (instrumental singular)
fohōm (instrumental plural)
fuhum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: foha

Middle Low German: vō

Old High German: foha
Middle High German: vohe
German: Fähe, Fehe
→ Lower Sorbian: beja


andiwrīhan

andiwrīhan (infinitive)
andiwrīhannjas (genitive infinitive)
andiwrīhannjē (dative infinitive)
andiwrīhannju (infinitive instrumental)
andiwrīhu (first-person present singular)
andiwraih (first-person past singular)
andiwrīhiʀi (present second-person singular)
andiwrigī (past second-person singular)
andiwrīhidi (present singular third-person)
andiwraih (past singular third-person)
andiwrīhum (first-person plural present)
andiwrigum (first-person past plural)
andiwrīhid (plural present second-person)
andiwrigud (past plural second-person)
andiwrīhand (plural present third-person)
andiwrigun (past plural third-person)
andiwrīhē (first-person present singular)
andiwrigī (first-person past singular)
andiwrīhēs (present second-person singular)
andiwrīhē (present singular third-person)
andiwrigī (past singular third-person)
andiwrīhēm (first-person plural present)
andiwrigīm (first-person past plural)
andiwrīhēþ (plural present second-person)
andiwrigīd (past plural second-person)
andiwrīhēn (plural present third-person)
andiwrigīn (past plural third-person)
andiwrīh (present singular)
andiwrīhid (plural present)
andiwrīhandī (participle present)
andiwrigan (participle past)

Old English: onwrēon, unwrēon
Middle English: unwrien, unwriʒen
English: unwry

Old High German: intrīhan


uʀteuhan

uʀteuhan (infinitive)
uʀteuhannjas (genitive infinitive)
uʀteuhannjē (dative infinitive)
uʀteuhannju (infinitive instrumental)
uʀteuhu (first-person present singular)
uʀtauh (first-person past singular)
uʀtiuhiʀi (present second-person singular)
uʀtugī (past second-person singular)
uʀtiuhidi (present singular third-person)
uʀtauh (past singular third-person)
uʀteuhum (first-person plural present)
uʀtugum (first-person past plural)
uʀtiuhid (plural present second-person)
uʀtugud (past plural second-person)
uʀteuhand (plural present third-person)
uʀtugun (past plural third-person)
uʀteuhē (first-person present singular)
uʀtugī (first-person past singular)
uʀteuhēs (present second-person singular)
uʀteuhē (present singular third-person)
uʀtugī (past singular third-person)
uʀteuhēm (first-person plural present)
uʀtugīm (first-person past plural)
uʀteuhēþ (plural present second-person)
uʀtugīd (past plural second-person)
uʀteuhēn (plural present third-person)
uʀtugīn (past plural third-person)
uʀtiuh (present singular)
uʀtiuhid (plural present)
uʀteuhandī (participle present)
uʀtogan (participle past)

Old English: ātēon

Old High German: irziohan


balgijan

balgijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
balgijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
balgijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
balgijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
balgiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
balgidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
balgisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
balgidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
balgidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
balgiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
balgidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
balgidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
balgijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
balgidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
balgiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
balgidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
balgijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
balgidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
balgijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
balgidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
balgijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
balgidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
balgijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
balgidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
balgijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
balgidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
balgijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
balgidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
balgijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
balgidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
balgi (class-1 present singular weak)
balgiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
balgijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
balgid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: belgian

Old High German: belgen

Middle High German: belgen


þraki

þraki (nominative singular)
þrakkjō (nominative plural)
þrakkjōs (nominative plural)
þraki (accusative singular)
þrakkjā (accusative plural)
þrakkjas (genitive singular)
þrakkjō (genitive plural)
þrakkjē (dative singular)
þrakkjum (dative plural)
þrakkju (instrumental singular)
þrakkjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þreahs, þreax

Old Frisian: threkk

>? Saterland Frisian: Dräk (possibly borrowed from Low German)

(West Frisian: dridze ?)

Old Saxon: *threkk

Middle Low German: dreck

German Low German: Dreck

Old Dutch: *threc

Middle Dutch: drec

Dutch: drek

Afrikaans: drek

Old High German: threc (in compound mūsthrec)

Middle High German: drëc

Cimbrian: drèkh

German: Dreck, Drekk
→ Czech: drek
→ Kashubian: drëk
→ Serbo-Croatian: дре̏к (drȅk)
→ Slovene: drȅk

Luxembourgish: Dreck

Yiddish: דרעק (drek)
→ English: dreck, drek
→ Russian: дрек (drɛk)


hnīgan

hnīgan (infinitive)
hnīgannjas (genitive infinitive)
hnīgannjē (dative infinitive)
hnīgannju (infinitive instrumental)
hnīgu (first-person present singular)
hnaig (first-person past singular)
hnīgiʀi (present second-person singular)
hnigī (past second-person singular)
hnīgidi (present singular third-person)
hnaig (past singular third-person)
hnīgum (first-person plural present)
hnigum (first-person past plural)
hnīgid (plural present second-person)
hnigud (past plural second-person)
hnīgand (plural present third-person)
hnigun (past plural third-person)
hnīgē (first-person present singular)
hnigī (first-person past singular)
hnīgēs (present second-person singular)
hnīgē (present singular third-person)
hnigī (past singular third-person)
hnīgēm (first-person plural present)
hnigīm (first-person past plural)
hnīgēþ (plural present second-person)
hnigīd (past plural second-person)
hnīgēn (plural present third-person)
hnigīn (past plural third-person)
hnīg (present singular)
hnīgid (plural present)
hnīgandī (participle present)
hnigan (participle past)

Old English: hnīgan

Old Frisian: hnīga

Old Saxon: hnīgan

Middle Low German: nîgen

Old Dutch: *nīgan
Middle Dutch: nigen
Dutch: nijgen
Afrikaans: nyg
Limburgish: niege

Old High German: nīgan

Middle High German: nīgen

q

merged with <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*hnaigijaną</i>

German: neigen (merged with *hnaigijaną)


gangī

gangī (masculine nominative singular)
gangiju (feminine nominative singular)
gangī (neuter nominative singular)
gangijanā (accusative masculine singular)
gangijā (accusative feminine singular)
gangī (accusative neuter singular)
gangijas (genitive masculine singular)
gangijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
gangijas (genitive neuter singular)
gangijumē (dative masculine singular)
gangijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
gangijumē (dative neuter singular)
gangiju (instrumental masculine singular)
gangijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
gangiju (instrumental neuter singular)
gangijē (masculine nominative plural)
gangijō (feminine nominative plural)
gangiju (neuter nominative plural)
gangijā (accusative masculine plural)
gangijā (accusative feminine plural)
gangiju (accusative neuter plural)
gangijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
gangijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
gangijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
gangijēm (dative masculine plural)
gangijum (dative masculine plural)
gangijēm (dative feminine plural)
gangijum (dative feminine plural)
gangijēm (dative neuter plural)
gangijum (dative neuter plural)
gangijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
gangijum (instrumental masculine plural)
gangijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
gangijum (feminine instrumental plural)
gangijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
gangijum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: genġe
Middle English: genge (early)

Old Frisian: genze, ginse

Old Saxon: *gengi

Middle Low German: genge, ginge

Old Dutch: *gengi

Middle Dutch: genge

Old High German: gengi

Middle High German: genge

German: gänge, gäng

From Proto-Germanic *gangiz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


baugijan

baugijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
baugijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
baugijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
baugijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
baugiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
baugidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
baugisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
baugidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
baugidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
baugiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
baugidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
baugidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
baugijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
baugidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
baugiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
baugidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
baugijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
baugidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
baugijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
baugidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
baugijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
baugidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
baugijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
baugidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
baugijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
baugidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
baugijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
baugidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
baugijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
baugidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
baugi (class-1 present singular weak)
baugiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
baugijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
baugid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: bīeġan, bīġan, bȳġan

Middle English: bēgen

English: bay, bebay

Old Frisian: bēia

North Frisian: boje

Saterland Frisian: beegje

West Frisian: bûgje

Old Saxon: bōgian

Middle Low German: bȫgen

Low German: bögen

Old Dutch: bōgen
Middle Dutch: bôgen

Old High German: bougen

Middle High German: bougen

German: beugen

Yiddish: בייגן (beygn)


raukijan

raukijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
raukijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
raukijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
raukijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
raukiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
raukidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
raukisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
raukidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
raukidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
raukiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
raukidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
raukidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
raukijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
raukidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
raukiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
raukidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
raukijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
raukidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
raukijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
raukidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
raukijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
raukidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
raukijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
raukidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
raukijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
raukidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
raukijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
raukidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
raukijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
raukidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
rauki (class-1 present singular weak)
raukiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
raukijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
raukid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: rīeċan

Old Frisian: rēka, rētza

West Frisian: rikje

Old Saxon: *rōkian

Middle Low German: rôken, rö̂ken

German Low German: roken, röken

→ Saterland Frisian: rookje

Old Dutch: rōken

Middle Dutch: rôken
Dutch: roken
Limburgish: rouke, ruike

Old High German: rouhhen

Middle High German: rouchen, röuchen

German: rauchen, (obsolete) räuchen

Luxembourgish: raachen

⇒ Middle High German: röuchern (15th c.)

German: räuchern

Luxembourgish: reecheren

Yiddish: רײכערן (reykhern)

From Proto-Germanic *raukijaną. Equivalent to *rauki (“smoke”) + *-jan.


tikkīn

tikkīn (nominative singular)
tikkīnu (nominative plural)
tikkīn (accusative singular)
tikkīnu (accusative plural)
tikkīnas (genitive singular)
tikkīnō (genitive plural)
tikkīnē (dative singular)
tikkīnum (dative plural)
tikkīnu (instrumental singular)
tikkīnum (instrumental plural)

Old English: tiċċen, tyċċen
Middle English: tichen, ticchen, tiche, tik-, tike-
English: tick, titch
Yola: titch, thick, tick

Old High German: zikkīn

Middle High German: zickīn

Alemannic German: Seike

German: Zicke

Luxembourgish: Zéck

desc

→ Middle Low German: sicke, sicken, tzicken

German Low German: Zicki, Zickje

⇒ Middle High German: zickelīn, zickel

German: Zicklein, Zickel

→ Middle Low German: sickelîn, tzickelîn, sickelen

Possibly from an original an-stem *tīgō ~ *tikki + *-īn, whence *tigā.


starkiþu

starkiþu (nominative singular)
starkiþō (nominative plural)
starkiþā (accusative singular)
starkiþā (accusative plural)
starkiþā (genitive singular)
starkiþō (genitive plural)
starkiþē (dative singular)
starkiþōm (dative plural)
starkiþum (dative plural)
starkiþu (instrumental singular)
starkiþōm (instrumental plural)
starkiþum (instrumental plural)

Old Dutch: *sterkitha

Middle Dutch: sterkede, stercte

Dutch: sterkte

Old High German: sterkida

Middle High German: sterkede


starkijan

starkijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
starkijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
starkijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
starkijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
starkiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
starkidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
starkisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
starkidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
starkidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
starkiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
starkidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
starkidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
starkijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
starkidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
starkiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
starkidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
starkijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
starkidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
starkijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
starkidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
starkijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
starkidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
starkijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
starkidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
starkijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
starkidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
starkijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
starkidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
starkijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
starkidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
starki (class-1 present singular weak)
starkiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
starkijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
starkid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Frisian: sterka

Saterland Frisian: sterckjen

Old Saxon: sterkian

Middle Low German: sterken, starken

Old Dutch: *sterken

Middle Dutch: sterken

Dutch: sterken

Old High German: sterken

Middle High German: sterken

German: stärken


marh

marh (nominative singular)
marhō (nominative plural)
marhōs (nominative plural)
marh (accusative singular)
marhā (accusative plural)
marhas (genitive singular)
marhō (genitive plural)
marhē (dative singular)
marhum (dative plural)
marhu (instrumental singular)
marhum (instrumental plural)

Old English: mearh, mear

Middle English: mearh

English: mare

Old Frisian: mar

Old High German: marh, march, marah

Middle High German: marc

German: Mähre


stukkī

stukkī (nominative singular)
stukkiju (nominative plural)
stukkī (accusative singular)
stukkiju (accusative plural)
stukkijas (genitive singular)
stukkijō (genitive plural)
stukkijē (dative singular)
stukkijum (dative plural)
stukkiju (instrumental singular)
stukkijum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: styċċe, stiċċe
Middle English: stucche, stecche, stech, steche, sticche, stitche, stuche

Old Frisian: stekk

Saterland Frisian: Stuk

West Frisian: stik

Old Saxon: stukki

Middle Low German: stücke

German Low German: Stück

Plautdietsch: Stekj

Old Dutch: *stukki, *stikki, -stic (in toponyms)

desc

Middle Dutch: stucke, stuc, sticke, stic

Dutch: stuk, stik (in compounds)

Afrikaans: stuk

West Flemish: stik

→ Middle English: stic

English: stick, steck

Scots: stick, steck

desctree

Old High German: stucki, stukki, stucchi, stuhhi
Middle High German: stucke
Alemannic German: Stuck, Stucke, Stucki, Stück, Stücke, Stücki
Bavarian: Stuck, Stick (latter influenced by diminutive and/or Standard German)
Central Franconian: Stöck, Steck
Luxembourgish: Stéck
East Central German:
Upper Saxon German: Stigg, Stigge
German: Stück
Yiddish: שטיק (shtik)
→ English: shtick
→ Old Polish: sztuka
Polish: sztuka
→ Russian: шту́ка (štúka)
Silesian: sztuka
→ Italian: stucco
→ English: stucco
→ Spanish: estuco
→ French: stuc
→ Portuguese: estuque
→ German: Stuck


beugan

beugan (infinitive)
beugannjas (genitive infinitive)
beugannjē (dative infinitive)
beugannju (infinitive instrumental)
beugu (first-person present singular)
baug (first-person past singular)
biugiʀi (present second-person singular)
bugī (past second-person singular)
biugidi (present singular third-person)
baug (past singular third-person)
beugum (first-person plural present)
bugum (first-person past plural)
biugid (plural present second-person)
bugud (past plural second-person)
beugand (plural present third-person)
bugun (past plural third-person)
beugē (first-person present singular)
bugī (first-person past singular)
beugēs (present second-person singular)
beugē (present singular third-person)
bugī (past singular third-person)
beugēm (first-person plural present)
bugīm (first-person past plural)
beugēþ (plural present second-person)
bugīd (past plural second-person)
beugēn (plural present third-person)
bugīn (past plural third-person)
biug (present singular)
biugid (plural present)
beugandī (participle present)
bogan (participle past)

Old English: būgan
Middle English: bowen, bouȝen, buȝen, bouwen, buwen, bowe
English: (to) bow
Scots: boo

Old Saxon: būgan
Middle Low German: būgen
Low German: bugen

Old Dutch: *būgan
Middle Dutch: bugen
Dutch: buigen
Limburgish: buge

Old High German: biogan
Middle High German: biegen
German: biegen
Luxembourgish: béien


starkī

starkī (nominative singular)
starkīn (accusative singular)
starkīn (genitive singular)
starkīn (dative singular)
starkīn (instrumental singular)

Old English: *stierċe

Middle English: sterche, starche

English: starch

Scots: sterch, stearch, stairch

Old Saxon: *sterki

Middle Low German: sterke

Old Dutch: sterki

Middle Dutch: sterke

Dutch: sterk (dialectal)

Old High German: starchī, sterkī
Middle High German: sterke
German: Stärke

From *stark (“stiff, stark”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).


bruki

bruki (nominative singular)
brukī (nominative plural)
bruki (accusative singular)
brukī (accusative plural)
brukī (genitive singular)
brukkjō (genitive plural)
brukī (dative singular)
brukim (dative plural)
brukkjum (dative plural)
brukī (instrumental singular)
brukim (instrumental plural)
brukkjum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: bryċe, briċe
Middle English: breche
English: breach
Scots: breach, breiche, bretch, breack

Old Frisian: breke, bretse, breze

Saterland Frisian: Breek

Old Saxon: bruki

Middle Low German: bröke, broke

German Low German: Bröök, Brook

→ Swedish: bråk

→ Danish: brøk

Old Dutch: *bruki

Middle Dutch: brueke, brōke

Dutch: breuk
Afrikaans: breuk
Negerhollands: breek
→ Indonesian: patahan (“fault”) (semantic loan)
→ Indonesian: pecahan (“fraction”) (semantic loan)
→ Papiamentu: breuk

Old High German: bruh

Middle High German: bruch

German: Bruch

→ Saterland Frisian: Bruch

Hunsrik: Bruch

Luxembourgish: Broch

Vilamovian: brüch

Yiddish: בראָך (brokh)


marþr

marþr (nominative singular)
marþrō (nominative plural)
marþrōs (nominative plural)
marþr (accusative singular)
marþrā (accusative plural)
marþras (genitive singular)
marþrō (genitive plural)
marþrē (dative singular)
marþrum (dative plural)
marþru (instrumental singular)
marþrum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *marther

Saterland Frisian: Modder

West Frisian: motter

Old Saxon: *mardar (found in the derived adjective mardrīn)

Middle Low German: marder

German Low German: Marder

Old High German: marther, mardar

desc

Middle High German: marder, merder, mader

German: Marder

→ Old French: martre

→ Middle Dutch: marter, māerter

Dutch: marter


hnaigijan

hnaigijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hnaigijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hnaigijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hnaigijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hnaigiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hnaigidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hnaigisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hnaigidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hnaigidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hnaigiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hnaigidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hnaigidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hnaigijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hnaigidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hnaigiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hnaigidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hnaigijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hnaigidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hnaigijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hnaigidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hnaigijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hnaigidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hnaigijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hnaigidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hnaigijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hnaigidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hnaigijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hnaigidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hnaigijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hnaigidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hnaigi (class-1 present singular weak)
hnaigiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hnaigijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hnaigid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: hnǣġan
Middle English: neighen, neyen, neȝen, neiȝen
English: neigh
Scots: neche, nech, neich

Old Saxon: *hnēgian

Middle Low German: nēgen

⇒ Old Saxon: gihnēgian

Old Dutch: neigen
Middle Dutch: neigen
Dutch: neigen
Limburgish: neige, nèège

Old High German: neigen, hneigen

Middle High German: neigen

German: neigen


starēn

starēn (infinitive)
starēnijas (genitive infinitive)
starēnijē (dative infinitive)
starēniju (infinitive instrumental)
starē (first-person present singular)
star?dā (first-person past singular)
starēs (present second-person singular)
star?dēs (past second-person singular)
starēþ (present singular third-person)
star?dē (past singular third-person)
star?dā (past singular third-person)
starēm (first-person plural present)
star?dum (first-person past plural)
starēþ (plural present second-person)
star?dud (past plural second-person)
starēnþ (plural present third-person)
star?dun (past plural third-person)
star?dī (first-person past singular)
star?dī (past second-person singular)
starē (present singular third-person)
star?dī (past singular third-person)
star?dīm (first-person past plural)
star?dīd (past plural second-person)
starēn (plural present third-person)
star?dīn (past plural third-person)
starē (present singular)
starēþ (plural present)
starēndī (participle present)
star?d (participle past)

Old English: starian

Middle English: stāren

English: stare

Old Saxon: starrōn

Middle Low German: starren, staren

Old Dutch: *staron
Middle Dutch: stāren
Dutch: staren
Afrikaans: staar
Limburgish: staore

Old High German: starēn

Middle High German: staren

German: starren

From Proto-Germanic *starāną. Equivalent to *star (“stiff”) + *-ēn.


starablind

starablind (masculine nominative singular)
starablindu (feminine nominative singular)
starablind (neuter nominative singular)
starablindanā (accusative masculine singular)
starablindā (accusative feminine singular)
starablind (accusative neuter singular)
starablindas (genitive masculine singular)
starablindeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
starablindas (genitive neuter singular)
starablindumē (dative masculine singular)
starablindeʀē (dative feminine singular)
starablindumē (dative neuter singular)
starablindu (instrumental masculine singular)
starablindeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
starablindu (instrumental neuter singular)
starablindē (masculine nominative plural)
starablindō (feminine nominative plural)
starablindu (neuter nominative plural)
starablindā (accusative masculine plural)
starablindā (accusative feminine plural)
starablindu (accusative neuter plural)
starablindeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
starablindeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
starablindeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
starablindēm (dative masculine plural)
starablindum (dative masculine plural)
starablindēm (dative feminine plural)
starablindum (dative feminine plural)
starablindēm (dative neuter plural)
starablindum (dative neuter plural)
starablindēm (instrumental masculine plural)
starablindum (instrumental masculine plural)
starablindēm (feminine instrumental plural)
starablindum (feminine instrumental plural)
starablindēm (instrumental neuter plural)
starablindum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: stærblind

Middle English: stareblind, starblynd

English: star-blind

Old Frisian: stareblind

Old Saxon: *starblind

Middle Low German: starblint

Old Dutch: *starblind

Middle Dutch: stāerblint

Dutch: staarblind

Old High German: starablint

Middle High German: starblint

German: starblind

From Proto-Germanic *starablindaz. Equivalent to *star + *blind.


strūb

strūb (masculine nominative singular)
strūbu (feminine nominative singular)
strūb (neuter nominative singular)
strūbanā (accusative masculine singular)
strūbā (accusative feminine singular)
strūb (accusative neuter singular)
strūbas (genitive masculine singular)
strūbeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
strūbas (genitive neuter singular)
strūbumē (dative masculine singular)
strūbeʀē (dative feminine singular)
strūbumē (dative neuter singular)
strūbu (instrumental masculine singular)
strūbeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
strūbu (instrumental neuter singular)
strūbē (masculine nominative plural)
strūbō (feminine nominative plural)
strūbu (neuter nominative plural)
strūbā (accusative masculine plural)
strūbā (accusative feminine plural)
strūbu (accusative neuter plural)
strūbeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
strūbeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
strūbeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
strūbēm (dative masculine plural)
strūbum (dative masculine plural)
strūbēm (dative feminine plural)
strūbum (dative feminine plural)
strūbēm (dative neuter plural)
strūbum (dative neuter plural)
strūbēm (instrumental masculine plural)
strūbum (instrumental masculine plural)
strūbēm (feminine instrumental plural)
strūbum (feminine instrumental plural)
strūbēm (instrumental neuter plural)
strūbum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Saxon: strūf

Middle Low German: strūf

Old Dutch: *strūf

Middle Dutch: struuf (dialectal)

Limburgish: stroef

→ Dutch: stroef

Old High German: strūb

Middle High German: strūp

German: strupp (dialectal)

From earlier *streubaz, from Proto-Indo-European *strewbʰ-o-s, from *strewbʰ-, itself perhaps a labial extension of *strew- (“to spread, strew”).


marhijā

marhijā (nominative singular)
marhijōn (nominative plural)
marhijōn (accusative singular)
marhijōn (accusative plural)
marhijōn (genitive singular)
marhijōnō (genitive plural)
marhijōn (dative singular)
marhijōm (dative plural)
marhijum (dative plural)
marhijōn (instrumental singular)
marhijōm (instrumental plural)
marhijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: mīere, mȳre, mīre
Middle English: mere, mare
English: mare
Scots: meir, mere, mear

Old Frisian: merie

North Frisian: mar

Saterland Frisian: Märe

West Frisian: merje

Old Saxon: meriha

Middle Low German: mēre, mērie

Old Dutch: *meria, merie

Middle Dutch: merie

Dutch: merrie
Afrikaans: merrie
Negerhollands: merri, mėri

Old High German: meriha

Middle High German: meriche, merhe

Alemannic German: Märe

German: Mähre

From Proto-Germanic *marhijō, with a change to ōn-stem. Equivalent to *marh (“horse”) + *-jā.


tibā

tibā (nominative singular)
tibōn (nominative plural)
tibōn (accusative singular)
tibōn (accusative plural)
tibōn (genitive singular)
tibōnō (genitive plural)
tibōn (dative singular)
tibōm (dative plural)
tibum (dative plural)
tibōn (instrumental singular)
tibōm (instrumental plural)
tibum (instrumental plural)

Old English: tife

Old Frisian: *tive, *teve

Saterland Frisian: Tieuwe

Old Saxon: *tiva

Middle Low German: teve, tiffe

German Low German: Teve, Teev, Tiff

→ Old Norse: tefja

Danish: tæve

Swedish: täva; (täfsa (dialectal))

Old Dutch: *tiva

Middle Dutch: tēve

Dutch: teef

Afrikaans: teef

→ West Frisian: teef

>? Old High German: *zibba

>? Middle High German: *zibbe, *zippe

>? German: Zibbe, Zippe (attetsted 19th c.)

From Proto-Germanic *tibǭ. A geminate byform *tibbǭ > *tibbā gave German dialectal Zippe, Zibbe (“ewe; doe (hare, rabbit)”), Icelandic tebba (“vixen”), and possibly English tib (“working-class woman”).


berō

berō (nominative singular)
beran (nominative plural)
beran (accusative singular)
beran (accusative plural)
birini (genitive singular)
beran (genitive singular)
beranō (genitive plural)
birini (dative singular)
beran (dative singular)
berum (dative plural)
birini (instrumental singular)
beran (instrumental singular)
berum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bera
Middle English: bere, bier, beare, beore, bore
English: bear (see there for further descendants)
Scots: beir

>? Old English: beorn

desc

Middle English: beorn, bern, beryn, biern, byrne, burne, bourne

Old Frisian: *bera, *bara

Saterland Frisian: Boar

West Frisian: bear

Old Saxon: bero

Middle Low German: bar, bāre

German Low German: Baar, Boor

Plautdietsch: Boa

Old Dutch: *bero

desctree

Middle Dutch: bēre
Dutch: beer
Afrikaans: beer
→ Papiamentu: ber, beer
Limburgish: baer
West Flemish: beir
Zealandic: beêr

Old High German: bero
Middle High German: bër
Alemannic German: Bärr
Cimbrian: per
German: Bär
Hunsrik: Bäer
Luxembourgish: Bier
Vilamovian: baor
Yiddish: בער (ber)


wisulā

wisulā (nominative singular)
wisulōn (nominative plural)
wisulōn (accusative singular)
wisulōn (accusative plural)
wisulōn (genitive singular)
wisulōnō (genitive plural)
wisulōn (dative singular)
wisulōm (dative plural)
wisulum (dative plural)
wisulōn (instrumental singular)
wisulōm (instrumental plural)
wisulum (instrumental plural)

Old English: weosule, wesle, uuesulae, uuesole — early
Middle English: wesele, wassele, wasyll, whesille, weesylle, wesel, wesil, wesile, wezele
English: weasal
Middle Scots: quhasill, wasyll, wasyll
Scots: whaisel, whaizle, wheesel, weasel (associated with whaisle "to wheeze")

Old Frisian: *wisele

Saterland Frisian: Wiezelke (possibly borrowed from German)

West Frisian: wezeling (possibly borrowed from Low German)

Old Saxon: *wisula

Middle Low German: wēsel, wesele

Low German: Wessel, Wissel

Plautdietsch: Wäsel

Old Dutch: *wisala

Middle Dutch: wēsel
Dutch: wezel
Afrikaans: wesel
Limburgish: wezel, wieëzel

Old High German: wisula, wisala

Middle High German: wisele

German: Wiesel

Luxembourgish: Wisel


harmō

harmō (nominative singular)
harman (nominative plural)
harman (accusative singular)
harman (accusative plural)
harmini (genitive singular)
harman (genitive singular)
harmanō (genitive plural)
harmini (dative singular)
harman (dative singular)
harmum (dative plural)
harmini (instrumental singular)
harman (instrumental singular)
harmum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hearma

Old Frisian: *harma

⇒ Old Frisian: *harmel

West Frisian: harmel

Old Saxon: harmo

Middle Low German: harm

⇒ German Low German: Hermanntje

⇒ Old Saxon: *hermil

Middle Low German: hermel

Old Dutch: *harmo

Middle Dutch: *herme

Dutch: herm (rare, now obsolete)

⇒ Middle Dutch: hermijn

→? Icelandic: hermín

⇒ Old Dutch: *hermilo

Middle Dutch: hermel

Dutch: hermel

⇒ Middle Dutch: hermelijn

Dutch: hermelijn

Old High German: harmo

Middle High German: harme

German: Harm

⇒ Old High German: harmilo

⇒ Old High German: harmilīn

Middle High German: hermelīn

German: Hermelin

→ Danish: hermelin

→ Swedish: hermelin

→ Norwegian Bokmål: hermelin

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: hermelin

→? Old French: ermine, ermin, hermin, hermine
Middle French: hermin, ermin
French: hermine
→ Romanian: hermină
→ Turkish: ermin
→ Middle English: ermyne, armyn, armyne, ermin, ermine, ermyn, hermyn
English: ermine
Scots: ermine


mariswīn

mariswīn (nominative singular)
mariswīnu (nominative plural)
mariswīn (accusative singular)
mariswīnu (accusative plural)
mariswīnas (genitive singular)
mariswīnō (genitive plural)
mariswīnē (dative singular)
mariswīnum (dative plural)
mariswīnu (instrumental singular)
mariswīnum (instrumental plural)

Old English: mereswīn
Middle English: mereswyn, mereswyne, mersuine
English: mereswine
Scots: mereswine

Old Frisian: *mereswīn

Saterland Frisian: Meerswien

Old Saxon: meriswīn

Middle Low German: merswîn

German Low German: Meerswien; Meerswientje

Old Dutch: meriswīn
Middle Dutch: mēerswijn, maerswijn, merswijn
Dutch: meerzwijn

Old High German: meriswīn

Middle High German: merswīn

German: Meerschwein; Meerschweinchen

→ Old French: marsouin

Middle French: marsouin

French: marsouin

From Proto-Germanic *mariswīną. Equivalent to *mari (“sea”) + *swīn (“pig”).


fangī

fangī (masculine nominative singular)
fangiju (feminine nominative singular)
fangī (neuter nominative singular)
fangijanā (accusative masculine singular)
fangijā (accusative feminine singular)
fangī (accusative neuter singular)
fangijas (genitive masculine singular)
fangijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
fangijas (genitive neuter singular)
fangijumē (dative masculine singular)
fangijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
fangijumē (dative neuter singular)
fangiju (instrumental masculine singular)
fangijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
fangiju (instrumental neuter singular)
fangijē (masculine nominative plural)
fangijō (feminine nominative plural)
fangiju (neuter nominative plural)
fangijā (accusative masculine plural)
fangijā (accusative feminine plural)
fangiju (accusative neuter plural)
fangijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
fangijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
fangijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
fangijēm (dative masculine plural)
fangijum (dative masculine plural)
fangijēm (dative feminine plural)
fangijum (dative feminine plural)
fangijēm (dative neuter plural)
fangijum (dative neuter plural)
fangijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
fangijum (instrumental masculine plural)
fangijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
fangijum (feminine instrumental plural)
fangijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
fangijum (instrumental neuter plural)

⇒ Old English: andfenge

Old Frisian: fensze, fendze

Old High German: *fengi

Middle High German: venge

From Proto-Germanic *fangiz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


þwīnan

þwīnan (infinitive)
þwīnannjas (genitive infinitive)
þwīnannjē (dative infinitive)
þwīnannju (infinitive instrumental)
þwīnu (first-person present singular)
þwain (first-person past singular)
þwīniʀi (present second-person singular)
þwinī (past second-person singular)
þwīnidi (present singular third-person)
þwain (past singular third-person)
þwīnum (first-person plural present)
þwinum (first-person past plural)
þwīnid (plural present second-person)
þwinud (past plural second-person)
þwīnand (plural present third-person)
þwinun (past plural third-person)
þwīnē (first-person present singular)
þwinī (first-person past singular)
þwīnēs (present second-person singular)
þwīnē (present singular third-person)
þwinī (past singular third-person)
þwīnēm (first-person plural present)
þwinīm (first-person past plural)
þwīnēþ (plural present second-person)
þwinīd (past plural second-person)
þwīnēn (plural present third-person)
þwinīn (past plural third-person)
þwīn (present singular)
þwīnid (plural present)
þwīnandī (participle present)
þwinan (participle past)

Old English: þwīnan


swīnan

swīnan (infinitive)
swīnannjas (genitive infinitive)
swīnannjē (dative infinitive)
swīnannju (infinitive instrumental)
swīnu (first-person present singular)
swain (first-person past singular)
swīniʀi (present second-person singular)
swinī (past second-person singular)
swīnidi (present singular third-person)
swain (past singular third-person)
swīnum (first-person plural present)
swinum (first-person past plural)
swīnid (plural present second-person)
swinud (past plural second-person)
swīnand (plural present third-person)
swinun (past plural third-person)
swīnē (first-person present singular)
swinī (first-person past singular)
swīnēs (present second-person singular)
swīnē (present singular third-person)
swinī (past singular third-person)
swīnēm (first-person plural present)
swinīm (first-person past plural)
swīnēþ (plural present second-person)
swinīd (past plural second-person)
swīnēn (plural present third-person)
swinīn (past plural third-person)
swīn (present singular)
swīnid (plural present)
swīnandī (participle present)
swinan (participle past)

Old Saxon: *swīnan

Middle Low German: swînen

Old Dutch: *swīnan

Middle Dutch: swînen

Dutch: swijnen (obsolete)

Old High German: swīnan

Middle High German: swīnen

Alemannic German: schwiine

German: schweinen (obsolete)


fuhs

fuhs (nominative singular)
fohsō (nominative plural)
fohsōs (nominative plural)
fuhs (accusative singular)
fohsā (accusative plural)
fohsas (genitive singular)
fohsō (genitive plural)
fuhsē (dative singular)
fuhsum (dative plural)
fuhsu (instrumental singular)
fuhsum (instrumental plural)

Old English: fox
Middle English: fox, vox, wox
English: fox
Scots: fox
Yola: voxe, vox

Old Frisian: *foks

North Frisian: foos

Saterland Frisian: Foaks

West Frisian: foks

Old Saxon: fohs, fuhs

Middle Low German: vos, vōs

Low German:

Dutch Low Saxon: vos

German Low German: Voß, Voss

Westphalian:

East Westphalian:

Lippisch: Voss, Foss

Paderbornisch: Voß

South Westphalian:

Sauerländisch: Voß

Westmünsterländisch: Foss

Plautdietsch: Foss

→ Icelandic: fox

→ Danish: fos

Old Dutch: fus
Middle Dutch: vos
Dutch: vos
Afrikaans: vos
Jersey Dutch: vośe
Negerhollands: vos
Limburgish: vósj

Old High German: fuhs

Middle High German: vuhs
Alemannic German: Fuchs, Fugs
Walser: fuks, fuksch, fòcks, vucks
Bavarian: Fuchs
Cimbrian: vuks, buks
Mòcheno:
Central Franconian: Fuss, Fuhs, (southern) Fuchs
Hunsrik: Fuchs
Luxembourgish: Fuuss
East Central German:
Vilamovian: füks
East Franconian:
German: Fuchs
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Fux
Swabian: Fuchs
Yiddish: פֿוקס (fuks)


kwisti

kwisti (nominative singular)
kwistī (nominative plural)
kwisti (accusative singular)
kwistī (accusative plural)
kwistī (genitive singular)
kwistijō (genitive plural)
kwistī (dative singular)
kwistim (dative plural)
kwistijum (dative plural)
kwistī (instrumental singular)
kwistim (instrumental plural)
kwistijum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *quist

Middle Low German: quist

Old Dutch: *quist

Middle Dutch: quist

Old High German: kwist, quist


āswik

āswik (nominative singular)
āswikō (nominative plural)
āswikōs (nominative plural)
āswik (accusative singular)
āswikā (accusative plural)
āswikas (genitive singular)
āswikō (genitive plural)
āswikē (dative singular)
āswikum (dative plural)
āswiku (instrumental singular)
āswikum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ǣswiċ

Old High German: āswih


kwistijan

kwistijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
kwistijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
kwistijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
kwistijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
kwistiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
kwistidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
kwistisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
kwistidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kwistidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kwistiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
kwistidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kwistidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kwistijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
kwistidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
kwistiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
kwistidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
kwistijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
kwistidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
kwistijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
kwistidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
kwistijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
kwistidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kwistijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
kwistidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kwistijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
kwistidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
kwistijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
kwistidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
kwistijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
kwistidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
kwisti (class-1 present singular weak)
kwistiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
kwistijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
kwistid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *quistian

Middle Low German: quisten

Old Dutch: *quisten

Middle Dutch: quisten

Dutch: kwisten

Old High German: *quisten

⇒ Old High German: firquisten

⇒ Old High German: irquisten


kwīnan

kwīnan (infinitive)
kwīnannjas (genitive infinitive)
kwīnannjē (dative infinitive)
kwīnannju (infinitive instrumental)
kwīnu (first-person present singular)
kwain (first-person past singular)
kwīniʀi (present second-person singular)
kwinī (past second-person singular)
kwīnidi (present singular third-person)
kwain (past singular third-person)
kwīnum (first-person plural present)
kwinum (first-person past plural)
kwīnid (plural present second-person)
kwinud (past plural second-person)
kwīnand (plural present third-person)
kwinun (past plural third-person)
kwīnē (first-person present singular)
kwinī (first-person past singular)
kwīnēs (present second-person singular)
kwīnē (present singular third-person)
kwinī (past singular third-person)
kwīnēm (first-person plural present)
kwinīm (first-person past plural)
kwīnēþ (plural present second-person)
kwinīd (past plural second-person)
kwīnēn (plural present third-person)
kwinīn (past plural third-person)
kwīn (present singular)
kwīnid (plural present)
kwīnandī (participle present)
kwinan (participle past)

Old English: *cwīnan

⇒ Old English: ācwīnan

Old Frisian: *quīna

gl

⇒ Saterland Frisian: kwienje (alternatively borrowed from Low German)

⇒ West Frisian: kwine, kwynje (alternatively borrowed from Dutch)

Old Saxon: *quīnan

Middle Low German: quînen

German Low German: quienen

Old Dutch: quīnan

Middle Dutch: quinen

Dutch: kwijnen

Old High German: *quīnan

Middle High German: *quīnen

⇒ Middle High German: verquīnen


dwīnan

dwīnan (infinitive)
dwīnannjas (genitive infinitive)
dwīnannjē (dative infinitive)
dwīnannju (infinitive instrumental)
dwīnu (first-person present singular)
dwain (first-person past singular)
dwīniʀi (present second-person singular)
dwinī (past second-person singular)
dwīnidi (present singular third-person)
dwain (past singular third-person)
dwīnum (first-person plural present)
dwinum (first-person past plural)
dwīnid (plural present second-person)
dwinud (past plural second-person)
dwīnand (plural present third-person)
dwinun (past plural third-person)
dwīnē (first-person present singular)
dwinī (first-person past singular)
dwīnēs (present second-person singular)
dwīnē (present singular third-person)
dwinī (past singular third-person)
dwīnēm (first-person plural present)
dwinīm (first-person past plural)
dwīnēþ (plural present second-person)
dwinīd (past plural second-person)
dwīnēn (plural present third-person)
dwinīn (past plural third-person)
dwīn (present singular)
dwīnid (plural present)
dwīnandī (participle present)
dwinan (participle past)

Old English: dwīnan

Middle English: dwinen

Scots: dwyne, dwine

English: dwine; dwindle

Old Frisian: *dwīna

West Frisian: ferdwyne, ferdwine

Old Saxon: *dwīnan

Middle Low German: dwînen

Low German: dwienen, verdwienen

desctree

Old Dutch: *dwīnan
Middle Dutch: dwinen
⇒ Middle Dutch: verdwinen
Dutch: verdwijnen


sīk

sīk (nominative singular)
sīku (nominative plural)
sīk (accusative singular)
sīku (accusative plural)
sīkas (genitive singular)
sīkō (genitive plural)
sīkē (dative singular)
sīkum (dative plural)
sīku (instrumental singular)
sīkum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sīċ

Middle English: sych, syk, syke
English: sitch, sike
Scots: sike, syke

Old Saxon: *sīk

Middle Low German: sīk

German Low German: Sieker

⇒ Old High German: gisīch