hneuwan

hneuwan (infinitive)
hneuwannjas (genitive infinitive)
hneuwannjē (dative infinitive)
hneuwannju (infinitive instrumental)
hneuwu (first-person present singular)
hnauw (first-person past singular)
hniuwiʀi (present second-person singular)
hnuwī (past second-person singular)
hniuwidi (present singular third-person)
hnauw (past singular third-person)
hneuwum (first-person plural present)
hnuwum (first-person past plural)
hniuwid (plural present second-person)
hnuwud (past plural second-person)
hneuwand (plural present third-person)
hnuwun (past plural third-person)
hneuwē (first-person present singular)
hnuwī (first-person past singular)
hneuwēs (present second-person singular)
hneuwē (present singular third-person)
hnuwī (past singular third-person)
hneuwēm (first-person plural present)
hnuwīm (first-person past plural)
hneuwēþ (plural present second-person)
hnuwīd (past plural second-person)
hneuwēn (plural present third-person)
hnuwīn (past plural third-person)
hniuw (present singular)
hniuwid (plural present)
hneuwandī (participle present)
hnowan (participle past)

Old High German: hniuwan, niuwan

Middle High German: niuwen


hleutan

hleutan (infinitive)
hleutannjas (genitive infinitive)
hleutannjē (dative infinitive)
hleutannju (infinitive instrumental)
hleutu (first-person present singular)
hlaut (first-person past singular)
hliutiʀi (present second-person singular)
hlutī (past second-person singular)
hliutidi (present singular third-person)
hlaut (past singular third-person)
hleutum (first-person plural present)
hlutum (first-person past plural)
hliutid (plural present second-person)
hlutud (past plural second-person)
hleutand (plural present third-person)
hlutun (past plural third-person)
hleutē (first-person present singular)
hlutī (first-person past singular)
hleutēs (present second-person singular)
hleutē (present singular third-person)
hlutī (past singular third-person)
hleutēm (first-person plural present)
hlutīm (first-person past plural)
hleutēþ (plural present second-person)
hlutīd (past plural second-person)
hleutēn (plural present third-person)
hlutīn (past plural third-person)
hliut (present singular)
hliutid (plural present)
hleutandī (participle present)
hlotan (participle past)

Old English: hlēotan

Old Saxon: hliotan

Old High German: hliozan, liozan

Middle High German: liezen


hneudan

hneudan (infinitive)
hneudannjas (genitive infinitive)
hneudannjē (dative infinitive)
hneudannju (infinitive instrumental)
hneudu (first-person present singular)
hnaud (first-person past singular)
hniudiʀi (present second-person singular)
hnudī (past second-person singular)
hniudidi (present singular third-person)
hnaud (past singular third-person)
hneudum (first-person plural present)
hnudum (first-person past plural)
hniudid (plural present second-person)
hnudud (past plural second-person)
hneudand (plural present third-person)
hnudun (past plural third-person)
hneudē (first-person present singular)
hnudī (first-person past singular)
hneudēs (present second-person singular)
hneudē (present singular third-person)
hnudī (past singular third-person)
hneudēm (first-person plural present)
hnudīm (first-person past plural)
hneudēþ (plural present second-person)
hnudīd (past plural second-person)
hneudēn (plural present third-person)
hnudīn (past plural third-person)
hniud (present singular)
hniudid (plural present)
hneudandī (participle present)
hnodan (participle past)

Old Saxon: *hniodan

Middle Low German: nêden

Old Dutch: *niedan

Middle Dutch: nieden

Old High German: *hniotan, *niotan

Middle High German: nieten

German: nieten

→ Swedish: nita

⇒ Old High German: bihniotan


þreuwan

þreuwan (infinitive)
þreuwannjas (genitive infinitive)
þreuwannjē (dative infinitive)
þreuwannju (infinitive instrumental)
þreuwu (first-person present singular)
þrauw (first-person past singular)
þriuwiʀi (present second-person singular)
þruwī (past second-person singular)
þriuwidi (present singular third-person)
þrauw (past singular third-person)
þreuwum (first-person plural present)
þruwum (first-person past plural)
þriuwid (plural present second-person)
þruwud (past plural second-person)
þreuwand (plural present third-person)
þruwun (past plural third-person)
þreuwē (first-person present singular)
þruwī (first-person past singular)
þreuwēs (present second-person singular)
þreuwē (present singular third-person)
þruwī (past singular third-person)
þreuwēm (first-person plural present)
þruwīm (first-person past plural)
þreuwēþ (plural present second-person)
þruwīd (past plural second-person)
þreuwēn (plural present third-person)
þruwīn (past plural third-person)
þriuw (present singular)
þriuwid (plural present)
þreuwandī (participle present)
þrowan (participle past)

Old High German: driuwan


streupan

streupan (infinitive)
streupannjas (genitive infinitive)
streupannjē (dative infinitive)
streupannju (infinitive instrumental)
streupu (first-person present singular)
straup (first-person past singular)
striupiʀi (present second-person singular)
strupī (past second-person singular)
striupidi (present singular third-person)
straup (past singular third-person)
streupum (first-person plural present)
strupum (first-person past plural)
striupid (plural present second-person)
strupud (past plural second-person)
streupand (plural present third-person)
strupun (past plural third-person)
streupē (first-person present singular)
strupī (first-person past singular)
streupēs (present second-person singular)
streupē (present singular third-person)
strupī (past singular third-person)
streupēm (first-person plural present)
strupīm (first-person past plural)
streupēþ (plural present second-person)
strupīd (past plural second-person)
streupēn (plural present third-person)
strupīn (past plural third-person)
striup (present singular)
striupid (plural present)
streupandī (participle present)
stropan (participle past)

Old High German: *striofan

Middle High German: striefen

German: striefen (archaic, obsolete)


lūtan

lūtan (infinitive)
lūtannjas (genitive infinitive)
lūtannjē (dative infinitive)
lūtannju (infinitive instrumental)
lūtu (first-person present singular)
laut (first-person past singular)
lūtiʀi (present second-person singular)
lutī (past second-person singular)
lūtidi (present singular third-person)
laut (past singular third-person)
lūtum (first-person plural present)
lutum (first-person past plural)
lūtid (plural present second-person)
lutud (past plural second-person)
lūtand (plural present third-person)
lutun (past plural third-person)
lūtē (first-person present singular)
lutī (first-person past singular)
lūtēs (present second-person singular)
lūtē (present singular third-person)
lutī (past singular third-person)
lūtēm (first-person plural present)
lutīm (first-person past plural)
lūtēþ (plural present second-person)
lutīd (past plural second-person)
lūtēn (plural present third-person)
lutīn (past plural third-person)
lūt (present singular)
lūtid (plural present)
lūtandī (participle present)
lotan (participle past)

Old English: lūtan

Middle English: louten

Scots: loot, lout

English: lout

(Anglo-Frisian Germanic) to bow down, to lout


reufan

reufan (infinitive)
reufannjas (genitive infinitive)
reufannjē (dative infinitive)
reufannju (infinitive instrumental)
reufu (first-person present singular)
rauf (first-person past singular)
riufiʀi (present second-person singular)
rubī (past second-person singular)
riufidi (present singular third-person)
rauf (past singular third-person)
reufum (first-person plural present)
rubum (first-person past plural)
riufid (plural present second-person)
rubud (past plural second-person)
reufand (plural present third-person)
rubun (past plural third-person)
reufē (first-person present singular)
rubī (first-person past singular)
reufēs (present second-person singular)
reufē (present singular third-person)
rubī (past singular third-person)
reufēm (first-person plural present)
rubīm (first-person past plural)
reufēþ (plural present second-person)
rubīd (past plural second-person)
reufēn (plural present third-person)
rubīn (past plural third-person)
riuf (present singular)
riufid (plural present)
reufandī (participle present)
roban (participle past)

Old English: rēofan

Middle English: reven (merged with descendants of *raubōną)

Scots: refe, reiff, reve

English: reave, reeve, reve


þreutan

þreutan (infinitive)
þreutannjas (genitive infinitive)
þreutannjē (dative infinitive)
þreutannju (infinitive instrumental)
þreutu (first-person present singular)
þraut (first-person past singular)
þriutiʀi (present second-person singular)
þrutī (past second-person singular)
þriutidi (present singular third-person)
þraut (past singular third-person)
þreutum (first-person plural present)
þrutum (first-person past plural)
þriutid (plural present second-person)
þrutud (past plural second-person)
þreutand (plural present third-person)
þrutun (past plural third-person)
þreutē (first-person present singular)
þrutī (first-person past singular)
þreutēs (present second-person singular)
þreutē (present singular third-person)
þrutī (past singular third-person)
þreutēm (first-person plural present)
þrutīm (first-person past plural)
þreutēþ (plural present second-person)
þrutīd (past plural second-person)
þreutēn (plural present third-person)
þrutīn (past plural third-person)
þriut (present singular)
þriutid (plural present)
þreutandī (participle present)
þrotan (participle past)

Old English: þrēotan

Old Saxon: thriotan

Middle Low German: drēten


hneusan

hneusan (infinitive)
hneusannjas (genitive infinitive)
hneusannjē (dative infinitive)
hneusannju (infinitive instrumental)
hneusu (first-person present singular)
hnaus (first-person past singular)
hniusiʀi (present second-person singular)
hnuʀī (past second-person singular)
hniusidi (present singular third-person)
hnaus (past singular third-person)
hneusum (first-person plural present)
hnuʀum (first-person past plural)
hniusid (plural present second-person)
hnuʀud (past plural second-person)
hneusand (plural present third-person)
hnuʀun (past plural third-person)
hneusē (first-person present singular)
hnuʀī (first-person past singular)
hneusēs (present second-person singular)
hneusē (present singular third-person)
hnuʀī (past singular third-person)
hneusēm (first-person plural present)
hnuʀīm (first-person past plural)
hneusēþ (plural present second-person)
hnuʀīd (past plural second-person)
hneusēn (plural present third-person)
hnuʀīn (past plural third-person)
hnius (present singular)
hniusid (plural present)
hneusandī (participle present)
hnoʀan (participle past)

Old English: *hnēosan (possibly a loan)

Middle English: nesen

English: neeze

Scots: nese, neese

Old Saxon: *hniosan

Middle Low German: nēsen, neisen

desctree

Old Dutch: *niesan
Middle Dutch: niesen
Dutch: niezen
Afrikaans: nies

Old High German: niosan

Middle High German: niesen

German: niesen

Yiddish: ניסן (nisn)


hrūtan

hrūtan (infinitive)
hrūtannjas (genitive infinitive)
hrūtannjē (dative infinitive)
hrūtannju (infinitive instrumental)
hrūtu (first-person present singular)
hraut (first-person past singular)
hrūtiʀi (present second-person singular)
hrutī (past second-person singular)
hrūtidi (present singular third-person)
hraut (past singular third-person)
hrūtum (first-person plural present)
hrutum (first-person past plural)
hrūtid (plural present second-person)
hrutud (past plural second-person)
hrūtand (plural present third-person)
hrutun (past plural third-person)
hrūtē (first-person present singular)
hrutī (first-person past singular)
hrūtēs (present second-person singular)
hrūtē (present singular third-person)
hrutī (past singular third-person)
hrūtēm (first-person plural present)
hrutīm (first-person past plural)
hrūtēþ (plural present second-person)
hrutīd (past plural second-person)
hrūtēn (plural present third-person)
hrutīn (past plural third-person)
hrūt (present singular)
hrūtid (plural present)
hrūtandī (participle present)
hrotan (participle past)

Old English: hrūtan
Middle English: routen, roten
English: rout
Scots: rout

Old Frisian: hrūta

West Frisian: rute

Old Saxon: hrūtan

Middle Low German: ruten

Old Dutch: *rūtan

Middle Dutch: ruten

Dutch: ruiten (obsolete)

Old High German: rūzan, rūzzan

Middle High German: rūzen


krūdan

krūdan (infinitive)
krūdannjas (genitive infinitive)
krūdannjē (dative infinitive)
krūdannju (infinitive instrumental)
krūdu (first-person present singular)
kraud (first-person past singular)
krūdiʀi (present second-person singular)
krudī (past second-person singular)
krūdidi (present singular third-person)
kraud (past singular third-person)
krūdum (first-person plural present)
krudum (first-person past plural)
krūdid (plural present second-person)
krudud (past plural second-person)
krūdand (plural present third-person)
krudun (past plural third-person)
krūdē (first-person present singular)
krudī (first-person past singular)
krūdēs (present second-person singular)
krūdē (present singular third-person)
krudī (past singular third-person)
krūdēm (first-person plural present)
krudīm (first-person past plural)
krūdēþ (plural present second-person)
krudīd (past plural second-person)
krūdēn (plural present third-person)
krudīn (past plural third-person)
krūd (present singular)
krūdid (plural present)
krūdandī (participle present)
krodan (participle past)

Old English: crūdan

Middle English: cruden, crouden, croden

Scots: crood

English: crowd

Old Frisian: *krūde, *krūe, *krūie

Saterland Frisian: kröie

West Frisian: kruie

Old Saxon: *krūdan

desc

Middle Low German: krǖden, krōden, kruden, kroden

German Low German: kroden

desctree

Old Dutch: *crūdan
Middle Dutch: cruden
Dutch: kruien
Afrikaans: kruie, krui

Old High German: *krūtan

desc

Middle High German: kruden, kroten, kröten


sleupan

sleupan (infinitive)
sleupannjas (genitive infinitive)
sleupannjē (dative infinitive)
sleupannju (infinitive instrumental)
sleupu (first-person present singular)
slaup (first-person past singular)
sliupiʀi (present second-person singular)
slupī (past second-person singular)
sliupidi (present singular third-person)
slaup (past singular third-person)
sleupum (first-person plural present)
slupum (first-person past plural)
sliupid (plural present second-person)
slupud (past plural second-person)
sleupand (plural present third-person)
slupun (past plural third-person)
sleupē (first-person present singular)
slupī (first-person past singular)
sleupēs (present second-person singular)
sleupē (present singular third-person)
slupī (past singular third-person)
sleupēm (first-person plural present)
slupīm (first-person past plural)
sleupēþ (plural present second-person)
slupīd (past plural second-person)
sleupēn (plural present third-person)
slupīn (past plural third-person)
sliup (present singular)
sliupid (plural present)
sleupandī (participle present)
slopan (participle past)

Old English: slūpan

Old Frisian: *slūpa

⇒ Saterland Frisian: sluupje

West Frisian: slûpe

Old Saxon: *slūpan

Middle Low German: slûpen

German Low German: slupen

Old Dutch: slūpen

Middle Dutch: slupen

Dutch: sluipen

Afrikaans: sluip

Old High German: sliofan

Middle High German: sliefen

German: schliefen


kleuban

kleuban (infinitive)
kleubannjas (genitive infinitive)
kleubannjē (dative infinitive)
kleubannju (infinitive instrumental)
kleubu (first-person present singular)
klaub (first-person past singular)
kliubiʀi (present second-person singular)
klubī (past second-person singular)
kliubidi (present singular third-person)
klaub (past singular third-person)
kleubum (first-person plural present)
klubum (first-person past plural)
kliubid (plural present second-person)
klubud (past plural second-person)
kleuband (plural present third-person)
klubun (past plural third-person)
kleubē (first-person present singular)
klubī (first-person past singular)
kleubēs (present second-person singular)
kleubē (present singular third-person)
klubī (past singular third-person)
kleubēm (first-person plural present)
klubīm (first-person past plural)
kleubēþ (plural present second-person)
klubīd (past plural second-person)
kleubēn (plural present third-person)
klubīn (past plural third-person)
kliub (present singular)
kliubid (plural present)
kleubandī (participle present)
kloban (participle past)

desctree

Old English: clēofan
Middle English: cleven
English: cleave
Scots: cleave

Old Saxon: kliovan

Middle Low German: klûven (with alternative present-tense vowel)

Low German: klöven

Old Dutch: *clievan
Middle Dutch: clieven
Dutch: klieven
Limburgish: kleive

Old High German: klioban

Middle High German: klieben

Cimbrian: khliipan

German: klieben


sūkan

sūkan (infinitive)
sūkannjas (genitive infinitive)
sūkannjē (dative infinitive)
sūkannju (infinitive instrumental)
sūku (first-person present singular)
sauk (first-person past singular)
sūkiʀi (present second-person singular)
sukī (past second-person singular)
sūkidi (present singular third-person)
sauk (past singular third-person)
sūkum (first-person plural present)
sukum (first-person past plural)
sūkid (plural present second-person)
sukud (past plural second-person)
sūkand (plural present third-person)
sukun (past plural third-person)
sūkē (first-person present singular)
sukī (first-person past singular)
sūkēs (present second-person singular)
sūkē (present singular third-person)
sukī (past singular third-person)
sūkēm (first-person plural present)
sukīm (first-person past plural)
sūkēþ (plural present second-person)
sukīd (past plural second-person)
sūkēn (plural present third-person)
sukīn (past plural third-person)
sūk (present singular)
sūkid (plural present)
sūkandī (participle present)
sokan (participle past)

Old English: sūcan

Middle English: souken, suken

Scots: souke, souk

English: suck

Old Dutch: *sūcan
Middle Dutch: suken
Dutch: zuiken (dialectal or obsolete)
Limburgish: zuken, zoeken


steuban

steuban (infinitive)
steubannjas (genitive infinitive)
steubannjē (dative infinitive)
steubannju (infinitive instrumental)
steubu (first-person present singular)
staub (first-person past singular)
stiubiʀi (present second-person singular)
stubī (past second-person singular)
stiubidi (present singular third-person)
staub (past singular third-person)
steubum (first-person plural present)
stubum (first-person past plural)
stiubid (plural present second-person)
stubud (past plural second-person)
steuband (plural present third-person)
stubun (past plural third-person)
steubē (first-person present singular)
stubī (first-person past singular)
steubēs (present second-person singular)
steubē (present singular third-person)
stubī (past singular third-person)
steubēm (first-person plural present)
stubīm (first-person past plural)
steubēþ (plural present second-person)
stubīd (past plural second-person)
steubēn (plural present third-person)
stubīn (past plural third-person)
stiub (present singular)
stiubid (plural present)
steubandī (participle present)
stoban (participle past)

Old Frisian: *stūva

Saterland Frisian: stuuwe

West Frisian: stowe

Old Saxon: *stiovan, *stūvan

Middle Low German: stûven

German Low German: stuven

Old Dutch: *stūvan
Middle Dutch: stuven
Dutch: stuiven
Afrikaans: stuif, stuiwe

Old High German: stioban

Middle High German: stieben, stiuben

German: stieben


seuþan

seuþan (infinitive)
seuþannjas (genitive infinitive)
seuþannjē (dative infinitive)
seuþannju (infinitive instrumental)
seuþu (first-person present singular)
sauþ (first-person past singular)
siuþiʀi (present second-person singular)
sudī (past second-person singular)
siuþidi (present singular third-person)
sauþ (past singular third-person)
seuþum (first-person plural present)
sudum (first-person past plural)
siuþid (plural present second-person)
sudud (past plural second-person)
seuþand (plural present third-person)
sudun (past plural third-person)
seuþē (first-person present singular)
sudī (first-person past singular)
seuþēs (present second-person singular)
seuþē (present singular third-person)
sudī (past singular third-person)
seuþēm (first-person plural present)
sudīm (first-person past plural)
seuþēþ (plural present second-person)
sudīd (past plural second-person)
seuþēn (plural present third-person)
sudīn (past plural third-person)
siuþ (present singular)
siuþid (plural present)
seuþandī (participle present)
sodan (participle past)

Old English: sēoþan

Middle English: sethen

Scots: seth, seith

English: seethe

Old Frisian: siāþa, siātha

Saterland Frisian: sjoode

West Frisian: sjiedden, siede

Old Saxon: *siothan

Middle Low German: sêden

Low German: seden

Old Dutch: *siethan
Middle Dutch: sieden
Dutch: zieden

Old High German: siodan

Middle High German: sieden

German: sieden

Bavarian: siadn

Luxembourgish: sueden


smeugan

smeugan (infinitive)
smeugannjas (genitive infinitive)
smeugannjē (dative infinitive)
smeugannju (infinitive instrumental)
smeugu (first-person present singular)
smaug (first-person past singular)
smiugiʀi (present second-person singular)
smugī (past second-person singular)
smiugidi (present singular third-person)
smaug (past singular third-person)
smeugum (first-person plural present)
smugum (first-person past plural)
smiugid (plural present second-person)
smugud (past plural second-person)
smeugand (plural present third-person)
smugun (past plural third-person)
smeugē (first-person present singular)
smugī (first-person past singular)
smeugēs (present second-person singular)
smeugē (present singular third-person)
smugī (past singular third-person)
smeugēm (first-person plural present)
smugīm (first-person past plural)
smeugēþ (plural present second-person)
smugīd (past plural second-person)
smeugēn (plural present third-person)
smugīn (past plural third-person)
smiug (present singular)
smiugid (plural present)
smeugandī (participle present)
smogan (participle past)

Old English: smūgan
Middle English: smuȝen
Scots: smue, smow, smoo

Old Frisian: *smūga

⇒ Old Frisian: smūginge

Old Dutch: *smūgan
Middle Dutch: *smugen
Dutch: smuigen, smiegen, smoegen

Old High German: smiogan

Middle High German: smiegen

German: schmiegen

smogen

Old High German: *smogōn; Middle High German


reudan

reudan (infinitive)
reudannjas (genitive infinitive)
reudannjē (dative infinitive)
reudannju (infinitive instrumental)
reudu (first-person present singular)
raud (first-person past singular)
riudiʀi (present second-person singular)
rudī (past second-person singular)
riudidi (present singular third-person)
raud (past singular third-person)
reudum (first-person plural present)
rudum (first-person past plural)
riudid (plural present second-person)
rudud (past plural second-person)
reudand (plural present third-person)
rudun (past plural third-person)
reudē (first-person present singular)
rudī (first-person past singular)
reudēs (present second-person singular)
reudē (present singular third-person)
rudī (past singular third-person)
reudēm (first-person plural present)
rudīm (first-person past plural)
reudēþ (plural present second-person)
rudīd (past plural second-person)
reudēn (plural present third-person)
rudīn (past plural third-person)
riud (present singular)
riudid (plural present)
reudandī (participle present)
rodan (participle past)

Old English: rēodan

From Proto-Germanic *reudaną (“to redden”).


reudan

Old English: rēodan

Old High German: *riotan

Middle High German: rieten

From Proto-Germanic *reudaną (“to clear”).


spreutan

spreutan (infinitive)
spreutannjas (genitive infinitive)
spreutannjē (dative infinitive)
spreutannju (infinitive instrumental)
spreutu (first-person present singular)
spraut (first-person past singular)
spriutiʀi (present second-person singular)
sprutī (past second-person singular)
spriutidi (present singular third-person)
spraut (past singular third-person)
spreutum (first-person plural present)
sprutum (first-person past plural)
spriutid (plural present second-person)
sprutud (past plural second-person)
spreutand (plural present third-person)
sprutun (past plural third-person)
spreutē (first-person present singular)
sprutī (first-person past singular)
spreutēs (present second-person singular)
spreutē (present singular third-person)
sprutī (past singular third-person)
spreutēm (first-person plural present)
sprutīm (first-person past plural)
spreutēþ (plural present second-person)
sprutīd (past plural second-person)
spreutēn (plural present third-person)
sprutīn (past plural third-person)
spriut (present singular)
spriutid (plural present)
spreutandī (participle present)
sprotan (participle past)

Old English: *sprēotan, sprūtan

Middle English: spruten, sprouten

English: sprout

Scots: sproot, spruit

⇒ Old English: āsprēotan

⇒ Old English: ġeondsprēot

Old Frisian: sprūta

Saterland Frisian: sprute, spruutje

West Frisian: sprûte

Old Saxon: *spriotan, *sprūtan

Middle Low German: sprêten, sprûten

German Low German: spruten

⇒ Old Saxon: ūtsprūtan

Middle Low German: ûtsprûten

German Low German: utspruten

Old Dutch: *sprūtan
Middle Dutch: spruten
Dutch: spruiten
Afrikaans: spruit
→ Papiamentu: sprùit, spreit, spruit

Old High German: *spriozan, *sprūzan

Middle High German: spriezen, sprūzen

German: sprießen

Luxembourgish: spréissen


reutan

reutan (infinitive)
reutannjas (genitive infinitive)
reutannjē (dative infinitive)
reutannju (infinitive instrumental)
reutu (first-person present singular)
raut (first-person past singular)
riutiʀi (present second-person singular)
rutī (past second-person singular)
riutidi (present singular third-person)
raut (past singular third-person)
reutum (first-person plural present)
rutum (first-person past plural)
riutid (plural present second-person)
rutud (past plural second-person)
reutand (plural present third-person)
rutun (past plural third-person)
reutē (first-person present singular)
rutī (first-person past singular)
reutēs (present second-person singular)
reutē (present singular third-person)
rutī (past singular third-person)
reutēm (first-person plural present)
rutīm (first-person past plural)
reutēþ (plural present second-person)
rutīd (past plural second-person)
reutēn (plural present third-person)
rutīn (past plural third-person)
riut (present singular)
riutid (plural present)
reutandī (participle present)
rotan (participle past)

Old English: rēotan

Old Saxon: *riotan

Middle Low German: rêten

Old High German: riozan, riuzan

Middle High German: riezen


kreupan

kreupan (infinitive)
kreupannjas (genitive infinitive)
kreupannjē (dative infinitive)
kreupannju (infinitive instrumental)
kreupu (first-person present singular)
kraup (first-person past singular)
kriupiʀi (present second-person singular)
krupī (past second-person singular)
kriupidi (present singular third-person)
kraup (past singular third-person)
kreupum (first-person plural present)
krupum (first-person past plural)
kriupid (plural present second-person)
krupud (past plural second-person)
kreupand (plural present third-person)
krupun (past plural third-person)
kreupē (first-person present singular)
krupī (first-person past singular)
kreupēs (present second-person singular)
kreupē (present singular third-person)
krupī (past singular third-person)
kreupēm (first-person plural present)
krupīm (first-person past plural)
kreupēþ (plural present second-person)
krupīd (past plural second-person)
kreupēn (plural present third-person)
krupīn (past plural third-person)
kriup (present singular)
kriupid (plural present)
kreupandī (participle present)
kropan (participle past)

Old English: crēopan

Middle English: crepen

English: creep

Scots: crepe, creip

desc

Old Frisian: krūpa, kriāpa, kriēpa, krēpa

Saterland Frisian: krjope, kjoope

West Frisian: krippe, krûpe

Old Saxon: kriopan

Middle Low German: krêpen, krûpen

German Low German: krepen, krupen

desctree

Old Dutch: *crūpan
Middle Dutch: crupen
Dutch: kruipen
Afrikaans: kruip
Negerhollands: krup, kryb
Limburgish: kroepe

Old High German: kriofan, *krūfan

Middle High German: kriefen, krūfen

German: kraufen, krüpfen

Alemannic German: chrüpfen

Central Franconian: kruffe


dūkan

dūkan (infinitive)
dūkannjas (genitive infinitive)
dūkannjē (dative infinitive)
dūkannju (infinitive instrumental)
dūku (first-person present singular)
dauk (first-person past singular)
dūkiʀi (present second-person singular)
dukī (past second-person singular)
dūkidi (present singular third-person)
dauk (past singular third-person)
dūkum (first-person plural present)
dukum (first-person past plural)
dūkid (plural present second-person)
dukud (past plural second-person)
dūkand (plural present third-person)
dukun (past plural third-person)
dūkē (first-person present singular)
dukī (first-person past singular)
dūkēs (present second-person singular)
dūkē (present singular third-person)
dukī (past singular third-person)
dūkēm (first-person plural present)
dukīm (first-person past plural)
dūkēþ (plural present second-person)
dukīd (past plural second-person)
dūkēn (plural present third-person)
dukīn (past plural third-person)
dūk (present singular)
dūkid (plural present)
dūkandī (participle present)
dokan (participle past)

Old English: *dūcan

Middle English: duken, douken

English: duck

Scots: douk, dook

Old Frisian: dūka

West Frisian: dûke

Old Saxon: *dūkan

Middle Low German: dûken

Low German: duken

→ Swedish: dyka, duka

Old Dutch: *dūcan
Middle Dutch: duken
Dutch: duiken
Limburgish: duke

Old High German: *tūhhan, *tūchan

Middle High German: tūchen, douchen

German: tauchen

Luxembourgish: dauchen


leukan

leukan (infinitive)
leukannjas (genitive infinitive)
leukannjē (dative infinitive)
leukannju (infinitive instrumental)
leuku (first-person present singular)
lauk (first-person past singular)
liukiʀi (present second-person singular)
lukī (past second-person singular)
liukidi (present singular third-person)
lauk (past singular third-person)
leukum (first-person plural present)
lukum (first-person past plural)
liukid (plural present second-person)
lukud (past plural second-person)
leukand (plural present third-person)
lukun (past plural third-person)
leukē (first-person present singular)
lukī (first-person past singular)
leukēs (present second-person singular)
leukē (present singular third-person)
lukī (past singular third-person)
leukēm (first-person plural present)
lukīm (first-person past plural)
leukēþ (plural present second-person)
lukīd (past plural second-person)
leukēn (plural present third-person)
lukīn (past plural third-person)
liuk (present singular)
liukid (plural present)
leukandī (participle present)
lokan (participle past)

Old English: lūcan

Middle English: louken

English: louk, look (“to weed”) (dialectal)

Old Frisian: lūka

West Frisian: lûke

Old Saxon: *lūkan

Middle Low German: lûken

Low German: luken

⇒ Low German: lucksen

→ German: abluchsen (partially)

Old High German: liohhan

Middle High German: liechen

German: liechen


dropō

dropō (nominative singular)
dropan (nominative plural)
dropan (accusative singular)
dropan (accusative plural)
drupini (genitive singular)
dropan (genitive singular)
dropanō (genitive plural)
drupini (dative singular)
dropan (dative singular)
dropum (dative plural)
drupini (instrumental singular)
dropan (instrumental singular)
dropum (instrumental plural)

Old English: dropa
Middle English: drope
English: drop
Scots: drop, drope, drap, drape

Old Frisian: *dropa

Saterland Frisian: Droupe, Druppe

Old Saxon: dropo
Middle Low German: drope, drupe, drup
German Low German: Drüpp

Old Dutch: dropo

Middle Dutch: drope, drop

Dutch: drop

Old High German: tropfo, troffo, tropho
Middle High German: tropfe
German: Tropfe, Tropfen
Yiddish: טראָפּן (tropn), טראָפּ (trop)


-attjan

-attjan (infinitive)
-attjannjas (genitive infinitive)
-attjannjē (dative infinitive)
-attjannju (infinitive instrumental)
-attju (first-person present singular)
-attā (first-person past singular)
-atisi (present second-person singular)
-attēs (past second-person singular)
-attōs (past second-person singular)
-atiþi (present singular third-person)
-attē (past singular third-person)
-attā (past singular third-person)
-attjum (first-person plural present)
-attum (first-person past plural)
-atiþ (plural present second-person)
-attud (past plural second-person)
-attjanþ (plural present third-person)
-attun (past plural third-person)
-attjē (first-person present singular)
-attī (first-person past singular)
-attjēs (present second-person singular)
-attī (past second-person singular)
-attjē (present singular third-person)
-attī (past singular third-person)
-attjēm (first-person plural present)
-attīm (first-person past plural)
-attjēþ (plural present second-person)
-attīd (past plural second-person)
-attjēn (plural present third-person)
-attīn (past plural third-person)
-ati (present singular)
-atiþ (plural present)
-attjandī (participle present)
-att (participle past)

Old English: -ettan
Middle English: thouten (“to address as 'thou'”), yeten (“to address as 'ye'”) (likely); grunten (from Old English grunnettan); spouten,
English: yeet, grunt, fidget (possibly), spout, botch, haunt (via French)

Old High German: -azzen, -ezzen

Middle High German: -ezzen, -zen, -sen

German: -zen, -sen

Creates verbs from nouns and adjectives, similar to -ise.

Creates intensive verbs from other verbs.


wirkijan

wirkijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
wirkijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
wirkijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
wirkijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
wirkiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wirkidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wirkisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wirkidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wirkidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wirkiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wirkidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wirkidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wirkijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wirkidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wirkiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wirkidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wirkijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wirkidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wirkijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wirkidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wirkijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wirkidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wirkijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wirkidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wirkijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wirkidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wirkijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wirkidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wirkijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wirkidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wirki (class-1 present singular weak)
wirkiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
wirkijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
wirkid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: wyrċan, wyrċean, wirċean, wirċan
Middle English: werchen, wirchen, werken
English: work, wrought (from past participle worhte)
Scots: wark, wirk

Old Frisian: wirka, wirza, werka

West Frisian: wurkje

Old Saxon: wirkian

Middle Low German: werken

German Low German: warken

Old Dutch: wirken
Middle Dutch: werken
Dutch: werken
Afrikaans: werk
Limburgish: wèrke

Old High German: wirken

Middle High German: wirken

German: wirken

Luxembourgish: wierken

From Proto-Germanic *wirkijaną. Equivalent to *werk (“work”) + *-jan.


dropattjan

dropattjan (infinitive)
dropattjannjas (genitive infinitive)
dropattjannjē (dative infinitive)
dropattjannju (infinitive instrumental)
dropattju (first-person present singular)
dropattā (first-person past singular)
dropatisi (present second-person singular)
dropattēs (past second-person singular)
dropattōs (past second-person singular)
dropatiþi (present singular third-person)
dropattē (past singular third-person)
dropattā (past singular third-person)
dropattjum (first-person plural present)
dropattum (first-person past plural)
dropatiþ (plural present second-person)
dropattud (past plural second-person)
dropattjanþ (plural present third-person)
dropattun (past plural third-person)
dropattjē (first-person present singular)
dropattī (first-person past singular)
dropattjēs (present second-person singular)
dropattī (past second-person singular)
dropattjē (present singular third-person)
dropattī (past singular third-person)
dropattjēm (first-person plural present)
dropattīm (first-person past plural)
dropattjēþ (plural present second-person)
dropattīd (past plural second-person)
dropattjēn (plural present third-person)
dropattīn (past plural third-person)
dropati (present singular)
dropatiþ (plural present)
dropattjandī (participle present)
dropatt (participle past)

Old English: dropettan, droppettan

Old Dutch: dropetten

Old High German: tropfezzen, trophezzen

Middle High German: tropfezen

From Proto-Germanic *drupatjaną. Equivalent to *dropō + *-attjan.

to form into drops and fall, dribble, drip


aunōn

aunōn (infinitive)
aunōnijas (genitive infinitive)
aunōnijē (dative infinitive)
aunōniju (infinitive instrumental)
aunō (first-person present singular)
aunōdā (first-person past singular)
aunōs (present second-person singular)
aunōdēs (past second-person singular)
aunōdōs (past second-person singular)
aunōþ (present singular third-person)
aunōdē (past singular third-person)
aunōdā (past singular third-person)
aunōm (first-person plural present)
aunōdum (first-person past plural)
aunōþ (plural present second-person)
aunōdud (past plural second-person)
aunōnþ (plural present third-person)
aunōdun (past plural third-person)
aunōdī (first-person past singular)
aunōdī (past second-person singular)
aunō (present singular third-person)
aunōdī (past singular third-person)
aunōdīm (first-person past plural)
aunōdīd (past plural second-person)
aunōn (plural present third-person)
aunōdīn (past plural third-person)
aunō (present singular)
aunōþ (plural present)
aunōndī (participle present)
aunōd (participle past)

Old English: ēanian
Middle English: enen, einde, enyen, enyn
English: ean
Scots: eenie

Old Frisian: *ānia

⇒ Saterland Frisian: bejänne

West Frisian: eandsje, inje, (antsje?)

Old Saxon: *ōnon

Middle Low German: *ônen

→ North Frisian: oone (Hallig)

Old Dutch: *ōnon

Middle Dutch: *ônen

Dutch: onen (dialectal)

Transactions of the Philological Society


-nassī

-nassī (nominative singular)
-nassīn (accusative singular)
-nassīn (genitive singular)
-nassīn (dative singular)
-nassīn (instrumental singular)
-nassī (nominative singular)
-nassiju (nominative plural)
-nassī (accusative singular)
-nassiju (accusative plural)
-nassijas (genitive singular)
-nassijō (genitive plural)
-nassijē (dative singular)
-nassijum (dative plural)
-nassiju (instrumental singular)
-nassijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: -nes, -ness, -nis, -niss, -nys, -nyss
Middle English: -nesse, -ness, -nes, -nece, -nesce, -nisse, -nis, -næse, -næs, -nez
English: -ness
Scots: -nes

Old Frisian: -nisse, -ense

Saterland Frisian: -nisse, -nis

West Frisian: -ens

Old Saxon: -nessi, -nissi, -nussi

Middle Low German: -nisse
Low German: -nis

Old Dutch: -nissi, -nussi

Middle Dutch: -nisse

Dutch: -nis

Afrikaans: -nis

Old High German: -nissi, -nussi

desc

Middle High German: -nisse, -nusse, -nüsse (at least in rhyme)

German: -nis, -niß -nüß, -nuß

Yiddish: ־ניש (-nish)

From *-nass, from Proto-Germanic *-inassuz, + *-ī.

Used to form abstract nouns, usually from adjectives, denoting quality or state; -ness


swikul

swikul (masculine nominative singular)
swikulu (feminine nominative singular)
swikul (neuter nominative singular)
swikulanā (accusative masculine singular)
swikulā (accusative feminine singular)
swikul (accusative neuter singular)
swikulas (genitive masculine singular)
swikuleʀā (feminine genitive singular)
swikulas (genitive neuter singular)
swikulumē (dative masculine singular)
swikuleʀē (dative feminine singular)
swikulumē (dative neuter singular)
swikulu (instrumental masculine singular)
swikuleʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
swikulu (instrumental neuter singular)
swikulē (masculine nominative plural)
swikulō (feminine nominative plural)
swikulu (neuter nominative plural)
swikulā (accusative masculine plural)
swikulā (accusative feminine plural)
swikulu (accusative neuter plural)
swikuleʀō (genitive masculine plural)
swikuleʀō (feminine genitive plural)
swikuleʀō (genitive neuter plural)
swikulēm (dative masculine plural)
swikulum (dative masculine plural)
swikulēm (dative feminine plural)
swikulum (dative feminine plural)
swikulēm (dative neuter plural)
swikulum (dative neuter plural)
swikulēm (instrumental masculine plural)
swikulum (instrumental masculine plural)
swikulēm (feminine instrumental plural)
swikulum (feminine instrumental plural)
swikulēm (instrumental neuter plural)
swikulum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: swicol

Old High German: *swihhil

⇒ Old High German: biswihhil

From Proto-Germanic *swikulaz. Equivalent to *swīkwan + *-ul.

tending to betray, treacherous, deceitful


etul

etul (masculine nominative singular)
etulu (feminine nominative singular)
etul (neuter nominative singular)
etulanā (accusative masculine singular)
etulā (accusative feminine singular)
etul (accusative neuter singular)
etulas (genitive masculine singular)
etuleʀā (feminine genitive singular)
etulas (genitive neuter singular)
etulumē (dative masculine singular)
etuleʀē (dative feminine singular)
etulumē (dative neuter singular)
etulu (instrumental masculine singular)
etuleʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
etulu (instrumental neuter singular)
etulē (masculine nominative plural)
etulō (feminine nominative plural)
etulu (neuter nominative plural)
etulā (accusative masculine plural)
etulā (accusative feminine plural)
etulu (accusative neuter plural)
etuleʀō (genitive masculine plural)
etuleʀō (feminine genitive plural)
etuleʀō (genitive neuter plural)
etulēm (dative masculine plural)
etulum (dative masculine plural)
etulēm (dative feminine plural)
etulum (dative feminine plural)
etulēm (dative neuter plural)
etulum (dative neuter plural)
etulēm (instrumental masculine plural)
etulum (instrumental masculine plural)
etulēm (feminine instrumental plural)
etulum (feminine instrumental plural)
etulēm (instrumental neuter plural)
etulum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: etol

Old High German: *ezzal

⇒ Old High German: filuezzal

From Proto-Germanic *etulaz. Equivalent to *etan + *-ul.


skaþul

skaþul (masculine nominative singular)
skaþulu (feminine nominative singular)
skaþul (neuter nominative singular)
skaþulanā (accusative masculine singular)
skaþulā (accusative feminine singular)
skaþul (accusative neuter singular)
skaþulas (genitive masculine singular)
skaþuleʀā (feminine genitive singular)
skaþulas (genitive neuter singular)
skaþulumē (dative masculine singular)
skaþuleʀē (dative feminine singular)
skaþulumē (dative neuter singular)
skaþulu (instrumental masculine singular)
skaþuleʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
skaþulu (instrumental neuter singular)
skaþulē (masculine nominative plural)
skaþulō (feminine nominative plural)
skaþulu (neuter nominative plural)
skaþulā (accusative masculine plural)
skaþulā (accusative feminine plural)
skaþulu (accusative neuter plural)
skaþuleʀō (genitive masculine plural)
skaþuleʀō (feminine genitive plural)
skaþuleʀō (genitive neuter plural)
skaþulēm (dative masculine plural)
skaþulum (dative masculine plural)
skaþulēm (dative feminine plural)
skaþulum (dative feminine plural)
skaþulēm (dative neuter plural)
skaþulum (dative neuter plural)
skaþulēm (instrumental masculine plural)
skaþulum (instrumental masculine plural)
skaþulēm (feminine instrumental plural)
skaþulum (feminine instrumental plural)
skaþulēm (instrumental neuter plural)
skaþulum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: *sceaþol

Middle English: scathel

English: scathel, scaddle, skaddle; skedaddle

Old High German: scadel

From Proto-Germanic *skaþulaz. Equivalent to *skaþōn + *-ul.


wankōn

wankōn (infinitive)
wankōnijas (genitive infinitive)
wankōnijē (dative infinitive)
wankōniju (infinitive instrumental)
wankō (first-person present singular)
wankōdā (first-person past singular)
wankōs (present second-person singular)
wankōdēs (past second-person singular)
wankōdōs (past second-person singular)
wankōþ (present singular third-person)
wankōdē (past singular third-person)
wankōdā (past singular third-person)
wankōm (first-person plural present)
wankōdum (first-person past plural)
wankōþ (plural present second-person)
wankōdud (past plural second-person)
wankōnþ (plural present third-person)
wankōdun (past plural third-person)
wankōdī (first-person past singular)
wankōdī (past second-person singular)
wankō (present singular third-person)
wankōdī (past singular third-person)
wankōdīm (first-person past plural)
wankōdīd (past plural second-person)
wankōn (plural present third-person)
wankōdīn (past plural third-person)
wankō (present singular)
wankōþ (plural present)
wankōndī (participle present)
wankōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: *wankia, *wonkia

Saterland Frisian: wonkje

West Frisian: wankje

Old Saxon: wankōn

Middle Low German: wanken

German Low German: wanken

→ Danish: vanke

→ Norwegian Bokmål: vanke

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: vanka

→ Swedish: vanka

Old Dutch: *wankon

Middle Dutch: wanken

Dutch: wanken

Old High German: wankōn

Middle High German: wanken

German: wanken


wrōtan

wrōtan (infinitive)
wrōtannjas (genitive infinitive)
wrōtannjē (dative infinitive)
wrōtannju (infinitive instrumental)
wrōtu (first-person present singular)
wreōt (first-person past singular)
wrōtiʀi (present second-person singular)
wreōtī (past second-person singular)
wrōtidi (present singular third-person)
wreōt (past singular third-person)
wrōtum (first-person plural present)
wreōtum (first-person past plural)
wrōtid (plural present second-person)
wreōtud (past plural second-person)
wrōtand (plural present third-person)
wreōtun (past plural third-person)
wrōtē (first-person present singular)
wreōtī (first-person past singular)
wrōtēs (present second-person singular)
wrōtē (present singular third-person)
wreōtī (past singular third-person)
wrōtēm (first-person plural present)
wreōtīm (first-person past plural)
wrōtēþ (plural present second-person)
wreōtīd (past plural second-person)
wrōtēn (plural present third-person)
wreōtīn (past plural third-person)
wrōt (present singular)
wrōtid (plural present)
wrōtandī (participle present)
wrōtan (participle past)

desctree

Old English: wrōtan
Middle English: wroten, wrooten
English: root
Scots: wrutt, wort, rute, wirt, ruit

Old Saxon: *wrōtan

Middle Low German: wrôten

German Low German: wröten

Old Dutch: *wruotan

Middle Dutch: wroeten

Dutch: wroeten

Old High German: ruozzen


hūʀijuling

hūʀijuling (nominative singular)
hūʀijulingō (nominative plural)
hūʀijulingōs (nominative plural)
hūʀijuling (accusative singular)
hūʀijulingā (accusative plural)
hūʀijulingas (genitive singular)
hūʀijulingō (genitive plural)
hūʀijulingē (dative singular)
hūʀijulingum (dative plural)
hūʀijulingu (instrumental singular)
hūʀijulingum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hȳrling
Middle English: hirlyng
English: hireling

Old Frisian: *hērling

West Frisian: hierling

Old Saxon: *hūriling

Middle Low German: *hürling

German Low German: Hüürling

→ Danish: hyrling

→ German: Heuerling

Old Dutch: *hūriling

Middle Dutch: hûrlink

Dutch: huurling
Afrikaans: huurling
Negerhollands: hierlingen

Old High German: *hūriling

Middle High German: hûrlinc

From *hūʀiju (“payment, hire”) + *-ling.


harjabergu

harjabergu (nominative singular)
harjabergō (nominative plural)
harjabergā (accusative singular)
harjabergā (accusative plural)
harjabergā (genitive singular)
harjabergō (genitive plural)
harjabergē (dative singular)
harjabergōm (dative plural)
harjabergum (dative plural)
harjabergu (instrumental singular)
harjabergōm (instrumental plural)
harjabergum (instrumental plural)

Old English: herebeorg
Middle English: herberwe
English: harbor (see there for further descendants)
Scots: harbery, harbory, hairbour

Old Frisian: hereberge, hiriberge

Saterland Frisian: Härbierge

West Frisian: herberch

Old Saxon: heriberga

Middle Low German: herberge

Low German: Harbarge

→ Old Norse: herbergi
Icelandic: herbergi
Faroese: herbergi
Norwegian: herberge
Swedish: härbärge
Danish: herberge, herberg

→ Polabian: albargă

desc

Old Dutch: heribergo, hereberga, heribergi

Middle Dutch: herberghe

Dutch: herberg

Afrikaans: herberg

Old High German: heriberga

Middle High German: herberge

Alemannic German: Herbrig

German: Herberge

→ Medieval Latin: heribergo [8th c., Reichenau Glossary]

Old French: herberge, herberc, halberc [11th c., Alexis] (see there for further descendants)

→ Medieval Latin: alberga [1081] (see there for further descendants)


bainabergu

bainabergu (nominative singular)
bainabergō (nominative plural)
bainabergā (accusative singular)
bainabergā (accusative plural)
bainabergā (genitive singular)
bainabergō (genitive plural)
bainabergē (dative singular)
bainabergōm (dative plural)
bainabergum (dative plural)
bainabergu (instrumental singular)
bainabergōm (instrumental plural)
bainabergum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bānbeorg, bānberġe, bānġebeorg

Old Saxon: bēnberga

Old Dutch: bēnberga

Old High German: beinberga

Middle High German: beinberge

German: Beinberge

→ Medieval Latin: bainberga, beinberga, bemberga, bagnberga


skankō

skankō (nominative singular)
skankan (nominative plural)
skankan (accusative singular)
skankan (accusative plural)
skankini (genitive singular)
skankan (genitive singular)
skankanō (genitive plural)
skankini (dative singular)
skankan (dative singular)
skankum (dative plural)
skankini (instrumental singular)
skankan (instrumental singular)
skankum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: sċanca, sċeanca, sċeonca
Middle English: schanke, sconke, sceonke, schonke, shanke
English: shank
Scots: schank, schanck

Old Frisian:

West Frisian: skonk

Old Saxon: *skenka

Middle Low German: schenke

Dutch Low Saxon: schenke

Old Dutch: *skenko

Middle Dutch: schencke


skankil

skankil (nominative singular)
skankilō (nominative plural)
skankilōs (nominative plural)
skankil (accusative singular)
skankilā (accusative plural)
skankilas (genitive singular)
skankilō (genitive plural)
skankilē (dative singular)
skankilum (dative plural)
skankilu (instrumental singular)
skankilum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *skenkil

Middle Low German: schenkel

German Low German:

Westmünsterländisch: Schenkel

Old Dutch: *skenkil

Middle Dutch: scenkel, schenkel

Dutch: schenkel

Old High German: *skenkil

Middle High German: schenkel

German: Schenkel


kistu

kistu (nominative singular)
kistō (nominative plural)
kistā (accusative singular)
kistā (accusative plural)
kistā (genitive singular)
kistō (genitive plural)
kistē (dative singular)
kistōm (dative plural)
kistum (dative plural)
kistu (instrumental singular)
kistōm (instrumental plural)
kistum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ċist
Middle English: cheste, cæste, chist, chiste, chyst, cyst, kist, kiste, kyst, kyste
English: chest
Scots: kist
→ Middle Irish: ciste
Irish: ciste
→ Welsh: cist

Old Frisian: kiste

Saterland Frisian: Kiste

West Frisian: kiste

Old Saxon: kista

Middle Low German: kiste, keste

German Low German: Kiste, Kist

Old Dutch: *kista

Middle Dutch: kiste

Dutch: kist
Afrikaans: kis
Berbice Creole Dutch: kesi
Negerhollands: kist
→ Munsee: kusht
→ Sranan Tongo: kisi
→ Caribbean Hindustani: kisi
→ Saramaccan: kési

Old High German: kista

Middle High German: kiste

German: Kiste

Hunsrik: Kist

Luxembourgish: Këscht


bihagōn

bihagōn (infinitive)
bihagōnijas (genitive infinitive)
bihagōnijē (dative infinitive)
bihagōniju (infinitive instrumental)
bihagō (first-person present singular)
bihagōdā (first-person past singular)
bihagōs (present second-person singular)
bihagōdēs (past second-person singular)
bihagōdōs (past second-person singular)
bihagōþ (present singular third-person)
bihagōdē (past singular third-person)
bihagōdā (past singular third-person)
bihagōm (first-person plural present)
bihagōdum (first-person past plural)
bihagōþ (plural present second-person)
bihagōdud (past plural second-person)
bihagōnþ (plural present third-person)
bihagōdun (past plural third-person)
bihagōdī (first-person past singular)
bihagōdī (past second-person singular)
bihagō (present singular third-person)
bihagōdī (past singular third-person)
bihagōdīm (first-person past plural)
bihagōdīd (past plural second-person)
bihagōn (plural present third-person)
bihagōdīn (past plural third-person)
bihagō (present singular)
bihagōþ (plural present)
bihagōndī (participle present)
bihagōd (participle past)

Old English: *behagian

Middle English: bihaȝien, bihaȝen

Old Frisian: bihagia

Saterland Frisian: bihoagje

West Frisian: behaagje

Old Saxon: bihagōn

Middle Low German: behāgen

German Low German: behagen

→ Danish: behage

→ Norwegian: behage

→ Swedish: behaga

Old Dutch: *bihagon
Middle Dutch: behāgen
Dutch: behagen
Afrikaans: behaag
Negerhollands: behaeg, behaegen

Old High German: bihagon

Middle High German: behagen

German: behagen


sūmijan

sūmijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
sūmijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
sūmijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
sūmijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
sūmiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
sūmidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sūmisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
sūmidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sūmidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sūmiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
sūmidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sūmidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sūmijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
sūmidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sūmiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
sūmidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
sūmijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
sūmidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sūmijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
sūmidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sūmijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
sūmidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sūmijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
sūmidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sūmijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
sūmidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sūmijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
sūmidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
sūmijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
sūmidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sūmi (class-1 present singular weak)
sūmiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
sūmijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
sūmid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Frisian: *sūma

⇒ Old Frisian: ursūma

Old Saxon: *sūmian

Middle Low German: sûmen

German Low German:

Low Prussian: sîme, sîeme, sîëme

Westphalian:

Dortmunder: soẹ̆men, saọ̆m

Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: suimen

Sauerländisch: soimen

Old Dutch: *sūmen

Middle Dutch: sûmen

Dutch: zuimen, suymen (obsolete)

Old High German: sūmen

Middle High German: sûmen, soumen

German: säumen

Uncertain; perhaps from unattested *sūm, from Proto-Germanic *sūmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *suH-mó-s, from *sewH- (“to let go”) + *-mós, + *-jan. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐάω (eáō, “to let (go), allow, leave alone”).

cog

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache


sebunstirnī

sebunstirnī (nominative singular)
sebunstirnī (accusative singular)
sebunstirnijas (genitive singular)
sebunstirnijē (dative singular)
sebunstirniju (instrumental singular)

Old English: seofonstierre

Old Frisian: *sogenstēre, *savenstēre

q

Saterland Frisian: Soogengestiern (influenced by or possibly borrowed from German)

West Frisian: sânstjer

Old Saxon: *sivunstirni, *sivunstirri

desc

Middle Low German: sēvenstērne, sȫvenstērne; sēvensterre

Old Dutch: *sivonstirni, *sivonstirri

Middle Dutch: sēvensterre

Dutch: zevenster (now rare)

Old High German: sibunstirni, sibunstirri; sibunstern

Middle High German: sibenstërne

German: Siebenstern, Siebengestirn


fadrīn

fadrīn (masculine nominative singular)
fadrīnu (feminine nominative singular)
fadrīn (neuter nominative singular)
fadrīnanā (accusative masculine singular)
fadrīnā (accusative feminine singular)
fadrīn (accusative neuter singular)
fadrīnas (genitive masculine singular)
fadrīneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
fadrīnas (genitive neuter singular)
fadrīnumē (dative masculine singular)
fadrīneʀē (dative feminine singular)
fadrīnumē (dative neuter singular)
fadrīnu (instrumental masculine singular)
fadrīneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
fadrīnu (instrumental neuter singular)
fadrīnē (masculine nominative plural)
fadrīnō (feminine nominative plural)
fadrīnu (neuter nominative plural)
fadrīnā (accusative masculine plural)
fadrīnā (accusative feminine plural)
fadrīnu (accusative neuter plural)
fadrīneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
fadrīneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
fadrīneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
fadrīnēm (dative masculine plural)
fadrīnum (dative masculine plural)
fadrīnēm (dative feminine plural)
fadrīnum (dative feminine plural)
fadrīnēm (dative neuter plural)
fadrīnum (dative neuter plural)
fadrīnēm (instrumental masculine plural)
fadrīnum (instrumental masculine plural)
fadrīnēm (feminine instrumental plural)
fadrīnum (feminine instrumental plural)
fadrīnēm (instrumental neuter plural)
fadrīnum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: fæderen

Middle English: faderen, fadryn

From Proto-Germanic *fadrīnaz. Equivalent to *fader (“father”) + *-īn (adjective suffix).


aikīn

aikīn (masculine nominative singular)
aikīnu (feminine nominative singular)
aikīn (neuter nominative singular)
aikīnanā (accusative masculine singular)
aikīnā (accusative feminine singular)
aikīn (accusative neuter singular)
aikīnas (genitive masculine singular)
aikīneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
aikīnas (genitive neuter singular)
aikīnumē (dative masculine singular)
aikīneʀē (dative feminine singular)
aikīnumē (dative neuter singular)
aikīnu (instrumental masculine singular)
aikīneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
aikīnu (instrumental neuter singular)
aikīnē (masculine nominative plural)
aikīnō (feminine nominative plural)
aikīnu (neuter nominative plural)
aikīnā (accusative masculine plural)
aikīnā (accusative feminine plural)
aikīnu (accusative neuter plural)
aikīneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
aikīneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
aikīneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
aikīnēm (dative masculine plural)
aikīnum (dative masculine plural)
aikīnēm (dative feminine plural)
aikīnum (dative feminine plural)
aikīnēm (dative neuter plural)
aikīnum (dative neuter plural)
aikīnēm (instrumental masculine plural)
aikīnum (instrumental masculine plural)
aikīnēm (feminine instrumental plural)
aikīnum (feminine instrumental plural)
aikīnēm (instrumental neuter plural)
aikīnum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: ǣċen, ācen
Middle English: oken, okene, okyn, aken, eken
English: oaken
Scots: aiken

Old Frisian: ēzen, ētzen

Old High German: eihhīn

German: eichen

Luxembourgish: eechen

From Proto-Germanic *aikīnaz. Equivalent to *aik (“oak”) + *-īn (adjective suffix).


fillīn

fillīn (masculine nominative singular)
fillīnu (feminine nominative singular)
fillīn (neuter nominative singular)
fillīnanā (accusative masculine singular)
fillīnā (accusative feminine singular)
fillīn (accusative neuter singular)
fillīnas (genitive masculine singular)
fillīneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
fillīnas (genitive neuter singular)
fillīnumē (dative masculine singular)
fillīneʀē (dative feminine singular)
fillīnumē (dative neuter singular)
fillīnu (instrumental masculine singular)
fillīneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
fillīnu (instrumental neuter singular)
fillīnē (masculine nominative plural)
fillīnō (feminine nominative plural)
fillīnu (neuter nominative plural)
fillīnā (accusative masculine plural)
fillīnā (accusative feminine plural)
fillīnu (accusative neuter plural)
fillīneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
fillīneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
fillīneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
fillīnēm (dative masculine plural)
fillīnum (dative masculine plural)
fillīnēm (dative feminine plural)
fillīnum (dative feminine plural)
fillīnēm (dative neuter plural)
fillīnum (dative neuter plural)
fillīnēm (instrumental masculine plural)
fillīnum (instrumental masculine plural)
fillīnēm (feminine instrumental plural)
fillīnum (feminine instrumental plural)
fillīnēm (instrumental neuter plural)
fillīnum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: fellen

Old High German: fellīn

Middle High German: vellīn

German: fellen (archaic)

From Proto-Germanic *fillīnaz. Equivalent to *fell (“skin, hide”) + *-īn.


berku

berku (nominative singular)
berkō (nominative plural)
berkā (accusative singular)
berkā (accusative plural)
berkā (genitive singular)
berkō (genitive plural)
berkē (dative singular)
berkōm (dative plural)
berkum (dative plural)
berku (instrumental singular)
berkōm (instrumental plural)
berkum (instrumental plural)

Old English: beorc

Old Dutch: *berka

Middle Dutch: berke

Dutch: berk

Afrikaans: berk

Old High German: birka, biricha

Middle High German: birke, birche

German: Birke


gaitīn

gaitīn (masculine nominative singular)
gaitīnu (feminine nominative singular)
gaitīn (neuter nominative singular)
gaitīnanā (accusative masculine singular)
gaitīnā (accusative feminine singular)
gaitīn (accusative neuter singular)
gaitīnas (genitive masculine singular)
gaitīneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
gaitīnas (genitive neuter singular)
gaitīnumē (dative masculine singular)
gaitīneʀē (dative feminine singular)
gaitīnumē (dative neuter singular)
gaitīnu (instrumental masculine singular)
gaitīneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
gaitīnu (instrumental neuter singular)
gaitīnē (masculine nominative plural)
gaitīnō (feminine nominative plural)
gaitīnu (neuter nominative plural)
gaitīnā (accusative masculine plural)
gaitīnā (accusative feminine plural)
gaitīnu (accusative neuter plural)
gaitīneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
gaitīneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
gaitīneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
gaitīnēm (dative masculine plural)
gaitīnum (dative masculine plural)
gaitīnēm (dative feminine plural)
gaitīnum (dative feminine plural)
gaitīnēm (dative neuter plural)
gaitīnum (dative neuter plural)
gaitīnēm (instrumental masculine plural)
gaitīnum (instrumental masculine plural)
gaitīnēm (feminine instrumental plural)
gaitīnum (feminine instrumental plural)
gaitīnēm (instrumental neuter plural)
gaitīnum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: gǣten

Middle English: *geten, *gaiten, *goten

English: goaten (vowel restored by analogy)

Old High German: geizīn

Middle High German: geizīn

German: geißen

From Proto-Germanic *gaitīnaz. Equivalent to *gait (“goat”) + *-īn.


irþīn

irþīn (masculine nominative singular)
irþīnu (feminine nominative singular)
irþīn (neuter nominative singular)
irþīnanā (accusative masculine singular)
irþīnā (accusative feminine singular)
irþīn (accusative neuter singular)
irþīnas (genitive masculine singular)
irþīneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
irþīnas (genitive neuter singular)
irþīnumē (dative masculine singular)
irþīneʀē (dative feminine singular)
irþīnumē (dative neuter singular)
irþīnu (instrumental masculine singular)
irþīneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
irþīnu (instrumental neuter singular)
irþīnē (masculine nominative plural)
irþīnō (feminine nominative plural)
irþīnu (neuter nominative plural)
irþīnā (accusative masculine plural)
irþīnā (accusative feminine plural)
irþīnu (accusative neuter plural)
irþīneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
irþīneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
irþīneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
irþīnēm (dative masculine plural)
irþīnum (dative masculine plural)
irþīnēm (dative feminine plural)
irþīnum (dative feminine plural)
irþīnēm (dative neuter plural)
irþīnum (dative neuter plural)
irþīnēm (instrumental masculine plural)
irþīnum (instrumental masculine plural)
irþīnēm (feminine instrumental plural)
irþīnum (feminine instrumental plural)
irþīnēm (instrumental neuter plural)
irþīnum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: eorþen, *yrþen

Middle English: erthen, erthene, erthin, erthyn, erþen, erþene, urþen, eorðene (Early Middle English)
English: earthen
Scots: erthen

Old Frisian: *erthen, *irthen

West Frisian: ierden

Old Saxon: *irthīn

Middle Low German: erden, ērden

German Low German: eerden

Old Dutch: *irthīn

Middle Dutch: erdijn

Dutch: aarden (remodeled after aarde)

Old High German: irdīn, erdīn

Middle High German: irdīn, erdīn

German: irden, (obsolete) erden

From Proto-Germanic *irþīnaz. Equivalent to *erþu (“earth”) + *-īn.


birkīn

birkīn (masculine nominative singular)
birkīnu (feminine nominative singular)
birkīn (neuter nominative singular)
birkīnanā (accusative masculine singular)
birkīnā (accusative feminine singular)
birkīn (accusative neuter singular)
birkīnas (genitive masculine singular)
birkīneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
birkīnas (genitive neuter singular)
birkīnumē (dative masculine singular)
birkīneʀē (dative feminine singular)
birkīnumē (dative neuter singular)
birkīnu (instrumental masculine singular)
birkīneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
birkīnu (instrumental neuter singular)
birkīnē (masculine nominative plural)
birkīnō (feminine nominative plural)
birkīnu (neuter nominative plural)
birkīnā (accusative masculine plural)
birkīnā (accusative feminine plural)
birkīnu (accusative neuter plural)
birkīneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
birkīneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
birkīneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
birkīnēm (dative masculine plural)
birkīnum (dative masculine plural)
birkīnēm (dative feminine plural)
birkīnum (dative feminine plural)
birkīnēm (dative neuter plural)
birkīnum (dative neuter plural)
birkīnēm (instrumental masculine plural)
birkīnum (instrumental masculine plural)
birkīnēm (feminine instrumental plural)
birkīnum (feminine instrumental plural)
birkīnēm (instrumental neuter plural)
birkīnum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: bierċen, beorcen

Middle English: birken, birchen

Scots: birkin

English: birchen

Old Saxon: *birkīn

Low German: berken

Old Dutch: *birkin

Dutch: berken

Old High German: birkīn

German: birken

Luxembourgish: biirken


mūsfallā

mūsfallā (nominative singular)
mūsfallōn (nominative plural)
mūsfallōn (accusative singular)
mūsfallōn (accusative plural)
mūsfallōn (genitive singular)
mūsfallōnō (genitive plural)
mūsfallōn (dative singular)
mūsfallōm (dative plural)
mūsfallum (dative plural)
mūsfallōn (instrumental singular)
mūsfallōm (instrumental plural)
mūsfallum (instrumental plural)

Old English: mūsfealle

desc

Middle English: mousfalle, mowsfalle, mosefalle

English: mousefall

Scots: mousfall

Old Frisian: *mūsfalle

Saterland Frisian: Muusefalle

West Frisian: mûzefalle

Old Saxon: mūsfalla

Middle Low German: mûsevalle

German Low German: Muusfalle, Muusfall

→ Danish: musefælde

→ Swedish: musfälla

→ Norwegian: musefelle

Old Dutch: *mūsfalla

Middle Dutch: muyseval, muysval

Dutch: muizeval, muizenval

Old High German: mūsfalla

Middle High German: mūsfalle, mūsvalle

German: Mausfalle, Mausefalle, Mäusefalle

From *mūs + *fallā (see *fall (“a fall, trap”)).


swangijan

swangijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
swangijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
swangijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
swangijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
swangiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
swangidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
swangisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
swangidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swangidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swangiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
swangidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swangidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swangijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
swangidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
swangiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
swangidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
swangijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
swangidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
swangijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
swangidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
swangijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
swangidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
swangijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
swangidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
swangijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
swangidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
swangijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
swangidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
swangijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
swangidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
swangi (class-1 present singular weak)
swangiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
swangijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
swangid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: swenġan
Middle English: swengen, swengyn, suenge (Northern)
English: swinge
Scots: swinge, sweenge, swunge
Yola: swinged (preterite)

Old Frisian: swenga

Old Saxon: *swengian

Middle Low German: swengen

Old Dutch: *swengen

Middle Dutch: swengen

From Proto-Germanic *swankijaną, from *swinganą (“to swing”) + *janą. Suggested to be related to Gothic 𐌰𐍆𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (afswaggwjan, “to despair”).


handutam

handutam (masculine nominative singular)
handutamu (feminine nominative singular)
handutam (neuter nominative singular)
handutamanā (accusative masculine singular)
handutamā (accusative feminine singular)
handutam (accusative neuter singular)
handutamas (genitive masculine singular)
handutameʀā (feminine genitive singular)
handutamas (genitive neuter singular)
handutamumē (dative masculine singular)
handutameʀē (dative feminine singular)
handutamumē (dative neuter singular)
handutamu (instrumental masculine singular)
handutameʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
handutamu (instrumental neuter singular)
handutamē (masculine nominative plural)
handutamō (feminine nominative plural)
handutamu (neuter nominative plural)
handutamā (accusative masculine plural)
handutamā (accusative feminine plural)
handutamu (accusative neuter plural)
handutameʀō (genitive masculine plural)
handutameʀō (feminine genitive plural)
handutameʀō (genitive neuter plural)
handutamēm (dative masculine plural)
handutamum (dative masculine plural)
handutamēm (dative feminine plural)
handutamum (dative feminine plural)
handutamēm (dative neuter plural)
handutamum (dative neuter plural)
handutamēm (instrumental masculine plural)
handutamum (instrumental masculine plural)
handutamēm (feminine instrumental plural)
handutamum (feminine instrumental plural)
handutamēm (instrumental neuter plural)
handutamum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: handtam

Middle English: handtame

English: handtame

Old Saxon: *handtam

Middle Low German: *hanttam

German Low German: handtamm

Old Dutch: *hanttam

Middle Dutch: *hanttam

Dutch: handtam

Old High German: hantzam, hantzām

Middle High German: *hantzām

German: handzahm


þeutan

þeutan (infinitive)
þeutannjas (genitive infinitive)
þeutannjē (dative infinitive)
þeutannju (infinitive instrumental)
þeutu (first-person present singular)
þaut (first-person past singular)
þiutiʀi (present second-person singular)
þutī (past second-person singular)
þiutidi (present singular third-person)
þaut (past singular third-person)
þeutum (first-person plural present)
þutum (first-person past plural)
þiutid (plural present second-person)
þutud (past plural second-person)
þeutand (plural present third-person)
þutun (past plural third-person)
þeutē (first-person present singular)
þutī (first-person past singular)
þeutēs (present second-person singular)
þeutē (present singular third-person)
þutī (past singular third-person)
þeutēm (first-person plural present)
þutīm (first-person past plural)
þeutēþ (plural present second-person)
þutīd (past plural second-person)
þeutēn (plural present third-person)
þutīn (past plural third-person)
þiut (present singular)
þiutid (plural present)
þeutandī (participle present)
þotan (participle past)

Old English: þēotan, þūtan

Old High German: diozan

Middle High German: diezen


tammjan

tammjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
tammjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
tammjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
tammjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
tammju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tamidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tamisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tamidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tamidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tamiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tamidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tamidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tammjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tamidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tamiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tamidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tammjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tamidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tammjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tamidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tammjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tamidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tammjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tamidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tammjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tamidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tammjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tamidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tammjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tamidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tami (class-1 present singular weak)
tamiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
tammjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
tamid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: temian, *temman

Middle English: temien, temen; tamen

English: tame

Scots: team, tame

Old Frisian: temia, tema

Saterland Frisian: tieme

West Frisian: teme

Old Saxon: *temian, *temmian

Middle Low German: temen, temmen

German Low German: tähmen

Low German: temmen

Old Dutch: *temmen

Middle Dutch: temmen

Dutch: temmen

Afrikaans: tem

Old High German: zemen, zemmen

Middle High German: zemen

German: zähmen (with a long vowel by analogy with zahm)

Hunsrik: zaame

Luxembourgish: zeemen

From Proto-Germanic *tamjaną. Equivalent to *tam (“tame”) + *-jan.


habanu

habanu (nominative singular)
habanō (nominative plural)
habanā (accusative singular)
habanā (accusative plural)
habanā (genitive singular)
habanō (genitive plural)
habanē (dative singular)
habanōm (dative plural)
habanum (dative plural)
habanu (instrumental singular)
habanōm (instrumental plural)
habanum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hæfen, hæfene (possibly a loanword from Old Norse)

Middle English: haven, havene

Scots: havin, hevin, heavin

English: haven

Old Frisian: *hafen, *haven

Saterland Frisian: Hauenge, Hoawen (possibly loaned from Low German)

West Frisian: haven

Old Saxon: *havana; *havan m

Middle Low German: hāvene, hāven f or m

German Low German: Haven

→ Middle High German: habene f (also m?)

German: Hafen m (under direct Middle Low German influence)

Luxembourgish: Hafen

Yiddish: האַוון m (havn)

Old Dutch: *havana

Middle Dutch: hāvene

Dutch: haven

Afrikaans: hawe

→ Old French: havene, havre, hafne

Middle French: havre

French: havre

→ Spanish: abra

→ English: abra

→ Galician: abra


nabugaiʀ

nabugaiʀ (nominative singular)
nabugaiʀō (nominative plural)
nabugaiʀōs (nominative plural)
nabugaiʀ (accusative singular)
nabugaiʀā (accusative plural)
nabugaiʀas (genitive singular)
nabugaiʀō (genitive plural)
nabugaiʀē (dative singular)
nabugaiʀum (dative plural)
nabugaiʀu (instrumental singular)
nabugaiʀum (instrumental plural)

Old English: nafugār, nafogār, nafegār

Middle English: nauger, auger

English: auger

Old Frisian: navoger

Old Saxon: navugēr, nabugēr

desc

Middle Low German: neveger, eveger, never

Low German: naviger, näviger

Plautdietsch: Auger

Old Dutch: *navugēr

Middle Dutch: nāvegêer, nāveger, nāvegāer, āvegêer

Dutch: avegaar, eveger, egger

Old High German: nabagēr, nabigēr, nabugēr

Middle High German: nabeger, nebeger

German: Näber

Vilamovian: nȧgwer

→ Proto-Slavic: *nebozězъ, *nabozězъ

From Proto-Germanic *nabōgaizaz. Equivalent to *nabu (“nave”) + *gaiʀ (“spear”).


unsālī

unsālī (masculine nominative singular)
unsāliju (feminine nominative singular)
unsālī (neuter nominative singular)
unsālijanā (accusative masculine singular)
unsālijā (accusative feminine singular)
unsālī (accusative neuter singular)
unsālijas (genitive masculine singular)
unsālijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
unsālijas (genitive neuter singular)
unsālijumē (dative masculine singular)
unsālijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
unsālijumē (dative neuter singular)
unsāliju (instrumental masculine singular)
unsālijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
unsāliju (instrumental neuter singular)
unsālijē (masculine nominative plural)
unsālijō (feminine nominative plural)
unsāliju (neuter nominative plural)
unsālijā (accusative masculine plural)
unsālijā (accusative feminine plural)
unsāliju (accusative neuter plural)
unsālijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
unsālijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
unsālijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
unsālijēm (dative masculine plural)
unsālijum (dative masculine plural)
unsālijēm (dative feminine plural)
unsālijum (dative feminine plural)
unsālijēm (dative neuter plural)
unsālijum (dative neuter plural)
unsālijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
unsālijum (instrumental masculine plural)
unsālijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
unsālijum (feminine instrumental plural)
unsālijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
unsālijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: unsǣle

Middle English: unsele

English: unseel (obsolete)

Scots: unsele, unsel, unsell

From Proto-Germanic *unsēliz + *-ī (adjective suffix). Equivalent to *un- + *sālī.


sāliþu

sāliþu (nominative singular)
sāliþō (nominative plural)
sāliþā (accusative singular)
sāliþā (accusative plural)
sāliþā (genitive singular)
sāliþō (genitive plural)
sāliþē (dative singular)
sāliþōm (dative plural)
sāliþum (dative plural)
sāliþu (instrumental singular)
sāliþōm (instrumental plural)
sāliþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sǣlþ

Middle English: selthe

Old Saxon: sālitha, sāltha

Middle Low German: sâlde, sêlde

Old Dutch: sālida, sālda

Middle Dutch: saelde, salde, zalde

Dutch: zaalte

Old High German: sālida

Middle High German: sālide, sēlide, sælede, sālde, sælde, seilde

From Proto-Germanic *sēliþō. Equivalent to *sālī (“happy”) + *-iþu.


staum

staum (nominative singular)
staumō (nominative plural)
staumōs (nominative plural)
staum (accusative singular)
staumā (accusative plural)
staumas (genitive singular)
staumō (genitive plural)
staumē (dative singular)
staumum (dative plural)
staumu (instrumental singular)
staumum (instrumental plural)

Old English: stēam

Middle English: stēm, steem

Scots: stem, steam

English: steam

Old Frisian: *stām

Saterland Frisian: Stoom

West Frisian: steam

Old Saxon: *stōm

Middle Low German: stôm

German Low German: Stoom

Low German: stom

Old Dutch: *stōm

desctree

Middle Dutch: *stôom
Dutch: stoom
Afrikaans: stoom
→ Indonesian: setom, setum
→ Papiamentu: stoom (dated)
→ West Frisian: stoom
Limburgish: stoum


sīkan

sīkan (infinitive)
sīkannjas (genitive infinitive)
sīkannjē (dative infinitive)
sīkannju (infinitive instrumental)
sīku (first-person present singular)
saik (first-person past singular)
sīkiʀi (present second-person singular)
sikī (past second-person singular)
sīkidi (present singular third-person)
saik (past singular third-person)
sīkum (first-person plural present)
sikum (first-person past plural)
sīkid (plural present second-person)
sikud (past plural second-person)
sīkand (plural present third-person)
sikun (past plural third-person)
sīkē (first-person present singular)
sikī (first-person past singular)
sīkēs (present second-person singular)
sīkē (present singular third-person)
sikī (past singular third-person)
sīkēm (first-person plural present)
sikīm (first-person past plural)
sīkēþ (plural present second-person)
sikīd (past plural second-person)
sīkēn (plural present third-person)
sikīn (past plural third-person)
sīk (present singular)
sīkid (plural present)
sīkandī (participle present)
sikan (participle past)

Old English: sīcan, sȳcan
Middle English: siken, syken, sichen, sychen
English: sike (archaic, except northern England)
⇒ Middle English: sighen, syghen, siʒhen
English: sigh
⇒ Middle English: sythen, sithen, sethen
English: sithe (archaic, obsolete)

Old Dutch: *sīcan

Middle Dutch: *sîken

Dutch: zijken (dialectal)

⇒ Middle Dutch: versîken

West Frisian: sykje

Perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *seykʷ- (“to pour out”); compare semantics of *sūftōn (“to sigh, lament”), from Proto-Indo-European *sewp- (“to pour out”).


skrīkijan

skrīkijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
skrīkijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
skrīkijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
skrīkijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
skrīkiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skrīkidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skrīkisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skrīkidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skrīkidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skrīkiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skrīkidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skrīkidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skrīkijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skrīkidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skrīkiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skrīkidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skrīkijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skrīkidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skrīkijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skrīkidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skrīkijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skrīkidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skrīkijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skrīkidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skrīkijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skrīkidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skrīkijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skrīkidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skrīkijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skrīkidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skrīki (class-1 present singular weak)
skrīkiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
skrīkijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
skrīkid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *sċrīċan

Middle English: schrichen


skellan

skellan (infinitive)
skellannjas (genitive infinitive)
skellannjē (dative infinitive)
skellannju (infinitive instrumental)
skellu (first-person present singular)
skall (first-person past singular)
skilliʀi (present second-person singular)
skullī (past second-person singular)
skillidi (present singular third-person)
skall (past singular third-person)
skellum (first-person plural present)
skullum (first-person past plural)
skillid (plural present second-person)
skullud (past plural second-person)
skelland (plural present third-person)
skullun (past plural third-person)
skellē (first-person present singular)
skullī (first-person past singular)
skellēs (present second-person singular)
skellē (present singular third-person)
skullī (past singular third-person)
skellēm (first-person plural present)
skullīm (first-person past plural)
skellēþ (plural present second-person)
skullīd (past plural second-person)
skellēn (plural present third-person)
skullīn (past plural third-person)
skill (present singular)
skillid (plural present)
skellandī (participle present)
skollan (participle past)

Old English: scellan, scillan

Old Saxon: *skellan

Middle Low German: schellen

desctree

Old Dutch: skellan
Middle Dutch: schellen
Dutch: schellen

Old High German: skellan

Middle High German: schellen

German: schellen


hlāu

hlāu (masculine nominative singular)
hlāu (feminine nominative singular)
hlāu (neuter nominative singular)
hlāwanā (accusative masculine singular)
hlāwā (accusative feminine singular)
hlāu (accusative neuter singular)
hlāwas (genitive masculine singular)
hlāweʀā (feminine genitive singular)
hlāwas (genitive neuter singular)
hlāumē (dative masculine singular)
hlāweʀē (dative feminine singular)
hlāumē (dative neuter singular)
hlāu (instrumental masculine singular)
hlāweʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
hlāu (instrumental neuter singular)
hlāwē (masculine nominative plural)
hlāwō (feminine nominative plural)
hlāu (neuter nominative plural)
hlāwā (accusative masculine plural)
hlāwā (accusative feminine plural)
hlāu (accusative neuter plural)
hlāweʀō (genitive masculine plural)
hlāweʀō (feminine genitive plural)
hlāweʀō (genitive neuter plural)
hlāwēm (dative masculine plural)
hlāum (dative masculine plural)
hlāwēm (dative feminine plural)
hlāum (dative feminine plural)
hlāwēm (dative neuter plural)
hlāum (dative neuter plural)
hlāwēm (instrumental masculine plural)
hlāum (instrumental masculine plural)
hlāwēm (feminine instrumental plural)
hlāum (feminine instrumental plural)
hlāwēm (instrumental neuter plural)
hlāum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: hlēow

Middle English: lew, lewe

Scots: lew

English: lew

Old Frisian: *hliāw, *liāw

Saterland Frisian: ljou

West Frisian: lij

Old Saxon: *hlāo

Middle Low German: lau, lauw

German Low German: lau

Old Dutch: *lāo

Middle Dutch: lâeu, lau

Dutch: lauw

Afrikaans: lou

Old High German: lāo, *hlāo
Middle High German: lā (lāw-)
Alemannic German: leew
German: lau

→ Old French: [Term?], flou

Middle French: flou

French: flou

→ Middle Dutch: vlau

Dutch: flauw

→ German: flau

→ Danish: flov


skrikkōn

skrikkōn (infinitive)
skrikkōnijas (genitive infinitive)
skrikkōnijē (dative infinitive)
skrikkōniju (infinitive instrumental)
skrikkō (first-person present singular)
skrikkōdā (first-person past singular)
skrikkōs (present second-person singular)
skrikkōdēs (past second-person singular)
skrikkōdōs (past second-person singular)
skrikkōþ (present singular third-person)
skrikkōdē (past singular third-person)
skrikkōdā (past singular third-person)
skrikkōm (first-person plural present)
skrikkōdum (first-person past plural)
skrikkōþ (plural present second-person)
skrikkōdud (past plural second-person)
skrikkōnþ (plural present third-person)
skrikkōdun (past plural third-person)
skrikkōdī (first-person past singular)
skrikkōdī (past second-person singular)
skrikkō (present singular third-person)
skrikkōdī (past singular third-person)
skrikkōdīm (first-person past plural)
skrikkōdīd (past plural second-person)
skrikkōn (plural present third-person)
skrikkōdīn (past plural third-person)
skrikkō (present singular)
skrikkōþ (plural present)
skrikkōndī (participle present)
skrikkōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: *skrikkia

West Frisian: skrikke

Old Saxon: *skrekkōn, *skrekkian

desc

Middle Low German: schrecken, schracken, schricken, scrikken

German Low German: scherken, schörken, schirken, schirksen

→ Swedish: skräcka

Old Dutch: *scrickōn

Middle Dutch: schrikken

desctree

Dutch: schrikken
Afrikaans: skrik
Berbice Creole Dutch: skreki, skriki
Negerhollands: skrek, skrik
→ Aukan: sikeleki
→ Sranan Tongo: skreki

Old High German: skrekkōn, screckōn

Middle High German: schrecken

German: schrecken

Unknown; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to jump, leap”), perhaps cognate with Ancient Greek σκαίρω (skaírō, “jump, hop, dance”), Welsh cerdded (“to walk”).

cog

→ Danish: forskrække

Middle Low German: vörschrecken, vorschrecken, vorschricken

verschrecken

Old High German: *firskrekkōn; Middle High German


godawabi

godawabi (nominative singular)
godawabbju (nominative plural)
godawabi (accusative singular)
godawabbju (accusative plural)
godawabbjas (genitive singular)
godawabbjō (genitive plural)
godawabbjē (dative singular)
godawabbjum (dative plural)
godawabbju (instrumental singular)
godawabbjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: godwebb, godeweb, godweb

Old Frisian: godwebb

Old Saxon: godowebbi, godoweb

Old High German: gotawebbi, cotiweppi

From Proto-Germanic *gudawabją. Equivalent to *god + *wabi.


taikur

taikur (nominative singular)
taikurō (nominative plural)
taikurōs (nominative plural)
taikur (accusative singular)
taikurā (accusative plural)
taikuras (genitive singular)
taikurō (genitive plural)
taikurē (dative singular)
taikurum (dative plural)
taikuru (instrumental singular)
taikurum (instrumental plural)

Old English: tācor

Old Frisian: tāker

Old High German: zeihhur

Middle High German: zeicher


blīþijan

blīþijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
blīþijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
blīþijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
blīþijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
blīþiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
blīþidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
blīþisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
blīþidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blīþidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blīþiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
blīþidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blīþidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blīþijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
blīþidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
blīþiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
blīþidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
blīþijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
blīþidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
blīþijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
blīþidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
blīþijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
blīþidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blīþijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
blīþidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blīþijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
blīþidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
blīþijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
blīþidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
blīþijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
blīþidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
blīþi (class-1 present singular weak)
blīþiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
blīþijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
blīþid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Frisian: *blīda

⇒ Old Frisian: forblīda

West Frisian: ferblide, ferblije

Old Dutch: blīthen

Middle Dutch: bliden

Dutch: blijden (obsolete)

⇒ Middle Dutch: verbliden

Dutch: verblijden

Old High German: blīden

Middle High German: blīden

From Proto-Germanic *blīþijaną. Equivalent to *blīþī (“happy”) + *-jan.


plakkju

plakkju (nominative singular)
plakkjō (nominative plural)
plakkjā (accusative singular)
plakkjā (accusative plural)
plakkjā (genitive singular)
plakkjō (genitive plural)
plakkjē (dative singular)
plakkjōm (dative plural)
plakkjum (dative plural)
plakkju (instrumental singular)
plakkjōm (instrumental plural)
plakkjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *plæċċ

Middle English: *placche, plecche

⇒? Middle English: pacche

English: patch

gl

>? Middle English: placche (attested in plural as placchis (“splinters, fragments, pieces”))

Old Frisian: *plekk

Saterland Frisian: Pläk

West Frisian: plak, plek (also possibly a borrowing from Dutch)

Old Saxon: *plekkia

Middle Low German: plecke

Old Dutch: *plekka

Middle Dutch: plecke, pleecke, pleke

Dutch: plek

→ Middle English: plecke

English: pleck

Unknown; possibly borrowed from a substrate language.


klaimijan

klaimijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
klaimijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
klaimijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
klaimijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
klaimiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
klaimidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
klaimisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
klaimidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
klaimidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
klaimiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
klaimidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
klaimidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
klaimijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
klaimidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
klaimiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
klaimidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
klaimijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
klaimidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
klaimijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
klaimidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
klaimijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
klaimidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
klaimijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
klaimidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
klaimijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
klaimidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
klaimijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
klaimidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
klaimijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
klaimidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
klaimi (class-1 present singular weak)
klaimiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
klaimijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
klaimid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: clǣman
Middle English: clemen
English: cleam

Old Dutch: *clēmen

Middle Dutch: clêmen

Old High German: *kleimen

desc

⇒ Old High German: bikleimen (“to stain”)

From Proto-Germanic *klaimijaną. Equivalent to *klaim (“clay, mortar”) + *-jan.


flaihan

flaihan (infinitive)
flaihannjas (genitive infinitive)
flaihannjē (dative infinitive)
flaihannju (infinitive instrumental)
flaihu (first-person present singular)
flēh (first-person past singular)
flaihiʀi (present second-person singular)
flēgī (past second-person singular)
flaihidi (present singular third-person)
flēh (past singular third-person)
flaihum (first-person plural present)
flēgum (first-person past plural)
flaihid (plural present second-person)
flēgud (past plural second-person)
flaihand (plural present third-person)
flēgun (past plural third-person)
flaihē (first-person present singular)
flēgī (first-person past singular)
flaihēs (present second-person singular)
flaihē (present singular third-person)
flēgī (past singular third-person)
flaihēm (first-person plural present)
flēgīm (first-person past plural)
flaihēþ (plural present second-person)
flēgīd (past plural second-person)
flaihēn (plural present third-person)
flēgīn (past plural third-person)
flaih (present singular)
flaihid (plural present)
flaihandī (participle present)
flaigan (participle past)

Old Saxon: *flēhan

Middle Low German: vlên

Old Dutch: *flēn

Middle Dutch: vlêen

Old High German: flēhan

Middle High German: flēhen

German: flehen


glintan

glintan (infinitive)
glintannjas (genitive infinitive)
glintannjē (dative infinitive)
glintannju (infinitive instrumental)
glintu (first-person present singular)
glant (first-person past singular)
glintiʀi (present second-person singular)
gluntī (past second-person singular)
glintidi (present singular third-person)
glant (past singular third-person)
glintum (first-person plural present)
gluntum (first-person past plural)
glintid (plural present second-person)
gluntud (past plural second-person)
glintand (plural present third-person)
gluntun (past plural third-person)
glintē (first-person present singular)
gluntī (first-person past singular)
glintēs (present second-person singular)
glintē (present singular third-person)
gluntī (past singular third-person)
glintēm (first-person plural present)
gluntīm (first-person past plural)
glintēþ (plural present second-person)
gluntīd (past plural second-person)
glintēn (plural present third-person)
gluntīn (past plural third-person)
glint (present singular)
glintid (plural present)
glintandī (participle present)
gluntan (participle past)

Old High German: *glinzan

Middle High German: glinzen


slūkan

slūkan (infinitive)
slūkannjas (genitive infinitive)
slūkannjē (dative infinitive)
slūkannju (infinitive instrumental)
slūku (first-person present singular)
slauk (first-person past singular)
slūkiʀi (present second-person singular)
slukī (past second-person singular)
slūkidi (present singular third-person)
slauk (past singular third-person)
slūkum (first-person plural present)
slukum (first-person past plural)
slūkid (plural present second-person)
slukud (past plural second-person)
slūkand (plural present third-person)
slukun (past plural third-person)
slūkē (first-person present singular)
slukī (first-person past singular)
slūkēs (present second-person singular)
slūkē (present singular third-person)
slukī (past singular third-person)
slūkēm (first-person plural present)
slukīm (first-person past plural)
slūkēþ (plural present second-person)
slukīd (past plural second-person)
slūkēn (plural present third-person)
slukīn (past plural third-person)
slūk (present singular)
slūkid (plural present)
slūkandī (participle present)
slokan (participle past)

Old Saxon: slūkan

Middle Low German: sluken

→ Norwegian:

→ Norwegian Bokmål: sluke

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: sluka, sluke

→ Swedish: sluka

Old Dutch: slūkan

Middle Dutch: sluken

Old Dutch: *slūhan

Middle Dutch: slūchen

German: schlauchen


klenan

klenan (infinitive)
klenannjas (genitive infinitive)
klenannjē (dative infinitive)
klenannju (infinitive instrumental)
klenu (first-person present singular)
klan (first-person past singular)
kliniʀi (present second-person singular)
klānī (past second-person singular)
klinidi (present singular third-person)
klan (past singular third-person)
klenum (first-person plural present)
klānum (first-person past plural)
klinid (plural present second-person)
klānud (past plural second-person)
klenand (plural present third-person)
klānun (past plural third-person)
klenē (first-person present singular)
klānī (first-person past singular)
klenēs (present second-person singular)
klenē (present singular third-person)
klānī (past singular third-person)
klenēm (first-person plural present)
klānīm (first-person past plural)
klenēþ (plural present second-person)
klānīd (past plural second-person)
klenēn (plural present third-person)
klānīn (past plural third-person)
klin (present singular)
klinid (plural present)
klenandī (participle present)
klenan (participle past)

Old Saxon: *klenan

⇒ Old Saxon: biklenan (“to spread, stain”)

Old High German: klenan

Middle High German: klenen

From Proto-Germanic *klinaną (“to glue, stick, spread, smear”), with the verb re-analysed as a Class 5 strong verb. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gleh₁y- (“to glue, stick”).