þikkul

þikkul (masculine nominative singular)
þikkulu (feminine nominative singular)
þikkul (neuter nominative singular)
þikkulanā (accusative masculine singular)
þikkulā (accusative feminine singular)
þikkul (accusative neuter singular)
þikkulas (genitive masculine singular)
þikkuleʀā (feminine genitive singular)
þikkulas (genitive neuter singular)
þikkulumē (dative masculine singular)
þikkuleʀē (dative feminine singular)
þikkulumē (dative neuter singular)
þikkulu (instrumental masculine singular)
þikkuleʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
þikkulu (instrumental neuter singular)
þikkulē (masculine nominative plural)
þikkulō (feminine nominative plural)
þikkulu (neuter nominative plural)
þikkulā (accusative masculine plural)
þikkulā (accusative feminine plural)
þikkulu (accusative neuter plural)
þikkuleʀō (genitive masculine plural)
þikkuleʀō (feminine genitive plural)
þikkuleʀō (genitive neuter plural)
þikkulēm (dative masculine plural)
þikkulum (dative masculine plural)
þikkulēm (dative feminine plural)
þikkulum (dative feminine plural)
þikkulēm (dative neuter plural)
þikkulum (dative neuter plural)
þikkulēm (instrumental masculine plural)
þikkulum (instrumental masculine plural)
þikkulēm (feminine instrumental plural)
þikkulum (feminine instrumental plural)
þikkulēm (instrumental neuter plural)
þikkulum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: þiccol
Middle English: þiccol, thikkol

Old Saxon: *thikkul

⇒ Middle Low German: dickelhaftich

Old High German: *dikkul

⇒ Middle High German: dickeleht

tending to make thick; prone to thickening or thickness


faigiþu

faigiþu (nominative singular)
faigiþō (nominative plural)
faigiþā (accusative singular)
faigiþā (accusative plural)
faigiþā (genitive singular)
faigiþō (genitive plural)
faigiþē (dative singular)
faigiþōm (dative plural)
faigiþum (dative plural)
faigiþu (instrumental singular)
faigiþōm (instrumental plural)
faigiþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: fǣġþ

From Proto-Germanic *faigiþō. Equivalent to *faigī (“fey”) + *-iþu (abstract noun suffix).


fagriþu

fagriþu (nominative singular)
fagriþō (nominative plural)
fagriþā (accusative singular)
fagriþā (accusative plural)
fagriþā (genitive singular)
fagriþō (genitive plural)
fagriþē (dative singular)
fagriþōm (dative plural)
fagriþum (dative plural)
fagriþu (instrumental singular)
fagriþōm (instrumental plural)
fagriþum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *fagiritha

⇒ Old Saxon: gifagiritha (“jewellery”)

From Proto-Germanic *fagriþō. Equivalent to *fagr (“beautiful”) + *-iþu (abstract noun suffix).


hōbiþu

hōbiþu (nominative singular)
hōbiþō (nominative plural)
hōbiþā (accusative singular)
hōbiþā (accusative plural)
hōbiþā (genitive singular)
hōbiþō (genitive plural)
hōbiþē (dative singular)
hōbiþōm (dative plural)
hōbiþum (dative plural)
hōbiþu (instrumental singular)
hōbiþōm (instrumental plural)
hōbiþum (instrumental plural)

Old High German: *hōfte

⇒ Old High German: hehōfte

From Proto-Germanic *hōbiþō. Equivalent to *hōbī (“proper”) + *-iþu (abstract noun suffix).


haunī

haunī (masculine nominative singular)
hauniju (feminine nominative singular)
haunī (neuter nominative singular)
haunijanā (accusative masculine singular)
haunijā (accusative feminine singular)
haunī (accusative neuter singular)
haunijas (genitive masculine singular)
haunijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
haunijas (genitive neuter singular)
haunijumē (dative masculine singular)
haunijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
haunijumē (dative neuter singular)
hauniju (instrumental masculine singular)
haunijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
hauniju (instrumental neuter singular)
haunijē (masculine nominative plural)
haunijō (feminine nominative plural)
hauniju (neuter nominative plural)
haunijā (accusative masculine plural)
haunijā (accusative feminine plural)
hauniju (accusative neuter plural)
haunijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
haunijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
haunijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
haunijēm (dative masculine plural)
haunijum (dative masculine plural)
haunijēm (dative feminine plural)
haunijum (dative feminine plural)
haunijēm (dative neuter plural)
haunijum (dative neuter plural)
haunijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
haunijum (instrumental masculine plural)
haunijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
haunijum (feminine instrumental plural)
haunijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
haunijum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: hēan
Middle English: hene
English: hean

Old Dutch: *hōni
Middle Dutch: hône
Dutch: hoon
Afrikaans: hoon

Old High German: hōni

Middle High German: höne

German: höhn

From Proto-Germanic *hauniz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


hōbī

hōbī (masculine nominative singular)
hōbiju (feminine nominative singular)
hōbī (neuter nominative singular)
hōbijanā (accusative masculine singular)
hōbijā (accusative feminine singular)
hōbī (accusative neuter singular)
hōbijas (genitive masculine singular)
hōbijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
hōbijas (genitive neuter singular)
hōbijumē (dative masculine singular)
hōbijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
hōbijumē (dative neuter singular)
hōbiju (instrumental masculine singular)
hōbijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
hōbiju (instrumental neuter singular)
hōbijē (masculine nominative plural)
hōbijō (feminine nominative plural)
hōbiju (neuter nominative plural)
hōbijā (accusative masculine plural)
hōbijā (accusative feminine plural)
hōbiju (accusative neuter plural)
hōbijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
hōbijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
hōbijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
hōbijēm (dative masculine plural)
hōbijum (dative masculine plural)
hōbijēm (dative feminine plural)
hōbijum (dative feminine plural)
hōbijēm (dative neuter plural)
hōbijum (dative neuter plural)
hōbijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
hōbijum (instrumental masculine plural)
hōbijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
hōbijum (feminine instrumental plural)
hōbijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
hōbijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: *hēfe

⇒ Old English: behēfe (“necessary”)

desc

Middle English: biheve, behefe, behef, behieve

From Proto-Germanic *hōbiz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


paidi

paidi (nominative singular)
paidī (nominative plural)
paidi (accusative singular)
paidī (accusative plural)
paidī (genitive singular)
paidijō (genitive plural)
paidī (dative singular)
paidim (dative plural)
paidijum (dative plural)
paidī (instrumental singular)
paidim (instrumental plural)
paidijum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old High German: pfeit
Middle High German: pfeit
German: Pfeid, Pfeit
Bavarian: Pfaid, Pfoat
Cimbrian: foat, fòat
⇒ Middle High German: badepfeit
⇒ Middle High German: brustpfeit
⇒ Middle High German: lîppfeit
⇒ Middle High German: krisempfeit
⇒ Middle High German: pfeittuoch


wapulōn

wapulōn (infinitive)
wapulōnijas (genitive infinitive)
wapulōnijē (dative infinitive)
wapulōniju (infinitive instrumental)
wapulō (first-person present singular)
wapulōdā (first-person past singular)
wapulōs (present second-person singular)
wapulōdēs (past second-person singular)
wapulōdōs (past second-person singular)
wapulōþ (present singular third-person)
wapulōdē (past singular third-person)
wapulōdā (past singular third-person)
wapulōm (first-person plural present)
wapulōdum (first-person past plural)
wapulōþ (plural present second-person)
wapulōdud (past plural second-person)
wapulōnþ (plural present third-person)
wapulōdun (past plural third-person)
wapulōdī (first-person past singular)
wapulōdī (past second-person singular)
wapulō (present singular third-person)
wapulōdī (past singular third-person)
wapulōdīm (first-person past plural)
wapulōdīd (past plural second-person)
wapulōn (plural present third-person)
wapulōdīn (past plural third-person)
wapulō (present singular)
wapulōþ (plural present)
wapulōndī (participle present)
wapulōd (participle past)

Old English: wapolian

Old Frisian: *wapulia

West Frisian: wappelje

Old Dutch: *wapolon

Middle Dutch: *wapelen

Dutch: wapelen (dialectal)

From *wapul (“foam, stagnant water”) + *-ōn.


paidiþi

paidiþi (nominative singular)
paidiþī (nominative plural)
paidiþi (accusative singular)
paidiþī (accusative plural)
paidiþī (genitive singular)
paidiþþjō (genitive plural)
paidiþī (dative singular)
paidiþim (dative plural)
paidiþþjum (dative plural)
paidiþī (instrumental singular)
paidiþim (instrumental plural)
paidiþþjum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: pêtithi

Old High German: pfeitidi


mildēn

mildēn (infinitive)
mildēnijas (genitive infinitive)
mildēnijē (dative infinitive)
mildēniju (infinitive instrumental)
mildē (first-person present singular)
mild?dā (first-person past singular)
mildēs (present second-person singular)
mild?dēs (past second-person singular)
mildēþ (present singular third-person)
mild?dē (past singular third-person)
mild?dā (past singular third-person)
mildēm (first-person plural present)
mild?dum (first-person past plural)
mildēþ (plural present second-person)
mild?dud (past plural second-person)
mildēnþ (plural present third-person)
mild?dun (past plural third-person)
mild?dī (first-person past singular)
mild?dī (past second-person singular)
mildē (present singular third-person)
mild?dī (past singular third-person)
mild?dīm (first-person past plural)
mild?dīd (past plural second-person)
mildēn (plural present third-person)
mild?dīn (past plural third-person)
mildē (present singular)
mildēþ (plural present)
mildēndī (participle present)
mild?d (participle past)

Old English: mildian

Middle English: milden

Old High German: *miltēn

Middle High German: milten

⇒ Old High German: irmiltēn


þikkwīnassī

þikkwīnassī (nominative singular)
þikkwīnassīn (accusative singular)
þikkwīnassīn (genitive singular)
þikkwīnassīn (dative singular)
þikkwīnassīn (instrumental singular)
þikkwīnassī (nominative singular)
þikkwīnassiju (nominative plural)
þikkwīnassī (accusative singular)
þikkwīnassiju (accusative plural)
þikkwīnassijas (genitive singular)
þikkwīnassijō (genitive plural)
þikkwīnassijē (dative singular)
þikkwīnassijum (dative plural)
þikkwīnassiju (instrumental singular)
þikkwīnassijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þicnes f
Middle English: thiknesse
English: thickness
Scots: thiknes, thikeness, thicknes

Old Frisian: *thiknisse, *thiuknisse

West Frisian: tsjokkens f or m

desc

Old High German: dikkinessī, dickinessī, diknissi f; dikkinissi, dickinissi n


murgijan

murgijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
murgijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
murgijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
murgijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
murgiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
murgidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
murgisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
murgidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
murgidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
murgiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
murgidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
murgidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
murgijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
murgidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
murgiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
murgidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
murgijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
murgidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
murgijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
murgidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
murgijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
murgidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
murgijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
murgidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
murgijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
murgidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
murgijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
murgidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
murgijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
murgidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
murgi (class-1 present singular weak)
murgiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
murgijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
murgid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: myrġan, mirġan

Middle English: murgen, mirien

⇒ Old English: āmyrġan

Old Dutch: *murgen

Middle Dutch: morgen, mergen

From *murgī (“slow, leisurely”) + *-jan.


murgīþu

murgīþu (nominative singular)
murgīþō (nominative plural)
murgīþā (accusative singular)
murgīþā (accusative plural)
murgīþā (genitive singular)
murgīþō (genitive plural)
murgīþē (dative singular)
murgīþōm (dative plural)
murgīþum (dative plural)
murgīþu (instrumental singular)
murgīþōm (instrumental plural)
murgīþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: myrgþ, myrhþ, mergþ

Middle English: murhðe, murȝeþe, mireȝþe, myrght, merþe, mirthe

English: mirth

Scots: myrth, mirth

Old Dutch: *murgitha

Middle Dutch: merechte, merchte


dragēn

dragēn (infinitive)
dragēnijas (genitive infinitive)
dragēnijē (dative infinitive)
dragēniju (infinitive instrumental)
dragē (first-person present singular)
drag?dā (first-person past singular)
dragēs (present second-person singular)
drag?dēs (past second-person singular)
dragēþ (present singular third-person)
drag?dē (past singular third-person)
drag?dā (past singular third-person)
dragēm (first-person plural present)
drag?dum (first-person past plural)
dragēþ (plural present second-person)
drag?dud (past plural second-person)
dragēnþ (plural present third-person)
drag?dun (past plural third-person)
drag?dī (first-person past singular)
drag?dī (past second-person singular)
dragē (present singular third-person)
drag?dī (past singular third-person)
drag?dīm (first-person past plural)
drag?dīd (past plural second-person)
dragēn (plural present third-person)
drag?dīn (past plural third-person)
dragē (present singular)
dragēþ (plural present)
dragēndī (participle present)
drag?d (participle past)

desctree

Old Dutch: dragon
Middle Dutch: drāgen
Dutch: dragen
Limburgish: drage
Zealandic: draege

Old High German: tragēn (but tragōn in gitragōn)

Middle High German: tragen

German: tragen

Closely related to the strong verb *dragan.


ferrēn

ferrēn (infinitive)
ferrēnijas (genitive infinitive)
ferrēnijē (dative infinitive)
ferrēniju (infinitive instrumental)
ferrē (first-person present singular)
ferr?dā (first-person past singular)
ferrēs (present second-person singular)
ferr?dēs (past second-person singular)
ferrēþ (present singular third-person)
ferr?dē (past singular third-person)
ferr?dā (past singular third-person)
ferrēm (first-person plural present)
ferr?dum (first-person past plural)
ferrēþ (plural present second-person)
ferr?dud (past plural second-person)
ferrēnþ (plural present third-person)
ferr?dun (past plural third-person)
ferr?dī (first-person past singular)
ferr?dī (past second-person singular)
ferrē (present singular third-person)
ferr?dī (past singular third-person)
ferr?dīm (first-person past plural)
ferr?dīd (past plural second-person)
ferrēn (plural present third-person)
ferr?dīn (past plural third-person)
ferrē (present singular)
ferrēþ (plural present)
ferrēndī (participle present)
ferr?d (participle past)

Old English: feorrian

Middle English: verrien, ferren

English: far

Old Frisian: firia

Old Dutch: firron, ferron

Middle Dutch: verren, ferren, varren

Dutch: verren, varren (obsolete)

Old High German: ferrēn

Middle High German: virren, verren


firrijan

firrijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
firrijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
firrijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
firrijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
firriju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
firridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
firrisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
firridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
firridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
firriþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
firridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
firridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
firrijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
firridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
firriþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
firridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
firrijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
firridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
firrijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
firridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
firrijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
firridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
firrijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
firridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
firrijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
firridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
firrijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
firridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
firrijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
firridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
firri (class-1 present singular weak)
firriþ (class-1 plural present weak)
firrijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
firrid (class-1 participle past weak)

desc

Old English: fierran, feorran, firran, fyrran

Middle English: ferren

English: far

Old Saxon: firrian

Middle Low German: vēren, verren

Old Dutch: *firren

Middle Dutch: verren, ferren, varren

Dutch: verren, varren (obsolete)

Old High German: firren

Middle High German: virren

From Proto-Germanic *firrijaną. Equivalent to *ferrē (“far”) + *-jan.


wlispēn

wlispēn (infinitive)
wlispēnijas (genitive infinitive)
wlispēnijē (dative infinitive)
wlispēniju (infinitive instrumental)
wlispē (first-person present singular)
wlisp?dā (first-person past singular)
wlispēs (present second-person singular)
wlisp?dēs (past second-person singular)
wlispēþ (present singular third-person)
wlisp?dē (past singular third-person)
wlisp?dā (past singular third-person)
wlispēm (first-person plural present)
wlisp?dum (first-person past plural)
wlispēþ (plural present second-person)
wlisp?dud (past plural second-person)
wlispēnþ (plural present third-person)
wlisp?dun (past plural third-person)
wlisp?dī (first-person past singular)
wlisp?dī (past second-person singular)
wlispē (present singular third-person)
wlisp?dī (past singular third-person)
wlisp?dīm (first-person past plural)
wlisp?dīd (past plural second-person)
wlispēn (plural present third-person)
wlisp?dīn (past plural third-person)
wlispē (present singular)
wlispēþ (plural present)
wlispēndī (participle present)
wlisp?d (participle past)

Old English: wlispian

desctree

Middle English: wlispen, lipse, lypse, lyspyn, whlispen, wlepsen, wlispin
English: lisp
Scots: lisp (obsolete wlisp)

Old Dutch: *lispon
Middle Dutch: lispen
Dutch: lispen

Old High German: lispēn

Middle High German: lispen

From *wlisp (“lisp, stammering”) + *-ēn.


skattōn

skattōn (infinitive)
skattōnijas (genitive infinitive)
skattōnijē (dative infinitive)
skattōniju (infinitive instrumental)
skattō (first-person present singular)
skattōdā (first-person past singular)
skattōs (present second-person singular)
skattōdēs (past second-person singular)
skattōdōs (past second-person singular)
skattōþ (present singular third-person)
skattōdē (past singular third-person)
skattōdā (past singular third-person)
skattōm (first-person plural present)
skattōdum (first-person past plural)
skattōþ (plural present second-person)
skattōdud (past plural second-person)
skattōnþ (plural present third-person)
skattōdun (past plural third-person)
skattōdī (first-person past singular)
skattōdī (past second-person singular)
skattō (present singular third-person)
skattōdī (past singular third-person)
skattōdīm (first-person past plural)
skattōdīd (past plural second-person)
skattōn (plural present third-person)
skattōdīn (past plural third-person)
skattō (present singular)
skattōþ (plural present)
skattōndī (participle present)
skattōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: *skattia (attested in brandskattia); *sketta

q

West Frisian: skatte (with an unetymological class 1 inflection)

gl

Saterland Frisian: skatsje (possibly a new formation derived from Skats); skätte

⇒ Old Frisian: skattinge, skettinge

Old Saxon: *skattōn; *skattian

Middle Low German: schatten; *schetten (in brandschetten, twēschetten, etc.)

German Low German: schatten

Old Dutch: *skatton; *skatten

Middle Dutch: scatten, schatten; scetten

Dutch: schatten

Old High German: skazzōn; skazzēn

Middle High German: schatzen; schetzen

German: (archaic) schatzen; schätzen

→ Middle Low German: schetzen

From Proto-Germanic *skattōną. Equivalent to *skatt (“treasure, wealth”) + *-ōn.


bispoþþōn

bispoþþōn (infinitive)
bispoþþōnijas (genitive infinitive)
bispoþþōnijē (dative infinitive)
bispoþþōniju (infinitive instrumental)
bispoþþō (first-person present singular)
bispoþþōdā (first-person past singular)
bispoþþōs (present second-person singular)
bispoþþōdēs (past second-person singular)
bispoþþōdōs (past second-person singular)
bispoþþōþ (present singular third-person)
bispoþþōdē (past singular third-person)
bispoþþōdā (past singular third-person)
bispoþþōm (first-person plural present)
bispoþþōdum (first-person past plural)
bispoþþōþ (plural present second-person)
bispoþþōdud (past plural second-person)
bispoþþōnþ (plural present third-person)
bispoþþōdun (past plural third-person)
bispoþþōdī (first-person past singular)
bispoþþōdī (past second-person singular)
bispoþþō (present singular third-person)
bispoþþōdī (past singular third-person)
bispoþþōdīm (first-person past plural)
bispoþþōdīd (past plural second-person)
bispoþþōn (plural present third-person)
bispoþþōdīn (past plural third-person)
bispoþþō (present singular)
bispoþþōþ (plural present)
bispoþþōndī (participle present)
bispoþþōd (participle past)

bespotten

Old Saxon: *bispottōn; Middle Low German


spoþþōn

spoþþōn (infinitive)
spoþþōnijas (genitive infinitive)
spoþþōnijē (dative infinitive)
spoþþōniju (infinitive instrumental)
spoþþō (first-person present singular)
spoþþōdā (first-person past singular)
spoþþōs (present second-person singular)
spoþþōdēs (past second-person singular)
spoþþōdōs (past second-person singular)
spoþþōþ (present singular third-person)
spoþþōdē (past singular third-person)
spoþþōdā (past singular third-person)
spoþþōm (first-person plural present)
spoþþōdum (first-person past plural)
spoþþōþ (plural present second-person)
spoþþōdud (past plural second-person)
spoþþōnþ (plural present third-person)
spoþþōdun (past plural third-person)
spoþþōdī (first-person past singular)
spoþþōdī (past second-person singular)
spoþþō (present singular third-person)
spoþþōdī (past singular third-person)
spoþþōdīm (first-person past plural)
spoþþōdīd (past plural second-person)
spoþþōn (plural present third-person)
spoþþōdīn (past plural third-person)
spoþþō (present singular)
spoþþōþ (plural present)
spoþþōndī (participle present)
spoþþōd (participle past)

Old Frisian: spottia

West Frisian: spotte (with an unetymological class 1 inflection)

Old Saxon: *spottōn

Middle Low German: spotten

Old Dutch: *spotton

Middle Dutch: spotten

Dutch: spotten

Old High German: spottōn

Middle High German: spotten

German: spotten

From Proto-Germanic *spuþþōną. Equivalent to *spoþþ (“mockery”) + *-ōn.


blās

blās (nominative singular)
blāsō (nominative plural)
blāsōs (nominative plural)
blās (accusative singular)
blāsā (accusative plural)
blāsas (genitive singular)
blāsō (genitive plural)
blāsē (dative singular)
blāsum (dative plural)
blāsu (instrumental singular)
blāsum (instrumental plural)

Old English: blǣs

Middle English: blas, bles, bleas

Old Frisian: *blās

Saterland Frisian: Blas f

Old Saxon: *blās

Middle Low German: blâs f

German Low German: Blass

Old Dutch: *blās

Middle Dutch: blaes, blaas

Dutch: (dialectal) blas

Old High German: blās

Middle High German: blās

German: Blas

From Proto-Germanic *blēsaną (“to blow”).


blāstu

blāstu (nominative singular)
blāstiwi (nominative plural)
blāstō (nominative plural)
blāstu (accusative singular)
blāstū (accusative plural)
blāstō (genitive singular)
blāstiwō (genitive plural)
blāstiwi (dative singular)
blāstō (dative singular)
blāstum (dative plural)
blāstu (instrumental singular)
blāstum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: blǣst
Middle English: blast, blaste, blæst, blest
English: blast
→ Irish: bleaist
Scots: blast

Old Frisian: *blāst

West Frisian: blast m or f

Old Dutch: *blāst

Middle Dutch: *blast

Dutch: (dialectal) blast m

Old High German: blāst, plāst

Middle High German: blāst

German: Blast


haglōn

haglōn (infinitive)
haglōnijas (genitive infinitive)
haglōnijē (dative infinitive)
haglōniju (infinitive instrumental)
haglō (first-person present singular)
haglōdā (first-person past singular)
haglōs (present second-person singular)
haglōdēs (past second-person singular)
haglōdōs (past second-person singular)
haglōþ (present singular third-person)
haglōdē (past singular third-person)
haglōdā (past singular third-person)
haglōm (first-person plural present)
haglōdum (first-person past plural)
haglōþ (plural present second-person)
haglōdud (past plural second-person)
haglōnþ (plural present third-person)
haglōdun (past plural third-person)
haglōdī (first-person past singular)
haglōdī (past second-person singular)
haglō (present singular third-person)
haglōdī (past singular third-person)
haglōdīm (first-person past plural)
haglōdīd (past plural second-person)
haglōn (plural present third-person)
haglōdīn (past plural third-person)
haglō (present singular)
haglōþ (plural present)
haglōndī (participle present)
haglōd (participle past)

Old English: hagalian

Middle English: hailen

English: hail

Old Frisian: *heilia

Saterland Frisian: hailje

West Frisian: heilje

Old Saxon: *hagalōn

Middle Low German: hagelen

German Low German: hageln

Old Dutch: *hagalon

Middle Dutch: hagelen

Dutch: hagelen

→ West Frisian: hagelje

Old High German: *hagalōn

Middle High German: hagelen

German: hageln

From Proto-Germanic *haglōną. Equivalent to *hagl (“hail”) + *-ōn.


samnungu

From *samnōn (“to gather, assemble”) + *-ungu.


samnungu

samnungu (nominative singular)
samnungō (nominative plural)
samnungā (accusative singular)
samnungā (accusative plural)
samnungā (genitive singular)
samnungō (genitive plural)
samnungē (dative singular)
samnungōm (dative plural)
samnungum (dative plural)
samnungu (instrumental singular)
samnungōm (instrumental plural)
samnungum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: samnung, somnung
Middle English: samnung, samninge, samnyng, sampninge, somnunge, sompnunge

Old Saxon: samnunga

Middle Low German: samninge, sameninge

Old Dutch: samnunga

Old High German: samanunga

Middle High German: samenunge


gahnaistō

gahnaistō (nominative singular)
gahnaistan (nominative plural)
gahnaistan (accusative singular)
gahnaistan (accusative plural)
gahnaistini (genitive singular)
gahnaistan (genitive singular)
gahnaistanō (genitive plural)
gahnaistini (dative singular)
gahnaistan (dative singular)
gahnaistum (dative plural)
gahnaistini (instrumental singular)
gahnaistan (instrumental singular)
gahnaistum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *gnāst
Middle English: gnast, knast, gnaist, gnost
English: gnast
⇒ Old English: fȳrgnāst

⇒ Old Dutch: *ganēstra, *ganistra

desc

Middle Dutch: ghenstere, genster, genstere, genstere, genster, geenster, geenstere, geinstere, genstre, geister

Dutch: genster, geinster

→ West Frisian: geinster

Old High German: *ganeisto, gneisto, kneisto, gnanisto m, gnaneista, ganeista, gneista f

Middle High German: geneiste, gneiste, ganeist m or f

German: Gneist

⇒ Old High German: gnaneistra, ganeistra f

Middle High German: ganeister, geneister

German: Gneister, Ganster

→ Middle Low German: genster

From Proto-Germanic *gahnaistô, equivalent to *ga- + *hnaistō.


blōdarinnandī

From Proto-Germanic *blōþarinnandz + *-ī (adjective suffix). Equivalent to *blōd (“blood”) + *rinnan (“to flow”) + *-andī.

af

present participle of *blōþarinnan (“to bleed, hemorrhage”)


blōdarinnandī

blōdarinnandī (masculine nominative singular)
blōdarinnandiju (feminine nominative singular)
blōdarinnandī (neuter nominative singular)
blōdarinnandijanā (accusative masculine singular)
blōdarinnandijā (accusative feminine singular)
blōdarinnandī (accusative neuter singular)
blōdarinnandijas (genitive masculine singular)
blōdarinnandijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
blōdarinnandijas (genitive neuter singular)
blōdarinnandijumē (dative masculine singular)
blōdarinnandijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
blōdarinnandijumē (dative neuter singular)
blōdarinnandiju (instrumental masculine singular)
blōdarinnandijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
blōdarinnandiju (instrumental neuter singular)
blōdarinnandijē (masculine nominative plural)
blōdarinnandijō (feminine nominative plural)
blōdarinnandiju (neuter nominative plural)
blōdarinnandijā (accusative masculine plural)
blōdarinnandijā (accusative feminine plural)
blōdarinnandiju (accusative neuter plural)
blōdarinnandijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
blōdarinnandijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
blōdarinnandijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
blōdarinnandijēm (dative masculine plural)
blōdarinnandijum (dative masculine plural)
blōdarinnandijēm (dative feminine plural)
blōdarinnandijum (dative feminine plural)
blōdarinnandijēm (dative neuter plural)
blōdarinnandijum (dative neuter plural)
blōdarinnandijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
blōdarinnandijum (instrumental masculine plural)
blōdarinnandijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
blōdarinnandijum (feminine instrumental plural)
blōdarinnandijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
blōdarinnandijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: blōdyrnende

desc

Old Frisian: blōdrennand, blōdrinnand, blōdrunnand


wandalungu

wandalungu (nominative singular)
wandalungō (nominative plural)
wandalungā (accusative singular)
wandalungā (accusative plural)
wandalungā (genitive singular)
wandalungō (genitive plural)
wandalungē (dative singular)
wandalungōm (dative plural)
wandalungum (dative plural)
wandalungu (instrumental singular)
wandalungōm (instrumental plural)
wandalungum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wandlung

Old Frisian: wandelinge

Old Saxon: wantlunga

Middle Low German: wandelinge, wanderlinge

Old High German: wantalunga

Middle High German: wandelunge

German: Wandlung


samnōn

samnōn (infinitive)
samnōnijas (genitive infinitive)
samnōnijē (dative infinitive)
samnōniju (infinitive instrumental)
samnō (first-person present singular)
samnōdā (first-person past singular)
samnōs (present second-person singular)
samnōdēs (past second-person singular)
samnōdōs (past second-person singular)
samnōþ (present singular third-person)
samnōdē (past singular third-person)
samnōdā (past singular third-person)
samnōm (first-person plural present)
samnōdum (first-person past plural)
samnōþ (plural present second-person)
samnōdud (past plural second-person)
samnōnþ (plural present third-person)
samnōdun (past plural third-person)
samnōdī (first-person past singular)
samnōdī (past second-person singular)
samnō (present singular third-person)
samnōdī (past singular third-person)
samnōdīm (first-person past plural)
samnōdīd (past plural second-person)
samnōn (plural present third-person)
samnōdīn (past plural third-person)
samnō (present singular)
samnōþ (plural present)
samnōndī (participle present)
samnōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: samnian, somnian
Middle English: samnen, sammen, somnien, sumnien
English: sam
Scots: sammer

desc

Old Frisian: samenia, samnia, somnia, samena

Old Saxon: samnoian, samnōn

Middle Low German: sāmenen, sammenen, samnen, sammen

Old Dutch: *samnon

Middle Dutch: samenen, zamenen

Old High German: samanōn

Middle High German: samenen, samnen, samen

From Proto-Germanic *samnōną. Equivalent to *saman (“together”) + *-ōn.


gadrog

gadrog (nominative singular)
gadrogu (nominative plural)
gadrog (accusative singular)
gadrogu (accusative plural)
gadrogas (genitive singular)
gadrogō (genitive plural)
gadrogē (dative singular)
gadrogum (dative plural)
gadrogu (instrumental singular)
gadrogum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old Saxon: gidrog
Middle Low German: *gedrog
⇒ Middle Low German: gedrōchnisse

Old Dutch: *gidrog

Middle Dutch: gedroch

⇒ Middle Dutch: gedrochte

Dutch: gedrocht


drugiþu

drugiþu (nominative singular)
drugiþō (nominative plural)
drugiþā (accusative singular)
drugiþā (accusative plural)
drugiþā (genitive singular)
drugiþō (genitive plural)
drugiþē (dative singular)
drugiþōm (dative plural)
drugiþum (dative plural)
drugiþu (instrumental singular)
drugiþōm (instrumental plural)
drugiþum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: drugitha

Old High German: trugida

Middle High German: trügede, trugede

From *drog (“deception, delusion”) + *-iþu (abstract noun suffix).


dreugārī

dreugārī (nominative singular)
dreugārijō (nominative plural)
dreugārijōs (nominative plural)
dreugārī (accusative singular)
dreugārijā (accusative plural)
dreugārijas (genitive singular)
dreugārijō (genitive plural)
dreugārijē (dative singular)
dreugārijum (dative plural)
dreugāriju (instrumental singular)
dreugārijum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: driogāri

Old High German: triogāri

desc

Middle High German: triegære, trieger, trīgære


druginārī

druginārī (nominative singular)
druginārijō (nominative plural)
druginārijōs (nominative plural)
druginārī (accusative singular)
druginārijā (accusative plural)
druginārijas (genitive singular)
druginārijō (genitive plural)
druginārijē (dative singular)
druginārijum (dative plural)
drugināriju (instrumental singular)
druginārijum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: drugināri

Middle Low German: drȫgenære, drȫgenēre, drȫgenēr

Old Dutch: *drugināri

Middle Dutch: drogenere, drogener

Old High German: trugināri

Middle High German: trügenære, trugenære, trügener, trugener, trügner, trugner

German: Trügner (archaic)


drugini

drugini (nominative singular)
drugunnjō (nominative plural)
drugunnjā (accusative singular)
drugunnjā (accusative plural)
drugunnjā (genitive singular)
drugunnjō (genitive plural)
drugunnjē (dative singular)
drugunnjōm (dative plural)
drugunnjum (dative plural)
drugunnju (instrumental singular)
drugunnjōm (instrumental plural)
drugunnjum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: drugina

Middle Low German: drȫgene, drügene

Old Dutch: drugina

Old High German: trugina

Middle High German: trugene, trügene, truogene, trogene

German: Trügene (archaic)


stādī

stādī (masculine nominative singular)
stādiju (feminine nominative singular)
stādī (neuter nominative singular)
stādijanā (accusative masculine singular)
stādijā (accusative feminine singular)
stādī (accusative neuter singular)
stādijas (genitive masculine singular)
stādijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
stādijas (genitive neuter singular)
stādijumē (dative masculine singular)
stādijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
stādijumē (dative neuter singular)
stādiju (instrumental masculine singular)
stādijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
stādiju (instrumental neuter singular)
stādijē (masculine nominative plural)
stādijō (feminine nominative plural)
stādiju (neuter nominative plural)
stādijā (accusative masculine plural)
stādijā (accusative feminine plural)
stādiju (accusative neuter plural)
stādijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
stādijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
stādijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
stādijēm (dative masculine plural)
stādijum (dative masculine plural)
stādijēm (dative feminine plural)
stādijum (dative feminine plural)
stādijēm (dative neuter plural)
stādijum (dative neuter plural)
stādijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
stādijum (instrumental masculine plural)
stādijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
stādijum (feminine instrumental plural)
stādijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
stādijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Frisian: stēde

Old High German: stāti

Middle High German: stæte

German: stet


hnitul

hnitul (masculine nominative singular)
hnitulu (feminine nominative singular)
hnitul (neuter nominative singular)
hnitulanā (accusative masculine singular)
hnitulā (accusative feminine singular)
hnitul (accusative neuter singular)
hnitulas (genitive masculine singular)
hnituleʀā (feminine genitive singular)
hnitulas (genitive neuter singular)
hnitulumē (dative masculine singular)
hnituleʀē (dative feminine singular)
hnitulumē (dative neuter singular)
hnitulu (instrumental masculine singular)
hnituleʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
hnitulu (instrumental neuter singular)
hnitulē (masculine nominative plural)
hnitulō (feminine nominative plural)
hnitulu (neuter nominative plural)
hnitulā (accusative masculine plural)
hnitulā (accusative feminine plural)
hnitulu (accusative neuter plural)
hnituleʀō (genitive masculine plural)
hnituleʀō (feminine genitive plural)
hnituleʀō (genitive neuter plural)
hnitulēm (dative masculine plural)
hnitulum (dative masculine plural)
hnitulēm (dative feminine plural)
hnitulum (dative feminine plural)
hnitulēm (dative neuter plural)
hnitulum (dative neuter plural)
hnitulēm (instrumental masculine plural)
hnitulum (instrumental masculine plural)
hnitulēm (feminine instrumental plural)
hnitulum (feminine instrumental plural)
hnitulēm (instrumental neuter plural)
hnitulum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: hnitol

Old Frisian: *hnitel

⇒ Old Frisian: *hnitelich

Saterland Frisian: nietelch, nietelg

West Frisian: nitelich

Old Saxon: *hnitul

Middle Low German: nitel, netel

Old Dutch: *nitul

Middle Dutch: netel

⇒ Dutch: netelig

From Proto-Germanic *hnitulaz. Equivalent to *hnitōn + *-ul.


mekkōn

mekkōn (infinitive)
mekkōnijas (genitive infinitive)
mekkōnijē (dative infinitive)
mekkōniju (infinitive instrumental)
mekkō (first-person present singular)
mekkōdā (first-person past singular)
mekkōs (present second-person singular)
mekkōdēs (past second-person singular)
mekkōdōs (past second-person singular)
mekkōþ (present singular third-person)
mekkōdē (past singular third-person)
mekkōdā (past singular third-person)
mekkōm (first-person plural present)
mekkōdum (first-person past plural)
mekkōþ (plural present second-person)
mekkōdud (past plural second-person)
mekkōnþ (plural present third-person)
mekkōdun (past plural third-person)
mekkōdī (first-person past singular)
mekkōdī (past second-person singular)
mekkō (present singular third-person)
mekkōdī (past singular third-person)
mekkōdīm (first-person past plural)
mekkōdīd (past plural second-person)
mekkōn (plural present third-person)
mekkōdīn (past plural third-person)
mekkō (present singular)
mekkōþ (plural present)
mekkōndī (participle present)
mekkōd (participle past)

*mekkō

Old High German: *mecko

Middle High German: mecke m

*mekkrōn

Old Dutch: *mekkarōn

Middle Dutch: *mekkeren

Dutch: mekkeren

Old High German: *mekkarōn

Middle High German: *meckeren

German: meckern

*mekkuttjan

Old High German: *mechezzen

Middle High German: mechezen, mechzen

Old Dutch: *mekkon

Middle Dutch: *mekken

Dutch: mekken

→⇒? Munsee: meemeekush

→⇒? Unami: mèkis


ganut

ganut (nominative singular)
ganutō (nominative plural)
ganutōs (nominative plural)
ganut (accusative singular)
ganutā (accusative plural)
ganutas (genitive singular)
ganutō (genitive plural)
ganutē (dative singular)
ganutum (dative plural)
ganutu (instrumental singular)
ganutum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: ganot, ganet
Middle English: ganet, ganat, gante
English: gannet
Yola: gannt

Old Frisian: *ganet, *genet

Saterland Frisian: Gant, Gont

West Frisian: gent, gint

Old Dutch: *ganit, *genit

Middle Dutch: *gant, gent, ghent

Dutch: gent, (dialectal) gant

From *gans (“goose”) + *-ut (animal suffix).

gante

Old Saxon: *ganutio, *genitio; Middle Low German


hulþī

hulþī (nominative singular)
hulþīn (accusative singular)
hulþīn (genitive singular)
hulþīn (dative singular)
hulþīn (instrumental singular)

Old English: hyldu, heldu, hyldo

Old Frisian: helde, hulde

Old Saxon: huldi

Middle Low German: hülde, hulde

Old Dutch: huldi

Middle Dutch: hulde

Dutch: hulde

Old High German: huldī, huldhi, hulldi
Middle High German: hulde, hülde
German: Huld

→ Old Czech: hold

Czech: hold

→ Polish: hołd

From Proto-Germanic *hulþį̄, whence also Old Norse hylli. Equivalent to *holþ (“gracious”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).


bilūkan

bilūkan (infinitive)
bilūkannjas (genitive infinitive)
bilūkannjē (dative infinitive)
bilūkannju (infinitive instrumental)
bilūku (first-person present singular)
bilauk (first-person past singular)
bilūkiʀi (present second-person singular)
bilukī (past second-person singular)
bilūkidi (present singular third-person)
bilauk (past singular third-person)
bilūkum (first-person plural present)
bilukum (first-person past plural)
bilūkid (plural present second-person)
bilukud (past plural second-person)
bilūkand (plural present third-person)
bilukun (past plural third-person)
bilūkē (first-person present singular)
bilukī (first-person past singular)
bilūkēs (present second-person singular)
bilūkē (present singular third-person)
bilukī (past singular third-person)
bilūkēm (first-person plural present)
bilukīm (first-person past plural)
bilūkēþ (plural present second-person)
bilukīd (past plural second-person)
bilūkēn (plural present third-person)
bilukīn (past plural third-person)
bilūk (present singular)
bilūkid (plural present)
bilūkandī (participle present)
bilokan (participle past)

Old English: belūcan

desc

Middle English: beluken, bilouken, biloken

English: belock

Old Frisian: bilūka

Saterland Frisian: biluke

West Frisian: belûke

Old Saxon: bilūkan

Middle Low German: belûken

Old Dutch: bilūkan

Middle Dutch: beluken

Dutch: beluiken

⇒ Dutch: beloken (past participle)

Old High German: bilūhhan, bilūchan

Middle High German: belūchen, belouchen


kalbōn

kalbōn (infinitive)
kalbōnijas (genitive infinitive)
kalbōnijē (dative infinitive)
kalbōniju (infinitive instrumental)
kalbō (first-person present singular)
kalbōdā (first-person past singular)
kalbōs (present second-person singular)
kalbōdēs (past second-person singular)
kalbōdōs (past second-person singular)
kalbōþ (present singular third-person)
kalbōdē (past singular third-person)
kalbōdā (past singular third-person)
kalbōm (first-person plural present)
kalbōdum (first-person past plural)
kalbōþ (plural present second-person)
kalbōdud (past plural second-person)
kalbōnþ (plural present third-person)
kalbōdun (past plural third-person)
kalbōdī (first-person past singular)
kalbōdī (past second-person singular)
kalbō (present singular third-person)
kalbōdī (past singular third-person)
kalbōdīm (first-person past plural)
kalbōdīd (past plural second-person)
kalbōn (plural present third-person)
kalbōdīn (past plural third-person)
kalbō (present singular)
kalbōþ (plural present)
kalbōndī (participle present)
kalbōd (participle past)

desctree

Old English: ċealfian
Middle English: calven
English: calve
Scots: cauve, cauf, cawf, caulf

Old Frisian: *kālia

Saterland Frisian: koolvje

West Frisian: kealje

Old Saxon: *kalvōn

Middle Low German: kalven

German Low German: kalven

Old Dutch: *calvon

Middle Dutch: calven

Dutch: kalven

Old High German: *kalbōn

Middle High German: kalben

German: kalben

From Proto-Germanic *kalbōną, equivalent to *kalb (“calve”) + *-ōn. Compare also the class 1 weak verb in Old Norse kelfa.


wiþi

Old English: wiþ
Middle English: wiþ, with
English: with, wi
Geordie English: wi, wiv
Scots: wi
Yola: wee, wie, wi, wi', w', wough

Old Frisian: withe, with

Old Saxon: with

Old High German: wid

From Proto-Germanic *wiþi, a shortened form of Proto-Germanic *wiþrą. Cognate with Old Norse við.


wiþi-

Old English: wiþ-
Middle English: wid-, vid-, vith-, with-
English: with-
Scots: with-

Old Frisian: with-

Old Saxon: with-

From Proto-Germanic *wiþi-. Cognate with Old Norse við-.


blōdagōn

blōdagōn (infinitive)
blōdagōnijas (genitive infinitive)
blōdagōnijē (dative infinitive)
blōdagōniju (infinitive instrumental)
blōdagō (first-person present singular)
blōdagōdā (first-person past singular)
blōdagōs (present second-person singular)
blōdagōdēs (past second-person singular)
blōdagōdōs (past second-person singular)
blōdagōþ (present singular third-person)
blōdagōdē (past singular third-person)
blōdagōdā (past singular third-person)
blōdagōm (first-person plural present)
blōdagōdum (first-person past plural)
blōdagōþ (plural present second-person)
blōdagōdud (past plural second-person)
blōdagōnþ (plural present third-person)
blōdagōdun (past plural third-person)
blōdagōdī (first-person past singular)
blōdagōdī (past second-person singular)
blōdagō (present singular third-person)
blōdagōdī (past singular third-person)
blōdagōdīm (first-person past plural)
blōdagōdīd (past plural second-person)
blōdagōn (plural present third-person)
blōdagōdīn (past plural third-person)
blōdagō (present singular)
blōdagōþ (plural present)
blōdagōndī (participle present)
blōdagōd (participle past)

Old English: blōdgian, blōdegian
Middle English: *blodgien, blodeken
⇒ Middle English: biblodgien

Old Frisian: blōdgia

Old High German: bluotagōn

Middle High German: bluotigen

From Proto-Germanic *blōþagōną. Equivalent to *blōdag (“bloody”) + *-ōn.


wiþikweþan

wiþikweþan (infinitive)
wiþikweþannjas (genitive infinitive)
wiþikweþannjē (dative infinitive)
wiþikweþannju (infinitive instrumental)
wiþikweþu (first-person present singular)
wiþikwaþ (first-person past singular)
wiþikwiþiʀi (present second-person singular)
wiþikwādī (past second-person singular)
wiþikwiþidi (present singular third-person)
wiþikwaþ (past singular third-person)
wiþikweþum (first-person plural present)
wiþikwādum (first-person past plural)
wiþikwiþid (plural present second-person)
wiþikwādud (past plural second-person)
wiþikweþand (plural present third-person)
wiþikwādun (past plural third-person)
wiþikweþē (first-person present singular)
wiþikwādī (first-person past singular)
wiþikweþēs (present second-person singular)
wiþikweþē (present singular third-person)
wiþikwādī (past singular third-person)
wiþikweþēm (first-person plural present)
wiþikwādīm (first-person past plural)
wiþikweþēþ (plural present second-person)
wiþikwādīd (past plural second-person)
wiþikweþēn (plural present third-person)
wiþikwādīn (past plural third-person)
wiþikwiþ (present singular)
wiþikwiþid (plural present)
wiþikweþandī (participle present)
wiþikwedan (participle past)

Old English: wiþcweþan, wiþcweðan — edh spelling
Middle English: withquethen

Old Saxon: withkwethan, withquethan


wiþrakweþan

wiþrakweþan (infinitive)
wiþrakweþannjas (genitive infinitive)
wiþrakweþannjē (dative infinitive)
wiþrakweþannju (infinitive instrumental)
wiþrakweþu (first-person present singular)
wiþrakwaþ (first-person past singular)
wiþrakwiþiʀi (present second-person singular)
wiþrakwādī (past second-person singular)
wiþrakwiþidi (present singular third-person)
wiþrakwaþ (past singular third-person)
wiþrakweþum (first-person plural present)
wiþrakwādum (first-person past plural)
wiþrakwiþid (plural present second-person)
wiþrakwādud (past plural second-person)
wiþrakweþand (plural present third-person)
wiþrakwādun (past plural third-person)
wiþrakweþē (first-person present singular)
wiþrakwādī (first-person past singular)
wiþrakweþēs (present second-person singular)
wiþrakweþē (present singular third-person)
wiþrakwādī (past singular third-person)
wiþrakweþēm (first-person plural present)
wiþrakwādīm (first-person past plural)
wiþrakweþēþ (plural present second-person)
wiþrakwādīd (past plural second-person)
wiþrakweþēn (plural present third-person)
wiþrakwādīn (past plural third-person)
wiþrakwiþ (present singular)
wiþrakwiþid (plural present)
wiþrakweþandī (participle present)
wiþrakwedan (participle past)

Old English: wiþercweþan

desc

Old High German: widarkwedan, widarquedan


dōmōn

dōmōn (infinitive)
dōmōnijas (genitive infinitive)
dōmōnijē (dative infinitive)
dōmōniju (infinitive instrumental)
dōmō (first-person present singular)
dōmōdā (first-person past singular)
dōmōs (present second-person singular)
dōmōdēs (past second-person singular)
dōmōdōs (past second-person singular)
dōmōþ (present singular third-person)
dōmōdē (past singular third-person)
dōmōdā (past singular third-person)
dōmōm (first-person plural present)
dōmōdum (first-person past plural)
dōmōþ (plural present second-person)
dōmōdud (past plural second-person)
dōmōnþ (plural present third-person)
dōmōdun (past plural third-person)
dōmōdī (first-person past singular)
dōmōdī (past second-person singular)
dōmō (present singular third-person)
dōmōdī (past singular third-person)
dōmōdīm (first-person past plural)
dōmōdīd (past plural second-person)
dōmōn (plural present third-person)
dōmōdīn (past plural third-person)
dōmō (present singular)
dōmōþ (plural present)
dōmōndī (participle present)
dōmōd (participle past)

Old English: dōmian

Middle English: domen

English: doom

Old Frisian: dōmia

West Frisian: doemje, doeme

Old Saxon: *dōmōn

Middle Low German: dômen, domen, doumen, dûmen

Old Dutch: duomon

Middle Dutch: doemen

Dutch: doemen

Old High German: *tuomōn

Middle High German: tuomen


kaijōn

kaijōn (infinitive)
kaijōnijas (genitive infinitive)
kaijōnijē (dative infinitive)
kaijōniju (infinitive instrumental)
kaijō (first-person present singular)
kaijōdā (first-person past singular)
kaijōs (present second-person singular)
kaijōdēs (past second-person singular)
kaijōdōs (past second-person singular)
kaijōþ (present singular third-person)
kaijōdē (past singular third-person)
kaijōdā (past singular third-person)
kaijōm (first-person plural present)
kaijōdum (first-person past plural)
kaijōþ (plural present second-person)
kaijōdud (past plural second-person)
kaijōnþ (plural present third-person)
kaijōdun (past plural third-person)
kaijōdī (first-person past singular)
kaijōdī (past second-person singular)
kaijō (present singular third-person)
kaijōdī (past singular third-person)
kaijōdīm (first-person past plural)
kaijōdīd (past plural second-person)
kaijōn (plural present third-person)
kaijōdīn (past plural third-person)
kaijō (present singular)
kaijōþ (plural present)
kaijōndī (participle present)
kaijōd (participle past)

Old English: cǣġġian

Middle English: *keien

English: key

Old Frisian: kaia

(Anglo-Frisian Germanic) to lock, shut fast


dulgōn

dulgōn (infinitive)
dulgōnijas (genitive infinitive)
dulgōnijē (dative infinitive)
dulgōniju (infinitive instrumental)
dulgō (first-person present singular)
dulgōdā (first-person past singular)
dulgōs (present second-person singular)
dulgōdēs (past second-person singular)
dulgōdōs (past second-person singular)
dulgōþ (present singular third-person)
dulgōdē (past singular third-person)
dulgōdā (past singular third-person)
dulgōm (first-person plural present)
dulgōdum (first-person past plural)
dulgōþ (plural present second-person)
dulgōdud (past plural second-person)
dulgōnþ (plural present third-person)
dulgōdun (past plural third-person)
dulgōdī (first-person past singular)
dulgōdī (past second-person singular)
dulgō (present singular third-person)
dulgōdī (past singular third-person)
dulgōdīm (first-person past plural)
dulgōdīd (past plural second-person)
dulgōn (plural present third-person)
dulgōdīn (past plural third-person)
dulgō (present singular)
dulgōþ (plural present)
dulgōndī (participle present)
dulgōd (participle past)

Old English: dolgian

Old Frisian: dolgia, dulgia, dalgia

(Anglo-Frisian Germanic) to wound, injure


strālōn

strālōn (infinitive)
strālōnijas (genitive infinitive)
strālōnijē (dative infinitive)
strālōniju (infinitive instrumental)
strālō (first-person present singular)
strālōdā (first-person past singular)
strālōs (present second-person singular)
strālōdēs (past second-person singular)
strālōdōs (past second-person singular)
strālōþ (present singular third-person)
strālōdē (past singular third-person)
strālōdā (past singular third-person)
strālōm (first-person plural present)
strālōdum (first-person past plural)
strālōþ (plural present second-person)
strālōdud (past plural second-person)
strālōnþ (plural present third-person)
strālōdun (past plural third-person)
strālōdī (first-person past singular)
strālōdī (past second-person singular)
strālō (present singular third-person)
strālōdī (past singular third-person)
strālōdīm (first-person past plural)
strālōdīd (past plural second-person)
strālōn (plural present third-person)
strālōdīn (past plural third-person)
strālō (present singular)
strālōþ (plural present)
strālōndī (participle present)
strālōd (participle past)

Old English: strǣlian

Old Frisian: *strālia, *strēlia

West Frisian: strale, striele, strielje

Old Dutch: *strālon

desctree

Middle Dutch: strâlen
Dutch: stralen
Limburgish: straole


hwalbōn

hwalbōn (infinitive)
hwalbōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hwalbōnijē (dative infinitive)
hwalbōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hwalbō (first-person present singular)
hwalbōdā (first-person past singular)
hwalbōs (present second-person singular)
hwalbōdēs (past second-person singular)
hwalbōdōs (past second-person singular)
hwalbōþ (present singular third-person)
hwalbōdē (past singular third-person)
hwalbōdā (past singular third-person)
hwalbōm (first-person plural present)
hwalbōdum (first-person past plural)
hwalbōþ (plural present second-person)
hwalbōdud (past plural second-person)
hwalbōnþ (plural present third-person)
hwalbōdun (past plural third-person)
hwalbōdī (first-person past singular)
hwalbōdī (past second-person singular)
hwalbō (present singular third-person)
hwalbōdī (past singular third-person)
hwalbōdīm (first-person past plural)
hwalbōdīd (past plural second-person)
hwalbōn (plural present third-person)
hwalbōdīn (past plural third-person)
hwalbō (present singular)
hwalbōþ (plural present)
hwalbōndī (participle present)
hwalbōd (participle past)

Old English: hwealfian

Old High German: walbōn


īsajikilljā

īsajikilljā (nominative singular)
īsajikilljōn (nominative plural)
īsajikilljōn (accusative singular)
īsajikilljōn (accusative plural)
īsajikilljōn (genitive singular)
īsajikilljōnō (genitive plural)
īsajikilljōn (dative singular)
īsajikilljōm (dative plural)
īsajikilljum (dative plural)
īsajikilljōn (instrumental singular)
īsajikilljōm (instrumental plural)
īsajikilljum (instrumental plural)

Old High German: īhsilla, īsilla (metathesized)

Middle High German: īsel

From *īs (“ice”) + *jikilljā (“piece of ice, icicle”) or *īsajikil (“icicle”) + *-jā.


jikilljā

jikilljā (nominative singular)
jikilljōn (nominative plural)
jikilljōn (accusative singular)
jikilljōn (accusative plural)
jikilljōn (genitive singular)
jikilljōnō (genitive plural)
jikilljōn (dative singular)
jikilljōm (dative plural)
jikilljum (dative plural)
jikilljōn (instrumental singular)
jikilljōm (instrumental plural)
jikilljum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: ġiċele
Middle English: ychele

Old Saxon: ihilla, ichilla

desc

Old High German: ihilla, ihhilla, ichilla

From *jikil (“piece of ice, icicle”) + *-jā.


īsajikil

īsajikil (nominative singular)
īsajikilō (nominative plural)
īsajikilōs (nominative plural)
īsajikil (accusative singular)
īsajikilā (accusative plural)
īsajikilas (genitive singular)
īsajikilō (genitive plural)
īsajikilē (dative singular)
īsajikilum (dative plural)
īsajikilu (instrumental singular)
īsajikilum (instrumental plural)

Old English: īsġiċel, *īsġecol, *īsġeocol, *īsġicol

desctree

Middle English: isykle, isikel, ysekel, iseȝokill, izekelle, ysȝikel, yskel, ysse-ikkle
English: icicle
Early Scots: ice-shokil (< Middle English iseȝokill)
Scots: iceshogle, iceshoggle, ishogle, eeshogel, schokle, sheckle, shockle, shaikle
→? Elfdalian: aisikkel

Old Saxon: *īsjikil, *īsjukil

Middle Low German: îsjȫkel

desc

Low German: (East Frisian) Iesjökel, Ishekel, (Dithmarscher) Isjäkel

→ Danish: jisegel (dialectal)

→ Saterland Frisian: Iesjuukel, Íesjúkel

→ West Frisian: iisjûkel

→ Norwegian: isjukel

Old Dutch: *īsichil

Middle Dutch: isel, hisel, isele, hijsel

Dutch: ijzel


gajikilljā

gajikilljā (nominative singular)
gajikilljōn (nominative plural)
gajikilljōn (accusative singular)
gajikilljōn (accusative plural)
gajikilljōn (genitive singular)
gajikilljōnō (genitive plural)
gajikilljōn (dative singular)
gajikilljōm (dative plural)
gajikilljum (dative plural)
gajikilljōn (instrumental singular)
gajikilljōm (instrumental plural)
gajikilljum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old Saxon: gikilla
Middle Low German: guckel m or f (merged with descendant of Old Saxon *jukil m)

Old High German: kihhilla, kichilla

From *ga- (collective prefix) + *jikilljā.


wiþisprekan

wiþisprekan (infinitive)
wiþisprekannjas (genitive infinitive)
wiþisprekannjē (dative infinitive)
wiþisprekannju (infinitive instrumental)
wiþispreku (first-person present singular)
wiþisprak (first-person past singular)
wiþisprikiʀi (present second-person singular)
wiþisprākī (past second-person singular)
wiþisprikidi (present singular third-person)
wiþisprak (past singular third-person)
wiþisprekum (first-person plural present)
wiþisprākum (first-person past plural)
wiþisprikid (plural present second-person)
wiþisprākud (past plural second-person)
wiþisprekand (plural present third-person)
wiþisprākun (past plural third-person)
wiþisprekē (first-person present singular)
wiþisprākī (first-person past singular)
wiþisprekēs (present second-person singular)
wiþisprekē (present singular third-person)
wiþisprākī (past singular third-person)
wiþisprekēm (first-person plural present)
wiþisprākīm (first-person past plural)
wiþisprekēþ (plural present second-person)
wiþisprākīd (past plural second-person)
wiþisprekēn (plural present third-person)
wiþisprākīn (past plural third-person)
wiþisprik (present singular)
wiþisprikid (plural present)
wiþisprekandī (participle present)
wiþisprekan (participle past)

Old English: wiþsprecan
Middle English: withspeken
English: withspeak

Old Frisian: withspreka


hūbōn

hūbōn (infinitive)
hūbōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hūbōnijē (dative infinitive)
hūbōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hūbō (first-person present singular)
hūbōdā (first-person past singular)
hūbōs (present second-person singular)
hūbōdēs (past second-person singular)
hūbōdōs (past second-person singular)
hūbōþ (present singular third-person)
hūbōdē (past singular third-person)
hūbōdā (past singular third-person)
hūbōm (first-person plural present)
hūbōdum (first-person past plural)
hūbōþ (plural present second-person)
hūbōdud (past plural second-person)
hūbōnþ (plural present third-person)
hūbōdun (past plural third-person)
hūbōdī (first-person past singular)
hūbōdī (past second-person singular)
hūbō (present singular third-person)
hūbōdī (past singular third-person)
hūbōdīm (first-person past plural)
hūbōdīd (past plural second-person)
hūbōn (plural present third-person)
hūbōdīn (past plural third-person)
hūbō (present singular)
hūbōþ (plural present)
hūbōndī (participle present)
hūbōd (participle past)

Old English: hūfian

Old Saxon: *hūvōn

Middle Low German: hūven

Old Dutch: *hūvon

Middle Dutch: huven

Dutch: huiven

Old High German: *hūbōn

Middle High German: hūben


allagalīkō

Old Saxon: alligilīko

Middle Low German: algelīke, algelīk

Old High German: algilīhho, algilīcho

Middle High German: algelīche

From *all + *galīk (“alike, similar”) + *-ō (adverbial suffix).


jekō

jekō (nominative singular)
jekan (nominative plural)
jekan (accusative singular)
jekan (accusative plural)
jikini (genitive singular)
jekan (genitive singular)
jekanō (genitive plural)
jikini (dative singular)
jekan (dative singular)
jekum (dative plural)
jikini (instrumental singular)
jekan (instrumental singular)
jekum (instrumental plural)

Old High German: *jehho, *jecho

Middle High German: *jech

German: Jäch (dialectal)


lubistik

lubistik (nominative singular)
lubistikō (nominative plural)
lubistikōs (nominative plural)
lubistik (accusative singular)
lubistikā (accusative plural)
lubistikas (genitive singular)
lubistikō (genitive plural)
lubistikē (dative singular)
lubistikum (dative plural)
lubistiku (instrumental singular)
lubistikum (instrumental plural)

desc

Old Saxon: livistok, libistok, livistokk, libistokk, livistik, livestok

Middle Low German: lēverstok, lēverstock, lofstock, lōvestok, lōvestock, lübbestok, lübbestock, lubbestock, lubstock, lobestock, lavestock

Old Dutch: *lubistok

Middle Dutch: lēvestoc, lubbestok, lupstok

Old High German: lubistek, lubistec

Middle High German: liebstück, lübstock

German: Luststock

→ Czech: libeček

→ Polish: lubczyk (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin lubisticum, libisticum, from Late Latin levisticum, corrupted from Latin ligusticum.

Levisticum officinale
Levisticum officinale

Old English: lufestiċeMiddle English: lufestice

lübestecke

Old High German: lubistehho, lubistecho, lubbistehho, lubistekko, lubistecko, lubbistecho; Middle High German


fēbr

fēbr (nominative singular)
fēbrō (nominative plural)
fēbrōs (nominative plural)
fēbr (accusative singular)
fēbrā (accusative plural)
fēbras (genitive singular)
fēbrō (genitive plural)
fēbrē (dative singular)
fēbrum (dative plural)
fēbru (instrumental singular)
fēbrum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: fefor, fefer
Middle English: fever, fefer, feofer, fovre, fevre, fiever, fiver (with Old French fievre)
English: fever
Scots: fiver

Old Saxon: fēver, fēber

Middle Low German: fēber, feber

→ Danish: feber

→ Norwegian Bokmål: feber

→ Swedish: feber

Old Dutch: fēver

Middle Dutch: feber, fieber

Old High German: fiebar

desc

Middle High German: fieber, vieber, feber

Cimbrian: viibar, biibar (Mezzaselva)

German: Fieber

Luxembourgish: Féiwer

Yiddish: פֿיבער (fiber)


flintastain

flintastain (nominative singular)
flintastainō (nominative plural)
flintastainōs (nominative plural)
flintastain (accusative singular)
flintastainā (accusative plural)
flintastainas (genitive singular)
flintastainō (genitive plural)
flintastainē (dative singular)
flintastainum (dative plural)
flintastainu (instrumental singular)
flintastainum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *flintstān

desctree

Middle English: flynt ston, fflyntstone, flynston, flynt-stane, flyntstone, flynt stoone
English: flintstone
Scots: flynt-stane

Old Saxon: *flintstēn

desc

Middle Low German: vlintstēn, vlintstein

desctree

Old High German: flinsstein
Middle High German: vlinsstein, vlinstein, flinsstein, flinstein
→ Middle Low German: vlinsstēn, vlinsstein

From *flint (“flint”) + *stain (“stone”).


īsabain

īsabain (nominative singular)
īsabainu (nominative plural)
īsabain (accusative singular)
īsabainu (accusative plural)
īsabainas (genitive singular)
īsabainō (genitive plural)
īsabainē (dative singular)
īsabainum (dative plural)
īsabainu (instrumental singular)
īsabainum (instrumental plural)

Old English: īsbān

English: ice-bone (dialectal)

Old Saxon: īsbēn

Middle Low German: îsbên, îsbein

→ Danish: isben

→ Swedish: isben

Old Dutch: *īsbēn

desc

Middle Dutch: îsebeen, ijsbeen, ischbeen

Dutch: ijsbeen

Old High German: īsbein

Middle High German: īsbein

German: Eisbein (regional)

Borrowed from Latin ischia, ischion (“hipbone”) + *bain (“bone”).


krīdā

krīdā (nominative singular)
krīdōn (nominative plural)
krīdōn (accusative singular)
krīdōn (accusative plural)
krīdōn (genitive singular)
krīdōnō (genitive plural)
krīdōn (dative singular)
krīdōm (dative plural)
krīdum (dative plural)
krīdōn (instrumental singular)
krīdōm (instrumental plural)
krīdum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *krīt n

Saterland Frisian: Kriet

West Frisian: kryt

Old Saxon: krīda, *krīta

Middle Low German: krîte, krît

German Low German: Kried

Plautdietsch: Kjried

→ Danish: kridt

→ Estonian: kriit

→ Faroese: krit

→ Icelandic: krít

→ Norwegian Bokmål: kritt

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: krit

→ Swedish: krita

Old Dutch: *krīta

Middle Dutch: crijt

desctree

Dutch: krijt
Afrikaans: kryt
Negerhollands: kried
→ Papiamentu: kreit, krijt
→ Sranan Tongo: kreiti, kreeti
→ Caribbean Hindustani: kreiti
→ Saramaccan: keéti

Old High German: krīda

Middle High German: krīde

Cimbrian: khraida

German: Kreide

Luxembourgish: Kräid

Vilamovian: krajd

Yiddish: קרײַד (krayd)

→ Bulgarian: креда (kreda)

→ Czech: křída

→ Macedonian: креда (kreda)

→ Lower Sorbian: krida

→ Old Ruthenian: крейда (krejda) (see there for further descendants)

→ Polish: kreda

→ Serbo-Croatian: креда / kreda

→ Slovene: kreda

From Vulgar Latin *crēda and Latin crēta.


mūl

mūl (nominative singular)
mūlō (nominative plural)
mūlōs (nominative plural)
mūl (accusative singular)
mūlā (accusative plural)
mūlas (genitive singular)
mūlō (genitive plural)
mūlē (dative singular)
mūlum (dative plural)
mūlu (instrumental singular)
mūlum (instrumental plural)

Old English: mūl
Middle English: mule
English: mule
→ Hawaiian: miula
→ Irish: miúil
→ Maori: miūru

Old Saxon: *mūl

Middle Low German: mûl

Old Dutch: *mūl

Middle Dutch: muul

Dutch: muil

Old High German: mūl

Middle High German: mūl, muol

German: Maul (archaic)

⇒ German: Muli

mūle

Old High German: mūlō; Middle High German


minnjō

minnjō (nominative singular)
minnjan (nominative plural)
minnjan (accusative singular)
minnjan (accusative plural)
minnjini (genitive singular)
minnjan (genitive singular)
minnjanō (genitive plural)
minnjini (dative singular)
minnjan (dative singular)
minnjum (dative plural)
minnjini (instrumental singular)
minnjan (instrumental singular)
minnjum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *minnio

desc

Middle Low German: mēnie, mennie, mennige, mēnich, mēning, mennynge, minie, mēnige, mēnie

→ Danish: mønje

→ Swedish: mönja

Old Dutch: *minio

Middle Dutch: minie, mēnie, mēny

Dutch: menie

Old High German: minio, *minwo

Middle High German: minig, minwe

German: Mennige

From Latin miniō, from minium (“cinnabar, red lead”).


lubistikil

lubistikil (nominative singular)
lubistikilō (nominative plural)
lubistikilōs (nominative plural)
lubistikil (accusative singular)
lubistikilā (accusative plural)
lubistikilas (genitive singular)
lubistikilō (genitive plural)
lubistikilē (dative singular)
lubistikilum (dative plural)
lubistikilu (instrumental singular)
lubistikilum (instrumental plural)

Old Dutch: *lubistikil

Middle Dutch: lubbestēkel, logestikel

Old High German: lubistehhal, lubistechal, lubistihhal, lubistichal, lubistekkal, lubisteckal, lubistikkel, lubistickel, lubistukkil, lubistuckil

Middle High German: liebstockel, lubestuckel, liebstuckel

German: Liebstöckel


linsī

linsī (nominative singular)
linsīn (accusative singular)
linsīn (genitive singular)
linsīn (dative singular)
linsīn (instrumental singular)

desctree

Old English: lent, *lente
Middle English: lent, lente

Old Saxon: linsi

Middle Low German: linse

→ Danish: linse

→ Norwegian: linse

→ Swedish: lins

Old Dutch: *linsi

Middle Dutch: lins

Old High German: linsi, lins, linsīn

Middle High German: linse, lins

German: Linse
→ Dutch: linze

Borrowed from Latin lēns ~ lentis (“lentil”).


skilp

skilp (nominative singular)
skilpō (nominative plural)
skilpōs (nominative plural)
skilp (accusative singular)
skilpā (accusative plural)
skilpas (genitive singular)
skilpō (genitive plural)
skilpē (dative singular)
skilpum (dative plural)
skilpu (instrumental singular)
skilpum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *skilp

Middle Low German: schelp, schilp

Old Dutch: *scilf

Middle Dutch: *scelf

Dutch: schelf

Old High German: skiluf
Middle High German: schilf
German: Schilf


saþurejā

saþurejā (nominative singular)
saþurejōn (nominative plural)
saþurejōn (accusative singular)
saþurejōn (accusative plural)
saþurejōn (genitive singular)
saþurejōnō (genitive plural)
saþurejōn (dative singular)
saþurejōm (dative plural)
saþurejum (dative plural)
saþurejōn (instrumental singular)
saþurejōm (instrumental plural)
saþurejum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sæþeriġe, satureġe

desc

Middle English: satureie, satureye, saturege, saturea

Old Saxon: *sathureia, *satureia

Middle Low German: satureie, satureye

Old Dutch: *satureia

Middle Dutch: saturie

Old High German: satureia

Middle High German: saturei

Borrowed from Latin satureia (“savory”).


rōan

rōan (infinitive)
rōannjas (genitive infinitive)
rōannjē (dative infinitive)
rōannju (infinitive instrumental)
rōu (first-person present singular)
reō (first-person past singular)
rōiʀi (present second-person singular)
reōī (past second-person singular)
rōidi (present singular third-person)
reō (past singular third-person)
rōum (first-person plural present)
reōum (first-person past plural)
rōid (plural present second-person)
reōud (past plural second-person)
rōand (plural present third-person)
reōun (past plural third-person)
rōē (first-person present singular)
reōī (first-person past singular)
rōēs (present second-person singular)
rōē (present singular third-person)
reōī (past singular third-person)
rōēm (first-person plural present)
reōīm (first-person past plural)
rōēþ (plural present second-person)
reōīd (past plural second-person)
rōēn (plural present third-person)
reōīn (past plural third-person)
rō (present singular)
rōid (plural present)
rōandī (participle present)
rōan (participle past)

Old English: rōwan

Middle English: rowen

Scots: row

English: row

Old Frisian: *rōia

Saterland Frisian: roie

West Frisian: roeie

Old Saxon: *rōian

Middle Low German: rōen, rōien, rōjen

Old Dutch: *ruoien

Middle Dutch: roeyen

Dutch: roeien

Afrikaans: roei

Old High German: *ruojan

Middle High German: rüejen, rüegen, ruogen

German: rojen


hrīban

hrīban (infinitive)
hrībannjas (genitive infinitive)
hrībannjē (dative infinitive)
hrībannju (infinitive instrumental)
hrību (first-person present singular)
hraib (first-person past singular)
hrībiʀi (present second-person singular)
hribī (past second-person singular)
hrībidi (present singular third-person)
hraib (past singular third-person)
hrībum (first-person plural present)
hribum (first-person past plural)
hrībid (plural present second-person)
hribud (past plural second-person)
hrīband (plural present third-person)
hribun (past plural third-person)
hrībē (first-person present singular)
hribī (first-person past singular)
hrībēs (present second-person singular)
hrībē (present singular third-person)
hribī (past singular third-person)
hrībēm (first-person plural present)
hribīm (first-person past plural)
hrībēþ (plural present second-person)
hribīd (past plural second-person)
hrībēn (plural present third-person)
hribīn (past plural third-person)
hrīb (present singular)
hrībid (plural present)
hrībandī (participle present)
hriban (participle past)

⇒ Old English: hrīfnian

⇒ Old English: ġehrīfnian

Old Frisian: *hrīva, rīva

North Frisian: riwwe, rewe

Saterland Frisian: rieuwe

⇒ Old Frisian: hrīvia, rīvia

Old Dutch: *rīvan

Middle Dutch: riven

Dutch: rijven

From Proto-Germanic *hrībaną. Doublet of *skrīban (“to write”).


skrīnī

skrīnī (nominative singular)
skrīniju (nominative plural)
skrīnī (accusative singular)
skrīniju (accusative plural)
skrīnijas (genitive singular)
skrīnijō (genitive plural)
skrīnijē (dative singular)
skrīnijum (dative plural)
skrīniju (instrumental singular)
skrīnijum (instrumental plural)
skrīnī (nominative singular)
skrīnijō (nominative plural)
skrīnijōs (nominative plural)
skrīnī (accusative singular)
skrīnijā (accusative plural)
skrīnijas (genitive singular)
skrīnijō (genitive plural)
skrīnijē (dative singular)
skrīnijum (dative plural)
skrīniju (instrumental singular)
skrīnijum (instrumental plural)

Old Dutch: *skrīni

Middle Dutch: schrine, scrijn, scrīne m

Dutch: schrijn

Old High German: skrīni, scrīni n or m

Middle High German: schrīn

German: Schrein

→ Bulgarian: скрин (skrin)

→ Proto-Slavic: *skrini (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Latin scrīnium (“chest, reliquary”).


skrīn

skrīn (nominative singular)
skrīnu (nominative plural)
skrīn (accusative singular)
skrīnu (accusative plural)
skrīnas (genitive singular)
skrīnō (genitive plural)
skrīnē (dative singular)
skrīnum (dative plural)
skrīnu (instrumental singular)
skrīnum (instrumental plural)
skrīn (nominative singular)
skrīnō (nominative plural)
skrīnōs (nominative plural)
skrīn (accusative singular)
skrīnā (accusative plural)
skrīnas (genitive singular)
skrīnō (genitive plural)
skrīnē (dative singular)
skrīnum (dative plural)
skrīnu (instrumental singular)
skrīnum (instrumental plural)

Old English: scrīn n

Middle English: shryne
English: shrine

Old Frisian: skrīn m

Old Saxon: *skrīn

Middle Low German: schrīn, scryn, schrien, schrēn, schrein, screyn, schreyn, schren, scren n or m

→ Old Norse: skrín

Danish: skrin

Icelandic: skrín

Norwegian: skrin

Old Swedish: skrin

Swedish: skrin

Old High German: skrīn scrīn n or m

Middle High German: schrīn

German: Schrein

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin *scrīnum, from scrīnium (“chest, reliquary”).


purpurīn

purpurīn (masculine nominative singular)
purpurīnu (feminine nominative singular)
purpurīn (neuter nominative singular)
purpurīnanā (accusative masculine singular)
purpurīnā (accusative feminine singular)
purpurīn (accusative neuter singular)
purpurīnas (genitive masculine singular)
purpurīneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
purpurīnas (genitive neuter singular)
purpurīnumē (dative masculine singular)
purpurīneʀē (dative feminine singular)
purpurīnumē (dative neuter singular)
purpurīnu (instrumental masculine singular)
purpurīneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
purpurīnu (instrumental neuter singular)
purpurīnē (masculine nominative plural)
purpurīnō (feminine nominative plural)
purpurīnu (neuter nominative plural)
purpurīnā (accusative masculine plural)
purpurīnā (accusative feminine plural)
purpurīnu (accusative neuter plural)
purpurīneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
purpurīneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
purpurīneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
purpurīnēm (dative masculine plural)
purpurīnum (dative masculine plural)
purpurīnēm (dative feminine plural)
purpurīnum (dative feminine plural)
purpurīnēm (dative neuter plural)
purpurīnum (dative neuter plural)
purpurīnēm (instrumental masculine plural)
purpurīnum (instrumental masculine plural)
purpurīnēm (feminine instrumental plural)
purpurīnum (feminine instrumental plural)
purpurīnēm (instrumental neuter plural)
purpurīnum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: purpuren

Old Saxon: *purpurīn

Middle High German: purpuren, purporen, purperen

Old Dutch: *purpurīn

Middle High German: purperin, purperen, purperijn

Dutch: purperen

Old High German: purpurīn

Middle High German: purperīn, purpurīn, purprīn

German: purpurn


glūpan

glūpan (infinitive)
glūpannjas (genitive infinitive)
glūpannjē (dative infinitive)
glūpannju (infinitive instrumental)
glūpu (first-person present singular)
glaup (first-person past singular)
glūpiʀi (present second-person singular)
glupī (past second-person singular)
glūpidi (present singular third-person)
glaup (past singular third-person)
glūpum (first-person plural present)
glupum (first-person past plural)
glūpid (plural present second-person)
glupud (past plural second-person)
glūpand (plural present third-person)
glupun (past plural third-person)
glūpē (first-person present singular)
glupī (first-person past singular)
glūpēs (present second-person singular)
glūpē (present singular third-person)
glupī (past singular third-person)
glūpēm (first-person plural present)
glupīm (first-person past plural)
glūpēþ (plural present second-person)
glupīd (past plural second-person)
glūpēn (plural present third-person)
glupīn (past plural third-person)
glūp (present singular)
glūpid (plural present)
glūpandī (participle present)
glopan (participle past)

Old Frisian: glūpa

West Frisian: glupe

Old Saxon: *glūpan

Middle Low German: glūpen

Old Dutch: *glūpan

Middle Dutch: glupen

Dutch: gluipen

From Proto-Germanic *gleupaną - *glūpaną.


turtilā

turtilā (nominative singular)
turtilōn (nominative plural)
turtilōn (accusative singular)
turtilōn (accusative plural)
turtilōn (genitive singular)
turtilōnō (genitive plural)
turtilōn (dative singular)
turtilōm (dative plural)
turtilum (dative plural)
turtilōn (instrumental singular)
turtilōm (instrumental plural)
turtilum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: turtle f, turtla m
Middle English: turtle, tortle, turtel, turtul
English: turtle (archaic)

Old High German: turtula f, turtulo m

Middle High German: turtel f

German: Turtel (archaic)

Corrupted from earlier *turturilā, from either *turtur (“turtledove”) + *-ilā, or borrowed directly from Late Latin turturella, both from Latin turtur (“turtledove”).


turtiladūbā

turtiladūbā (nominative singular)
turtiladūbōn (nominative plural)
turtiladūbōn (accusative singular)
turtiladūbōn (accusative plural)
turtiladūbōn (genitive singular)
turtiladūbōnō (genitive plural)
turtiladūbōn (dative singular)
turtiladūbōm (dative plural)
turtiladūbum (dative plural)
turtiladūbōn (instrumental singular)
turtiladūbōm (instrumental plural)
turtiladūbum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *turtildūfe

Middle English: turtildove, turteldoufe

English: turtle dove

Old Saxon: *turtildūva, *turtaldūva

desc

Middle Low German: turteldūve, turtelduve, tarteldūve, tartelduve, terdeldūve, tirteldūve

German Low German: Turtelduuv

→ Danish: turteldue

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: turteldue

Norwegian Nynorsk: turteldue

→ Swedish: turturduva

→ Icelandic: turtildúfa

→ Faroese: turtildúgva

Old Dutch: turtuldūva

Middle Dutch: torteldûve, turteldûve

Dutch: tortelduif

Old High German: turtultūba, turtulatūba, turtiltūba

Middle High German: turteltūbe, türteltūbe

German: Turteltaube

From *turtilā (“turtledove”) + *dūbā (“dove, pigeon”).


saumasadul

saumasadul (nominative singular)
saumasadulu (nominative plural)
saumasadul (accusative singular)
saumasadulu (accusative plural)
saumasadulas (genitive singular)
saumasadulō (genitive plural)
saumasadulē (dative singular)
saumasadulum (dative plural)
saumasadulu (instrumental singular)
saumasadulum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sēamsadol

Middle English: semsadel, semesadell

Old High German: soumsatul

Middle High German: soumsatel

German: Saumsattel

From *saum (“load, burden; packsaddle”) + *sadul (“saddle”).


saumārī

saumārī (nominative singular)
saumārijō (nominative plural)
saumārijōs (nominative plural)
saumārī (accusative singular)
saumārijā (accusative plural)
saumārijas (genitive singular)
saumārijō (genitive plural)
saumārijē (dative singular)
saumārijum (dative plural)
saumāriju (instrumental singular)
saumārijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sēamere

Old Saxon: sōmari

desc

Middle Low German: sȫmäre, sȫmer, sȫmere, zoemer, soymmer, sömmer

Old High German: soumāri

Middle High German: soumäre, soumâre, soumer, söumäre, söumer

German: säumer

From *saum (“load, burden; packsaddle”) + *-ārī.


turnēn

turnēn (infinitive)
turnēnijas (genitive infinitive)
turnēnijē (dative infinitive)
turnēniju (infinitive instrumental)
turnē (first-person present singular)
turn?dā (first-person past singular)
turnēs (present second-person singular)
turn?dēs (past second-person singular)
turnēþ (present singular third-person)
turn?dē (past singular third-person)
turn?dā (past singular third-person)
turnēm (first-person plural present)
turn?dum (first-person past plural)
turnēþ (plural present second-person)
turn?dud (past plural second-person)
turnēnþ (plural present third-person)
turn?dun (past plural third-person)
turn?dī (first-person past singular)
turn?dī (past second-person singular)
turnē (present singular third-person)
turn?dī (past singular third-person)
turn?dīm (first-person past plural)
turn?dīd (past plural second-person)
turnēn (plural present third-person)
turn?dīn (past plural third-person)
turnē (present singular)
turnēþ (plural present)
turnēndī (participle present)
turn?d (participle past)

desctree

Old English: turnian
Middle English: turnen (partly from Old French torner)
English: turn
Scots: turn

Old High German: turnēn

Middle High German: *turnen

German: turnen

Borrowed from Latin tornō (“to turn, lathe”).


saumahross

saumahhross (nominative singular)
saumahhrossu (nominative plural)
saumahhross (accusative singular)
saumahhrossu (accusative plural)
saumahhrossas (genitive singular)
saumahhrossō (genitive plural)
saumahhrossē (dative singular)
saumahhrossum (dative plural)
saumahhrossu (instrumental singular)
saumahhrossum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sēamhors

Old High German: soumros

Middle High German: soumros

German: Saumross

From *saum (“load, burden; packsaddle”) + *hross (“horse”).


flotōn

flotōn (infinitive)
flotōnijas (genitive infinitive)
flotōnijē (dative infinitive)
flotōniju (infinitive instrumental)
flotō (first-person present singular)
flotōdā (first-person past singular)
flotōs (present second-person singular)
flotōdēs (past second-person singular)
flotōdōs (past second-person singular)
flotōþ (present singular third-person)
flotōdē (past singular third-person)
flotōdā (past singular third-person)
flotōm (first-person plural present)
flotōdum (first-person past plural)
flotōþ (plural present second-person)
flotōdud (past plural second-person)
flotōnþ (plural present third-person)
flotōdun (past plural third-person)
flotōdī (first-person past singular)
flotōdī (past second-person singular)
flotō (present singular third-person)
flotōdī (past singular third-person)
flotōdīm (first-person past plural)
flotōdīd (past plural second-person)
flotōn (plural present third-person)
flotōdīn (past plural third-person)
flotō (present singular)
flotōþ (plural present)
flotōndī (participle present)
flotōd (participle past)

Old English: flotian

Middle English: floten

Scots: flot, flote, floit

English: float

→ German: floaten

Old Frisian: *flotia

Saterland Frisian: flotje

West Frisian: flotsje

Old Saxon: flotōn

Middle Low German: vloten, vlotten

German Low German: flötten, flöttjen

Old Dutch: *fluton, *floton

Middle Dutch: vloten, vlotten, vlutten

Dutch: vlotten

Afrikaans: vlot

Old High German: *flozzōn

Middle High German: flōzen, vlōzen

→ Old French: floter

Middle French: flotter

French: flotter

→ Italian: fiottare

→ Spanish: flotar


kamarā

kamarā (nominative singular)
kamarōn (nominative plural)
kamarōn (accusative singular)
kamarōn (accusative plural)
kamarōn (genitive singular)
kamarōnō (genitive plural)
kamarōn (dative singular)
kamarōm (dative plural)
kamarum (dative plural)
kamarōn (instrumental singular)
kamarōm (instrumental plural)
kamarum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: kamer

North Frisian: keamer

Saterland Frisian: camer

Old Saxon: kamara, kamera

desc

Middle Low German: kāmer, kāmere, kammer

Low German: Kamer, Kammer

desctree

→ Old Norse: kamarr
Icelandic: kamar
Faroese: kamar
Norwegian: kammer
Old Swedish: kamar
Swedish: kammare
→ Finnish: kamari
Danish: kammer

Old Dutch: *kamara

Middle Dutch: cāmere
Dutch: kamer
Afrikaans: kamer
Berbice Creole Dutch: kambru
→ Lokono: kambara
→ Indonesian: kamar
→ Malay: kamar
→ Petjo: kamar
→ Ternate: kamar
→ Javanese: ꦏꦩꦂ (kamar)
> Caribbean Javanese: kamar (inherited)
→ Papiamentu: kamber
→ Peranakan Indonesian: kamer
→ Sranan Tongo: kamra
→ Aukan: kambaa
→ Caribbean Hindustani: kamrá
→ Saramaccan: kámba
→ Sinhalese: කාමරය (kāmaraya)
→? Trió: kama
Limburgish: kamer

Old High German: kamara

Middle High German: kamer

Bavarian: Kåmmer

desc

Cimbrian: khåmmar, khamara (Sette Comuni)

Mòcheno: kòmmer

German: Kammer

Borrowed from Latin camara, camera (“chamber”).


ōstrijā

ōstrijā (nominative singular)
ōstrijōn (nominative plural)
ōstrijōn (accusative singular)
ōstrijōn (accusative plural)
ōstrijōn (genitive singular)
ōstrijōnō (genitive plural)
ōstrijōn (dative singular)
ōstrijōm (dative plural)
ōstrijum (dative plural)
ōstrijōn (instrumental singular)
ōstrijōm (instrumental plural)
ōstrijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ōstre

Middle English: ostre, oster, hostre

Old Saxon: *ōstra, *ōstria

Middle Low German: ōster, oester, ouster, ōstre, ōstrie

→ Danish: østers

→ Middle High German: ōster

→ Norwegian: østers

Old Dutch: *uostra

Middle Dutch: oester

desctree

Dutch: oester
Afrikaans: oester
→ Papiamentu: uster, oester, hustu
→⇒ Russian: у́стрица (ústrica) (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle Low German: ūster

→ German: Auster

Old High German: *uostra

desc

⇒? Old High German: aostorskala, aostorskāla, aostorscala, aostorscāla, ostarscala

German: Austernschale

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin *ostria, from Latin ostrea, ostreum (“oyster”).


muskulā

muskulā (nominative singular)
muskulōn (nominative plural)
muskulōn (accusative singular)
muskulōn (accusative plural)
muskulōn (genitive singular)
muskulōnō (genitive plural)
muskulōn (dative singular)
muskulōm (dative plural)
muskulum (dative plural)
muskulōn (instrumental singular)
muskulōm (instrumental plural)
muskulum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: muscle, muscelle, muxle, musle
Middle English: muscle, moskle, muschyl, muscul, muskall, muskel, muskele, muskell, muskle, muskyl, muskyll, musshell, mustul
English: mussel
Scots: mushle

Old Frisian: *muskle, *muxle

Saterland Frisian: Mussel

West Frisian: moksel

Old Saxon: muskula

desc

Middle Low German: muschel, muschele, muskele, mussel

German Low German: Mussel

Old Dutch: *muskula

Middle Dutch: musschele, mosscele, mosscel

Dutch: mossel

Old High German: muskula, muscula

Middle High German: muschel

German: Muschel

Borrowed from Late Latin muscula, from Latin mūsculus (“mussel", also "muscle”, literally “little mouse”). Distantly equivalent to *mūs (“mouse”) + *-il (diminutive suffix).


sīdā

sīdā (nominative singular)
sīdōn (nominative plural)
sīdōn (accusative singular)
sīdōn (accusative plural)
sīdōn (genitive singular)
sīdōnō (genitive plural)
sīdōn (dative singular)
sīdōm (dative plural)
sīdum (dative plural)
sīdōn (instrumental singular)
sīdōm (instrumental plural)
sīdum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sīde

Old Saxon: *sīda

Middle Low German: sîde, seide

→ Latvian: zīds

Old Dutch: *sīda

Middle Dutch: sīde

desctree

Dutch: zijde
Afrikaans: sy
Negerhollands: sie

Old High German: sīda

Middle High German: sīde

German: Seide

Hunsrik: Seid

Borrowed from Medieval Latin sīda, from Late Latin sēta (“silk”), from Latin saeta (“bristle (of horsehair)”).


pīpōn

pīpōn (infinitive)
pīpōnijas (genitive infinitive)
pīpōnijē (dative infinitive)
pīpōniju (infinitive instrumental)
pīpō (first-person present singular)
pīpōdā (first-person past singular)
pīpōs (present second-person singular)
pīpōdēs (past second-person singular)
pīpōdōs (past second-person singular)
pīpōþ (present singular third-person)
pīpōdē (past singular third-person)
pīpōdā (past singular third-person)
pīpōm (first-person plural present)
pīpōdum (first-person past plural)
pīpōþ (plural present second-person)
pīpōdud (past plural second-person)
pīpōnþ (plural present third-person)
pīpōdun (past plural third-person)
pīpōdī (first-person past singular)
pīpōdī (past second-person singular)
pīpō (present singular third-person)
pīpōdī (past singular third-person)
pīpōdīm (first-person past plural)
pīpōdīd (past plural second-person)
pīpōn (plural present third-person)
pīpōdīn (past plural third-person)
pīpō (present singular)
pīpōþ (plural present)
pīpōndī (participle present)
pīpōd (participle past)

Old English: pīpian

Middle English: pipen, pypyn, pipe, pype
English: pipe
Scots: pipe

Old Saxon: *pīpianx, *pībian

Middle Low German: pīpen, pīven

Old Dutch: *pīpōn

Middle Dutch: pipen, pijpen

Dutch: pijpen
Petjo: pijpen

Old High German: pfīfōn, phīfōn

Middle High German: pfīfen, phīfen

German: pfeifen


balsamō

balsamō (nominative singular)
balsaman (nominative plural)
balsaman (accusative singular)
balsaman (accusative plural)
balsamini (genitive singular)
balsaman (genitive singular)
balsamanō (genitive plural)
balsamini (dative singular)
balsaman (dative singular)
balsamum (dative plural)
balsamini (instrumental singular)
balsaman (instrumental singular)
balsamum (instrumental plural)

Old English: balsam n

Middle English: balsme

Old Frisian: *balsem

West Frisian: balsem

Old Saxon: *balsamo

desc

Middle Low German: balsam, balsem, balseme, balsme

→ Old Norse: balsamr

Swedish: balsam

→ Finnish: palsami

Old Dutch: *balsamo

Middle Dutch: balseme, balsame

desctree

Dutch: balsem
Afrikaans: balsem
Negerhollands: balsam
→ Indonesian: balsem
→ Papiamentu: balsem

Old High German: balsamo

desc

Middle High German: balsame, balseme, balsam, balsem, balsme

German: Balsam (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Latin balsamum (“balsam”). Parallel borrowing with Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐍃𐌰𐌽 (balsan, “balsam”).


īkwōn

īkwōn (infinitive)
īkwōnijas (genitive infinitive)
īkwōnijē (dative infinitive)
īkwōniju (infinitive instrumental)
īkwō (first-person present singular)
īkwōdā (first-person past singular)
īkwōs (present second-person singular)
īkwōdēs (past second-person singular)
īkwōdōs (past second-person singular)
īkwōþ (present singular third-person)
īkwōdē (past singular third-person)
īkwōdā (past singular third-person)
īkwōm (first-person plural present)
īkwōdum (first-person past plural)
īkwōþ (plural present second-person)
īkwōdud (past plural second-person)
īkwōnþ (plural present third-person)
īkwōdun (past plural third-person)
īkwōdī (first-person past singular)
īkwōdī (past second-person singular)
īkwō (present singular third-person)
īkwōdī (past singular third-person)
īkwōdīm (first-person past plural)
īkwōdīd (past plural second-person)
īkwōn (plural present third-person)
īkwōdīn (past plural third-person)
īkwō (present singular)
īkwōþ (plural present)
īkwōndī (participle present)
īkwōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *īkōn

Middle Low German: īken

Old Dutch: *īkōn

desctree

Middle Dutch: īken
Dutch: ijken
Afrikaans: yk

Old High German: *īkōn

Middle High German: īchen, eichen

German: eichen

Borrowed Late Latin ēquō, from Latin aequō (“to equalize, compare”).


tunnā

tunnā (nominative singular)
tunnōn (nominative plural)
tunnōn (accusative singular)
tunnōn (accusative plural)
tunnōn (genitive singular)
tunnōnō (genitive plural)
tunnōn (dative singular)
tunnōm (dative plural)
tunnum (dative plural)
tunnōn (instrumental singular)
tunnōm (instrumental plural)
tunnum (instrumental plural)

Old English: tunne
Middle English: tunne, tonne
English: ton, tun

Old Frisian: tunne, tonne

North Frisian: tenn

Old Saxon: *tunna

Middle Low German: tunne, tonne

→ Old Norse: tunna

Old Danish: tynnæ

Danish: tønde

Old Swedish: tunna

Swedish: tunna

Icelandic: tunna

Old Dutch: *tunna

Middle Dutch: tonne

Dutch: ton

Old High German: tunna

Middle High German: tunne, tonne

German: Tonne

Borrowed from Medieval Latin tunna (“tun”).


kappā

kappā (nominative singular)
kappōn (nominative plural)
kappōn (accusative singular)
kappōn (accusative plural)
kappōn (genitive singular)
kappōnō (genitive plural)
kappōn (dative singular)
kappōm (dative plural)
kappum (dative plural)
kappōn (instrumental singular)
kappōm (instrumental plural)
kappum (instrumental plural)

Old English: cæppe, kæppe
Middle English: cappe, cap, cape, cep
English: cap
Scots: kep

Old Frisian: kappe

Old Saxon: kappa

Middle Low German: kappe, kap

→ Norwegian Bokmål: kappe

→ Old Swedish: kappa

Swedish: kappa
→ Finnish: kappa

Old Dutch: *kappa

Middle Dutch: cappe

Dutch: kap
Berbice Creole Dutch: kapu
Negerhollands: kap
→ Indonesian: kap
→ Papiamentu: kap

desc

Old High German: kapfa, kapha, kappa, gapfa

Middle High German: kappe

German: Kappe

⇒ Alemannic German: Käppi (diminutive)

→ French: képi (see there for further descendants)

→ German: Käppi

⇒ Cimbrian: kèpple (diminutive)

Borrowed from Late Latin cappa (“cape, sleeveless coat”).


Danī

Danī (nominative plural)
Danī (accusative plural)

desctree

Old English: Dene
Middle English: Dene, Dane

Old Saxon: *Denī

Middle Low German: dēne, denne

Low German: Dään

Old Dutch: *Denī

Middle Dutch: Dene

Dutch: Deen
Negerhollands: Deen

Old High German: *Tenī

Middle High German: Tene

German: Däne


hwalafisk

hwalafisk (nominative singular)
hwalafiskō (nominative plural)
hwalafiskōs (nominative plural)
hwalafisk (accusative singular)
hwalafiskā (accusative plural)
hwalafiskas (genitive singular)
hwalafiskō (genitive plural)
hwalafiskē (dative singular)
hwalafiskum (dative plural)
hwalafisku (instrumental singular)
hwalafiskum (instrumental plural)

Old English:

Middle English:

English: whalefish

Old Frisian: *hwalfisk

Saterland Frisian: Waalfisk

West Frisian: walfisk

Old Saxon: *hwalfisk

Middle Low German: walvisch

desc

German Low German: Waalfisch, Waalfisk, Waalfiss

Plautdietsch: Waulfesch (< High German)

→ Danish: hvalfisk (calque)

→ Icelandic: hvalfiskur (calque)

Old Dutch: walvisk

desctree

Middle Dutch: walvisch
Dutch: walvis
Afrikaans: walvis
Negerhollands: walvisch, walvis
→ Thai: วาฬ (waan)

Old High German: walfisk, walfisc

Middle High German: walfisch, walvisch

German: Walfisch


korōnā

korōnā (nominative singular)
korōnōn (nominative plural)
korōnōn (accusative singular)
korōnōn (accusative plural)
korōnōn (genitive singular)
korōnōnō (genitive plural)
korōnōn (dative singular)
korōnōm (dative plural)
korōnum (dative plural)
korōnōn (instrumental singular)
korōnōm (instrumental plural)
korōnum (instrumental plural)

Old English: corōna m

gl

early as <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">coronan</i>; merged with Old French

Middle English: corona, crone, crune, croune (early as coronan; merged with Old French)

English: crown

Scots: crone, croun, crown

Old Frisian: krōne

Saterland Frisian: Kroune

West Frisian: kroane, kroan

Old Saxon: *korōna, *krōna

Middle Low German: krône, krôn

German Low German: Kroon

→ Estonian: kroon

→ Old Norse: krúna

Icelandic: krúna

Faroese: krúna

Norwegian: krone

desctree

Danish: krone
→ Faroese: króna
→ Icelandic: króna

Swedish: krona (see there for further descendants)

Old Dutch: korōna, corōna

Middle Dutch: croene, crône, croon
Dutch: kroon
Afrikaans: kroon
→ Indonesian: kerun
Negerhollands: kroon
Limburgish: kroean

Old Dutch: *corūna

Middle Dutch: crune, cruine, cruyn
Dutch: kruin

Old High German: krōna, korōna, korona

Middle High German: krōne, krōn, corōne

German: Krone

Hunsrik: Kron

Luxembourgish: Kroun

Yiddish: קרוין (kroyn)

→ Macedonian: круна (kruna)

→ Russian: крона (krona)

→ Serbo-Croatian: kruna / круна

→ Slovene: krona


furidamnōn

furidamnōn (infinitive)
furidamnōnijas (genitive infinitive)
furidamnōnijē (dative infinitive)
furidamnōniju (infinitive instrumental)
furidamnō (first-person present singular)
furidamnōdā (first-person past singular)
furidamnōs (present second-person singular)
furidamnōdēs (past second-person singular)
furidamnōdōs (past second-person singular)
furidamnōþ (present singular third-person)
furidamnōdē (past singular third-person)
furidamnōdā (past singular third-person)
furidamnōm (first-person plural present)
furidamnōdum (first-person past plural)
furidamnōþ (plural present second-person)
furidamnōdud (past plural second-person)
furidamnōnþ (plural present third-person)
furidamnōdun (past plural third-person)
furidamnōdī (first-person past singular)
furidamnōdī (past second-person singular)
furidamnō (present singular third-person)
furidamnōdī (past singular third-person)
furidamnōdīm (first-person past plural)
furidamnōdīd (past plural second-person)
furidamnōn (plural present third-person)
furidamnōdīn (past plural third-person)
furidamnō (present singular)
furidamnōþ (plural present)
furidamnōndī (participle present)
furidamnōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *fordamnōn

desc

Middle Low German: vördammen, vördemmen, vordemmen

Old Dutch: *fordamnōn

Middle Dutch: verdammen

Dutch: verdammen (archaic)

Old High German: firdamnōn

Middle High German: verdamnen, verdamen, verdampnen, verdammen, vertammen, ferdammen

From *furi- + Latin damnō (“to damn, condemn”), under the influence of unrelated *furidōmijan (“to damn, condemn”).


kesulastain

kesulastain (nominative singular)
kesulastainō (nominative plural)
kesulastainōs (nominative plural)
kesulastain (accusative singular)
kesulastainā (accusative plural)
kesulastainas (genitive singular)
kesulastainō (genitive plural)
kesulastainē (dative singular)
kesulastainum (dative plural)
kesulastainu (instrumental singular)
kesulastainum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: ċeosolstān
Middle English: chesel-ston, schesellstone, chesell-ston
English: chiselstone

Old Saxon: *kesalstēn

desc

Middle Low German: kēserlincstên, kēserlincstein

Old Dutch: *kesalstēn

Middle Dutch: kezelsteen

Dutch: keizelsteen

Old High German: *kisilstein

Middle High German: kiselstein

German: Kieselstein

From *kesul, *kisil (“pebble”) + *stain (“stone”).


winkijan

winkijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
winkijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
winkijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
winkijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
winkiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
winkidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
winkisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
winkidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
winkidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
winkiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
winkidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
winkidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
winkijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
winkidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
winkiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
winkidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
winkijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
winkidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
winkijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
winkidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
winkijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
winkidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
winkijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
winkidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
winkijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
winkidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
winkijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
winkidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
winkijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
winkidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
winki (class-1 present singular weak)
winkiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
winkijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
winkid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *winċan

gl

usually considered a byform of Middle English <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">winken</i>

Middle English: winchen (usually considered a byform of Middle English winken)

Old Frisian: *winka

desc

West Frisian: winke (strong verb by analogy with similar-sounding strong verbs)

Old Saxon: *winkian

gl

merged with descendant of Old Saxon <i class="Latn mention" lang="osx">winkōn</i>

Middle Low German: winken (merged with descendant of Old Saxon winkōn)

German Low German: winken

→ Danish: vinke

→ Swedish: vinka

→ Norwegian: vinke

Old Dutch: winken

Middle Dutch: winken

Dutch: winken (dialectal)

desc

Old High German: winken (“to wave, nod”)

Middle High German: winken

German: winken

From Proto-Indo-European *weng- (“to bend”).


marþ

marþ (nominative singular)
marþō (nominative plural)
marþōs (nominative plural)
marþ (accusative singular)
marþā (accusative plural)
marþas (genitive singular)
marþō (genitive plural)
marþē (dative singular)
marþum (dative plural)
marþu (instrumental singular)
marþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: mearþ

Old Frisian: *merth

West Frisian: murd

Old Saxon: *marth

Middle Low German: mārt, mārte

Old Dutch: *mard

Middle Dutch: mārt

Old High German: *mard

Middle High German: mard

→ Medieval Latin: martes (see there for further descendants)