haunijan

haunijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
haunijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
haunijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
haunijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hauniju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
haunidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
haunisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
haunidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
haunidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hauniþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
haunidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
haunidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
haunijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
haunidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hauniþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
haunidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
haunijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
haunidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
haunijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
haunidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
haunijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
haunidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
haunijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
haunidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
haunijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
haunidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
haunijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
haunidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
haunijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
haunidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hauni (class-1 present singular weak)
hauniþ (class-1 plural present weak)
haunijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
haunid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: hīenan

Middle English: henen

English: hean

Old Frisian: hēna

West Frisian: huynjen

Old Saxon: hōnian
Middle Low German: hônen, hönen
German Low German: höhnen

Old Dutch: *hōnen
Middle Dutch: hônen
Dutch: honen
Afrikaans: hoon

Old High German: *hōnen

Middle High German: hōnen

German: höhnen

→ Vulgar Latin: *haunīre (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Germanic *haunijaną. Equivalent to *haunī (“humiliated, despicable”) + *-jan.


hrātu

hrātu (nominative singular)
hrātō (nominative plural)
hrātā (accusative singular)
hrātā (accusative plural)
hrātā (genitive singular)
hrātō (genitive plural)
hrātē (dative singular)
hrātōm (dative plural)
hrātum (dative plural)
hrātu (instrumental singular)
hrātōm (instrumental plural)
hrātum (instrumental plural)

Old Dutch: rāta

Middle Dutch: râte

Dutch: raat

Old High German: rāza

Middle High German: Raz

German: Roß

Luxembourgish: Ros

→ Vulgar Latin: *hrata

Old French: ree, raie (dated abt. 1130)

desc

Middle French: rayon, royon (“shelf, compartment, honeycomb”)

French: rayon

Late Latin: frata (dated 8th-century)

Unknown; possibly from Proto-Germanic *hrētō, from a metathesized form of Proto-Indo-European *ker-d- (“to twist, weave”), suffixed form of *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). Cognate with Albanian krodhë (“beehive”). Compare also Proto-Germanic *hrōtą (“roof”) and Proto-Slavic *korda (“pile of logs”).


hrapōn

hrapōn (infinitive)
hrapōnijas (genitive infinitive)
hrapōnijē (dative infinitive)
hrapōniju (infinitive instrumental)
hrapō (first-person present singular)
hrapōdā (first-person past singular)
hrapōs (present second-person singular)
hrapōdēs (past second-person singular)
hrapōdōs (past second-person singular)
hrapōþ (present singular third-person)
hrapōdē (past singular third-person)
hrapōdā (past singular third-person)
hrapōm (first-person plural present)
hrapōdum (first-person past plural)
hrapōþ (plural present second-person)
hrapōdud (past plural second-person)
hrapōnþ (plural present third-person)
hrapōdun (past plural third-person)
hrapōdī (first-person past singular)
hrapōdī (past second-person singular)
hrapō (present singular third-person)
hrapōdī (past singular third-person)
hrapōdīm (first-person past plural)
hrapōdīd (past plural second-person)
hrapōn (plural present third-person)
hrapōdīn (past plural third-person)
hrapō (present singular)
hrapōþ (plural present)
hrapōndī (participle present)
hrapōd (participle past)

Old English: *hrapian, hrepian

Middle English: rapen, rappen, repen

English: rape, rap, repe

Old Frisian: *hrapia

Saterland Frisian: rappe

West Frisian: raepje

desctree

Old Saxon: *hrapon, hrappōn
Middle Low German: rapen, *rappen
Low German: rapen, rappen

Old Dutch: *rapon

Middle Dutch: rāpen

Dutch: rapen

Old High German: *hraffōn, *raffōn
Middle High German: raffen
German: raffen
Luxembourgish: rafen
→ Vulgar Latin: *raffō
Galician: rafar
Italian: arraffare
→ Old French: raffer, rafer
Middle English: *raffen
→ English: raff

→ Vulgar Latin: *frappō (see there for further descendants)


waibijan

waibijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
waibijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
waibijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
waibijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
waibiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
waibidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
waibisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
waibidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
waibidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
waibiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
waibidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
waibidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
waibijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
waibidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
waibiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
waibidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
waibijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
waibidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
waibijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
waibidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
waibijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
waibidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
waibijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
waibidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
waibijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
waibidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
waibijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
waibidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
waibijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
waibidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
waibi (class-1 present singular weak)
waibiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
waibijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
waibid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: wǣfan

Middle English: wēven

English: weave (“to wander”)

Old Dutch: *weiven

Middle Dutch: weiven

Dutch: wuiven (with dialectal rounding)

Afrikaans: wuif, wuiwe

⇒ Dutch: weifelen

Afrikaans: weifel

q

e-conjugation attested in <i class="Latn mention" lang="goh">ziweiben</i>

Old High German: weibōn, *weiben (e-conjugation attested in ziweiben)

Middle High German: weiben

⇒ Middle High German: weibeln

Alemannic German: weible

German: weibeln (now only Swiss)


brastōn

brastōn (infinitive)
brastōnijas (genitive infinitive)
brastōnijē (dative infinitive)
brastōniju (infinitive instrumental)
brastō (first-person present singular)
brastōdā (first-person past singular)
brastōs (present second-person singular)
brastōdēs (past second-person singular)
brastōdōs (past second-person singular)
brastōþ (present singular third-person)
brastōdē (past singular third-person)
brastōdā (past singular third-person)
brastōm (first-person plural present)
brastōdum (first-person past plural)
brastōþ (plural present second-person)
brastōdud (past plural second-person)
brastōnþ (plural present third-person)
brastōdun (past plural third-person)
brastōdī (first-person past singular)
brastōdī (past second-person singular)
brastō (present singular third-person)
brastōdī (past singular third-person)
brastōdīm (first-person past plural)
brastōdīd (past plural second-person)
brastōn (plural present third-person)
brastōdīn (past plural third-person)
brastō (present singular)
brastōþ (plural present)
brastōndī (participle present)
brastōd (participle past)

gl

>? Old Saxon: *brastōn, *braskōn, *bratsōn (alteration through dissimilation or metathesis)

desc

Middle Low German: brāschen, brēschen, bratzen, brassen

German Low German: brassen

→ German: prassen

Old High German: brastōn

Middle High German: brasten

German: brasten


īs

īs (nominative singular)
īsu (nominative plural)
īs (accusative singular)
īsu (accusative plural)
īsas (genitive singular)
īsō (genitive plural)
īsē (dative singular)
īsum (dative plural)
īsu (instrumental singular)
īsum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: īs, ys
Middle English: is, ise, yes, yce, yys, ys, ijs, yse, ysz, hyse, hyys, ice, isse, ysse, yis
English: ice (see there for further descendants)
Scots: ice

Old Frisian: īs

North Frisian: Iis, Is, is

Saterland Frisian: Ies

West Frisian: iis

Old Saxon: īs
Middle Low German: îs
Low German:
German Low German: Ies
Plautdietsch: Iess

Old Dutch: *īs

Middle Dutch: ijs
Dutch: ijs
Afrikaans: ys
Petjo: es
→ Caribbean Javanese: ès
→ Indonesian: es
→ Papiamentu: eis
→ Sranan Tongo: èisi, hèisi
→ Aukan: eisi
→ Saramaccan: eísí
Limburgish: ies

Old High German: īs
Middle High German: īs
Alemannic German: Iis, Is, Isch
Alsatian: Iis; Eis (northern)
Italian Walser: isch, éisch
Bavarian: ais
Cimbrian: ais
Mòcheno: ais
Central Franconian: Eis, Ies
Hunsrik: Eis
Luxembourgish: Äis
Transylvanian Saxon: Ais
German: Eis
Rhine Franconian:
Frankfurt: [ais]
Pennsylvania German: Eis
Vilamovian: ajs
Yiddish: אײַז (ayz)


hulis

hulis (nominative singular)
hulisō (nominative plural)
hulisōs (nominative plural)
hulis (accusative singular)
hulisā (accusative plural)
hulisas (genitive singular)
hulisō (genitive plural)
hulisē (dative singular)
hulisum (dative plural)
hulisu (instrumental singular)
hulisum (instrumental plural)

⇒ Old English: (unknown stem variant) holen, holeġn, holiġn, holiġ
Middle English: holyn, holin, holy, holly
English: holly, hollen
Scots: holin, hollin, holyn
Middle English: holme, holm
English: holm

Old Saxon: hulis

Middle Low German: hüls

German Low German:

Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Hülse

Sauerländisch: Hulse, Hulle, Hülse, Huse

Old Dutch: *hulis

Middle Dutch: huls, hulst f

Dutch: hulst

desc

Old High German: hulis, huls, hulisa, huliso

Middle High German: huls

German: Hülse f, Hulst, Holst, Hülsen, Hulse, Hulsenbaum, Hulsenstrauch, Hülst, Holch, Hulsch, Hülsenstrauch, Hülsenbaum, Hülsekraut, Hubze

desctree

→ Old French: hous, hus, huche, houche, huse, houce, houlx
Middle French: hous, houx, houlx
French: houx
Norman: housse (Jèrriais)
Picard: hoûx (Athois), oûch
Walloon: hoû (Charleroi), hoûssê (Forrières), hoûs

Unknown; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂- (“to sting, prick”), or perhaps borrowed from some substrate language. Compare Old English holen (“holly”), Old Norse hulfr (“holly”), Proto-Celtic *kolinos (“holly tree”) (whence Old Irish cuilenn, Welsh celyn).


hāring

hāring (nominative singular)
hāringō (nominative plural)
hāringōs (nominative plural)
hāring (accusative singular)
hāringā (accusative plural)
hāringas (genitive singular)
hāringō (genitive plural)
hāringē (dative singular)
hāringum (dative plural)
hāringu (instrumental singular)
hāringum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: hǣring
Middle English: hering, hereng, heiring, herring, hæring, haring
English: herring
Scots: hering, herring, herrin, haring
Yola: hereen, heereen

Old Frisian: hēreng
Saterland Frisian: Hiering, Häiring
West Frisian: hjerring

Old Saxon: *hāring

Middle Low German: hârink, hering

German Low German:

Westphalian:

East Westphalian (Lippisch): Hering

South Westphalian (Dortmundisch), Westmünsterländisch: Hääring

Westmünsterländisch: Heering

Old Dutch: *hāring

Middle Dutch: hârinc, hêrinc
Dutch: haring
Afrikaans: haring
Negerhollands: heriṅ
→ Caribbean Hindustani: eleng
→ Papiamentu: hering
Limburgish: hieëring

Old High German: hārinc, herinc

Middle High German: hærinc, hērinc

Central Franconian: Herrek (Ripuarian)

German: Hering (see there for further descendants)

Hunsrik: Hering

Luxembourgish: Hierk

Yiddish: הערינג (hering)

Bavarian: Haring

→ Late Latin: haringus (see there for further descendants)

Unknown; possibly from *hār (“hair”) + *-ing, named for its hair-like bones, compare Ancient Greek τριχίας (trikhías), τριχίς (trikhís, “type of anchovy”), from θρίξ (thríx, “hair”).

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache


gnīdan

gnīdan (infinitive)
gnīdannjas (genitive infinitive)
gnīdannjē (dative infinitive)
gnīdannju (infinitive instrumental)
gnīdu (first-person present singular)
gnaid (first-person past singular)
gnīdiʀi (present second-person singular)
gnidī (past second-person singular)
gnīdidi (present singular third-person)
gnaid (past singular third-person)
gnīdum (first-person plural present)
gnidum (first-person past plural)
gnīdid (plural present second-person)
gnidud (past plural second-person)
gnīdand (plural present third-person)
gnidun (past plural third-person)
gnīdē (first-person present singular)
gnidī (first-person past singular)
gnīdēs (present second-person singular)
gnīdē (present singular third-person)
gnidī (past singular third-person)
gnīdēm (first-person plural present)
gnidīm (first-person past plural)
gnīdēþ (plural present second-person)
gnidīd (past plural second-person)
gnīdēn (plural present third-person)
gnidīn (past plural third-person)
gnīd (present singular)
gnīdid (plural present)
gnīdandī (participle present)
gnidan (participle past)

Old English: gnīdan
Middle English: gniden, gnyde

Old Saxon: *gnīdan

Middle Low German: gnīden

Old High German: gnītan

Middle High German: gnīten


andaswaru

andaswaru (nominative singular)
andaswarō (nominative plural)
andaswarā (accusative singular)
andaswarā (accusative plural)
andaswarā (genitive singular)
andaswarō (genitive plural)
andaswarē (dative singular)
andaswarōm (dative plural)
andaswarum (dative plural)
andaswaru (instrumental singular)
andaswarōm (instrumental plural)
andaswarum (instrumental plural)

Old English: andswaru, andsware

desc

Middle English: andsware, answere, answar, answer

Scots: answere, answer

English: answer

Old Frisian: ondswer, ondsere, ondser

Old Saxon: andswar, andswōr, antswōr

From Proto-Germanic *andaswarō. Equivalent to *anda- + *swaru.


þegnōn

þegnōn (infinitive)
þegnōnijas (genitive infinitive)
þegnōnijē (dative infinitive)
þegnōniju (infinitive instrumental)
þegnō (first-person present singular)
þegnōdā (first-person past singular)
þegnōs (present second-person singular)
þegnōdēs (past second-person singular)
þegnōdōs (past second-person singular)
þegnōþ (present singular third-person)
þegnōdē (past singular third-person)
þegnōdā (past singular third-person)
þegnōm (first-person plural present)
þegnōdum (first-person past plural)
þegnōþ (plural present second-person)
þegnōdud (past plural second-person)
þegnōnþ (plural present third-person)
þegnōdun (past plural third-person)
þegnōdī (first-person past singular)
þegnōdī (past second-person singular)
þegnō (present singular third-person)
þegnōdī (past singular third-person)
þegnōdīm (first-person past plural)
þegnōdīd (past plural second-person)
þegnōn (plural present third-person)
þegnōdīn (past plural third-person)
þegnō (present singular)
þegnōþ (plural present)
þegnōndī (participle present)
þegnōd (participle past)

Old English: þeġnian

Middle English: theinen

Old High German: deganōn

Middle High German: dëgenen

From *þegn (“retainer, servant”) + *-ōn.


andawurdī

andawurdī (nominative singular)
andawurdiju (nominative plural)
andawurdī (accusative singular)
andawurdiju (accusative plural)
andawurdijas (genitive singular)
andawurdijō (genitive plural)
andawurdijē (dative singular)
andawurdijum (dative plural)
andawurdiju (instrumental singular)
andawurdijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: andwyrde

Old Frisian: ondwarde, antwerde, ontwert, ondert, onder

Saterland Frisian: Oantwoud

West Frisian: andwird, antwurd, antwird, andert

Old Saxon: andwurdi, andwordi

Middle Low German: antworde, antwōrde, antword

German Low German: Antwoord

Plautdietsch: Auntwuat

Old Dutch: *antwurdi, andwarde

Middle Dutch: antworde, antwoorde, antwerde

desctree

Dutch: antwoord
Afrikaans: antwoord
Negerhollands: antwoord, anturt
→ Sranan Tongo: antwortu
→ Caribbean Javanese: antwor

Limburgish: antjwaord, antjwaordj

Old High German: antwurti, antwurtī

Middle High German: antwürte

German: Antwort

Luxembourgish: Äntwert

Yiddish: ענטפֿער (entfer)


kwissi

kwissi (nominative singular)
kwissī (nominative plural)
kwissi (accusative singular)
kwissī (accusative plural)
kwissī (genitive singular)
kwissijō (genitive plural)
kwissī (dative singular)
kwissim (dative plural)
kwissijum (dative plural)
kwissī (instrumental singular)
kwissim (instrumental plural)
kwissijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *cwiss

Middle English: quiste

⇒ Middle English: biqueste

English: bequest

⇒ Old English: andcwiss


alljar

Old English: ellor

Old Saxon: ellior

Old Dutch: *ellar

Middle Dutch: eller, elre, eldre

Dutch: elders


alljas

Old English: elles

Middle English: else

English: else

Old Frisian: elles, ellis

Old Dutch: elles

Middle Dutch: els

Old High German: elles, alles

From Proto-Germanic *aljas, an adverbial genitive from *aljaz (“other”).


gabīg

gabīg (masculine nominative singular)
gabīgu (feminine nominative singular)
gabīg (neuter nominative singular)
gabīganā (accusative masculine singular)
gabīgā (accusative feminine singular)
gabīg (accusative neuter singular)
gabīgas (genitive masculine singular)
gabīgeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
gabīgas (genitive neuter singular)
gabīgumē (dative masculine singular)
gabīgeʀē (dative feminine singular)
gabīgumē (dative neuter singular)
gabīgu (instrumental masculine singular)
gabīgeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
gabīgu (instrumental neuter singular)
gabīgē (masculine nominative plural)
gabīgō (feminine nominative plural)
gabīgu (neuter nominative plural)
gabīgā (accusative masculine plural)
gabīgā (accusative feminine plural)
gabīgu (accusative neuter plural)
gabīgeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
gabīgeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
gabīgeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
gabīgēm (dative masculine plural)
gabīgum (dative masculine plural)
gabīgēm (dative feminine plural)
gabīgum (dative feminine plural)
gabīgēm (dative neuter plural)
gabīgum (dative neuter plural)
gabīgēm (instrumental masculine plural)
gabīgum (instrumental masculine plural)
gabīgēm (feminine instrumental plural)
gabīgum (feminine instrumental plural)
gabīgēm (instrumental neuter plural)
gabīgum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: ġiefiġ

Old High German: kepic


audag

audag (masculine nominative singular)
audagu (feminine nominative singular)
audag (neuter nominative singular)
audaganā (accusative masculine singular)
audagā (accusative feminine singular)
audag (accusative neuter singular)
audagas (genitive masculine singular)
audageʀā (feminine genitive singular)
audagas (genitive neuter singular)
audagumē (dative masculine singular)
audageʀē (dative feminine singular)
audagumē (dative neuter singular)
audagu (instrumental masculine singular)
audageʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
audagu (instrumental neuter singular)
audagē (masculine nominative plural)
audagō (feminine nominative plural)
audagu (neuter nominative plural)
audagā (accusative masculine plural)
audagā (accusative feminine plural)
audagu (accusative neuter plural)
audageʀō (genitive masculine plural)
audageʀō (feminine genitive plural)
audageʀō (genitive neuter plural)
audagēm (dative masculine plural)
audagum (dative masculine plural)
audagēm (dative feminine plural)
audagum (dative feminine plural)
audagēm (dative neuter plural)
audagum (dative neuter plural)
audagēm (instrumental masculine plural)
audagum (instrumental masculine plural)
audagēm (feminine instrumental plural)
audagum (feminine instrumental plural)
audagēm (instrumental neuter plural)
audagum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: ēadiġ, ēadeġ

Old Saxon: ōdag

Old High German: ōtag

From Proto-Germanic *audagaz. Equivalent to *aud + *-g.


opanōn

opanōn (infinitive)
opanōnijas (genitive infinitive)
opanōnijē (dative infinitive)
opanōniju (infinitive instrumental)
opanō (first-person present singular)
opanōdā (first-person past singular)
opanōs (present second-person singular)
opanōdēs (past second-person singular)
opanōdōs (past second-person singular)
opanōþ (present singular third-person)
opanōdē (past singular third-person)
opanōdā (past singular third-person)
opanōm (first-person plural present)
opanōdum (first-person past plural)
opanōþ (plural present second-person)
opanōdud (past plural second-person)
opanōnþ (plural present third-person)
opanōdun (past plural third-person)
opanōdī (first-person past singular)
opanōdī (past second-person singular)
opanō (present singular third-person)
opanōdī (past singular third-person)
opanōdīm (first-person past plural)
opanōdīd (past plural second-person)
opanōn (plural present third-person)
opanōdīn (past plural third-person)
opanō (present singular)
opanōþ (plural present)
opanōndī (participle present)
opanōd (participle past)

Old English: openian

Middle English: openen

English: open

Scots: apen

Old Frisian: epenia

Saterland Frisian: epenje, eepenje

West Frisian: iepenje

Old Saxon: opanōn

desc

Middle Low German: ȫpenen, ōpenen, āpenen, ōpenen, öppenen, uppenen

desctree

Old Dutch: opanon
Middle Dutch: ōpenen
Dutch: openen
Afrikaans: open
Negerhollands: open, hopo
Limburgish: aope

Old High German: offanōn

Middle High German: offenen

German: öffnen

Yiddish: עפֿענען (efenen)

From Proto-Germanic *upanōną. Equivalent to *opan (“open”) + *-ōn.


andijalaus

andijalaus (masculine nominative singular)
andijalausu (feminine nominative singular)
andijalaus (neuter nominative singular)
andijalausanā (accusative masculine singular)
andijalausā (accusative feminine singular)
andijalaus (accusative neuter singular)
andijalausas (genitive masculine singular)
andijalauseʀā (feminine genitive singular)
andijalausas (genitive neuter singular)
andijalausumē (dative masculine singular)
andijalauseʀē (dative feminine singular)
andijalausumē (dative neuter singular)
andijalausu (instrumental masculine singular)
andijalauseʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
andijalausu (instrumental neuter singular)
andijalausē (masculine nominative plural)
andijalausō (feminine nominative plural)
andijalausu (neuter nominative plural)
andijalausā (accusative masculine plural)
andijalausā (accusative feminine plural)
andijalausu (accusative neuter plural)
andijalauseʀō (genitive masculine plural)
andijalauseʀō (feminine genitive plural)
andijalauseʀō (genitive neuter plural)
andijalausēm (dative masculine plural)
andijalausum (dative masculine plural)
andijalausēm (dative feminine plural)
andijalausum (dative feminine plural)
andijalausēm (dative neuter plural)
andijalausum (dative neuter plural)
andijalausēm (instrumental masculine plural)
andijalausum (instrumental masculine plural)
andijalausēm (feminine instrumental plural)
andijalausum (feminine instrumental plural)
andijalausēm (instrumental neuter plural)
andijalausum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: endelēas

Middle English: endeles

Scots: endles, endless

English: endless

Old Frisian: *endelās

Saterland Frisian: eendloos

West Frisian: einleas

Old Saxon: endilōs

Middle Low German: endelôs, ēndelôs

German Low German: endlos

Old Dutch: *endilōs

Middle Dutch: endelôos

Dutch: eindeloos

Afrikaans: eindeloos

Old High German: endilōs

Middle High German: endelos

German: endlos

From Proto-Germanic *andijalausaz. Equivalent to *andī + *-laus.


sidīg

sidīg (masculine nominative singular)
sidīgu (feminine nominative singular)
sidīg (neuter nominative singular)
sidīganā (accusative masculine singular)
sidīgā (accusative feminine singular)
sidīg (accusative neuter singular)
sidīgas (genitive masculine singular)
sidīgeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
sidīgas (genitive neuter singular)
sidīgumē (dative masculine singular)
sidīgeʀē (dative feminine singular)
sidīgumē (dative neuter singular)
sidīgu (instrumental masculine singular)
sidīgeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
sidīgu (instrumental neuter singular)
sidīgē (masculine nominative plural)
sidīgō (feminine nominative plural)
sidīgu (neuter nominative plural)
sidīgā (accusative masculine plural)
sidīgā (accusative feminine plural)
sidīgu (accusative neuter plural)
sidīgeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
sidīgeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
sidīgeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
sidīgēm (dative masculine plural)
sidīgum (dative masculine plural)
sidīgēm (dative feminine plural)
sidīgum (dative feminine plural)
sidīgēm (dative neuter plural)
sidīgum (dative neuter plural)
sidīgēm (instrumental masculine plural)
sidīgum (instrumental masculine plural)
sidīgēm (feminine instrumental plural)
sidīgum (feminine instrumental plural)
sidīgēm (instrumental neuter plural)
sidīgum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Saxon: *sidig

Middle Low German: sēdich

Old Dutch: *sidig

Middle Dutch: sēdich

Dutch: zedig

Afrikaans: sedig

Old High German: sitīg

Middle High German: sitic

German: sittig

From Proto-Germanic *sidugaz. Equivalent to *sidu + *-g.


habīg

habīg (masculine nominative singular)
habīgu (feminine nominative singular)
habīg (neuter nominative singular)
habīganā (accusative masculine singular)
habīgā (accusative feminine singular)
habīg (accusative neuter singular)
habīgas (genitive masculine singular)
habīgeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
habīgas (genitive neuter singular)
habīgumē (dative masculine singular)
habīgeʀē (dative feminine singular)
habīgumē (dative neuter singular)
habīgu (instrumental masculine singular)
habīgeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
habīgu (instrumental neuter singular)
habīgē (masculine nominative plural)
habīgō (feminine nominative plural)
habīgu (neuter nominative plural)
habīgā (accusative masculine plural)
habīgā (accusative feminine plural)
habīgu (accusative neuter plural)
habīgeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
habīgeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
habīgeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
habīgēm (dative masculine plural)
habīgum (dative masculine plural)
habīgēm (dative feminine plural)
habīgum (dative feminine plural)
habīgēm (dative neuter plural)
habīgum (dative neuter plural)
habīgēm (instrumental masculine plural)
habīgum (instrumental masculine plural)
habīgēm (feminine instrumental plural)
habīgum (feminine instrumental plural)
habīgēm (instrumental neuter plural)
habīgum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: hefiġ, hæfiġ, hefeġ
Middle English: heviȝ, hevy
English: heavy
Sranan Tongo: hebi
Scots: hivie, hevy, havy

Old Saxon: heƀig, hevig

Middle Low German: hēvich

Low German: hevig

Old Dutch: hevig

Middle Dutch: hēvich

Dutch: hevig

Afrikaans: hewig

Old High German: hebīg, *hefīg, *hevīg

Middle High German: hevec, *hebig

Cimbrian: hévig

German: hebig


mōdag

mōdag (masculine nominative singular)
mōdagu (feminine nominative singular)
mōdag (neuter nominative singular)
mōdaganā (accusative masculine singular)
mōdagā (accusative feminine singular)
mōdag (accusative neuter singular)
mōdagas (genitive masculine singular)
mōdageʀā (feminine genitive singular)
mōdagas (genitive neuter singular)
mōdagumē (dative masculine singular)
mōdageʀē (dative feminine singular)
mōdagumē (dative neuter singular)
mōdagu (instrumental masculine singular)
mōdageʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
mōdagu (instrumental neuter singular)
mōdagē (masculine nominative plural)
mōdagō (feminine nominative plural)
mōdagu (neuter nominative plural)
mōdagā (accusative masculine plural)
mōdagā (accusative feminine plural)
mōdagu (accusative neuter plural)
mōdageʀō (genitive masculine plural)
mōdageʀō (feminine genitive plural)
mōdageʀō (genitive neuter plural)
mōdagēm (dative masculine plural)
mōdagum (dative masculine plural)
mōdagēm (dative feminine plural)
mōdagum (dative feminine plural)
mōdagēm (dative neuter plural)
mōdagum (dative neuter plural)
mōdagēm (instrumental masculine plural)
mōdagum (instrumental masculine plural)
mōdagēm (feminine instrumental plural)
mōdagum (feminine instrumental plural)
mōdagēm (instrumental neuter plural)
mōdagum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: mōdiġ, modi
Middle English: modi, mody
English: moody

Old Frisian: *mōdich

West Frisian: moedich

Old Saxon: mōdag

Old Dutch: *muodag

Middle Dutch: moedich

Dutch: moedig

Afrikaans: moedig

Old High German: muotag, muotig

Middle High German: muotic

German: mutig

Hunsrik: mutich

⇒ Old High German: einmuotig

Middle High German: einmüetec

German: einmütig

From Proto-Germanic *mōdagaz. Equivalent to *mōd + *-g.


arwīt

arwīt (nominative singular)
arwīti (nominative plural)
arwītu (accusative singular)
arwīti (accusative plural)
arwīti (genitive singular)
arwītō (genitive plural)
arwīti (dative singular)
arwītum (dative plural)
arwīti (instrumental singular)
arwītum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *erit

Saterland Frisian: Aate

West Frisian: eart

Old Saxon: erit, eriwit

desc

Middle Low German: erwete, erwitte, arwete, erwte, erfte, arfte, arvete, ērte

German Low German: Arvte, Arvt

Old Dutch: *erwit, *erewit

Middle Dutch: erwete

desctree

Dutch: erwt
Afrikaans: ertjie
→ Xhosa: i-ertyisi
→ Indonesian: ercis
→ Papiamentu: ert (dated)
→ Sranan Tongo: erki

Old High German: arawīz, araweiz, arawez, areweiz, arewez, arewiz, arewurz, ariwez, arwiz, arwuz, erewiz, erit, erivit, eriwiz, erwez, erwiz, harviz, hereviz
Middle High German: erweiz, erbeiz, arwīs, arwīz, areweiz
Bavarian: Arbaiß
Cimbrian: érbasa
Central Franconian: Ääz, Eerz (Ripuarian), Arwes, Erwes, Erbes, Erres (Moselle Franconian)
Luxembourgish: Ierbes
German: Erbse
Yiddish: אַרבעס (arbes)

From Proto-Germanic *arwīts. Doublet of *erbā (“vetch”).


mahtīg

mahtīg (masculine nominative singular)
mahtīgu (feminine nominative singular)
mahtīg (neuter nominative singular)
mahtīganā (accusative masculine singular)
mahtīgā (accusative feminine singular)
mahtīg (accusative neuter singular)
mahtīgas (genitive masculine singular)
mahtīgeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
mahtīgas (genitive neuter singular)
mahtīgumē (dative masculine singular)
mahtīgeʀē (dative feminine singular)
mahtīgumē (dative neuter singular)
mahtīgu (instrumental masculine singular)
mahtīgeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
mahtīgu (instrumental neuter singular)
mahtīgē (masculine nominative plural)
mahtīgō (feminine nominative plural)
mahtīgu (neuter nominative plural)
mahtīgā (accusative masculine plural)
mahtīgā (accusative feminine plural)
mahtīgu (accusative neuter plural)
mahtīgeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
mahtīgeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
mahtīgeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
mahtīgēm (dative masculine plural)
mahtīgum (dative masculine plural)
mahtīgēm (dative feminine plural)
mahtīgum (dative feminine plural)
mahtīgēm (dative neuter plural)
mahtīgum (dative neuter plural)
mahtīgēm (instrumental masculine plural)
mahtīgum (instrumental masculine plural)
mahtīgēm (feminine instrumental plural)
mahtīgum (feminine instrumental plural)
mahtīgēm (instrumental neuter plural)
mahtīgum (instrumental neuter plural)

desc

Old English: mæhtiġ, meahtiġ, mehtiġ, mihtiġ

Middle English: maȝty, miȝty, myghty, mighti

Scots: michty, mychty

English: mighty

Old Frisian: machtich, mechtich

Saterland Frisian: machtich

West Frisian: machtich

Old Saxon: mahtig

Middle Low German: mechtich

German Low German: machtig

→ Old Norse: mektugr

Danish: mægtig

Swedish: mäktig

Norwegian: mektig

Old Dutch: mahtig

Middle Dutch: machtech

Dutch: machtig

Afrikaans: magtig

Limburgish: mechtig

Old High German: mahtīg, mahtīc

Middle High German: mechtic

German: mächtig

From Proto-Germanic *mahtīgaz. Equivalent to *mahti + *-g.


andawurdijan

andawurdijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
andawurdijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
andawurdijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
andawurdijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
andawurdiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
andawurdidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
andawurdisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
andawurdidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
andawurdidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
andawurdiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
andawurdidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
andawurdidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
andawurdijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
andawurdidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
andawurdiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
andawurdidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
andawurdijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
andawurdidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
andawurdijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
andawurdidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
andawurdijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
andawurdidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
andawurdijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
andawurdidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
andawurdijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
andawurdidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
andawurdijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
andawurdidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
andawurdijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
andawurdidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
andawurdi (class-1 present singular weak)
andawurdiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
andawurdijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
andawurdid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: andwirdan, andwyrdan; andweardian (< andiwerdōn)

Middle English: andwurden

Old Frisian: *antwerda, *antwerdia (< andiwerdōn?)

Saterland Frisian: oantwoudje

West Frisian: antwurdzje

Old Saxon: andwurdian, andwordian, andwordan

Middle Low German: antwurden, antworden

Plautdietsch: antwuaten

→ Polabian: antvardĕt

desctree

Old Dutch: antworden
Middle Dutch: antworden
Dutch: antwoorden
Limburgish: antjwäörje

Old High German: antwurten

Middle High German: antwurten

Cimbrian: aanbórtan

German: antworten

Luxembourgish: äntweren

Yiddish: ענטפֿערן (entfern)

From Proto-Germanic *andawurdijaną. Equivalent to *anda- + *wurdijan.


wlaitōn

wlaitōn (infinitive)
wlaitōnijas (genitive infinitive)
wlaitōnijē (dative infinitive)
wlaitōniju (infinitive instrumental)
wlaitō (first-person present singular)
wlaitōdā (first-person past singular)
wlaitōs (present second-person singular)
wlaitōdēs (past second-person singular)
wlaitōdōs (past second-person singular)
wlaitōþ (present singular third-person)
wlaitōdē (past singular third-person)
wlaitōdā (past singular third-person)
wlaitōm (first-person plural present)
wlaitōdum (first-person past plural)
wlaitōþ (plural present second-person)
wlaitōdud (past plural second-person)
wlaitōnþ (plural present third-person)
wlaitōdun (past plural third-person)
wlaitōdī (first-person past singular)
wlaitōdī (past second-person singular)
wlaitō (present singular third-person)
wlaitōdī (past singular third-person)
wlaitōdīm (first-person past plural)
wlaitōdīd (past plural second-person)
wlaitōn (plural present third-person)
wlaitōdīn (past plural third-person)
wlaitō (present singular)
wlaitōþ (plural present)
wlaitōndī (participle present)
wlaitōd (participle past)

Old English: wlātian

Middle English: wlaten, laiten

English: lait

Scots: wlate


weþru

weþru (nominative singular)
wiþriwi (nominative plural)
weþrō (nominative plural)
weþru (accusative singular)
weþrū (accusative plural)
weþrō (genitive singular)
wiþriwō (genitive plural)
wiþriwi (dative singular)
weþrō (dative singular)
weþrum (dative plural)
weþru (instrumental singular)
weþrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: weþer

Middle English: wether, wethir, wedyr

English: wether, wedder (dialectal)

Scots: weddir, woddir, wadder

Old Frisian: *wether

Saterland Frisian: Weeder, Weer

West Frisian: wear

Old Saxon: wethar, withar

Middle Low German: weder, wedder

German Low German: Weer

Old Dutch: wither

Middle Dutch: wēder, weer

Dutch: weder, weer

Old High German: widar

Middle High German: wider

German: Widder

Luxembourgish: Widder

Yiddish: ווידער (vider)


þuli

þuli (nominative singular)
þulī (nominative plural)
þuli (accusative singular)
þulī (accusative plural)
þulī (genitive singular)
þulljō (genitive plural)
þulī (dative singular)
þulim (dative plural)
þulljum (dative plural)
þulī (instrumental singular)
þulim (instrumental plural)
þulljum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þyle

→ English: thyle (learned)


liþu

liþu (nominative singular)
liþiwi (nominative plural)
liþō (nominative plural)
liþu (accusative singular)
liþū (accusative plural)
liþō (genitive singular)
liþiwō (genitive plural)
liþiwi (dative singular)
liþō (dative singular)
liþum (dative plural)
liþu (instrumental singular)
liþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: liþ
Middle English: lyth, lith, lythe, lithe, lyþ, liþ, liþe, liþthe, liyþe, litht, leth, lethe
English: lith
Scots: lith

Old Frisian: lith, leth

North Frisian: leth, lath, lass

Saterland Frisian: Lid

West Frisian: lid

Old Saxon: lith

Middle Low German: lit

⇒ Middle Low German: gelit

Old Dutch: *lith

Middle Dutch: lit, let

Dutch: lid
Afrikaans: lid
→ Indonesian: lid
Negerhollands: lid, leden, leeden

Old High German: lid
Middle High German: lit
Alemannic German: Lid
German: Lied

⇒ Old High German: gilid

Middle High German: gelit, glit

German: Glied

Luxembourgish: Glidd


walþu

walþu (nominative singular)
walþiwi (nominative plural)
walþō (nominative plural)
walþu (accusative singular)
walþū (accusative plural)
walþō (genitive singular)
walþiwō (genitive plural)
walþiwi (dative singular)
walþō (dative singular)
walþum (dative plural)
walþu (instrumental singular)
walþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: weald, wald
Middle English: wold, wald, walde, weld, welde, wolde, woolde, wæld (Early Middle English)
English: wold, weald, wald
Scots: wald

Old Frisian: wald

Saterland Frisian: Woold

West Frisian: wâld

Old Saxon: wald
Middle Low German: wôlt, wôld
Dutch Low Saxon: woold, woud
German Low German: Woolt, Woold, Wold
Plautdietsch: Woolt

Old Dutch: walt
Middle Dutch: wout
Dutch: woud
Limburgish: waadj

Old High German: wald
Middle High German: walt
Alemannic German: Wald
Swabian: Wald
Bavarian: Woid, Woold
Cimbrian: balt
Mòcheno: bòlt
Central Franconian: Wald (widely obsolete)
Hunsrik: Wald
Luxembourgish: Wal
German: Wald
Rhine Franconian: Wald, Wall
Frankfurterisch: [valt]
Yiddish: וואַלד (vald)

→ Old French: gaut (“forest, woods”)

⇒ Old French: gaudine

→ Piedmontese: vaoda, vaode


þuldi

þuldi (nominative singular)
þuldī (nominative plural)
þuldi (accusative singular)
þuldī (accusative plural)
þuldī (genitive singular)
þuldijō (genitive plural)
þuldī (dative singular)
þuldim (dative plural)
þuldijum (dative plural)
þuldī (instrumental singular)
þuldim (instrumental plural)
þuldijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þyld

Middle English: þild, thild

Old Saxon: thuld

Middle Low German: dult

Old High German: dult

Middle High German: dult

German: Dult

the ability to bear; endurance; patience


balþī

balþī (nominative singular)
balþīn (accusative singular)
balþīn (genitive singular)
balþīn (dative singular)
balþīn (instrumental singular)

desc

Old English: bieldu, bieldo, byldu, beldo, bældo

Middle English: bēld, bēlde

desctree

Old High German: baldī, beldī
Middle High German: belde
(German: in Bälde)

From Proto-Germanic *balþį̄. Equivalent to *balþ (“bold”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).


þrimman

þrimman (infinitive)
þrimmannjas (genitive infinitive)
þrimmannjē (dative infinitive)
þrimmannju (infinitive instrumental)
þrimmu (first-person present singular)
þramm (first-person past singular)
þrimmiʀi (present second-person singular)
þrummī (past second-person singular)
þrimmidi (present singular third-person)
þramm (past singular third-person)
þrimmum (first-person plural present)
þrummum (first-person past plural)
þrimmid (plural present second-person)
þrummud (past plural second-person)
þrimmand (plural present third-person)
þrummun (past plural third-person)
þrimmē (first-person present singular)
þrummī (first-person past singular)
þrimmēs (present second-person singular)
þrimmē (present singular third-person)
þrummī (past singular third-person)
þrimmēm (first-person plural present)
þrummīm (first-person past plural)
þrimmēþ (plural present second-person)
þrummīd (past plural second-person)
þrimmēn (plural present third-person)
þrummīn (past plural third-person)
þrimm (present singular)
þrimmid (plural present)
þrimmandī (participle present)
þrumman (participle past)

Old Saxon: thrimman


gaþuldi

gaþuldi (nominative singular)
gaþuldī (nominative plural)
gaþuldi (accusative singular)
gaþuldī (accusative plural)
gaþuldī (genitive singular)
gaþuldijō (genitive plural)
gaþuldī (dative singular)
gaþuldim (dative plural)
gaþuldijum (dative plural)
gaþuldī (instrumental singular)
gaþuldim (instrumental plural)
gaþuldijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġeþyld

Old Saxon: githuld

Middle Low German: *gedult

German Low German: Geduld

Old Dutch: gethult

Middle Dutch: gedult, geduld, gedout

Dutch: geduld

desc

Old High German: githult, kidult, gedult

Old High German: gedult

German: Geduld


felþu

felþu (nominative singular)
filþiwi (nominative plural)
felþō (nominative plural)
felþu (accusative singular)
felþū (accusative plural)
felþō (genitive singular)
filþiwō (genitive plural)
filþiwi (dative singular)
felþō (dative singular)
felþum (dative plural)
felþu (instrumental singular)
felþum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: feld
Middle English: feld, feeld
English: field
Scots: feld, feild

Old Frisian: feld n

North Frisian: fjild

Saterland Frisian: Fäild

West Frisian: fjild

Old Saxon: feld n

Middle Low German: velt

German Low German: Feld

Low German: feld

Plautdietsch: Felt

→ Danish: felt

→ Icelandic: felt

→ Norwegian: felt

→ Swedish: fält

Old Dutch: felt
Middle Dutch: velt
Dutch: veld
Afrikaans: veld
→ English: veld
Negerhollands: veld
→ Caribbean Javanese: fèlt

Old High German: feld n

Middle High German: vëlt

Alemannic German: Fald

Swabian: Fäld

Bavarian: Fejd

Cimbrian:

Mòcheno: vèlt

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Feld

Luxembourgish: Feld

East Central German:

Upper Saxon German:

Vilamovian: fald

East Franconian:

German: Feld

Rhine Franconian: Fald, Feld, Fell

Frankfurterisch: [fɛlt]

Yiddish: פֿעלד (feld)


swīman

swīman (infinitive)
swīmannjas (genitive infinitive)
swīmannjē (dative infinitive)
swīmannju (infinitive instrumental)
swīmu (first-person present singular)
swaim (first-person past singular)
swīmiʀi (present second-person singular)
swimī (past second-person singular)
swīmidi (present singular third-person)
swaim (past singular third-person)
swīmum (first-person plural present)
swimum (first-person past plural)
swīmid (plural present second-person)
swimud (past plural second-person)
swīmand (plural present third-person)
swimun (past plural third-person)
swīmē (first-person present singular)
swimī (first-person past singular)
swīmēs (present second-person singular)
swīmē (present singular third-person)
swimī (past singular third-person)
swīmēm (first-person plural present)
swimīm (first-person past plural)
swīmēþ (plural present second-person)
swimīd (past plural second-person)
swīmēn (plural present third-person)
swimīn (past plural third-person)
swīm (present singular)
swīmid (plural present)
swīmandī (participle present)
swiman (participle past)

Old Frisian: *swīma

West Frisian: swime, swymje

⇒ Old Frisian: biswīma

Old Saxon: *swīman

Middle Low German: swīmen

Old Dutch: *swīman

Middle Dutch: swimen

Dutch: zwijmen

Old High German: *swīman

Middle High German: swīmen


þuldijan

þuldijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
þuldijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
þuldijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
þuldijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
þuldiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
þuldidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
þuldisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
þuldidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þuldidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þuldiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
þuldidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þuldidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þuldijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
þuldidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
þuldiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
þuldidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
þuldijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
þuldidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
þuldijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
þuldidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
þuldijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
þuldidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þuldijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
þuldidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þuldijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
þuldidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
þuldijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
þuldidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
þuldijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
þuldidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
þuldi (class-1 present singular weak)
þuldiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
þuldijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
þuldid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *þyldian, *þyldgian

⇒ Old English: geþyldian, geþyldgian

Middle English: þilgen

Old Frisian: thelda, thielda

Old Saxon: *thulden

Middle Low German: dulden

Old High German: dulten

desc

Middle High German: dulten, dulden, dolden

German: dulden

→ Middle Dutch: dulden

Dutch: dulden

From *þuldi (“tolerance, patience, endurance”) + *-jan.


mār

mār (masculine nominative singular)
māru (feminine nominative singular)
mār (neuter nominative singular)
māranā (accusative masculine singular)
mārā (accusative feminine singular)
mār (accusative neuter singular)
māras (genitive masculine singular)
māreʀā (feminine genitive singular)
māras (genitive neuter singular)
mārumē (dative masculine singular)
māreʀē (dative feminine singular)
mārumē (dative neuter singular)
māru (instrumental masculine singular)
māreʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
māru (instrumental neuter singular)
mārē (masculine nominative plural)
mārō (feminine nominative plural)
māru (neuter nominative plural)
mārā (accusative masculine plural)
mārā (accusative feminine plural)
māru (accusative neuter plural)
māreʀō (genitive masculine plural)
māreʀō (feminine genitive plural)
māreʀō (genitive neuter plural)
mārēm (dative masculine plural)
mārum (dative masculine plural)
mārēm (dative feminine plural)
mārum (dative feminine plural)
mārēm (dative neuter plural)
mārum (dative neuter plural)
mārēm (instrumental masculine plural)
mārum (instrumental masculine plural)
mārēm (feminine instrumental plural)
mārum (feminine instrumental plural)
mārēm (instrumental neuter plural)
mārum (instrumental neuter plural)

Not directly attested in any daughter languages. Instead, see *mārī.


māriþu

māriþu (nominative singular)
māriþō (nominative plural)
māriþā (accusative singular)
māriþā (accusative plural)
māriþā (genitive singular)
māriþō (genitive plural)
māriþē (dative singular)
māriþōm (dative plural)
māriþum (dative plural)
māriþu (instrumental singular)
māriþōm (instrumental plural)
māriþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: mǣrþo, mǣrþu, mǣrþ

Middle English: merthe

Old Saxon: māritha, mārtha

Old Dutch: māritha

Old High German: mārida

From Proto-Germanic *mēriþō. Equivalent to *mār (“famous”) + *-iþu.


gunþifanō

gunþifanō (nominative singular)
gunþifanan (nominative plural)
gunþifanan (accusative singular)
gunþifanan (accusative plural)
gunþifanini (genitive singular)
gunþifanan (genitive singular)
gunþifananō (genitive plural)
gunþifanini (dative singular)
gunþifanan (dative singular)
gunþifanum (dative plural)
gunþifanini (instrumental singular)
gunþifanan (instrumental singular)
gunþifanum (instrumental plural)

Old English: gūþfana

Old Saxon: gūthfano

Old High German: gundfano

desctree

→ Old French: gonfanon
French: gonfanon
→ Middle Dutch: gonfanoen
Dutch: gonfanon
→ Middle English: gonfanon
English: gonfanon

From Proto-Germanic *gunþifanô. Equivalent to *gunþi + *fanō.


mārijan

mārijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
mārijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
mārijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
mārijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
māriju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
māridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
mārisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
māridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
māridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
māriþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
māridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
māridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
mārijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
māridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
māriþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
māridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
mārijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
māridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
mārijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
māridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
mārijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
māridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
mārijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
māridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
mārijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
māridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
mārijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
māridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
mārijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
māridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
māri (class-1 present singular weak)
māriþ (class-1 plural present weak)
mārijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
mārid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: mǣran

Old Saxon: mārian

Old Dutch: *māren

Middle Dutch: maren, vermaren

Dutch: vermaren (vermaard)

Old High German: māren

From Proto-Germanic *mērijaną. Equivalent to *mār (“famous”) + *-jan.


raunu

raunu (nominative singular)
raunō (nominative plural)
raunā (accusative singular)
raunā (accusative plural)
raunā (genitive singular)
raunō (genitive plural)
raunē (dative singular)
raunōm (dative plural)
raunum (dative plural)
raunu (instrumental singular)
raunōm (instrumental plural)
raunum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: rān


andasakan

andasakan (infinitive)
andasakannjas (genitive infinitive)
andasakannjē (dative infinitive)
andasakannju (infinitive instrumental)
andasaku (first-person present singular)
andasōk (first-person past singular)
andasakiʀi (present second-person singular)
andasōkī (past second-person singular)
andasakidi (present singular third-person)
andasōk (past singular third-person)
andasakum (first-person plural present)
andasōkum (first-person past plural)
andasakid (plural present second-person)
andasōkud (past plural second-person)
andasakand (plural present third-person)
andasōkun (past plural third-person)
andasakē (first-person present singular)
andasōkī (first-person past singular)
andasakēs (present second-person singular)
andasakē (present singular third-person)
andasōkī (past singular third-person)
andasakēm (first-person plural present)
andasōkīm (first-person past plural)
andasakēþ (plural present second-person)
andasōkīd (past plural second-person)
andasakēn (plural present third-person)
andasōkīn (past plural third-person)
andasak (present singular)
andasakid (plural present)
andasakandī (participle present)
andasakan (participle past)

Old English: onsacan

Old Saxon: andsakan

From Proto-Germanic *andasakaną. Equivalent to *anda- + *sakan.

(North Sea Germanic) to speak against, refute


sniumijan

sniumijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
sniumijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
sniumijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
sniumijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
sniumiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
sniumidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sniumisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
sniumidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sniumidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sniumiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
sniumidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sniumidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sniumijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
sniumidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sniumiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
sniumidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
sniumijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
sniumidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sniumijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
sniumidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
sniumijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
sniumidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
sniumijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
sniumidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
sniumijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
sniumidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
sniumijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
sniumidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
sniumijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
sniumidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
sniumi (class-1 present singular weak)
sniumiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
sniumijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
sniumid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: *sniumen

Middle Low German: gesniumen

Old High German: sniumen

From Proto-Germanic *sniumijaną. Equivalent to *sniumī (“hasty, fast”) + *-jan.


garūnī

garūnī (nominative singular)
garūniju (nominative plural)
garūnī (accusative singular)
garūniju (accusative plural)
garūnijas (genitive singular)
garūnijō (genitive plural)
garūnijē (dative singular)
garūnijum (dative plural)
garūniju (instrumental singular)
garūnijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġerȳne

Middle English: irīne, *yrīne, ʒerīnu (pl.)

Old High German: *girūni

Middle High German: gerūne, geriune

German: Geraune

From Proto-Germanic *garūniją. Equivalent to *ga- + *rūnu (“secret, mystery”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).


hrītan

hrītan (infinitive)
hrītannjas (genitive infinitive)
hrītannjē (dative infinitive)
hrītannju (infinitive instrumental)
hrītu (first-person present singular)
hrait (first-person past singular)
hrītiʀi (present second-person singular)
hritī (past second-person singular)
hrītidi (present singular third-person)
hrait (past singular third-person)
hrītum (first-person plural present)
hritum (first-person past plural)
hrītid (plural present second-person)
hritud (past plural second-person)
hrītand (plural present third-person)
hritun (past plural third-person)
hrītē (first-person present singular)
hritī (first-person past singular)
hrītēs (present second-person singular)
hrītē (present singular third-person)
hritī (past singular third-person)
hrītēm (first-person plural present)
hritīm (first-person past plural)
hrītēþ (plural present second-person)
hritīd (past plural second-person)
hrītēn (plural present third-person)
hritīn (past plural third-person)
hrīt (present singular)
hrītid (plural present)
hrītandī (participle present)
hritan (participle past)

Old Frisian: *hrīta

Saterland Frisian: riete

West Frisian: rite

Old Saxon: hrītan

Middle Low German: rîten

German Low German: rieten

Low German: rīten

desctree

Old Dutch: *rītan
Middle Dutch: riten
Dutch: rijten
Limburgish: riete

Old High German: rīzan

Middle High German: rīzen

German: reißen

Luxembourgish: räissen


garūnō

garūnō (nominative singular)
garūnan (nominative plural)
garūnan (accusative singular)
garūnan (accusative plural)
garūnini (genitive singular)
garūnan (genitive singular)
garūnanō (genitive plural)
garūnini (dative singular)
garūnan (dative singular)
garūnum (dative plural)
garūnini (instrumental singular)
garūnan (instrumental singular)
garūnum (instrumental plural)

Old English: gerūna

Old High German: girūno

Dutch: ruiner, from Middle Dutch runer

From Proto-Germanic *garūnô, equivalent to *ga- + *rūnō.


þrūþi

þrūþi (nominative singular)
þrūþī (nominative plural)
þrūþi (accusative singular)
þrūþī (accusative plural)
þrūþī (genitive singular)
þrūþijō (genitive plural)
þrūþī (dative singular)
þrūþim (dative plural)
þrūþijum (dative plural)
þrūþī (instrumental singular)
þrūþim (instrumental plural)
þrūþijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þrȳþ
Middle English: thrith, thirth


rīhan

rīhan (infinitive)
rīhannjas (genitive infinitive)
rīhannjē (dative infinitive)
rīhannju (infinitive instrumental)
rīhu (first-person present singular)
raih (first-person past singular)
rīhiʀi (present second-person singular)
rigī (past second-person singular)
rīhidi (present singular third-person)
raih (past singular third-person)
rīhum (first-person plural present)
rigum (first-person past plural)
rīhid (plural present second-person)
rigud (past plural second-person)
rīhand (plural present third-person)
rigun (past plural third-person)
rīhē (first-person present singular)
rigī (first-person past singular)
rīhēs (present second-person singular)
rīhē (present singular third-person)
rigī (past singular third-person)
rīhēm (first-person plural present)
rigīm (first-person past plural)
rīhēþ (plural present second-person)
rigīd (past plural second-person)
rīhēn (plural present third-person)
rigīn (past plural third-person)
rīh (present singular)
rīhid (plural present)
rīhandī (participle present)
rigan (participle past)

Old Frisian: *rīa

West Frisian: riuwe

Old Saxon: *rīhan

Middle Low German: rīhen

Old Dutch: *rīan

Middle Dutch: rien, rigen

Dutch: rijgen

Afrikaans: ryg

Old High German: *rīhan

Middle High German: rīhen

German: reihen


uʀþrot

uʀþrot (nominative singular)
uʀþrotu (nominative plural)
uʀþrot (accusative singular)
uʀþrotu (accusative plural)
uʀþrotas (genitive singular)
uʀþrotō (genitive plural)
uʀþrotē (dative singular)
uʀþrotum (dative plural)
uʀþrotu (instrumental singular)
uʀþrotum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ǣþrot

Old High German: urdruz

Middle High German: urdruz

German: Urdruss


sīpan

sīpan (infinitive)
sīpannjas (genitive infinitive)
sīpannjē (dative infinitive)
sīpannju (infinitive instrumental)
sīpu (first-person present singular)
saip (first-person past singular)
sīpiʀi (present second-person singular)
sipī (past second-person singular)
sīpidi (present singular third-person)
saip (past singular third-person)
sīpum (first-person plural present)
sipum (first-person past plural)
sīpid (plural present second-person)
sipud (past plural second-person)
sīpand (plural present third-person)
sipun (past plural third-person)
sīpē (first-person present singular)
sipī (first-person past singular)
sīpēs (present second-person singular)
sīpē (present singular third-person)
sipī (past singular third-person)
sīpēm (first-person plural present)
sipīm (first-person past plural)
sīpēþ (plural present second-person)
sipīd (past plural second-person)
sīpēn (plural present third-person)
sipīn (past plural third-person)
sīp (present singular)
sīpid (plural present)
sīpandī (participle present)
sipan (participle past)

Old Frisian: sīpa

Old Saxon: *sīpan

Middle Low German: sīpen

Low German: siepen

Old Dutch: *sīpan

Middle Dutch: sipen

Dutch: zijpen

Old High German: *sīfan

Middle High German: sīfen

Central Franconian: siefe, siffe, seife

⇒ Luxembourgish: säifeg


þurstu

þurstu (nominative singular)
þurstiwi (nominative plural)
þorstō (nominative plural)
þurstu (accusative singular)
þurstū (accusative plural)
þorstō (genitive singular)
þurstiwō (genitive plural)
þurstiwi (dative singular)
þorstō (dative singular)
þurstum (dative plural)
þurstu (instrumental singular)
þurstum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þurst, þyrst
Middle English: þurst, thurst, thorst, thirst
English: thirst
Scots: thrist

Old Frisian: thorst

Saterland Frisian: Toarst

West Frisian: toarst

Old Saxon: thurst
Middle Low German: dorst
German Low German: Dörst, Döst
Plautdietsch: Darscht

Old Dutch: thurst

Middle Dutch: dorst
Dutch: dorst
Afrikaans: dors
Negerhollands: dorst, dos, durst
→ Virgin Islands Creole: dos (archaic)

Old High German: thurst, durst

Middle High German: durst

Central Franconian: Dursch

Cimbrian: duarst

East Central German: Durscht (Erzgebirgisch)

German: Durst

Luxembourgish: Duuscht

Yiddish: דאָרשט (dorsht)


þrukkijan

þrukkijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
þrukkijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
þrukkijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
þrukkijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
þrukkiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
þrukkidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
þrukkisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
þrukkidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þrukkidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þrukkiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
þrukkidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þrukkidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þrukkijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
þrukkidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
þrukkiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
þrukkidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
þrukkijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
þrukkidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
þrukkijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
þrukkidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
þrukkijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
þrukkidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þrukkijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
þrukkidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þrukkijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
þrukkidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
þrukkijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
þrukkidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
þrukkijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
þrukkidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
þrukki (class-1 present singular weak)
þrukkiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
þrukkijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
þrukkid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: þryċċan
Middle English: thrucchen
English: thrutch (dialectal), druck
Middle English: *threkken
English: thrack

Old Frisian: thretza, thrikka

West Frisian: druwckjen, drukke

Old Saxon: thrukkian
Middle Low German: drücken
German Low German: drücken
→ West Frisian: drukke

Old Dutch: *thrucken

Middle Dutch: drucken
Dutch: drukken
Afrikaans: druk
→ Caribbean Javanese: nggedrig
→ Papiamentu: drùk, druk
Limburgish: drókke, drökke

Old High German: drucchen, drukken, drucchan
Middle High German: drücken, drucken
Bavarian: druckn
Cimbrian: drukhan
German: drücken (“press”), drucken (“print”)
→ Ladin: druché
→ Low German: drucken
→ Polish: drukować
→ Belarusian: друкава́ць (drukavácʹ)
→ Ukrainian: друкува́ти (drukuváty)
→ Yiddish: דרוקן (drukn)
Luxembourgish: drécken
Yiddish: דריקן (drikn)


rūnu

rūnu (nominative singular)
rūnō (nominative plural)
rūnā (accusative singular)
rūnā (accusative plural)
rūnā (genitive singular)
rūnō (genitive plural)
rūnē (dative singular)
rūnōm (dative plural)
rūnum (dative plural)
rūnu (instrumental singular)
rūnōm (instrumental plural)
rūnum (instrumental plural)

Old English: rūn

Middle English: roun

Scots: rune, roun, round

English: roun, round

Old Saxon: rūna

Middle Low German: rûne, rune

Old Dutch: *rūna

Middle Dutch: rune, ruun, ruen; (alruna, alrune)

(Dutch: alruin)

Old High German: rūna

Middle High German: rūne

German: Raune, Rune


uʀþreutan

uʀþreutan (infinitive)
uʀþreutannjas (genitive infinitive)
uʀþreutannjē (dative infinitive)
uʀþreutannju (infinitive instrumental)
uʀþreutu (first-person present singular)
uʀþraut (first-person past singular)
uʀþriutiʀi (present second-person singular)
uʀþrutī (past second-person singular)
uʀþriutidi (present singular third-person)
uʀþraut (past singular third-person)
uʀþreutum (first-person plural present)
uʀþrutum (first-person past plural)
uʀþriutid (plural present second-person)
uʀþrutud (past plural second-person)
uʀþreutand (plural present third-person)
uʀþrutun (past plural third-person)
uʀþreutē (first-person present singular)
uʀþrutī (first-person past singular)
uʀþreutēs (present second-person singular)
uʀþreutē (present singular third-person)
uʀþrutī (past singular third-person)
uʀþreutēm (first-person plural present)
uʀþrutīm (first-person past plural)
uʀþreutēþ (plural present second-person)
uʀþrutīd (past plural second-person)
uʀþreutēn (plural present third-person)
uʀþrutīn (past plural third-person)
uʀþriut (present singular)
uʀþriutid (plural present)
uʀþreutandī (participle present)
uʀþrotan (participle past)

Old English: āþrēotan

Old Saxon: āthriotan

desc

Middle Low German: vordrēten, vordreiten

Old High German: irdriozan, irdruzzen

Middle High German: erdriezen, verdriezen

German: erdrießen (archaic), verdrießen

From Proto-Germanic *uzþreutaną. Equivalent to *uʀ- + *þreutan.


hrōþi

hrōþi (nominative singular)
hrōþī (nominative plural)
hrōþi (accusative singular)
hrōþī (accusative plural)
hrōþī (genitive singular)
hrōþijō (genitive plural)
hrōþī (dative singular)
hrōþim (dative plural)
hrōþijum (dative plural)
hrōþī (instrumental singular)
hrōþim (instrumental plural)
hrōþijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hrēþ

Old Saxon: hrōth-

Old High German: hruod-


rakkjan

rakkjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
rakkjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
rakkjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
rakkjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
rakkju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
rakidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
rakisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
rakidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rakidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rakiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
rakidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rakidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rakkjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
rakidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
rakiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
rakidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
rakkjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
rakidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
rakkjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
rakidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
rakkjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
rakidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rakkjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
rakidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rakkjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
rakidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
rakkjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
rakidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
rakkjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
rakidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
raki (class-1 present singular weak)
rakiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
rakkjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
rakid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: reċċean, reċċan

Middle English: recchen

English: reche, retch

Scots: rak

Old Frisian: reka, retsa

Saterland Frisian: räkke

West Frisian: rekke

Old Saxon: rekkian

Middle Low German: recken

German Low German: recken

Old Dutch: *recken

desctree

Middle Dutch: recken
Dutch: rekken
Afrikaans: rek
Limburgish: rèkke

desc

Old High German: recchen, reckian, recken

Middle High German: recken, reken

German: recken

From Proto-Germanic *rakjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃roǵéyeti.


walhisk

walhisk (masculine nominative singular)
walhisku (feminine nominative singular)
walhisk (neuter nominative singular)
walhiskanā (accusative masculine singular)
walhiskā (accusative feminine singular)
walhisk (accusative neuter singular)
walhiskas (genitive masculine singular)
walhiskeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
walhiskas (genitive neuter singular)
walhiskumē (dative masculine singular)
walhiskeʀē (dative feminine singular)
walhiskumē (dative neuter singular)
walhisku (instrumental masculine singular)
walhiskeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
walhisku (instrumental neuter singular)
walhiskē (masculine nominative plural)
walhiskō (feminine nominative plural)
walhisku (neuter nominative plural)
walhiskā (accusative masculine plural)
walhiskā (accusative feminine plural)
walhisku (accusative neuter plural)
walhiskeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
walhiskeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
walhiskeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
walhiskēm (dative masculine plural)
walhiskum (dative masculine plural)
walhiskēm (dative feminine plural)
walhiskum (dative feminine plural)
walhiskēm (dative neuter plural)
walhiskum (dative neuter plural)
walhiskēm (instrumental masculine plural)
walhiskum (instrumental masculine plural)
walhiskēm (feminine instrumental plural)
walhiskum (feminine instrumental plural)
walhiskēm (instrumental neuter plural)
walhiskum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: wǣlisċ, wēlisċ, wīlisċ, wȳlisċ, wīelisċ

Middle English: Walsch, Welische

Scots: Welsche, Welch

English: Welsh, Welch

→ Dutch: Wels

Old Dutch: *walisc

Middle Dutch: walsch, *wāalsch

Dutch: waals, Waals

Old High German: walask, walahisk, welisk

Middle High German: welisc

Alemannic German:

Italian Walser: wälsch, wailsch, walts, wältsch

Bavarian:

Mòcheno: balsch

Cimbrian: bèllos, belisch, belesch

German: welsch

Yiddish: וועליש (velish)

→ English: Vellish

→ Old French: gualeis, walois

Middle French: gaulois

French: gaulois

From Proto-Germanic *walhiskaz. Equivalent to *walh + *-isk.


grīsan

grīsan (infinitive)
grīsannjas (genitive infinitive)
grīsannjē (dative infinitive)
grīsannju (infinitive instrumental)
grīsu (first-person present singular)
grais (first-person past singular)
grīsiʀi (present second-person singular)
griʀī (past second-person singular)
grīsidi (present singular third-person)
grais (past singular third-person)
grīsum (first-person plural present)
griʀum (first-person past plural)
grīsid (plural present second-person)
griʀud (past plural second-person)
grīsand (plural present third-person)
griʀun (past plural third-person)
grīsē (first-person present singular)
griʀī (first-person past singular)
grīsēs (present second-person singular)
grīsē (present singular third-person)
griʀī (past singular third-person)
grīsēm (first-person plural present)
griʀīm (first-person past plural)
grīsēþ (plural present second-person)
griʀīd (past plural second-person)
grīsēn (plural present third-person)
griʀīn (past plural third-person)
grīs (present singular)
grīsid (plural present)
grīsandī (participle present)
griʀan (participle past)

desctree

Old English: grīsan
Middle English: grīsen
English: grise

Old Dutch: *grīsan

Middle Dutch: grisen

⇒ Dutch: afgrijzen (obsolete except as gerund)


bōkōn

bōkōn (infinitive)
bōkōnijas (genitive infinitive)
bōkōnijē (dative infinitive)
bōkōniju (infinitive instrumental)
bōkō (first-person present singular)
bōkōdā (first-person past singular)
bōkōs (present second-person singular)
bōkōdēs (past second-person singular)
bōkōdōs (past second-person singular)
bōkōþ (present singular third-person)
bōkōdē (past singular third-person)
bōkōdā (past singular third-person)
bōkōm (first-person plural present)
bōkōdum (first-person past plural)
bōkōþ (plural present second-person)
bōkōdud (past plural second-person)
bōkōnþ (plural present third-person)
bōkōdun (past plural third-person)
bōkōdī (first-person past singular)
bōkōdī (past second-person singular)
bōkō (present singular third-person)
bōkōdī (past singular third-person)
bōkōdīm (first-person past plural)
bōkōdīd (past plural second-person)
bōkōn (plural present third-person)
bōkōdīn (past plural third-person)
bōkō (present singular)
bōkōþ (plural present)
bōkōndī (participle present)
bōkōd (participle past)

Old English: bōcian
Middle English: booken, boken
English: book
Scots: buik, beuk

Old Frisian: bōkia

West Frisian: boekje

Old Saxon: *bōkon

Middle Low German: bôken

German Low German: boken

Old Dutch: *buocon
Middle Dutch: boeken
Dutch: boeken

Old High German: *buohhōn, *buochōn

Middle High German: buochen

From Proto-Germanic *bōkōną. Equivalent to *bōk + *-ōn.


walh

walh (nominative singular)
walhō (nominative plural)
walhōs (nominative plural)
walh (accusative singular)
walhā (accusative plural)
walhas (genitive singular)
walhō (genitive plural)
walhē (dative singular)
walhum (dative plural)
walhu (instrumental singular)
walhum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wealh
Middle English: wælh, wale
→ English: wealh (learned)
→ Medieval Latin: wallus

⇒ Old English: Cornwēalas (“Cornwall”)

Middle English: Cornwale, Cornwaile

English: Cornwall

⇒ Old English: Wēalas (“Wales”) (see there for further descendants)

Old Dutch: *Wala, *Wale

Middle Dutch: wāle

Dutch: Waal

Old High German: walh, walah

Middle High German: walch

German: Walchen pl, Walen pl (in placenames)

→ Vulgar Latin: *Wallō

Walloon: walon, Walon

→ French: wallon, Wallon

→ English: Walloon

→? Proto-Slavic: *volxъ

→ English: Vlach, Wallachia

foreigner, non-Germanic person (a Celt, later also a Roman)


wardu

wardu (nominative singular)
wardō (nominative plural)
wardā (accusative singular)
wardā (accusative plural)
wardā (genitive singular)
wardō (genitive plural)
wardē (dative singular)
wardōm (dative plural)
wardum (dative plural)
wardu (instrumental singular)
wardōm (instrumental plural)
wardum (instrumental plural)

Old English: weard, uueard
Middle English: warde, ward
Scots: ward
English: ward

Old Saxon: warda

Middle Low German: warde

Old Dutch: *warda (in placenames)

Middle Dutch: wāerde

Old High German: warta

Middle High German: warte

German: Warte

→ Medieval Latin: warda (see there for further descendants)


wardēn

wardēn (infinitive)
wardēnijas (genitive infinitive)
wardēnijē (dative infinitive)
wardēniju (infinitive instrumental)
wardē (first-person present singular)
ward?dā (first-person past singular)
wardēs (present second-person singular)
ward?dēs (past second-person singular)
wardēþ (present singular third-person)
ward?dē (past singular third-person)
ward?dā (past singular third-person)
wardēm (first-person plural present)
ward?dum (first-person past plural)
wardēþ (plural present second-person)
ward?dud (past plural second-person)
wardēnþ (plural present third-person)
ward?dun (past plural third-person)
ward?dī (first-person past singular)
ward?dī (past second-person singular)
wardē (present singular third-person)
ward?dī (past singular third-person)
ward?dīm (first-person past plural)
ward?dīd (past plural second-person)
wardēn (plural present third-person)
ward?dīn (past plural third-person)
wardē (present singular)
wardēþ (plural present)
wardēndī (participle present)
ward?d (participle past)

Old English: weardian

Middle English: warden

English: ward

Old Saxon: wardon

Middle Low German: warden, wārden

Old Dutch: wardon

Middle Dutch: warden

Dutch: warden

Old High German: wartēn

Middle High German: warten

Central Franconian: waade, waarde

German: warten

Hunsrik: waarte

Luxembourgish: waarden

Yiddish: וואַרטן (vartn)

→ Early Medieval Latin: wardō (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Germanic *wardāną. Equivalent to *wardu (“protection”) + *-ēn.


wrakkjō

wrakkjō (nominative singular)
wrakkjan (nominative plural)
wrakkjan (accusative singular)
wrakkjan (accusative plural)
wrakkjini (genitive singular)
wrakkjan (genitive singular)
wrakkjanō (genitive plural)
wrakkjini (dative singular)
wrakkjan (dative singular)
wrakkjum (dative plural)
wrakkjini (instrumental singular)
wrakkjan (instrumental singular)
wrakkjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wræċċa, wreċċa

Middle English: wrecche

English: wretch

Scots: wratch, wretch, werch, warch

Old Saxon: wrekkio

Old Dutch: *recko

Middle Dutch: recke

desc

Old High German: *wreccheo, wreccho, hrechjo, reccho, wrecko, recko

Middle High German: reche, recke

→ Middle Low German: recke

German: Recke

→ Medieval Latin: garciō (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Germanic *wrakjô. Equivalent to *wrekan (“to drive out; to persecute”) + *-jō.


wahtu

wahtu (nominative singular)
wahtwō (nominative plural)
wahtwā (accusative singular)
wahtwā (accusative plural)
wahtwā (genitive singular)
wahtwō (genitive plural)
wahtwē (dative singular)
wahtwōm (dative plural)
wahtum (dative plural)
wahtu (instrumental singular)
wahtwōm (instrumental plural)
wahtum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *wacht

Saterland Frisian: Wacht

West Frisian: wacht

desctree

Old Saxon: wahta
Middle Low German: wachte, wacht
German Low German: Wacht
→ Danish: vagt
→ Norwegian: vakt
→ Swedish: vakt
→ Finnish: vahti
→ Ingrian: vahti

Old Dutch: wahta

Middle Dutch: wachte

Dutch: wacht

Old High German: wahta

Middle High German: wahte

Alemannic German: Wacht

⇒ Alemannic German: Biiwacht
→ French: bivouac (see there for further descendants)

German: Wacht
→ Russian: вахта (vaxta) (see there for further descendants)

Luxembourgish: Wuecht

→ Polish: wachta

⇒ Old High German: wahtāri (see there for further descendants)

→ Medieval Latin: wacta (see there for further descendants)


sturjō

sturjō (nominative singular)
sturjan (nominative plural)
sturjan (accusative singular)
sturjan (accusative plural)
sturjini (genitive singular)
sturjan (genitive singular)
sturjanō (genitive plural)
sturjini (dative singular)
sturjan (dative singular)
sturjum (dative plural)
sturjini (instrumental singular)
sturjan (instrumental singular)
sturjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: styria, styriġa, styrġa, styra, stiriġa, stiria
Middle English: store, stor
Scots: stur, sture, stuir

Old Frisian: *sturia, *steria, *storia

Saterland Frisian: Stör

West Frisian: steur

Old Saxon: sturio

Middle Low German: stȫre

German Low German: Stöör

Old Dutch: *sturio

Middle Dutch: stōre, stuere

Dutch: steur

Afrikaans: steur

Limburgish: stjeur

Old High German: sturio, sturo

desc

Middle High German: stür(e), stör(e), stor(e)

German: Stör

→ Medieval Latin: sturio, sturgio (943, Italy) (see there for further descendants)


wōstini

wōstini (nominative singular)
wōstunnjō (nominative plural)
wōstunnjā (accusative singular)
wōstunnjā (accusative plural)
wōstunnjā (genitive singular)
wōstunnjō (genitive plural)
wōstunnjē (dative singular)
wōstunnjōm (dative plural)
wōstunnjum (dative plural)
wōstunnju (instrumental singular)
wōstunnjōm (instrumental plural)
wōstunnjum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: wēsten
Middle English: westen, wæsten

Old Frisian: wēstene, wōstene

North Frisian: woastine

⇒ Saterland Frisian: Wöistenäi

West Frisian: woastine, woastyn

⇒ West Frisian: woastenije

Old Saxon: wōstinnia, wōstunnia

Middle Low German: wôstine

German Low German: Wööste, Wööst

Plautdietsch: Wuste

Old Dutch: *wuostinna

Middle Dutch: woestine, woesten

Dutch: woestijn (stress shift by Romance anology)

Afrikaans: woestyn

desc

Old High German: wuostin, wuostinna, wuastinna

Middle High German: wuostinne, wüestene, wüestin

q

regularly merged with Proto-West Germanic <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmw-pro">*wōstį̄</i>

German: Wüste (regularly merged with Proto-West Germanic *wōstį̄)

→ German Low German: Wüüste, Wüüst

→ Saterland Frisian: Wüüste

Yiddish: וויסט (vist)

→ Medieval Latin: wastina, wastīna (see there for further descendants)


spehōn

spehōn (infinitive)
spehōnijas (genitive infinitive)
spehōnijē (dative infinitive)
spehōniju (infinitive instrumental)
spehō (first-person present singular)
spehōdā (first-person past singular)
spehōs (present second-person singular)
spehōdēs (past second-person singular)
spehōdōs (past second-person singular)
spehōþ (present singular third-person)
spehōdē (past singular third-person)
spehōdā (past singular third-person)
spehōm (first-person plural present)
spehōdum (first-person past plural)
spehōþ (plural present second-person)
spehōdud (past plural second-person)
spehōnþ (plural present third-person)
spehōdun (past plural third-person)
spehōdī (first-person past singular)
spehōdī (past second-person singular)
spehō (present singular third-person)
spehōdī (past singular third-person)
spehōdīm (first-person past plural)
spehōdīd (past plural second-person)
spehōn (plural present third-person)
spehōdīn (past plural third-person)
spehō (present singular)
spehōþ (plural present)
spehōndī (participle present)
spehōd (participle past)

Old Saxon: *spehōn

desc

Middle Low German: spēgen, spējen, spēen, spēn

→ Old Norse: speja, spæja

Icelandic: speja, spæja

Norwegian: speide

Swedish: speja

Danish: spejde

Old Dutch: *spion

Middle Dutch: spien, spieden

Dutch: spieden

Old High German: spehōn, spiohōn, *spihōn (attested in derivative spihāri (“spy”))

Middle High German: spëhen, spēn, *spiehen (attested in derivative spieher (“spy”))

German: spähen

→ Vulgar Latin: *spiō (see there for further descendants)


galaubō

galaubō (nominative singular)
galauban (nominative plural)
galauban (accusative singular)
galauban (accusative plural)
galaubini (genitive singular)
galauban (genitive singular)
galaubanō (genitive plural)
galaubini (dative singular)
galauban (dative singular)
galaubum (dative plural)
galaubini (instrumental singular)
galauban (instrumental singular)
galaubum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: ġeleafa
Middle English: ȝeleafe, ileafe, ȝeleave, ileave, ȝeleve, ileve

Old Frisian: *lāva

North Frisian: louwe, luwe

West Frisian: leauwe

Old Saxon: gilōvo
Middle Low German: gelôve, lôve
German Low German: Gloov, Glööv
Plautdietsch: Gloowen
→ Danish: love
→ Saterland Frisian: Glove

Old Dutch: gilōvo
Middle Dutch: gelôve
Dutch: geloof
Afrikaans: geloof
Negerhollands: geloof, gelovf, gloof

Old High German: giloubo
Middle High German: geloube, gloube
Cimbrian: klóobe
German: Glaube
Hunsrik: Glaave
Luxembourgish: Glawen
Vilamovian: głaowa


skraudu

skraudu (nominative singular)
skraudō (nominative plural)
skraudā (accusative singular)
skraudā (accusative plural)
skraudā (genitive singular)
skraudō (genitive plural)
skraudē (dative singular)
skraudōm (dative plural)
skraudum (dative plural)
skraudu (instrumental singular)
skraudōm (instrumental plural)
skraudum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sċrēad

Middle English: shrede, shred

Scots: screid, skreid, schred, schreid

English: shred

Old Frisian: skrēd

Old Dutch: *scrōda

Middle Dutch: schrôde

Dutch: schroot

Old High German: scrōt

Middle High German: schrōt, schrāt

German: Schrot

Luxembourgish: Schrout

→ Old French: escroe, escrowe, escrouwe

Middle French: escroe

→ Middle English: escrowe, ascrowe

English: escrow

→ Middle English: scrowe, scrouwe

⇒ Middle English: scrowle, scrolle (influenced by rolle)

English: scroll

From Proto-Germanic *skraudō. Equivalent to *skraudan (“to cut up, shred”) + *-u.


þwahilu

þwahilu (nominative singular)
þwahilō (nominative plural)
þwahilā (accusative singular)
þwahilā (accusative plural)
þwahilā (genitive singular)
þwahilō (genitive plural)
þwahilē (dative singular)
þwahilōm (dative plural)
þwahilum (dative plural)
þwahilu (instrumental singular)
þwahilōm (instrumental plural)
þwahilum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þwǣle

Old Saxon: thwahila, thwehila

Middle Low German: dwēle, dweile, twele

German Low German: Twele, Dweel

Old Dutch: *thweila, *thwāla

desc

Middle Dutch: *dweile, dwâle, dwele, dwael

Dutch: dweil, dwaal

Old High German: dwehila, dwahila

Middle High German: dwehele, twehele, dwehel, twehel, twahel, dwēle, twēle, twelle, zwehel, zwechel, zwehele, zwēle

Alemannic German: Zwächele

German: Zwehle, Quehle (from East Central German)

→ Medieval Latin: toallia (see there for further descendants)

→ Old High German: tuallia (reborrowing)


miurijā

miurijā (nominative singular)
miurijōn (nominative plural)
miurijōn (accusative singular)
miurijōn (accusative plural)
miurijōn (genitive singular)
miurijōnō (genitive plural)
miurijōn (dative singular)
miurijōm (dative plural)
miurijum (dative plural)
miurijōn (instrumental singular)
miurijōm (instrumental plural)
miurijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *mīere, *mȳre

Middle English: mire

English: mire

⇒ English: antmire

⇒ Middle English: pissemyre

English: pismire

Old Saxon: miuria

Middle Low German: miere (possibly a loan from Dutch)

German Low German: Miere

Old Dutch: *miura

Middle Dutch: miere

Dutch: mier


lahs

lahs (nominative singular)
lahsō (nominative plural)
lahsōs (nominative plural)
lahs (accusative singular)
lahsā (accusative plural)
lahsas (genitive singular)
lahsō (genitive plural)
lahsē (dative singular)
lahsum (dative plural)
lahsu (instrumental singular)
lahsum (instrumental plural)

Old English: leax

Middle English: lax

Scots: lax

English: lax

Old Saxon: lahs

Middle Low German: las

Old Dutch: *lahs

Middle Dutch: lachs, lasche, lacks, lack

Dutch: las

Old High German: lahs

Middle High German: lahs

German: Lachs

→ German Low German: Lachs

→ Saterland Frisian: Lachs

Yiddish: לאַקס (laks)

→ English: lox


maiwī

maiwī (nominative singular)
maiwijō (nominative plural)
maiwijōs (nominative plural)
maiwī (accusative singular)
maiwijā (accusative plural)
maiwijas (genitive singular)
maiwijō (genitive plural)
maiwijē (dative singular)
maiwijum (dative plural)
maiwiju (instrumental singular)
maiwijum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: mǣw, mēu, mēw, mēau, mēaw
Middle English: mewe, mawe, meau, mowe
English: mew (archaic)
Scots: maw (through confluence with Old Norse form)
→ Old French: maoe, mave, mauve
French: mauve
Old French: moette
French: mouette


gawerpan

gawerpan (infinitive)
gawerpannjas (genitive infinitive)
gawerpannjē (dative infinitive)
gawerpannju (infinitive instrumental)
gawerpu (first-person present singular)
gawarp (first-person past singular)
gawirpiʀi (present second-person singular)
gawurpī (past second-person singular)
gawirpidi (present singular third-person)
gawarp (past singular third-person)
gawerpum (first-person plural present)
gawurpum (first-person past plural)
gawirpid (plural present second-person)
gawurpud (past plural second-person)
gawerpand (plural present third-person)
gawurpun (past plural third-person)
gawerpē (first-person present singular)
gawurpī (first-person past singular)
gawerpēs (present second-person singular)
gawerpē (present singular third-person)
gawurpī (past singular third-person)
gawerpēm (first-person plural present)
gawurpīm (first-person past plural)
gawerpēþ (plural present second-person)
gawurpīd (past plural second-person)
gawerpēn (plural present third-person)
gawurpīn (past plural third-person)
gawirp (present singular)
gawirpid (plural present)
gawerpandī (participle present)
gaworpan (participle past)

Old English: ġeweorpan

Middle English: iwerpen

Old High German: giwerfan

Middle High German: gewërfen

German: gewerfen (archaic)

From Proto-Germanic *gawerpaną. Equivalent to *ga- + *werpan.


dāhwā

dāhwā (nominative singular)
dāhwōn (nominative plural)
dāhwōn (accusative singular)
dāhwōn (accusative plural)
dāhwōn (genitive singular)
dāhwōnō (genitive plural)
dāhwōn (dative singular)
dāhwōm (dative plural)
dāhwum (dative plural)
dāhwōn (instrumental singular)
dāhwōm (instrumental plural)
dāhwum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *dāwe

Middle English: dawe

English: daw

⇒ English: jackdaw

Scots: da, daa, daw

Old Saxon: dāha

Old High German: tāha
Middle High German: tāhe
German: Tach, Dache (dialectal)

Uncertain; perhaps cognate with Old Prussian doacke (“starling”).


raubōn

raubōn (infinitive)
raubōnijas (genitive infinitive)
raubōnijē (dative infinitive)
raubōniju (infinitive instrumental)
raubō (first-person present singular)
raubōdā (first-person past singular)
raubōs (present second-person singular)
raubōdēs (past second-person singular)
raubōdōs (past second-person singular)
raubōþ (present singular third-person)
raubōdē (past singular third-person)
raubōdā (past singular third-person)
raubōm (first-person plural present)
raubōdum (first-person past plural)
raubōþ (plural present second-person)
raubōdud (past plural second-person)
raubōnþ (plural present third-person)
raubōdun (past plural third-person)
raubōdī (first-person past singular)
raubōdī (past second-person singular)
raubō (present singular third-person)
raubōdī (past singular third-person)
raubōdīm (first-person past plural)
raubōdīd (past plural second-person)
raubōn (plural present third-person)
raubōdīn (past plural third-person)
raubō (present singular)
raubōþ (plural present)
raubōndī (participle present)
raubōd (participle past)

Old English: rēafian
Middle English: reven
English: reave (archaic)
Scots: reve, refe, reif

Old Frisian: *rāvia

Saterland Frisian: roowje

West Frisian: rove

Old Saxon: rōbon

Middle Low German: rôven

German Low German: roven

Old Dutch: *rōvon

Middle Dutch: rôven

Dutch: roven

Afrikaans: roof, rowe

Old High German: roubōn

Middle High German: rouben

German: rauben

Luxembourgish: rawen, rowen

→ Late Latin: raubō (see there for further descendants)


uʀwerpan

uʀwerpan (infinitive)
uʀwerpannjas (genitive infinitive)
uʀwerpannjē (dative infinitive)
uʀwerpannju (infinitive instrumental)
uʀwerpu (first-person present singular)
uʀwarp (first-person past singular)
uʀwirpiʀi (present second-person singular)
uʀwurpī (past second-person singular)
uʀwirpidi (present singular third-person)
uʀwarp (past singular third-person)
uʀwerpum (first-person plural present)
uʀwurpum (first-person past plural)
uʀwirpid (plural present second-person)
uʀwurpud (past plural second-person)
uʀwerpand (plural present third-person)
uʀwurpun (past plural third-person)
uʀwerpē (first-person present singular)
uʀwurpī (first-person past singular)
uʀwerpēs (present second-person singular)
uʀwerpē (present singular third-person)
uʀwurpī (past singular third-person)
uʀwerpēm (first-person plural present)
uʀwurpīm (first-person past plural)
uʀwerpēþ (plural present second-person)
uʀwurpīd (past plural second-person)
uʀwerpēn (plural present third-person)
uʀwurpīn (past plural third-person)
uʀwirp (present singular)
uʀwirpid (plural present)
uʀwerpandī (participle present)
uʀworpan (participle past)

Old English: āweorpan

desc

Middle English: aworpen, aweorpen, awerpen, awarpen

Old Frisian: urwerpa

Old Saxon: āwerpan

Old High German: urwerfan, irwerfan

Middle High German: erwerfen

German: erwerfen (archaic)

From Proto-Germanic *uzwerpaną. Equivalent to *uʀ- + *werpan.


nadrā

nadrā (nominative singular)
nadrōn (nominative plural)
nadrōn (accusative singular)
nadrōn (accusative plural)
nadrōn (genitive singular)
nadrōnō (genitive plural)
nadrōn (dative singular)
nadrōm (dative plural)
nadrum (dative plural)
nadrōn (instrumental singular)
nadrōm (instrumental plural)
nadrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: nǣdre, nǣddre

Middle English: naddere, addere

Scots: edder

English: adder; nedder (dialectal)

Old Frisian: *nēdre

Saterland Frisian: Neder

West Frisian: njirre

desctree

Old Saxon: nādra
Middle Low German: nâder, nader, nadder
Low German: Adder
German Low German: Adder
→ Saterland Frisian: Adder

Old Dutch: *nadra

desc

Middle Dutch: nadre, nadder, adre, adder

Dutch: adder

Afrikaans: adder

Limburgish: adder

Old High German: nātara, otter

Middle High German: nātere, nāter, otter

German: Natter, Otter

Luxembourgish: Adder


flauh

flauh (nominative singular)
flauhō (nominative plural)
flauhōs (nominative plural)
flauh (accusative singular)
flauhā (accusative plural)
flauhas (genitive singular)
flauhō (genitive plural)
flauhē (dative singular)
flauhum (dative plural)
flauhu (instrumental singular)
flauhum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: flēah, flēa, flǣh, fleah, flēo
Middle English: fle, flee, flei, fleigh, fley
English: flea (dialectal fleck)
Scots: flech, flaich, fle, flae
Yola: fleen (plural)

Old Frisian: *flā, *flē

Saterland Frisian: Flee

West Frisian: flie

Old Saxon: *flōh, *flō

Middle Low German: vlô

Low German: Flo, Flö, Flau, Flua

Old Dutch: *flō
Middle Dutch: vlô
Dutch: vlo
Limburgish: vlouch

Old High German: flōh, flō

Middle High German: vlōch, vlō

Bavarian: Floach

Cimbrian: vlòach, blòach (Mezzaselva)

Alemannic German: Flo

German: Floh

Luxembourgish: Flou

Yiddish: פֿלוי (floy)


fiskārī

fiskārī (nominative singular)
fiskārijō (nominative plural)
fiskārijōs (nominative plural)
fiskārī (accusative singular)
fiskārijā (accusative plural)
fiskārijas (genitive singular)
fiskārijō (genitive plural)
fiskārijē (dative singular)
fiskārijum (dative plural)
fiskāriju (instrumental singular)
fiskārijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: fisċere

Middle English: fischer, fischare

English: fisher

Scots: fisher

Old Frisian: fisker

Saterland Frisian: Fisker

West Frisian: fisker

Old Saxon: fiskari

Middle Low German: viscer, visser

German Low German: Fisker, Fisser

Plautdietsch: Fescha

Old Dutch: *fiscari

Middle Dutch: visscher

Dutch: visser

Afrikaans: visser

Limburgish: vèsser

Old High German: fiscari

Middle High German: vischære, vischer

German: Fischer

Luxembourgish: Fëscher

Yiddish: פֿישער (fisher)

From Proto-Germanic *fiskārijaz. Equivalent to *fisk + *-ārī.


kranō

kranō (nominative singular)
kranan (nominative plural)
kranan (accusative singular)
kranan (accusative plural)
kranini (genitive singular)
kranan (genitive singular)
krananō (genitive plural)
kranini (dative singular)
kranan (dative singular)
kranum (dative plural)
kranini (instrumental singular)
kranan (instrumental singular)
kranum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *krana

Saterland Frisian: Kroane

West Frisian: kraan

Old Saxon: krano

Middle Low German: krāne, krāen, krān

German Low German: Kraan

Westphalian:

Westmünsterländisch: Kraan

→ Danish: kran

→ Icelandic: kran

q

or from German <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">Kran</i>

→ Estonian: kraan (or from German Kran)

→ Latvian: krāns

→ Norwegian Bokmål: kran

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kran

→ Swedish: kran
→ Finnish: kraana

desctree

Old Dutch: *crano
Middle Dutch: crāne, crāen
Dutch: kraan (see there for further descendants)
Limburgish: kraan
West Flemish: kraan
→ Walloon: cråne

Old High German: krano

Middle High German: krane

German: Kran

Hunsrik: Kraan

Luxembourgish: Krunn

desc

>? Yiddish: (or via Slavic) קראַן (kran)


imbī

imbī (nominative singular)
imbijō (nominative plural)
imbijōs (nominative plural)
imbī (accusative singular)
imbijā (accusative plural)
imbijas (genitive singular)
imbijō (genitive plural)
imbijē (dative singular)
imbijum (dative plural)
imbiju (instrumental singular)
imbijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: imbe, ymbe

Old Frisian: *em, *eme (in derivative emka)

North Frisian: imkönag

Saterland Frisian: Ieme; Imker

West Frisian: ime

Old Saxon: *imbi

Middle Low German: imme; immenkar

Low German: Imm

German Low German: Imme, Imm

Old Dutch: *imbi

Middle Dutch: imme

Dutch: imme

desctree

Old High German: imbi, impi
Middle High German: imbe, impe, imme
German: Imme
Bavarian: Imp

Unknown; possibly related to Ancient Greek ἐμπίς (empís, “mosquito”), Latin apis (“bee”) via a European substrate, though Kroonen rejects the Greek comparison.


hrabn

hrabn (nominative singular)
hrabnō (nominative plural)
hrabnōs (nominative plural)
hrabn (accusative singular)
hrabnā (accusative plural)
hrabnas (genitive singular)
hrabnō (genitive plural)
hrabnē (dative singular)
hrabnum (dative plural)
hrabnu (instrumental singular)
hrabnum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hræfn, hrefn, hræmn, hrem, hremn, hræfen
Middle English: raven, reven, revin
English: raven
Scots: ravin, revin, rawin

Old Frisian: ravan

Saterland Frisian: Roave (possibly from Middle Low German)

West Frisian: raven

Old Saxon: hravan, hraƀan, ravan
Middle Low German: rāven, rāve, rāvene, rāmme
German Low German: Raav, Roov
Westphalian:
Ravensbergisch: Räwe
Lippisch: Rabe
Westmünsterländisch: Raawe, Raabe
Plautdietsch: Rowen

Old Dutch: ravan
Middle Dutch: rāven
Dutch: raaf

Old High German: raban, hraban, hram, ram, rabo, rappo
Middle High German: raben, ram; rabe, rab, rappe, rapp; rauen (plural; Niederrheinisch)
Alemannic German: Rapp
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Raab, Raaf
Luxembourgish: Ramm
German: Rabe
Rhine Franconian: Rab, Ramm, Rapp
Frankfurterisch: [ʀɑːp]
Yiddish: ראָב (rob)


fiskōn

fiskōn (infinitive)
fiskōnijas (genitive infinitive)
fiskōnijē (dative infinitive)
fiskōniju (infinitive instrumental)
fiskō (first-person present singular)
fiskōdā (first-person past singular)
fiskōs (present second-person singular)
fiskōdēs (past second-person singular)
fiskōdōs (past second-person singular)
fiskōþ (present singular third-person)
fiskōdē (past singular third-person)
fiskōdā (past singular third-person)
fiskōm (first-person plural present)
fiskōdum (first-person past plural)
fiskōþ (plural present second-person)
fiskōdud (past plural second-person)
fiskōnþ (plural present third-person)
fiskōdun (past plural third-person)
fiskōdī (first-person past singular)
fiskōdī (past second-person singular)
fiskō (present singular third-person)
fiskōdī (past singular third-person)
fiskōdīm (first-person past plural)
fiskōdīd (past plural second-person)
fiskōn (plural present third-person)
fiskōdīn (past plural third-person)
fiskō (present singular)
fiskōþ (plural present)
fiskōndī (participle present)
fiskōd (participle past)

Old English: fiscian

desc

Middle English: fisshen, fischen, fissen

English: fish

Old Frisian: fiskia

Saterland Frisian: fiskje

West Frisian: fiskje

Old Saxon: fiskon

Middle Low German: vischen

Plautdietsch: feschen

Old Dutch: *fiscon

Middle Dutch: visschen

Dutch: vissen

Afrikaans: vis

Limburgish: vèsse

Old High German: fiskon

Middle High German: vischen

German: fischen

Luxembourgish: fëschen

Yiddish: פֿישן (fishn)

From Proto-Germanic *fiskōną. Equivalent to *fisk (“fish”) + *-ōn.


krabit

krabit (nominative singular)
krabitō (nominative plural)
krabitōs (nominative plural)
krabit (accusative singular)
krabitā (accusative plural)
krabitas (genitive singular)
krabitō (genitive plural)
krabitē (dative singular)
krabitum (dative plural)
krabitu (instrumental singular)
krabitum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: krevit

Middle Low German: krēvet

German Low German: Kreeft, Krefft

Plautdietsch: Kjräft

→ Danish: kræft

→ Norwegian Bokmål: kreft

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kreft

→ Old Swedish: krævet, kræveta

Swedish: kräfta

Old Dutch: *crevet

Middle Dutch: creft, crēvet, crēeft

desctree

Dutch: kreeft
Afrikaans: kreef
Negerhollands: kreeft, greef
→ Papiamentu: kref, kreeft

Limburgish: kreef

→ Norman: crabette, cravette, crevette (possibly)

→ French: crevette

Old High German: krebiz, krebazzo

Old High German: crebiz, krëbez, krebz

Alemannic German: Chräps

German: Krebs
→ Danish: krebs
→ German Low German: Krebs
→ Norwegian Bokmål: kreps
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kreps
→ Saterland Frisian: Krääps
→ Scanian: krævs
→ Yiddish: קרעבס (krebs)

Luxembourgish: Kriibs

→ Old French: crevice, crevez, crevis, crevesce, creveche, creveis, escrevise, escreveice, escreviche (either from a diminutive *krabitjō or from Old High German krebiz)
Middle French: escrevice, escrevisse, escrevisce, crevis, creviche, crevice
French: écrevisse
→ Middle Dutch: crevetse
→ Middle English: crevis, crevyse, creuez, crevez, crevise, creveys, crevesse, krevys
English: crevis; crayfish, crawfish (influenced by fish)