lustusam

lustusam (masculine nominative singular)
lustusamu (feminine nominative singular)
lustusam (neuter nominative singular)
lustusamanā (accusative masculine singular)
lustusamā (accusative feminine singular)
lustusam (accusative neuter singular)
lustusamas (genitive masculine singular)
lustusameʀā (feminine genitive singular)
lustusamas (genitive neuter singular)
lustusamumē (dative masculine singular)
lustusameʀē (dative feminine singular)
lustusamumē (dative neuter singular)
lustusamu (instrumental masculine singular)
lustusameʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
lustusamu (instrumental neuter singular)
lustusamē (masculine nominative plural)
lustusamō (feminine nominative plural)
lustusamu (neuter nominative plural)
lustusamā (accusative masculine plural)
lustusamā (accusative feminine plural)
lustusamu (accusative neuter plural)
lustusameʀō (genitive masculine plural)
lustusameʀō (feminine genitive plural)
lustusameʀō (genitive neuter plural)
lustusamēm (dative masculine plural)
lustusamum (dative masculine plural)
lustusamēm (dative feminine plural)
lustusamum (dative feminine plural)
lustusamēm (dative neuter plural)
lustusamum (dative neuter plural)
lustusamēm (instrumental masculine plural)
lustusamum (instrumental masculine plural)
lustusamēm (feminine instrumental plural)
lustusamum (feminine instrumental plural)
lustusamēm (instrumental neuter plural)
lustusamum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: *lustsum

Middle English: lustsum

English: lustsome

⇒ Old English: lustsumlīċ

Old Saxon: lustsam

Middle Low German: lustsām

Old Dutch: *lustsam, lussam

Old High German: lustsam

desc

Middle High German: lustsam, lussam, lossam

German: lustsam

From Proto-Germanic *lustusamaz. Equivalent to *lustu + *-sam.


friþusam

friþusam (masculine nominative singular)
friþusamu (feminine nominative singular)
friþusam (neuter nominative singular)
friþusamanā (accusative masculine singular)
friþusamā (accusative feminine singular)
friþusam (accusative neuter singular)
friþusamas (genitive masculine singular)
friþusameʀā (feminine genitive singular)
friþusamas (genitive neuter singular)
friþusamumē (dative masculine singular)
friþusameʀē (dative feminine singular)
friþusamumē (dative neuter singular)
friþusamu (instrumental masculine singular)
friþusameʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
friþusamu (instrumental neuter singular)
friþusamē (masculine nominative plural)
friþusamō (feminine nominative plural)
friþusamu (neuter nominative plural)
friþusamā (accusative masculine plural)
friþusamā (accusative feminine plural)
friþusamu (accusative neuter plural)
friþusameʀō (genitive masculine plural)
friþusameʀō (feminine genitive plural)
friþusameʀō (genitive neuter plural)
friþusamēm (dative masculine plural)
friþusamum (dative masculine plural)
friþusamēm (dative feminine plural)
friþusamum (dative feminine plural)
friþusamēm (dative neuter plural)
friþusamum (dative neuter plural)
friþusamēm (instrumental masculine plural)
friþusamum (instrumental masculine plural)
friþusamēm (feminine instrumental plural)
friþusamum (feminine instrumental plural)
friþusamēm (instrumental neuter plural)
friþusamum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Saxon: *frithusam

Middle Low German: vrēdesam

⇒ Old Saxon: frithusamo

Old Dutch: *frithusam

Middle Dutch: vrēdesam

Dutch: vreedzaam

Old High German: fridusam

Middle High German: vridesam

German: friedsam

From Proto-Germanic *friþusamaz. Equivalent to *friþu + *-sam.


ganuhtisam

ganuhtisam (masculine nominative singular)
ganuhtisamu (feminine nominative singular)
ganuhtisam (neuter nominative singular)
ganuhtisamanā (accusative masculine singular)
ganuhtisamā (accusative feminine singular)
ganuhtisam (accusative neuter singular)
ganuhtisamas (genitive masculine singular)
ganuhtisameʀā (feminine genitive singular)
ganuhtisamas (genitive neuter singular)
ganuhtisamumē (dative masculine singular)
ganuhtisameʀē (dative feminine singular)
ganuhtisamumē (dative neuter singular)
ganuhtisamu (instrumental masculine singular)
ganuhtisameʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
ganuhtisamu (instrumental neuter singular)
ganuhtisamē (masculine nominative plural)
ganuhtisamō (feminine nominative plural)
ganuhtisamu (neuter nominative plural)
ganuhtisamā (accusative masculine plural)
ganuhtisamā (accusative feminine plural)
ganuhtisamu (accusative neuter plural)
ganuhtisameʀō (genitive masculine plural)
ganuhtisameʀō (feminine genitive plural)
ganuhtisameʀō (genitive neuter plural)
ganuhtisamēm (dative masculine plural)
ganuhtisamum (dative masculine plural)
ganuhtisamēm (dative feminine plural)
ganuhtisamum (dative feminine plural)
ganuhtisamēm (dative neuter plural)
ganuhtisamum (dative neuter plural)
ganuhtisamēm (instrumental masculine plural)
ganuhtisamum (instrumental masculine plural)
ganuhtisamēm (feminine instrumental plural)
ganuhtisamum (feminine instrumental plural)
ganuhtisamēm (instrumental neuter plural)
ganuhtisamum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: ġenyhtsum

Old Dutch: ginuhtsam

Old High German: ginuhtsam

Middle High German: genuhtsam


kraftu

kraftu (nominative singular)
kraftiwi (nominative plural)
kraftō (nominative plural)
kraftu (accusative singular)
kraftū (accusative plural)
kraftō (genitive singular)
kraftiwō (genitive plural)
kraftiwi (dative singular)
kraftō (dative singular)
kraftum (dative plural)
kraftu (instrumental singular)
kraftum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: cræft m
Middle English: craft, creft
English: craft
Scots: craft

Old Frisian: kreft, kraft f

Saterland Frisian: Kraft

West Frisian: krêft

Old Saxon: kraft m or f
Middle Low German: kraft, kracht
German Low German: Kraft, Kracht
Low German: kraft
Plautdietsch: Krauft

Old Dutch: craft f or m
Middle Dutch: cracht, craft
Dutch: kracht
Afrikaans: krag
Limburgish: krach

Old High German: kraft f or m

Middle High German: kraft

Bavarian: Kråft

German: Kraft

Hunsrik: Kraft

Luxembourgish: Kraaft

Mòcheno: kròft

Vilamovian: kraoft

Yiddish: קראַפֿט (kraft)

From Proto-Germanic *kraftuz. Equivalent to *krafōn (“to implore; to crave; to demand”) + *-þu.


þaisimō

þaisimō (nominative singular)
þaisiman (nominative plural)
þaisiman (accusative singular)
þaisiman (accusative plural)
þaisimini (genitive singular)
þaisiman (genitive singular)
þaisimanō (genitive plural)
þaisimini (dative singular)
þaisiman (dative singular)
þaisimum (dative plural)
þaisimini (instrumental singular)
þaisiman (instrumental singular)
þaisimum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þǣsma

Old Saxon: *thēsimo

Middle Low German: dêsem

Old Dutch: *thēsimo

Middle Dutch: dêsem

Dutch: desem

Old High German: deismo, deisemo

Middle High German: deisme

German: Deisam

Perhaps from Proto-Germanic *þaisimô, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teh₂y- (“to knead”), compare Proto-Celtic *taistos (“dough”), Proto-Slavic *těsto (“dough”), Ancient Greek σταῖς (staîs) ~ σταιτός (staitós, “dough”).


dailijan

dailijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
dailijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
dailijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
dailijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
dailiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
dailidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
dailisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
dailidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
dailidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
dailiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
dailidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
dailidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
dailijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
dailidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
dailiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
dailidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
dailijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
dailidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
dailijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
dailidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
dailijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
dailidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
dailijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
dailidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
dailijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
dailidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
dailijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
dailidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
dailijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
dailidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
daili (class-1 present singular weak)
dailiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
dailijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
dailid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: dǣlan

Middle English: delen

Scots: dele, deil

English: deal

Old Frisian: dēla

Saterland Frisian: deele

West Frisian: diele

Old Saxon: dēlian

Middle Low German: dēlen, deilen

Low German: delen

Plautdietsch: deele

Old Dutch: *deilen, *dēlen, deilon

Middle Dutch: deilen, delen

Dutch: delen

Afrikaans: deel

Old High German: teilen

Middle High German: teilen

German: teilen

Luxembourgish: deelen

From Proto-Germanic *dailijaną. Equivalent to *daili (“part, division”) + *-jan.


hailijan

hailijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hailijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hailijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hailijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hailiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hailidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hailisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hailidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hailidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hailiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hailidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hailidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hailijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hailidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hailiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hailidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hailijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hailidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hailijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hailidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hailijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hailidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hailijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hailidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hailijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hailidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hailijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hailidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hailijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hailidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
haili (class-1 present singular weak)
hailiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hailijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hailid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: hǣlan
Middle English: helen
English: heal
→ Dutch: healen
Scots: heal

Old Frisian: hēla
Saterland Frisian: heila
West Frisian: hielje

Old Saxon: hēlian
Middle Low German: hêlen
Low German: helen

Old Dutch: heilen, *hēlen

Middle Dutch: helen, heilen

Dutch: helen
Afrikaans: heel

Limburgish: heile

Old High German: heilen

Middle High German: heilen

Cimbrian: hailan

German: heilen

Hunsrik: heele

Luxembourgish: heelen

Yiddish: היילן (heyln)

From Proto-Germanic *hailijaną. Equivalent to *hail (“healthy”) + *-jan.


lakkjan

lakkjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
lakkjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
lakkjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
lakkjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
lakkju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
lakidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
lakisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
lakidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
lakidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
lakiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
lakidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
lakidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
lakkjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
lakidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
lakiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
lakidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
lakkjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
lakidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
lakkjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
lakidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
lakkjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
lakidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
lakkjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
lakidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
lakkjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
lakidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
lakkjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
lakidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
lakkjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
lakidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
laki (class-1 present singular weak)
lakiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
lakkjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
lakid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: leċċan

Middle English: *lecchen, *lechen

English: leach

Old Frisian: *letza, lekka

Saterland Frisian: läkke

West Frisian: lekke

Old Saxon: *lekkian

Middle Low German: lecken, legkken

German Low German: lecken

→ Danish: lække

Norwegian Bokmål: lekke

Old Dutch: *lecken

Middle Dutch: lecken

Dutch: lekken

Afrikaans: lek

Old High German: lekken, lecken

Middle High German: lecken

German: lecken


strakkjan

strakkjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
strakkjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
strakkjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
strakkjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
strakkju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
strakidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
strakisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
strakidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
strakidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
strakiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
strakidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
strakidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
strakkjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
strakidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
strakiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
strakidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
strakkjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
strakidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
strakkjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
strakidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
strakkjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
strakidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
strakkjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
strakidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
strakkjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
strakidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
strakkjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
strakidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
strakkjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
strakidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
straki (class-1 present singular weak)
strakiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
strakkjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
strakid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: streċċan
Middle English: streken, *strekken, strecchen; streiȝt, streght, streight
Scots: strek; straucht, straicht
English: stretch; streek, streak, strake (dialectal); straight
→ Esperanto: streĉi

Old Frisian: strekka, strikka, *stritza (in combination)

Saterland Frisian: sträkke

West Frisian: strekke

Old Saxon: *strekkian

Middle Low German: strecken

German Low German: strecken

Low German: streken

→ Icelandic: strekkja

→ Faroese: strekkja

→ Danish: strække

→ Swedish: sträcka

→ Norwegian: strekke

Old Dutch: *strecken
Middle Dutch: strecken
Dutch: strekken
Limburgish: strèkke

Old High German: strekken, strecken

Middle High German: strecken

German: strecken

From *strak (“stretched, straight”) + *-jan.


Rādagunþi

Rādagunþi (nominative singular)
Rādagunþī (nominative plural)
Rādagunþi (accusative singular)
Rādagunþī (accusative plural)
Rādagunþī (genitive singular)
Rādagunþijō (genitive plural)
Rādagunþī (dative singular)
Rādagunþī (instrumental singular)

→ Late Latin: Radegundis [584/87, Vitæ Sanctæ Radegundis]

From Proto-Germanic *Rēdagunþiz. Equivalent to *rād (“counsel”) + *gunþi (“battle”).


Rādawulf

Rādawulf (nominative singular)
Rādawulf (accusative singular)
Rādawulfas (genitive singular)
Rādawulfē (dative singular)
Rādawulfu (instrumental singular)

Old English: Rǣdwulf

Middle English: Radulf

English: Ralph

→ German: Ralf

→ Norwegian: Ralf

→ Swedish: Ralf

Old Saxon: Rādolf

Old Dutch: *Rādolf

Middle Dutch: Radolf

Old High German: Ratolf

→ Old French: Raol, Raoul

French: Raoul

→ Catalan: Raül

→ English: Raoul

→ Portuguese: Raul

→ Spanish: Raúl

From Proto-Germanic *Rēdawulfaz. Equivalent to *rād (“counsel”) + *wulf (“wolf”).

a male given name, equivalent to English Ralph


Hrōþiwulf

Hrōþiwulf (nominative singular)
Hrōþiwulf (accusative singular)
Hrōþiwulfas (genitive singular)
Hrōþiwulfē (dative singular)
Hrōþiwulfu (instrumental singular)

Old English: Hrōþwulf, Hrōþulf

Old Saxon: *Hrōtholf

Middle Low German: Rōdolf, Rōdelof

Old Dutch: *Ruotholf

Middle Dutch: Roedolf, Roelof

Dutch: Roedolf, Roelof, Roel (may also be from Roeland)

Old High German: *Hruodwolf, *Ruodolf

Middle High German: Ruodolf

German: Rudolf, Rudolph, Rudi

→ Dutch: Rudolf, Ruud

→ English: Rudolf, Rudolph, Rudy

desc

→ Medieval Latin: Ruodolfus, Ruodolphus, Rodolphus

Italian: Rodolfo

→ English: Rodolphus

From Proto-Germanic *Hrōþiwulfaz. Equivalent to *hrōþi (“praise, fame”) + *wulf (“wolf”).

af

a male given name, equivalent to English Rudolf or Rudolph


skainijan

skainijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
skainijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
skainijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
skainijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
skainiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skainidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skainisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skainidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skainidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skainiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skainidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skainidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skainijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skainidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skainiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skainidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skainijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skainidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skainijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
skainidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
skainijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
skainidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
skainijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
skainidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
skainijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
skainidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
skainijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
skainidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
skainijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
skainidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
skaini (class-1 present singular weak)
skainiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
skainijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
skainid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: sċǣnan

Old Frisian: skēnia

⇒ Old High German: irskeinen

From Proto-Germanic *skainijaną (to break).


skainijan

Old English: sċǣnan

Middle English: shenen

English: sheen

Old Saxon: *skēnian

Middle Low German: schênen

Old Dutch: skēnen, *skeinen

Middle Dutch: scheinen

Old High German: skeinen

Middle High German: scheinen

From Proto-Germanic *skainijaną (to make shine). The causative to the strong verb *skīnan.


birhtī

birhtī (nominative singular)
birhtīn (accusative singular)
birhtīn (genitive singular)
birhtīn (dative singular)
birhtīn (instrumental singular)

Old English: bierhtu

Middle English: bright

English: bright (archaic or obsolete)

Old High German: berahtī

From Proto-Germanic *birhtį̄. Equivalent to *berht (“bright”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).


swirhijō

swirhijō (nominative singular)
swirhijan (nominative plural)
swirhijan (accusative singular)
swirhijan (accusative plural)
swirhijini (genitive singular)
swirhijan (genitive singular)
swirhijanō (genitive plural)
swirhijini (dative singular)
swirhijan (dative singular)
swirhijum (dative plural)
swirhijini (instrumental singular)
swirhijan (instrumental singular)
swirhijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: swȳra (late)

Middle English: swire, swyre

English: swire (obsolete)

Scots: swire, swyre


daftīg

daftīg (masculine nominative singular)
daftīgu (feminine nominative singular)
daftīg (neuter nominative singular)
daftīganā (accusative masculine singular)
daftīgā (accusative feminine singular)
daftīg (accusative neuter singular)
daftīgas (genitive masculine singular)
daftīgeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
daftīgas (genitive neuter singular)
daftīgumē (dative masculine singular)
daftīgeʀē (dative feminine singular)
daftīgumē (dative neuter singular)
daftīgu (instrumental masculine singular)
daftīgeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
daftīgu (instrumental neuter singular)
daftīgē (masculine nominative plural)
daftīgō (feminine nominative plural)
daftīgu (neuter nominative plural)
daftīgā (accusative masculine plural)
daftīgā (accusative feminine plural)
daftīgu (accusative neuter plural)
daftīgeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
daftīgeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
daftīgeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
daftīgēm (dative masculine plural)
daftīgum (dative masculine plural)
daftīgēm (dative feminine plural)
daftīgum (dative feminine plural)
daftīgēm (dative neuter plural)
daftīgum (dative neuter plural)
daftīgēm (instrumental masculine plural)
daftīgum (instrumental masculine plural)
daftīgēm (feminine instrumental plural)
daftīgum (feminine instrumental plural)
daftīgēm (instrumental neuter plural)
daftīgum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: *dæftiġ

Middle English: daftiȝ

Old Frisian: *deftich

West Frisian: deftich

Old Saxon: *deftig

Middle Low German: deftich

Low German: deftig

Old Dutch: *deftig

Middle Dutch: *deftich

Dutch: deftig

Afrikaans: deftig

→ German: deftig


girnijan

girnijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
girnijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
girnijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
girnijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
girniju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
girnidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
girnisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
girnidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
girnidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
girniþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
girnidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
girnidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
girnijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
girnidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
girniþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
girnidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
girnijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
girnidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
girnijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
girnidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
girnijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
girnidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
girnijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
girnidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
girnijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
girnidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
girnijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
girnidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
girnijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
girnidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
girni (class-1 present singular weak)
girniþ (class-1 plural present weak)
girnijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
girnid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: giernan

Middle English: yernen

English: yearn

Old Saxon: girnian

From Proto-Germanic *girnijaną. Equivalent to *gern (“eager”) + *-jan.


uʀstiupijan

uʀstiupijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
uʀstiupijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
uʀstiupijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
uʀstiupijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
uʀstiupiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
uʀstiupidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
uʀstiupisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
uʀstiupidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
uʀstiupidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
uʀstiupiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
uʀstiupidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
uʀstiupidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
uʀstiupijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
uʀstiupidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
uʀstiupiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
uʀstiupidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
uʀstiupijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
uʀstiupidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
uʀstiupijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
uʀstiupidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
uʀstiupijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
uʀstiupidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
uʀstiupijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
uʀstiupidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
uʀstiupijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
uʀstiupidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
uʀstiupijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
uʀstiupidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
uʀstiupijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
uʀstiupidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
uʀstiupi (class-1 present singular weak)
uʀstiupiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
uʀstiupijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
uʀstiupid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: āstȳpan (late)

Old High German: irstiufen


hlaut

hlaut (nominative singular)
hlautō (nominative plural)
hlautōs (nominative plural)
hlaut (accusative singular)
hlautā (accusative plural)
hlautas (genitive singular)
hlautō (genitive plural)
hlautē (dative singular)
hlautum (dative plural)
hlautu (instrumental singular)
hlautum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hlīet, hlȳte, hlȳt (< *hlutiz)

Middle English: lete

Old Saxon: hlōt

Middle Low German: lôt

Old Dutch: *lōt

Middle Dutch: lôot

Old High German: hlōz, lōz (mostly neuter a-stem)

Middle High German: lōz

German: Los

→ German Low German: Loos

Luxembourgish: Lous


niudi

niudi (nominative singular)
niudī (nominative plural)
niudi (accusative singular)
niudī (accusative plural)
niudī (genitive singular)
niudijō (genitive plural)
niudī (dative singular)
niudim (dative plural)
niudijum (dative plural)
niudī (instrumental singular)
niudim (instrumental plural)
niudijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: nīed, nēod

Old Frisian: niōd

Old Saxon: niud

Old Dutch: *niod

Middle Dutch: niet

Old High German: niot

Middle High German: niet


rād

rād (nominative singular)
rādō (nominative plural)
rādōs (nominative plural)
rād (accusative singular)
rādā (accusative plural)
rādas (genitive singular)
rādō (genitive plural)
rādē (dative singular)
rādum (dative plural)
rādu (instrumental singular)
rādum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: rǣd, rēd — Anglian
Middle English: red, ræd, rede, reed
English: rede
Scots: rede

Old Frisian: rēd

Saterland Frisian: Räid

West Frisian: ried, rie

Old Saxon: rād

Middle Low German: rât

German Low German: Raad

Old Dutch: rāt

Middle Dutch: raet

Dutch: raad
Afrikaans: raad
Negerhollands: raad, raed
→ Aukan: lai
→ Caribbean Hindustani: rái
→ Indonesian: rad

Old High German: rāt

Middle High German: rāt

German: Rat

Luxembourgish: Rot

Yiddish: ראָט (rot)

→ Old Czech: rada
Czech: rada
→ Old Polish: rada
Polish: rada
→ English: rada
→ Kashubian: rada
→ Slovincian: rada
Silesian: rada
→ Old East Slavic: ра́да (ráda)
Old Ruthenian: ра́да (ráda)
Belarusian: ра́да (ráda)
Ukrainian: ра́да (ráda)
Carpathian Rusyn: ра́да (ráda)
Russian: ра́да (ráda)


leusan

leusan (infinitive)
leusannjas (genitive infinitive)
leusannjē (dative infinitive)
leusannju (infinitive instrumental)
leusu (first-person present singular)
laus (first-person past singular)
liusiʀi (present second-person singular)
luʀī (past second-person singular)
liusidi (present singular third-person)
laus (past singular third-person)
leusum (first-person plural present)
luʀum (first-person past plural)
liusid (plural present second-person)
luʀud (past plural second-person)
leusand (plural present third-person)
luʀun (past plural third-person)
leusē (first-person present singular)
luʀī (first-person past singular)
leusēs (present second-person singular)
leusē (present singular third-person)
luʀī (past singular third-person)
leusēm (first-person plural present)
luʀīm (first-person past plural)
leusēþ (plural present second-person)
luʀīd (past plural second-person)
leusēn (plural present third-person)
luʀīn (past plural third-person)
lius (present singular)
liusid (plural present)
leusandī (participle present)
loʀan (participle past)

Old English: *lēosan

Middle English: lesen

English: leese

Scots: lese, leis

Old Frisian: liāsa

Old Saxon: *liosan

Middle Low German: lêsen

Old High German: *liosan

Middle High German: liesen


unhiurī

unhiurī (masculine nominative singular)
unhiuriju (feminine nominative singular)
unhiurī (neuter nominative singular)
unhiurijanā (accusative masculine singular)
unhiurijā (accusative feminine singular)
unhiurī (accusative neuter singular)
unhiurijas (genitive masculine singular)
unhiurijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
unhiurijas (genitive neuter singular)
unhiurijumē (dative masculine singular)
unhiurijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
unhiurijumē (dative neuter singular)
unhiuriju (instrumental masculine singular)
unhiurijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
unhiuriju (instrumental neuter singular)
unhiurijē (masculine nominative plural)
unhiurijō (feminine nominative plural)
unhiuriju (neuter nominative plural)
unhiurijā (accusative masculine plural)
unhiurijā (accusative feminine plural)
unhiuriju (accusative neuter plural)
unhiurijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
unhiurijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
unhiurijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
unhiurijēm (dative masculine plural)
unhiurijum (dative masculine plural)
unhiurijēm (dative feminine plural)
unhiurijum (dative feminine plural)
unhiurijēm (dative neuter plural)
unhiurijum (dative neuter plural)
unhiurijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
unhiurijum (instrumental masculine plural)
unhiurijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
unhiurijum (feminine instrumental plural)
unhiurijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
unhiurijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: unhīere, unhȳre, unhēore

Middle English: unhere, unhire

Old Frisian: *unjiūre

West Frisian: ûnhuer, njoer

Old Saxon: unhiuri

Middle Low German: unhûre

Old High German: unhiuri

Middle High German: unhiure


hiurī

hiurī (masculine nominative singular)
hiuriju (feminine nominative singular)
hiurī (neuter nominative singular)
hiurijanā (accusative masculine singular)
hiurijā (accusative feminine singular)
hiurī (accusative neuter singular)
hiurijas (genitive masculine singular)
hiurijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
hiurijas (genitive neuter singular)
hiurijumē (dative masculine singular)
hiurijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
hiurijumē (dative neuter singular)
hiuriju (instrumental masculine singular)
hiurijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
hiuriju (instrumental neuter singular)
hiurijē (masculine nominative plural)
hiurijō (feminine nominative plural)
hiuriju (neuter nominative plural)
hiurijā (accusative masculine plural)
hiurijā (accusative feminine plural)
hiuriju (accusative neuter plural)
hiurijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
hiurijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
hiurijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
hiurijēm (dative masculine plural)
hiurijum (dative masculine plural)
hiurijēm (dative feminine plural)
hiurijum (dative feminine plural)
hiurijēm (dative neuter plural)
hiurijum (dative neuter plural)
hiurijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
hiurijum (instrumental masculine plural)
hiurijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
hiurijum (feminine instrumental plural)
hiurijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
hiurijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: hēore, hīere, hȳre, hīore, hīre, hēre
Middle English: here, her, hær, harey
English: here

Old Saxon: *hiuri

Middle Low German: hü̂re

Old High German: hiuri


hwirbil

hwirbil (nominative singular)
hwirbilō (nominative plural)
hwirbilōs (nominative plural)
hwirbil (accusative singular)
hwirbilā (accusative plural)
hwirbilas (genitive singular)
hwirbilō (genitive plural)
hwirbilē (dative singular)
hwirbilum (dative plural)
hwirbilu (instrumental singular)
hwirbilum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hwierfel, hwyrfel (late)

gl

merged with Old Norse <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">hvirfill</i>

Middle English: wherwille, whorlwyl, wherl, whirl (merged with Old Norse hvirfill)

English: whirl

Scots: whirl

Old Frisian: hwarvel

Saterland Frisian: Wavel

West Frisian: warrel, warle

Old Saxon: *hwirvil

Middle Low German: wervel

German Low German: Warvel

Old Dutch: *wirvil

Middle Dutch: wervel

Dutch: wervel

Old High German: wirbil

Middle High German: wirbel

German: Wirbel

Hunsrik: Werrvel

Luxembourgish: Wirbel


naudi

naudi (nominative singular)
naudī (nominative plural)
naudi (accusative singular)
naudī (accusative plural)
naudī (genitive singular)
naudijō (genitive plural)
naudī (dative singular)
naudim (dative plural)
naudijum (dative plural)
naudī (instrumental singular)
naudim (instrumental plural)
naudijum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: nīed, nȳd, nēd, nēad
Middle English: nede
English: need
Scots: nede

Old Frisian: nēd, nād

North Frisian: nud

Saterland Frisian: Nood

West Frisian: need

Old Saxon: nōd
Middle Low German: nōt
Westphalian:
Sauerländisch: nôd
Westmünsterländisch: Nood
Plautdietsch: Noot

Old Dutch: *nōd

Middle Dutch: nôot

Dutch: nood

Afrikaans: nood

Limburgish: noead

Old High German: nōt

Middle High German: nōt

German: Not

Luxembourgish: Nout

Yiddish: נויט (noyt)


lį̄htijan

lį̄htijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
lį̄htijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
lį̄htijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
lį̄htijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
lį̄htiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
lį̄htidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
lį̄htisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
lį̄htidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
lį̄htidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
lį̄htiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
lį̄htidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
lį̄htidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
lį̄htijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
lį̄htidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
lį̄htiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
lį̄htidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
lį̄htijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
lį̄htidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
lį̄htijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
lį̄htidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
lį̄htijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
lį̄htidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
lį̄htijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
lį̄htidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
lį̄htijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
lį̄htidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
lį̄htijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
lį̄htidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
lį̄htijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
lį̄htidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
lį̄hti (class-1 present singular weak)
lį̄htiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
lį̄htijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
lį̄htid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: līehtan
Middle English: lihten, liȝten, lighten
English: light
Scots: licht

Old Frisian: līchta

West Frisian: lichte

Old Saxon: *līhtian

Middle Low German: lichten

Old Dutch: *līhten

Middle Dutch: lichten

Dutch: lichten

Old High German: līhten

Middle High German: līhten

From Proto-Germanic *linhtijaną. Equivalent to *lį̄ht (“light (in weight)”) + *-jan.


kliuwīn

kliuwīn (nominative singular)
kliuwīnu (nominative plural)
kliuwīn (accusative singular)
kliuwīnu (accusative plural)
kliuwīnas (genitive singular)
kliuwīnō (genitive plural)
kliuwīnē (dative singular)
kliuwīnum (dative plural)
kliuwīnu (instrumental singular)
kliuwīnum (instrumental plural)

desc

Old English: clīewen, clȳwen, clēowen, clīwen

Middle English: clewen, clewe

English: clew, clue

Scots: clew, cleu, clue, cloo

Old Frisian: *kliāwen

Saterland Frisian: Kljoun

West Frisian: kleaune

Old Saxon: kliuwīn, kleuwīn

Middle Low German: klûwen, klü̂wen, kluwe

German Low German: Kloon

Old Dutch: *cliuwin

Middle Dutch: cluwen, clouwen, clouwe

Dutch: kluwen

Old High German: kliuwīn, kliuwī

Middle Low German: kliuwe


aimuʀjā

aimuʀjā (nominative singular)
aimuʀjōn (nominative plural)
aimuʀjōn (accusative singular)
aimuʀjōn (accusative plural)
aimuʀjōn (genitive singular)
aimuʀjōnō (genitive plural)
aimuʀjōn (dative singular)
aimuʀjōm (dative plural)
aimuʀjum (dative plural)
aimuʀjōn (instrumental singular)
aimuʀjōm (instrumental plural)
aimuʀjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ǣmyrġe

Middle English: eymere

Scots: emmer, amer, aumer

English: ember

Old Saxon: *ēmuria

Middle Low German: ēmere

→? Danish: emmer

Old High German: eimuria

Middle High German: eimere, eimer

German: Eimer, Ammer (dialectal)


stiurijan

stiurijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
stiurijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
stiurijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
stiurijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
stiuriju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stiuridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stiurisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stiuridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stiuridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stiuriþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stiuridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stiuridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stiurijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stiuridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stiuriþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stiuridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stiurijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stiuridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stiurijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
stiuridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
stiurijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
stiuridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
stiurijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
stiuridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
stiurijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
stiuridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
stiurijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
stiuridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
stiurijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
stiuridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
stiuri (class-1 present singular weak)
stiuriþ (class-1 plural present weak)
stiurijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
stiurid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: stīeran

Middle English: steren

Scots: stere, steir

English: steer, besteer

Old Frisian: stiūra, stiōra

Saterland Frisian: stjuure; stjúurje

West Frisian: stjoere

Old Saxon: *stiurian

Middle Low German: stûren

German Low German: stüren

Plautdietsch: stieren

Old Dutch: stiuren

Middle Dutch: sturen, stieren

Dutch: sturen, besturen

Afrikaans: bestuur

West Flemish: stieren

Old High German: stiuren

Middle High German: stiuren

German: steuern


ajukī

ajukī (masculine nominative singular)
ajukiju (feminine nominative singular)
ajukī (neuter nominative singular)
ajukijanā (accusative masculine singular)
ajukijā (accusative feminine singular)
ajukī (accusative neuter singular)
ajukijas (genitive masculine singular)
ajukijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
ajukijas (genitive neuter singular)
ajukijumē (dative masculine singular)
ajukijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
ajukijumē (dative neuter singular)
ajukiju (instrumental masculine singular)
ajukijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
ajukiju (instrumental neuter singular)
ajukijē (masculine nominative plural)
ajukijō (feminine nominative plural)
ajukiju (neuter nominative plural)
ajukijā (accusative masculine plural)
ajukijā (accusative feminine plural)
ajukiju (accusative neuter plural)
ajukijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
ajukijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
ajukijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
ajukijēm (dative masculine plural)
ajukijum (dative masculine plural)
ajukijēm (dative feminine plural)
ajukijum (dative feminine plural)
ajukijēm (dative neuter plural)
ajukijum (dative neuter plural)
ajukijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
ajukijum (instrumental masculine plural)
ajukijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
ajukijum (feminine instrumental plural)
ajukijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
ajukijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: ǣċe, ēċe

Middle English: ece, eche

English: eche

From Proto-Germanic *aiwukiz + *-ī (adjective suffix).

(Anglo-Frisian Germanic) perpetual, eternal


liuhtijan

liuhtijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
liuhtijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
liuhtijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
liuhtijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
liuhtiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
liuhtidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
liuhtisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
liuhtidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
liuhtidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
liuhtiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
liuhtidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
liuhtidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
liuhtijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
liuhtidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
liuhtiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
liuhtidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
liuhtijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
liuhtidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
liuhtijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
liuhtidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
liuhtijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
liuhtidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
liuhtijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
liuhtidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
liuhtijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
liuhtidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
liuhtijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
liuhtidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
liuhtijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
liuhtidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
liuhti (class-1 present singular weak)
liuhtiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
liuhtijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
liuhtid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: līehtan
Middle English: lihten, lighten
English: light
Scots: licht

Old Saxon: liuhtian

Middle Low German: luchten

German Low German: lüchten

→ Polabian: löxtår (“lantern”)

Old Dutch: liuhten

Middle Dutch: luchten

Dutch: luchten (obsolete)

Old High German: liuhten

Middle High German: liuhten

German: leuchten

Yiddish: לײַכטן (laykhtn), Yiddish: לויכטן (loykhtn)

Bavarian: laichdn

From Proto-Germanic *liuhtijaną. Equivalent to *leuht (“light, bright”) + *-jan.


gaduling

gaduling (nominative singular)
gadulingō (nominative plural)
gadulingōs (nominative plural)
gaduling (accusative singular)
gadulingā (accusative plural)
gadulingas (genitive singular)
gadulingō (genitive plural)
gadulingē (dative singular)
gadulingum (dative plural)
gadulingu (instrumental singular)
gadulingum (instrumental plural)

Old English: gædeling, geaduling

desc

Middle English: gadling, gedelyng, gedling

Scots: gedling

English: gadling

Old Saxon: gaduling, *gediling

Middle Low German: gadelink, gedelink, gēdelinc

Old Dutch: *gediling

Middle Dutch: gēdelinc

Old High German: gatuling, gataling, gatiling, *getiling

Middle High German: getelinc, getlinc

From Proto-Germanic *gadilingaz (“kinsman, relative”). Compare Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌹𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (gadiliggs, “kinsman”).


tiunijan

tiunijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
tiunijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
tiunijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
tiunijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
tiuniju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tiunidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tiunisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tiunidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tiunidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tiuniþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tiunidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tiunidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tiunijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tiunidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tiuniþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tiunidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tiunijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tiunidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tiunijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tiunidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tiunijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tiunidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tiunijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tiunidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tiunijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tiunidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tiunijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tiunidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tiunijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tiunidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tiuni (class-1 present singular weak)
tiuniþ (class-1 plural present weak)
tiunijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
tiunid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: tēonian, tīenan, tȳnan

Middle English: tenen, tinen (merged with Old English tēonian and Old Norse týna)

English: teen, tine

Scots: tyne

desctree

Old Frisian: tiūna, tiōna
West Frisian: tsjoene (“to hex, enchant, bewitch; to cast a spell”)

Old Saxon: *tiunian

⇒ Old Saxon: gitiunian


magadīn

magadīn (nominative singular)
magadīnu (nominative plural)
magadīn (accusative singular)
magadīnu (accusative plural)
magadīnas (genitive singular)
magadīnō (genitive plural)
magadīnē (dative singular)
magadīnum (dative plural)
magadīnu (instrumental singular)
magadīnum (instrumental plural)

Old English: mæġden, mǣden
Middle English: mayden, maiden, maidene, medene, maden, madane, mædene, mæidene, maȝden, meidene (Early Middle English)
English: maiden
Scots: maidin
Yola: mydhen
→ Middle Irish: maigden (see there for further descendants)

Old Frisian: meiden

Saterland Frisian: Maiden

Old Saxon: *magathīn

Middle Low German: mēgetīn

Old High German: magatīn

Middle High German: magetīn, megetīn


fraleusan

fraleusan (infinitive)
fraleusannjas (genitive infinitive)
fraleusannjē (dative infinitive)
fraleusannju (infinitive instrumental)
fraleusu (first-person present singular)
fralaus (first-person past singular)
fraliusiʀi (present second-person singular)
fraluʀī (past second-person singular)
fraliusidi (present singular third-person)
fralaus (past singular third-person)
fraleusum (first-person plural present)
fraluʀum (first-person past plural)
fraliusid (plural present second-person)
fraluʀud (past plural second-person)
fraleusand (plural present third-person)
fraluʀun (past plural third-person)
fraleusē (first-person present singular)
fraluʀī (first-person past singular)
fraleusēs (present second-person singular)
fraleusē (present singular third-person)
fraluʀī (past singular third-person)
fraleusēm (first-person plural present)
fraluʀīm (first-person past plural)
fraleusēþ (plural present second-person)
fraluʀīd (past plural second-person)
fraleusēn (plural present third-person)
fraluʀīn (past plural third-person)
fralius (present singular)
fraliusid (plural present)
fraleusandī (participle present)
fraloʀan (participle past)

Old English: forlēosan

Middle English: forlesen

English: forlese

Old Frisian: forliāsa

Saterland Frisian: ferljoose

West Frisian: ferlieze

Old Saxon: farliosan

Middle Low German: vorlêsen

German Low German: verlesen

→ Swedish: förlora (from the past participle)

Old Dutch: farliesan

Middle Dutch: verliesen

Dutch: verliezen

Afrikaans: verloor (from the past participle)

Limburgish: verleze

Old High German: firliosan

Middle High German: verliesen

desc

Cimbrian: vorliiran, borliiran (Mezzaselva)

German: verlieren

Kölsch: verliere

Luxembourgish: verléieren

Pennsylvania German: verliere

Swabian: verliera

Yiddish: פֿאַרלירן (farlirn)

From Proto-Germanic *fraleusaną. Equivalent to *fra- + *leusan.


triuwī

triuwī (masculine nominative singular)
triuwiju (feminine nominative singular)
triuwī (neuter nominative singular)
triuwijanā (accusative masculine singular)
triuwijā (accusative feminine singular)
triuwī (accusative neuter singular)
triuwijas (genitive masculine singular)
triuwijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
triuwijas (genitive neuter singular)
triuwijumē (dative masculine singular)
triuwijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
triuwijumē (dative neuter singular)
triuwiju (instrumental masculine singular)
triuwijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
triuwiju (instrumental neuter singular)
triuwijē (masculine nominative plural)
triuwijō (feminine nominative plural)
triuwiju (neuter nominative plural)
triuwijā (accusative masculine plural)
triuwijā (accusative feminine plural)
triuwiju (accusative neuter plural)
triuwijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
triuwijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
triuwijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
triuwijēm (dative masculine plural)
triuwijum (dative masculine plural)
triuwijēm (dative feminine plural)
triuwijum (dative feminine plural)
triuwijēm (dative neuter plural)
triuwijum (dative neuter plural)
triuwijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
triuwijum (instrumental masculine plural)
triuwijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
triuwijum (feminine instrumental plural)
triuwijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
triuwijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: trīewe, trēowe

Middle English: treowe, trewe

Scots: trew

English: true

Old Frisian: triūwe, triōwe

Saterland Frisian: trjou

West Frisian: trou

Old Saxon: triuwi

Low German: truu

Plautdietsch: tru

Low German: treu

desctree

Old Dutch: *triuwi
Middle Dutch: trouwe
Dutch: trouw
Afrikaans: trou

Old High German: triuwi

Middle High German: triuwe

Alemannic German: trüüw

German: treu

Luxembourgish: trei

From Proto-Germanic *triwwiz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


hwattjan

hwattjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hwattjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hwattjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hwattjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hwattju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hwattā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hwatisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hwattēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hwattōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hwatiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hwattē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hwattā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hwattjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hwattum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hwatiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hwattud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hwattjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hwattun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hwattjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hwattī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hwattjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hwattī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hwattjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hwattī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hwattjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hwattīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hwattjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hwattīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hwattjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hwattīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hwati (class-1 present singular weak)
hwatiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hwattjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hwatt (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: hwettan
Middle English: whetten, qwete, whett, whette, whettyn, whætte (Early Middle English)
English: whet
Scots: what
Yola: what

Old Frisian: *hwetta; *hwettia

Saterland Frisian: wätje

West Frisian: hwetsje, hotsje

Old Saxon: *hwettian

Middle Low German: wetten

German Low German: wetten

Old Dutch: *wetten

Middle Dutch: wetten

Dutch: wetten

Old High German: hwezzen, wezzen

Middle High German: wetzen

Cimbrian: bétzan

German: wetzen


kaldēn

kaldēn (infinitive)
kaldēnijas (genitive infinitive)
kaldēnijē (dative infinitive)
kaldēniju (infinitive instrumental)
kaldē (first-person present singular)
kald?dā (first-person past singular)
kaldēs (present second-person singular)
kald?dēs (past second-person singular)
kaldēþ (present singular third-person)
kald?dē (past singular third-person)
kald?dā (past singular third-person)
kaldēm (first-person plural present)
kald?dum (first-person past plural)
kaldēþ (plural present second-person)
kald?dud (past plural second-person)
kaldēnþ (plural present third-person)
kald?dun (past plural third-person)
kald?dī (first-person past singular)
kald?dī (past second-person singular)
kaldē (present singular third-person)
kald?dī (past singular third-person)
kald?dīm (first-person past plural)
kald?dīd (past plural second-person)
kaldēn (plural present third-person)
kald?dīn (past plural third-person)
kaldē (present singular)
kaldēþ (plural present)
kaldēndī (participle present)
kald?d (participle past)

Old English: cealdian, *caldian
Middle English: colden, calden, chelden, kelden
English: cold
Yola: coale

Old Saxon: kaldōn

Middle Low German: kolden

Old Dutch: *kaldon
Middle Dutch: couden
Dutch: kouden, kouwen

Old High German: kaltēn

Middle High German: kalten

From Proto-Germanic *kaldāną. Equivalent to *kald (“cold”) + *-ēn.


aþuling

aþuling (nominative singular)
aþulingō (nominative plural)
aþulingōs (nominative plural)
aþuling (accusative singular)
aþulingā (accusative plural)
aþulingas (genitive singular)
aþulingō (genitive plural)
aþulingē (dative singular)
aþulingum (dative plural)
aþulingu (instrumental singular)
aþulingum (instrumental plural)

Old English: æþeling, æðeling — edh spelling, eþeling — Mercian
Middle English: atheling
English: atheling
→? Middle Welsh: edling, edlyg, etling (or from Middle English)
Welsh: edling, edlin
→ English: edling

Old Frisian: etheling, edling

Old Saxon: ethiling

Old Dutch: etheling

Middle Dutch: ēdelinc

Dutch: edeling

Old High German: adaling

→ Latin: adelingus, adalingus

From Proto-Germanic *aþulingaz. Equivalent to *aþuli + *-ing.


meluk

meluk (nominative singular)
meluki (nominative plural)
meluku (accusative singular)
meluki (accusative plural)
meluki (genitive singular)
melukō (genitive plural)
meluki (dative singular)
melukum (dative plural)
meluki (instrumental singular)
melukum (instrumental plural)

Old English: meolc, meoloc, meoluc, milc
Middle English: milk, milke, milc, melke, melc (chiefly Kent & Southern West), mulk, mulc (chiefly Southern & Southern West)
English: milk
Scots: milk, melk, mylk
Yola: mulk

Old Frisian: melok

North Frisian: molke

Saterland Frisian: Moalk, Molk

West Frisian: molke

Old Saxon: miluk

Middle Low German: melik, melk

Dutch Low Saxon: melk

German Low German: Melk

Plautdietsch: Malkj

Old Dutch: miluc

Middle Dutch: melc
Dutch: melk
Afrikaans: melk
Berbice Creole Dutch: meleke
Jersey Dutch: määlk
Negerhollands: melk
→ Aukan: meliki
→ Caribbean Javanese: mèleg, mèrki
→ Munsee: mălák
→ Saramaccan: meíki
→ Sranan Tongo: merki
→ Kari'na: meliki
→ Tok Pisin: melek
Limburgish: mèlk

Old High German: miluh

Middle High German: milich, milch

Alemannic German: Möuch, Melch

Swabian: Milk

Walser: milch, meljch, mélläch

desc

Bavarian: Muich, Milli, milch, milach, milich

Cimbrian: milch, milach

Hianzisch: Müli

Mòcheno: milch

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Millich

Luxembourgish: Mëllech

German: Milch
→ Tok Pisin: milis

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: Millich

Vilamovian: myłich

Yiddish: מילך (milkh)


aþulī

aþulī (masculine nominative singular)
aþuliju (feminine nominative singular)
aþulī (neuter nominative singular)
aþulijanā (accusative masculine singular)
aþulijā (accusative feminine singular)
aþulī (accusative neuter singular)
aþulijas (genitive masculine singular)
aþulijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
aþulijas (genitive neuter singular)
aþulijumē (dative masculine singular)
aþulijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
aþulijumē (dative neuter singular)
aþuliju (instrumental masculine singular)
aþulijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
aþuliju (instrumental neuter singular)
aþulijē (masculine nominative plural)
aþulijō (feminine nominative plural)
aþuliju (neuter nominative plural)
aþulijā (accusative masculine plural)
aþulijā (accusative feminine plural)
aþuliju (accusative neuter plural)
aþulijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
aþulijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
aþulijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
aþulijēm (dative masculine plural)
aþulijum (dative masculine plural)
aþulijēm (dative feminine plural)
aþulijum (dative feminine plural)
aþulijēm (dative neuter plural)
aþulijum (dative neuter plural)
aþulijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
aþulijum (instrumental masculine plural)
aþulijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
aþulijum (feminine instrumental plural)
aþulijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
aþulijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: æþele, eþele

Middle English: athel, ethel

English: athel

Scots: athill

Old Frisian: ethele

Saterland Frisian: eedel

West Frisian: eal

Old Saxon: ethili

Middle Low German: ēdele, ēdel

→ Danish: ædel

→ Norwegian Bokmål: edel

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: edel

→ Swedish: ädel

German Low German: edel

Old Dutch: ethele

Middle Dutch: ēdel

Dutch: edel

Afrikaans: edel

Limburgish: aedel

Old High German: edili

Middle High German: edle, edel

German: edel

Yiddish: איידל (eydl)

From Proto-Germanic *aþulijaz. Equivalent to *aþal (“nobility, race”) + *-ī (adjective suffix).


þorʀēn

þorʀēn (infinitive)
þorʀēnijas (genitive infinitive)
þorʀēnijē (dative infinitive)
þorʀēniju (infinitive instrumental)
þorʀē (first-person present singular)
þorʀ?dā (first-person past singular)
þorʀēs (present second-person singular)
þorʀ?dēs (past second-person singular)
þorʀēþ (present singular third-person)
þorʀ?dē (past singular third-person)
þorʀ?dā (past singular third-person)
þorʀēm (first-person plural present)
þorʀ?dum (first-person past plural)
þorʀēþ (plural present second-person)
þorʀ?dud (past plural second-person)
þorʀēnþ (plural present third-person)
þorʀ?dun (past plural third-person)
þorʀ?dī (first-person past singular)
þorʀ?dī (past second-person singular)
þorʀē (present singular third-person)
þorʀ?dī (past singular third-person)
þorʀ?dīm (first-person past plural)
þorʀ?dīd (past plural second-person)
þorʀēn (plural present third-person)
þorʀ?dīn (past plural third-person)
þorʀē (present singular)
þorʀēþ (plural present)
þorʀēndī (participle present)
þorʀ?d (participle past)

Old Saxon: thorron

desctree

Old Dutch: *thorron
Middle Dutch: dorren
Dutch: dorren

Old High German: *dorrēn

Middle High German: dorren

German: dorren

From Proto-Germanic *þurzāną. Equivalent to *þurʀī (“dry”) + *-ēn.


þarbu

þarbu (nominative singular)
þarbō (nominative plural)
þarbā (accusative singular)
þarbā (accusative plural)
þarbā (genitive singular)
þarbō (genitive plural)
þarbē (dative singular)
þarbōm (dative plural)
þarbum (dative plural)
þarbu (instrumental singular)
þarbōm (instrumental plural)
þarbum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þearf
Middle English: thearf, therf

Old Saxon: tharf

Middle Low German: bedarf

→ German: Bedarf

→ Saterland Frisian: Bedarf

Old High German: darba


grundilā

grundilā (nominative singular)
grundilōn (nominative plural)
grundilōn (accusative singular)
grundilōn (accusative plural)
grundilōn (genitive singular)
grundilōnō (genitive plural)
grundilōn (dative singular)
grundilōm (dative plural)
grundilum (dative plural)
grundilōn (instrumental singular)
grundilōm (instrumental plural)
grundilum (instrumental plural)

Old English: gryndle

Middle English: grundel

English: grundel

Old Saxon: *grundila

Middle Low German: grundele, gründele

Old Dutch: *grundila

Middle Dutch: grondele, grondel

Dutch: grondel

Old High German: gruntila

Middle High German: grundel

German: Grundel

Luxembourgish: Grondel


aþal

aþal (nominative singular)
aþalu (nominative plural)
aþal (accusative singular)
aþalu (accusative plural)
aþalas (genitive singular)
aþalō (genitive plural)
aþalē (dative singular)
aþalum (dative plural)
aþalu (instrumental singular)
aþalum (instrumental plural)

Old English: æþele

Old Frisian: *athel, *ethel

Saterland Frisian: Oadel

West Frisian: adel

Old Saxon: *athal

Middle Low German: adel, adele, addel
Low German: Adel
Westphalian:
Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: iadel
→ Norwegian: adel
→ Swedish: adel
→ Finnish: aateli

Old Dutch: *athal

Middle Dutch: adel

Dutch: adel
Afrikaans: adel
→ Estonian: aadel
→ Javanese: adhel
→ Papiamentu: adel

Old High German: adal

Middle High German: adel

German: Adel
→ Estonian: aadel

Yiddish: אַדל (adl)


ōþil

ōþil (nominative singular)
ōþilō (nominative plural)
ōþilōs (nominative plural)
ōþil (accusative singular)
ōþilā (accusative plural)
ōþilas (genitive singular)
ōþilō (genitive plural)
ōþilē (dative singular)
ōþilum (dative plural)
ōþilu (instrumental singular)
ōþilum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ēþel, oeþel

Old Frisian: ēthel

Old Saxon: ōthil

Old High German: uodil


blasā

blasā (nominative singular)
blasōn (nominative plural)
blasōn (accusative singular)
blasōn (accusative plural)
blasōn (genitive singular)
blasōnō (genitive plural)
blasōn (dative singular)
blasōm (dative plural)
blasum (dative plural)
blasōn (instrumental singular)
blasōm (instrumental plural)
blasum (instrumental plural)

Old English: blase, blæse
Middle English: blase, blese, blaese, blease (Early Middle English)
English: blaze
Scots: bleize, blase, blese, bleise, bleis, bleeze
Yola: blaze, bleaze, blease

From Proto-Germanic *blasǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“shiny, white”).


aiwiþu

aiwiþu (nominative singular)
aiwiþō (nominative plural)
aiwiþā (accusative singular)
aiwiþā (accusative plural)
aiwiþā (genitive singular)
aiwiþō (genitive plural)
aiwiþē (dative singular)
aiwiþōm (dative plural)
aiwiþum (dative plural)
aiwiþu (instrumental singular)
aiwiþōm (instrumental plural)
aiwiþum (instrumental plural)

Old Dutch: ēwitha

Old High German: ēwida

Middle High German: ēwede

From Proto-Germanic *aiwiþō. Equivalent to *aiw (“long time, eternity”) + *-iþu (abstract noun suffix).


siukī

siukī (nominative singular)
siukīn (accusative singular)
siukīn (genitive singular)
siukīn (dative singular)
siukīn (instrumental singular)

Old Saxon: siuki (?)

Middle Low German: suke

Low German: Süük

desctree

Old High German: siuhhī
Middle High German: siuche
Alemannic German: Siechi
German: Seuche
→ Luxembourgish: Seuch

From Proto-Germanic *siukį̄. Equivalent to *seuk (“sick”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).


wardahūs

wardahūs (nominative singular)
wardahūsu (nominative plural)
wardahūs (accusative singular)
wardahūsu (accusative plural)
wardahūsas (genitive singular)
wardahūsō (genitive plural)
wardahūsē (dative singular)
wardahūsum (dative plural)
wardahūsu (instrumental singular)
wardahūsum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *wardhūs

Middle Low German: wardehūs

Old High German: warthūs

Middle High German: warthūs

German: Warthaus (archaic)

From Proto-Germanic *wardahūsą. Equivalent to *ward + *hūs.


mundrī

mundrī (nominative singular)
mundrīn (accusative singular)
mundrīn (genitive singular)
mundrīn (dative singular)
mundrīn (instrumental singular)

Old High German: muntarī, muntrī

From Proto-Germanic *mundrį̄. Equivalent to *mundr (“jealous, eager”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).


hwītī

hwītī (nominative singular)
hwītīn (accusative singular)
hwītīn (genitive singular)
hwītīn (dative singular)
hwītīn (instrumental singular)

Old High German: wīzī

Middle High German: wīze

German: Weiße

From Proto-Germanic *hwītį̄. Equivalent to *hwīt (“white”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).


Friþugaiʀ

Friþugaiʀ (nominative singular)
Friþugaiʀ (accusative singular)
Friþugaiʀā (accusative plural)
Friþugaiʀas (genitive singular)
Friþugaiʀō (genitive plural)
Friþugaiʀē (dative singular)
Friþugaiʀum (dative plural)
Friþugaiʀu (instrumental singular)
Friþugaiʀum (instrumental plural)

desc

Old English: Friþugār, Freoþegār, Freoþogār, Friþogār

Old High German: Frithugēr, Fridugēr

German: Fridger, Friedger, Friedeger

→ Latin: Fredegarus

French: Frédégaire

Italian: Fredegario

Greek: Φρεδέγαρος (Fredégaros)


wīgalīk

wīgalīk (masculine nominative singular)
wīgalīku (feminine nominative singular)
wīgalīk (neuter nominative singular)
wīgalīkanā (accusative masculine singular)
wīgalīkā (accusative feminine singular)
wīgalīk (accusative neuter singular)
wīgalīkas (genitive masculine singular)
wīgalīkeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
wīgalīkas (genitive neuter singular)
wīgalīkumē (dative masculine singular)
wīgalīkeʀē (dative feminine singular)
wīgalīkumē (dative neuter singular)
wīgalīku (instrumental masculine singular)
wīgalīkeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
wīgalīku (instrumental neuter singular)
wīgalīkē (masculine nominative plural)
wīgalīkō (feminine nominative plural)
wīgalīku (neuter nominative plural)
wīgalīkā (accusative masculine plural)
wīgalīkā (accusative feminine plural)
wīgalīku (accusative neuter plural)
wīgalīkeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
wīgalīkeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
wīgalīkeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
wīgalīkēm (dative masculine plural)
wīgalīkum (dative masculine plural)
wīgalīkēm (dative feminine plural)
wīgalīkum (dative feminine plural)
wīgalīkēm (dative neuter plural)
wīgalīkum (dative neuter plural)
wīgalīkēm (instrumental masculine plural)
wīgalīkum (instrumental masculine plural)
wīgalīkēm (feminine instrumental plural)
wīgalīkum (feminine instrumental plural)
wīgalīkēm (instrumental neuter plural)
wīgalīkum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Saxon: *wīglīk

⇒ Old Saxon: unwīglīk

Old High German: wīglīh

From Proto-Germanic *wīgalīkaz. Equivalent to *wīg + *-līk.


hūkan

hūkan (infinitive)
hūkannjas (genitive infinitive)
hūkannjē (dative infinitive)
hūkannju (infinitive instrumental)
hūku (first-person present singular)
hauk (first-person past singular)
hūkiʀi (present second-person singular)
hukī (past second-person singular)
hūkidi (present singular third-person)
hauk (past singular third-person)
hūkum (first-person plural present)
hukum (first-person past plural)
hūkid (plural present second-person)
hukud (past plural second-person)
hūkand (plural present third-person)
hukun (past plural third-person)
hūkē (first-person present singular)
hukī (first-person past singular)
hūkēs (present second-person singular)
hūkē (present singular third-person)
hukī (past singular third-person)
hūkēm (first-person plural present)
hukīm (first-person past plural)
hūkēþ (plural present second-person)
hukīd (past plural second-person)
hūkēn (plural present third-person)
hukīn (past plural third-person)
hūk (present singular)
hūkid (plural present)
hūkandī (participle present)
hokan (participle past)

Westphalian: hûken

Old Dutch: *hūkan

Middle Dutch: hūken

Dutch: huiken

Old High German: hūhhan

Middle High German: hūchen


wīgamann

wīgamann (nominative singular)
wīgamanni (nominative plural)
wīgamannu (accusative singular)
wīgamanni (accusative plural)
wīgamanni (genitive singular)
wīgamannō (genitive plural)
wīgamanni (dative singular)
wīgamannum (dative plural)
wīgamanni (instrumental singular)
wīgamannum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wīgmann

Old Saxon: wīgman

Old High German: wīgman

Middle High German: wīcman

From Proto-Germanic *wīgamann-. Equivalent to *wīg + *mann.


wardamann

wardamann (nominative singular)
wardamanni (nominative plural)
wardamannu (accusative singular)
wardamanni (accusative plural)
wardamanni (genitive singular)
wardamannō (genitive plural)
wardamanni (dative singular)
wardamannum (dative plural)
wardamanni (instrumental singular)
wardamannum (instrumental plural)

Old English: weardmann

Middle English: wardman

English: wardsman

Old Saxon: *wardman

Middle Low German: wardeman

Old High German: wartman

Middle High German: wartman

German: Wartmann (archaic)

From Proto-Germanic *wardamann-. Equivalent to *ward + *mann.


traustalaus

traustalaus (masculine nominative singular)
traustalausu (feminine nominative singular)
traustalaus (neuter nominative singular)
traustalausanā (accusative masculine singular)
traustalausā (accusative feminine singular)
traustalaus (accusative neuter singular)
traustalausas (genitive masculine singular)
traustalauseʀā (feminine genitive singular)
traustalausas (genitive neuter singular)
traustalausumē (dative masculine singular)
traustalauseʀē (dative feminine singular)
traustalausumē (dative neuter singular)
traustalausu (instrumental masculine singular)
traustalauseʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
traustalausu (instrumental neuter singular)
traustalausē (masculine nominative plural)
traustalausō (feminine nominative plural)
traustalausu (neuter nominative plural)
traustalausā (accusative masculine plural)
traustalausā (accusative feminine plural)
traustalausu (accusative neuter plural)
traustalauseʀō (genitive masculine plural)
traustalauseʀō (feminine genitive plural)
traustalauseʀō (genitive neuter plural)
traustalausēm (dative masculine plural)
traustalausum (dative masculine plural)
traustalausēm (dative feminine plural)
traustalausum (dative feminine plural)
traustalausēm (dative neuter plural)
traustalausum (dative neuter plural)
traustalausēm (instrumental masculine plural)
traustalausum (instrumental masculine plural)
traustalausēm (feminine instrumental plural)
traustalausum (feminine instrumental plural)
traustalausēm (instrumental neuter plural)
traustalausum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Saxon: *trōstlōs

Middle Low German: trōstlōs

Old High German: trōstolōs

Middle High German: trōstolōs

German: trostlos

From Proto-Germanic *traustalausaz. Equivalent to *traust + *-laus.


wāgu

wāgu (nominative singular)
wāgō (nominative plural)
wāgā (accusative singular)
wāgā (accusative plural)
wāgā (genitive singular)
wāgō (genitive plural)
wāgē (dative singular)
wāgōm (dative plural)
wāgum (dative plural)
wāgu (instrumental singular)
wāgōm (instrumental plural)
wāgum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wǣġ

Middle English: wei, weie

English: wey

Old Saxon: wāga

Middle Low German: wâge

Old Dutch: wāga

Middle Dutch: wâge

Dutch: waag

desctree

Old High German: wāga
Middle High German: wāge
German: Waage
Luxembourgish: Wo
Yiddish: וואָג (vog)
→ Czech: váhy, váha
→ Old Polish: waga
Polish: waga
→ Kashubian: wôga
→ Russian: ва́га (vága)
→ Slovincian: wogha
→ Ukrainian: ва́га (váha)
→ Belarusian: ва́гі (váhi)
Silesian: wŏga
→ Serbo-Croatian: vaga
→ Macedonian: ва́га (vága)
→ Slovak: váhy, váha
→ Slovene: vaga


unholþō

unholþō (nominative singular)
unholþan (nominative plural)
unholþan (accusative singular)
unholþan (accusative plural)
unhulþini (genitive singular)
unholþan (genitive singular)
unholþanō (genitive plural)
unhulþini (dative singular)
unholþan (dative singular)
unholþum (dative plural)
unhulþini (instrumental singular)
unholþan (instrumental singular)
unholþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: unholda

Old Saxon: unholdo

Old Dutch: unholdo

Middle Dutch: onhoude

Dutch: onhoud

Old High German: unholdo

Middle High German: unholde

German: Unhold


arbaidijan

arbaidijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
arbaidijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
arbaidijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
arbaidijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
arbaidiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
arbaididā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
arbaidisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
arbaididēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
arbaididōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
arbaidiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
arbaididē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
arbaididā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
arbaidijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
arbaididum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
arbaidiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
arbaididud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
arbaidijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
arbaididun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
arbaidijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
arbaididī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
arbaidijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
arbaididī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
arbaidijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
arbaididī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
arbaidijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
arbaididīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
arbaidijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
arbaididīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
arbaidijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
arbaididīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
arbaidi (class-1 present singular weak)
arbaidiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
arbaidijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
arbaidid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old Saxon: arvēdian (“to offer”)
Middle Low German: arbeiden (“to work”)
Low German: arbeiden, arbaiden
→ Danish: arbejde
→ Faroese: arbeiða
→ Norwegian: arbeide, arbeida
→ Old Swedish: arbeida, arbeta
Swedish: arbeta

Old Dutch: *arveiden, *arbeiden (attested as arvithen)

Middle Dutch: arbeiden

Dutch: arbeiden

Old High German: arabeiten, arbeiten

Middle High German: arebeiten, arbeiten

desc

Bavarian: arwadn, arweddn, oaweddn, oaweitn, oaweidn, orbeita

Cimbrian: arbatn, èrbatan (Sette Comuni)

Kölsch: arbigge

German: arbeiten

Yiddish: אַרבעטן (arbetn)

From Proto-Germanic *arbaidijaną. Equivalent to *arbaiþi + *-jan.


wargini

wargini (nominative singular)
wargunnjō (nominative plural)
wargunnjā (accusative singular)
wargunnjā (accusative plural)
wargunnjā (genitive singular)
wargunnjō (genitive plural)
wargunnjē (dative singular)
wargunnjōm (dative plural)
wargunnjum (dative plural)
wargunnju (instrumental singular)
wargunnjōm (instrumental plural)
wargunnjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wierġen

From Proto-Germanic *warginī. Equivalent to *warg + *-ini.


burþī

burþī (nominative singular)
burþīn (accusative singular)
burþīn (genitive singular)
burþīn (dative singular)
burþīn (instrumental singular)

Old English: byrd

Old Frisian: berthe, berde

Old Saxon: burthi

Middle Low German: borde, bōrde, börde

Low German: Böörd

Old Dutch: *burthi, *burtha

Middle Dutch: borde

Dutch: borde

Old High German: burdī

Middle High German: burde, bürde

Alemannic German: Burdi

German: Bürde


wagā

wagā (nominative singular)
wagōn (nominative plural)
wagōn (accusative singular)
wagōn (accusative plural)
wagōn (genitive singular)
wagōnō (genitive plural)
wagōn (dative singular)
wagōm (dative plural)
wagum (dative plural)
wagōn (instrumental singular)
wagōm (instrumental plural)
wagum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: waga

Middle Low German: wege

Old High German: waga

Middle High German: wage

German: Wage (archaic)


-ī

-ī (nominative singular)
-īn (accusative singular)
-īn (genitive singular)
-īn (dative singular)
-īn (instrumental singular)

Old English: -u (even after long syllables, e.g. ieldu, brǣdu)

Middle English: -e

Old Frisian: -e

North Frisian: -e

Saterland Frisian: -e

Old Saxon: -i

Middle Low German: -e

Old Dutch: *-i

Middle Dutch: -e

Dutch: -e

Old High German: -ī

Middle High German: -e

German: -e

-ness, -th. Forms abstract nouns from adjectives which represent the state, quality or measure of the adjective.


-ī

-ī (masculine nominative singular)
-iju (feminine nominative singular)
-ī (neuter nominative singular)
-ijanā (accusative masculine singular)
-ijā (accusative feminine singular)
-ī (accusative neuter singular)
-ijas (genitive masculine singular)
-ijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
-ijas (genitive neuter singular)
-ijumē (dative masculine singular)
-ijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
-ijumē (dative neuter singular)
-iju (instrumental masculine singular)
-ijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
-iju (instrumental neuter singular)
-ijē (masculine nominative plural)
-ijō (feminine nominative plural)
-iju (neuter nominative plural)
-ijā (accusative masculine plural)
-ijā (accusative feminine plural)
-iju (accusative neuter plural)
-ijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
-ijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
-ijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
-ijēm (dative masculine plural)
-ijum (dative masculine plural)
-ijēm (dative feminine plural)
-ijum (dative feminine plural)
-ijēm (dative neuter plural)
-ijum (dative neuter plural)
-ijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
-ijum (instrumental masculine plural)
-ijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
-ijum (feminine instrumental plural)
-ijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
-ijum (instrumental neuter plural)


skipamann

skipamann (nominative singular)
skipamanni (nominative plural)
skipamannu (accusative singular)
skipamanni (accusative plural)
skipamanni (genitive singular)
skipamannō (genitive plural)
skipamanni (dative singular)
skipamannum (dative plural)
skipamanni (instrumental singular)
skipamannum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: sċipmann
Middle English: schipman, chipman, schip man, schippeman, schypmanne, shipman, shipmon, shippeman, shippman, shypman, ssipman, szipman, scipmon, sipman (Early Middle English)
English: shipman
Middle Scots: schipman

Old Frisian: skipmann, skipmonn

North Frisian: scipman

Saterland Frisian: scipman

Old Saxon: *skipman

Middle Low German: schipman

Old High German: scifman

Middle High German: schifman

German: Schiffmann

From Proto-Germanic *skipamann-. Equivalent to *skip (“ship”) + *mann (“man”).


þunrōn

þunrōn (infinitive)
þunrōnijas (genitive infinitive)
þunrōnijē (dative infinitive)
þunrōniju (infinitive instrumental)
þunrō (first-person present singular)
þunrōdā (first-person past singular)
þunrōs (present second-person singular)
þunrōdēs (past second-person singular)
þunrōdōs (past second-person singular)
þunrōþ (present singular third-person)
þunrōdē (past singular third-person)
þunrōdā (past singular third-person)
þunrōm (first-person plural present)
þunrōdum (first-person past plural)
þunrōþ (plural present second-person)
þunrōdud (past plural second-person)
þunrōnþ (plural present third-person)
þunrōdun (past plural third-person)
þunrōdī (first-person past singular)
þunrōdī (past second-person singular)
þunrō (present singular third-person)
þunrōdī (past singular third-person)
þunrōdīm (first-person past plural)
þunrōdīd (past plural second-person)
þunrōn (plural present third-person)
þunrōdīn (past plural third-person)
þunrō (present singular)
þunrōþ (plural present)
þunrōndī (participle present)
þunrōd (participle past)

Old English: þunrian

Middle English: thonder

English: thunder

Old Saxon: *thonarōn

Middle Low German: donern

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: dundre

→ Norwegian Bokmål: dundre

→ Swedish: dundra

Old Dutch: *thunaron
Middle Dutch: donren, donneren, donderen
Dutch: donderen

Old High German: donarōn

Middle High German: donnern

German: donnern

From Proto-Germanic *þunrōną. Equivalent to *þunr (“thunder”) + *-ōn.


unnuti

unnutī (masculine nominative singular)
unnutiju (feminine nominative singular)
unnutī (neuter nominative singular)
unnutijanā (accusative masculine singular)
unnutijā (accusative feminine singular)
unnutī (accusative neuter singular)
unnutijas (genitive masculine singular)
unnutijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
unnutijas (genitive neuter singular)
unnutijumē (dative masculine singular)
unnutijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
unnutijumē (dative neuter singular)
unnutiju (instrumental masculine singular)
unnutijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
unnutiju (instrumental neuter singular)
unnutijē (masculine nominative plural)
unnutijō (feminine nominative plural)
unnutiju (neuter nominative plural)
unnutijā (accusative masculine plural)
unnutijā (accusative feminine plural)
unnutiju (accusative neuter plural)
unnutijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
unnutijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
unnutijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
unnutijēm (dative masculine plural)
unnutijum (dative masculine plural)
unnutijēm (dative feminine plural)
unnutijum (dative feminine plural)
unnutijēm (dative neuter plural)
unnutijum (dative neuter plural)
unnutijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
unnutijum (instrumental masculine plural)
unnutijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
unnutijum (feminine instrumental plural)
unnutijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
unnutijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: unnytt

Old Frisian: unnett

Old High German: unnuzzi

Middle High German: unnutze

German: unnütz

From Proto-Germanic *unnutiz. Equivalent to *un- + *nuti.


neutan

neutan (infinitive)
neutannjas (genitive infinitive)
neutannjē (dative infinitive)
neutannju (infinitive instrumental)
neutu (first-person present singular)
naut (first-person past singular)
niutiʀi (present second-person singular)
nutī (past second-person singular)
niutidi (present singular third-person)
naut (past singular third-person)
neutum (first-person plural present)
nutum (first-person past plural)
niutid (plural present second-person)
nutud (past plural second-person)
neutand (plural present third-person)
nutun (past plural third-person)
neutē (first-person present singular)
nutī (first-person past singular)
neutēs (present second-person singular)
neutē (present singular third-person)
nutī (past singular third-person)
neutēm (first-person plural present)
nutīm (first-person past plural)
neutēþ (plural present second-person)
nutīd (past plural second-person)
neutēn (plural present third-person)
nutīn (past plural third-person)
niut (present singular)
niutid (plural present)
neutandī (participle present)
notan (participle past)

Old English: nēotan

Middle English: neoten (in derivatives)

Old Frisian: niāta, nieta

Old Saxon: niotan

Middle Low German: nēten

Old Dutch: nietan
Middle Dutch: nieten
Dutch: nieten (obsolete)
Limburgish: nete

Old High German: niozan
Middle High German: niezen
German: nießen


ganeutan

ganeutan (infinitive)
ganeutannjas (genitive infinitive)
ganeutannjē (dative infinitive)
ganeutannju (infinitive instrumental)
ganeutu (first-person present singular)
ganaut (first-person past singular)
ganiutiʀi (present second-person singular)
ganutī (past second-person singular)
ganiutidi (present singular third-person)
ganaut (past singular third-person)
ganeutum (first-person plural present)
ganutum (first-person past plural)
ganiutid (plural present second-person)
ganutud (past plural second-person)
ganeutand (plural present third-person)
ganutun (past plural third-person)
ganeutē (first-person present singular)
ganutī (first-person past singular)
ganeutēs (present second-person singular)
ganeutē (present singular third-person)
ganutī (past singular third-person)
ganeutēm (first-person plural present)
ganutīm (first-person past plural)
ganeutēþ (plural present second-person)
ganutīd (past plural second-person)
ganeutēn (plural present third-person)
ganutīn (past plural third-person)
ganiut (present singular)
ganiutid (plural present)
ganeutandī (participle present)
ganotan (participle past)

Old Saxon: giniotan

desc

Middle Low German: genêten, gnêten, genîten

German Low German: geneten

→ Saterland Frisian: genäite

desctree

Old Dutch: ginietan
Middle Dutch: genieten
Dutch: genieten
Limburgish: genete

Old High German: giniozan

Middle High German: geniezen

German: genießen

Luxembourgish: genéissen

Yiddish: געניסן (genisn)

From Proto-Germanic *ganeutaną. Equivalent to *ga- + *neutan.


paddā

paddā (nominative singular)
paddōn (nominative plural)
paddōn (accusative singular)
paddōn (accusative plural)
paddōn (genitive singular)
paddōnō (genitive plural)
paddōn (dative singular)
paddōm (dative plural)
paddum (dative plural)
paddōn (instrumental singular)
paddōm (instrumental plural)
paddum (instrumental plural)

Old English: padde

Middle English: padde, pade

English: pad; poade, pode

Scots: pade, pad; podde, pode

Old Frisian: padde

Saterland Frisian: Pudde

West Frisian: padde, podde, podd, pod

Old Saxon: *padda

Middle Low German: padde, pedde

Low German: Padde, Pudde

→ German: Padde

Old Dutch: *padda

Middle Dutch: padde, pedde

Dutch: pad

Afrikaans: padda

→ Vulgar Latin: *padda, *podda, *potta

Old French: bot

⇒ Old French: boterel

Italian: botta


jestu

jestu (nominative singular)
jistiwi (nominative plural)
jestō (nominative plural)
jestu (accusative singular)
jestū (accusative plural)
jestō (genitive singular)
jistiwō (genitive plural)
jistiwi (dative singular)
jestō (dative singular)
jestum (dative plural)
jestu (instrumental singular)
jestum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġiest, ġist, ġyst

Middle English: yeest

Scots: yest

English: yeast

Old Frisian: *gest, *jest

Saterland Frisian: Gääst, Jääst

West Frisian: gêst, gist

Old Saxon: *gest

Middle Low German: gest

German Low German: Geste, Gest, Gist

→ German: Gest (northern Germany)

Old Dutch: *gest, *gist

Middle Dutch: gest, gist
Dutch: gist
Afrikaans: gis
Limburgish: ges

Old High German: *jest, *gest

Middle High German: jest, gest

Alemannic German: Jëst

German: Gischt, Jast, Jäst

From Proto-Germanic *jestuz. Equivalent to *jesan (“to ferment”) + *-þu.


barī

barī (nominative singular)
barijō (nominative plural)
barijōs (nominative plural)
barī (accusative singular)
barijā (accusative plural)
barijas (genitive singular)
barijō (genitive plural)
barijē (dative singular)
barijum (dative plural)
bariju (instrumental singular)
barijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bere
Middle English: bere
English: bere
Scots: bere, beir

⇒ Old English: bærlīċ
Middle English: barly, barlie, barlich, barlych, barlyche, barleche, barlick, barlykke, bareliche, berley
English: barley
Scots: barlie
Yola: baarich, barich, barach, barish, barlich

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰers-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *baraz.


duhtīg

duhtīg (masculine nominative singular)
duhtīgu (feminine nominative singular)
duhtīg (neuter nominative singular)
duhtīganā (accusative masculine singular)
duhtīgā (accusative feminine singular)
duhtīg (accusative neuter singular)
duhtīgas (genitive masculine singular)
duhtīgeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
duhtīgas (genitive neuter singular)
duhtīgumē (dative masculine singular)
duhtīgeʀē (dative feminine singular)
duhtīgumē (dative neuter singular)
duhtīgu (instrumental masculine singular)
duhtīgeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
duhtīgu (instrumental neuter singular)
duhtīgē (masculine nominative plural)
duhtīgō (feminine nominative plural)
duhtīgu (neuter nominative plural)
duhtīgā (accusative masculine plural)
duhtīgā (accusative feminine plural)
duhtīgu (accusative neuter plural)
duhtīgeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
duhtīgeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
duhtīgeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
duhtīgēm (dative masculine plural)
duhtīgum (dative masculine plural)
duhtīgēm (dative feminine plural)
duhtīgum (dative feminine plural)
duhtīgēm (dative neuter plural)
duhtīgum (dative neuter plural)
duhtīgēm (instrumental masculine plural)
duhtīgum (instrumental masculine plural)
duhtīgēm (feminine instrumental plural)
duhtīgum (feminine instrumental plural)
duhtīgēm (instrumental neuter plural)
duhtīgum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: dyhtiġ, dohtiġ, dihtiġ
Middle English: doughty, dogheti, doghte, doghti, doghuti, doȝti, doȝty, dohty, dohuthi, dohuti, douchti, dougheti, doughety, douȝcti, douȝthi, douȝti, douȝty, douhte, douhti, douhty, dousti, douthi, douti, dowghty, dowȝti, dowȝty, dowsty, dowty, duchti, dughti, duȝte, duȝti, duȝty, duhtie, duthi, dohti, duhhtiȝ, duhti, duhtiȝ (Early Middle English)
English: doughty
Scots: douchty, douchtie

Old Saxon: *duhtig

Middle Low German: duchtich

→ Norwegian: dyktig

→ Danish: dygtig

→ Swedish: duktig

Old Dutch: *duhtig

Middle Dutch: duchtich

Dutch: duchtig

Old High German: *tuhtig

Middle High German: tühtec

German: tüchtig

Luxembourgish: dichteg


hagō

hagō (nominative singular)
hagan (nominative plural)
hagan (accusative singular)
hagan (accusative plural)
hagini (genitive singular)
hagan (genitive singular)
haganō (genitive plural)
hagini (dative singular)
hagan (dative singular)
hagum (dative plural)
hagini (instrumental singular)
hagan (instrumental singular)
hagum (instrumental plural)

Old English: haga
Middle English: hawe, haȝe, haue, hahe, haw, hawghe
English: haw
Scots: haw
Yola: haeve

Old Frisian: *haga; *hach

Saterland Frisian: Hoage

West Frisian: haach

Old Saxon: hago

Middle Low German: hāge

Old Dutch: *hago

Middle Dutch: hāge, haghe
Dutch: haag

i

< <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmw-pro">*hag</i>

perhaps attested as <i class="Latn mention" lang="goh">hage</i>

Old High German: hag (< *hag), *hago (perhaps attested as hage)

Middle High German: hac

Alemannic German: Hag, Haag

German: Hag

q

merged with <i class="Latn mention" lang="goh">hagan</i>

⇒ Middle High German: hage (merged with hagan)

Luxembourgish: Ho


-þr

-þr (nominative singular)
-þru (nominative plural)
-þr (accusative singular)
-þru (accusative plural)
-þras (genitive singular)
-þrō (genitive plural)
-þrē (dative singular)
-þrum (dative plural)
-þru (instrumental singular)
-þrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: -þor

Old Frisian: -ther

Old Saxon: *thar

Middle Low German: -der

Old Dutch: *-thar, *-dar, *-der

Middle Dutch: -der

Old High German: -dar

Middle High German: -der

Forms nouns denoting a tool or instrument.


kirsijā

kirsijā (nominative singular)
kirsijōn (nominative plural)
kirsijōn (accusative singular)
kirsijōn (accusative plural)
kirsijōn (genitive singular)
kirsijōnō (genitive plural)
kirsijōn (dative singular)
kirsijōm (dative plural)
kirsijum (dative plural)
kirsijōn (instrumental singular)
kirsijōm (instrumental plural)
kirsijum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: ċirse, ċyrse, ċiris, ċyrs
Middle English: cheri, chiri, chirie, chyry, chere, cherie, chery (through confluence with Anglo-French form)
English: cherry (see there for further descendants)
Scots: chirry, chery, cherrie, cherry
→ Middle Irish: silín, sirín
Irish: silín
Manx: shillish
Scottish Gaelic: sirist

Old Frisian: *tzerse

Saterland Frisian: Säärse

Old Saxon: *kirsa

Middle Low German: kerse

Dutch Low Saxon: kaars, kaarze

German Low German: Kars

Plautdietsch: Kjoasch

→ Finnish: kirsikka

→ Latvian: ķirsis

⇒ Middle Low German: kersebere

→ Old Norse: *kirsuber

Faroese: kirsuber

Icelandic: kirsuber

Norwegian Bokmål: kirsebær

Norwegian Nynorsk: kirsebær

Swedish: körsbär

Danish: kirsebær

Old Dutch: *kirsa

Middle Dutch: kerse

Dutch: kers
⇒ Afrikaans: kersie (from the diminutive form)
Negerhollands: kirsch
→ Caribbean Hindustani: kers
→ Malay: kersen (from the plural form)
Indonesian: kers, kersen
→ Sranan Tongo: kersi
→ Caribbean Hindustani: kersi
→ Caribbean Javanese: kèrsi
→ West Frisian: kers

Limburgish: kèrs, kaes, kees, kiesj

Old High German: kirsa, chirsa, kersa, kirs
Middle High German: kirse
Alemannic German: Chirsi, Chirschi
Bavarian: Kiaschn
Cimbrian: khèrsch, khèersa (Sette Comuni)
Kölsch: Körsche
German: Kirsche, Kersche (archaic or dialectal)
→ Estonian: kirss
Luxembourgish: Kiischt, Kiisch
Rhine Franconian:
Hessian: Kesch
Pennsylvania German: Kasch
Vilamovian: kjyś
Yiddish: קאַרש (karsh)

→? Proto-Slavic: *čèršьňa (see there for further descendants)

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache


wīnabaʀi

wīnabaʀi (nominative singular)
wīnabaʀju (nominative plural)
wīnabaʀi (accusative singular)
wīnabaʀju (accusative plural)
wīnabaʀjas (genitive singular)
wīnabaʀjō (genitive plural)
wīnabaʀjē (dative singular)
wīnabaʀjum (dative plural)
wīnabaʀju (instrumental singular)
wīnabaʀjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wīnberġe f, wīnberie, wīnberiġe
Middle English: winberie, winberi, wynberie, wynberiȝ, wyneberie, wynneberie
English: wineberry; whimberry, whinberry, wimberry, winberry, windberry

Old Frisian: *wīnberie

Saterland Frisian: Wienbäie

Old Saxon: wīnberi

Middle Low German: wînbēre

Old Dutch: *wīnberi

Middle Dutch: wijnbere

Dutch: wijnbeer, wiemer

Old High German: wīnberi

Middle High German: wīnbere, wīnber

German: Weinbeere

From Proto-Germanic *wīnabazją. Equivalent to *wīn (“wine”) + *baʀi (“berry”).


appluwīn

appluwīn (nominative singular)
appluwīnu (nominative plural)
appluwīn (accusative singular)
appluwīnu (accusative plural)
appluwīnas (genitive singular)
appluwīnō (genitive plural)
appluwīnē (dative singular)
appluwīnum (dative plural)
appluwīnu (instrumental singular)
appluwīnum (instrumental plural)

Old English: æppelwīn
English: apple wine

Old Dutch: *appelwīn

Dutch: appelwijn (or a calque from German)

Afrikaans: appelwyn

Old High German: apfulwīn

German: Apfelwein


applu

applu (nominative singular)
appliwi (nominative plural)
applō (nominative plural)
applu (accusative singular)
applū (accusative plural)
applō (genitive singular)
appliwō (genitive plural)
appliwi (dative singular)
applō (dative singular)
applum (dative plural)
applu (instrumental singular)
applum (instrumental plural)

Old English: æppel
Middle English: appel, apple, appyl, appyll, appil, appill, appell, eppel, appul, appull, appulle, eappel, æppel, æpple, eappel (Early Middle English)
English: apple (see there for further descendants)
Scots: aipple

Old Frisian: appel
North Frisian:
Föhr, Hallig: aapel
Helgoland: Oapel
Mooring: ååpel
Saterland Frisian: Appel, Apel
West Frisian: apel

Old Saxon: appel, appul, apl
Middle Low German: appel
German Low German: Appel
→ German: Appel (colloquial, regional)
Plautdietsch: Aupel

desc

Old Dutch: *appel, ephela (pl.), apheles (gen.sg.)

desctree

Middle Dutch: appel, āpel
Dutch: appel (see there for further descendants)
Limburgish: appel

Old High German: apful, aphul, apfol, afful, *appul — central
Middle High German: apfel, epfel, öpfel, appel
Alemannic German: Öpfel, Apfel
Alsatian: Àpfel, Epfel
Italian Walser: effél, epfel, epfil, öpfil
Swabian: Ebfl
Bavarian: Åpfe
Cimbrian: oupfal, öpfel, öpfl
Mòcheno: epfl
Udinese: eipfele, epfl
Central Franconian: Appel
Hunsrik: Eppel
Luxembourgish: Apel
East Central German:
Upper Saxon German: Abbel, Appel
Vilamovian: epuł
East Franconian:
German: Apfel
Rhine Franconian:
Hessian: Àbbel, Ebbel, Abbel
Pennsylvania German: Abbel, Appel
Yiddish: עפּל (epl)


baʀi

baʀi (nominative singular)
baʀju (nominative plural)
baʀi (accusative singular)
baʀju (accusative plural)
baʀjas (genitive singular)
baʀjō (genitive plural)
baʀjē (dative singular)
baʀjum (dative plural)
baʀju (instrumental singular)
baʀjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: berġe, berie, beriġe
Middle English: berye, berȝe, berie, bery, byry, beriye
English: berry
Scots: berie, bery, berrie, berry
Yola: kraanberry

Old Frisian: *berie

Saterland Frisian: Bäie

q

West Frisian: bei (possibly from Dutch, ultimately from Old French and bāca)

Old Saxon: beri

Middle Low German: bere

German Low German: Beer

Plautdietsch: Bäa

Old Dutch: *beri

Middle Dutch: bere

Dutch: bère, bèr (dialectal)

West Flemish: beier

desctree

Old High German: beri
Middle High German: ber
Alemannic German: Berri
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: per
Mòcheno: per
German: Beere
Hunsrik: Beer
Luxembourgish: Bier
Pennsylvania German: Beer
Vilamovian: bjēr


erþubaʀi

erþubaʀi (nominative singular)
erþubaʀju (nominative plural)
erþubaʀi (accusative singular)
erþubaʀju (accusative plural)
erþubaʀjas (genitive singular)
erþubaʀjō (genitive plural)
erþubaʀjē (dative singular)
erþubaʀjum (dative plural)
erþubaʀju (instrumental singular)
erþubaʀjum (instrumental plural)

desc

Old English: eorþberġe, eorþberie, eorþberiġe

Old Frisian: *irtheberie

Saterland Frisian: Äidbäie

West Frisian: ierdbei

Old Saxon: erthberi, erdberi

Middle Low German: erdbere

German Low German: Eerdbeei, Eerdjebeei, Eerkebeei

Low German: Erebeie, Eerdbeer

Plautdietsch: Ieedbäa

Old Dutch: *erdberi

Middle Dutch: erdbere

desctree

Dutch: aardbei
Afrikaans: aarbei
→ Indonesian: arbei
→ Papiamentu: artbèi

Old High German: erdberi, erdperi

Middle High German: erdbere

German: Erdbeere

Luxembourgish: Äerdbier

Mòcheno: eaper

→ English: earthberry (calque)

From Proto-Germanic *erþōbazją. Equivalent to *erþu (“earth”) + *baʀi (“berry”).


bihalljan

bihalljan (class-1 infinitive weak)
bihalljannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
bihalljannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
bihalljannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
bihallju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bihaldā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bihalisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bihaldēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bihaldōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bihaliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bihaldē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bihaldā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bihalljum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bihaldum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bihaliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bihaldud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bihalljanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bihaldun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bihalljē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bihaldī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bihalljēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bihaldī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bihalljē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bihaldī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bihalljēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bihaldīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bihalljēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bihaldīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bihalljēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bihaldīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bihali (class-1 present singular weak)
bihaliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
bihalljandī (class-1 participle present weak)
bihald (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: behellan

Old High German: bihellen