waggjan

waggjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
waggjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
waggjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
waggjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
waggju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wagidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wagisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wagidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wagidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wagiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wagidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wagidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
waggjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wagidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wagiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wagidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
waggjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wagidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
waggjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wagidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
waggjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wagidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
waggjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wagidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
waggjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wagidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
waggjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wagidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
waggjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wagidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wagi (class-1 present singular weak)
wagiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
waggjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
wagid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: weċġan

Middle English: weggen

English: wedge

Old Saxon: weggian

Middle Low German: weggen

Old Dutch: *weggen

Middle Dutch: weggen

Old High German: weggen


knussjan

knussjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
knussjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
knussjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
knussjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
knussju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
knusidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
knusisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
knusidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
knusidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
knusiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
knusidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
knusidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
knussjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
knusidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
knusiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
knusidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
knussjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
knusidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
knussjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
knusidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
knussjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
knusidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
knussjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
knusidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
knussjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
knusidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
knussjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
knusidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
knussjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
knusidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
knusi (class-1 present singular weak)
knusiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
knussjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
knusid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: cnyssan

Old Frisian:

West Frisian: knieze, kniezje

Old Dutch: *cnusen

Middle Dutch: cnuesen

Dutch: kneuzen

Old High German: knussen

Middle High German: knüssen, knüsen


nabulō

nabulō (nominative singular)
nabulan (nominative plural)
nabulan (accusative singular)
nabulan (accusative plural)
nabulini (genitive singular)
nabulan (genitive singular)
nabulanō (genitive plural)
nabulini (dative singular)
nabulan (dative singular)
nabulum (dative plural)
nabulini (instrumental singular)
nabulan (instrumental singular)
nabulum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: nafola, nabula, nafela, navela
Middle English: navel, navele, navill, navyll, navle, naule, nawle, novel, novle, novele, nowle
English: navel
Scots: nyvel

Old Frisian: navla

North Frisian: nawel

Saterland Frisian: Nauel

West Frisian: nâle

Old Saxon: *navalo

Middle Low German: nâvel

German Low German: Naffel

Plautdietsch: Nowel

Old Dutch: *navalo

Middle Dutch: navele, navel

Dutch: navel
Afrikaans: nawel, nauel

Limburgish: navel

Old High German: nabalo, nabulo
Middle High German: nabele, nabel
German: Nabel
Hunsrik: Nawel
Luxembourgish: Nuebel
Vilamovian: nowuł
Yiddish: נאָפּל (nopl)


naʀjan

naʀjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
naʀjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
naʀjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
naʀjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
naʀju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
naʀidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
naʀisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
naʀidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
naʀidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
naʀiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
naʀidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
naʀidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
naʀjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
naʀidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
naʀiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
naʀidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
naʀjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
naʀidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
naʀjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
naʀidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
naʀjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
naʀidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
naʀjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
naʀidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
naʀjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
naʀidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
naʀjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
naʀidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
naʀjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
naʀidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
naʀi (class-1 present singular weak)
naʀiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
naʀjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
naʀid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: nerian

Middle English: nerian (early)

Old Frisian: nera

Saterland Frisian: neere

Old Saxon: nerian

Middle Low German: neren

German Low German: nähren

→ Old Swedish: næra

Swedish: nära

→ Old Danish: næræ

Danish: nære

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: nære

Norwegian Nynorsk: nære, næra

→ Old Norse: næra

Icelandic: næra

Old Dutch: neren

Middle Dutch: nēren

⇒ Middle Dutch: genēren

Dutch: (obsolete) generen

⇒ Middle Dutch: neringhe

Dutch: nering

Old High German: nerien, nerjan, nerren, neren
Middle High German: nerren, nern, nerigen
German: nähren
Hunsrik: neere
Luxembourgish: nieren
Yiddish: נערן (nern)


mangijan

mangijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
mangijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
mangijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
mangijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
mangiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
mangidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
mangisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
mangidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
mangidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
mangiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
mangidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
mangidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
mangijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
mangidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
mangiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
mangidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
mangijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
mangidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
mangijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
mangidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
mangijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
mangidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
mangijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
mangidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
mangijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
mangidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
mangijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
mangidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
mangijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
mangidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
mangi (class-1 present singular weak)
mangiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
mangijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
mangid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: menġan, mænġan, menċġan
Middle English: mengen
English: meng, ming
Scots: meng, ming
⇒ Middle English: *mengelen
English: mingle

desc

Old Frisian: menga, mengia, mendza, mendzia

Saterland Frisian: moange

West Frisian: minge

Old Saxon: mengian

Middle Low German: mengen

Low German: mengen

→ Old Norse: mengja

Icelandic: menga

Swedish: mänga

Danish: mænge

Old Dutch: *mengen

desctree

Middle Dutch: mengen
Dutch: mengen
Afrikaans: meng
Negerhollands: mengel, mingel
Limburgish: minge

Old High German: mengen

Middle High German: mengen

German: mengen

From Proto-Germanic *mangijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *monk-éye-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *menk- (“to press, knead”). Cognate with Lithuanian mánkyti (“to knead”), Proto-Slavic *mę̑kъkъ (“soft”), and possibly Ancient Greek μάσσω (mássō, “to knead”).


gasundiþu

gasundiþu (nominative singular)
gasundiþō (nominative plural)
gasundiþā (accusative singular)
gasundiþā (accusative plural)
gasundiþā (genitive singular)
gasundiþō (genitive plural)
gasundiþē (dative singular)
gasundiþōm (dative plural)
gasundiþum (dative plural)
gasundiþu (instrumental singular)
gasundiþōm (instrumental plural)
gasundiþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġesyntu

Old High German: gisuntida


natilā

natilā (nominative singular)
natilōn (nominative plural)
natilōn (accusative singular)
natilōn (accusative plural)
natilōn (genitive singular)
natilōnō (genitive plural)
natilōn (dative singular)
natilōm (dative plural)
natilum (dative plural)
natilōn (instrumental singular)
natilōm (instrumental plural)
natilum (instrumental plural)

Old English: netele, netle

Middle English: netele, netle, nettle

English: nettle

Scots: nettill

Old Frisian: *netele

Saterland Frisian: Neetele, Neetel

West Frisian: nettel

desctree

Old Saxon: netila
Middle Low German: nêtele, nettele, nettel
German Low German:
Westphalian:
Westmünsterländisch: Nettel, Nöttel
East Westphalian: Niedel (Ravensberg), Nettel (Lippe)
South Westphalian: Niëdel (Dortmund)
Sauerländisch: Nietel, Nettel (Wenden)
Dutch Low Saxon:
Twents: nettel
→ Danish: nelde, nælde
→ Norwegian: nesle, netla, nesla, natla
→ Old Swedish: nætla
Swedish: nässla, nättla, nälla
→ Scanian: nælla

Old Dutch: *netila

Middle Dutch: nētele, nettel

Dutch: netel

Old High German: nezzila
Middle High German: nezzel
Cimbrian: éssala (reanalyzed)
German: Nessel
→ Yiddish: ברעננעסל (brennesl)
Yiddish: ניסול (nisul) (Middle Yiddish, attested in Shemot Devarim)

From unattested *natā, from Proto-Germanic *natǭ (“nettle”), + *-ilā (plant and animal suffix).

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache


sigiþī

sigiþī (nominative singular)
sigiþijō (nominative plural)
sigiþijōs (nominative plural)
sigiþī (accusative singular)
sigiþijā (accusative plural)
sigiþijas (genitive singular)
sigiþijō (genitive plural)
sigiþijē (dative singular)
sigiþijum (dative plural)
sigiþiju (instrumental singular)
sigiþijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sigþe, sigdi, sīþe m

Middle English: sithe, sythe

English: scythe

Scots: sithe, scythe

Old Frisian: *sichte, *sīthe

Saterland Frisian: Sied m

West Frisian: sichte

Old Saxon: *sigitha, *sigtha, *sihta

desc

Middle Low German: sigde, sichte, segede, sicht f

German Low German: Sichte, Sicht

Old Dutch: *sigitha, *sigtha, *sihta

Middle Dutch: sichte f

Dutch: zicht

→ West Frisian: zicht


hebun

hebun (nominative singular)
hebunō (nominative plural)
hebunōs (nominative plural)
hebun (accusative singular)
hebunā (accusative plural)
hebunas (genitive singular)
hebunō (genitive plural)
hebunē (dative singular)
hebunum (dative plural)
hebunu (instrumental singular)
hebunum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: heofon, heben, hefæn, hefen, hefon, heafun, heofen, heofun, heofan, hiofon, heofene, heofone, hefene — weak
Middle English: hevene, efne, even, evne, heaven, hefne, heoven, heovene, heven, hevyn, hewn, hewne, hæfene, hæfne, hæven, heffne, heofen, heofne, heofon, hoven (Early Middle English), heeven, hefen, heiven, heivin, hevin, hewuyn, heyven, hewen, hewyn (Northern)
English: heaven, Heaven
Scots: heiven, Heiven
Yola: heaaven, heoven

Old Saxon: hevan, heban
Middle Low German: hêben, hêven
German Low German:
Altmärkisch: Häw'n
Westphalian:
Dortmunder: Hēäwen
Lippisch: Heben
Ravensbergisch: Hewwen
Sauerländisch: Hiäwen, Hiawen (Olpe)

Old Dutch: *hevan

Middle Dutch: heven

Old High German: heban

Middle High German: hëben

Possibly from Proto-Germanic *hebnaz, from earlier *hemnaz with nasal dissimilation, either syncopated from or a parallel formation of *himinaz and doublet with *himil (“sky; heaven”).


wrōgijan

wrōgijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
wrōgijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
wrōgijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
wrōgijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
wrōgiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wrōgidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wrōgisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wrōgidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wrōgidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wrōgiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wrōgidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wrōgidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wrōgijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wrōgidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wrōgiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wrōgidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wrōgijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wrōgidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wrōgijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wrōgidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wrōgijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wrōgidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wrōgijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wrōgidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wrōgijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wrōgidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wrōgijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wrōgidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wrōgijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wrōgidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wrōgi (class-1 present singular weak)
wrōgiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
wrōgijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
wrōgid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: wrēġan

Middle English: wreyen, wrayen

Scots: wre, wry, wray

English: wray

Old Frisian: wrēia

Old Saxon: wrōgian

desc

Middle Low German: wrȫgen, wrugen, rȫgen

German Low German: wrögen

Old Dutch: *wruogen

Middle Dutch: wroegen

Dutch: wroegen

Old High German: ruogen

Middle High German: ruogen

German: rügen


laibu

laibu (nominative singular)
laibō (nominative plural)
laibā (accusative singular)
laibā (accusative plural)
laibā (genitive singular)
laibō (genitive plural)
laibē (dative singular)
laibōm (dative plural)
laibum (dative plural)
laibu (instrumental singular)
laibōm (instrumental plural)
laibum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: lāf
Middle English: love, lave, leve, loove, lafe, læve, loave (Early Middle English)
English: lave
Scots: lave

Old Frisian: lāva

Old Saxon: lēba

Old High German: leiba, leipa

Middle High German: leibe


krafōn

krafōn (infinitive)
krafōnijas (genitive infinitive)
krafōnijē (dative infinitive)
krafōniju (infinitive instrumental)
krafō (first-person present singular)
krafōdā (first-person past singular)
krafōs (present second-person singular)
krafōdēs (past second-person singular)
krafōdōs (past second-person singular)
krafōþ (present singular third-person)
krafōdē (past singular third-person)
krafōdā (past singular third-person)
krafōm (first-person plural present)
krafōdum (first-person past plural)
krafōþ (plural present second-person)
krafōdud (past plural second-person)
krafōnþ (plural present third-person)
krafōdun (past plural third-person)
krafōdī (first-person past singular)
krafōdī (past second-person singular)
krafō (present singular third-person)
krafōdī (past singular third-person)
krafōdīm (first-person past plural)
krafōdīd (past plural second-person)
krafōn (plural present third-person)
krafōdīn (past plural third-person)
krafō (present singular)
krafōþ (plural present)
krafōndī (participle present)
krafōd (participle past)

Old English: crafian, crafiġean, cræfian
Middle English: craven, crave, cravyn, crawyn, krave
English: crave
Scots: crave
Yola: crave


wrītan

wrītan (infinitive)
wrītannjas (genitive infinitive)
wrītannjē (dative infinitive)
wrītannju (infinitive instrumental)
wrītu (first-person present singular)
wrait (first-person past singular)
wrītiʀi (present second-person singular)
writī (past second-person singular)
wrītidi (present singular third-person)
wrait (past singular third-person)
wrītum (first-person plural present)
writum (first-person past plural)
wrītid (plural present second-person)
writud (past plural second-person)
wrītand (plural present third-person)
writun (past plural third-person)
wrītē (first-person present singular)
writī (first-person past singular)
wrītēs (present second-person singular)
wrītē (present singular third-person)
writī (past singular third-person)
wrītēm (first-person plural present)
writīm (first-person past plural)
wrītēþ (plural present second-person)
writīd (past plural second-person)
wrītēn (plural present third-person)
writīn (past plural third-person)
wrīt (present singular)
wrītid (plural present)
wrītandī (participle present)
writan (participle past)

Old English: wrītan

Middle English: writen

English: write

Scots: writ, wryte, wret

Old Frisian: wrīta

Saterland Frisian: riete

West Frisian: write

Old Saxon: wrītan

Middle Low German: wrîten

German Low German: rieten

Low German: rieten, reeten (Westmünsterland)

Old Dutch: *wrītan
Middle Dutch: writen
Dutch: wrijten

Old High German: rīzan, ᚹᚱᚨᛁᛏ (wrait), ᚹᚱᚨᛖᛏ (wraet)

Middle High German: rīzen

German: reißen

→ Danish: ridse

Luxembourgish: räissen

→ Polish: rysować
→ Belarusian: рысава́ць (rysavácʹ)
→ Russian: рисова́ть (risovátʹ)
→ Ukrainian: рисува́ти (rysuváty)


skeuban

skeuban (infinitive)
skeubannjas (genitive infinitive)
skeubannjē (dative infinitive)
skeubannju (infinitive instrumental)
skeubu (first-person present singular)
skaub (first-person past singular)
skiubiʀi (present second-person singular)
skubī (past second-person singular)
skiubidi (present singular third-person)
skaub (past singular third-person)
skeubum (first-person plural present)
skubum (first-person past plural)
skiubid (plural present second-person)
skubud (past plural second-person)
skeuband (plural present third-person)
skubun (past plural third-person)
skeubē (first-person present singular)
skubī (first-person past singular)
skeubēs (present second-person singular)
skeubē (present singular third-person)
skubī (past singular third-person)
skeubēm (first-person plural present)
skubīm (first-person past plural)
skeubēþ (plural present second-person)
skubīd (past plural second-person)
skeubēn (plural present third-person)
skubīn (past plural third-person)
skiub (present singular)
skiubid (plural present)
skeubandī (participle present)
skoban (participle past)

Old English: sċēofan, sċūfan

Middle English: schouven, shoven

Scots: shuve

English: shove

(Old Frisian: *skiāva, *skiōua?), skūva

Saterland Frisian: schuuwe, skuuwe

(West Frisian: sjouwe?), skowe

(→ Dutch: sjouwen?)

(→ Low German: sjove?)

(→ Swedish: sjåa?)

Old Saxon: *skiovan, *skūvan

Middle Low German: schûven

Low German: schuven

→ Danish: skuffe

→ Swedish: skuffa

Old Dutch: *scūvan
Middle Dutch: schuven
Dutch: schuiven
Afrikaans: skuif, skuiwe
Limburgish: sjuve

Old High German: sciopan, scioban

Middle High German: schieben

Alemannic German: schiebe

German: schieben

→ Polish: szybować


gasund

gasund (masculine nominative singular)
gasundu (feminine nominative singular)
gasund (neuter nominative singular)
gasundanā (accusative masculine singular)
gasundā (accusative feminine singular)
gasund (accusative neuter singular)
gasundas (genitive masculine singular)
gasundeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
gasundas (genitive neuter singular)
gasundumē (dative masculine singular)
gasundeʀē (dative feminine singular)
gasundumē (dative neuter singular)
gasundu (instrumental masculine singular)
gasundeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
gasundu (instrumental neuter singular)
gasundē (masculine nominative plural)
gasundō (feminine nominative plural)
gasundu (neuter nominative plural)
gasundā (accusative masculine plural)
gasundā (accusative feminine plural)
gasundu (accusative neuter plural)
gasundeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
gasundeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
gasundeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
gasundēm (dative masculine plural)
gasundum (dative masculine plural)
gasundēm (dative feminine plural)
gasundum (dative feminine plural)
gasundēm (dative neuter plural)
gasundum (dative neuter plural)
gasundēm (instrumental masculine plural)
gasundum (instrumental masculine plural)
gasundēm (feminine instrumental plural)
gasundum (feminine instrumental plural)
gasundēm (instrumental neuter plural)
gasundum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: ġesund
Middle English: ȝesund, isund, izound; sund, sound
English: sound
Scots: sound, soun

Old Frisian:

Saterland Frisian: gesuund

Old Saxon: gisund
Middle Low German: gesunt
Low German: gesund

Old Dutch: gisunt

Middle Dutch: gesont

Dutch: gezond
Afrikaans: gesond
Jersey Dutch: xjezónd
Negerhollands: gesond, gesont
→ Sranan Tongo: gesontu
→ Aukan: gusontu
→ Caribbean Javanese: kheson

Old High German: gisunt
Middle High German: gesunt
Bavarian: gsund
Cimbrian: gazùnt, gesunt (Luserna)
Central Franconian: gesond, jesond, jesonk (Ripuarian)
German: gesund
Hunsrik: gesund
Luxembourgish: gesond
Yiddish: געזונט (gezunt)


burgijan

burgijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
burgijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
burgijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
burgijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
burgiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
burgidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
burgisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
burgidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
burgidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
burgiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
burgidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
burgidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
burgijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
burgidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
burgiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
burgidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
burgijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
burgidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
burgijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
burgidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
burgijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
burgidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
burgijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
burgidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
burgijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
burgidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
burgijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
burgidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
burgijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
burgidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
burgi (class-1 present singular weak)
burgiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
burgijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
burgid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: *byrġan

⇒ Old English: onbyrġan

Old High German: *burgen

⇒ Old High German: untarburgen

Middle High German: bürgen

German: bürgen

From Proto-Germanic *burgijaną. Equivalent to *borg (“promise, debt”) + *-jan, or *burgī (“surety”) + *-jan.


burgijan

Old English: byrġan

Middle English: berien, burien

English: bury

(Anglo-Frisian Germanic) to bury in a mound


-snu

-snu (nominative singular)
-snō (nominative plural)
-snā (accusative singular)
-snā (accusative plural)
-snā (genitive singular)
-snō (genitive plural)
-snē (dative singular)
-snōm (dative plural)
-snum (dative plural)
-snu (instrumental singular)
-snōm (instrumental plural)
-snum (instrumental plural)

Old English: -sn

Old Saxon: *-sna

Old Dutch: *-sna

Old High German: -sna, -nsa

Forms nouns denoting a tool or instrument.


drōsnu

drōsnu (nominative singular)
drōsnō (nominative plural)
drōsnā (accusative singular)
drōsnā (accusative plural)
drōsnā (genitive singular)
drōsnō (genitive plural)
drōsnē (dative singular)
drōsnōm (dative plural)
drōsnum (dative plural)
drōsnu (instrumental singular)
drōsnōm (instrumental plural)
drōsnum (instrumental plural)

Old English: drōsna, drōsne (< *drōhsnǭ)

Middle English: drosen, drowsyn

Old Dutch: *druosana

Middle Dutch: droesene

Dutch: droesem

Afrikaans: droesem

Old High German: truosana, trōsana

Middle High German: truosen

Alemannic German: Truese

German: (obsolete) Drusen, Trusen

From Proto-Germanic *drōhsnō. Equivalent to *drōs (“dregs, sediment”) + *-snu.


luginu

luginu (nominative singular)
luginō (nominative plural)
luginā (accusative singular)
luginā (accusative plural)
luginā (genitive singular)
luginō (genitive plural)
luginē (dative singular)
luginōm (dative plural)
luginum (dative plural)
luginu (instrumental singular)
luginōm (instrumental plural)
luginum (instrumental plural)

Old English: lyġen
Middle English: liȝe, lighe, leghe, lie (likely having merged with descendants of Old English lyġe)
English: lie
Scots: ley, lie

Old Frisian: leine

Saterland Frisian: Löägene (possibly from Middle Low German)

West Frisian: ljeagen, leagen

Old Saxon: lugina

Middle Low German: lȫgene

German Low German: Lögen

→ Danish: løgn

→ Norwegian: lygn

→ Swedish: lögn

Old Dutch: lugina

Middle Dutch: luegene, lōgene

Dutch: leugen
Afrikaans: leuen
Negerhollands: lug, lik
→ West Frisian: leugen

Old High German: lugina

Middle High German: lügene, lügen

German: Lüge (partially)

Luxembourgish: Ligen

Yiddish: ליגן (lign)

From Proto-Germanic *luginō, a late variant of *lugiz (“lie, falsehood”), perhaps reinforced by Proto-Germanic *luginaz (“lying, false”).


ubisu

ubisu (nominative singular)
ubiswō (nominative plural)
ubiswā (accusative singular)
ubiswā (accusative plural)
ubiswā (genitive singular)
ubiswō (genitive plural)
ubiswē (dative singular)
ubiswōm (dative plural)
ubisum (dative plural)
ubisu (instrumental singular)
ubiswōm (instrumental plural)
ubisum (instrumental plural)

desc

Old English: œfis, efis, yfes, *ofes, efes

Middle English: eves, oves

English: eaves, eave

⇒ Middle English: *eves-wall

English: eaves-wall

Scots: easwas, easle, eazle, aisywaas

Old Frisian: ōse

North Frisian: ose

Saterland Frisian: Ouse

West Frisian: oes

Old Saxon: *ovisa

Middle Low German: ȫvese, ȫsene, ȫsen, ȫse, ȫze

Low German: Öse, Ese

⇒ Middle Low German: ovesval, ȫvesval (“eaves-wall”)

Old Dutch: *uvisa, *ovisa

Middle Dutch: ōvese, uevese, ōse, oyse, ōsie

Dutch: ozie, euzie

⇒ Dutch: ozing

Old High German: obisa, obasa

Middle High German: obese, obse

Bavarian: Obesen (dialectal)


ālu

ālu (nominative singular)
ālō (nominative plural)
ālā (accusative singular)
ālā (accusative plural)
ālā (genitive singular)
ālō (genitive plural)
ālē (dative singular)
ālōm (dative plural)
ālum (dative plural)
ālu (instrumental singular)
ālōm (instrumental plural)
ālum (instrumental plural)

>? Old English: āl, ǣl

Old Frisian: *âl, *ēl

Saterland Frisian: Äil

Old Saxon: *āla

Middle Low German: âl

Low German: Ahl

Old Dutch: *āla

Middle Dutch: *âle, *ael

Dutch: aal (possibly borrowed)

Old High German: āla

Middle High German: āle

Cimbrian: aala

German: Ahle


uʀhait

uʀhait (nominative singular)
uʀhaitō (nominative plural)
uʀhaitōs (nominative plural)
uʀhait (accusative singular)
uʀhaitā (accusative plural)
uʀhaitas (genitive singular)
uʀhaitō (genitive plural)
uʀhaitē (dative singular)
uʀhaitum (dative plural)
uʀhaitu (instrumental singular)
uʀhaitum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ōret

Old High German: urheiz


nāhwawisti

nāhwawisti (nominative singular)
nāhwawistī (nominative plural)
nāhwawisti (accusative singular)
nāhwawistī (accusative plural)
nāhwawistī (genitive singular)
nāhwawistijō (genitive plural)
nāhwawistī (dative singular)
nāhwawistim (dative plural)
nāhwawistijum (dative plural)
nāhwawistī (instrumental singular)
nāhwawistim (instrumental plural)
nāhwawistijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: nēawist, nēowist

Old High German: nāhwist


leuhmō

leuhmō (nominative singular)
leuhman (nominative plural)
leuhman (accusative singular)
leuhman (accusative plural)
liuhmini (genitive singular)
leuhman (genitive singular)
leuhmanō (genitive plural)
liuhmini (dative singular)
leuhman (dative singular)
leuhmum (dative plural)
liuhmini (instrumental singular)
leuhman (instrumental singular)
leuhmum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: lēoma
Middle English: leme, leem, lem, leom, lewme, lume, lym, lyme, leame, leome, lome (Early Middle English)
English: leam
Scots: leim, leme

Old Saxon: liomo


firhwijō

firhwijō (nominative plural)
firhwijōs (nominative plural)
firhwijā (accusative plural)
firhwijō (genitive plural)
firhwijum (dative plural)
firhwijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: fīras

Old Saxon: fīrihos

Old High German: firaha

→⇒? Latin: Alaferhviae (< *alafirhwijō)


faiknī

faiknī (masculine nominative singular)
faikniju (feminine nominative singular)
faiknī (neuter nominative singular)
faiknijanā (accusative masculine singular)
faiknijā (accusative feminine singular)
faiknī (accusative neuter singular)
faiknijas (genitive masculine singular)
faiknijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
faiknijas (genitive neuter singular)
faiknijumē (dative masculine singular)
faiknijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
faiknijumē (dative neuter singular)
faikniju (instrumental masculine singular)
faiknijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
faikniju (instrumental neuter singular)
faiknijē (masculine nominative plural)
faiknijō (feminine nominative plural)
faikniju (neuter nominative plural)
faiknijā (accusative masculine plural)
faiknijā (accusative feminine plural)
faikniju (accusative neuter plural)
faiknijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
faiknijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
faiknijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
faiknijēm (dative masculine plural)
faiknijum (dative masculine plural)
faiknijēm (dative feminine plural)
faiknijum (dative feminine plural)
faiknijēm (dative neuter plural)
faiknijum (dative neuter plural)
faiknijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
faiknijum (instrumental masculine plural)
faiknijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
faiknijum (feminine instrumental plural)
faiknijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
faiknijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: fǣcne, fācne
Middle English: fæc, facen, fakenn, foken

Old Saxon: fēkni


ferh

ferh (nominative singular)
ferhō (nominative plural)
ferhōs (nominative plural)
ferh (accusative singular)
ferhā (accusative plural)
ferhas (genitive singular)
ferhō (genitive plural)
ferhē (dative singular)
ferhum (dative plural)
ferhu (instrumental singular)
ferhum (instrumental plural)
ferh (nominative singular)
ferhu (nominative plural)
ferh (accusative singular)
ferhu (accusative plural)
ferhas (genitive singular)
ferhō (genitive plural)
ferhē (dative singular)
ferhum (dative plural)
ferhu (instrumental singular)
ferhum (instrumental plural)

Old English: feorh, feorg
Middle English: fere, vore

Old Frisian: ferch

Old Saxon: ferh, ferah

Old High German: ferah

Middle High German: vërch

German: Ferch (obsolete)


dinku

dinku (masculine nominative singular)
dinku (feminine nominative singular)
dinku (neuter nominative singular)
dinkwanā (accusative masculine singular)
dinkwā (accusative feminine singular)
dinku (accusative neuter singular)
dinkwas (genitive masculine singular)
dinkweʀā (feminine genitive singular)
dinkwas (genitive neuter singular)
dinkumē (dative masculine singular)
dinkweʀē (dative feminine singular)
dinkumē (dative neuter singular)
dinku (instrumental masculine singular)
dinkweʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
dinku (instrumental neuter singular)
dinkwē (masculine nominative plural)
dinkwō (feminine nominative plural)
dinku (neuter nominative plural)
dinkwā (accusative masculine plural)
dinkwā (accusative feminine plural)
dinku (accusative neuter plural)
dinkweʀō (genitive masculine plural)
dinkweʀō (feminine genitive plural)
dinkweʀō (genitive neuter plural)
dinkwēm (dative masculine plural)
dinkum (dative masculine plural)
dinkwēm (dative feminine plural)
dinkum (dative feminine plural)
dinkwēm (dative neuter plural)
dinkum (dative neuter plural)
dinkwēm (instrumental masculine plural)
dinkum (instrumental masculine plural)
dinkwēm (feminine instrumental plural)
dinkum (feminine instrumental plural)
dinkwēm (instrumental neuter plural)
dinkum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Frisian: diunk

North Frisian: jonk

Saterland Frisian: djunk

Related through ablaut to Old Norse dǫkkr.


þeuh

þeuh (nominative singular)
þeuhu (nominative plural)
þeuh (accusative singular)
þeuhu (accusative plural)
þeuhas (genitive singular)
þeuhō (genitive plural)
þeuhē (dative singular)
þeuhum (dative plural)
þeuhu (instrumental singular)
þeuhum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þēoh
Middle English: þigh
English: thigh
Scots: thee

Old Frisian: thiāch

West Frisian: tsjea

Old Saxon: thioh, thio
Middle Low German: dêch, dê, dee
⇒ Low German: Dickbeen

Old Dutch: thīo
Middle Dutch: dië
Dutch: dij
Afrikaans: dy
Limburgish: die, diech

Old High German: dioh

Middle High German: diech
German: Diech (obsolete)
>? German: Dickbein
Yiddish: דיך (dikh)


fleuhan

fleuhan (infinitive)
fleuhannjas (genitive infinitive)
fleuhannjē (dative infinitive)
fleuhannju (infinitive instrumental)
fleuhu (first-person present singular)
flauh (first-person past singular)
fliuhiʀi (present second-person singular)
flugī (past second-person singular)
fliuhidi (present singular third-person)
flauh (past singular third-person)
fleuhum (first-person plural present)
flugum (first-person past plural)
fliuhid (plural present second-person)
flugud (past plural second-person)
fleuhand (plural present third-person)
flugun (past plural third-person)
fleuhē (first-person present singular)
flugī (first-person past singular)
fleuhēs (present second-person singular)
fleuhē (present singular third-person)
flugī (past singular third-person)
fleuhēm (first-person plural present)
flugīm (first-person past plural)
fleuhēþ (plural present second-person)
flugīd (past plural second-person)
fleuhēn (plural present third-person)
flugīn (past plural third-person)
fliuh (present singular)
fliuhid (plural present)
fleuhandī (participle present)
flogan (participle past)

Old English: flēon
Middle English: flen, fleon
English: flee
Scots: flee
Yola: flaadhokes

Old Frisian: fliā

Old Saxon: fliohan

Old Dutch: flian
Middle Dutch: vlien
Dutch: vlieden
Afrikaans: vlied

Old High German: fliohan
Middle High German: vliehen
Alemannic German: flie
German: fliehen


wisti

wisti (nominative singular)
wistī (nominative plural)
wisti (accusative singular)
wistī (accusative plural)
wistī (genitive singular)
wistijō (genitive plural)
wistī (dative singular)
wistim (dative plural)
wistijum (dative plural)
wistī (instrumental singular)
wistim (instrumental plural)
wistijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wist

Old Saxon: wist

Middle Low German: wist

Old High German: wist

Middle High German: wist

From Proto-Germanic *wistiz (“being”). Equivalent to *wesan (“to be”) + *-þi.


wisti

Old English: wist

Middle English: wist, wiste, wyste

Old Saxon: wist

Middle Low German: wist

Old High German: wist

Middle High German: wist

From Proto-Germanic *wistiz (“food”). Equivalent to *wesan (“to consume, feast”) + *-þi.


faihijan

faihijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
faihijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
faihijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
faihijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
faihiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
faihidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
faihisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
faihidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
faihidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
faihiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
faihidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
faihidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
faihijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
faihidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
faihiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
faihidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
faihijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
faihidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
faihijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
faihidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
faihijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
faihidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
faihijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
faihidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
faihijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
faihidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
faihijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
faihidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
faihijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
faihidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
faihi (class-1 present singular weak)
faihiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
faihijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
faihid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: fǣġan

Middle English: feahen

Old High German: fēhen

Middle High German: vēhen

From Proto-Germanic *faihijaną. Equivalent to *faih (“coloured”) + *-jan.


faihijan

Old High German: fēhen

Middle High German: vēhen, fēhen

Old Saxon: *fēhian

desc

Middle Low German: vêen, veien, vêyen, vêhen

⇒ Old Saxon: āfēhian


þwerh

þwerh (masculine nominative singular)
þwerhu (feminine nominative singular)
þwerh (neuter nominative singular)
þwerhanā (accusative masculine singular)
þwerhā (accusative feminine singular)
þwerh (accusative neuter singular)
þwerhas (genitive masculine singular)
þwerheʀā (feminine genitive singular)
þwerhas (genitive neuter singular)
þwerhumē (dative masculine singular)
þwerheʀē (dative feminine singular)
þwerhumē (dative neuter singular)
þwerhu (instrumental masculine singular)
þwerheʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
þwerhu (instrumental neuter singular)
þwerhē (masculine nominative plural)
þwerhō (feminine nominative plural)
þwerhu (neuter nominative plural)
þwerhā (accusative masculine plural)
þwerhā (accusative feminine plural)
þwerhu (accusative neuter plural)
þwerheʀō (genitive masculine plural)
þwerheʀō (feminine genitive plural)
þwerheʀō (genitive neuter plural)
þwerhēm (dative masculine plural)
þwerhum (dative masculine plural)
þwerhēm (dative feminine plural)
þwerhum (dative feminine plural)
þwerhēm (dative neuter plural)
þwerhum (dative neuter plural)
þwerhēm (instrumental masculine plural)
þwerhum (instrumental masculine plural)
þwerhēm (feminine instrumental plural)
þwerhum (feminine instrumental plural)
þwerhēm (instrumental neuter plural)
þwerhum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: þweorh, þwerh

Middle English: thwīre, thwyre

Old Frisian: þweres (adverb)

West Frisian: twer

desctree

Old Saxon: thwerh, ðwerh
Middle Low German: dwer, dwers, queer
Low German: dweer, dwars, quars; (> verquars)
→ German: verquast
→ Middle English: dwere, dwire
→ Scots: queer
→ English: queer
→ German: queer, Queer
→ Russian: квир (kvir)
→ Swedish: queer

Old Dutch: *thwerh, *thwerhes

desc

Middle Dutch: dwer, dwers, dwersch, dwāers

Dutch: dwars

Afrikaans: dwars

Old High German: dwerah

Middle High German: dwërch, twërch, twerhe, twer

Alemannic German: Twër

q

Upper German; still in <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">Zwerchfell</i>

German: quer (Central German); zwerch (Upper German; still in Zwerchfell)

→ Swedish: kvär (dated)

→ Danish: kvær (dated)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: kvær (dated)

Luxembourgish: queesch

Vilamovian: twar


sehwā

sehwā (nominative singular)
sehwōn (nominative plural)
sehwōn (accusative singular)
sehwōn (accusative plural)
sehwōn (genitive singular)
sehwōnō (genitive plural)
sehwōn (dative singular)
sehwōm (dative plural)
sehwum (dative plural)
sehwōn (instrumental singular)
sehwōm (instrumental plural)
sehwum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sēo, sēa, sīo f or m

Old Frisian: siā m

Old Saxon: seha

Old Saxon: seho, sio m

Middle Low German: sên, sênt

German Low German: Sehn

Old Dutch: sia

Old High German: seha


mihs

mihs (nominative singular)
mihsu (nominative plural)
mihs (accusative singular)
mihsu (accusative plural)
mihsas (genitive singular)
mihsō (genitive plural)
mihsē (dative singular)
mihsum (dative plural)
mihsu (instrumental singular)
mihsum (instrumental plural)

Old English: meox, miox

Middle English: mix, mex, myx

Old Frisian: *miuks

Saterland Frisian: Mjuks

Old Saxon: mehs


slaihā

slaihā (nominative singular)
slaihōn (nominative plural)
slaihōn (accusative singular)
slaihōn (accusative plural)
slaihōn (genitive singular)
slaihōnō (genitive plural)
slaihōn (dative singular)
slaihōm (dative plural)
slaihum (dative plural)
slaihōn (instrumental singular)
slaihōm (instrumental plural)
slaihum (instrumental plural)

Old English: slā

desctree

Middle English: slo, sla, sloo
English: sloe
Scots: slae

Middle Low German: slē

Middle Dutch: sleeu

Dutch: slee, (dialectal) sleeuw

Old High German: slēha, slēwа

German: Schlehe


mihstu

mihstu (nominative singular)
mihstiwi (nominative plural)
mihstō (nominative plural)
mihstu (accusative singular)
mihstū (accusative plural)
mihstō (genitive singular)
mihstiwō (genitive plural)
mihstiwi (dative singular)
mihstō (dative singular)
mihstum (dative plural)
mihstu (instrumental singular)
mihstum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: mist

Middle Low German: mist, mest

German Low German: Mess

Old Dutch: *mist

Middle Dutch: mest

Dutch: mest

Old High German: mist

Middle High German: mist

German: Mist

Luxembourgish: Mëscht

From Proto-Germanic *mihstuz. Equivalent to *mīgan (“to urinate”) + *-þu.


mīgan

mīgan (infinitive)
mīgannjas (genitive infinitive)
mīgannjē (dative infinitive)
mīgannju (infinitive instrumental)
mīgu (first-person present singular)
maig (first-person past singular)
mīgiʀi (present second-person singular)
migī (past second-person singular)
mīgidi (present singular third-person)
maig (past singular third-person)
mīgum (first-person plural present)
migum (first-person past plural)
mīgid (plural present second-person)
migud (past plural second-person)
mīgand (plural present third-person)
migun (past plural third-person)
mīgē (first-person present singular)
migī (first-person past singular)
mīgēs (present second-person singular)
mīgē (present singular third-person)
migī (past singular third-person)
mīgēm (first-person plural present)
migīm (first-person past plural)
mīgēþ (plural present second-person)
migīd (past plural second-person)
mīgēn (plural present third-person)
migīn (past plural third-person)
mīg (present singular)
mīgid (plural present)
mīgandī (participle present)
migan (participle past)

Old English: mīgan

Middle English: mīȝen

Old Frisian: *mīga

Saterland Frisian: miege

West Frisian: mige

Old Saxon: *mīgan

Middle Low German: mîgen

Low German: miegen

→ Dutch: miegen

Old Dutch: *mīgan
Middle Dutch: migen


plihti

plihti (nominative singular)
plihtī (nominative plural)
plihti (accusative singular)
plihtī (accusative plural)
plihtī (genitive singular)
plihtijō (genitive plural)
plihtī (dative singular)
plihtim (dative plural)
plihtijum (dative plural)
plihtī (instrumental singular)
plihtim (instrumental plural)
plihtijum (instrumental plural)

>? Old English: pliht

Middle English: pliht, pliȝt, plyght

Scots: plicht

English: plight

Old Frisian: plicht

Saterland Frisian: Plicht

West Frisian: plicht

Old Saxon: *pliht

Middle Low German: plicht

German Low German: Plicht

Low German: plicht

→ Danish: pligt

→ Swedish: plikt

→ Norwegian Bokmål: plikt

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: plikt

Old Dutch: *pliht

Middle Dutch: plicht

Dutch: plicht

Afrikaans: plig

Old High German: *pfliht, *phliht

Middle High German: pflicht

German: Pflicht

→ Luxembourgish: Flicht, Pflicht

→ Saterland Frisian: Flicht


faih

faih (masculine nominative singular)
faihu (feminine nominative singular)
faih (neuter nominative singular)
faihanā (accusative masculine singular)
faihā (accusative feminine singular)
faih (accusative neuter singular)
faihas (genitive masculine singular)
faiheʀā (feminine genitive singular)
faihas (genitive neuter singular)
faihumē (dative masculine singular)
faiheʀē (dative feminine singular)
faihumē (dative neuter singular)
faihu (instrumental masculine singular)
faiheʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
faihu (instrumental neuter singular)
faihē (masculine nominative plural)
faihō (feminine nominative plural)
faihu (neuter nominative plural)
faihā (accusative masculine plural)
faihā (accusative feminine plural)
faihu (accusative neuter plural)
faiheʀō (genitive masculine plural)
faiheʀō (feminine genitive plural)
faiheʀō (genitive neuter plural)
faihēm (dative masculine plural)
faihum (dative masculine plural)
faihēm (dative feminine plural)
faihum (dative feminine plural)
faihēm (dative neuter plural)
faihum (dative neuter plural)
faihēm (instrumental masculine plural)
faihum (instrumental masculine plural)
faihēm (feminine instrumental plural)
faihum (feminine instrumental plural)
faihēm (instrumental neuter plural)
faihum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: fāh, fāg

desc

Middle English: fou, fāh, fow, foȝ, fawe

Scots: faw

Old Saxon: fēh

Middle Low German: *vê (in compound vêwerk, veewerk)

Old High German: fēh

Middle High German: vēch, vēhe, vē

German: Feh; (obsolete) fech, feh

From Proto-Germanic *faihaz (“coloured”).


faih

Old English: fāh

Middle English: fo

English: foe

Old Frisian: fāch

Old Dutch: *fēh, *gifēh

Middle Dutch: vêe, gevêe

Old High German: gifēh

Middle High German: gevēch, gevē

From Proto-Germanic *faihaz (“hostile”).


worpōn

worpōn (infinitive)
worpōnijas (genitive infinitive)
worpōnijē (dative infinitive)
worpōniju (infinitive instrumental)
worpō (first-person present singular)
worpōdā (first-person past singular)
worpōs (present second-person singular)
worpōdēs (past second-person singular)
worpōdōs (past second-person singular)
worpōþ (present singular third-person)
worpōdē (past singular third-person)
worpōdā (past singular third-person)
worpōm (first-person plural present)
worpōdum (first-person past plural)
worpōþ (plural present second-person)
worpōdud (past plural second-person)
worpōnþ (plural present third-person)
worpōdun (past plural third-person)
worpōdī (first-person past singular)
worpōdī (past second-person singular)
worpō (present singular third-person)
worpōdī (past singular third-person)
worpōdīm (first-person past plural)
worpōdīd (past plural second-person)
worpōn (plural present third-person)
worpōdīn (past plural third-person)
worpō (present singular)
worpōþ (plural present)
worpōndī (participle present)
worpōd (participle past)

Old English: worpian

Old Saxon: *worpōn

Middle Low German: worpen

⇒ Middle Low German: rincworpen

Old High German: worfōn

Middle High German: worfen

Cimbrian: bòrfan

From Proto-Germanic *wurpōną, from Proto-Indo-European *werb- (“to turn, bend”).


kuningadōm

kuningadōm (nominative singular)
kuningadōmō (nominative plural)
kuningadōmōs (nominative plural)
kuningadōm (accusative singular)
kuningadōmā (accusative plural)
kuningadōmas (genitive singular)
kuningadōmō (genitive plural)
kuningadōmē (dative singular)
kuningadōmum (dative plural)
kuningadōmu (instrumental singular)
kuningadōmum (instrumental plural)

Old English: cyningdōm

Middle English: kyngdom, kingdom

Scots: kingdom

English: kingdom

Old Frisian: *keningdōm, *kiningdōm

West Frisian: keuningdom

Old Saxon: kuningdōm

Old Dutch: *kuningduom

Middle Dutch: koninghdom

Dutch: koningdom

Old High German: kuningtuom

Middle High German: künictuom

German: Königtum

From Proto-Germanic *kuningadōmaz. Equivalent to *kuning + *-dōm.
Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *kuningadōmaz
Proto-West Germanic *kuningadōm


hupibain

hupibain (nominative singular)
hupibainu (nominative plural)
hupibain (accusative singular)
hupibainu (accusative plural)
hupibainas (genitive singular)
hupibainō (genitive plural)
hupibainē (dative singular)
hupibainum (dative plural)
hupibainu (instrumental singular)
hupibainum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hypebān

Middle English: hepebone

English: hipbone

Old Frisian: *hupebēn

West Frisian: heupbonke, heupebonke

Old Saxon: *hupbēn

Middle Low German:

German Low German:

Westmünsterländisch: Hoowbeen

Old Dutch: *hupbēn

Middle Dutch:

Dutch: heupbeen

Old High German: hufbein


knukil

knukil (nominative singular)
knukilō (nominative plural)
knukilōs (nominative plural)
knukil (accusative singular)
knukilā (accusative plural)
knukilas (genitive singular)
knukilō (genitive plural)
knukilē (dative singular)
knukilum (dative plural)
knukilu (instrumental singular)
knukilum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: cnucel, cnyċel, *cnocel
Middle English: knokel, knokelle, knokill, knokyl, knokylle
English: knuckle
Scots: knockle
Yola: noughel

Old Frisian: knokel

Saterland Frisian: Knouel

West Frisian: knokkel

Old Saxon: *knukil

Middle Low German: knö̂kel, knuckel
Dutch Low Saxon:
Twents: knökel
German Low German:
Altmärkisch: Knäöw'l
Westphalian:
Dortmunder: Knüakel
Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Knökel
Sauerländisch: Knüekel, Knöekel (Balve), Knǖkel (Niedersfeld), Knüökel (Attendorn), Kniäkel (Kirchhundem, Selbecke)
→ Danish: knogle

Old Dutch: *knukil

Middle Dutch: cnôkel, cnockel

Dutch: knokkel, kneukel

Afrikaans: kneukel

West Flemish: knekel

Old High German: *knuchil

Middle High German: knöchel

German: Knöchel (ankle, knuckle)

Hunsrik: Knechel

Luxembourgish: Knéchel

Yiddish: קנעכל (knekhl)

From Proto-Germanic *knukilaz. Equivalent to *knokō + *-il.


knokō

knokō (nominative singular)
knokan (nominative plural)
knokan (accusative singular)
knokan (accusative plural)
knukini (genitive singular)
knokan (genitive singular)
knokanō (genitive plural)
knukini (dative singular)
knokan (dative singular)
knokum (dative plural)
knukini (instrumental singular)
knokan (instrumental singular)
knokum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *knuko, *knoko

desc

North Frisian: knook, knooke, knaake, knååke

Saterland Frisian: Knoke

Old Saxon: *knuko

Middle Low German: *knocke

Plautdietsch: Knoaken

→ Norwegian: knoke

Old Dutch: *knuko

Middle Dutch: cnoke

Dutch: knook

Afrikaans: knok

desctree

Old High German: knohha
Middle High German: knoche
Alemannic German: Chnoche
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Knoche
Kölsch: Knoche
Luxembourgish: Knachen
German: Knochen
→ Emilian: gnôc, gnòc
→ Italian: nocca
→ Venetian: gnoco
→ Italian: gnocco


skuldrublad

skuldrublad (nominative singular)
skuldrubladu (nominative plural)
skuldrublad (accusative singular)
skuldrubladu (accusative plural)
skuldrubladas (genitive singular)
skuldrubladō (genitive plural)
skuldrubladē (dative singular)
skuldrubladum (dative plural)
skuldrubladu (instrumental singular)
skuldrubladum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *sċuldorblæd

Middle English: schulder-blade, shudre-blade, shulder-blade, schulder blade, schuldre blad, shulderblad
English: shoulderblade

Old Frisian: *skulderbled

West Frisian: skouderblêd

Old Saxon: *skuldarblad

Middle Low German: schulderblat

German Low German:

Westmünsterländisch: Schulderbladd

→ Danish: skulderblad

→ Norwegian: skulderblad

→ Swedish: skulderblad

Old Dutch: *skulderblat

desc

Middle Dutch: schouderblat, scouderblat, scolderblat

desctree

Dutch: schouderblad
Afrikaans: skouerblad

Old High German: *scultarblat

Middle High German: schulterblat

German: Schulterblatt

From *skuldru (“shoulder”) + *blad (“blade”).


skinubain

skinubain (nominative singular)
skinubainu (nominative plural)
skinubain (accusative singular)
skinubainu (accusative plural)
skinubainas (genitive singular)
skinubainō (genitive plural)
skinubainē (dative singular)
skinubainum (dative plural)
skinubainu (instrumental singular)
skinubainum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sċinbān
Middle English: schineboon, schinbone
English: shinbone

Old Saxon:

Middle Low German:

German Low German:

Altmärkisch: Schä̂nbên

→ Danish: skinneben

→ Swedish: skenben

Old Dutch:

Middle Dutch:

Dutch: sheenbeen

Old High German: skinabein

desc

Middle High German: schinbein, schinebein

German: Schienbein

Alemannic German: Schinbein

Hunsrik: Schienbeen


breustabain

breustabain (nominative singular)
breustabainu (nominative plural)
breustabain (accusative singular)
breustabainu (accusative plural)
breustabainas (genitive singular)
breustabainō (genitive plural)
breustabainē (dative singular)
breustabainum (dative plural)
breustabainu (instrumental singular)
breustabainum (instrumental plural)

Old English: brēostbān

Middle English: brestbon, brust-bon, breoste-bon,

English: breastbone

Old Frisian: brustben, burstben

Saterland Frisian: brustben

West Frisian: boarstbien, boarstbonke

Old Dutch:

Middle Dutch: borstbeen

Dutch: borstbeen

Old High German: brustbein

Middle High German:

German: Brustbein

From Proto-Germanic *breustabainą. Equivalent to *breust (“breast”) + *bain (“bone”). Cognate with Icelandic brjóstbein, Swedish bröstben.


halsabain

halsabain (nominative singular)
halsabainu (nominative plural)
halsabain (accusative singular)
halsabainu (accusative plural)
halsabainas (genitive singular)
halsabainō (genitive plural)
halsabainē (dative singular)
halsabainum (dative plural)
halsabainu (instrumental singular)
halsabainum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *halsbēn

Middle Low German: halsbēn

Old High German: halsbein

From Proto-Germanic *halsabainą. Equivalent to *hals (“neck”) + *bain (“bone”). Cognate with Old Norse hálsbeina.


wiþubain

wiþubain (nominative singular)
wiþubainu (nominative plural)
wiþubain (accusative singular)
wiþubainu (accusative plural)
wiþubainas (genitive singular)
wiþubainō (genitive plural)
wiþubainē (dative singular)
wiþubainum (dative plural)
wiþubainu (instrumental singular)
wiþubainum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wiþobān, widobān

English: withbone

Old Frisian: widubēn, widebēn, wedebēn

Old Saxon: *withebēn

Middle Low German: wêdebên

From Proto-Germanic *wiþubainą. Equivalent to *wiþu (“collar”) + *bain (“bone”). Cognate with Old Norse viðbein.


skinu

skinu (nominative singular)
skinō (nominative plural)
skinā (accusative singular)
skinā (accusative plural)
skinā (genitive singular)
skinō (genitive plural)
skinē (dative singular)
skinōm (dative plural)
skinum (dative plural)
skinu (instrumental singular)
skinōm (instrumental plural)
skinum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: sċinu
Middle English: schyne, schen, schin, schine, schyn, schynne, scine, shine, shyn, shzine
English: shin
Scots: shin, schin

Old Frisian: *skine

Saterland Frisian: Skiene

West Frisian: skine

Old Saxon: skina
Middle Low German: schēne
German Low German: Scheen, Schien
→ Danish: skinne
→ Norwegian: skinne, skina
→ Swedish: skena

Old Dutch: *skina

Middle Dutch: schene

Dutch: scheen
Afrikaans: skeen

Old High German: skina, scina, scena
Middle High German: schine, schin
Alemannic German: Schine
German: Schiene
→ Hungarian: sín
→ Macedonian: шина (šina)
→ Polish: szyna
→ Romanian: șină
→ Russian: шина (šina)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: шина
Latin script: šina
Luxembourgish: Schinn

Lombardic: *skinko
→ Italian: stinco
 (see there for further descendants)


fijēn

fijēn (infinitive)
fijēnijas (genitive infinitive)
fijēnijē (dative infinitive)
fijēniju (infinitive instrumental)
fijē (first-person present singular)
fij?dā (first-person past singular)
fijēs (present second-person singular)
fij?dēs (past second-person singular)
fijēþ (present singular third-person)
fij?dē (past singular third-person)
fij?dā (past singular third-person)
fijēm (first-person plural present)
fij?dum (first-person past plural)
fijēþ (plural present second-person)
fij?dud (past plural second-person)
fijēnþ (plural present third-person)
fij?dun (past plural third-person)
fij?dī (first-person past singular)
fij?dī (past second-person singular)
fijē (present singular third-person)
fij?dī (past singular third-person)
fij?dīm (first-person past plural)
fij?dīd (past plural second-person)
fijēn (plural present third-person)
fij?dīn (past plural third-person)
fijē (present singular)
fijēþ (plural present)
fijēndī (participle present)
fij?d (participle past)

Old English: fēoġan

Old High German: fīēn


witō

witō (nominative singular)
witan (nominative plural)
witan (accusative singular)
witan (accusative plural)
witini (genitive singular)
witan (genitive singular)
witanō (genitive plural)
witini (dative singular)
witan (dative singular)
witum (dative plural)
witini (instrumental singular)
witan (instrumental singular)
witum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wita

Old High German: wizzo


gawitō

gawitō (nominative singular)
gawitan (nominative plural)
gawitan (accusative singular)
gawitan (accusative plural)
gawitini (genitive singular)
gawitan (genitive singular)
gawitanō (genitive plural)
gawitini (dative singular)
gawitan (dative singular)
gawitum (dative plural)
gawitini (instrumental singular)
gawitan (instrumental singular)
gawitum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġewita

Old Frisian: wita

Old Saxon: *giwito

⇒ Old Saxon: mēngiwito

Old High German: giwizzo


kwidu

kwidu (nominative singular)
kwidiwi (nominative plural)
kwidō (nominative plural)
kwidu (accusative singular)
kwidū (accusative plural)
kwidō (genitive singular)
kwidiwō (genitive plural)
kwidiwi (dative singular)
kwidō (dative singular)
kwidum (dative plural)
kwidu (instrumental singular)
kwidum (instrumental plural)

Old English: cwidu, cweodu, cudu

desc

Middle English: code, quide, quede, coude, cudde

English: cud, quid

Scots: cude, cuid

Old High German: quiti, kuti

Middle High German: küte, küt

German: Kitt (“cement, putty”)


þų̄hijan

þų̄hijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
þų̄hijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
þų̄hijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
þų̄hijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
þų̄hiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
þų̄hidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
þų̄hisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
þų̄hidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þų̄hidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þų̄hiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
þų̄hidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þų̄hidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þų̄hijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
þų̄hidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
þų̄hiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
þų̄hidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
þų̄hijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
þų̄hidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
þų̄hijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
þų̄hidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
þų̄hijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
þų̄hidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
þų̄hijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
þų̄hidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
þų̄hijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
þų̄hidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
þų̄hijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
þų̄hidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
þų̄hijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
þų̄hidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
þų̄hi (class-1 present singular weak)
þų̄hiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
þų̄hijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
þų̄hid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: þȳwan, þēowan, þēon, þīwan

Middle English: thewen

⇒ Old English: geþȳwan

Old Saxon: *thūwian

Middle Low German: dûwen, dü̂wen, döuwen

German Low German: duven

Old Dutch: *thūwen

Middle Dutch: duwen, douwen

Dutch: duwen, douwen

Old High German: diuhen, dūhen


bīdan

bīdan (infinitive)
bīdannjas (genitive infinitive)
bīdannjē (dative infinitive)
bīdannju (infinitive instrumental)
bīdu (first-person present singular)
baid (first-person past singular)
bīdiʀi (present second-person singular)
bidī (past second-person singular)
bīdidi (present singular third-person)
baid (past singular third-person)
bīdum (first-person plural present)
bidum (first-person past plural)
bīdid (plural present second-person)
bidud (past plural second-person)
bīdand (plural present third-person)
bidun (past plural third-person)
bīdē (first-person present singular)
bidī (first-person past singular)
bīdēs (present second-person singular)
bīdē (present singular third-person)
bidī (past singular third-person)
bīdēm (first-person plural present)
bidīm (first-person past plural)
bīdēþ (plural present second-person)
bidīd (past plural second-person)
bīdēn (plural present third-person)
bidīn (past plural third-person)
bīd (present singular)
bīdid (plural present)
bīdandī (participle present)
bidan (participle past)

desctree

Old English: bīdan
Middle English: biden
English: bide
Scots: byde, bide

Old Frisian: *bīda

North Frisian: bida

Old Saxon: bīdan
Middle Low German: bîden
Low German: bieden

Old Dutch: bīdan
Middle Dutch: biden
Dutch: beiden (obsolete)

Old High German: bītan, pītan

Middle High German: bīten

Alemannic German: beite

Cimbrian: paiten

German: beiten (dialectal)


witōd

past participle of *witōn (“to know, destine”)


witōd

witōd (masculine nominative singular)
witōdu (feminine nominative singular)
witōd (neuter nominative singular)
witōdanā (accusative masculine singular)
witōdā (accusative feminine singular)
witōd (accusative neuter singular)
witōdas (genitive masculine singular)
witōdeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
witōdas (genitive neuter singular)
witōdumē (dative masculine singular)
witōdeʀē (dative feminine singular)
witōdumē (dative neuter singular)
witōdu (instrumental masculine singular)
witōdeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
witōdu (instrumental neuter singular)
witōdē (masculine nominative plural)
witōdō (feminine nominative plural)
witōdu (neuter nominative plural)
witōdā (accusative masculine plural)
witōdā (accusative feminine plural)
witōdu (accusative neuter plural)
witōdeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
witōdeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
witōdeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
witōdēm (dative masculine plural)
witōdum (dative masculine plural)
witōdēm (dative feminine plural)
witōdum (dative feminine plural)
witōdēm (dative neuter plural)
witōdum (dative neuter plural)
witōdēm (instrumental masculine plural)
witōdum (instrumental masculine plural)
witōdēm (feminine instrumental plural)
witōdum (feminine instrumental plural)
witōdēm (instrumental neuter plural)
witōdum (instrumental neuter plural)

desc

Old English: witod, weoted, weotod, wited, wuted

Old Saxon: witod


gabedōn

gabedōn (infinitive)
gabedōnijas (genitive infinitive)
gabedōnijē (dative infinitive)
gabedōniju (infinitive instrumental)
gabedō (first-person present singular)
gabedōdā (first-person past singular)
gabedōs (present second-person singular)
gabedōdēs (past second-person singular)
gabedōdōs (past second-person singular)
gabedōþ (present singular third-person)
gabedōdē (past singular third-person)
gabedōdā (past singular third-person)
gabedōm (first-person plural present)
gabedōdum (first-person past plural)
gabedōþ (plural present second-person)
gabedōdud (past plural second-person)
gabedōnþ (plural present third-person)
gabedōdun (past plural third-person)
gabedōdī (first-person past singular)
gabedōdī (past second-person singular)
gabedō (present singular third-person)
gabedōdī (past singular third-person)
gabedōdīm (first-person past plural)
gabedōdīd (past plural second-person)
gabedōn (plural present third-person)
gabedōdīn (past plural third-person)
gabedō (present singular)
gabedōþ (plural present)
gabedōndī (participle present)
gabedōd (participle past)

Old English: ġebedian

Old Dutch: *gibedon

Middle Dutch: gebēden

Old High German: gibetōn


gabiddjan

gabiddjan (infinitive)
gabiddjannjas (genitive infinitive)
gabiddjannjē (dative infinitive)
gabiddjannju (infinitive instrumental)
gabiddju (first-person present singular)
gabad (first-person past singular)
gabidiʀi (present second-person singular)
gabādī (past second-person singular)
gabididi (present singular third-person)
gabad (past singular third-person)
gabiddjum (first-person plural present)
gabādum (first-person past plural)
gabidid (plural present second-person)
gabādud (past plural second-person)
gabiddjand (plural present third-person)
gabādun (past plural third-person)
gabiddjē (first-person present singular)
gabādī (first-person past singular)
gabiddjēs (present second-person singular)
gabiddjē (present singular third-person)
gabādī (past singular third-person)
gabiddjēm (first-person plural present)
gabādīm (first-person past plural)
gabiddjēþ (plural present second-person)
gabādīd (past plural second-person)
gabiddjēn (plural present third-person)
gabādīn (past plural third-person)
gabidi (present singular)
gabidid (plural present)
gabiddjandī (participle present)
gabedan (participle past)

desctree

Old English: ġebiddan
Middle English: ȝebidden, ybidden, ibidden

Old Saxon: gibiddian

Old High German: *gibitten

Middle High German: gebitten, gebiten

From Proto-Germanic *gabidjaną. Equivalent to *ga- + *biddjan.


frijōn

frijōn (infinitive)
frijōnijas (genitive infinitive)
frijōnijē (dative infinitive)
frijōniju (infinitive instrumental)
frijō (first-person present singular)
frijōdā (first-person past singular)
frijōs (present second-person singular)
frijōdēs (past second-person singular)
frijōdōs (past second-person singular)
frijōþ (present singular third-person)
frijōdē (past singular third-person)
frijōdā (past singular third-person)
frijōm (first-person plural present)
frijōdum (first-person past plural)
frijōþ (plural present second-person)
frijōdud (past plural second-person)
frijōnþ (plural present third-person)
frijōdun (past plural third-person)
frijōdī (first-person past singular)
frijōdī (past second-person singular)
frijō (present singular third-person)
frijōdī (past singular third-person)
frijōdīm (first-person past plural)
frijōdīd (past plural second-person)
frijōn (plural present third-person)
frijōdīn (past plural third-person)
frijō (present singular)
frijōþ (plural present)
frijōndī (participle present)
frijōd (participle past)

Old English: frīġan, frēoġan, frēon

desc

Middle English: freen, freoȝen, freoen, fren

Scots: fre, frey, frie

English: free

Old Frisian: frīa, frīaia, friāia, frāia

Saterland Frisian: fräie

West Frisian: frije

Old Saxon: friehōn, friohōn

Middle Low German: vrîen, vrigen, vrihen, freien

German Low German: frejen

Low German: frijen

Old Dutch: *frīon

⇒ Old Dutch: afrio

Middle Dutch: vrien, vrihen, vrijen

Dutch: vrijen

Afrikaans: vry

Old High German: *frīhōn, *frīwōn, *frijōn

Middle High German: frīen, vrīen, vrijen, vrigen

German: freien

Luxembourgish: freien


weban

weban (infinitive)
webannjas (genitive infinitive)
webannjē (dative infinitive)
webannju (infinitive instrumental)
webu (first-person present singular)
wab (first-person past singular)
wibiʀi (present second-person singular)
wābī (past second-person singular)
wibidi (present singular third-person)
wab (past singular third-person)
webum (first-person plural present)
wābum (first-person past plural)
wibid (plural present second-person)
wābud (past plural second-person)
weband (plural present third-person)
wābun (past plural third-person)
webē (first-person present singular)
wābī (first-person past singular)
webēs (present second-person singular)
webē (present singular third-person)
wābī (past singular third-person)
webēm (first-person plural present)
wābīm (first-person past plural)
webēþ (plural present second-person)
wābīd (past plural second-person)
webēn (plural present third-person)
wābīn (past plural third-person)
wib (present singular)
wibid (plural present)
webandī (participle present)
weban (participle past)

Old English: wefan

Middle English: weven

Scots: weve, weive, weif, wyf

English: weave

Old Frisian: weva

Saterland Frisian: weeuwe

West Frisian: weve

Old Saxon: weƀan, wevan

Middle Low German: weven

German Low German: weven

desctree

Old Dutch: wevan
Middle Dutch: wēven
Dutch: weven
Afrikaans: weef, wewe
Limburgish: waeve

Old High German: weban

Middle High German: weben

German: weben

Luxembourgish: wiewen

Yiddish: וועבן (vebn)


nefō

nefō (nominative singular)
nefan (nominative plural)
nefan (accusative singular)
nefan (accusative plural)
nifini (genitive singular)
nefan (genitive singular)
nefanō (genitive plural)
nifini (dative singular)
nefan (dative singular)
nefum (dative plural)
nifini (instrumental singular)
nefan (instrumental singular)
nefum (instrumental plural)

Old English: nefa
Middle English: neve, neave, neva, nefa, newe, neafe, nefe
English: neve

Old Frisian: neva

Old Saxon: nevo

Middle Low German: nēve

German Low German: Neev

Old Dutch: nevo

Middle Dutch: nēve
Dutch: neef
Afrikaans: neef
→ Papiamentu: neefie (dated)
→ Sranan Tongo: nefo, neifo
→ Dutch: niffo
→ West Frisian: neef
Limburgish: naef

Old High German: nevo, nefo
Middle High German: nëfe, nëve, nëf, nebe
Cimbrian: néf
German: Neffe, Nefe (obsolete)
→? German Low German: Neffe


hruggjabain

hruggjabain (nominative singular)
hruggjabainu (nominative plural)
hruggjabain (accusative singular)
hruggjabainu (accusative plural)
hruggjabainas (genitive singular)
hruggjabainō (genitive plural)
hruggjabainē (dative singular)
hruggjabainum (dative plural)
hruggjabainu (instrumental singular)
hruggjabainum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hryċġbān, hryġċbān
Middle English: riggebon, riggebone
English: ridgebone
Scots: rigbane

Old Frisian: hreggbên, hregbên

Saterland Frisian: Räägebunke

West Frisian: rêchbonke

Old Saxon: *hruggibēn

desc

Middle Low German: rüggebên, rüggebein, rücbên

German Low German: Rüggbunk

Old Dutch: *ruggibēn

Middle Dutch: ruggebene, ruggebeen

Dutch: ruggebeen

Old High German: ruggibein, rukkibein, ruckibein

Middle High German: rückebein, ruckebein, rucbein, ruckepein, rucpein, ruggebein, ruggebēn; ruckenbein

German: Rückenbein

From Proto-Germanic *hrugjabainą. Equivalent to *hrugi (“back, spine”) + *bain (“bone”).


weraldi

weraldi (nominative singular)
weraldī (nominative plural)
weraldi (accusative singular)
weraldī (accusative plural)
weraldī (genitive singular)
weraldijō (genitive plural)
weraldī (dative singular)
weraldim (dative plural)
weraldijum (dative plural)
weraldī (instrumental singular)
weraldim (instrumental plural)
weraldijum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: weorold, weorld, weoruld, woruld, worold, world, wiorld, wyrold, wiarald, wuruld
Middle English: world
English: world
Scots: warld

Old Frisian: warld, wrald

North Frisian: wrald, wrâl

Saterland Frisian: Wareld

West Frisian: wrâld

Old Saxon: werold
Middle Low German: werlt, werlde
Low German: Welt, Werlt
German Low German: Wereld, Welt
Plautdietsch: Welt

Old Dutch: werolt

Middle Dutch: wērelt

Dutch: wereld
Afrikaans: wêreld
Negerhollands: wereld, weerelt

Limburgish: wereld

Old High German: weralt
Middle High German: wërlt
Alemannic German: Wält
Bavarian: Wejt, Wöd, Wölt
Central Franconian:
Transylvanian Saxon: Wält
German: Welt
Luxembourgish: Welt
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Welt
Vilamovian: wełt
Yiddish: וועלט (velt)


kinnubain

kinnubain (nominative singular)
kinnubainu (nominative plural)
kinnubain (accusative singular)
kinnubainu (accusative plural)
kinnubainas (genitive singular)
kinnubainō (genitive plural)
kinnubainē (dative singular)
kinnubainum (dative plural)
kinnubainu (instrumental singular)
kinnubainum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ċinbān

Middle English: cynnbane

English: chinbone

Old Saxon: *kinnibēn

Middle Low German: kinnebēn

Old High German: kinnibein

Middle High German: kinnebein

Yiddish: קינביין (kinbeyn)

From Proto-Germanic *kinnubainą. Equivalent to *kinnu (“chin, jaw”) + *bain (“bone”). Cognate with Old Norse kinnebein.


kinnubakō

kinnubakō (nominative singular)
kinnubakan (nominative plural)
kinnubakan (accusative singular)
kinnubakan (accusative plural)
kinnubakini (genitive singular)
kinnubakan (genitive singular)
kinnubakanō (genitive plural)
kinnubakini (dative singular)
kinnubakan (dative singular)
kinnubakum (dative plural)
kinnubakini (instrumental singular)
kinnubakan (instrumental singular)
kinnubakum (instrumental plural)

desc

Old Frisian: tsinbakka, szinbakke, szinbaca, kinbaka, kenbak

Old Saxon: kinnebako, kinnibaco

Middle Low German:

German Low German:

Münsterländisch: Kinnbacke

Sauerländisch: Kinnbacke sg, Kinnebacken pl

→ Danish: kindbakke

Old Dutch: kinnebako

Middle Dutch: kinnebacke, kenebacke, kinbacke

Dutch: kinnebak

→ West Frisian: kinnebak

Old High German: kinnibahho, chinnibahho, chinnipacho

Middle High German: kinnebacke, kinnebache, kinbacke, kenebacke

German: Kinnbacke sg, Kinnbacken pl

From *kinnu (“chin, jaw”) + *bakō (“back”).


kākabain

kākabain (nominative singular)
kākabainu (nominative plural)
kākabain (accusative singular)
kākabainu (accusative plural)
kākabainas (genitive singular)
kākabainō (genitive plural)
kākabainē (dative singular)
kākabainum (dative plural)
kākabainu (instrumental singular)
kākabainum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ċēacbān, *ċēocbān

Middle English: *chekeban, chekebon, chekbone

English: cheekbone

Scots: cheekbane

Old Dutch: *cācbēn

Middle Dutch: câkebêen

Dutch: kaakbeen

→ Swedish: käkben

From *kākā (“jaw, cheek”) + *bain (“bone”).


keukā

keukā (nominative singular)
keukōn (nominative plural)
keukōn (accusative singular)
keukōn (accusative plural)
keukōn (genitive singular)
keukōnō (genitive plural)
keukōn (dative singular)
keukōm (dative plural)
keukum (dative plural)
keukōn (instrumental singular)
keukōm (instrumental plural)
keukum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: ċēoce, ċēce — Anglian
Middle English: cheke, cheek, cheeke, cheoke, chieke, chike, choke, chooke, chyke (merged with ċēace)
English: cheek; choke
Scots: cheek

desc

Old Frisian: ciāke, sthiāke, stiāke, tziāke, sciāke, tseziāke, ziāke, tzāke

North Frisian: sīk

Saterland Frisian: Sooke

West Frisian: tsjeak, tsjeek (obsolete)

Old Saxon: *kioka

Middle Low German: kêke

→ Old Frisian: kēke

From Proto-Germanic *keukǭ. Cognate with Old Norse kok (“throat”).


hwerbabain

hwerbabain (nominative singular)
hwerbabainu (nominative plural)
hwerbabain (accusative singular)
hwerbabainu (accusative plural)
hwerbabainas (genitive singular)
hwerbabainō (genitive plural)
hwerbabainē (dative singular)
hwerbabainum (dative plural)
hwerbabainu (instrumental singular)
hwerbabainum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hweorfbān

Old Saxon: hwerfbēn

Old High German: *hwerfbein, werfbein, wirfbein

From *hwerban (“to turn”) + *bain (“bone”).


knewaskībā

knewaskībā (nominative singular)
knewaskībōn (nominative plural)
knewaskībōn (accusative singular)
knewaskībōn (accusative plural)
knewaskībōn (genitive singular)
knewaskībōnō (genitive plural)
knewaskībōn (dative singular)
knewaskībōm (dative plural)
knewaskībum (dative plural)
knewaskībōn (instrumental singular)
knewaskībōm (instrumental plural)
knewaskībum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *cnēosċīfe

Middle English: kne shyve

English: kneeshive (archaic)

Old Frisian: kniskive, kneskive, kniscive, knescive

Old Saxon: *knioskība, *knioskīva

Middle Low German: *knêchêve

German Low German:

Westmünsterländisch: Kneeschiewe, Kneeschiebe

Old Dutch: *cnioskība

Middle Dutch: cnieschîve, cniescîve

Dutch: knieschijf

Old High German: kniuskība

Middle High German: knieschîbe

German: Kniescheibe

Luxembourgish: Knéischeif

From *kneu (“knee”) + *skībā (“disc, plate, slice”), from Proto-Germanic *skībǭ (whence Old Norse skífa (“slice”)), from Proto-Indo-European *skey- (“to cut, split”).


bōþl

bōþl (nominative singular)
bōþlu (nominative plural)
bōþl (accusative singular)
bōþlu (accusative plural)
bōþlas (genitive singular)
bōþlō (genitive plural)
bōþlē (dative singular)
bōþlum (dative plural)
bōþlu (instrumental singular)
bōþlum (instrumental plural)

Old English: botl, botel, bold

Middle English: bottle, botle, buttle

English: bottle (“dwelling, building”)

Old Frisian: bōdel, bōld

North Frisian: bol, boel, böl

Saterland Frisian: bûdel, bôdel

West Frisian: boel

Old Saxon: bōdal

Middle Low German: bôdel, bôl

German Low German:

Klevisch-Weselisch: Baul

Westmünsterländisch: Buddel, Büoddel

Old Dutch: *buothal

Middle Dutch: boedel, bodel

Dutch: boedel, boel

Afrikaans: boedel, boel

→ English: boodle


daugan

daugan (infinitive)
daugannjas (genitive infinitive)
daugannjē (dative infinitive)
daugannju (infinitive instrumental)
daugu (first-person present singular)
deōg (first-person past singular)
daugiʀi (present second-person singular)
deōgī (past second-person singular)
daugidi (present singular third-person)
deōg (past singular third-person)
daugum (first-person plural present)
deōgum (first-person past plural)
daugid (plural present second-person)
deōgud (past plural second-person)
daugand (plural present third-person)
deōgun (past plural third-person)
daugē (first-person present singular)
deōgī (first-person past singular)
daugēs (present second-person singular)
daugē (present singular third-person)
deōgī (past singular third-person)
daugēm (first-person plural present)
deōgīm (first-person past plural)
daugēþ (plural present second-person)
deōgīd (past plural second-person)
daugēn (plural present third-person)
deōgīn (past plural third-person)
daug (present singular)
daugid (plural present)
daugandī (participle present)
daugan (participle past)

Old English: *dēagan, only attested in 3sg pret. dēog

Old High German: *tougan, only attested in the pp. tougan

Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“smoke”) or *dʰewk-, late metathesis of *(s)kew-dʰ- (“to hide”).


blātijan

blātijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
blātijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
blātijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
blātijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
blātiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
blātidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
blātisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
blātidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blātidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blātiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
blātidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blātidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blātijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
blātidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
blātiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
blātidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
blātijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
blātidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
blātijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
blātidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
blātijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
blātidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
blātijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
blātidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
blātijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
blātidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
blātijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
blātidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
blātijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
blātidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
blāti (class-1 present singular weak)
blātiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
blātijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
blātid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: blǣtan
Middle English: bleten, blete, bleyte, blætenn
English: bleat
Scots: blete, bleit, blate, blait
⇒ Scots: blaitand (present participle)
→ English: blatant

Old Frisian: *blēta

Saterland Frisian: blēte, blētsje

West Frisian: bâlte, blêtsje, bletterje

Old Saxon: *blātian

Middle Low German: blêten

Low German: bleten

Old Dutch: *blāten

Middle Dutch: blâten, blêten

Dutch: blaten, bleiten

Old High German: blāzen, plāzen

Middle High German: blāzen

German: blaßen, blätzen, blässen


laubu

laubu (nominative singular)
laubō (nominative plural)
laubā (accusative singular)
laubā (accusative plural)
laubā (genitive singular)
laubō (genitive plural)
laubē (dative singular)
laubōm (dative plural)
laubum (dative plural)
laubu (instrumental singular)
laubōm (instrumental plural)
laubum (instrumental plural)

Old English: lēaf

Middle English: lefe, leve

Scots: leve, leiv

English: leave

Old Frisian: *lāve

desc

Saterland Frisian: Loofe, Loouwe, Looche

West Frisian: leafe

Old Saxon: *lōva

Middle Low German: *lôve

German Low German: Loov

Old Dutch: *lōva

Middle Dutch: *lôve

Dutch: love

Old High German: *louba

Middle High German:

German: Laube


baʀ

baʀ (masculine nominative singular)
baʀu (feminine nominative singular)
baʀ (neuter nominative singular)
baʀanā (accusative masculine singular)
baʀā (accusative feminine singular)
baʀ (accusative neuter singular)
baʀas (genitive masculine singular)
baʀeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
baʀas (genitive neuter singular)
baʀumē (dative masculine singular)
baʀeʀē (dative feminine singular)
baʀumē (dative neuter singular)
baʀu (instrumental masculine singular)
baʀeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
baʀu (instrumental neuter singular)
baʀē (masculine nominative plural)
baʀō (feminine nominative plural)
baʀu (neuter nominative plural)
baʀā (accusative masculine plural)
baʀā (accusative feminine plural)
baʀu (accusative neuter plural)
baʀeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
baʀeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
baʀeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
baʀēm (dative masculine plural)
baʀum (dative masculine plural)
baʀēm (dative feminine plural)
baʀum (dative feminine plural)
baʀēm (dative neuter plural)
baʀum (dative neuter plural)
baʀēm (instrumental masculine plural)
baʀum (instrumental masculine plural)
baʀēm (feminine instrumental plural)
baʀum (feminine instrumental plural)
baʀēm (instrumental neuter plural)
baʀum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: bær
Middle English: bare, bar, baar, bayre, bere, beare
English: bare
Scots: bare, bair
Yola: baar, baare

Old Frisian: ber

Saterland Frisian: boar

West Frisian: baar

Old Saxon: bar
Middle Low German: bâr
German Low German: baar

Old Dutch: *bar
Middle Dutch: bāer
Dutch: bar
Dutch: baar

Old High German: bar
Middle High German: bar
German: bar, baar
Yiddish: פּאַרעוו (parev)
→ English: parev, pareve

→ Old French: baraigne, baraing

Middle French: brehaigne

French: bréhaigne

→ Middle English: barain, barein

English: barren


raupijan

raupijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
raupijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
raupijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
raupijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
raupiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
raupidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
raupisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
raupidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
raupidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
raupiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
raupidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
raupidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
raupijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
raupidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
raupiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
raupidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
raupijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
raupidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
raupijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
raupidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
raupijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
raupidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
raupijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
raupidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
raupijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
raupidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
raupijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
raupidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
raupijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
raupidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
raupi (class-1 present singular weak)
raupiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
raupijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
raupid (class-1 participle past weak)

desc

Old English: rīepan, rȳpan (“to rip, tear; pillage, plunder”)

Middle English: ripen, rupen, rippen, rypen

Old Saxon: *rōpian

Middle Low German: rôpen

German Low German: röpen

Old Dutch: *roupen, *rōpen

Middle Dutch: ropen

Dutch: ropen (dialectal)

desctree

Old High German: roufen, rouffen
Middle High German: roufen, röufen, reufen
German: raufen


frōd

frōd (masculine nominative singular)
frōdu (feminine nominative singular)
frōd (neuter nominative singular)
frōdanā (accusative masculine singular)
frōdā (accusative feminine singular)
frōd (accusative neuter singular)
frōdas (genitive masculine singular)
frōdeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
frōdas (genitive neuter singular)
frōdumē (dative masculine singular)
frōdeʀē (dative feminine singular)
frōdumē (dative neuter singular)
frōdu (instrumental masculine singular)
frōdeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
frōdu (instrumental neuter singular)
frōdē (masculine nominative plural)
frōdō (feminine nominative plural)
frōdu (neuter nominative plural)
frōdā (accusative masculine plural)
frōdā (accusative feminine plural)
frōdu (accusative neuter plural)
frōdeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
frōdeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
frōdeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
frōdēm (dative masculine plural)
frōdum (dative masculine plural)
frōdēm (dative feminine plural)
frōdum (dative feminine plural)
frōdēm (dative neuter plural)
frōdum (dative neuter plural)
frōdēm (instrumental masculine plural)
frōdum (instrumental masculine plural)
frōdēm (feminine instrumental plural)
frōdum (feminine instrumental plural)
frōdēm (instrumental neuter plural)
frōdum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: frōd
Middle English: *frod, *frode, *frood
English: frood
Scots: frood

Old Frisian: frōd

North Frisian: frod

Saterland Frisian: frod

West Frisian: froed

Old Saxon: frōd

Middle Low German: vrôt

Old Dutch: *fruod, *fruot

Middle Dutch: vroet

Dutch: vroed
Afrikaans: vroed

Old High German: fruot, frōt
Middle High German: vruot
Alemannic German: fruetig


frōbrijan

frōbrijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
frōbrijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
frōbrijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
frōbrijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
frōbriju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
frōbridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
frōbrisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
frōbridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
frōbridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
frōbriþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
frōbridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
frōbridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
frōbrijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
frōbridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
frōbriþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
frōbridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
frōbrijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
frōbridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
frōbrijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
frōbridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
frōbrijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
frōbridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
frōbrijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
frōbridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
frōbrijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
frōbridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
frōbrijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
frōbridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
frōbrijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
frōbridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
frōbri (class-1 present singular weak)
frōbriþ (class-1 plural present weak)
frōbrijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
frōbrid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: frēfran, frēfrian

Old Saxon: frōvrian

desc

Old High German: fluobaren, fluobiren, fluobren (with dissimilation of the first -r-)

From *frōbru (“solace, comfort”) + *-jan.


fundī

fundī (masculine nominative singular)
fundiju (feminine nominative singular)
fundī (neuter nominative singular)
fundijanā (accusative masculine singular)
fundijā (accusative feminine singular)
fundī (accusative neuter singular)
fundijas (genitive masculine singular)
fundijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
fundijas (genitive neuter singular)
fundijumē (dative masculine singular)
fundijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
fundijumē (dative neuter singular)
fundiju (instrumental masculine singular)
fundijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
fundiju (instrumental neuter singular)
fundijē (masculine nominative plural)
fundijō (feminine nominative plural)
fundiju (neuter nominative plural)
fundijā (accusative masculine plural)
fundijā (accusative feminine plural)
fundiju (accusative neuter plural)
fundijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
fundijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
fundijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
fundijēm (dative masculine plural)
fundijum (dative masculine plural)
fundijēm (dative feminine plural)
fundijum (dative feminine plural)
fundijēm (dative neuter plural)
fundijum (dative neuter plural)
fundijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
fundijum (instrumental masculine plural)
fundijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
fundijum (feminine instrumental plural)
fundijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
fundijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: *fynde

⇒ Old English: ēaþfynde (“easy to find”) (+ ēaþe (“easy”))

From Proto-Germanic *fundiz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


furhu

furhu (nominative singular)
forhō (nominative plural)
forhā (accusative singular)
forhā (accusative plural)
forhā (genitive singular)
forhō (genitive plural)
furhē (dative singular)
forhōm (dative plural)
furhum (dative plural)
furhu (instrumental singular)
forhōm (instrumental plural)
furhum (instrumental plural)

Old English: fyrh, furh

q

Middle English: firre (perhaps partially or wholly derived from Old Norse)

English: fir

Scots: fir

Old Frisian: *fēre, *fiūre

Saterland Frisian: Fjúre

Old Saxon: furia

Middle Low German: vūre

Low German: Fuhr

Old Dutch: *fura

⇒ Dutch: Forolta

⇒ Dutch: Fornhese

Old High German: furh, furuh

Middle High German: vorhe

German: Föhre


wraiþ

wraiþ (masculine nominative singular)
wraiþu (feminine nominative singular)
wraiþ (neuter nominative singular)
wraiþanā (accusative masculine singular)
wraiþā (accusative feminine singular)
wraiþ (accusative neuter singular)
wraiþas (genitive masculine singular)
wraiþeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
wraiþas (genitive neuter singular)
wraiþumē (dative masculine singular)
wraiþeʀē (dative feminine singular)
wraiþumē (dative neuter singular)
wraiþu (instrumental masculine singular)
wraiþeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
wraiþu (instrumental neuter singular)
wraiþē (masculine nominative plural)
wraiþō (feminine nominative plural)
wraiþu (neuter nominative plural)
wraiþā (accusative masculine plural)
wraiþā (accusative feminine plural)
wraiþu (accusative neuter plural)
wraiþeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
wraiþeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
wraiþeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
wraiþēm (dative masculine plural)
wraiþum (dative masculine plural)
wraiþēm (dative feminine plural)
wraiþum (dative feminine plural)
wraiþēm (dative neuter plural)
wraiþum (dative neuter plural)
wraiþēm (instrumental masculine plural)
wraiþum (instrumental masculine plural)
wraiþēm (feminine instrumental plural)
wraiþum (feminine instrumental plural)
wraiþēm (instrumental neuter plural)
wraiþum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: wrāþ
Middle English: wrath, wroth
English: wrath, wroth
Scots: wraith

Old Frisian: wrēth

Saterland Frisian: wreed

West Frisian: wreed

Old Saxon: wrēth
Middle Low German: wrêt
German Low German: wreed, wreet

Old Dutch: *wrēth

Middle Dutch: wreet

Dutch: wreed

Afrikaans: wreed

Old High German: reid, (Central Franconian) wrēde

Middle High German: reit

Alemannic German: reid

Central Franconian: fried


wliti

wliti (nominative singular)
wlitī (nominative plural)
wliti (accusative singular)
wlitī (accusative plural)
wlitī (genitive singular)
wlittjō (genitive plural)
wlitī (dative singular)
wlitim (dative plural)
wlittjum (dative plural)
wlitī (instrumental singular)
wlitim (instrumental plural)
wlittjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wlite, wlitu

Middle English: wlite

Old Frisian: wlite

Old Saxon: wliti


bōku

bōku (nominative singular)
bōkō (nominative plural)
bōkā (accusative singular)
bōkā (accusative plural)
bōkā (genitive singular)
bōkō (genitive plural)
bōkē (dative singular)
bōkōm (dative plural)
bōkum (dative plural)
bōku (instrumental singular)
bōkōm (instrumental plural)
bōkum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bōc
Middle English: bok
English: book (see there for further descendants)
Geordie English: buik, beuk
Scots: buik, beuk, buke, beuck
Yola: buke

Old Frisian: bōk

West Frisian: boeck, boek

Old Saxon: bōka
Middle Low German: bôke
Low German: Böök, Böke
Dutch Low Saxon: beuk
→ Dutch: beuk

Old Dutch: *buoka (in placenames)

Middle Dutch: boec

q

Dutch: boek (only in compounds and placenames, displaced by eastern beuk)

desctree

Old High German: buohha, *buohhia, buocha
Middle High German: buoche (possibly conflated with descendant from *bōkō)
Alemannic German: Buech
German: Buche, Büche
Luxembourgish: Bich
Vilamovian: bih́łiḱ


walō

walō (nominative singular)
walan (nominative plural)
walan (accusative singular)
walan (accusative plural)
walini (genitive singular)
walan (genitive singular)
walanō (genitive plural)
walini (dative singular)
walan (dative singular)
walum (dative plural)
walini (instrumental singular)
walan (instrumental singular)
walum (instrumental plural)


faikn

faikn (nominative singular)
faiknu (nominative plural)
faikn (accusative singular)
faiknu (accusative plural)
faiknas (genitive singular)
faiknō (genitive plural)
faiknē (dative singular)
faiknum (dative plural)
faiknu (instrumental singular)
faiknum (instrumental plural)

Old English: fācn, fācen

Middle English: faken, fakenn, foken

Old Frisian: *fēkn

⇒ Old Frisian: fēknia (verb)

Old Saxon: fēkn, fēkan

Old High German: feihhan, feichan

Middle High German: veichen


seþl

seþl (nominative singular)
seþlu (nominative plural)
seþl (accusative singular)
seþlu (accusative plural)
seþlas (genitive singular)
seþlō (genitive plural)
seþlē (dative singular)
seþlum (dative plural)
seþlu (instrumental singular)
seþlum (instrumental plural)

>? Old English: setl, seatl, seatul, sedl, seld, seotl, seotul, seþel, seðl, sitl, sotl, setel
Middle English: setle, selde (with metathesis)
English: settle, seld (with metathesis)

Old Saxon: sethal

Middle Low German: sēdel

Old Dutch: *sethal

Middle Dutch: sēdel

Dutch: zedel

Limburgish: zaedel

Old High German: sedal

Middle High German: sedel


hleuþr

hleuþr (nominative singular)
hleuþru (nominative plural)
hleuþr (accusative singular)
hleuþru (accusative plural)
hleuþras (genitive singular)
hleuþrō (genitive plural)
hleuþrē (dative singular)
hleuþrum (dative plural)
hleuþru (instrumental singular)
hleuþrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hlēoþor

Old High German: liodar


morþr

morþr (nominative singular)
morþru (nominative plural)
morþr (accusative singular)
morþru (accusative plural)
morþras (genitive singular)
morþrō (genitive plural)
morþrē (dative singular)
morþrum (dative plural)
morþru (instrumental singular)
morþrum (instrumental plural)

Old English: morþor

desc

Middle English: morther, murther, murthre, mourdre, mudre, murder

English: murther, murder

Scots: murther, morther, murder

Old Dutch: *morthor, mordor

Old High German: mordor

→ Latin: murdrum

Old French: murdre, mordre, murtre

Middle French: meurtre

French: meurtre


hasl

hasl (nominative singular)
haslō (nominative plural)
haslōs (nominative plural)
hasl (accusative singular)
haslā (accusative plural)
haslas (genitive singular)
haslō (genitive plural)
haslē (dative singular)
haslum (dative plural)
haslu (instrumental singular)
haslum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: hæsl, hæsel, hæsil
Middle English: hasel, hasell, hasil, hasill, hasul, hasyl, haysell, hesel, hesill, hesyll
English: hazel (dialectal halse)
Scots: hazel
Yola: hawlse

Old Saxon: *hasal

Middle Low German: hāsel

Plautdietsch: Hausel

Old Dutch: *hasal

Middle Dutch: hāsel

Dutch: hazel

Old High German: hasal

Middle High German: hasel

German: Hasel


stahlī

stahhlī (nominative singular)
stahhliju (nominative plural)
stahhlī (accusative singular)
stahhliju (accusative plural)
stahhlijas (genitive singular)
stahhlijō (genitive plural)
stahhlijē (dative singular)
stahhlijum (dative plural)
stahhliju (instrumental singular)
stahhlijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: stīele, stȳle, stīle, stēle
Middle English: stele, stel, stelle, steole, steyle, stiele, style
English: steel
→ Maori: tīra
Scots: stele, steill
Yola: stheel

Old Saxon: stehli

From Proto-Germanic *stahliją, a collective formed from *stahlą (Proto-West Germanic *stahl).

(North Sea Germanic) Alternative form of *stahl


þį̄slu

þį̄slu (nominative singular)
þį̄slō (nominative plural)
þį̄slā (accusative singular)
þį̄slā (accusative plural)
þį̄slā (genitive singular)
þį̄slō (genitive plural)
þį̄slē (dative singular)
þį̄slōm (dative plural)
þį̄slum (dative plural)
þį̄slu (instrumental singular)
þį̄slōm (instrumental plural)
þį̄slum (instrumental plural)

Old English: þīsl, þīxl

Old Frisian: *thixel

West Frisian: tiksel

Old Saxon: *thīhsla

Middle Low German: dîsel, dissel

Low German: Deissel, Distel

→ German: Deissel, Deißel

→ Polish: dyszel
→ Russian: ды́шло (dýšlo)

Old Dutch: *thīssala

Middle Dutch: dissele, dissel

Dutch: dissel

Old High German: dīhsala, dīhsila

Middle High German: dīhsel

German: Deichsel

Luxembourgish: Täissel


stebnu

stebnu (nominative singular)
stebnō (nominative plural)
stebnā (accusative singular)
stebnā (accusative plural)
stebnā (genitive singular)
stebnō (genitive plural)
stebnē (dative singular)
stebnōm (dative plural)
stebnum (dative plural)
stebnu (instrumental singular)
stebnōm (instrumental plural)
stebnum (instrumental plural)

Old English: stefn, stemn

Middle English: steven, stemne, stempne

English: steven, stevvon, stempne

Scots: stevin, stewyn

Old Frisian: stifne, stemme

Saterland Frisian: Stämme

West Frisian: stim

Old Saxon: *stefna, stemna

desc

Middle Low German: stēvene, stempne, stemne, stimne, stemme, stimme

German Low German: Stemm, Stimm

Old Dutch: *stevna, stemma, stimna

Middle Dutch: stevene, stemme

Dutch: stem

Limburgish: stöm

Old High German: stimna

Middle High German: stimme

German: Stimme

Luxembourgish: Stëmm