āmaitijā

āmaitijā (nominative singular)
āmaitijōn (nominative plural)
āmaitijōn (accusative singular)
āmaitijōn (accusative plural)
āmaitijōn (genitive singular)
āmaitijōnō (genitive plural)
āmaitijōn (dative singular)
āmaitijōm (dative plural)
āmaitijum (dative plural)
āmaitijōn (instrumental singular)
āmaitijōm (instrumental plural)
āmaitijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ǣmete, ǣmette, ǣmytte
Middle English: ampte, amte, emete, amete, emotte, emot, ante, empt, empte, amote
English: ant, emmet
Scots: emmot, emott, imat
⇒ Yola: emothee

Old Frisian:

West Frisian: eameler, eamel, eamelder

Old Saxon: *āmētia

Middle Low German: êmete, emete, âmete, amete, âmente, êmte, empte, êmeke, emeke
German Low German:
Altmärkisch: Emk, Êmk
Westphalian:
Dortmundisch: Hampelte, Ampelte
Sauerländisch: Amperte

Old Dutch: *āmēta

Middle Dutch: âmete, emte

Dutch: emt, empt (eastern dialects)

Old High German: āmeiza

Middle High German: āmeize

Alemannic German: Ameisse

Bavarian: Åmeisn, Omeis, Omoas

Cimbrian: amasa

German: Ameise, Emse (obsolete)

→ Luxembourgish: Ameis

Hunsrik: Omeis

Luxembourgish: Omes (chiefly in Seechomes)

Central Franconian:

Ripuarian: Secksoemel

→ Limburgish: aomezeik

Unknown. Possibly from unstressed *uʀ- (“off, away”), or perhaps *āmā (“larva”), + *maitan (“to cut off”) + *-jā (agent suffix), if not a substrate borrowing.


skrīan

skrīan (infinitive)
skrīannjas (genitive infinitive)
skrīannjē (dative infinitive)
skrīannju (infinitive instrumental)
skrīu (first-person present singular)
skrai (first-person past singular)
skrīiʀi (present second-person singular)
skriī (past second-person singular)
skrīidi (present singular third-person)
skrai (past singular third-person)
skrīum (first-person plural present)
skrium (first-person past plural)
skrīid (plural present second-person)
skriud (past plural second-person)
skrīand (plural present third-person)
skriun (past plural third-person)
skrīē (first-person present singular)
skriī (first-person past singular)
skrīēs (present second-person singular)
skrīē (present singular third-person)
skriī (past singular third-person)
skrīēm (first-person plural present)
skriīm (first-person past plural)
skrīēþ (plural present second-person)
skriīd (past plural second-person)
skrīēn (plural present third-person)
skriīn (past plural third-person)
skrī (present singular)
skrīid (plural present)
skrīandī (participle present)
skrian (participle past)

Old English: sċrēon

Old Frisian: skrīa

Old Saxon: *skrīan

desctree

Old Dutch: *scrīan
Middle Dutch: schriën
Dutch: schriën, schrieën (dialectal)

Old High German: scrīan

Middle High German: schrīen

Alemannic German: schriie

German: schreien

Hunsrik: schreue

Yiddish: שרײַען (shrayen)

→ Old French: escrier, acrier, escrïer
Middle French: escrier, écrier
French: écrier
→ Middle English: ascrien, ascryen
English: scry


krāā

krāā (nominative singular)
krāōn (nominative plural)
krāōn (accusative singular)
krāōn (accusative plural)
krāōn (genitive singular)
krāōnō (genitive plural)
krāōn (dative singular)
krāōm (dative plural)
krāum (dative plural)
krāōn (instrumental singular)
krāōm (instrumental plural)
krāum (instrumental plural)

Old English: crāwe, crāuuae — early
Middle English: crowe, crawe, crow, crauw, craw
English: crow
Geordie English: craw
Scots: craw
Yola: croowe, crowe, crouw

Old Frisian: *krā, *krē

West Frisian: krie

Old Saxon: krāia, krāa

Middle Low German: krâ, kreie

Plautdietsch: Krauj

Old Dutch: *krāia (in placenames)

Middle Dutch: crâye
Dutch: kraai
Afrikaans: kraai
Limburgish: krej

Old High German: krāwa, kraja, krāha

Middle High German: krā, krāe, krāwe

Cimbrian: kre

German: Krähe

Hunsrik: Kreh

Luxembourgish: Kréi

Vilamovian: kröw

Yiddish: קראָ (kro)

From Proto-Germanic *krēǭ. Equivalent to *krāan (“to crow”) + *-jā.


maʀg

maʀg (nominative singular)
maʀgu (nominative plural)
maʀg (accusative singular)
maʀgu (accusative plural)
maʀgas (genitive singular)
maʀgō (genitive plural)
maʀgē (dative singular)
maʀgum (dative plural)
maʀgu (instrumental singular)
maʀgum (instrumental plural)

Old English: mærh, mearh, mearg

desc

Middle English: mary, marow, marowe, marowȝ

English: marrow

Scots: merch, mery, mairch

Old Frisian: *march, merch, merg

West Frisian: murch, march, moarch

Old Saxon: marg

Middle Low German: marg

Old Dutch: marg

Middle Dutch: march, merch

Dutch: merg

Afrikaans: murg

Old High German: marg

Middle High German: marc, march

Central Franconian: Märch, March (Moselle Franconian), Mark (many dialects via German)

German: Mark

→ Saterland Frisian: Maak

Luxembourgish: Muerch

Vilamovian: miök

Yiddish: מאַרך (markh)


timrijan

timrijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
timrijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
timrijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
timrijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
timriju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
timridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
timrisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
timridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
timridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
timriþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
timridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
timridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
timrijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
timridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
timriþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
timridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
timrijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
timridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
timrijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
timridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
timrijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
timridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
timrijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
timridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
timrijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
timridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
timrijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
timridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
timrijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
timridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
timri (class-1 present singular weak)
timriþ (class-1 plural present weak)
timrijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
timrid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: timbran

Middle English: timbren

English: timber

Old Frisian: timbra

Old Saxon: timbrian

Middle Low German: timberen, timmeren

Old Dutch: timbren

Middle Dutch: timmeren

Dutch: timmeren

Afrikaans: timmer

Old High German: zimbaren

Middle High German: zimbern

German: zimmern

From Proto-Germanic *timrijaną. Equivalent to *timr (“(act of) building; building, structure”) + *-jan.


timr

timr (nominative singular)
timru (nominative plural)
timr (accusative singular)
timru (accusative plural)
timras (genitive singular)
timrō (genitive plural)
timrē (dative singular)
timrum (dative plural)
timru (instrumental singular)
timrum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: timber
Middle English: timber
English: timber
Scots: timmer, tymmer, tymer

Old Frisian: timber, timmer

Saterland Frisian: Timmer

West Frisian: timmer

Old Saxon: timbar
Middle Low German: timber, timmer
German Low German: Timmer
Westphalian:
Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Timmer
Westmünsterländisch: Timmer

Old Dutch: *timbar

Middle Dutch: timber, timmer

Dutch: timmer

Old High German: zimbar

desc

Middle High German: zimber, zimmer, zimer

German: Zimmer

Luxembourgish: Zëmmer

Yiddish: צימער (tsimer)


wōstī

wōstī (masculine nominative singular)
wōstiju (feminine nominative singular)
wōstī (neuter nominative singular)
wōstijanā (accusative masculine singular)
wōstijā (accusative feminine singular)
wōstī (accusative neuter singular)
wōstijas (genitive masculine singular)
wōstijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
wōstijas (genitive neuter singular)
wōstijumē (dative masculine singular)
wōstijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
wōstijumē (dative neuter singular)
wōstiju (instrumental masculine singular)
wōstijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
wōstiju (instrumental neuter singular)
wōstijē (masculine nominative plural)
wōstijō (feminine nominative plural)
wōstiju (neuter nominative plural)
wōstijā (accusative masculine plural)
wōstijā (accusative feminine plural)
wōstiju (accusative neuter plural)
wōstijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
wōstijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
wōstijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
wōstijēm (dative masculine plural)
wōstijum (dative masculine plural)
wōstijēm (dative feminine plural)
wōstijum (dative feminine plural)
wōstijēm (dative neuter plural)
wōstijum (dative neuter plural)
wōstijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
wōstijum (instrumental masculine plural)
wōstijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
wōstijum (feminine instrumental plural)
wōstijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
wōstijum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: wēste
Middle English: weste, west, wesste (Ormulum)

Old Frisian: wēste, wōst

Saterland Frisian: wöist

West Frisian: woast

Old Saxon: wōsti

Middle Low German: wôste, wûste

German Low German: wööst

Old Dutch: wuosti
Middle Dutch: woeste
Dutch: woest
Afrikaans: woes
Limburgish: weus

Old High German: wuosti, wuasti

Middle High German: wüeste

German: wüst

Luxembourgish: wéischt

Hunsrik: wiest

→ Vulgar Latin: *wasti, *guasti

Old French: waste, wast, gaste

Middle French: gast

→ Middle English: waste, wast

English: waste

Scots: waste, wast, waist

From Proto-Germanic *wōstaz, *wōstuz + *-ī (adjective suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁weh₂-s-to-s, *h₁weh₂-s-tu-s, from *h₁weh₂- (“to leave, abandon”). Cognate with Latin vāstus (“empty; wasted; vast”), Old Irish fás (“empty, void, uninhabited”).

cog

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache


galaubijan

galaubijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
galaubijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
galaubijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
galaubijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
galaubiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
galaubidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
galaubisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
galaubidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
galaubidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
galaubiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
galaubidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
galaubidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
galaubijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
galaubidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
galaubiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
galaubidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
galaubijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
galaubidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
galaubijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
galaubidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
galaubijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
galaubidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
galaubijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
galaubidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
galaubijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
galaubidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
galaubijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
galaubidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
galaubijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
galaubidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
galaubi (class-1 present singular weak)
galaubiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
galaubijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
galaubid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: ġelīefan, ġelȳfan — Late West Saxon, ġelēfan — Anglian
Middle English: ȝeleven, yleven, ileven

Old Frisian: lēva

Saterland Frisian: leeuwe

West Frisian: liuwa, lyowa

Old Saxon: gilōvian

Middle Low German: gelôven

German Low German: glöven, löven

Plautdietsch: jleewe

Old Dutch: gilōven

Middle Dutch: gelôven

Dutch: geloven
Afrikaans: glo
Berbice Creole Dutch: glofu
Javindo: gelofen
Jersey Dutch: xjelôve
Negerhollands: geloof, gloof

Limburgish: geluive

Old High German: gilouben

Middle High German: gelouben, gelöuben

desc

Central Franconian: jläuve, jlööve, gleewe, glaawe

Luxembourgish: gleewen

Hunsrik: glaave

Cimbrian: klóoban

German: glauben, (obsolete) gläuben

Yiddish: גלייבן (gleybn)

From Proto-Germanic *galaubijaną. Equivalent to *ga- + *laubijan.


þuris

þuris (nominative singular)
þurisō (nominative plural)
þurisōs (nominative plural)
þuris (accusative singular)
þurisā (accusative plural)
þurisas (genitive singular)
þurisō (genitive plural)
þurisē (dative singular)
þurisum (dative plural)
þurisu (instrumental singular)
þurisum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: þyrs, ðyrs — edh spelling
Middle English: thurs, thirs, thrisse, thrusse, thurse, thursse, thyrce, þurs
English: thurse

Old Saxon: thuris

Old High German: duris, turs

Middle High German: turse, türse, torse

German: Turse


dūbā

dūbā (nominative singular)
dūbōn (nominative plural)
dūbōn (accusative singular)
dūbōn (accusative plural)
dūbōn (genitive singular)
dūbōnō (genitive plural)
dūbōn (dative singular)
dūbōm (dative plural)
dūbum (dative plural)
dūbōn (instrumental singular)
dūbōm (instrumental plural)
dūbum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *dūfe
Middle English: douve, dove, duve, dowve, dowe, doufe, douf
English: dove
Scots: doo, dow

Old Frisian: *dūve, *dūe

Saterland Frisian: Dúve

West Frisian: do

Old Saxon: dūva

Middle Low German: dūve

Low German:

German Low German: Duuv

Dutch Low Saxon: duve, doeve

desc

Plautdietsch: Duw, Düw, Duuv, Düüv, Duuw, Düüw, Duv, Düv

→ Estonian: tuvi

desctree

Old Dutch: dūva
Middle Dutch: duve
Dutch: duif
Afrikaans: duif
Negerhollands: dufje, difi, diffie
→ Sranan Tongo: doifi
Limburgish: doef

Old High German: tūba; (West Central German) dūva

Middle High German: tūbe, dūve

Bavarian: Taubm, Daum, Taubn

desc

Alemannic German: Tuub, Duub, Duube, Düüwe, Daup, Taub, Tuube, Tube, Tubo

German: Taube

Central Franconian: Duuv, Dauv

Kirchröadsj: Doef

Luxembourgish: Dauf

Rhine Franconian: daup, dǫup

Pennsylvania German: Daub

Swabian: Taub, Daup

Vilamovian: tue, taoj

Yiddish: טויב (toyb)


þiudisk

þiudisk (masculine nominative singular)
þiudisku (feminine nominative singular)
þiudisk (neuter nominative singular)
þiudiskanā (accusative masculine singular)
þiudiskā (accusative feminine singular)
þiudisk (accusative neuter singular)
þiudiskas (genitive masculine singular)
þiudiskeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
þiudiskas (genitive neuter singular)
þiudiskumē (dative masculine singular)
þiudiskeʀē (dative feminine singular)
þiudiskumē (dative neuter singular)
þiudisku (instrumental masculine singular)
þiudiskeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
þiudisku (instrumental neuter singular)
þiudiskē (masculine nominative plural)
þiudiskō (feminine nominative plural)
þiudisku (neuter nominative plural)
þiudiskā (accusative masculine plural)
þiudiskā (accusative feminine plural)
þiudisku (accusative neuter plural)
þiudiskeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
þiudiskeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
þiudiskeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
þiudiskēm (dative masculine plural)
þiudiskum (dative masculine plural)
þiudiskēm (dative feminine plural)
þiudiskum (dative feminine plural)
þiudiskēm (dative neuter plural)
þiudiskum (dative neuter plural)
þiudiskēm (instrumental masculine plural)
þiudiskum (instrumental masculine plural)
þiudiskēm (feminine instrumental plural)
þiudiskum (feminine instrumental plural)
þiudiskēm (instrumental neuter plural)
þiudiskum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: þēodisc
Middle English: thedisch, þedisch, þeodisc
→ English: thedish, theodish (learned)

Old Frisian: thiōsk

West Frisian: Tsjutsk (“German”) (obsolete)

Old Saxon: thiudisk
Middle Low German: düdesch
Low German:
German Low German:
Altmärkisch: dütsch
Bremisch: dütsch
Dithmarsisch: dütsch
Hamburgisch: dütsch, düütsch
Eastphalian: duitsch
Westphalian:
Münsterländisch: dütsk; Dütsk
Osnabrückisch: düütsk
Lippisch: duitsk
Paderbornisch: duitsk
Ravensbergisch: duütsk
Sauerländer-Märkisch: duͤdsk
Sauerländisch: duitsk
Westmünsterländisch: düüts, düütsk
Plautdietsch: dietsch
→ Saterland Frisian: düütsk

Old Dutch: *thiudisc
Middle Dutch: dietsch, duutsch
Dutch: Diets (“Middle Dutch”)
Dutch: Duits (“German”)
Afrikaans: Duits
Negerhollands: dutsch
→? Japanese: ドイツ (Doitsu)
→ English: Doitsu
→ Korean: 독일 (dogil)
Limburgish: Dutsj
→ Middle English: Duch, Duche, Deuche, Dusche, Dewche, Dowche, duch, duche, deuche, dusche
English: Dutch
Scots: Dutch
→ West Frisian: Dútsk

Old High German: diutisk, diutisc
Middle High German: diutsc
Alemannic German: tüütsch, dütsch, düütsch, Dütsch, Ditsch, Dytsch
Swabian: deitsch, daitsch
Walser: töitsch, titsch, tittschu, titzsch
Bavarian: daitsch, deitsch, taitsch
Cimbrian: tòiz, tauč, taütsch, taütsch
Gottscheerish: taitš
Mòcheno: taitsch
Central Franconian: dütsch, döksch, deitsch
Hunsrik: Deitsch, taytx
Kölsch: duetsch
East Central German: deitsch
Silesian East Central German: deitsch, doitsch (Glätzisch)
Upper Saxon German: Deitsch, deidsch
German: deutsch; Deutsch
→ English: Deutsch
→ Mandarin: 德意志 (Déyìzhì)
→ Cantonese: 德意志 (dak1 ji3 zi3)
Luxembourgish: däitsch; Däitsch
Rhine Franconian: daitsch, deitsch
Pennsylvania German: deitsch; Deitsch
Vilamovian: daojć
Yiddish: דײַטש (daytsh), טײַטש (taytsh)

Latin: theodiscus, theotiscus, thiotiscus
French: thiois, tudesque
Friulian: todesc
Italian: tedesco
Ladin: tudësch
Portuguese: tedesco
Romanian: tudesc
Romansch: tudestg
Sardinian: tedescu
Sicilian: tudiscu
Spanish: tudesco
Venetian: todesco

From Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz. Equivalent to *þeudu + *-isk.


forhnu

forhnu (nominative singular)
forhnō (nominative plural)
forhnā (accusative singular)
forhnā (accusative plural)
forhnā (genitive singular)
forhnō (genitive plural)
forhnē (dative singular)
forhnōm (dative plural)
forhnum (dative plural)
forhnu (instrumental singular)
forhnōm (instrumental plural)
forhnum (instrumental plural)

Old English: forn

Old Saxon: forhna

Middle Low German: vôrne

→ Swedish: färna

Old Dutch: *forna

Middle Dutch: vōorne

Dutch: voorn

Old High German: forhana

Middle High German: forhen, forhel

German: Forelle

→ Danish: forel

→ Dutch: forel

Luxembourgish: Frell


unebn

unebn (masculine nominative singular)
unebnu (feminine nominative singular)
unebn (neuter nominative singular)
unebnanā (accusative masculine singular)
unebnā (accusative feminine singular)
unebn (accusative neuter singular)
unebnas (genitive masculine singular)
unebneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
unebnas (genitive neuter singular)
unebnumē (dative masculine singular)
unebneʀē (dative feminine singular)
unebnumē (dative neuter singular)
unebnu (instrumental masculine singular)
unebneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
unebnu (instrumental neuter singular)
unebnē (masculine nominative plural)
unebnō (feminine nominative plural)
unebnu (neuter nominative plural)
unebnā (accusative masculine plural)
unebnā (accusative feminine plural)
unebnu (accusative neuter plural)
unebneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
unebneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
unebneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
unebnēm (dative masculine plural)
unebnum (dative masculine plural)
unebnēm (dative feminine plural)
unebnum (dative feminine plural)
unebnēm (dative neuter plural)
unebnum (dative neuter plural)
unebnēm (instrumental masculine plural)
unebnum (instrumental masculine plural)
unebnēm (feminine instrumental plural)
unebnum (feminine instrumental plural)
unebnēm (instrumental neuter plural)
unebnum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: unefen, unemn, unefn
Middle English: unevene, vnevene, vneven
English: uneven

Old Frisian: uneven

West Frisian: ûneven

Old Saxon: *unevan

Middle Low German: unēven

Old Dutch: *unevan

Middle Dutch: onēven

Dutch: oneven

Limburgish: ónaeve

Old High German: uneban

Middle High German: uneben

German: uneben


ebn

ebn (masculine nominative singular)
ebnu (feminine nominative singular)
ebn (neuter nominative singular)
ebnanā (accusative masculine singular)
ebnā (accusative feminine singular)
ebn (accusative neuter singular)
ebnas (genitive masculine singular)
ebneʀā (feminine genitive singular)
ebnas (genitive neuter singular)
ebnumē (dative masculine singular)
ebneʀē (dative feminine singular)
ebnumē (dative neuter singular)
ebnu (instrumental masculine singular)
ebneʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
ebnu (instrumental neuter singular)
ebnē (masculine nominative plural)
ebnō (feminine nominative plural)
ebnu (neuter nominative plural)
ebnā (accusative masculine plural)
ebnā (accusative feminine plural)
ebnu (accusative neuter plural)
ebneʀō (genitive masculine plural)
ebneʀō (feminine genitive plural)
ebneʀō (genitive neuter plural)
ebnēm (dative masculine plural)
ebnum (dative masculine plural)
ebnēm (dative feminine plural)
ebnum (dative feminine plural)
ebnēm (dative neuter plural)
ebnum (dative neuter plural)
ebnēm (instrumental masculine plural)
ebnum (instrumental masculine plural)
ebnēm (feminine instrumental plural)
ebnum (feminine instrumental plural)
ebnēm (instrumental neuter plural)
ebnum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: efn, efen, emn, em
Middle English: even
English: even
Scots: evin

Old Frisian: even, ivin

Saterland Frisian: íeuwen

West Frisian: effen, even

Old Saxon: evan
Middle Low German: even
Low German: effen, even
→ Danish: effen
→ Polabian: aven
→ Swedish: även

Old Dutch: *evan

Middle Dutch: ēven
Dutch: even
Afrikaans: ewe
Limburgish: aeve

Middle Dutch: effen

Dutch: effen

Afrikaans: effe

Old High German: eban
Middle High German: eben
Alemannic German: ëben
Cimbrian: ébane
German: eben


kweban

kweban (infinitive)
kwebannjas (genitive infinitive)
kwebannjē (dative infinitive)
kwebannju (infinitive instrumental)
kwebu (first-person present singular)
kwab (first-person past singular)
kwibiʀi (present second-person singular)
kwābī (past second-person singular)
kwibidi (present singular third-person)
kwab (past singular third-person)
kwebum (first-person plural present)
kwābum (first-person past plural)
kwibid (plural present second-person)
kwābud (past plural second-person)
kweband (plural present third-person)
kwābun (past plural third-person)
kwebē (first-person present singular)
kwābī (first-person past singular)
kwebēs (present second-person singular)
kwebē (present singular third-person)
kwābī (past singular third-person)
kwebēm (first-person plural present)
kwābīm (first-person past plural)
kwebēþ (plural present second-person)
kwābīd (past plural second-person)
kwebēn (plural present third-person)
kwābīn (past plural third-person)
kwib (present singular)
kwibid (plural present)
kwebandī (participle present)
kweban (participle past)

Old High German: *queban

⇒ Old High German: irqueban

Middle High German: erqueben


spanan

spanan (infinitive)
spanannjas (genitive infinitive)
spanannjē (dative infinitive)
spanannju (infinitive instrumental)
spanu (first-person present singular)
spōn (first-person past singular)
spaniʀi (present second-person singular)
spōnī (past second-person singular)
spanidi (present singular third-person)
spōn (past singular third-person)
spanum (first-person plural present)
spōnum (first-person past plural)
spanid (plural present second-person)
spōnud (past plural second-person)
spanand (plural present third-person)
spōnun (past plural third-person)
spanē (first-person present singular)
spōnī (first-person past singular)
spanēs (present second-person singular)
spanē (present singular third-person)
spōnī (past singular third-person)
spanēm (first-person plural present)
spōnīm (first-person past plural)
spanēþ (plural present second-person)
spōnīd (past plural second-person)
spanēn (plural present third-person)
spōnīn (past plural third-person)
span (present singular)
spanid (plural present)
spanandī (participle present)
spanan (participle past)

Old English: spanan

Middle English: spannen

Old Saxon: spanan

Middle Low German: spanen

Old High German: spanan

Middle High German: spanen


wurmi

wurmi (nominative singular)
wurmī (nominative plural)
wurmi (accusative singular)
wurmī (accusative plural)
wurmī (genitive singular)
wurmijō (genitive plural)
wurmī (dative singular)
wurmim (dative plural)
wurmijum (dative plural)
wurmī (instrumental singular)
wurmim (instrumental plural)
wurmijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wyrm
Middle English: worm, werm, wirm, wurm, wyrm, wyrme, wrim, worme
English: worm
Scots: worm, wirm
→ English: wyrm

Old Frisian: worm, werm, wirm

North Frisian:

Föhr-Amrum: wörem

Saterland Frisian: Wurm, Wúurm

West Frisian: wjirm

Old Saxon: wurm
Middle Low German: worm
Low German:
German Low German: Worm
Plautdietsch: Worm

Old Dutch: wurm, worm

Middle Dutch: worm

Dutch: worm
Afrikaans: wurm
Berbice Creole Dutch: worum
Negerhollands: worm, wurum

Limburgish: worm

Old High German: wurm

Middle High German: wurm

Alemannic German: Wüüre

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: bórm, burm

Mòcheno: burm

Hunsrik: Worrem

German: Wurm

Luxembourgish: Wuerm

Vilamovian: wüm

Yiddish: וואָרעם (vorem)

→ Old French: gourme, gorme

French: gourme
→ Spanish: gurma


rōu

rō (nominative singular)
rōō (nominative plural)
rōā (accusative singular)
rōā (accusative plural)
rōā (genitive singular)
rōō (genitive plural)
rōē (dative singular)
rōōm (dative plural)
rōm (dative plural)
rō (instrumental singular)
rōōm (instrumental plural)
rōm (instrumental plural)

Old English: rōw, rō
Middle English: ro, rou, rowe, roo
English: roo
Scots: ro, ruve

Old Saxon: *rōwa

Middle Low German: rôwe

German Low German:

Altmärkisch, Westphalian (Bentheimisch): Raue

Westphalian:

Sauerländisch: Rugge, Riu (Sundern), Rūre (Wenden)

Westmünsterländisch: Ruhe

East Westphalian: Riuhe (Lippisch), Rue (Wedemarkisch)

Old Dutch: *ruowa

Middle Dutch: rowe, rouwe

Old High German: ruowa

Middle High German: ruowe, rouwe, ruo

German: Ruhe

Alemannic German: Ruew

Hunsrik: Ruh

Luxembourgish: Rou

Yiddish: רו (ru)


uʀkannjan

uʀkannjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
uʀkannjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
uʀkannjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
uʀkannjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
uʀkannju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
uʀkanidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
uʀkanisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
uʀkanidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
uʀkanidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
uʀkaniþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
uʀkanidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
uʀkanidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
uʀkannjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
uʀkanidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
uʀkaniþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
uʀkanidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
uʀkannjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
uʀkanidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
uʀkannjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
uʀkanidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
uʀkannjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
uʀkanidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
uʀkannjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
uʀkanidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
uʀkannjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
uʀkanidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
uʀkannjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
uʀkanidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
uʀkannjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
uʀkanidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
uʀkani (class-1 present singular weak)
uʀkaniþ (class-1 plural present weak)
uʀkannjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
uʀkanid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: ācennan

Old High German: irkennen


tussjā

tussjā (nominative singular)
tussjōn (nominative plural)
tussjōn (accusative singular)
tussjōn (accusative plural)
tussjōn (genitive singular)
tussjōnō (genitive plural)
tussjōn (dative singular)
tussjōm (dative plural)
tussjum (dative plural)
tussjōn (instrumental singular)
tussjōm (instrumental plural)
tussjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: tysse

Old High German: zussa


furhtī

furhtī (nominative singular)
furhtīn (accusative singular)
furhtīn (genitive singular)
furhtīn (dative singular)
furhtīn (instrumental singular)

Old English: fyrhtu, fryhtu
Middle English: fright, friȝt, freyhte, fyrht, furht, frigt, fryȝt
English: fright
Scots: fricht

Old Frisian: fruchte

From Proto-Germanic *furhtį̄. Equivalent to *forht (“fearful”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).


saliþu

saliþu (nominative singular)
saliþwō (nominative plural)
saliþwā (accusative singular)
saliþwā (accusative plural)
saliþwā (genitive singular)
saliþwō (genitive plural)
saliþwē (dative singular)
saliþwōm (dative plural)
saliþum (dative plural)
saliþu (instrumental singular)
saliþwōm (instrumental plural)
saliþum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sælþ

Old Saxon: selitha

Old Dutch: selitha

desc

Old High German: selida, selitha, seleda, selda

Middle High German: selede, selide, selde, sölde

German: Selde, Sölde


skākārī

skākārī (nominative singular)
skākārijō (nominative plural)
skākārijōs (nominative plural)
skākārī (accusative singular)
skākārijā (accusative plural)
skākārijas (genitive singular)
skākārijō (genitive plural)
skākārijē (dative singular)
skākārijum (dative plural)
skākāriju (instrumental singular)
skākārijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sċēacere

Old Frisian: skākere

Old Dutch: *scākere

Middle Dutch: schâkere

Dutch: schaker (obsolete)

Old High German: skāhhāri

Middle High German: schāchære, schæchære

German: Schächer


druhti

druhti (nominative singular)
druhtī (nominative plural)
druhti (accusative singular)
druhtī (accusative plural)
druhtī (genitive singular)
druhtijō (genitive plural)
druhtī (dative singular)
druhtim (dative plural)
druhtijum (dative plural)
druhtī (instrumental singular)
druhtim (instrumental plural)
druhtijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: dryht

English: dright

Old Frisian: drecht, dracht

North Frisian: dregte

Old Saxon: *druht

Middle Low German: drucht

Old Dutch: druht

Middle Dutch: drucht

Old High German: truht

Middle High German: truht


gamundi

gamundi (nominative singular)
gamundī (nominative plural)
gamundi (accusative singular)
gamundī (accusative plural)
gamundī (genitive singular)
gamundijō (genitive plural)
gamundī (dative singular)
gamundim (dative plural)
gamundijum (dative plural)
gamundī (instrumental singular)
gamundim (instrumental plural)
gamundijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġemynd

Middle English: ȝemünd, imunde, ymunde, mynde, minde

Scots: mind

English: mind

Old High German: gimunt

>? Middle High German: mun m (“thought, intent, attitude, memory”)

⇒ Old High German: gimunten (verb)

From Proto-Germanic *gamundiz. Equivalent to *ga- + *mundi.


bihulljan

bihulljan (class-1 infinitive weak)
bihulljannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
bihulljannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
bihulljannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
bihullju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bihuldā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bihulisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bihuldēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bihuldōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bihuliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bihuldē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bihuldā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bihulljum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bihuldum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bihuliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bihuldud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bihulljanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bihuldun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bihulljē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
bihuldī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
bihulljēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
bihuldī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
bihulljē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
bihuldī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
bihulljēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
bihuldīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
bihulljēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
bihuldīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
bihulljēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
bihuldīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
bihuli (class-1 present singular weak)
bihuliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
bihulljandī (class-1 participle present weak)
bihuld (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: behyllan

Old Frisian: bihella

Old Saxon: bihullian

Old High German: bihullen


forhtu

forhtu (nominative singular)
forhtō (nominative plural)
forhtā (accusative singular)
forhtā (accusative plural)
forhtā (genitive singular)
forhtō (genitive plural)
forhtē (dative singular)
forhtōm (dative plural)
forhtum (dative plural)
forhtu (instrumental singular)
forhtōm (instrumental plural)
forhtum (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: forhta

Middle Low German: vruchte, vrochte

⇒ Old Saxon: furhtuwerth

Old Dutch: forhta

Middle Dutch: vrucht

q

now only in <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">godsvrucht</i>

Dutch: vrucht (now only in godsvrucht)

desctree

Old High German: forhta
Middle High German: vorhte, vorht
German: Furcht, (obsolete) Forcht


kāsijalubi

kāsijalubi (nominative singular)
kāsijalubbju (nominative plural)
kāsijalubi (accusative singular)
kāsijalubbju (accusative plural)
kāsijalubbjas (genitive singular)
kāsijalubbjō (genitive plural)
kāsijalubbjē (dative singular)
kāsijalubbjum (dative plural)
kāsijalubbju (instrumental singular)
kāsijalubbjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: cīeslybb

Middle English: cheslippe

English: cheeselep, cheeselip

Scots: keeslip

Old Dutch: *kāsilubbi

Middle Dutch: câeslibbe

Old High German: kāsiluppa, chesiluppa

desc

Middle High German: kæselap, kæseluppe, kæselüppe

Cimbrian: khéezaluppa


hulljan

hulljan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hulljannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hulljannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hulljannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hullju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
huldā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hulisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
huldēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
huldōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
huliþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
huldē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
huldā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hulljum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
huldum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
huliþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
huldud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hulljanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
huldun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hulljē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
huldī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hulljēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
huldī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hulljē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
huldī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hulljēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
huldīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hulljēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
huldīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hulljēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
huldīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
huli (class-1 present singular weak)
huliþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hulljandī (class-1 participle present weak)
huld (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: hyllan

Old Frisian: hella

Old Saxon: *hullian

German Low German: hüllen

Old Dutch: *hullen

Middle Dutch: hullen

Dutch: hullen

Afrikaans: hul

Old High German: hullen

German: hüllen


roggō

roggō (nominative singular)
roggan (nominative plural)
roggan (accusative singular)
roggan (accusative plural)
ruggini (genitive singular)
roggan (genitive singular)
rogganō (genitive plural)
ruggini (dative singular)
roggan (dative singular)
roggum (dative plural)
ruggini (instrumental singular)
roggan (instrumental singular)
roggum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: rogga

Saterland Frisian: Roage

West Frisian: rogge

desctree

Old Saxon: roggo
Middle Low German: rogge
German Low German: Rogg
→⇒? German: Roggen
Plautdietsch: Rogg

Old Dutch: *roggo

Middle Dutch: rogge

Dutch: rogge

Old High German: rocko
Middle High German: rocke
German: Rocken (archaic)
Mòcheno: rocken


hungrijan

hungrijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hungrijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hungrijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hungrijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hungriju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hungridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hungrisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hungridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hungridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hungriþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hungridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hungridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hungrijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hungridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hungriþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hungridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hungrijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hungridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hungrijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hungridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hungrijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hungridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hungrijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hungridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hungrijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hungridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hungrijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hungridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hungrijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hungridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hungri (class-1 present singular weak)
hungriþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hungrijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hungrid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: hyngran

desc

Middle English: hüngren, hingren, hengren

Scots: hungir

English: hunger

Old Saxon: hungrian

Old Dutch: hungeren

Middle Dutch: hongeren

Dutch: hongeren

Old High German: hungaren

From Proto-Germanic *hungrijaną. Equivalent to *hungr (“hunger”) + *-jan.


burjan

burjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
burjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
burjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
burjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
burju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
buridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
burisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
buridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
buridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
buriþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
buridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
buridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
burjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
buridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
buriþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
buridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
burjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
buridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
burjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
buridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
burjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
buridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
burjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
buridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
burjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
buridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
burjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
buridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
burjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
buridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
buri (class-1 present singular weak)
buriþ (class-1 plural present weak)
burjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
burid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: byrian

Middle English: birren, biren

Old Frisian: bera

Old Saxon: burian

Middle Low German: boren, bören

Low German: böhren

Old Dutch: *burien

desctree

Middle Dutch: bueren
Dutch: beuren
Afrikaans: beur
Limburgish: beure, bäöre

Old High German: burien, burren

Middle High German: bürn


forht

forht (masculine nominative singular)
forhtu (feminine nominative singular)
forht (neuter nominative singular)
forhtanā (accusative masculine singular)
forhtā (accusative feminine singular)
forht (accusative neuter singular)
forhtas (genitive masculine singular)
forhteʀā (feminine genitive singular)
forhtas (genitive neuter singular)
forhtumē (dative masculine singular)
forhteʀē (dative feminine singular)
forhtumē (dative neuter singular)
forhtu (instrumental masculine singular)
forhteʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
forhtu (instrumental neuter singular)
forhtē (masculine nominative plural)
forhtō (feminine nominative plural)
forhtu (neuter nominative plural)
forhtā (accusative masculine plural)
forhtā (accusative feminine plural)
forhtu (accusative neuter plural)
forhteʀō (genitive masculine plural)
forhteʀō (feminine genitive plural)
forhteʀō (genitive neuter plural)
forhtēm (dative masculine plural)
forhtum (dative masculine plural)
forhtēm (dative feminine plural)
forhtum (dative feminine plural)
forhtēm (dative neuter plural)
forhtum (dative neuter plural)
forhtēm (instrumental masculine plural)
forhtum (instrumental masculine plural)
forhtēm (feminine instrumental plural)
forhtum (feminine instrumental plural)
forhtēm (instrumental neuter plural)
forhtum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: forht, froht

Old Saxon: forht

Old High German: *forht, *foraht

⇒ Old High German: gotforht, gotforaht


wunnju

wunnju (nominative singular)
wunnjō (nominative plural)
wunnjā (accusative singular)
wunnjā (accusative plural)
wunnjā (genitive singular)
wunnjō (genitive plural)
wunnjē (dative singular)
wunnjōm (dative plural)
wunnjum (dative plural)
wunnju (instrumental singular)
wunnjōm (instrumental plural)
wunnjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wynn, wyn
Middle English: wynne, wunne, winne
English: wynn, wen, winne, win
Scots: win

Old Saxon: wunnia

Middle Low German: wunne

Low German: Wünn

Old Dutch: *wunna, *winna (attested in winnemānōth)

Middle Dutch: wonne

Dutch: wonne

Old High German: wunnja, wunna, wunnī

Middle High German: wunne, wünne

German: Wonne


būsni

būsni (nominative singular)
būsnī (nominative plural)
būsni (accusative singular)
būsnī (accusative plural)
būsnī (genitive singular)
būsnijō (genitive plural)
būsnī (dative singular)
būsnim (dative plural)
būsnijum (dative plural)
būsnī (instrumental singular)
būsnim (instrumental plural)
būsnijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bȳsn, bȳsen

Middle English: bisne, bysen

Scots: bysen, bizen, besyne, bysene

English: bizen

Old Saxon: būsen, būsan (in compounds: e.g. ambūsan)


dūbijan

dūbijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
dūbijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
dūbijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
dūbijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
dūbiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
dūbidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
dūbisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
dūbidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
dūbidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
dūbiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
dūbidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
dūbidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
dūbijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
dūbidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
dūbiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
dūbidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
dūbijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
dūbidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
dūbijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
dūbidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
dūbijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
dūbidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
dūbijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
dūbidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
dūbijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
dūbidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
dūbijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
dūbidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
dūbijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
dūbidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
dūbi (class-1 present singular weak)
dūbiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
dūbijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
dūbid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: dȳfan
Middle English: diven, duven
English: dive


furhtijan

furhtijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
furhtijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
furhtijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
furhtijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
furhtiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
furhtidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
furhtisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
furhtidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
furhtidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
furhtiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
furhtidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
furhtidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
furhtijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
furhtidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
furhtiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
furhtidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
furhtijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
furhtidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
furhtijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
furhtidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
furhtijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
furhtidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
furhtijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
furhtidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
furhtijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
furhtidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
furhtijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
furhtidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
furhtijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
furhtidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
furhti (class-1 present singular weak)
furhtiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
furhtijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
furhtid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: fyrhtan

Middle English: fyrten

Old Saxon: forhtian

Old Dutch: *forhten, *furhten

Middle Dutch: vruchten

Dutch: vruchten

desc

Old High German: furhten, forhten, forahten

German: fürchten

Luxembourgish: fäerten

From Proto-Germanic *furhtijaną. Equivalent to *forht (“fearful”) + *-jan and *forhtu (“fear”) + *-jan.


hurdi

hurdi (nominative singular)
hurdī (nominative plural)
hurdi (accusative singular)
hurdī (accusative plural)
hurdī (genitive singular)
hurdijō (genitive plural)
hurdī (dative singular)
hurdim (dative plural)
hurdijum (dative plural)
hurdī (instrumental singular)
hurdim (instrumental plural)
hurdijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: *hyrd

Middle English: hurde

Old Saxon: hurth

Middle Low German: hōrde, hōrt

Old Dutch: *hurd

Middle Dutch: hurde, huerde, horde

Dutch: horde, hor

Old High German: hurt, hurd

Middle High German: hurt

German: Hürde

→ Old French: hort, hourd, hourt, hurde

Middle French: hourd

French: hourd

→ Middle English: hord, whourde

⇒ English: hoarding

→ Medieval Latin: hurdicium, hurdicia

Old French: hordëiz, hourdeis, hurdis

Middle French: hourdis, hourdy

French: hourdis, hourdi

→ Middle English: hurdeiz, hurdis, hurdice


dunnjan

dunnjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
dunnjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
dunnjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
dunnjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
dunnju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
dunidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
dunisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
dunidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
dunidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
duniþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
dunidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
dunidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
dunnjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
dunidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
duniþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
dunidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
dunnjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
dunidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
dunnjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
dunidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
dunnjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
dunidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
dunnjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
dunidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
dunnjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
dunidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
dunnjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
dunidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
dunnjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
dunidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
duni (class-1 present singular weak)
duniþ (class-1 plural present weak)
dunnjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
dunid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: dynnan, dynian
Middle English: dynnen, denen, denie, donen, dunien, dunnyn, dynen
English: dun, din
Scots: dyn, din

Old Saxon: dunnian

Middle Low German: *dönnen, dȫnen

Old High German: *tunnen, *tunen

Middle High German: dunen, dünen

German: dünen (archaic)

From Proto-Germanic *dunjaną. Equivalent to *duni (“sound, noise”) + *-jan.


gaburjan

gaburjan (class-1 infinitive weak)
gaburjannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
gaburjannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
gaburjannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
gaburju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
gaburidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
gaburisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
gaburidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
gaburidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
gaburiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
gaburidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
gaburidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
gaburjum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
gaburidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
gaburiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
gaburidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
gaburjanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
gaburidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
gaburjē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
gaburidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
gaburjēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
gaburidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
gaburjē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
gaburidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
gaburjēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
gaburidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
gaburjēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
gaburidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
gaburjēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
gaburidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
gaburi (class-1 present singular weak)
gaburiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
gaburjandī (class-1 participle present weak)
gaburid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: ġebyrian, ġebyrġian, ġebyrede
Middle English: ȝebürien
⇒ Middle English: birrde, bürde
Scots: byrde, byrd, bird

Old Frisian: bera

West Frisian: barre

Old Saxon: giburian

Middle Low German: geboren, gebören

Low German: geböhren

→ Saterland Frisian: geböäre

Old Dutch: giburen

Middle Dutch: gebueren
Dutch: gebeuren
Afrikaans: gebeur
Limburgish: gebäöre

desc

Old High German: gaburjan, giburien, giburren, geburen

Middle High German: gebürn

German: gebühren

Luxembourgish: gebiren

From Proto-Germanic *gaburjaną. Equivalent to *ga- + *burjan.


snuttrī

snuttrī (nominative singular)
snuttrīn (accusative singular)
snuttrīn (genitive singular)
snuttrīn (dative singular)
snuttrīn (instrumental singular)

Old English: snytro, snyttro, snytero, snyteru

Middle English: snytere

From Proto-Germanic *snutrį̄. Equivalent to *snotr (“wise, cleaver”) + *-ī (abstract noun suffix).


skāk

skāk (nominative singular)
skākō (nominative plural)
skākōs (nominative plural)
skāk (accusative singular)
skākā (accusative plural)
skākas (genitive singular)
skākō (genitive plural)
skākē (dative singular)
skākum (dative plural)
skāku (instrumental singular)
skākum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *skāk

⇒ Old Frisian: skākdēd, skākdēde

⇒ Old Frisian: skākrâf

⇒ Old Frisian: skākrâvere

Old Saxon: *skāk

Middle Low German: schāk

Old Dutch: *scāc

Middle Dutch: schâec

Dutch: schaak

desctree

Old High German: skāh, scah
Middle High German: schāch

→ Medieval Latin: scacchum, scachum

desc

Old French: eschec, eschiec (“booty, spoils”)

Middle French: eschec, eschiec

⇒ Old French: eschiequer, eschecer, escheker, eschieker

→ Middle English: skekken, skiken

⇒ Latin: scachator

Unknown; perhaps related to *skakan (“to shake”).


kussijan

kussijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
kussijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
kussijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
kussijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
kussiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
kussidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
kussisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
kussidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kussidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kussiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
kussidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kussidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kussijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
kussidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
kussiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
kussidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
kussijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
kussidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
kussijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
kussidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
kussijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
kussidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
kussijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
kussidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
kussijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
kussidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
kussijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
kussidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
kussijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
kussidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
kussi (class-1 present singular weak)
kussiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
kussijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
kussid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: cyssan

desctree

Middle English: kissen, cusse, cussen, kess, kessen, kis, kiss, kisse, kysse, kussen
English: kiss
→ Esperanto: kisi
Scots: kiss
Yola: kisth (preterite)

Old Frisian: kessa

Old Saxon: kussian

Middle Low German: kussen

Low German: küssen

Plautdietsch: kussen

Old Dutch: *cussen

Middle Dutch: cussen
Dutch: kussen
Afrikaans: kus
Limburgish: kösse, kösje

Old High German: kussen

Middle High German: küssen, kussen

German: küssen

Hunsrik: kisse

Luxembourgish: këssen

Yiddish: קושן (kushn)

From Proto-Germanic *kussijaną. Equivalent to *koss (“a kiss”) + *-jan.


snūtijan

snūtijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
snūtijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
snūtijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
snūtijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
snūtiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
snūtidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
snūtisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
snūtidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
snūtidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
snūtiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
snūtidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
snūtidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
snūtijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
snūtidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
snūtiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
snūtidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
snūtijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
snūtidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
snūtijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
snūtidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
snūtijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
snūtidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
snūtijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
snūtidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
snūtijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
snūtidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
snūtijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
snūtidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
snūtijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
snūtidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
snūti (class-1 present singular weak)
snūtiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
snūtijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
snūtid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: snȳtan
Middle English: snyten, sniten
English: snite, snet
Yola: snite

Old Dutch: *snūten

Middle Dutch: snuten
Dutch: snuiten
Limburgish: snoete

Old High German: snūzen

Middle High German: sniuzen

German: schnäuzen


rūmijan

rūmijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
rūmijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
rūmijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
rūmijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
rūmiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
rūmidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
rūmisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
rūmidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rūmidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rūmiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
rūmidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rūmidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rūmijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
rūmidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
rūmiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
rūmidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
rūmijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
rūmidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
rūmijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
rūmidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
rūmijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
rūmidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
rūmijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
rūmidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
rūmijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
rūmidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
rūmijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
rūmidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
rūmijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
rūmidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
rūmi (class-1 present singular weak)
rūmiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
rūmijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
rūmid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: rȳman

Middle English: rimen

English: ream, rim

→ Old French: arimer

Middle French: arrimer

French: arrimer

Old Frisian: rēma

Old Saxon: rūmian

Old Dutch: *rūmen

Middle Dutch: rumen

Dutch: ruimen

>? West Frisian: romje

Old High German: rūmen

Bavarian: rama

German: räumen

Luxembourgish: raumen

From Proto-Germanic *rūmijaną. Equivalent to *rūm (“room”) + *-jan.


hlūdijan

hlūdijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hlūdijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hlūdijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hlūdijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hlūdiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hlūdidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hlūdisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hlūdidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hlūdidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hlūdiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hlūdidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hlūdidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hlūdijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hlūdidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hlūdiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hlūdidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hlūdijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hlūdidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hlūdijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hlūdidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hlūdijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hlūdidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hlūdijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hlūdidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hlūdijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hlūdidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hlūdijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hlūdidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hlūdijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hlūdidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hlūdi (class-1 present singular weak)
hlūdiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hlūdijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hlūdid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: hlȳdan

Old Frisian: hlēda

West Frisian: liede

Old Saxon: *hlūdian

Middle Low German: lūden, lǖden

Old Dutch: lūden

Middle Dutch: luden

Dutch: luiden

Old High German: lūten

Middle High German: liuten, lūten

Alemannic German: lüüte

German: läuten

⇒ Middle High German: geliute

Cimbrian: galòit

German: Geläut


firinu

firinu (nominative singular)
firinō (nominative plural)
firinā (accusative singular)
firinā (accusative plural)
firinā (genitive singular)
firinō (genitive plural)
firinē (dative singular)
firinōm (dative plural)
firinum (dative plural)
firinu (instrumental singular)
firinōm (instrumental plural)
firinum (instrumental plural)

Old English: firen, fyren

Old Frisian: firne

Old Saxon: firina

Old High German: firina

Middle High German: virne


sūli

sūli (nominative singular)
sūlī (nominative plural)
sūli (accusative singular)
sūlī (accusative plural)
sūlī (genitive singular)
sūlijō (genitive plural)
sūlī (dative singular)
sūlim (dative plural)
sūlijum (dative plural)
sūlī (instrumental singular)
sūlim (instrumental plural)
sūlijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sȳl
Middle English: syle
English: sile
Scots: sile, syle, cyle

Old Frisian: sēle

Old Saxon: sūl

Middle Low German: sûl, sûle

German Low German: Süül

Old Dutch: sūl

Middle Dutch: suul

Dutch: zuil

→ West Frisian: suil

Limburgish: zuul

Old High German: sūl

Middle High German: sūl

German: Säule

Luxembourgish: Sail

Yiddish: זײַל (zayl)


firinudādi

firinudādi (nominative singular)
firinudādī (nominative plural)
firinudādi (accusative singular)
firinudādī (accusative plural)
firinudādī (genitive singular)
firinudādijō (genitive plural)
firinudādī (dative singular)
firinudādim (dative plural)
firinudādijum (dative plural)
firinudādī (instrumental singular)
firinudādim (instrumental plural)
firinudādijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: firendǣd

Old Saxon: firindād

Old High German: firintāt


hūdi

hūdi (nominative singular)
hūdī (nominative plural)
hūdi (accusative singular)
hūdī (accusative plural)
hūdī (genitive singular)
hūdijō (genitive plural)
hūdī (dative singular)
hūdim (dative plural)
hūdijum (dative plural)
hūdī (instrumental singular)
hūdim (instrumental plural)
hūdijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hȳd
Middle English: hyde, hyd, hide, hid, hude, huyde, huide (Southern, Southwestern)
English: hide
Scots: hide, hyde

Old Frisian: hūd, hēd, hēde

North Frisian: heed

Saterland Frisian: Häid

West Frisian: hûd

Old Saxon: hūd

Middle Low German: hūt

Low German: Huud, Huut

Old Dutch: hūd

Middle Dutch: huut

Dutch: huid

Afrikaans: huid

Old High German: hūt
Middle High German: hūt
Alemannic German: Hutt
Walser: Huut
Cimbrian: haut
Central Franconian: Hock, Hout (Moselle Franconian), Huut (western Ripuarian), Huck (Kölsch)
Hunsrik: Haut, haut
German: Haut
Luxembourgish: Haut
Yiddish: הויט (hoyt)


firinōn

firinōn (infinitive)
firinōnijas (genitive infinitive)
firinōnijē (dative infinitive)
firinōniju (infinitive instrumental)
firinō (first-person present singular)
firinōdā (first-person past singular)
firinōs (present second-person singular)
firinōdēs (past second-person singular)
firinōdōs (past second-person singular)
firinōþ (present singular third-person)
firinōdē (past singular third-person)
firinōdā (past singular third-person)
firinōm (first-person plural present)
firinōdum (first-person past plural)
firinōþ (plural present second-person)
firinōdud (past plural second-person)
firinōnþ (plural present third-person)
firinōdun (past plural third-person)
firinōdī (first-person past singular)
firinōdī (past second-person singular)
firinō (present singular third-person)
firinōdī (past singular third-person)
firinōdīm (first-person past plural)
firinōdīd (past plural second-person)
firinōn (plural present third-person)
firinōdīn (past plural third-person)
firinō (present singular)
firinōþ (plural present)
firinōndī (participle present)
firinōd (participle past)

Old English: firenian

Old High German: firinōn

Middle High German: virnen

From Proto-Germanic *firinōną. Equivalent to *firinu (“crime”) + *-ōn.


wurti

wurti (nominative singular)
wurtī (nominative plural)
wurti (accusative singular)
wurtī (accusative plural)
wurtī (genitive singular)
wurtijō (genitive plural)
wurtī (dative singular)
wurtim (dative plural)
wurtijum (dative plural)
wurtī (instrumental singular)
wurtim (instrumental plural)
wurtijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: wyrt (“plant, herb”)
Middle English: wurt, worte, wort
English: wort
Middle Scots: *wort (attested in plural wortis)
Scots: wirt
⇒ Middle English: wurten, worten (“resembling or pertaining to spice, herbal”, adj)

Old English: wyrt (“brewer's wort”) (merged with descendant of *wurtiju)

Middle English: wort, worte

English: wort

Scots: wirt

Old Saxon: wurt
Middle Low German: wort, wurt

Old Dutch: wurt

Middle Dutch: worte

Old High German: wurz
Middle High German: wurz
Cimbrian: burtz, buurtza (Sette Comuni)
German: Wurz
Vilamovian: wiyc
⇒ Old High German: giwurz f
Middle High German: *gewürze (attested 15th c.)
German: Gewürz n
→ German Low German: Gewürz
Luxembourgish: Gewierz


tūnijan

tūnijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
tūnijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
tūnijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
tūnijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
tūniju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tūnidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tūnisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tūnidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tūnidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tūniþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tūnidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tūnidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tūnijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tūnidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tūniþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tūnidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tūnijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tūnidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tūnijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
tūnidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
tūnijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
tūnidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
tūnijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
tūnidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
tūnijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
tūnidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
tūnijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
tūnidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
tūnijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
tūnidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
tūni (class-1 present singular weak)
tūniþ (class-1 plural present weak)
tūnijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
tūnid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: tȳnan
Middle English: tynen, tine, tuynen, tunen
English: tine, teen
Yola: tine, theene

Old Frisian: tēna

Old Saxon: *tūnian

Middle Low German: tûnen, tü̂nen

Old Dutch: *tūnen

Middle Dutch: tunen

Dutch: tuinen, tunen (dialectal)

Old High German: zūnen

Middle High German: ziunen, zūnen

German: zäunen


brūdi

brūdi (nominative singular)
brūdī (nominative plural)
brūdi (accusative singular)
brūdī (accusative plural)
brūdī (genitive singular)
brūdijō (genitive plural)
brūdī (dative singular)
brūdim (dative plural)
brūdijum (dative plural)
brūdī (instrumental singular)
brūdim (instrumental plural)
brūdijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: brȳd
Middle English: bride, brid, bryd, bryde, brude
English: bride
Scots: bride
Yola: breede

Old Frisian: brēd, breid

Saterland Frisian: Bräid

West Frisian: breid

Old Saxon: brūd
Middle Low German: brûde, brût
German Low German: Bruut

Old Dutch: *brūd

Middle Dutch: bruut

Dutch: bruid
Afrikaans: bruid
Negerhollands: bruid
→ Papiamentu: brùit, breit, breid

Old High German: brūt, prut
Middle High German: brūt
Alemannic German: Bruut
Central Franconian: Brock, Brout, Bruut, Bruck
Hunsrik: praut
German: Braut
Luxembourgish: Braut
→ Friulian: brût
→ Old French: bruy
French: bru

→ Old French: bru, brut
French: bru


snūt

snūt (nominative singular)
snūtō (nominative plural)
snūtōs (nominative plural)
snūt (accusative singular)
snūtā (accusative plural)
snūtas (genitive singular)
snūtō (genitive plural)
snūtē (dative singular)
snūtum (dative plural)
snūtu (instrumental singular)
snūtum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *snūt

Saterland Frisian: Snuute

West Frisian: snút

Old Saxon: *snūt

Middle Low German: snûte, snuut, snuyt

Low German: Schnute, Snuut

→ German: Schnute

Old Dutch: *snūt

Middle Dutch: snute

Dutch: snuit

Afrikaans: snuit

→ Middle English: snowte, snoute, snout, snute, snowth
English: snout
Scots: snout, snoot
→ English: snoot

Old High German: *snūz

Middle High German: *snuze

German: Schnauze, Schnauße

→ Plautdietsch: Schnuz

Yiddish: שנויץ (shnoyts)


þurhil

þurhil (masculine nominative singular)
þurhilu (feminine nominative singular)
þurhil (neuter nominative singular)
þurhilanā (accusative masculine singular)
þurhilā (accusative feminine singular)
þurhil (accusative neuter singular)
þurhilas (genitive masculine singular)
þurhileʀā (feminine genitive singular)
þurhilas (genitive neuter singular)
þurhilumē (dative masculine singular)
þurhileʀē (dative feminine singular)
þurhilumē (dative neuter singular)
þurhilu (instrumental masculine singular)
þurhileʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
þurhilu (instrumental neuter singular)
þurhilē (masculine nominative plural)
þurhilō (feminine nominative plural)
þurhilu (neuter nominative plural)
þurhilā (accusative masculine plural)
þurhilā (accusative feminine plural)
þurhilu (accusative neuter plural)
þurhileʀō (genitive masculine plural)
þurhileʀō (feminine genitive plural)
þurhileʀō (genitive neuter plural)
þurhilēm (dative masculine plural)
þurhilum (dative masculine plural)
þurhilēm (dative feminine plural)
þurhilum (dative feminine plural)
þurhilēm (dative neuter plural)
þurhilum (dative neuter plural)
þurhilēm (instrumental masculine plural)
þurhilum (instrumental masculine plural)
þurhilēm (feminine instrumental plural)
þurhilum (feminine instrumental plural)
þurhilēm (instrumental neuter plural)
þurhilum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: þyrel, þirel

⇒? Middle English: thyrly

Old Saxon: *thurhil, thurkil

Old High German: durhil

desc

Middle High German: dürchel, durkel, dürkel

German: dürchel, dürkel


þurhil

þurhil (nominative singular)
þurhilu (nominative plural)
þurhil (accusative singular)
þurhilu (accusative plural)
þurhilas (genitive singular)
þurhilō (genitive plural)
þurhilē (dative singular)
þurhilum (dative plural)
þurhilu (instrumental singular)
þurhilum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: þyrel, þiril, þirel, þryl, þyrl, þerl — in compounds
Middle English: thurl, thirl
English: thirl
Scots: thirl


namnijan

namnijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
namnijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
namnijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
namnijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
namniju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
namnidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
namnisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
namnidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
namnidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
namniþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
namnidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
namnidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
namnijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
namnidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
namniþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
namnidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
namnijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
namnidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
namnijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
namnidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
namnijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
namnidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
namnijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
namnidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
namnijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
namnidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
namnijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
namnidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
namnijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
namnidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
namni (class-1 present singular weak)
namniþ (class-1 plural present weak)
namnijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
namnid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: nemnan, nemnian

desc

Middle English: nemnen, nempnen, nevnen, nevenen

Scots: nemmin, nem, neme, nevin

English: neven

Old Frisian: namna, nemna, nomna, nanna, nenna

Saterland Frisian: namme

Old Saxon: nemnian

Middle Low German: nemnen, nemmen

Plautdietsch: nanen, neemen

Old Dutch: *nemnen

Middle Dutch: nennen

Old High German: nemnen

Middle High German: nemnen, nennen

German: nennen

Hunsrik: nenne

Luxembourgish: nennen


hlūd

hlūd (masculine nominative singular)
hlūdu (feminine nominative singular)
hlūd (neuter nominative singular)
hlūdanā (accusative masculine singular)
hlūdā (accusative feminine singular)
hlūd (accusative neuter singular)
hlūdas (genitive masculine singular)
hlūdeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
hlūdas (genitive neuter singular)
hlūdumē (dative masculine singular)
hlūdeʀē (dative feminine singular)
hlūdumē (dative neuter singular)
hlūdu (instrumental masculine singular)
hlūdeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
hlūdu (instrumental neuter singular)
hlūdē (masculine nominative plural)
hlūdō (feminine nominative plural)
hlūdu (neuter nominative plural)
hlūdā (accusative masculine plural)
hlūdā (accusative feminine plural)
hlūdu (accusative neuter plural)
hlūdeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
hlūdeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
hlūdeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
hlūdēm (dative masculine plural)
hlūdum (dative masculine plural)
hlūdēm (dative feminine plural)
hlūdum (dative feminine plural)
hlūdēm (dative neuter plural)
hlūdum (dative neuter plural)
hlūdēm (instrumental masculine plural)
hlūdum (instrumental masculine plural)
hlūdēm (feminine instrumental plural)
hlūdum (feminine instrumental plural)
hlūdēm (instrumental neuter plural)
hlūdum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: hlūd
Middle English: loud, loude, lowd, lowde, lud
English: loud
Scots: loud, lood

Old Frisian: hlūd
Saterland Frisian: luud
West Frisian: lûd

Old Saxon: hlūd
Middle Low German: lūt, lūd
German Low German: luud, luut
Low German: luud
Plautdietsch: lud

Old Dutch: lūd

Middle Dutch: luut
Dutch: luid
Limburgish: luud

Old High German: lūt
Middle High German: lūt
German: laut
→ Esperanto: laŭta


hlūd

hlūd (nominative singular)
hlūdu (nominative plural)
hlūd (accusative singular)
hlūdu (accusative plural)
hlūdas (genitive singular)
hlūdō (genitive plural)
hlūdē (dative singular)
hlūdum (dative plural)
hlūdu (instrumental singular)
hlūdum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: hlūd


rūm

rūm (masculine nominative singular)
rūmu (feminine nominative singular)
rūm (neuter nominative singular)
rūmanā (accusative masculine singular)
rūmā (accusative feminine singular)
rūm (accusative neuter singular)
rūmas (genitive masculine singular)
rūmeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
rūmas (genitive neuter singular)
rūmumē (dative masculine singular)
rūmeʀē (dative feminine singular)
rūmumē (dative neuter singular)
rūmu (instrumental masculine singular)
rūmeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
rūmu (instrumental neuter singular)
rūmē (masculine nominative plural)
rūmō (feminine nominative plural)
rūmu (neuter nominative plural)
rūmā (accusative masculine plural)
rūmā (accusative feminine plural)
rūmu (accusative neuter plural)
rūmeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
rūmeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
rūmeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
rūmēm (dative masculine plural)
rūmum (dative masculine plural)
rūmēm (dative feminine plural)
rūmum (dative feminine plural)
rūmēm (dative neuter plural)
rūmum (dative neuter plural)
rūmēm (instrumental masculine plural)
rūmum (instrumental masculine plural)
rūmēm (feminine instrumental plural)
rūmum (feminine instrumental plural)
rūmēm (instrumental neuter plural)
rūmum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: rūm

Middle English: rum, roum

Scots: roum, rowm

English: room (adjective) (archaic)

Old Frisian: rūm

Saterland Frisian: ruum

West Frisian: rom, rûm

Old Saxon: *rūm

Middle Low German: rūm

German Low German: ruum

⇒ German Low German: geruum

Old Dutch: *rūm

Middle Dutch: ruum

Dutch: ruim

Afrikaans: ruim

Old High German: rūmi

Middle High German: rūme

German: raum (rare)


rūm

rūm (nominative singular)
rūmu (nominative plural)
rūm (accusative singular)
rūmu (accusative plural)
rūmas (genitive singular)
rūmō (genitive plural)
rūmē (dative singular)
rūmum (dative plural)
rūmu (instrumental singular)
rūmum (instrumental plural)

Old English: rūm m or n

Middle English: roum

English: room

→ Fiji Hindi: rum

→ Scottish Gaelic: rùm m

→ Tok Pisin: rum

Scots: rowm, roum

Old Frisian: *rūm

Saterland Frisian: Ruum m

Old Saxon: rūm

Middle Low German: rûm

Low German: Ruum m

German Low German: Ruum m

→ Lower Sorbian: rum m inan

Plautdietsch: Rum

Old Dutch: *rūm

Middle Dutch: ruum

Dutch: ruim n

Afrikaans: ruim

Old High German: rūm

Middle High German: rūm

German: Raum m

Hunsrik: Raum m

Luxembourgish: Raum m

Volga German: Raum m


gamunþī

gamunþī (nominative singular)
gamunþiju (nominative plural)
gamunþī (accusative singular)
gamunþiju (accusative plural)
gamunþijas (genitive singular)
gamunþijō (genitive plural)
gamunþijē (dative singular)
gamunþijum (dative plural)
gamunþiju (instrumental singular)
gamunþijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġemȳþe, ġemȳþ

Old Saxon: gimūthi

Old Dutch: *gimundi (attested in place names)

Old High German: gimundi


galmi

galmi (nominative singular)
galmī (nominative plural)
galmi (accusative singular)
galmī (accusative plural)
galmī (genitive singular)
galmijō (genitive plural)
galmī (dative singular)
galmim (dative plural)
galmijum (dative plural)
galmī (instrumental singular)
galmim (instrumental plural)
galmijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġilm, ġelm
Middle English: yelm
English: yelm, yealm

Old Frisian: *gelm

West Frisian: galm (Schiermonnikoog)

Possibly inherited from Proto-Germanic *galmiz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“to flourish”) or *gʰel- (“to cut”); such a formation would be paralleled by *glaimi, *hlammi, *walmi.
A connection to Old Norse -gelmir in the names of the giants Aurgelmir (i.e. Ymir), Bergelmir and Þrúðgelmir is possible, though it is semantically far-fetched; furthermore, this compound element is typically connected to *galm.

der

(Anglo-Frisian Germanic) bundle, handful (of plants)


hunþijan

hunþijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hunþijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hunþijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hunþijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hunþiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hunþidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hunþisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hunþidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hunþidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hunþiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hunþidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hunþidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hunþijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hunþidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hunþiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hunþidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hunþijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hunþidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hunþijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hunþidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hunþijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hunþidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hunþijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hunþidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hunþijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hunþidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hunþijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hunþidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hunþijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hunþidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hunþi (class-1 present singular weak)
hunþiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hunþijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hunþid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: hȳþan

⇒ Old High German: firhunden


funsijan

funsijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
funsijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
funsijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
funsijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
funsiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
funsidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
funsisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
funsidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
funsidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
funsiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
funsidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
funsidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
funsijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
funsidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
funsiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
funsidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
funsijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
funsidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
funsijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
funsidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
funsijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
funsidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
funsijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
funsidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
funsijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
funsidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
funsijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
funsidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
funsijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
funsidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
funsi (class-1 present singular weak)
funsiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
funsijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
funsid (class-1 participle past weak)

desctree

Old English: fȳsan, fȳsian, fēsan, fēsian — Anglian
Middle English: füsen, fesen (with unexpected /ɛː/)
English: feeze, fease, faze
Scots: faize

Old Saxon: fūsian

From Proto-Germanic *funsijaną. Equivalent to *funs (“ready”) + *-jan.


fōdijan

fōdijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
fōdijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
fōdijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
fōdijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
fōdiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fōdidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fōdisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fōdidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fōdidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fōdiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fōdidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fōdidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fōdijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fōdidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fōdiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fōdidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fōdijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fōdidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fōdijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fōdidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fōdijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fōdidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fōdijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fōdidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fōdijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fōdidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fōdijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fōdidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fōdijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fōdidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fōdi (class-1 present singular weak)
fōdiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
fōdijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
fōdid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: fēdan

Middle English: feden

Scots: fede, feid

English: feed

Old Frisian: fēda

West Frisian: fiede

Old Saxon: fōdian

Middle Low German: vö̂den

German Low German: föden

Old Dutch: *fuoden

Middle Dutch: voeden

Dutch: voeden

Afrikaans: voed

Old High German: fuotan


drōbī

drōbī (masculine nominative singular)
drōbiju (feminine nominative singular)
drōbī (neuter nominative singular)
drōbijanā (accusative masculine singular)
drōbijā (accusative feminine singular)
drōbī (accusative neuter singular)
drōbijas (genitive masculine singular)
drōbijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
drōbijas (genitive neuter singular)
drōbijumē (dative masculine singular)
drōbijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
drōbijumē (dative neuter singular)
drōbiju (instrumental masculine singular)
drōbijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
drōbiju (instrumental neuter singular)
drōbijē (masculine nominative plural)
drōbijō (feminine nominative plural)
drōbiju (neuter nominative plural)
drōbijā (accusative masculine plural)
drōbijā (accusative feminine plural)
drōbiju (accusative neuter plural)
drōbijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
drōbijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
drōbijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
drōbijēm (dative masculine plural)
drōbijum (dative masculine plural)
drōbijēm (dative feminine plural)
drōbijum (dative feminine plural)
drōbijēm (dative neuter plural)
drōbijum (dative neuter plural)
drōbijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
drōbijum (instrumental masculine plural)
drōbijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
drōbijum (feminine instrumental plural)
drōbijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
drōbijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: drōf, *drēfe

Middle English: drof, drove, dref

English: droff (dialectal)

Old Frisian: drēve

Old Saxon: drōbi

Middle Low German: drôve

Old Dutch: *druovi

Middle Dutch: droeve

Dutch: droef

Afrikaans: droef

Old High German: truobi

Middle High German: truobe, trüebe

German: trüb, trübe

→ English: trub

From Proto-Germanic *drōbuz + *-ī (adjective suffix).


brōgō

brōgō (nominative singular)
brōgan (nominative plural)
brōgan (accusative singular)
brōgan (accusative plural)
brōgini (genitive singular)
brōgan (genitive singular)
brōganō (genitive plural)
brōgini (dative singular)
brōgan (dative singular)
brōgum (dative plural)
brōgini (instrumental singular)
brōgan (instrumental singular)
brōgum (instrumental plural)

Old English: brōga

Old High German: bruogo


bannju

bannju (nominative singular)
bannjō (nominative plural)
bannjā (accusative singular)
bannjā (accusative plural)
bannjā (genitive singular)
bannjō (genitive plural)
bannjē (dative singular)
bannjōm (dative plural)
bannjum (dative plural)
bannju (instrumental singular)
bannjōm (instrumental plural)
bannjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: benn

Old Saxon: beni


bōni

bōni (nominative singular)
bōnī (nominative plural)
bōni (accusative singular)
bōnī (accusative plural)
bōnī (genitive singular)
bōnijō (genitive plural)
bōnī (dative singular)
bōnim (dative plural)
bōnijum (dative plural)
bōnī (instrumental singular)
bōnim (instrumental plural)
bōnijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: bēn
Middle English: ben, bene
English: ben, bene
⇒ English: bee
⇒ Scots: been-hook, been-plough


brōgijan

brōgijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
brōgijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
brōgijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
brōgijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
brōgiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
brōgidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
brōgisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
brōgidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
brōgidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
brōgiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
brōgidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
brōgidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
brōgijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
brōgidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
brōgiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
brōgidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
brōgijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
brōgidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
brōgijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
brōgidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
brōgijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
brōgidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
brōgijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
brōgidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
brōgijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
brōgidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
brōgijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
brōgidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
brōgijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
brōgidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
brōgi (class-1 present singular weak)
brōgiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
brōgijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
brōgid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: brēġan

Middle English: breen

Old High German: bruogen


kanip

kanip (nominative singular)
kanipō (nominative plural)
kanipōs (nominative plural)
kanip (accusative singular)
kanipā (accusative plural)
kanipas (genitive singular)
kanipō (genitive plural)
kanipē (dative singular)
kanipum (dative plural)
kanipu (instrumental singular)
kanipum (instrumental plural)

Old English: cenep

Middle English: kempe

English: kemp

Old Frisian: kanep, kenep, knap, knep


bruttjō

bruttjō (nominative singular)
bruttjan (nominative plural)
bruttjan (accusative singular)
bruttjan (accusative plural)
bruttjini (genitive singular)
bruttjan (genitive singular)
bruttjanō (genitive plural)
bruttjini (dative singular)
bruttjan (dative singular)
bruttjum (dative plural)
bruttjini (instrumental singular)
bruttjan (instrumental singular)
bruttjum (instrumental plural)

Old English: brytta

From Proto-Germanic *brutjô, from *brutōną (“to break, divide”) (whence Old Norse brytja (“to chop”), and Old English bryttian (“to divide into pieces”)) + *-jô. Equivalent to *brutōn (“to divide”) + *-jō. Cognate with Old Norse bryti (“steward, bailiff”).


wunskijan

wunskijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
wunskijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
wunskijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
wunskijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
wunskiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wunskidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wunskisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wunskidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wunskidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wunskiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wunskidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wunskidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wunskijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wunskidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wunskiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wunskidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wunskijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wunskidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wunskijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
wunskidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
wunskijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
wunskidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
wunskijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
wunskidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
wunskijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
wunskidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
wunskijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
wunskidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
wunskijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
wunskidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
wunski (class-1 present singular weak)
wunskiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
wunskijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
wunskid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: wȳsċan

desc

Middle English: wüschen, wischen, wisshen

Scots: wis

English: wish

Yola: vish

Old Frisian: *wenskia, *wunskia (likely a borrowing?)

Saterland Frisian: wonskje

West Frisian: winskje

Old Saxon: *wunskian

Middle Low German: wunschen

German Low German: wönschen, wünsken (Westphalian)

Low German: wöösken

Plautdietsch: wenschen

Old Dutch: *wunsken

Middle Dutch: wonschen (eastern), wunschen (eastern), wenschen (western)

Dutch: wensen

Afrikaans: wens

Limburgish: wönsje

Old High German: wunsken, wunscen

Middle High German: wunschen

German: wünschen

→ Czech: vinšovat

desctree

→ Polish: winszować
→ Belarusian: віншава́ць (vinšavácʹ)
→ Ukrainian: віншува́ти (vinšuváty)

desc

→ Carpathian Rusyn: вінчова́ти (vinčováty)

→ Slovak: vinšovať

Luxembourgish: wënschen

Yiddish: ווינטשן (vintshn)

→ Serbo-Croatian: приу̀штити, priùštiti

→ Slovene: voščiti, privoščiti


hūʀijan

hūʀijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
hūʀijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
hūʀijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
hūʀijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
hūʀiju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hūʀidā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hūʀisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hūʀidēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hūʀidōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hūʀiþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hūʀidē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hūʀidā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hūʀijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hūʀidum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hūʀiþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hūʀidud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hūʀijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hūʀidun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hūʀijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
hūʀidī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
hūʀijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
hūʀidī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
hūʀijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
hūʀidī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
hūʀijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
hūʀidīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
hūʀijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
hūʀidīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
hūʀijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
hūʀidīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
hūʀi (class-1 present singular weak)
hūʀiþ (class-1 plural present weak)
hūʀijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
hūʀid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: hȳrian, hȳran

desctree

Middle English: hiren, here, hire, hure, hury, huyre, hyer, hyre, hyren
English: hire
Scots: hire

Old Frisian: hēra

West Frisian: hiere

Old Saxon: *hūrian

Middle Low German: hūren

German Low German: hüren

→ Middle High German: hūren

German: heuern

Bavarian: huiern, heiern

→ Swedish: hyra

Old Dutch: *hūren

Middle Dutch: huren

Dutch: huren

Afrikaans: huur

Limburgish: hure

From Proto-Germanic *hūzijaną, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kuHs-yé-ti, from *kewHs- (“to pay; to hire”) + *-yéti. Cognate with Hittite 𒆪𒊭𒀭 (ku-uš-ša-an /kuššan-/, “pay, salary, fee, hire”).


fōrijan

fōrijan (class-1 infinitive weak)
fōrijannjas (class-1 genitive infinitive weak)
fōrijannjē (class-1 dative infinitive weak)
fōrijannju (class-1 infinitive instrumental weak)
fōriju (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fōridā (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fōrisi (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fōridēs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fōridōs (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fōriþi (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fōridē (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fōridā (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fōrijum (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fōridum (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fōriþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fōridud (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fōrijanþ (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fōridun (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fōrijē (class-1 first-person present singular weak)
fōridī (class-1 first-person past singular weak)
fōrijēs (class-1 present second-person singular weak)
fōridī (class-1 past second-person singular weak)
fōrijē (class-1 present singular third-person weak)
fōridī (class-1 past singular third-person weak)
fōrijēm (class-1 first-person plural present weak)
fōridīm (class-1 first-person past plural weak)
fōrijēþ (class-1 plural present second-person weak)
fōridīd (class-1 past plural second-person weak)
fōrijēn (class-1 plural present third-person weak)
fōridīn (class-1 past plural third-person weak)
fōri (class-1 present singular weak)
fōriþ (class-1 plural present weak)
fōrijandī (class-1 participle present weak)
fōrid (class-1 participle past weak)

Old English: fēran

i

merged with descendant of Old English <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">faran</i>

Middle English: feren, fearen (merged with descendant of Old English faran)

Old Frisian: fēra

Saterland Frisian: fiere

West Frisian: fiere

Old Saxon: fōrian

Middle Low German: vôren, vuren

German Low German: föhren

Old Dutch: fuoren

desc

Middle Dutch: voeren, voren, vuren, vueren

Dutch: voeren

Afrikaans: voer

Limburgish: veure

Old High German: fuoren

Middle High German: vüeren

Bavarian: fiarn

Cimbrian: vüuran, büuran (Mezzaselva)

Central Franconian: führe, fiehre

Luxembourgish: féieren

German: führen

Yiddish: פֿירן (firn)