fehu

fehu (nominative singular)
fehu (accusative singular)
fehō (genitive singular)
fihiwi (dative singular)
fehō (dative singular)
fehu (instrumental singular)

desctree

Old English: feoh, fioh, feh
Middle English: feh, fe, fee (with Old French)
English: fee
Scots: fe, fee, fiel

Old Frisian: fia

Saterland Frisian: Fäi

West Frisian: fee

Old Saxon: fehu, feho, feu
Middle Low German: vehe, veh, vê, vie
German Low German: Veeh, Veh, Veih n (Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch)
Plautdietsch: Fee

Old Dutch: fē, fio, fiu

Middle Dutch: vêe
Dutch: vee
Afrikaans: vee
Negerhollands: vee
Limburgish: vieë, vieëch

Old High German: fihu
Middle High German: vihe, vëhe, vich, viech, vech, vie, vē
Alemannic German: Vëh
Swabian: Viech
Bavarian: Viech
Cimbrian: viighe, biighe (Mezzaselva)
East Central German:
Upper Saxon German: Viech
German: Vieh; Viech (with distinction)
Luxembourgish: Véi
Rhine Franconian:
Hessian: Veh, Veih, Vieh
Palatine: Veh, Vieh, Viech
Yiddish: פֿיך (fikh)

→ Vulgar Latin: *feus

Old French: fieu (dated 11th-century) (see there for further descendants)

Old Occitan: feu

Catalan: feu

Occitan: fèu

Medieval Latin: fevum (dated 899, La Garde-Freinet, France)

Old French: fief m (dated 13th-century)

Middle French: fief

French: fief

→ Romanian: fief

→ English: fief

Old French: feffe, feoffe f

Middle French: fieffe

→ Middle English: feffe, feoffe

English: feoff

⇒ Medieval Latin: feudum, feodum (see there for further descendants)


sōl

sōl (nominative singular)
sōl (accusative singular)
sawili (genitive singular)
sawili (dative singular)
sawili (instrumental singular)

Old English: sōl ?

desc

⇒? Old English: siġel, sæġl, syġel, seġl n

⇒? Old English: sweġel, sweġl, swæġl n

Old Saxon: sōl f

From Proto-Germanic *sōl n (“sun”), possibly feminized from in an opposing gender pair with masculine *mānō (“moon”). See *sunnō.


Mārīwīg

Mārīwīg (nominative singular)
Mārīwīg (accusative singular)
Mārīwīgas (genitive singular)
Mārīwīgē (dative singular)
Mārīwīgu (instrumental singular)

Old High German: Mārwīg

German: Marwig

→ Dutch: Marwijk

→ Latin: Meroveus, Merovius

French: Mérovée

→ English: Merovech

From *mārī (“famous”) + *wīg (“battle”).


Hrōþiland

Hrōþiland (nominative singular)
Hrōþiland (accusative singular)
Hrōþilandas (genitive singular)
Hrōþilandē (dative singular)
Hrōþilandu (instrumental singular)

Old Dutch: *Ruodlant

Middle Dutch: Roelant

Dutch: Roeland, Roel

Old High German: Hruotland, *Hrōdlant

Middle High German: Ruoland, Ruolant

German: Roland

→ Medieval Latin: Hruodlandus, Hroudlandus [abt. 825. Vita Karoli Magni]

Old French: Rodlant, Roland

French: Roland

Italian: Orlando

From *hrōþi (“praise, fame”) + *land (“land”).

af

a male given name, equivalent to English Roland or Orlando


Hildigardu

Hildigardu (nominative singular)
Hildigardā (accusative singular)
Hildigardā (genitive singular)
Hildigardē (dative singular)
Hildigardu (instrumental singular)

Old High German: Hildigard, Hiltigart

desctree

German: Hildegard
→ English: Hildegard
→ Polish: Hildegarda
→ Swedish: Hildegard

→ Faroese: Hildigarð, Hildigerð

→ Old French: Hildegarde

Middle French: Hildegarde

French: Hildegarde

→ English: Hildegarde

→ Spanish: Hildegarda

From *hildi (“battle”) + *gard (“enclosure”).

(Elbe Germanic, Frankish) a female given name, equivalent to English Hildegard


Aþalberht

Aþalberht (nominative singular)
Aþalberht (accusative singular)
Aþalberhtas (genitive singular)
Aþalberhtē (dative singular)
Aþalberhtu (instrumental singular)

desc

Old English: Æþelberht, Æþelbeorht, Æþelbert, Æþelbryht

→ English: Ethelbert (learned)

Old Saxon: Athalberht

Old Dutch: *Athalbert

Middle Dutch:

Dutch: Adelbert

Old High German: Adalberaht, Adalbert

Middle High German:

German: Albrecht, Adelbert

→ Latin: Adalbertus

Catalan: Adalbert

→ Old French: Albert, Elbert

French: Albert, Aubert

→ Catalan: Albert

→ English: Albert, Elbert

Italian: Adalberto

Portuguese: Adalberto

Spanish: Adalberto

From *aþal (“noble”) + *berht (“bright, shining”).


Gautafriþu

Gautafriþu (nominative singular)
Gautafriþā (accusative singular)
Gautafriþā (genitive singular)
Gautafriþē (dative singular)
Gautafriþu (instrumental singular)

Old High German: Gautfred

German: Gottfried
→ Swedish: Gottfrid

→ Latin: Godefridus (see there for further descendants)

a male given name, equivalent to English Godfrey or Jeffrey


Hlūdawīg

Hlūdawīg (nominative singular)
Hlūdawīg (accusative singular)
Hlūdawīgas (genitive singular)
Hlūdawīgē (dative singular)
Hlūdawīgu (instrumental singular)

Middle Dutch: Lodewijc

Dutch: Lodewijk

desc

Old High German: Lūdwīg, Hlūtwīg, Ludhuwīg, Hludwig, *Hlūtwīg

Middle High German: Ludewig

Rhine Franconian: Ludwich

German: Ludwig (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Norse: Lúðvíg, Lóðvíg, Lóðvík

Icelandic: Lúðvíg, Lúðvík

Faroese: Ludvík

Norwegian: Ludvig, Ludvik

Old Danish: Ludvig

Danish: Ludwik, Ludvik, Ludwik, Ludvig (see there for further descendants)

Old Swedish: Lodwig, Lodwik

Swedish: Ludvig, Ludvik

→ Finnish: Ludvig, Ludvik

→ Latin: Clodovicus, Chlodovechus, Lodhuuic, Hlodowicus, Hluduicus, Ludovicus (see there for further descendants)

→ French: Clovis
→ English: Clovis

→ Norman: Clovis

→ Old French: Chlodowig, Lodhwig, Lodhuuig, Lodhuwig, Lodhuvigs, Looïs, Luis

Anglo-Norman:

→ Middle English: Lewis, Lowis

English: Lewis

Middle French: Loïc, Loïs

French: Louis (see there for further descendants)

→ Breton: Loïc

Norman: Louis

→ Catalan: Lluís

→ Cimbrian: Luis

→ English: Louis (see there for further descendants)

→ Galician: Lois

→ German: Luis

→ Italian: Luigi (see there for further descendants)

→ Occitan: Loís

→ Old Occitan: Aloys

→ Latin: Aloysius

→ Alemannic German: Alewiss

→ Czech: Alois

→ English: Aloysius

→ German: Alois

→ Hungarian: Alajos

→ Irish: Alaois

→ Italian: Aloisio

→ Polish: Alojzy

→ Portuguese: Aloísio

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: Alojz, Alojzije

→ Slovak: Alojz

→ Slovene: Alojz, Alojzij

→ Venetian: Alvise

→ Portuguese: Luís (see there for further descendants)

→ Spanish: Luis (see there for further descendants)

From *hlūd (“loud, famous”) + *wīg (“fight, battle”).

af

a male given name, meaning famous in battle


Gaiʀahard

Gaiʀahard (nominative singular)
Gaiʀahard (accusative singular)
Gaiʀahardas (genitive singular)
Gaiʀahardē (dative singular)
Gaiʀahardu (instrumental singular)

Old English: Gārheard

desctree

Old Dutch: *Gērhard (attested in placenames)
Middle Dutch: Gherart, Gerart
Dutch: Gerard, Geert, Gert

Old High German: Gērhart

German: Gerhard

→ Hungarian: Gellért

→ Old Norse: Geirarðr

→ Old French: Gerart
French: Gérard
→ English: Gerard
→ Irish: Gearóid

→ Latin: Gerardus

Catalan: Gerard

Italian: Gerardo, Gherardo

Spanish: Gerardo

From *gaiʀ (“spear”) + *hard(ī) (“brave, hard”).

af

a male given name, equivalent to English Gerard


Aþalburg

Aþalburg (nominative singular)
Aþalburg (accusative singular)
Aþalburgas (genitive singular)
Aþalburgē (dative singular)
Aþalburgu (instrumental singular)

Old English: Æþelburg, Æþelburh

Old High German: Adalburg

From *aþal (“noble”) + *burg (“stronghold”).


Krēkō

desctree

Old English: Crēcas, Grēcas, Crēce, Grēce
Middle English: Greke
English: Greek

Old Frisian:

North Frisian:

Mooring: griiche

Saterland Frisian: Grieke

West Frisian: Gryk

Old Saxon: *Krēkos

Middle Low German: grēke

Low German: Greek

Old Dutch: *Krēka(s)

Middle Dutch: Griec, Grieke

Dutch: Griek

Old High German: Kriehha

desc

Middle High German: krieche, (rare) grieche

German: Grieche, (obsolete) Krieche

Borrowed from Latin Graecus (“Greek”). Parallel borrowing with Gothic 𐌺𐍂𐌴𐌺𐍃 (krēks, “Greek”) with the same treatment of the initial consonant.


hīwōn

hīwōn (nominative plural)
hīwōn (accusative plural)
hīwanō (genitive plural)
hīum (dative plural)
hīum (instrumental plural)

Old English: hīwan

Old Frisian: hiōne, hiūne, hīne

Old Saxon: hīwun, hīun

Middle Dutch: huwe sg f

Old High German: hīūn, hīwen, hīen, *hīwo

Middle High German: hīe sg

Cimbrian: haje, hajar pl n, hair pl n


Rādawulf

Rādawulf (nominative singular)
Rādawulf (accusative singular)
Rādawulfas (genitive singular)
Rādawulfē (dative singular)
Rādawulfu (instrumental singular)

Old English: Rǣdwulf

Middle English: Radulf

English: Ralph

→ German: Ralf

→ Norwegian: Ralf

→ Swedish: Ralf

Old Saxon: Rādolf

Old Dutch: *Rādolf

Middle Dutch: Radolf

Old High German: Ratolf

→ Old French: Raol, Raoul

French: Raoul

→ Catalan: Raül

→ English: Raoul

→ Portuguese: Raul

→ Spanish: Raúl

From Proto-Germanic *Rēdawulfaz. Equivalent to *rād (“counsel”) + *wulf (“wolf”).

a male given name, equivalent to English Ralph


Hrōþiwulf

Hrōþiwulf (nominative singular)
Hrōþiwulf (accusative singular)
Hrōþiwulfas (genitive singular)
Hrōþiwulfē (dative singular)
Hrōþiwulfu (instrumental singular)

Old English: Hrōþwulf, Hrōþulf

Old Saxon: *Hrōtholf

Middle Low German: Rōdolf, Rōdelof

Old Dutch: *Ruotholf

Middle Dutch: Roedolf, Roelof

Dutch: Roedolf, Roelof, Roel (may also be from Roeland)

Old High German: *Hruodwolf, *Ruodolf

Middle High German: Ruodolf

German: Rudolf, Rudolph, Rudi

→ Dutch: Rudolf, Ruud

→ English: Rudolf, Rudolph, Rudy

→ Medieval Latin: Ruodolfus, Ruodolphus, Rodolphus

Italian: Rodolfo

→ English: Rodolphus

From Proto-Germanic *Hrōþiwulfaz. Equivalent to *hrōþi (“praise, fame”) + *wulf (“wolf”).

af

a male given name, equivalent to English Rudolf or Rudolph


firhwijō

firhwijō (nominative plural)
firhwijōs (nominative plural)
firhwijā (accusative plural)
firhwijō (genitive plural)
firhwijum (dative plural)
firhwijum (instrumental plural)

Old English: fīras

Old Saxon: fīrihos

Old High German: firaha

→⇒? Latin: Alaferhviae (< *alafirhwijō)


sebunstirnī

sebunstirnī (nominative singular)
sebunstirnī (accusative singular)
sebunstirnijas (genitive singular)
sebunstirnijē (dative singular)
sebunstirniju (instrumental singular)

Old English: seofonstierre

Old Frisian: *sogenstēre, *savenstēre

q

Saterland Frisian: Soogengestiern (influenced by or possibly borrowed from German)

West Frisian: sânstjer

Old Saxon: *sivunstirni, *sivunstirri

desc

Middle Low German: sēvenstērne, sȫvenstērne; sēvensterre

Old Dutch: *sivonstirni, *sivonstirri

Middle Dutch: sēvensterre

Dutch: zevenster (now rare)

Old High German: sibunstirni, sibunstirri; sibunstern

Middle High German: sibenstërne

German: Siebenstern, Siebengestirn


Ingumār

Ingumār (nominative singular)
Ingumār (accusative singular)
Ingumāras (genitive singular)
Ingumārē (dative singular)
Ingumāru (instrumental singular)

Old High German: Ingomār

German: Ingemar

→ German: Ingomar (semi-learned)

→ Latin: Hincmārus, Inguiomērus

→ French: Hincmar, Incmar (semi-learned)

→? Galician: Angumil

From Proto-Germanic *Ingumēraz, equivalent to *Ingu (“Germanic fertility god”) + *mār (“fame”).


Frīju

Frīju (nominative singular)
Frīju (instrumental singular)

desc

Old English: Frīġ, Fricg, Frycg, *Frie, *Frigge (attested Friggan (gen.))

Middle English: Frie, Fri, Frye, Fre, Frea, Fræa, Frææ, Freon

Old High German: Friia

Lombardic: Frea


Batauwju

Batauwju (nominative singular)
Batauwjā (accusative singular)
Batauwjā (genitive singular)
Batauwjē (dative singular)
Batauwju (instrumental singular)

Old Dutch: *Batouwa, *Betuwa

Middle Dutch: *Betuwe

Dutch: Betuwe

From Proto-Germanic *Batawjō. Equivalent to *bat (“good”) + *auwju (“island”).


Masu

Masu (nominative singular)
Masu (instrumental singular)

Old Dutch: *masa

Middle Dutch: māse

Dutch: Maas

→ West Frisian: Maas

→ Norwegian: Maas

→ Swedish: Maas

→ Danish: Maas

→ Hungarian: Maas

→ Bulgarian: Маас (Maas)

→ Russian: Маас (Maas)

Limburgish: Maas, Maos

Old High German: Masa

Middle High German: *Mase

German: Maas

→ Czech: Máza


Wahal

Wahal (nominative singular)
Wahal (accusative singular)
Wahalē (dative singular)
Wahalu (instrumental singular)

Old Dutch: wāl

Middle Dutch: wâel

Dutch: Waal

→ Latin: vacalus, vachalis, vahal


Rīn

Rīn (nominative singular)
Rīn (accusative singular)

Old English: Rīn
English: Rhine

Old Dutch: *Rīn

Middle Dutch: Rijn

Dutch: Rijn, Rhijn

Afrikaans: Ryn

Limburgish: Rien

Old High German: Rīn

Middle High German: Rīn

Alemannic German: Rhy

Swabian: Rhãẽ

Central Franconian: Rheng, Rhing, Rhien, Rhein

Luxembourgish: Rhäin

German: Rhein

Rhine Franconian: Rhoi, Rhei, Rhein, Rhien


Eutō

Old English: Ēotas


Bajawarjō

Bajawarjā (accusative plural)
Bajawarjō (genitive plural)
Bajawarjum (dative plural)
Bajawarjum (instrumental plural)

Old High German: Beiara

Middle High German: Beier

German: Bayer

→ Latin: Baiuvariī

Borrowed, possibly via Latin Boiī, from a Celtic language, plus the Germanic *-wari (“dweller, citizen”).

the Bavarians, inhabitants of Bavaria or the nearby Bohemia


Amisi

Old Saxon: Emisa

Unknown. Cognate with Latin Amisia, Ancient Greek Ἀμασία (Amasía).


Rūmu

Rūmu (nominative singular)
Rūmu (instrumental singular)

desctree

Old English: Rōm, Rūm
Middle English: Rome
English: Rome
Scots: Roum, Rome

Old Frisian: Rūme

Old Saxon: Rūma
Middle Low German: Rōme, Rōm
Dutch Low Saxon: Rome

Old Dutch: *Rōma

Middle Dutch: rōme
Dutch: Rome
Afrikaans: Rome
Limburgish: Roeme

Old High German: Rūma, Rōma

Middle High German: Rōme

German: Rom

Luxembourgish: Roum

Yiddish: רוים (roym)

From Proto-Germanic *Rūmō, itself from Latin Rōma (possibly through Proto-Celtic *Rūmā).


haliþō barnu

Old English: hæleþa bearn

Old Saxon: helithō barn

From *haliþ "hero" + *barn "children." Has a possible analog in Old Norse hǫlda synir.


firhwijō barnu

Old English: fíra bearn

Old Saxon: firihō barn

From *firhwijō (“humans, people”) + *barn (“children”). Possible analog to Old Norse fíra synir.


mannō barnu

Old English: manna bearn

Old Saxon: mannō barn

From *mann "man" + *barn "children." Has a possible analog in Old Norse manna synir.


Frīsan

frīsan (nominative plural)
frīsan (accusative plural)
frīsanō (genitive plural)
frīsum (dative plural)
frīsum (instrumental plural)

Old English: Frīsan, Frēsan

Old Frisian: Frīsa, Frēsa

West Frisian: Friezen

Old High German: Frīson, Frieson

German: Friesen

From Proto-Germanic *frīsaniz (if an n-stem like in West Germanic) or frīsīz (if an i-stem like Old Norse frísir). It is also possible that both forms existed simultaneously.


Danī

Danī (nominative plural)
Danī (accusative plural)

desctree

Old English: Dene
Middle English: Dene, Dane

Old Saxon: *Denī

Middle Low German: dēne, denne

Low German: Dään

Old Dutch: *Denī

Middle Dutch: Dene

Dutch: Deen
Negerhollands: Deen

Old High German: *Tenī

Middle High German: Tene

German: Däne


sinhīwōn

sinhīwōn (nominative plural)
sinhīwōn (accusative plural)
sinhīwanō (genitive plural)
sinhīwum (dative plural)
sinhīwum (instrumental plural)

Old English: sinhīwan

desc

Old Frisian: sinhīgen, sinnane, sennene, senne

Old Saxon: sinhīwun

Old High German: sinhīwun

From *sin- (“ever-”) + *hīwōn (“married couple”).