See tošte- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chm-pro",
"2": "*tošta-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mari: *tošta-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Mari: *tošta-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "тошташ"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Mari: тошташ (toštaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Eastern Mari: тошташ (toštaš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mrj",
"2": "тошташ"
},
"expansion": "Western Mari: тошташ (toštaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Mari: тошташ (toštaš)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*tuostëtēk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samic: *tuostëtēk",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Samic: *tuostëtēk (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*tohtidak"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic: *tohtidak",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Finnic: *tohtidak (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰers-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰers-",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Has been proposed to ultimately derive from Proto-Indo-European *dʰers-, but this has later been considered dubious.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*tošte-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "West Uralic"
},
"expansion": "(West Uralic)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Uralic",
"lang_code": "urj-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/tošte-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Uralic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to dare"
],
"id": "en-tošte--urj-pro-verb-Ym~maO~1",
"links": [
[
"dare",
"dare"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tošte-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chm-pro",
"2": "*tošta-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mari: *tošta-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Mari: *tošta-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "тошташ"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Mari: тошташ (toštaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Eastern Mari: тошташ (toštaš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mrj",
"2": "тошташ"
},
"expansion": "Western Mari: тошташ (toštaš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Mari: тошташ (toštaš)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*tuostëtēk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samic: *tuostëtēk",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Samic: *tuostëtēk (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*tohtidak"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic: *tohtidak",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Finnic: *tohtidak (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰers-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰers-",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Has been proposed to ultimately derive from Proto-Indo-European *dʰers-, but this has later been considered dubious.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*tošte-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "West Uralic"
},
"expansion": "(West Uralic)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Uralic",
"lang_code": "urj-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/tošte-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Uralic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Uralic lemmas",
"Proto-Uralic verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to dare"
],
"links": [
[
"dare",
"dare"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tošte-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tošte- meaning in Proto-Uralic (2.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Uralic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (a681f8a and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.