tīrig

Oghur:

Chuvash: чӗрӗ (čĕrĕ)

Proto-Common Turkic: *tīrig

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: دری (diri)

Azerbaijani: diri

Gagauz: diri

Ottoman Turkish: دیری (diri)

Turkish: diri

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: diri

Karluk:

Karakhanid: تِرِكْ (tirig)

Uzbek: tirik

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: tiri

Kumyk: тири (tiri)

Karachay-Balkar: тири (tiri)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: тере (tere)

Tatar: тере (tere)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: тірі (tırı)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: тири (tiri), тирүү (tirüü)

Southern Altai: тирӱ (tirü)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur:

Western Yugur: terik

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: дириг (dirig)

Derived from *tīri- (“to live, come alive”) + *-g.


yulār

yulār (nominative singular)
yulārïg (accusative singular)
yulārnï (accusative singular)
yulārnïŋ (genitive singular)
yulārka (dative singular)
yulārda (locative singular)
yulārdan (ablative singular)
yulārgaru (allative singular)
yulārïn (instrumental singular)
yulārča (equative singular)
yulārlayu (singular)
yulārlïgu (comitative singular)

Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk
Nanaic
Proto-Tungusic
Tungusic languages
Udegheic
tr:Besim Atalay

Proto-Common Turkic: *yulār ~ *yular

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: یولار (yular)
Turkish: yular
→ Albanian: jullár
→ Armenian: յուլար /եուլար (yular)
→ Bulgarian: юла́р (julár)
→ Macedonian: улар (ular)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ју̀ла̄р, у̀ла̄р
Latin script: jùlār, ùlār

Kipchak:

Mamluk-Kipchak: یاولار (yūlār)

Karluk:

Karakhanid:

desc

Karakhanid: یُلَرْ (yular, yulār) (Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk)

Chagatai: یولار (yūlār), یولاق (yulāq)

Siberian Turkic:

North Siberian Turkic:

Yakut: сулар (sular)

South Siberian Turkic:

Northern Altai: дьулар (dʹular)

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: чулар (çular)

Unknown and uncertain. No discernible internal etymology has yet been made, and etymological dictionaries usually do not elaborate on concrete etymologies besides those listed below. Replaced in most Turkic languages by Mongolic *nokto (cf. Khalkha Mongolian ногт (nogt, “halter”)).
Potentially cognate with Proto-Turkic *yul- (“to take, to buy; to free from slavery”) or *yōl (“road, way”), however, it should be noted that these etymological connections are extremely tentative, and the suffix *-ār would still go unexplained, as no such suffix is present in Proto-Turkic.
Middle Mongol ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤ (ǰiluɣu) (and thus Mongolian жолоо (žoloo)) are often given as cognates to Turkic forms by older dictionaries, independent from the Altaic hypothesis given below, but the ultimate source of this root, whether Mongolic or Turkic, remains elusive.
Räsänen (1969) compares this specific root to the dialectal Balkan Turkish yıltar (“leash to lead cattle, a short strand of rope at the end-point of a halter”) and yultar (“small braid croquet worn by women and children”), however, Sevortyan (1980) points out that those dialectal forms most likely trace back to Greek, though no etymon is given by him.
Compared to Proto-Mongolic *ʒiluɣa (“halter”) (cf. Middle Mongol ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤ (ǰiluɣu), Mongolian жолоо (žoloo), East Yugur ʒoluː, etc.) and Proto-Tungusic *ʒulʒi (“chain, rope bind”) (cf. Nanai дюлдиэн (ʒulʒien), Ulch дулди (dulʒi), etc.) by Altaicists. Phonetic and semantic similarities purported by the authors of EDAL aside, this kind of long-range comparisons are not well received by the historical linguistic consensus and thus are not accepted. Proto-Tungusic reconstruction, for instance, relies only on Nanaic and Udegheic branches, and cannot be held accountable for the Tungusic languages as a whole.
Compared to Ancient Greek εὔληρα (eúlēra) by Škaljić (1966), though this etymology does not enjoy much support either.

q

and thus Mongolian <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="mn">жолоо</i> (žoloo)

q

(Common Turkic, equestrianism) halter, bridle


tirsgek

tirsgek (nominative singular)
tirsgekig (accusative singular)
tirsgekni (accusative singular)
tirsgekniŋ (genitive singular)
tirsgekke (dative singular)
tirsgekde (locative singular)
tirsgekden (ablative singular)
tirsgekgerü (allative singular)
tirsgekin (instrumental singular)
tirsgekče (equative singular)
tirsgekleyü (singular)
tirsgekligü (comitative singular)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: tîrsək

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: dirsək

Gagauz: dirsek

Ottoman Turkish: دیرسك

Turkish: dirsek

Salar: düssek

Turkmen: tirsek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: تِرْسْكاكْ (tirsgêk)

Uzbek: tirsak

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: терһәк (terhək)

Tatar: терсәк (tersäk)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: tirsek

Kumyk: тирсек (tirsek)

desc

Urum: тирсек

Urum: тирсек

South Kipchak:

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: тірсек (tırsek)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: тирсек (tirsek)

Southern Altai: тирсек (tirsek)

Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: дискек (diskek)


ük-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ӳк (ük)

Common Turkic:

Kipchak: *üy-

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: өйев (öyev)

Tatar: өйәргә (öyärgä)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: үю (üü)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: үйүү (üyüü), үйүшүү (üyüşüü)

Kyrgyz: үйүү (üyüü), үйүшүү (üyüşüü)

Southern Altai: ӱӱр (üür)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اُكْماكْ (ʾukmʾk /ükmek/)

Chagatai: اوکماک (ʾwkmʾk /ükmäk/)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (ük-)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ük-)

Khakas: [script needed] (üül-)

اشمكAzerbaijani: üyüşməkGagauz: üüşmääTurkish: üşmek⇒ Ottoman Turkish: اوششمكTurkish: üşüşmek

üşürmek

Ottoman Turkish: اوشورمك (üşürmek); Turkish

Old Anatolian Turkish: اویوكGagauz: üükOttoman Turkish: اویوك


īg

Oghur:

Chuvash: йӑх (jăh)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

desctree

Old Anatolian Turkish: ایك (ig)
Ottoman Turkish: ایك (iğ)
Turkish: (dialectal) iğ

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Cuman:

Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (yig)

Kipchak: íy (Codex Cumanicus)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اٖیكْ (īk /īg/)

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (ig)

Chagatai: [script needed] (ig)

Siberian Turkic:

Old Uyghur: [Term?] (/i:g/)


töŕ-

Oghur:

→ Hungarian: tűr

Proto-Common Turkic: *töz-, *tȫz-

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: دویمك (döymek), دوزمك (dözmek)
Ajam-Turkic: دوزماک (dözmək)
Azerbaijani: dözmək
Ottoman Turkish: دویمك (döymek)
Turkish: (dialectal) döymek, dözmek

Turkmen: dözmek

Kipchak: تُوزْماكْ (tūzmʾk /tȫzmek/)

→ Chuvash: тӳс (tüs)

Kipchak-Cuman:

desc

Kipchak: (Codex Cumanicus II) tøs, (Codex Cumanicus I) tox

Crimean Tatar: tözmek

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: тӱзер (tüzer)

Karluk:

desctree

Karakhanid: تُوزْماكْ (tūzmʾk /tȫzmek/)
Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (töz-)
Chagatai: [script needed] (töz-)


čïn

Oghur:

Chuvash: чӑн (čăn)

→ Eastern Mari: чын (čyn)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: چین (çın)
Azerbaijani: çin
Turkish: (dialectal) çın, çin

Turkmen: çyn

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Bulgar:

Bashkir: ысын (ısın)

Tatar: чын (çın)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Kipchak: (Codex Cumanicus) ćin (/čïn/)
Crimean Tatar: çin

Kipchak-Nogai:

Karakalpak: шын

Kazakh: шын (şyn)

Nogai: шын (şın)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: чын (cın)

Southern Altai: чын (čïn)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: جِنْ (čin /čïn/), 𐽽𐽶𐽺𐾂 (cyṅ /čïn/)
Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (čïn)
Chagatai: چین (čïn)
Uyghur: چىن (chin)
Uzbek: chin

Siberian Turkic:

Old Turkic: 𐰲𐰃𐰣 (čin¹)

Old Uyghur: 𐽽𐽶𐽺 (cyn /čïn, čin/)

North Siberian Turkic:

>? Yakut: дьиҥ (jiñ)

South Siberian Turkic:

Sayan:

Tuvan: шын (şın)

Yenisei:

Khakas: сын (sın)


yakšï

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: یخشی (yaḫşı), یقشی (yaqşı), یاخشی (yaḫşı), یاقشی (yaqşı)
Azerbaijani: yaxşı
→ Armenian: յախշի (yaxši)
Ottoman Turkish: یخشی (yahşı)
Turkish: yahşi

Salar: yaqşi

Turkmen: ýagşy

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Bulgar:

Bashkir: яҡшы (yaqşı)

Tatar: яхшы (yaxşı)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Kipchak: iaczi, jækśi, iacśi, iacsi — Codex Cumanicus II, yacsi — Codex Cumanicus I, եախշի (eaxši), եախշը (eaxšə) — Armeno-Kipchak (Codex Cumanicus)
Crimean Tatar: yahşı
Urum: йахшы
Kumyk: яхшы (yaxşı)
Karachay-Balkar: ашхы (aşxı)
Karaim: йакшы, йахшы

Crimean Tatar: yahşı

Karaim: йахшы (yaxšï), йакшы (yakšï)

Urum: йахшы (yaxši)

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: жақсы (jaqsy)

Karakalpak: жақсы

Nogai: яхшы (yaxşı)

Siberian Tatar: йаҡшы (yaqšï)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жакшы (jakşı)

Southern Altai: јакшы (ǰakšï)

Karluk:

Ili Turki: [script needed] (yaxšï)

Karakhanid: یَخْشٖی (yaχšī /yaχšï/)
Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (yaqšï)
Chagatai: [script needed] (yaxşi)
Uyghur: ياخشى (yaxshi)
Uzbek: yaxshi

Siberian Turkic:

Late Old Uyghur: 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽿𐽶 (yʾqšy /yaḥšï/)

desc

yaχšï, yaʰšï

Western Yugur: jaxʂi (yaχšï, yaʰšï)

Western Yugur: jaxʂ (yaʰš)

South Siberian Turkic:

Northern Altai: чакшы (čakšï), дьакшы (dʹakšï) (Kumandy-Kizhi)

Chulym: чақшы, йақшы

Chulym: чақшы, йақшы

Sayan:

Tuvan: яхсы (yaxsı) (Kyzyl)

Tuvan: тьакшы (tʹakşı) (Kuu-Kizhi)

Yenisei:

Khakas: чахсы (çaxsı)

Fuyu Kyrgyz: jahšĭ (ǯaxšï)

Shor: чақшы (çaqşı)

From *yakïš- (“to be fit, to be suitable”) + *-ï.


tïg-

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Gagauz: tıımaa

Turkish: (dialectal) tığmak

>? Turkmen: taýmak

⇒? Turkmen: dyglamak

Karluk:

desc

Karakhanid: تِغْماقْ (/tïğmaq/, “to blunt, to flee”)


nēče

Proto-Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: nəççə

Oghuz:

desctree

Old Anatolian Turkish: نچه (nẹçe), نَجَه (nẹce), نِیجَه, نِیچَه (nẹçe)
Azerbaijani: neçə, necə
Gagauz: nicä
Ottoman Turkish: نیچه (niçe), نچه (neçe), نیجه (nece, nice), نجه (nice)
Turkish: nice
→ Armenian: նէչէ (nēčʻē)
→ Crimean Tatar: nice

Turkmen: näçe

Salar: necce

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Bulgar:

Bashkir: нисә (nisə)

Tatar: ничә (niçä)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Kipchak: neće (Codex Cumanicus)

Karachay-Balkar: ненча (nença)

Kumyk: нече (neçe)

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: неше (neşe)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: нече (nece)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: ناجا (/nēčē/), 𐽺𐾂𐽰𐽽𐽰 (ṅʾčʾ)

Chagatai:

Uzbek: necha

Uyghur: نەچچە (nechche)

Siberian Turkic:

Old Uyghur: [Term?] (/neče/)

Western Yugur: nidʒi


nē erse

From *nē- (“what”) + *erse (“if, if it is”). Compare *kem erse (“no one”).


nē erse

Proto-Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: nə̂rsə, nəysə

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: نسه (nese)

Azerbaijani: nəsə

Gagauz: nesä

Ottoman Turkish: نیسه (neyse)

Turkish: neyse, nese

desc

⇒ Old Anatolian Turkish: نسنه (nesne, nesene), نسته (nẹste), نسه (nese), نسنهنه (nesnene) (< nese-ne)

Azerbaijani: nəsnə, (dialectal) nestə

Gagauz: nestä

Ottoman Turkish: نسنه (nesne, nesene), نسته (neste)

Turkish: nesne, (dialectal) neste

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Cuman:

Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (nese)

⇒ Crimean Tatar: nesne (<nese-ne)

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: нәрсе (närse)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: нерсе (nerse)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: 𐽺𐾂𐽰 𐽰𐽾𐽻𐽰 (ṅʾ ʾrsʾ /ne erse/)

Chagatai: [script needed] (närsä)

Uzbek: narsa

Uyghur: نەرسە (nerse)

Siberian Turkic:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (nerse)


nēŋ

Oghur:

>? Chuvash: ним (nim)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Salar: nañ

⇒ Turkmen: neneň

Karluk:

Karakhanid: نانْكْ (nʾnk /nēŋ/), 𐽺𐾂𐽰𐽺𐾂𐽷 (ṅʾṅk /nēŋ/)

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (neŋ)

Siberian Turkic:

Old Turkic: 𐰤𐰭 (n²ŋ)

Old Uyghur: [Term?] (/neŋ/)


nēčük

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: نچك (nẹçük)

Turkmen: niçik

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Bulgar:

Bashkir: нисек (nisek)

Tatar: ничек (niçek)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Kipchak: necíc (Codex Cumanicus)

Crimean Tatar: neçik

Kumyk: нечик (neçik)

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: нешік (neşık)

Siberian Tatar: ницек

Karluk:

Karakhanid: نَجُكْ (/nečük/)

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (néčük)

Chagatai:

Uzbek: nechik

Siberian Turkic:

Old Turkic: 𐰤𐰲𐰝 (n²čk̥)

Old Uyghur: [Term?] (/nečük/)


nēteg

Proto-Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: nətəy

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: نته (nẹte), نتك (nẹteg)

Ottoman Turkish: نته (nite)

Turkish: nite

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Cuman:

⇒ Crimean Tatar: nitekim

Karluk:

Karakhanid: نَتَكْ (/neteg/), 𐽺𐾂𐽰𐾀𐽰𐽷 (ṅʾtʾk)

Chagatai: [script needed] (nétek)

Siberian Turkic:

Old Turkic: 𐰤𐱅𐰏 (n²t²g)

Old Uyghur: [Term?] (/neteg/)


ūŕ

Oghur:

>? Chuvash: ыр (yr, “good, nice”)

→ Hungarian: úr

Proto-Common Turkic: *ūz

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: اوز (uz)

Gagauz: uz

Ottoman Turkish: اوز (uz)

Turkish: uz

Turkmen: uz

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Cuman:

Mamluk-Kipchak: اُوزْ

Kipchak: uz (Codex Cumanicus)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: уз (uz)

Southern Altai: ус (us)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اُوزْ (ūz)

Chagatai: [script needed] (uz)

Siberian Turkic:

Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽳𐽴 (ʾwz /uz/)

North Siberian Turkic:

Yakut: уус (uus)

اوزنAzerbaijani: ozanOttoman Turkish: اوزانTurkish: ozan→ Gagauz: ozan→ Middle Armenian: աւզան→ Persian: اوزن


uštmag

Proto-Common Turkic: *uštmag, *učmak, *učmag

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: اوچمق (uçmaq), اوچماق (uçmaq), اوچمغ (uçmaġ), اوچمخ (uçmaḫ), اوچماغ (uçmaġ)

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: اوچماق (uçmak), اوچمق (uçmak), ուչմագ (uçmak), ուչմաղ (uçmağ) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: uçmak

Turkmen: uçma

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Bulgar:

Bashkir: ожмах (ojmax)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Kipchak: ućmak (Codex Cumanicus)

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: ұжмақ (ūjmaq), жұмақ (jūmaq)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: ужмак (ujmak)

Southern Altai: учмак (učmak)

Karluk:

desc

Karakhanid: اُجْمَقْ (/učmaq/), 𐽰𐽳𐽿𐽸𐽹𐽰𐽵 (ʾwšdmʾx /uštmax/) (Kutadgu Bilig)

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (uçmax)

Chagatai: اوچماق (učmaq)

Uzbek: uchmox

Siberian Turkic:

Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽳𐽿𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ʾwštmʾq /uštmaḥ/)

Borrowed from Sogdian 𐼰𐼴𐽁𐽂𐼺𐼰𐼲 (ʾwštmʾɣ)/𐫀𐫇𐫢𐫎𐫖𐫀𐫄 (ʾwšṯmʾɣ).


yügür-

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: یوكورمك (yügürmek), یویورمك (yüyürmek)

Azerbaijani: yüyürmək

Ottoman Turkish: یوكورمك (yüğürmek)

Turkish: (dialectal) yüğürmek, yüğrümek, yüyürmek

Salar: yükkürgüsi

Turkmen: ýüwürmek

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Bulgar:

Bashkir: йүгереү (yügerew)

Tatar: йөгерергә (yögerergä)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Kipchak: yugur (/yügür/) (Codex Cumanicus)

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: жүгіру (jügıru)

Nogai: ювырув (yuvıruv)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жүгүрүү (jügürüü)

Southern Altai: јӱгӱрер (ǰügürer)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: یُكُرْماكْ (yugurmʼk /yügürmek/)

Chagatai: یوکورماک (yügürmäk)

Uyghur: يۈگۈرمەك (yügürmek)

Uzbek: yugurmoq

Siberian Turkic:

Old Uyghur: [Term?] (/yügür-/)

North Siberian Turkic:

Yakut: сүүр (süür)

South Siberian Turkic:

Northern Altai: чӱгӱрерге (čügürerge)

Chulym: чӱгӱрӓйғе

Chulym: чӱгӱрӓйғе

Sayan:

Tuvan: чүгүрер (çügürer)

Yenisei:

Khakas: чӱгӱрерге (çügürerge)

Shor: чӱгӱрерге

Shor: чӱгӱрерге


toŋ-

Oghur:

Chuvash: тӗн (tĕn)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: طوكمق (doŋmaq)

Azerbaijani: donmaq

Gagauz: donmaa

Ottoman Turkish: طوكمق (doñmak)

Turkish: donmak

Turkmen: doňmak

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Bulgar:

Bashkir: туңыу (tuñıw)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (ṭoŋ-)

Kipchak: toꝯ (Codex Cumanicus)

Crimean Tatar: toñmaq

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: тоңу (toñu)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: тоңуу (toŋuu)

Southern Altai: тоҥор (toŋor)

Karluk:

desctree

Karakhanid: تُنْكْماقْ (tunkmʾq /toŋmaq/)
Chagatai: تونکماق (toŋmaq)
Uyghur: توڭماق (tongmaq)
Uzbek: toʻngmoq

Siberian Turkic:

Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽹𐽰𐽲 (twnkmʾq /toŋ-/)

North Siberian Turkic:

Yakut: тоҥ (toñ)

South Siberian Turkic:

Sayan:

Tuvan: доңар (doñar)

Yenisei:

Khakas: тоорға (toorğa)

According to Wilkens, borrowed from Middle Chinese 凍 (tuwng, tuwngᴴ, “to freeze; ice, cold”).
Compared by Altaicists to Proto-Mongolic *daxara- (“to freeze”) and Proto-Tungusic *doŋota (“cold, frost”) (Evenki доӈото (doŋoto)); Räsänen compares Finnish tankea, from Proto-Finno-Permic *taŋketa. However, the Altaic hypothesis is widely discredited and these words likely aren't related by inheritance but an early interaction in ancient times.


toŋ

Oghur:

Chuvash: тӑм (tăm)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: طوك (doŋ)

Azerbaijani: don

Gagauz: don

Ottoman Turkish: طوك (doñ)

Turkish: don

Turkmen: doň

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Bulgar:

Bashkir: туң (tuñ)

Tatar: туң (tuñ)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (ṭoŋ)

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: тоң (toñ)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: тоң (toŋ)

Southern Altai: тоҥ (toŋ)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: تُنْكْ (tunk /toŋ/)

Chagatai: تونک (toŋ)

Uyghur: توڭ (tong)

Siberian Turkic:

North Siberian Turkic:

Yakut: тоҥ (toñ)

South Siberian Turkic:

Northern Altai: тонъ (tonʺ)

Sayan:

Tuvan: доң (doñ)


sekiŕ ōn

Oghur:

desctree

Volga Bulgar: سكر وان (sekir wân)
Chuvash: сакӑрвуннӑ (sak̬ărvunnă)

Arghu:

Khalaj: səksən

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: səksən

Ottoman Turkish: سكسان (seksan)
Turkish: seksen
→ Armenian: սէքսէն (sēkʻsēn)

East Oghuz:

Turkmen:

Salar: seksen

Karluk:

Karakhanid:

Chagatai: سکسان (seksen)

Uyghur: سەكسەن (seksen)

Uzbek: sakson

Kipchak:

Western Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: seksen

Karachay-Balkar: сексен (seksen)

Kumyk: сексен (seksen)

Kipchak-Nogai:

Karakalpak:

Kazakh: сексен (seksen)

Nogai: сексен (seksen)

Northern Kipchak:

Bashkir: һикһән (hikhən)

Tatar: сиксән (siksän)

Eastern Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: сексен (seksen)

Southern Altai: сегизен (segizen)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Dolgan: агыһ уон (agıh uon)

Yakut: аҕыс уон (ağıs uon)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: сезен (sezen)

Yeniseian:

Khakas: сигізон (sigìzon)

Compound of *sekiŕ (“eight”) + *ōn (“ten”), literally “eight tens”.


tokuŕ ōn

Oghur:

desctree

Volga Bulgar: طوخر وان (toxur wân), طخور وان, طخر وان
Chuvash: тӑхӑрвуннӑ (tăh̬ărvunnă)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: toqsan

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: طقسان

Azerbaijani: doxsan

Ottoman Turkish: طقسان

Gagauz: doksan

Turkish: doksan

East Oghuz:

Salar: doqsan

Turkmen: togsan

Karluk:

Karakhanid:

Chagatai: توقسان (toqsan)

Uyghur: توقسان (toqsan)

Uzbek: toʻqson

Kipchak:

Western Kipchak

Crimean Tatar: doqsan

Karachay-Balkar: токъсан (toqsan)

Kumyk: токъсан (toqsan)

Kipchak-Nogai:

Karakalpak: тоқсан (toqsan)

Kazakh: тоқсан (toqsan)

Kazakh: токсан (toksan)

Nogai:

Northern Kipchak:

Bashkir: туҡһан (tuqhan)

Tatar: туксан (tuqsan)

Eastern Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: токсон (tokson)

Southern Altai: тогузон (toguzon)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Dolgan: тогуһ уон (toguh uon)

Yakut: тоҕус уон (toğus uon)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: тозан (tozan)

Yeniseian:

Khakas: тоғызон (toğızon)

Compound of *tokuŕ (“nine”) + *ōn (“ten”), literally “nine tens”.


isin-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ӑшӑн (ăš̬ăn)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: اصنمق (ısınmaq), اسنمك (isinmek)

Azerbaijani: isinmək

Gagauz: yısınmaa

Ottoman Turkish: اصنمق (ısınmaq), اسنمق (ısınmaq)

Turkish: ısınmak

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Bulgar:

Bashkir: эҫенеү (eśenew)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (isin-)

Crimean Tatar: isinmek

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: ысыну (ysynu)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: [script needed] (ısın-)

Southern Altai: изинер (iziner)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اِسِنْماقْ (ʾisinmʾq /ïsïnmaq/)

Chagatai: ایسینماق (isinmaq)

Uyghur: ئىسسىنماق (issinmaq)

Uzbek: isinmoq

Siberian Turkic:

Old Uyghur: [Term?] (/isin-/)


yōd-

Oghuz:

desctree

Old Anatolian Turkish: یویمق (yoymaq)
Ottoman Turkish: یویمق (yoymak)
Turkish: (dialectal) yoymak

Turkmen: ýoýmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: یُوذْماقْ (yūḏmʾq /yōḏmaq/)
Chagatai: یویماق (yoymaq)

Kipchak: [script needed] (yoy-)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: [script needed] (yuy-)

Tatar: [script needed] (ǯuj-)

West Kipchak:

Karaim: [script needed] (ǯoj-)

Kumyk: [script needed] (yoy-)

South Kipchak:

Kipchak-Nogai:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (joy-)

Kazakh: жою (joü)

Nogai: [script needed] (yoy-)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Kirghiz:

Shor: [script needed] (ços-)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yoy-)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: һот (“to wipe out”)

Yakut: сот (sot, “to wipe out”)

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: [script needed] (çod-/çot-)

⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *yōdsa-

desc

Karakhanid: يُذْساماقْ (yuḏsʾmʾq /yoḏsamaq/)

⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *yōdug

Kenchek: يُذُغْ (yuḏuğ /yoḏuğ/)

⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *yōdut

Karakhanid: يُذُتْ (yuḏut /yoḏut/)

⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *yōz (if not from <*yō-ŕ)

Turkmen: ýoz

Old Anatolian Turkish: یوز (yoz)

Ottoman Turkish: یوز (yoz)

Turkish: yoz

⇒ Karakhanid: یُزاماقْ (yuzʾmʾq /yozamaq/)


ȫg-

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

desctree

Old Anatolian Turkish: اوكمك (ögmek)
Azerbaijani: öymək
⇒ Gagauz: üünmää
Ottoman Turkish: اوكمك (öğmek)
Turkish: övmek

Turkmen: öwmek

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Cuman:

Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (ög-)

Kipchak: ov (Codex Cumanicus)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اُوكْماكْ (ʾūkmʾk /ȫgmek/)

Khorezmian Turkic: اوکماک

Chagatai: اوکماک (ögmek)

Siberian Turkic:

Old Turkic: 𐰇𐰏 (üg /ög/)

North Siberian Turkic:

Yakut: үөр (üör)

Sayan:

desc

Tuvan: өөрүүр (öörüür)

Tuvan: өөрүүр (öörüür)

Nişanyan speculates that this term may have been derived from *ȫ- (“to think”).


yōg

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Turkish: (dialectal) yuğ

Karluk:

Karakhanid: یُوغْ (yūğ /yōğ/)

Kipchak:

Kazakh: жоқтау (joqtau)

Siberian:

desctree

Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰆𐰍 (y¹uǧ /yoğ/)
→ Turkish: yuğ, yoğ, yığ (learned)

Likely from an earlier *dōg, from Scythian. Cognate with Ancient Greek δόγια (dógia).


yaru-

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: یاریمق (yarımaq), یَرِمق (yarımaq)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: یَرُوماقْ (yarūmʾq /yarumaq/)

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (yaru-)

desctree

Chagatai: یاروماق (yarumaq)
Uzbek: yorimoq

Kipchak:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жаруу (jaruu)

Southern Altai: јарыыр (ǰarïïr)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: 𐽶𐽰𐽾𐽳𐽹𐽰𐽲 (yʾrwmʾq /yaru-/)

Clauson connects with *yā- and Proto-Common Turkic *yašu-, whence Turkish ışımak.

(intransitive) to shine, to become bright


kǖl-

kǖlmek (infinitive)
kǖlgen (participle present)
kǖlügme (participle present)
kǖlür (participle present)
kǖltük (participle past)
kǖlmiš (participle past)
kǖlteči (future participle)
kǖlmekči (future participle)
kǖlsik (future participle)
kǖleček (future participle)
kǖlme (noun-from-verb)
kǖlüg (noun-from-verb)
kǖlgü (noun-from-verb)
kǖlüš (adverbial)
kǖlür ben (aorist indicative singular)
kǖlür sen (aorist indicative singular)
kǖlür (aorist indicative singular)
kǖlür biz (aorist indicative plural)
kǖlür siz (aorist indicative plural)
kǖlür (aorist indicative plural)
kǖltüm (indicative past singular)
kǖltüŋ (indicative past singular)
kǖlti (indicative past singular)
kǖltük (indicative past plural)
kǖltümüz (indicative past plural)
kǖltüŋüz (indicative past plural)
kǖlti (indicative past plural)
kǖlmiš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
kǖlmiš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
kǖlmiš (indicative inferential past singular)
kǖlmiš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
kǖlmiš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
kǖlmiš (indicative inferential past plural)
kǖlteči ben (future indicative singular)
kǖlmekči ben (future indicative singular)
kǖleček ben (future indicative singular)
kǖlteči sen (future indicative singular)
kǖlmekči sen (future indicative singular)
kǖleček sen (future indicative singular)
kǖlteči (future indicative singular)
kǖlmekči (future indicative singular)
kǖleček (future indicative singular)
kǖlteči biz (future indicative plural)
kǖlmekči biz (future indicative plural)
kǖleček biz (future indicative plural)
kǖlteči siz (future indicative plural)
kǖlmekči siz (future indicative plural)
kǖleček siz (future indicative plural)
kǖlteči (future indicative plural)
kǖlmekči (future indicative plural)
kǖleček (future indicative plural)
kǖlgey ben (future indicative singular)
kǖlgey sen (future indicative singular)
kǖlgey (future indicative singular)
kǖlgey biz (future indicative plural)
kǖlgey siz (future indicative plural)
kǖlgey (future indicative plural)
kǖlsüküm (future indicative singular)
kǖlsüküŋ (future indicative singular)
kǖlsük (future indicative singular)
kǖlsükümüz (future indicative plural)
kǖlsüküŋüz (future indicative plural)
kǖlsük (future indicative plural)
kǖlsem (conditional singular)
kǖlser ben (conditional singular)
kǖlseŋ (conditional singular)
kǖlser sen (conditional singular)
kǖlse (conditional singular)
kǖlser (conditional singular)
kǖlsek (conditional plural)
kǖlsemiz (conditional plural)
kǖlser biz (conditional plural)
kǖlseŋiz (conditional plural)
kǖlser siz (conditional plural)
kǖlseler (conditional plural)
kǖlser (conditional plural)
kǖlgey ben (optative singular)
kǖlgey sen (optative singular)
kǖlgey (optative singular)
kǖlgey biz (optative plural)
kǖlgey siz (optative plural)
kǖlgey (optative plural)
kǖlmekde ben (progressive singular)
kǖlmekde sen (progressive singular)
kǖlmekde (progressive singular)
kǖlmekde biz (plural progressive)
kǖlmekde siz (plural progressive)
kǖlmekde (plural progressive)
kǖlmelig ben (necessitative singular)
kǖlmelig sen (necessitative singular)
kǖlmelig (necessitative singular)
kǖlmelig biz (necessitative plural)
kǖlmelig siz (necessitative plural)
kǖlmelig (necessitative plural)
kǖleyin (imperative singular)
kǖl (imperative singular)
kǖlgil (imperative singular)
kǖlzün (imperative singular)
kǖlelim (imperative plural)
kǖlüŋ (imperative plural)
kǖlzün (imperative plural)
kǖlmemek (infinitive negative)
kǖlmegen (negative participle present)
kǖlmegme (negative participle present)
kǖlmez (negative participle present)
kǖlmedük (negative participle past)
kǖlmemiš (negative participle past)
kǖlmeči (future negative participle)
kǖlmesik (future negative participle)
kǖlmeyeček (future negative participle)
kǖlmeme (negative noun-from-verb)
kǖlmeg (negative noun-from-verb)
kǖlmegü (negative noun-from-verb)
kǖlmeyüš (adverbial negative)
kǖlmez ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
kǖlmez sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
kǖlmez (aorist indicative negative singular)
kǖlmez biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
kǖlmez siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
kǖlmez (aorist indicative negative plural)
kǖlmedüm (indicative negative past singular)
kǖlmedüŋ (indicative negative past singular)
kǖlmedi (indicative negative past singular)
kǖlmedük (indicative negative past plural)
kǖlmedümüz (indicative negative past plural)
kǖlmedüŋüz (indicative negative past plural)
kǖlmedi (indicative negative past plural)
kǖlmemiš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
kǖlmemiš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
kǖlmemiš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
kǖlmemiš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
kǖlmemiš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
kǖlmemiš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
kǖlmeči ben (future indicative negative singular)
kǖlmeyeček ben (future indicative negative singular)
kǖlmeči sen (future indicative negative singular)
kǖlmeyeček sen (future indicative negative singular)
kǖlmeči (future indicative negative singular)
kǖlmeyeček (future indicative negative singular)
kǖlmeči biz (future indicative negative plural)
kǖlmeyeček biz (future indicative negative plural)
kǖlmeči siz (future indicative negative plural)
kǖlmeyeček siz (future indicative negative plural)
kǖlmeči (future indicative negative plural)
kǖlmeyeček (future indicative negative plural)
kǖlmegey ben (future indicative negative singular)
kǖlmegey sen (future indicative negative singular)
kǖlmegey (future indicative negative singular)
kǖlmegey biz (future indicative negative plural)
kǖlmegey siz (future indicative negative plural)
kǖlmegey (future indicative negative plural)
kǖlmesüküm (future indicative negative singular)
kǖlmesüküŋ (future indicative negative singular)
kǖlmesük (future indicative negative singular)
kǖlmesükümüz (future indicative negative plural)
kǖlmesüküŋüz (future indicative negative plural)
kǖlmesük (future indicative negative plural)
kǖlmesem (conditional negative singular)
kǖlmeser ben (conditional negative singular)
kǖlmeseŋ (conditional negative singular)
kǖlmeser sen (conditional negative singular)
kǖlmese (conditional negative singular)
kǖlmeser (conditional negative singular)
kǖlmesek (conditional negative plural)
kǖlmesemiz (conditional negative plural)
kǖlmeser biz (conditional negative plural)
kǖlmeseŋiz (conditional negative plural)
kǖlmeser siz (conditional negative plural)
kǖlmeseler (conditional negative plural)
kǖlmeser (conditional negative plural)
kǖlmegey ben (negative optative singular)
kǖlmegey sen (negative optative singular)
kǖlmegey (negative optative singular)
kǖlmegey biz (negative optative plural)
kǖlmegey siz (negative optative plural)
kǖlmegey (negative optative plural)
kǖlmemekde ben (negative progressive singular)
kǖlmemekde sen (negative progressive singular)
kǖlmemekde (negative progressive singular)
kǖlmemekde biz (negative plural progressive)
kǖlmemekde siz (negative plural progressive)
kǖlmemekde (negative plural progressive)
kǖlmemelig ben (necessitative negative singular)
kǖlmemelig sen (necessitative negative singular)
kǖlmemelig (necessitative negative singular)
kǖlmemelig biz (necessitative negative plural)
kǖlmemelig siz (necessitative negative plural)
kǖlmemelig (necessitative negative plural)
kǖlmeyeyin (imperative negative singular)
kǖlme (imperative negative singular)
kǖlmegil (imperative negative singular)
kǖlmezün (imperative negative singular)
kǖlmeyelim (imperative negative plural)
kǖlmeyiŋ (imperative negative plural)
kǖlmezün (imperative negative plural)

Proto-Common Turkic: *kǖl-

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish: كولمك

desc

Turkish: (dialectal) külmek, (dialectal) külümek, (dialectal) gülümek

Salar: gülingüsi

Turkmen: güýlmek, güýlünmek

Karluk:

كُلْتُرْماكْ

Karakhanid: كُلُنْماكْ (külünmēk), كُلْتُرْماكْ (kültürmēk)

Siberian:

Western Yugur: [script needed] (k'ul-)

Sayan

Tofa: [script needed] (kül-)

Tuvan: [script needed] (xülü-)