kïs-

kïsmak (infinitive)
kïsgan (participle present)
kïsïgma (participle present)
kïsar (participle present)
kïsduk (participle past)
kïsmïš (participle past)
kïsdačï (future participle)
kïsmakčï (future participle)
kïssïk (future participle)
kïsačak (future participle)
kïsma (noun-from-verb)
kïsïg (noun-from-verb)
kïsgu (noun-from-verb)
kïsïš (adverbial)
kïsar ben (aorist indicative singular)
kïsar sen (aorist indicative singular)
kïsar (aorist indicative singular)
kïsar biz (aorist indicative plural)
kïsar siz (aorist indicative plural)
kïsar (aorist indicative plural)
kïsdïm (indicative past singular)
kïsdïŋ (indicative past singular)
kïsdï (indicative past singular)
kïsdïk (indicative past plural)
kïsdïmïz (indicative past plural)
kïsdïŋïz (indicative past plural)
kïsdï (indicative past plural)
kïsmïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
kïsmïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
kïsmïš (indicative inferential past singular)
kïsmïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
kïsmïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
kïsmïš (indicative inferential past plural)
kïsdačï ben (future indicative singular)
kïsmakčï ben (future indicative singular)
kïsačak ben (future indicative singular)
kïsdačï sen (future indicative singular)
kïsmakčï sen (future indicative singular)
kïsačak sen (future indicative singular)
kïsdačï (future indicative singular)
kïsmakčï (future indicative singular)
kïsačak (future indicative singular)
kïsdačï biz (future indicative plural)
kïsmakčï biz (future indicative plural)
kïsačak biz (future indicative plural)
kïsdačï siz (future indicative plural)
kïsmakčï siz (future indicative plural)
kïsačak siz (future indicative plural)
kïsdačï (future indicative plural)
kïsmakčï (future indicative plural)
kïsačak (future indicative plural)
kïsgay ben (future indicative singular)
kïsgay sen (future indicative singular)
kïsgay (future indicative singular)
kïsgay biz (future indicative plural)
kïsgay siz (future indicative plural)
kïsgay (future indicative plural)
kïssïkïm (future indicative singular)
kïssïkïŋ (future indicative singular)
kïssïk (future indicative singular)
kïssïkïmïz (future indicative plural)
kïssïkïŋïz (future indicative plural)
kïssïk (future indicative plural)
kïssam (conditional singular)
kïssar ben (conditional singular)
kïssaŋ (conditional singular)
kïssar sen (conditional singular)
kïssa (conditional singular)
kïssar (conditional singular)
kïssak (conditional plural)
kïssamïz (conditional plural)
kïssar biz (conditional plural)
kïssaŋïz (conditional plural)
kïssar siz (conditional plural)
kïssalar (conditional plural)
kïssar (conditional plural)
kïsgay ben (optative singular)
kïsgay sen (optative singular)
kïsgay (optative singular)
kïsgay biz (optative plural)
kïsgay siz (optative plural)
kïsgay (optative plural)
kïsmakda ben (progressive singular)
kïsmakda sen (progressive singular)
kïsmakda (progressive singular)
kïsmakda biz (plural progressive)
kïsmakda siz (plural progressive)
kïsmakda (plural progressive)
kïsmalïg ben (necessitative singular)
kïsmalïg sen (necessitative singular)
kïsmalïg (necessitative singular)
kïsmalïg biz (necessitative plural)
kïsmalïg siz (necessitative plural)
kïsmalïg (necessitative plural)
kïsayïn (imperative singular)
kïs (imperative singular)
kïsgïl (imperative singular)
kïszun (imperative singular)
kïsalïm (imperative plural)
kïsïŋ (imperative plural)
kïszun (imperative plural)
kïsmamak (infinitive negative)
kïsmagan (negative participle present)
kïsmagma (negative participle present)
kïsmaz (negative participle present)
kïsmaduk (negative participle past)
kïsmamïš (negative participle past)
kïsmačï (future negative participle)
kïsmasïk (future negative participle)
kïsmayačak (future negative participle)
kïsmama (negative noun-from-verb)
kïsmag (negative noun-from-verb)
kïsmagu (negative noun-from-verb)
kïsmayïš (adverbial negative)
kïsmaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
kïsmaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
kïsmaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
kïsmaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
kïsmaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
kïsmaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
kïsmadïm (indicative negative past singular)
kïsmadïŋ (indicative negative past singular)
kïsmadï (indicative negative past singular)
kïsmadïk (indicative negative past plural)
kïsmadïmïz (indicative negative past plural)
kïsmadïŋïz (indicative negative past plural)
kïsmadï (indicative negative past plural)
kïsmamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
kïsmamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
kïsmamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
kïsmamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
kïsmamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
kïsmamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
kïsmačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
kïsmayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
kïsmačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
kïsmayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
kïsmačï (future indicative negative singular)
kïsmayačak (future indicative negative singular)
kïsmačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
kïsmayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
kïsmačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
kïsmayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
kïsmačï (future indicative negative plural)
kïsmayačak (future indicative negative plural)
kïsmagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
kïsmagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
kïsmagay (future indicative negative singular)
kïsmagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
kïsmagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
kïsmagay (future indicative negative plural)
kïsmasïkïm (future indicative negative singular)
kïsmasïkïŋ (future indicative negative singular)
kïsmasïk (future indicative negative singular)
kïsmasïkïmïz (future indicative negative plural)
kïsmasïkïŋïz (future indicative negative plural)
kïsmasïk (future indicative negative plural)
kïsmasam (conditional negative singular)
kïsmasar ben (conditional negative singular)
kïsmasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
kïsmasar sen (conditional negative singular)
kïsmasa (conditional negative singular)
kïsmasar (conditional negative singular)
kïsmasak (conditional negative plural)
kïsmasamïz (conditional negative plural)
kïsmasar biz (conditional negative plural)
kïsmasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
kïsmasar siz (conditional negative plural)
kïsmasalar (conditional negative plural)
kïsmasar (conditional negative plural)
kïsmagay ben (negative optative singular)
kïsmagay sen (negative optative singular)
kïsmagay (negative optative singular)
kïsmagay biz (negative optative plural)
kïsmagay siz (negative optative plural)
kïsmagay (negative optative plural)
kïsmamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
kïsmamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
kïsmamakda (negative progressive singular)
kïsmamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
kïsmamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
kïsmamakda (negative plural progressive)
kïsmamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
kïsmamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
kïsmamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
kïsmamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
kïsmamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
kïsmamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
kïsmayayïn (imperative negative singular)
kïsma (imperative negative singular)
kïsmagïl (imperative negative singular)
kïsmazun (imperative negative singular)
kïsmayalïm (imperative negative plural)
kïsmayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
kïsmazun (imperative negative plural)

Oghur:

Chuvash: хӗс (hĕs)

→ Proto-Mongolic: *kïsu- (“to constrain, make narrow, scrape”)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qısmaq

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: قیصمق (kısmak), قصمق (kısmak), قسمق (kısmak)
Gagauz: kısmaa
Turkish: kısmak

Salar: qıs

Turkmen: gysmak

Karluk:

al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume II, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 11

Karakhanid: [script needed] (qïsmāq)

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: қысу (qysu)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кысуу (kısuu)

Southern Altai: кызар (kïzar)

Its relation to *kas- (“to squeeze, constrain”) is uncertain however Nişanyan considers them cognates.


bagïr

bagïr (nominative singular)
bagïrïg (accusative singular)
bagïrnï (accusative singular)
bagïrnïŋ (genitive singular)
bagïrka (dative singular)
bagïrda (locative singular)
bagïrdan (ablative singular)
bagïrgaru (allative singular)
bagïrïn (instrumental singular)
bagïrča (equative singular)
bagïrlayu (singular)
bagïrlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: пӗвер (pĕver)

Common Turkic:

Proto-Oghuz: *bagïr

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: bağır

Ottoman Turkish: باغر (bağır)

Turkish: bağır (“breast, bosom”)

Salar: bağır

Turkmen: bagyr

Karluk:

Uyghur: بېغىر (bëghir)

Uzbek: bagʻir

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: бауыр (bawır), бәғер (bəğer)

Tatar: бавыр (bawır)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: bağır

desc

Karachay-Balkar: баур (baur), бауур (bauur)

Kumyk: бавур (bawur)

South Kipchak:

Nogai: бавыр (bavır)

Kazakh: бауыр (bauyr)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: боор (boor)

Southern Altai: буур (buur)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (baɣïr)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: быар (bıar)

Yakut: быар (bıar)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: баар (baar)

Yenisei:

Khakas: паар (paar)

Northern Altai: багыр (bagïr)


tuńak

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Proto-Oghuz: *toynak

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (dıynak, duynak, tıynak, tuynak)

Turkish: toynak

Turkmen: toýnak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (tuyağ)

Chagatai:

Uzbek: tuyoq

Uyghur: تۇياق (tuyaq), تووق (tooq)

Kipchak:

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: тояҡ (toyaq)

Tatar: тояк (toyak)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar:

Karachay-Balkar:

Karaim:

Kumyk:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak:

Kazakh: тұяқ (tūäq)

Nogai:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: туяк (tuyak)

Southern Altai: туйгак (tuygak)

Siberian:

desctree

Late Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲 (twywq /tuyuġ/)
Western Yugur: dujəɣ (tuyïɣ)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: туньак (tuńak)

Yakut: туйах (tuyaq)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tofa:

Tuvan: дуюг (duyug)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: туйғах (tuyğax)

desc

Shor: туйғақ

Shor: туйғақ


abïčga

abïčga (nominative singular)
abïčgalar (nominative plural)
abïčganïŋ (genitive singular)
abïčgalarnïŋ (genitive plural)
abïčgaka (dative singular)
abïčgalarka (dative plural)
abïčgada (locative singular)
abïčgalarda (locative plural)
abïčgadan (ablative singular)
abïčgalardan (ablative plural)
abïčgalarïn (instrumental plural)
abïčgača (equative singular)
abïčgalarča (equative plural)

Oghur

Chuvash: упӑшка (up̬ăška)

Common Turkic

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz

Proto-Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish: عموجه, عمجه (ʼamca), عمیجه (ʼamıca)
Turkish: amca
→ Armenian: ամուճա (amuča)
→ Bulgarian: аму́джа (amúdža)
→ Serbo-Croatian: а̀миџа / àmidža
⇒ Turkish: Abuşka, abuş

Kipchak-Karluk (classification disputed)

Altai

Southern Altai: абышка (abïška)

Kipchak–Bulgar

Volga Turki

Bashkir: абышҡа (abışqa)

Kipchak–Nogai

Kyrgyz: абышка (abışka)

Old Turkic

Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰 (ʾʾβycqʾ /avïčġa/, “old man”)
⇒ Old Uyghur: 阿卜失哈 (ʔa.puwk.syit.ngop /abušġa, abïšŋa/, “old woman, mother”)

South Siberian Turkic (classification disputed)

Sayan

Tuvan: ашак (aşak)

Uncertain. However over the years multiple theories have risen:
* Clauson suggests a derivation *abïč (“an obscure root”) + *-ga.
* Nishanyan suggets a derivation *apa (“elderly male relative”) + *-ča (“diminutive suffix”), however note that the suffix was borrowed from Persians at a later date.

suf

an elderly relative; husband, old man, foster-mother, elder sister, uncle etc.


tïgrak

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (tïğraq)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tïğraq)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: تِغْراقْ (tïğrāq)

→ Proto-Mongolic: *čixirag


tïgra-

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (tïğrāmāk)


yōn-

Oghur:

Chuvash: [script needed] (śon-)

Common Turkic: *yōn-

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yonmaq

Ottoman Turkish: یونمق (yonmak)

Turkish: yonmak

Gagauz: yonmaa

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: ýōnmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yon-)

Uzbek: yoʻnmoq

Uyghur: [script needed] (yonu-)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: [script needed] (jun-)

Tatar: [script needed] (jun-)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: жонуу (jonuu, “to whittle”)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

desc

Southern Altai: јонор (ǰonor, “to plain, shave, slice”)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (yon-, “to shave, scrape”)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: һуор (huor)

Yakut: суор (suor)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: чонар (çonar)

yontmak

Ottoman Turkish: یونتمق (yontmak); Turkish


sǖčig

Derived from *sǖči- (“to become sweet, sweeten”) + *-g.
May be further derived from *sǖt (“milk”), according to Erdal, for which compare the similar development in Persian شیرین (širin).


sǖčig

sǖčig (nominative singular)
sǖčigler (nominative plural)
sǖčigniŋ (genitive singular)
sǖčiglerniŋ (genitive plural)
sǖčigke (dative singular)
sǖčiglerke (dative plural)
sǖčigde (locative singular)
sǖčiglerde (locative plural)
sǖčigden (ablative singular)
sǖčiglerden (ablative plural)
sǖčiglerin (instrumental plural)
sǖčigče (equative singular)
sǖčiglerče (equative plural)

Oghur:

Volga Bulgar: سجو (süçüw, “honey sherbet”)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Ottoman Turkish: سوجی (süci, “wine”)

Turkish: sücü (“wine”)

East Oghuz:

desc

Turkmen: süýji (“sweet”), süýjimek (“to become sweet,sweeten”)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: سُوجِكْ (sǖčik), [script needed] (süçi-, “to sweeten”)

Uzbek: chuchuk (“sweet; unsalted”)

چۈچۈك، سۈچۈك

çüçük, süçük

Uyghur: چۈچۈك، سۈچۈك (chüchük, süchük)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: сөсө (sösö, “fresh, sweet; unsalted”)

Tatar: төче (töçe, “fresh; unsalted”)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: чүчү (cücü)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰾𐰇𐰲𐰃𐰏 (s²üčig /süčig/)

Old Uyghur: 𐽻𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽳𐽷 (swycwk /süčüg/, “wine”)

North Siberian:

>? Dolgan: үчүгэй (üçügey)

>? Yakut: үчүгэй (ücügey)


tïŋla-

Oghur:

Chuvash: тӑнла (tănla)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Proto-Oghuz: *diŋle-

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (diŋle-)

Azerbaijani: dinləmək

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: دیڭلهمك (diŋlemek), دڭلمك (diñlemek), دیڭلمك (diñlemek), دڭلهمك (diñlemek), ديڭلهمك (diñlemek)
Turkish: dinlemek

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: diňlemek

Salar: diñne

Karluk:

desc

تِنْكْلاماقْ

Karakhanid: تِنْكْلاماقْ (tınglamaq)

Uzbek: tinglamoq

Uyghur: تىڭلىماق (tinglimaq)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: тыңлау (tıñlaw), тыңдау (tıñdaw)

Tatar: тыңларга (tıñlarga)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: тыңдау (tyñdau)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: тыңдоо (tıŋdoo)

Southern Altai: тыҥдаар (tïŋdaar)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐱃𐰃𐰭𐰞𐰀 (tïŋla-)

Old Uyghur: tynklʾmʾq (tïŋlamaq)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: дыңнаалаар (dıñnaalaar)

From *tiŋ (“reason, mind”) + *-la (“denominal suffix”). *tiŋ might be a loanword from Middle Chinese 聽 (theng, “to listen”) yet its back vowel & variant initial *d- make such a derivation difficult (Clauson, 1972:522).


yabïŕ

Common Turkic: yabïz

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: یَاوُزْ (yavuz)

Azerbaijani: yavuz

Gagauz: yauz, yavuz

Ottoman Turkish: یاوز (yavuz)

Turkish: yavuz (“stern, tough”)

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: ýowuz

Karluk:

Karakhanid: یَڤُزْ (yafuz, yawuz)

Chagatai: یاووز (yawuz, “bad, vile”)

Uyghur: ياۋۇز (yawuz)

Uzbek: yovuz

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: яуыз (yawız)

West Kipchak:

desc

Crimean Tatar: yavuz (“vicious, savage.”)

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: јабыс (ǰabïs, “bad”)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: жауыз (jauyz, “vicious”)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰉𐰔 (yabïz)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yavïz)

Unknown origin. Most of linguistics have been divided to different opinions.
According to Bang-Kaup, the word derived from the unknown hypothetical verb root *yab- and *yam-. And he thinks the word is related to *yablak. The reconstruction of *yam- probably comes from the unknown relationship to *yaman (“bad”) (cf. Turkish yaman). At this point, Proto-Turkic *yaman should be a later form of *yabman, since if it is related to *yabïz and *yablak.
Vámbéry derives the word from the noun roots *yam, yaw and yab; which all they mean foreign, void, vain, bad; and reconstructs as *yabïs. But he doesn't know which suffix has the word equipped.
Räsänen, proposes a derivation from the noun *yabï, *yabu. Which means bad, grabber and greedy. But he doesn't describe which suffix has the word equipped, like Vámbéry.
Clauson derives it as *yab- like Bang-Kaup, but he thinks the word has an additional + *-ïŕ suffix. It seems the suffix *-ïŕ creates a new noun from verbs, as in *söŕ and *tïgïŕ.
Dankoff and Kelly derives it from *yaw which means bad, weak.
Also the evolution is *yab(ï)- > yabïz > yavız according to Nishanyan.


yab-

Karluk:

Chagatai: [script needed] (yav, “enemy”)

unattested verb, the meaning is probably about negative things.


ẹĺit-

Oghur:

Chuvash: илт (ilt)

desctree

Proto-Common Turkic: *ẹšit-
** Arghu:
*** Khalaj: eşitmək
** Proto-Oghuz: *ešid-, *ešit-
*** West Oghuz:
**** Old Anatolian Turkish: اشتمك (ẹşitmek), اشیدمك (ẹşidmek), اشدمك (ẹşidmek)
Azerbaijani: eşitmək
Gagauz: işitmää
Ottoman Turkish: ایشتمك, اشتمك (işitmek)
Turkish: işitmek
*** East Oghuz:
**** Turkmen: eşitmek
** Karluk:
*** Uyghur: ئىشىتمەك (ishitmek)
*** Uzbek: eshitmoq
** Kipchak:
*** North Kipchak:
**** Bashkir: ишетеү (işetew)
**** Tatar: ишетү (işetü)
*** West Kipchak:
**** Crimean Tatar: eşitmek
*** South Kipchak:
**** Kazakh: есту (estu)
*** East Kipchak:
**** Kyrgyz: эшитүү (eşitüü)
** Siberian:
*** Old Turkic: 𐰾𐰃𐰓 (éšid-)
*** North Siberian:
**** Dolgan: иһит (ihit)
**** Yakut: иһит (ihit)
*** South Siberian:
**** Yeniseian Turkic:
***** Khakas: истерге (isterge)


öltür-

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: اولدرمك (öldürmäk)

Azerbaijani: öldürmək

Gagauz: öldürmää

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: اولدرمك (öldürmek)
Turkish: öldürmek

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: öldürmek

Kipchak:

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: өлтүрүү (öltürüü)

Southern Altai: ӧлтӱр- (öltür-)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: өлтіру (öltıru)

From *öl- (“to kill”) + *-tür (“causative and transitive suffix”).


ïsïr-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫырт (śyrt)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish: ایصرمق (ısırmak)

Turkish: ısırmak

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (ïsïr-)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: ытыр (ıtır)

Yakut: ытыр (ıtır)


yabgan

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: یاوان (yavan)
Gagauz: yavan
Turkish: yavan
→ Armenian: յավան (yavan)

Azerbaijani: yavan

Karluk:

desc

Chagatai: [script needed] (yavan, “tasteless”)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (yavgan)


tögerek

Xiongnu:

→? Old Chinese: 丁零 (*têŋ-rêŋ)

Oghuz:

Turkmen: töwerek

Karluk:

Karakhanid:

Chagatai:

Uyghur: تۈگۈرەك (tügürek)

Uzbek: toʻgarak

Kipchak: [script needed] (tögerik)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: түңәрәк (tüñərək)

Tatar: түгәрәк (tügäräk)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: дёгерек (dögerek)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: төңірек (töñırek)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: төгөрөк (tögörök)

Southern Altai: тӧгӧрӱк (tögörük)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: түөрэм (tüörem)

→ Proto-Mongolic: *tögerig

Mongolian: дүгэриг (dügerig)

Kalmyk: төгрг (tögrg)

→ Yakut: төгүрүк (tögürük)

→ Evenki: [script needed] (tuɣuruk)

→ Dolgan: төгүрүк

→ Dolgan: төгүрүк


tod-

Oghur:

Chuvash: тӑран (tăran) < *todun- ?

Proto-Common Turkic: *tod-

Arghu:

Khalaj: todmaq

Oghuz:

Proto-Oghuz: *doy-

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: doymaq

Ottoman Turkish: دویمق (doymak)

Gagauz: doymaa

Turkish: doymak

East Oghuz:

Salar: toy

Turkmen: doýmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: تُذْماقْ (tuḏmʾq /toḏmaq/)

Chagatai: تویماق (toymaq)

Uyghur: تويماق (toymaq)

Uzbek: toʻymoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: туйыу (tuyıw)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (toy-)

Kumyk: [script needed] (toy-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: тою (toü)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: тоюу (toyuu)

Southern Altai: тойор (toyor)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (tod-)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tod-)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: тот (tot)

Yakut: тот (tot)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: тодар (todar)

Yenisei:

Shor: тос- (tos-)

Khakas: тос- (tos-)


čï̄gań

Arghu: جِغانْ (čïğān)

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: جغان (cığan)

Ottoman Turkish: جغان (cığan), جغانلق (cığanlık)

Turkish: cığan (dial.)

→ Kipchak: [script needed] (čïğan) (сыған can not be a descendant of čïğan)

Oghuz:

Turkish: çığay (dial.)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: جيٖغاى (čï̄ğāy)

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (čïğay), [script needed] (čïğaylïq)

Chagatai: [script needed] (čïğay)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰲𐰃𐰍𐰪 (čiǧń /čïgań/) (Yakut сыгаан (sıgaan) can not be a descendant of čïgań)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (čïgay)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (sāy, “mischief”)

Shor: [script needed] (šāy, “mischief”)

Perhaps borrowed from Byzantine Greek [Term?], related to Greek τσιγγάνος (tsingános).


kod-

Oghur:

Chuvash: хур (hur)

Proto-Common Turkic: *kod-

Proto-Oghuz: *goy-

West Oghuz:

desctree

Old Anatolian Turkish: قویمق (qoymaq)
Azerbaijani: qoymaq
Gagauz: koymaa
Ottoman Turkish: قویمق (koymak)
Turkish: koymak

East Oghuz:

Salar:

Turkmen: goýmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: قُذْماقْ (qoδmaq), قُتْماقْ (qotmaq), قُیْماقْ (qoymaq)
Chagatai:
Uyghur: قويۇش (qoyush)
Uzbek: qoʻymoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡуйыу (quyıw)

Tatar: куйыу (quyıw)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (qoy-)

Kumyk: [script needed] (qoy-)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: қою (qoü)

Nogai: [script needed] (qoy-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: коюу (koyuu)

Southern Altai: койор (koyor)

Siberian:

desc

Old Turkic: [script needed] (kōd-), [script needed] (kōt-, “to put, to set down, to lay, to place”)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (qod-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (quz-)


ï̄-

[script needed]

Proto-Common Turkic: *ï̄-d- (“to send”); Old Turkic

Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽶𐽸𐽳𐽲→⇒? Khitan: 伊吐干→⇒? Proto-Mongolic: *ïduganClassical Mongolian: ᠢᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨMongolian: удган


kēče

Oghur:

Chuvash: каҫ (kaś)

Proto-Common Turkic: *kẹ̄če

Arghu

Khalaj: kêçə (“night”)

Oghuz:

desctree

Old Anatolian Turkish: كیجه (gejä)
Azerbaijani: gecə
Ottoman Turkish: گیجه (gece)
Gagauz: gecä
Turkish: gece

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: gije (“night”)

Salar: gece

Karluk:

desc

Karakhanid: [script needed] (kečä, “night”)

Uyghur: كېچە (këche, “night”), كېچا (këcha, “night; yesterday”)

Uzbek: kecha (“yesterday”)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: кисә (kisə, “yesterday”)

Tatar: кичә (kiçä, “yesterday”)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: кече (keçe, “night”)

Crimean Tatar: gece (“night”)

Kumyk: гече (geçe, “night”), геч (geç, “evening”)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: кеш (“yesterday”)

Kazakh: кеше (keşe, “yesterday”), кеш (keş, “evening”)

Nogai: кеше (keşe, “night”)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кеч (kec, “evening”), кечээ (kecee, “yesterday”)

Southern Altai: кеч (keč, “evening”), кече (keče, “yesterday”)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰛𐰃𐰲𐰀 (kéče, “evening, late in the evening”)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: киэһэ (kiehe)

Yakut: киэһэ (kiehe)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas: киӌее (kicee) geǰe

Sayan:

Dukhan: geǰe (“evening”)

Soyot: кеҷе (“evening”)

Tofa: кеҷе (kece, “evening”)

Tuvan: кежээ (kejee, “evening”)

Not derived from *keč- (“to pass, wade”). Related to *kēč (“late”).


umnït-

trk-cmn-conj-head

umnïttačï, umnïtmakčï, umnïtsïk, umnïtačak

umnïttačï ben, umnïtmakčï ben, umnïtačak ben

umnïttačï sen, umnïtmakčï sen, umnïtačak sen

umnïttačï biz, umnïtmakčï biz, umnïtačak biz

umnïttačï siz, umnïtmakčï siz, umnïtačak siz

umnïtmasak, umnïtmasamïz, umnïtmasar biz

umnïtmak (infinitive)
umnïtgan (participle present)
umnïtïgma (participle present)
umnïtur (participle present)
umnïttuk (participle past)
umnïtmïš (participle past)
umnïttačï (future participle)
umnïtmakčï (future participle)
umnïtsïk (future participle)
umnïtačak (future participle)
umnïtma (noun-from-verb)
umnïtïg (noun-from-verb)
umnïtgu (noun-from-verb)
umnïtïš (adverbial)
umnïtur ben (aorist indicative singular)
umnïtur sen (aorist indicative singular)
umnïtur (aorist indicative singular)
umnïtur biz (aorist indicative plural)
umnïtur siz (aorist indicative plural)
umnïtur (aorist indicative plural)
umnïttïm (indicative past singular)
umnïttïŋ (indicative past singular)
umnïttï (indicative past singular)
umnïttïk (indicative past plural)
umnïttïmïz (indicative past plural)
umnïttïŋïz (indicative past plural)
umnïttï (indicative past plural)
umnïtmïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
umnïtmïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
umnïtmïš (indicative inferential past singular)
umnïtmïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
umnïtmïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
umnïtmïš (indicative inferential past plural)
umnïttačï ben (future indicative singular)
umnïtmakčï ben (future indicative singular)
umnïtačak ben (future indicative singular)
umnïttačï sen (future indicative singular)
umnïtmakčï sen (future indicative singular)
umnïtačak sen (future indicative singular)
umnïttačï (future indicative singular)
umnïtmakčï (future indicative singular)
umnïtačak (future indicative singular)
umnïttačï biz (future indicative plural)
umnïtmakčï biz (future indicative plural)
umnïtačak biz (future indicative plural)
umnïttačï siz (future indicative plural)
umnïtmakčï siz (future indicative plural)
umnïtačak siz (future indicative plural)
umnïttačï (future indicative plural)
umnïtmakčï (future indicative plural)
umnïtačak (future indicative plural)
umnïtgay ben (future indicative singular)
umnïtgay sen (future indicative singular)
umnïtgay (future indicative singular)
umnïtgay biz (future indicative plural)
umnïtgay siz (future indicative plural)
umnïtgay (future indicative plural)
umnïtsïkïm (future indicative singular)
umnïtsïkïŋ (future indicative singular)
umnïtsïk (future indicative singular)
umnïtsïkïmïz (future indicative plural)
umnïtsïkïŋïz (future indicative plural)
umnïtsïk (future indicative plural)
umnïtsam (conditional singular)
umnïtsar ben (conditional singular)
umnïtsaŋ (conditional singular)
umnïtsar sen (conditional singular)
umnïtsa (conditional singular)
umnïtsar (conditional singular)
umnïtsak (conditional plural)
umnïtsamïz (conditional plural)
umnïtsar biz (conditional plural)
umnïtsaŋïz (conditional plural)
umnïtsar siz (conditional plural)
umnïtsalar (conditional plural)
umnïtsar (conditional plural)
umnïtgay ben (optative singular)
umnïtgay sen (optative singular)
umnïtgay (optative singular)
umnïtgay biz (optative plural)
umnïtgay siz (optative plural)
umnïtgay (optative plural)
umnïtmakda ben (progressive singular)
umnïtmakda sen (progressive singular)
umnïtmakda (progressive singular)
umnïtmakda biz (plural progressive)
umnïtmakda siz (plural progressive)
umnïtmakda (plural progressive)
umnïtmalïg ben (necessitative singular)
umnïtmalïg sen (necessitative singular)
umnïtmalïg (necessitative singular)
umnïtmalïg biz (necessitative plural)
umnïtmalïg siz (necessitative plural)
umnïtmalïg (necessitative plural)
umnïtayïn (imperative singular)
umnït (imperative singular)
umnïtgïl (imperative singular)
umnïtzun (imperative singular)
umnïtalïm (imperative plural)
umnïtïŋ (imperative plural)
umnïtzun (imperative plural)
umnïtmamak (infinitive negative)
umnïtmagan (negative participle present)
umnïtmagma (negative participle present)
umnïtmaz (negative participle present)
umnïtmaduk (negative participle past)
umnïtmamïš (negative participle past)
umnïtmačï (future negative participle)
umnïtmasïk (future negative participle)
umnïtmayačak (future negative participle)
umnïtmama (negative noun-from-verb)
umnïtmag (negative noun-from-verb)
umnïtmagu (negative noun-from-verb)
umnïtmayïš (adverbial negative)
umnïtmaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
umnïtmaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
umnïtmaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
umnïtmaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
umnïtmaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
umnïtmaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
umnïtmadïm (indicative negative past singular)
umnïtmadïŋ (indicative negative past singular)
umnïtmadï (indicative negative past singular)
umnïtmadïk (indicative negative past plural)
umnïtmadïmïz (indicative negative past plural)
umnïtmadïŋïz (indicative negative past plural)
umnïtmadï (indicative negative past plural)
umnïtmamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
umnïtmamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
umnïtmamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
umnïtmamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
umnïtmamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
umnïtmamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
umnïtmačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
umnïtmayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
umnïtmačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
umnïtmayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
umnïtmačï (future indicative negative singular)
umnïtmayačak (future indicative negative singular)
umnïtmačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
umnïtmayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
umnïtmačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
umnïtmayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
umnïtmačï (future indicative negative plural)
umnïtmayačak (future indicative negative plural)
umnïtmagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
umnïtmagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
umnïtmagay (future indicative negative singular)
umnïtmagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
umnïtmagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
umnïtmagay (future indicative negative plural)
umnïtmasïkïm (future indicative negative singular)
umnïtmasïkïŋ (future indicative negative singular)
umnïtmasïk (future indicative negative singular)
umnïtmasïkïmïz (future indicative negative plural)
umnïtmasïkïŋïz (future indicative negative plural)
umnïtmasïk (future indicative negative plural)
umnïtmasam (conditional negative singular)
umnïtmasar ben (conditional negative singular)
umnïtmasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
umnïtmasar sen (conditional negative singular)
umnïtmasa (conditional negative singular)
umnïtmasar (conditional negative singular)
umnïtmasak (conditional negative plural)
umnïtmasamïz (conditional negative plural)
umnïtmasar biz (conditional negative plural)
umnïtmasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
umnïtmasar siz (conditional negative plural)
umnïtmasalar (conditional negative plural)
umnïtmasar (conditional negative plural)
umnïtmagay ben (negative optative singular)
umnïtmagay sen (negative optative singular)
umnïtmagay (negative optative singular)
umnïtmagay biz (negative optative plural)
umnïtmagay siz (negative optative plural)
umnïtmagay (negative optative plural)
umnïtmamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
umnïtmamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
umnïtmamakda (negative progressive singular)
umnïtmamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
umnïtmamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
umnïtmamakda (negative plural progressive)
umnïtmamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
umnïtmamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
umnïtmamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
umnïtmamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
umnïtmamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
umnïtmamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
umnïtmayayïn (imperative negative singular)
umnïtma (imperative negative singular)
umnïtmagïl (imperative negative singular)
umnïtmazun (imperative negative singular)
umnïtmayalïm (imperative negative plural)
umnïtmayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
umnïtmazun (imperative negative plural)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ман (man)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj:

Proto-Oghuz: *unït-, *unut-

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: unutmaq

Ottoman Turkish: اونوتمق (unutmak)

Gagauz: unutmaa

Turkish: unutmak

Salar: unıtğusı

Turkmen: unutmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اُنِتْماقْ (unıtmaq)

Khorezmian Turkic: اونوتماق (“unutmak”)

Chagatai:

Uyghur: ئۇنتۇش (untush)

Uzbek: unutmoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: онотоу (onotow)

desc

Tatar: оныту (onıtu), онытырга (onıtırga)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: unutmaq

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (unut-)

Karaim: [script needed] (unut-)

Kumyk: [script needed] (unut-)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: ұмыту (ūmytu)

Karakalpak: [script needed] (umıt-)

Nogai: [script needed] (umıt-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: унутуу (unutuu)

Southern Altai: ундыыр (undïïr)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (unıt-)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (unut-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (unut-)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: умун (umun)

Yakut: умун (umun)

South Siberian

Sayan:

Tuvan: уттур (uttur)

Yenisei:

Shor: ундударға (unuturğa)

Khakas: ундирға (undirğa)

Causative form of *umnï-.
Compare with Proto-Mongolic *umta- (“to sleep; forget”), *umarta- (“to sleep; forget”), Proto-Tungusic *omŋa- (“to forget”), Proto-Uralic *wune- (“to forget”). Whence Finnish unohtaa (“to forget”), Mongolian умартах (umartax, “to forget”) and Even омӈа- (omŋa-, “to forget”).


sī-

si-k-

to copulate; see there for further descendants

sī-k

urine; see there for further descendants

sīd-tük

Proto-Turkic: *sī-d- (“to urinate”) (see there for further descendants)


tegiŋ

Oghur:

Chuvash:

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: تیون (teyin, teyün)
Turkish: değin, deyin, teğin, teyin

Karluk:

Uyghur: تىيىن (tiyin)

Uzbek: tiyin

→ English: tiyin

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: тейен (teyen), тин (tin)

Tatar: тиен (tiyen)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: тиін (tiın)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: тыйын (tıyın)

Southern Altai: тийиҥ (tiyiŋ)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰘𐰃𐰭 (teyiŋ)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: тииҥ (tiiñ)

Yakut: тииҥ (tiiñ)

South Siberian:

Yeniseian:

Khakas: тиин (tiin)

Sayan:

Tuvan: дииң (diiñ)


elgek

elgek (nominative singular)
elgekig (accusative singular)
elgekni (accusative singular)
elgekniŋ (genitive singular)
elgekke (dative singular)
elgekde (locative singular)
elgekden (ablative singular)
elgekgerü (allative singular)
elgekin (instrumental singular)
elgekče (equative singular)
elgekleyü (singular)
elgekligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ала (ala)

Proto-Common Turkic: *elgek

Arghu:

Khalaj: həlgək

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: ələk
→? Persian: الک (alak)

Ottoman Turkish: الك (elek)

Turkish: elek

East Oghuz:

Salar: elek

Turkmen: elek

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: иләк (ilək)

Tatar: иләк (iläk)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: elek

Karachay-Balkar: элек (elek)

Kumyk: элек (elek)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak:

Kazakh: елек (elek)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: элек (elek), элгек (elgek)

Southern Altai: элгек (elgek)

Karluk:

Uzbek: elak

Uyghur: ئەلگەك (elgek)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: илгек (ilgek)

Shor: элек (elek)

From *elge- (“to sift; sieve”) + *-k, ultimately goes back to *elig (“hand”).


yidge

yidge (nominative singular)
yidgeig (accusative singular)
yidgeni (accusative singular)
yidgeniŋ (genitive singular)
yidgeke (dative singular)
yidgede (locative singular)
yidgeden (ablative singular)
yidgegerü (allative singular)
yidgein (instrumental singular)
yidgeče (equative singular)
yidgeleyü (singular)
yidgeligü (comitative singular)

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *yidgelek

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫырла (śyrla)

→ Hungarian: szőlő (grape)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: еләк (yelək)

Tatar: җиләк (ciläk)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: джилек (cilek)

Kumyk: [script needed] (ciyelek)

South Kipchak:

Nogai: желек (jelek)

Karakalpak: жийде

Kazakh: жидек (jidek)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жийде (jiyde)

Southern Altai: јилек (ǰilek)

→ Armenian: ելակ (elak)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yeniseian Turkic:

desc

Khakas: чистек (çistek), сестек (sestek)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: iydə

Ottoman Turkish: ایكده (iğde), اگده (iğde)

Turkish: iğde (“oleaster, silverberry; silverberry tree”)

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: igde

Salar:

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yigde) (Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk)

Uzbek: jiyda

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Nogai:

Karakalpak: жийде (jiyde)

Kazakh: жийде (jiide)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жийде (jiyde)


ǖš

ǖš (nominative singular)
ǖšüg (accusative singular)
ǖšni (accusative singular)
ǖšnüŋ (genitive singular)
ǖške (dative singular)
ǖšde (locative singular)
ǖšden (ablative singular)
ǖšgerü (allative singular)
ǖšün (instrumental singular)
ǖšče (equative singular)
ǖšleyü (singular)
ǖšlügü (comitative singular)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

⇒ Ottoman Turkish: اوشك (üşek)

Turkish: üşek

Karluk:

⇒ Karakhanid: [script needed] (üşek)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

⇒ Dolgan: үс-кис (üs-kis, “sable”)

Yakut: үүс (üüs)

South Siberian:

Yeniseian:

Khakas: ӱс (üs)

Shor: ӱc (üs)

Sayan:

Tofa: үс (üs)

Tuvan: үс (üs)

The Turkish vaşak and Azerbaijani term vaşaq for lynx, might also be a descendant of *ǖš with some influences from Arabic or Persian, or directly a borrowing from Arabic وشق (wašaq).


kančïk

kančïk (nominative singular)
kančïkïg (accusative singular)
kančïknï (accusative singular)
kančïknïŋ (genitive singular)
kančïkka (dative singular)
kančïkda (locative singular)
kančïkdan (ablative singular)
kančïkgaru (allative singular)
kančïkïn (instrumental singular)
kančïkča (equative singular)
kančïklayu (singular)
kančïklïgu (comitative singular)

Proto-Common Turkic: *kaŋčïk, *kančïk

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qancıq

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: قانجیق (kancık), قانجق (kancık)
Turkish: kancık
→ Armenian: խանճըխ (xančəx)

East Oghuz:

Salar: gancıq (“female dog”)

Turkmen: ganjyk

Karluk:

Karakhanid: قَنْجِقْ (qančıq)

Uyghur: قانجۇق (qanjuq)

Uzbek: qanjiq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡансыҡ (qansıq)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: qancıq

Kumyk: [script needed] (qançıq)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: қаншық

Kazakh: қаншық (qanşyq)

Nogai: [script needed] (qancıq)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: канчык (kancık)

Southern Altai: канчык (kančïk)

Siberian:

desc

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (qančïq, “female dog”)

Probably borrowed from Sogdian 𐼸𐼻𐼿𐼷𐼸 (kncyk, “young girl”), diminutive of 𐼸𐼻𐼿 (knc, “girl”). Some anaylse it as *kan + *-čïk, however considering the root is unattested and the suffix would have been *-čük at the time, this is unlikely.

bor+

(Common Turkic) bitch; both in the sense of female dog and a promiscuous woman.


subsa-

Oghur:

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: suvsamaq

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: susamaq

Ottoman Turkish: صوسامق (susamak)

Turkish: susamak

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: suwsamak

Karluk:

desc

Karakhanid: [script needed] (suvsa-, “to be thirsty”)

Uyghur: ئۇسسۇماق (ussumaq)

Uzbek: suvsamoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һыуһау (hıwhaw)

Tatar: сусау (susaw)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: сусау (susau)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: суусоо (suusoo)

Southern Altai: суузаар (suuzaar)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yeniseian:

Khakas: сухса- (suxsa-)

Sayan:

Tuvan: суксаар (suksaar)

From *sub (“water”) + *-sa (“desiderative suffix”).


küŕen

küŕen (nominative singular)
küŕenig (accusative singular)
küŕenni (accusative singular)
küŕenniŋ (genitive singular)
küŕenke (dative singular)
küŕende (locative singular)
küŕenden (ablative singular)
küŕengerü (allative singular)
küŕenin (instrumental singular)
küŕenče (equative singular)
küŕenleyü (singular)
küŕenligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

→ Hungarian: görény

→? Proto-Mongolic: *kürene

desc

ᠬᠥ᠊᠊ᠷ᠊ᠢ᠊᠊ᠨ ᠬᠥ᠊᠊ᠷᠠᠠ᠊ᠢ᠊ᠡ

Native Script Mongolian: ᠬᠥ᠊᠊ᠷ᠊ᠢ᠊᠊ᠨ
ᠬᠥ᠊᠊ᠷᠠᠠ᠊ᠢ᠊ᠡ (kö--r-i--n kö--raa-i-e)

Mongolian: хүрэн (xüren)

Proto-Common Turkic: *küzen

Oghuz:

East Oghuz:

⇒ Turkmen: alajgözen

Kipchak:

→ Armenian: գյուջեն (gyuǰen), գուջեն (guǰen) — Nor Nakhichevan

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: гёзен (gözen)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: көҙән (köźən)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (güzen)

Kazakh: күзен (küzen), сасық күзен (sasyq küzen)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: күзөн (küzön)

Southern Altai: кӱзен (küzen)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yeniseian:

Khakas: кӱзен (küzen)

Sayan:

Tuvan: күзэн (küzen, “Siberian polecat”)

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *kürene (“ferret, weasel”), Proto-Tungusic *xur- (“bear; gopher; bear's flesh (as food); young tarbagan”).


kayïr

kayïr (nominative singular)
kayïrïg (accusative singular)
kayïrnï (accusative singular)
kayïrnïŋ (genitive singular)
kayïrka (dative singular)
kayïrda (locative singular)
kayïrdan (ablative singular)
kayïrgaru (allative singular)
kayïrïn (instrumental singular)
kayïrča (equative singular)
kayïrlayu (singular)
kayïrlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: хӑйӑр (hăjăr, “sand”)

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qayır, qayraq

Ottoman Turkish: قاير (kayır)

Turkish: kayır (“sand”)

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: gaýyr (“gravel; sand”)

Karluk:

desc

Karakhanid: [script needed] (qayır, “salt steppe; sand”)

Uzbek: qayir (“gravel”)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: къайыр (qayır, “gravel”)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: қайыр (qayır, “sandbank”)

Kazakh: қайыр (qaiyr, “sandbank”)

Nogai: къайыр (k”ayır, “sand”)

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: кайыр (kayïr, “salt marsh”)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

⇒ Yakut: хайыр таас (qayır taas, “gravel”)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: хайыр (xayır, “salt steppe”)

Compared to Proto-Tungusic *xońi (“sand; dirt”), whence Even [script needed] (ońịŋ, “sand; dirt”).


özgēn

özgēn (nominative singular)
özgēnig (accusative singular)
özgēnni (accusative singular)
özgēnniŋ (genitive singular)
özgēnke (dative singular)
özgēnde (locative singular)
özgēnden (ablative singular)
özgēngerü (allative singular)
özgēnin (instrumental singular)
özgēnče (equative singular)
özgēnleyü (singular)
özgēnligü (comitative singular)

Proto-Common Turkic: *özgēn

Siberian:

desc

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (özkän yözkän, “rain”)

North Siberian:

Yakut: өксүөн (öksüön, “cloudy, rainy autumn weather (with snow)”), өһүөн (öhüön, “long-lasting rain”)

→ Buryat: үһээ (ühee), үһээ бороо (ühee boroo, “torrential rain”)

South Siberian:

Yeniseian:

Khakas: ӱскен (üsken, “rain”)

Sayan:

Tofa: [script needed] (ösken)

Most likely a local Siberian word, maybe goes back en earlier *hözgēn . Derived from *özgē- (“an unknown verb”) + *-n.
Perhaps also related to Proto-Common Turkic *ögren, *örgen (“river, brook”) and *özen (“river, brook”).


kuńāĺ

kuńāĺ (nominative singular)
kuńāĺïg (accusative singular)
kuńāĺnï (accusative singular)
kuńāĺnïŋ (genitive singular)
kuńāĺka (dative singular)
kuńāĺda (locative singular)
kuńāĺdan (ablative singular)
kuńāĺgaru (allative singular)
kuńāĺïn (instrumental singular)
kuńāĺča (equative singular)
kuńāĺlayu (singular)
kuńāĺlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: хӗвел (hĕvel, “sun”)

Proto-Common Turkic: *kuyāš

Karluk:

Karakhanid: قُياشْ

Chagatai:

Uzbek: quyosh

Uyghur: قۇياش (quyash)

Kipchak:

Cuman: cuyas

Karaim: къуяш (quyaş)

Kumyk: кыяс (kıyas)

→ Turkish: guyaş (dial.)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡояш (qoyaş)

Tatar: кояш (qoyaş)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Nogai: [script needed] (qıyaş)

Karakalpak: quyash

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: [script needed] (quyash)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (quyaš)

Northern Altai: куйаш (kuyaš)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: куньаас (kuńaas)

Yakut: куйаас (kuyaas)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Shor: қуйаш (quyaš)

Whether this is a secondary form of *küneĺ (“sunny place”) or a distinct word is uncertain, with multiple sources claiming one or the other.
Sevortjan suggests a derivation from *kuy- which he considers a secondary form of *köń-, however neither does he explain the morphology nor is such a form attested.


yačan-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫӳзӗн (śüzĕn, “to be shocked”)

Proto-Common Turkic: *yačan-

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (yaçanmak)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yačan-)

Probably derived from the verbal root *yab-.

(intransitive) to be ashamed, embarrassed


kebrüč

kebrüč (nominative singular)
kebrüčüg (accusative singular)
kebrüčni (accusative singular)
kebrüčnüŋ (genitive singular)
kebrüčke (dative singular)
kebrüčde (locative singular)
kebrüčden (ablative singular)
kebrüčgerü (allative singular)
kebrüčün (instrumental singular)
kebrüčče (equative singular)
kebrüčleyü (singular)
kebrüčlügü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: каврӑҫ (kavrăś)

→ Hungarian: kőris

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: göyrüş

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: kürüç, küvrüç (dialectal)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (kevrik, “hornbeam”)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: кюрюч (kürüç)

Kumyk: гюйрюч (güyrüç)

South Kipchak:

Nogai: [script needed] (güyriş)

Can be analyzable as *keb- + *-rüč, if related to Proto-Tungusic *xiba-gda (“ash tree”), whence also Nanai сивагдан (sivagdan).


ǖgi

ǖgi (nominative singular)
ǖgiüg (accusative singular)
ǖgini (accusative singular)
ǖginüŋ (genitive singular)
ǖgike (dative singular)
ǖgide (locative singular)
ǖgiden (ablative singular)
ǖgigerü (allative singular)
ǖgiün (instrumental singular)
ǖgiče (equative singular)
ǖgileyü (singular)
ǖgilügü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ӳкӗ (ük̬ĕ)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: اكو, اوكى

Ottoman Turkish: اوكو (üğü), اوكى (üği)

Turkish: üğü, öğü, uğu (dialectal)

Salar: ügü

Turkmen: hüwi

Karluk:

Karakhanid:

Xotan-Kenchek: اُوهٖى (ü:hi)

Chagatai: [script needed] (ügü)

Uyghur: ئوۋ (ow), ئۇكە (uke)

Uzbek: ukki

Kipchak: اُوكٖى (ü:gi)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: өкө (ökö)

Tatar: өке (öke)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: үкі (ükı)

East Kipchak:

Kazakh: үкү (ükü)

Southern Altai: ӱкӱ (ükü)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yeniseian:

Khakas: ӱгӱ (ügü)

Shor: ӱгӱ (ügü)

Sayan:

Tofa: [script needed] (hügü)

Tuvan: үгү (ügü)

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *uxuli (“owl”) and Proto-Tungusic *oksari (“owl”); whence also Mongolian ууль (uulʹ) and Nanai оксаран (oksaran).


torgay

torgay (nominative singular)
torgayïg (accusative singular)
torgaynï (accusative singular)
torgaynïŋ (genitive singular)
torgayka (dative singular)
torgayda (locative singular)
torgaydan (ablative singular)
torgaygaru (allative singular)
torgayïn (instrumental singular)
torgayča (equative singular)
torgaylayu (singular)
torgaylïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: тӑри (tări)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: تورغای (torġay)

Azerbaijani: torağay

Ottoman Turkish: طویغار (“toygar”)

Turkish: toygar, turgay, Toygar (“a male given name”), Turgay (“a male given name”)

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: torgaý

Karluk:

desctree

Chagatai: تورغای (torğay)
Uzbek: toʻrgʻay
Uyghur: تورغاي (torghay)
→ Persian: ترغای (torġây), ترغی (torġay), تورغای (turġây)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: турғай (turğay)

Tatar: тургай (turgay)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: torğay

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: торғай (torğai)

⇒ Nogai: боз торгай (boz torgay)

→ Kalmyk: торһа (torğa)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: торгой (torgoy)

desc

⇒ Southern Altai: бос торкой (bos torkoy)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: туйаар (tuyaar)

If the suffix *-gay is also used in *kïrguy, then possibly derived from unknown root *tor-, which then makes it comparable to Proto-Tungusic *turākī (“raven, crow”). ( compare Evenki тураки (turaki, “turaki”)).


següt

següt (nominative singular)
segütüg (accusative singular)
segütni (accusative singular)
segütnüŋ (genitive singular)
segütke (dative singular)
segütde (locative singular)
segütden (ablative singular)
segütgerü (allative singular)
segütün (instrumental singular)
segütče (equative singular)
segütleyü (singular)
segütlügü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash:

Proto-Common Turkic: *següt, *sögüt

Arghu:

Khalaj: söğət

Proto-Oghuz: *söɣüt

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: söyüd

Ottoman Turkish: سوگود (söğüt)

Gagauz: süüt

Turkish: söğüt

East Oghuz:

Salar:

Turkmen: söwüt

Karluk:

Karakhanid: سُكُتْ (sögüt)

Uyghur: سۆگەت (söget)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (sögüt)

Old Uyghur:

Western Yugur: sögüt, segit

North Siberian:

Dolgan: үөт (üöt)

Yakut: үөт (üöt)

South Siberian:

Yeniseian:

Khakas: сӧӧт


tabar

Oghur:

Proto-Bulgar:

>? Danube Bulgar:

→ Proto-Slavic: *tovarъ

Russian: товар (tovar)

→ Yakut: табаар (tabaar)

→ Mongolian: таваар (tavaar)

→ Gagauz: tovar

Chuvash: тавар (tavar)

Proto-Common Turkic:

→ Kalmyk: тавр (tavr)

Oghuz: تَوَرْ (tawar)

desctree

Old Anatolian Turkish: طوار (ṭavar), دور (davar), داوار (davar)
Azerbaijani: davar
Ottoman Turkish: طوار (davar)
Turkish: davar, (dialectal) tavar
→ Laz: დავარი (davari)
→ Middle Armenian: տաւար (tawar)
Armenian: տավար (tavar)

Turkmen: dowar

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Bulgar:

Bashkir: тауар (tawar)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: tuvar

Krymchak: tuvar

Kipchak-Nogai:

Karakalpak: tavr

Kazakh: тауар (tauar)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: табар (tabar)

Southern Altai: табар (tabar)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: تَڤَرْ (tavar)

Chagatai:

Uzbek: tovar

Uyghur: تاۋار (tawar)

Siberian Turkic:

Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽰𐽱𐽰𐽾 (tʾβʾr /tavar/)


tūŕ

Early Proto-Turkic: *tubuŕ

Oghur:

Chuvash: тӑвар (tăvar)

Early Proto-Common Turkic: *tuwuz

→? Proto-Mongolic: *dabusun

Mongolian: ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ (dabusu)

Khalkha Mongolian: давс (davs)

Proto-Common Turkic: *tūz

Arghu:

Khalaj: tûz

Proto-Oghuz: *duz

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: duz

Ottoman Turkish: طوز (tuz)

Turkish: tuz

Turkmen: duz

Salar: duz

Karluk:

Karakhanid:

Uzbek: tuz

Uyghur: تۇز (tuz)

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Bulgar:

Bashkir: тоҙ (toź)

Tatar: тоз (toz)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: туз, tuz

Karachay-Balkar: туз (tuz)

Kumyk: туз (tuz)

Kipchak-Nogai:

Karakalpak: дуз/duz

Kazakh: тұз (tūz), дұз (dūz)

Nogai: туз (tuz)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: туз (tuz)

Southern Altai: тус (tus)

Siberian Turkic:

Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽳𐽴 (tuz)

North Siberian Turkic:

Dolgan: туус (tuus)

Yakut: туус (tuus)

South Siberian Turkic:

Sayan:

Tofa: тус (tus)

Tuvan: дус (dus)

Yeniseian:

Khakas: тус (tus)

Shor: тус (tus)


yudruk

yudruk (nominative singular)
yudrukug (accusative singular)
yudruknï (accusative singular)
yudruknuŋ (genitive singular)
yudrukka (dative singular)
yudrukda (locative singular)
yudrukdan (ablative singular)
yudrukgaru (allative singular)
yudrukun (instrumental singular)
yudrukča (equative singular)
yudruklayu (singular)
yudruklugu (comitative singular)

Proto-Common Turkic: *yudruk

Arghu:

Khalaj: zumruq

Proto-Oghuz: *yumruk

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (yumruq)

Azerbaijani: yumruq

Gagauz: yumruk

Ottoman Turkish: یومروق (yumruk)

Turkish: yumruk

→ Bulgarian: юмрук (jumruk)

Salar: yuğurdaq

Turkmen: ýumruk

Karluk:

Karakhanid: يُذْرُقْ (yuδruq)

Chagatai: [script needed] (yumruk)

Kipchak: *yumruk, *yudruk

North Kipchak:

Tatar: йомрык (yomrıq), йодрык (yodrıq)

Bashkir: йоҙроҡ (yoźroq)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: yumruq, yumrıq

Karachay-Balkar: джумдурукъ (cumduruq)

Karaim:

Kumyk: юмурукъ (yumuruq)

Urum: йумрух

Urum: йумрух

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak:

Kazakh: жұдырық (jūdyryq), жұмырық (jūmyryq)

Nogai: юмырык (yumırık)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жудурук (juduruk)

Southern Altai: јудрук (ǰudruk)

Siberian: *yudruk

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: yydrwq (yïdruq)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (uzïrïq)

North Siberian:

Yakut: сутурук (suturuk), сутурух (suturuq)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: нюдуруӄ (ńuduruq)

Tuvan: чудурук (çuduruk)

Yeniseian:

Khakas: мунзурух (munzurux), нузурух (nuzurux)

Shor: [script needed] (nuzruq)

The ultimate origin is unknown. Even though suggested to be a derivation from *yum- (“to close (of eyes)”); Bashkir, Old Uyghur, Karakhanid and so on don't point it. According to historical chronology, *yumruk seems to have later replaced *yudruk. As regards *ń-, Doerfer deemed only the comparison of Mongolic nudurga ‘fist’ and Turkic yudruk acceptable and claimed that the Mongolic form might have been dissimilated from *dudurga. In a later study in which he consonants had not undergone any changes during the formation of
Proto-Common-Turkic and Proto-Bulgar-Turkic, it is possible and quite likely that Proto-Turkic had the same initials *p-, *ń- and *d₂- aswell.
Compared to Proto-Mongolic *nidurga (“fist”) and Proto-Tungusic *nurga (“fist”). And also Korean 주먹 (jumeok, “fist”)


kerekü

kerekü (nominative singular)
kereküüg (accusative singular)
kereküni (accusative singular)
kerekünüŋ (genitive singular)
kereküke (dative singular)
kereküde (locative singular)
kereküden (ablative singular)
kerekügerü (allative singular)
kereküün (instrumental singular)
kereküče (equative singular)
kereküleyü (singular)
kerekülügü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash:

Proto-Common Turkic: *kerekü

Oghuz:

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: gerege

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (kerekü)

Uzbek: keraga

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: кирәгә (kirəgə)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: кереге (kerege)

Kazakh: кереге (kerege)

Nogai: кереге (kerege)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кереге (kerege)

Southern Altai: кереге (kerege)

Somehow similar to Proto-Mongolic *ger (“yurt, house”), whence also Mongolian гэр (ger, “yurt”).


tap-

Proto-Common Turkic: *tap-

Proto-Oghuz: *tap-

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish: طاپمق (tapmak)

Turkish: tapmak

Salar: datğusı

Turkmen: tapmak

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: табыну (tabynu)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: табынуу (tabınuu)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (tap-)

Siberian

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tap-)

→ Proto-Mongolic: *taxï- (“to sacrifice”)

Nişanyan suggests that both etymologies may be one in the same and the original meaning may have been "to run around" comparing *tabïĺ-, *tabra- (“to run around, hurry, flee”).

(Common Turkic, intransitive) to worship, serve

tap-ïn-

to worship, (reflexive); see there for further descendants


tap-

Oghur:

Chuvash: туп (tup)

Proto-Common Turkic: *tap-

Proto-Oghuz: *tap-

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: tapmaq

Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (tapmaj)

Turkish: tapmak, dapmak (dialectal)

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: tapmak

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: tapmaq

Karachay-Balkar: табаргъа (tabarğa)

Kumyk: [script needed] (tap)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: табыу (tabıw)

Tatar: табу (tabu)

Central-Kipchak:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (tap-)

Kazakh: табу (tabu)

Nogai: табув (tabuv)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: табуу (tabuu)

Southern Altai: табар (tabar)

Karluk:

Uzbek: topmoq

Uyghur: تاپماق (tapmaq)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yeniseian:

Khakas: табарға (tabarğa)

Shor: табарға (tabarğa)

Sayan:

Tofa: туъпар (tupar), туъфар (tufar)

Tuvan: тывар (tıvar)

→ Proto-Mongolic: *taxa- (“to guess”)


tapïn-

Oghur:

Chuvash:

Proto-Common Turkic: *tapïn-

Proto-Oghuz: *tapïn-

West Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: tapınmaq

Ottoman Turkish: طاپنمق (tapınmak)

Turkish: tapınmak

Karluk:

Uyghur: [script needed] (tevin-)

Uzbek: topinmoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: табыныу (tabınıw)

Tatar: табыну (tabınu)

Central Kipchak:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (tabın-)

Kazakh: табыну (tabynu)

Nogai: [script needed] (tabın-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: табынуу (tabınuu)

Southern Altai: табынар (tabïnar)

From *tap- (“to worship, serve”) + *-ïn- (“reflexive suffix”).


todtur-

Oghur:

Chuvash: тӑрантар (tărant̬ar)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: doydurmaq

Kipchak:

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: тойдырар (toydïrar)

Karluk

desctree

Chagatai: تویدورماق (toydurmaq)
Uzbek: toʻydirmoq

From *tod- (“to be full”) + *-tur (“causative suffix”)

suffix

(Common Turkic)

(transitive) to saturate, feed, make someone full


kurč

→? Proto-Mongolic: *kurca

Mongolian: хурц (xurc)

Oghur:

Chuvash: хурҫӑ (hurś̬ă, “steel”)

Common Turkic:

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡорос (qoros, “steel”)

Tatar: корыч (qorıç, “steel”)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: къурч (qurç, “steel”)

Kumyk: къурч (qurç, “brisk, vigorous”)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: құрыш (qūryş, “steel”)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: курч (kurc, “steel; sharp”)

Southern Altai: курч (kurč, “sharp”)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: qurč (firm: stout)

Nugteren compares the word to Proto-Mongolic *kurca (“sharp”), whence also Mongolian хурц (xurc, “sharp”).


bālïkčï

bālïkčï (nominative singular)
bālïkčïïg (accusative singular)
bālïkčïnï (accusative singular)
bālïkčïnïŋ (genitive singular)
bālïkčïka (dative singular)
bālïkčïda (locative singular)
bālïkčïdan (ablative singular)
bālïkčïgaru (allative singular)
bālïkčïïn (instrumental singular)
bālïkčïča (equative singular)
bālïkčïlayu (singular)
bālïkčïlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: пулӑҫӑ (pulăś̬ă)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Proto-Oghuz: *bālïkčï

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: balıqçı

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: بالقجی (balıkçı)
Turkish: balıkçı
→ Armenian: պալըխճի (paləxči), բալըխչի (baləxčʻi)
→ Ladino: balukchí
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Latin script: balùgdžija
Cyrillic script: балу̀гџија

Gagauz: balıkçı

East Oghuz:

Salar: baluqci

Turkmen: bālykçy

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (balıqçı)

Uyghur: بېلىقچى (bëliqchi)

Uzbek: baliqchi

Kypchak:

North Kypchak:

Bashkir: балыҡсы (balıqsı)

Tatar: балыкчы (balıqçı)

Kypchak-Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: balıqçı

Kumyk: балыкъчы (balıqçı)

Kypchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: балықшы (balyqşy)

Karakalpak: balıqşı

Kyrgyz–Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: балыкчы (balıkcı)

Southern Altai: балыкчы (balïkčï)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (balïqčï)

North Siberian:

Yakut: балыксыт (balıksıt)

Dolgan: балыксыт (balıksıt)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: балыкчы (balıkçı)

From *bālïk (“fish”) + *-čï (“occupational suffix”).


arïg

Mongolic:

→? Proto-Mongolic: *arïxun (< *arïgun) (?)

Mongolian: ариун (ariun)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ырӑ (yră, “good”)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: arığ

Proto-Oghuz: *ạrïɣ

West Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: arı

Ottoman Turkish: آری (arı)

Turkish: arı

Karluk:

Uzbek: ori'

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: aruv (“good”)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: ару (aru)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: аруу (aruu)

Southern Altai: ару (aru)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur:

Western Yugur: arïɣ

North Siberian:

⇒ Dolgan: ыраас (ıraas)

⇒ Yakut: ыраас (ıraas)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: арыг (arıg)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: арығ (arığ)

Shor: арығ (arığ)

From *arï- (“to be clean; to clean, purify”) + *-g.


-gün

*-gun (alternative)
*-ŋün (alternative)
*-ŋun (alternative)

ini (“younger brother”) + *-gün → *inigünüm (“my younger brothers”)

Suffix creating plurality for human beings


tüpkür-

Oghur:

Chuvash:

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: tüpürmək, tüfürmək

Ottoman Turkish: توكورمك (tükürmek)

Turkish: tükürmek

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: tüýkürmek

Salar: tükürgüsi

Karluk:

Uzbek: tupurmoq

Uyghur: تۈكۈرمەك (tükürmek)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: төкөрөү (tököröw)

Tatar: төкерү (tökerü)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: tükürmek

Kumyk: тюкюрмек (tükürmek)

Karachay-Balkar: тюкюрюрге (tükürürge)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: тӱкӱрер (tükürer)

Teleut тӱкӱр (tükür-)

Kyrgyz: түкүрүү (tükürüü)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: түкиру (tükıru)

Kazakh: түкіру (tükıru)

desc

Nogai: туькуьруьв (tükürüv)

Nogai: туькуьруьв (tükürüv)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: түккүр (tükkür-)

Tuvan: дүкпүр (dükpür), түкпүр (tükpür)

Yenisei:

Shor: тӱкӱр (tükür-)

Khakas: тӱкӱр (tükür)

From *tüp- + *-kür. The root either further related with Proto-Tungusic *tupi- (“to spit”) (whence also Nanai топимбори (topimbori)) , or a widespread onotamopoetic.


karïnčga

karïnčga (nominative singular)
karïnčgaïg (accusative singular)
karïnčganï (accusative singular)
karïnčganïŋ (genitive singular)
karïnčgaka (dative singular)
karïnčgada (locative singular)
karïnčgadan (ablative singular)
karïnčgagaru (allative singular)
karïnčgaïn (instrumental singular)
karïnčgača (equative singular)
karïnčgalayu (singular)
karïnčgalïgu (comitative singular)

Oghuz: قَرِنْجَقْ (karınčak), قَرِنْجا (karınčā)

Old Anatolian Turkish: قرنجه (qarınca)

Azerbaijani: qarınca, qarışqa

Ottoman Turkish: قرنجه

Gagauz: karımca

Turkish: karınca

→ Crimean Tatar: qarınca

Turkmen: garynja /قارنچغه

Karluk:

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (karïnčka)

Siberian:

Khakas: харчых (xarçıx, “tick”)


čümeli

čümeli (nominative singular)
čümeliig (accusative singular)
čümelini (accusative singular)
čümeliniŋ (genitive singular)
čümelike (dative singular)
čümelide (locative singular)
čümeliden (ablative singular)
čümeligerü (allative singular)
čümeliin (instrumental singular)
čümeliče (equative singular)
čümelileyü (singular)
čümeliligü (comitative singular)

Karluk:

Chigil: جُمالىٖ (çümeli)

Uyghur: چۈمۈلە (chümüle)

Uzbek: chumoli

Kipchak: [script needed] (čümeli)

North Kipchak:

Tatar: [script needed] (čümöldü)

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: шымал (şymal, “gnats, midgets, small flies or ants”)

South Kipchak:

Southern Altai: чымалы (čïmalï)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: 𐽽𐽶𐽹𐽰𐾁𐽶 (čimeli)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: шымыл (şımıl, “maggot”)


tāt

tāt (nominative singular)
tātïg (accusative singular)
tātnï (accusative singular)
tātnïŋ (genitive singular)
tātka (dative singular)
tātda (locative singular)
tātdan (ablative singular)
tātgaru (allative singular)
tātïn (instrumental singular)
tātča (equative singular)
tātlayu (singular)
tātlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

→ Hungarian: tót (“Slovak”)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: tât

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: طات (tat)

Azerbaijani: tat

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: tat

→? English: Tat

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (tat)

Chagatai: [script needed] (tat)

Uyghur: [script needed] (Tat)

Kipchak: [script needed] (tat)

West Kipchak:

Karaim: тат

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐱃𐱃 (tat, “alien; Persian”)

Old Uyghur: tʾt (“Persian”)

Western Yugur: tat (“Tibetan; Eastern Yughur”)


tǖs

tǖs (nominative singular)
tǖsüg (accusative singular)
tǖsni (accusative singular)
tǖsnüŋ (genitive singular)
tǖske (dative singular)
tǖsde (locative singular)
tǖsden (ablative singular)
tǖsgerü (allative singular)
tǖsün (instrumental singular)
tǖsče (equative singular)
tǖsleyü (singular)
tǖslügü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: тӗс (tĕs)

Proto-Common Turkic: *tǖs

Karluk:

Uyghur: تۈس (tüs)

Uzbek: tus

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: төҫ (töś)

Tatar: төс (tös)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: түс (tüs)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: түс (tüs)

Nogai: туьс (tüs)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: tüs


kām

kām (nominative singular)
kāmïg (accusative singular)
kāmnï (accusative singular)
kāmnïŋ (genitive singular)
kāmka (dative singular)
kāmda (locative singular)
kāmdan (ablative singular)
kāmgaru (allative singular)
kāmïn (instrumental singular)
kāmča (equative singular)
kāmlayu (singular)
kāmlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: юмӑҫ (jumăś)

Proto-Common Turkic: *kām

Oghuz:

Turkish: kam

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (kām)

→ Persian: قام (qâm)

Kipchak:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: кам (kam)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

⇒ Dolgan: камнаа (kamnaa)

⇒ Yakut: хамнаа (qamnaa), хамсаа (qamsaa)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: һам (ham)

Tuvan: хам (xam)

Yeniseian:

Khakas: хам (xam)

Shor: қам (qam)


tur-

Oghur:

Chuvash: тӑр (tăr)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: turmaq

Proto-Oghuz: *dur-

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: طورمق (durmaq), در (-dur, -dür)

Azerbaijani: durmaq, -dir

Gagauz: durmaa, -dir

Ottoman Turkish: طورمق (durmak)

Turkish: durmak, -dir

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: durmak

Karluk:

Uyghur: تۇرماق (turmaq)

Uzbek: turmoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: тороу (torow)

Tatar: туру (turu)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: turmaq

Karachay-Balkar: турарга (turarga)

Kumyk: турмакъ (turmaq)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (tur-)

Kazakh: тұру (tūru)

Nogai: турув (turuv)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: туруу (turuu)

Southern Altai: турар (turar)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (tur-)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tur-)

Western Yugur: tur

North Siberian:

Dolgan: тур (tur)

Yakut: тур (tur)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: турар (turar), тур (tur)

Yenisei:

Khakas: турарға (turarğa)

Shor: турарға (turarğa)


ōyna-

trk-cmn-conj-head

ōynadačï ben, ōynamakčï ben, ōynayačak ben

ōynadačï sen, ōynamakčï sen, ōynayačak sen

ōynadačï biz, ōynamakčï biz, ōynayačak biz

ōynadačï siz, ōynamakčï siz, ōynayačak siz

ōynamak (infinitive)
ōynagan (participle present)
ōynagma (participle present)
ōynar (participle present)
ōynaduk (participle past)
ōynamïš (participle past)
ōynadačï (future participle)
ōynamakčï (future participle)
ōynasïk (future participle)
ōynayačak (future participle)
ōynama (noun-from-verb)
ōynag (noun-from-verb)
ōynagu (noun-from-verb)
ōynaš (adverbial)
ōynar ben (aorist indicative singular)
ōynar sen (aorist indicative singular)
ōynar (aorist indicative singular)
ōynar biz (aorist indicative plural)
ōynar siz (aorist indicative plural)
ōynar (aorist indicative plural)
ōynadïm (indicative past singular)
ōynadïŋ (indicative past singular)
ōynadï (indicative past singular)
ōynadïk (indicative past plural)
ōynadïmïz (indicative past plural)
ōynadïŋïz (indicative past plural)
ōynadï (indicative past plural)
ōynamïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
ōynamïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
ōynamïš (indicative inferential past singular)
ōynamïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
ōynamïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
ōynamïš (indicative inferential past plural)
ōynadačï ben (future indicative singular)
ōynamakčï ben (future indicative singular)
ōynayačak ben (future indicative singular)
ōynadačï sen (future indicative singular)
ōynamakčï sen (future indicative singular)
ōynayačak sen (future indicative singular)
ōynadačï (future indicative singular)
ōynamakčï (future indicative singular)
ōynayačak (future indicative singular)
ōynadačï biz (future indicative plural)
ōynamakčï biz (future indicative plural)
ōynayačak biz (future indicative plural)
ōynadačï siz (future indicative plural)
ōynamakčï siz (future indicative plural)
ōynayačak siz (future indicative plural)
ōynadačï (future indicative plural)
ōynamakčï (future indicative plural)
ōynayačak (future indicative plural)
ōynagay ben (future indicative singular)
ōynagay sen (future indicative singular)
ōynagay (future indicative singular)
ōynagay biz (future indicative plural)
ōynagay siz (future indicative plural)
ōynagay (future indicative plural)
ōynasïkïm (future indicative singular)
ōynasïkïŋ (future indicative singular)
ōynasïk (future indicative singular)
ōynasïkïmïz (future indicative plural)
ōynasïkïŋïz (future indicative plural)
ōynasïk (future indicative plural)
ōynasam (conditional singular)
ōynasar ben (conditional singular)
ōynasaŋ (conditional singular)
ōynasar sen (conditional singular)
ōynasa (conditional singular)
ōynasar (conditional singular)
ōynasak (conditional plural)
ōynasamïz (conditional plural)
ōynasar biz (conditional plural)
ōynasaŋïz (conditional plural)
ōynasar siz (conditional plural)
ōynasalar (conditional plural)
ōynasar (conditional plural)
ōynagay ben (optative singular)
ōynagay sen (optative singular)
ōynagay (optative singular)
ōynagay biz (optative plural)
ōynagay siz (optative plural)
ōynagay (optative plural)
ōynamakda ben (progressive singular)
ōynamakda sen (progressive singular)
ōynamakda (progressive singular)
ōynamakda biz (plural progressive)
ōynamakda siz (plural progressive)
ōynamakda (plural progressive)
ōynamalïg ben (necessitative singular)
ōynamalïg sen (necessitative singular)
ōynamalïg (necessitative singular)
ōynamalïg biz (necessitative plural)
ōynamalïg siz (necessitative plural)
ōynamalïg (necessitative plural)
ōynayayïn (imperative singular)
ōyna (imperative singular)
ōynagïl (imperative singular)
ōynazun (imperative singular)
ōynayalïm (imperative plural)
ōynayïŋ (imperative plural)
ōynazun (imperative plural)
ōynamamak (infinitive negative)
ōynamagan (negative participle present)
ōynamagma (negative participle present)
ōynamaz (negative participle present)
ōynamaduk (negative participle past)
ōynamamïš (negative participle past)
ōynamačï (future negative participle)
ōynamasïk (future negative participle)
ōynamayačak (future negative participle)
ōynamama (negative noun-from-verb)
ōynamag (negative noun-from-verb)
ōynamagu (negative noun-from-verb)
ōynamaš (adverbial negative)
ōynamaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
ōynamaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
ōynamaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
ōynamaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
ōynamaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
ōynamaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
ōynamadïm (indicative negative past singular)
ōynamadïŋ (indicative negative past singular)
ōynamadï (indicative negative past singular)
ōynamadïk (indicative negative past plural)
ōynamadïmïz (indicative negative past plural)
ōynamadïŋïz (indicative negative past plural)
ōynamadï (indicative negative past plural)
ōynamamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
ōynamamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
ōynamamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
ōynamamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
ōynamamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
ōynamamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
ōynamačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
ōynamayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
ōynamačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
ōynamayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
ōynamačï (future indicative negative singular)
ōynamayačak (future indicative negative singular)
ōynamačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
ōynamayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
ōynamačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
ōynamayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
ōynamačï (future indicative negative plural)
ōynamayačak (future indicative negative plural)
ōynamagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
ōynamagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
ōynamagay (future indicative negative singular)
ōynamagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
ōynamagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
ōynamagay (future indicative negative plural)
ōynamasïkïm (future indicative negative singular)
ōynamasïkïŋ (future indicative negative singular)
ōynamasïk (future indicative negative singular)
ōynamasïkïmïz (future indicative negative plural)
ōynamasïkïŋïz (future indicative negative plural)
ōynamasïk (future indicative negative plural)
ōynamasam (conditional negative singular)
ōynamasar ben (conditional negative singular)
ōynamasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
ōynamasar sen (conditional negative singular)
ōynamasa (conditional negative singular)
ōynamasar (conditional negative singular)
ōynamasak (conditional negative plural)
ōynamasamïz (conditional negative plural)
ōynamasar biz (conditional negative plural)
ōynamasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
ōynamasar siz (conditional negative plural)
ōynamasalar (conditional negative plural)
ōynamasar (conditional negative plural)
ōynamagay ben (negative optative singular)
ōynamagay sen (negative optative singular)
ōynamagay (negative optative singular)
ōynamagay biz (negative optative plural)
ōynamagay siz (negative optative plural)
ōynamagay (negative optative plural)
ōynamamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
ōynamamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
ōynamamakda (negative progressive singular)
ōynamamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
ōynamamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
ōynamamakda (negative plural progressive)
ōynamamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
ōynamamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
ōynamamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
ōynamamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
ōynamamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
ōynamamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
ōynamayayïn (imperative negative singular)
ōynama (imperative negative singular)
ōynamagïl (imperative negative singular)
ōynamazun (imperative negative singular)
ōynamayalïm (imperative negative plural)
ōynamayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
ōynamazun (imperative negative plural)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: oynamaq

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: oynamaq

Ottoman Turkish: اوینامق (oynamak)

Turkish: oynamak

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: oýnamak

Karluk:

Uyghur: ئوينىماق (oynimaq)

Uzbek: oʻynamoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: уйнау (uynaw)

Tatar: уйнау (uynaw)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: oynamaq

Kumyk: ойнамакъ (oynamaq)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (oyna-)

Kazakh: ойнау (oinau)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: ойноо (oynoo)

Southern Altai: ойноор (oynoor)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: wynʾ- (oyna-)

North Siberian:

desc

Dolgan: оойноо (ooynoo), оойньоо (ooyńoo)

Yakut: оонньоо (oonnyoo)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: ойнаар (oynaar)

Yenisei:

Khakas: ойнирға (oynirğa)

Shor: турарға (turarğa)


bāĺ

bāĺ (nominative singular)
bāĺïg (accusative singular)
bāĺnï (accusative singular)
bāĺnïŋ (genitive singular)
bāĺka (dative singular)
bāĺda (locative singular)
bāĺdan (ablative singular)
bāĺgaru (allative singular)
bāĺïn (instrumental singular)
bāĺča (equative singular)
bāĺlayu (singular)
bāĺlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghuz:

Ottoman Turkish: باش (baş)

Turkish: baş

Turkmen: bāş

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (bāş)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: bʾš

North Siberian:

Dolgan: баас

Yakut: баас (baas)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: баис (bais)

EDAL reconstructs it as *bāĺč on the basis of Chuvash пиҫĕк (piśĕk, “inflammation”), however per Yegorov and Fedotov, that is from пиҫ (piś, “to cook”) from *biĺč-.


yaŋïl-

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: یاڭلمق (yañılmak)
Turkish: yanılmak

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰭𐰞 (yaŋïl-)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak

desc

⇒ Bashkir: яңылышыу (yañılışıw)

⇒ Bashkir: яңылышыу (yañılışıw)

⇒ Tatar: ялгышу (yalgışu)

West Kipchak

Kumyk: янгылмакъ (yañılmaq)

South Kipchak

Kazakh: жаңылу (jañylu)

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: жаңылуу (jaŋıluu)

Proto-Common Turkic: *yaŋlïš

Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: yanlış

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: یاكلیش (yañlış), یاڭلش (yañlış)
Turkish: yanlış
→ Albanian: janglaish
→ Aromanian: ianglãshi, ianglãshe, ianglãshã
→ Bulgarian: янлъш (janlǎš)
→ Macedonian: јанлаш (janlaš), јалнаш (jalnaš)
→ Serbo-Croatian: ја̀нлиш /jànliš

Turkmen: ýalňyş

Karluk:

Uzbek: yanglish

Kipchak:

North Kipchak

Bashkir: яңылыш (yañılış)

Tatar: ялгыш (yalgış)

West Kipchak

Crimean Tatar: yañlış

desc

Kumyk: янгылыш (yañılış)

Kumyk: янгылыш (yañılış)

South Kipchak

Kazakh: жаңылыс (jañylys)

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: жаңылыш (jaŋılış)

⇒ Southern Altai: јаҥылчы (ǰaŋïlčï)

Proto-Common Turkic: *yaŋluk

Siberian

Old Turkic: [script needed] (yaŋluk)

(intransitive) to mistake, make an error, be wrong


bït

Oghur:

Chuvash: пыйтӑ (pyjt̬ă)

Arghu:

Khalaj: bit

Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: bit

Ottoman Turkish: بت (bit), بیت (bit)

Turkish: bit

Turkmen: bit

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بِتْ (bit)

Uyghur: پىت (pit)

Uzbek: bit

Kipchak:

Kipchak–Bulgar:

Bashkir: бет (bet)

Tatar: бет (bet), bet

Kipchak–Nogai:

Kazakh: бит (bit)

Nogai: бийт (biyt)

Kyrgyz–Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: бит (bit)

Southern Altai: бийт (biyt)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: бит, bit

Karaim: бит

Krymchak: бит

Siberian:

Northern Siberian:

Yakut: быт (bıt)

South Siberian:

Tuvan: быт (bıt)

Yenisei:

Shor: пит (pit)


keleŕ

keleŕ (nominative singular)
keleŕig (accusative singular)
keleŕni (accusative singular)
keleŕniŋ (genitive singular)
keleŕke (dative singular)
keleŕde (locative singular)
keleŕden (ablative singular)
keleŕgerü (allative singular)
keleŕin (instrumental singular)
keleŕče (equative singular)
keleŕleyü (singular)
keleŕligü (comitative singular)

Oghur: *kelte

Chuvash: калта (kalt̬a)

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: kələz

Turkish: kelez (dialectal)

⇒? Turkish: keler

Kipchak:

Mamluk-Kipchak: كلاز (käläz)

Kazakh: келес (keles)

Karluk:

Chagatai: كلاس (keles)

Uyghur: [script needed] (kilär)

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *keleŕ-ge

Kipchak:

Southern Altai: келески (keleski)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: 𐽷𐽰𐽻𐽶𐾁𐽷𐽳 (kʾsylkw /käsilgü/)

Western Yugur: kiselkə

Khakas: килеске (kileske)

Tuvan: хелеске (xeleske)

Shor: келескен (kelesken)

Probably borrowed from Proto-Yeniseian *kʷetʳ-ja (“frog, lizard”) around the time of the Xiōngnú Confederacy, from an Arinic language, for which compare Arin kere (“frog”) and Ket ъʼль (ʌˀlʲ, “frog”).
Traditionally explained as a Turkic native term, in light of Cypriot Turkish kelte and Chuvash калта (kalt̬a), some suggest a hypothetical *kel- root, however considering attestation and morphology, this is quite unlikely as there is no *-te suffix to speak of in Proto-Turkic.
Nişanyan suggests a borrowing from Persian کلته (kalte, “lame”), compare also Kazakh келтә (keltä, “short”) from Persian.


tāl-

Common Turkic:

Proto-Oghuz: *dāl-

West Oghuz:

desctree

Old Anatolian Turkish: طالمق (dalmaq, “to dive”), دالمق (dalmaq)
Azerbaijani: dalmaq
Gagauz: dalmaa
Ottoman Turkish: طالمق (dalmak), دالمق (dalmak)
Turkish: dalmak
→ Armenian: տալմիշ (talmiš), դալմիշ (dalmiš)

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: dālmak (dial)

North Kipchak:

Tatar: талау (talaw) (dial)

West Kipchak:

Karaim: [script needed] (dal-)

𐱃𐰞𐰆𐰖

*tāluy (“sea, ocean”) (if not < MC 大灅 (dầj-lwi)); Old Turkic


bȫl-

Arghu:

Khalaj: bö̂lmək

Karluk:

Uyghur: بۆلمەك (bölmek)

Uzbek: boʻlmoq

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: бөлу (bölu)

Nogai: боьлуьв (bölüv)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: бөлүү (bölüü)

Southern Altai: бӧлӧр (bölör)

Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: bölmək

Ottoman Turkish: بولمك (bölmek)

Turkish: bölmek

Turkmen: bölmek


eŋ

*eŋ *bedük.


eŋ

Oghur:

Chuvash: ĕм- (ĕm-)

Proto-Common Turkic: *eŋ

Proto-Oghuz: *eŋ

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: اَكْ (äŋ)

Azerbaijani: ən

Ottoman Turkish: اڭ (eñ)
Turkish: en

Gagauz: en

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: iň

Karluk:

Uzbek: eng

Uyghur: ئەڭ (eng)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: иң (iñ)

Tatar: иң (iñ)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: eñ

Karachay-Balkar: эм (em)

Kumyk: инг (iñ)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: ең (eñ)

Karakalpak: ең (eŋ)

Nogai: энъ (éñ)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: эң (eŋ)

Southern Altai: эҥ (eŋ)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰭 (ŋ /eŋ/)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (eŋ)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tofa: эӈ (eŋ)

Tuvan: эң (eñ)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: иң (iñ)

Northern Altai: энъ (enʺ)


kömürgen

kömürgen (nominative singular)
kömürgenig (accusative singular)
kömürgenni (accusative singular)
kömürgenniŋ (genitive singular)
kömürgenke (dative singular)
kömürgende (locative singular)
kömürgenden (ablative singular)
kömürgengerü (allative singular)
kömürgenin (instrumental singular)
kömürgenče (equative singular)
kömürgenleyü (singular)
kömürgenligü (comitative singular)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish: كومرن (kömüren)

Turkish: kömüren

Gagauz: kömüren

Kipchak:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: көбүргөн (köbürgön)

Southern Altai: кӧбӱрген (köbürgen)

Karluk:

desc

Karakhanid: [script needed] (kövürgen), [script needed] (kömürgen), [script needed] (kevürken)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yeniseian:

Khakas: кӧбiрген

Shor: кӧбӱрген (köbürgen)

Sayan:

Tofa: көгирҺен (kögirhen)

Tuvan: көгүрөн (kögürön) (dial.)

From *kömür + *-gen, the root word of which is obscure and may be a borrowing, Clauson suggests that Proto-Mongolic *kömeli (“wild onion”) may be borrowed from the same source.
The medial consonant is uncertain, descendants suggest either the consonant *-b- or *-m-. Some sources also reconstruct the first vowel as *-e- instead of *-ö- due to an instance of kewürken in the DLT.


bodun

bodun (nominative singular)
bodunug (accusative singular)
bodunnï (accusative singular)
bodunnuŋ (genitive singular)
bodunka (dative singular)
bodunda (locative singular)
bodundan (ablative singular)
bodungaru (allative singular)
bodunun (instrumental singular)
bodunča (equative singular)
bodunlayu (singular)
bodunlugu (comitative singular)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بُذُونْ (buδūn)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣 (bodun)

Old Uyghur: pwdwn (bodun)

Most probably from *bod (“kin, tribe”) + *-un (“ancient plural-forming suffix”).


siŋir

siŋir (nominative singular)
siŋirig (accusative singular)
siŋirni (accusative singular)
siŋirniŋ (genitive singular)
siŋirke (dative singular)
siŋirde (locative singular)
siŋirden (ablative singular)
siŋirgerü (allative singular)
siŋirin (instrumental singular)
siŋirče (equative singular)
siŋirleyü (singular)
siŋirligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: шӑнӑр (šănăr)

Common Turkic:

Proto-Oghuz: *siŋir

West Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: sinir

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: سڭیر (siŋir), سكر (siñir), سینیر (sinir)
Turkish: sinir
→ Armenian: սինիր (sinir), սընըր (sənər)

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: siňir

Karluk:

Karakhanid: سِنکِرْ (siŋir)

Uyghur: سىڭىر (si'ngir)

Uzbek: singir

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һеңер (heñer)

Tatar: сеңер (señer)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: siñir

Karachay-Balkar: сингир (siñir)

Kumyk: сингир (siñir)

South Kipchak:

Nogai: синъир (siñir)

Kazakh: сіңір (sıñır)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: сиңир (siŋir)

Southern Altai: сиҥир (siŋir)

Teleut: сиңир (siŋir)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (siŋir)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: иҥиир (iñiir)

Yakut: иҥиир (iñiir)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: сиир (siir)

Tuvan: сиир (siir)

Yeniseian:

Khakas: сиир (siir)

Possibly related to Proto-Mongolic *sindasun (“sinew”), whence also Mongolian шандас (šandas).


öd(r)eŋi

ödeŋi (canonical)
ödeŋi (nominative singular)
ödreŋi (nominative singular)
ödeŋiig (accusative singular)
ödreŋiig (accusative singular)
ödeŋini (accusative singular)
ödreŋini (accusative singular)
ödeŋiniŋ (genitive singular)
ödreŋiniŋ (genitive singular)
ödeŋike (dative singular)
ödreŋike (dative singular)
ödeŋide (locative singular)
ödreŋide (locative singular)
ödeŋiden (ablative singular)
ödreŋiden (ablative singular)
ödeŋigerü (allative singular)
ödreŋigerü (allative singular)
ödeŋiin (instrumental singular)
ödreŋiin (instrumental singular)
ödeŋiče (equative singular)
ödreŋiče (equative singular)
ödeŋileyü (singular)
ödreŋileyü (singular)
ödeŋiligü (comitative singular)
ödreŋiligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: вӗрене (vĕrene)

Common Turkic:

Karluk:

Uyghur: ئېرەن (ëren)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: өйәңкә (öyəñkə)

Tatar: өрәңге (öräñge)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: örge

Karachay-Balkar: юрге (yurge)

Kumyk: уьрге (ürge)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: үйеңкі (üieñkı)


tekiŕ

Oghur:

Chuvash: тагӑр (tagăr)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: tekīz

Karluk:

Uzbek: tekis

Uyghur: تېكىس (tëkis)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: тигеҙ (tigeź)

Tatar: тигез (tigez)

→ Chuvash: тикӗс (tik̬ĕs)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: тегіс (tegıs)

Karakalpak: тегис (tegis)

Nogai: тегис (tegis)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: тегиз (tegiz)

Siberian:

Northern Altai: тегис (tegis)


sögil

sögil (nominative singular)
sögilig (accusative singular)
sögilni (accusative singular)
sögilniŋ (genitive singular)
sögilke (dative singular)
sögilde (locative singular)
sögilden (ablative singular)
sögilgerü (allative singular)
sögilin (instrumental singular)
sögilče (equative singular)
sögilleyü (singular)
sögilligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: шӑклӑ (šăklă)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: siyil

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: ziyil
→ Persian: زگیل (zegil)

Ottoman Turkish: سگیل (siğil)

Turkish: siğil

Salar: süle, süli

Turkmen: siňňil

Karluk:

Uzbek: soʻgal

→ Tajik: севол (sevol)

Uyghur: سۆگەل (sögel)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һөйәл (höyəl)

Tatar: сөял (söyal)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: сюел (süyel)

South Kipchak:

Nogai: шүйел

Kazakh: сүйел (süiel)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: сөөл (sööl)

Southern Altai: сӧӧл (sööl)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (sögöl)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tofa: сөөл (sööl)

Tuvan: сөөл (sööl)

Yenisei:

Khakas: сӧӧл


čortan

čortan (nominative singular)
čortanïg (accusative singular)
čortannï (accusative singular)
čortannïŋ (genitive singular)
čortanka (dative singular)
čortanda (locative singular)
čortandan (ablative singular)
čortangaru (allative singular)
čortanïn (instrumental singular)
čortanča (equative singular)
čortanlayu (singular)
čortanlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫӑртан (śărt̬an)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Proto-Oghuz: *čortan

West Oghuz:

Turkish: çortan

Karluk:

Uyghur: چورتان (chortan)

Uzbek: choʻrtan

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: суртан (surtan)

Tatar: чуртан (çurtan)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: чортан (çortan)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: шортан (şortan)

Nogai: шортан (şortan)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: чортон (corton)

Southern Altai: чортон (čorton)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Dolgan: һордоҥ (hordoñ)

Yakut: сордоҥ (sordoñ)

South Siberian:

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: сортан (sortan)

Shor: шортан (şortan)

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: шортан (şortan)

Likely comparable to Proto-Mongolic *curukaï (“pike”) and Proto-Tungusic *čōr- (“pike”). Thus, analyzable as *čor- + *-tan.
Compare Mongolian цурхай (curxaj, “pike”) and Solon соралди (soraldi, “pike”).


ukruk

ukruk (nominative singular)
ukrukug (accusative singular)
ukruknï (accusative singular)
ukruknuŋ (genitive singular)
ukrukka (dative singular)
ukrukda (locative singular)
ukrukdan (ablative singular)
ukrukgaru (allative singular)
ukrukun (instrumental singular)
ukrukča (equative singular)
ukruklayu (singular)
ukruklugu (comitative singular)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: ukuruk

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اُقْرُقْ (uqruq)

Uyghur: [script needed] (oquruq)

Uzbek: qoʻruq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡороҡ (qoroq)

Tatar: курык (qurıq)

Central Kipchak:

Kazakh: құрық (qūryq)

Nogai: [script needed] (qurıq)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: укурук (ukuruk)

Southern Altai: урук (uruk)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

desc

Yakut: оҕуур (oğuur, “lasso”), оҕурук (oğuruk, “fetter”)

→ Proto-Mongolic: *uxurga (“lasso pole”)

Doerfer suggests three possibilities:
* Related to *uruk, however Clauson doesn't connect the two on the basis of semantics and morphology.
* A compound *ok (“arrow”) + *uruk (“rope”).
* A diminutive from *okur ~ *ukur based on Yakut оҕуур (oğuur, “lasso”).


urkan

urkan (nominative singular)
urkanïg (accusative singular)
urkannï (accusative singular)
urkannïŋ (genitive singular)
urkanka (dative singular)
urkanda (locative singular)
urkandan (ablative singular)
urkangaru (allative singular)
urkanïn (instrumental singular)
urkanča (equative singular)
urkanlayu (singular)
urkanlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: urğan (dial.)

Ottoman Turkish: اورغان (urgan)

Gagauz: urgan

Turkish: urgan

Salar: urqan

Turkmen: urgan

→ Karakalpak: [script needed] (urqan)

From *ur- (“to hit; to place”) + *-gan. Cognate with *uruk (“rope”). According to Clauson, unrelated to *ȫrk and *ȫrken which are instead from *ȫr- (“to plait”). Relation to *arkan (“rope”) is uncertain.


kibente

kibente (nominative singular)
kibenteig (accusative singular)
kibenteni (accusative singular)
kibenteniŋ (genitive singular)
kibenteke (dative singular)
kibentede (locative singular)
kibenteden (ablative singular)
kibentegerü (allative singular)
kibentein (instrumental singular)
kibenteče (equative singular)
kibenteleyü (singular)
kibenteligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: кӗвенте (kĕvent̬e)

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: күйенте (küiente)

Nort Kipchak:

Bashkir: көйәнтә (köyəntə)

Tatar: көянтә (köyantä)


kï̄n

kï̄n (nominative singular)
kï̄nïg (accusative singular)
kï̄nnï (accusative singular)
kï̄nnïŋ (genitive singular)
kï̄nka (dative singular)
kï̄nda (locative singular)
kï̄ndan (ablative singular)
kï̄ngaru (allative singular)
kï̄nïn (instrumental singular)
kï̄nča (equative singular)
kï̄nlayu (singular)
kï̄nlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: йӗнӗ (jĕnĕ)

Common Turkic:

Proto-Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: qın

Ottoman Turkish: قین (kın)

Turkish: kın

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: gyn

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (qın)

Uyghur: قىن (qin)

Uzbek: qin

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡын (qın)

Tatar: кын (qın)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: qın

Karaim: kyn

Karachay-Balkar: къын (qın)

Kumyk: къын (qın)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: qın

Kazakh: қын (qyn)

Nogai: кын (kın)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кын (kın)

Southern Altai: кын (kïn)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (qïn)

Western Yugur: qïn

Northern Altai: кын (kïn)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: кыын (kıın)

Yakut: кыын (kıın)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tofa: һын (hın)

Tuvan: хын (xın)

Yenisei:

Khakas: хын (xın)

Shor: қын (qın)


bütegü

From Proto-Turkic *büt- (“to end, finish”) + *-egü.


bütegü

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: bütöv, bitev (dial.), pütöy (dial.)

Ottoman Turkish: بیتوی (bitevi)

Turkish: bitevi

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: бөтәү (bötəw)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: бютеу (büteu)


bilegü

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: bülöv

Ottoman Turkish: بلگو (bileği, bileğü)

Turkish: bileği

Salar: bili

Turkmen: bilew


kaĺčï-

Oghur:

Chuvash: хыҫ (hyś)

Proto-Common Turkic: *qašï-

Arghu:

Khalaj: qaşımaq

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qaşımaq

Ottoman Turkish: قاشيمق (kaşımak)

Turkish: kaşımak

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: gaşamak

Karluk:

Uzbek: qashimoq

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: кыһый (kıhıy)


kodurčuk

kodurčuk (nominative singular)
kodurčukug (accusative singular)
kodurčuknï (accusative singular)
kodurčuknuŋ (genitive singular)
kodurčukka (dative singular)
kodurčukda (locative singular)
kodurčukdan (ablative singular)
kodurčukgaru (allative singular)
kodurčukun (instrumental singular)
kodurčukča (equative singular)
kodurčuklayu (singular)
kodurčuklugu (comitative singular)

Common Turkic:

Proto-Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: kavırçak, korçak, koğurçak (all are dial.)

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: gurjak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: قُذُرْجُقْ (quδurčuq)

Chagatai: [script needed] (qoğurcaq), [script needed] (qavur), [script needed] (qavurčağ), [script needed] (qavucaq)

Uyghur: قورچاق (qorchaq)

Uzbek: qoʻgʻirchoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡурсаҡ (qursaq)

Tatar: курчак (qurçaq)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: къурчакъ (qurçaq)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (quvırşaq)

Kazakh: қуыршақ (quyrşaq)

Nogai: кувыршак (kuvırşak)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: куурчак (kuurcak)

Southern Altai: корчок (korčok)

* According to Tekin, from *koduŕ (“woman”) + *-čuk (“diminutive suffix”). However, the word seems to have more specifically referred to widows, as opposed to women in general, which makes it semantically dubious.
* Authors of EDAL under the discredited Altaic theory, citing Räsänen's construction of this form with a velar rather than an alveolar-dental sound in the second syllable, reconstruct this word as *kagurčak, assuming the Chagatai and Uzbek forms with *-g- to be the original sound and connect the word with Proto-Tungusic *xakukan (“doll”) and Japanese 傀儡 (kugutsu, “doll”). However a sound change *-g- → -d- is otherwise not found in Karakhanid, which is explained by the same authors as a phonetic aberration.
Relation with *kāparčak (“blister, pustule”), which came to also be used for "doll" in Karakhanid is uncertain, perhaps a conflation of the two terms or coincidence.


-zün

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: ـسن (-sun, -sün)

Azerbaijani: -sin, -sın, -sun, -sün

Gagauz: -sin, -sın, -sun, -sün

desc

Ottoman Turkish: ـسن (-sın, -sin, -sun, -sün)

Turkish: -sin, -sın, -sun, -sün

Turkmen: -sin, -syn, -sun, -sün

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Bulgar:

Bashkir: -һен (-hen), -һын (-hın), -һон (-hon), -һөн (-hön)

Tatar: -сен (-sen), -сын (-sın)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: -sın, -sin

Karachay-Balkar: -син (-sin), -сын (-sın), -сун (-sun), -сюн (-sün)

Kumyk: -син (-sin), -сын (-sın), -сун (-sun), -сюн (-sün)

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: -сін (-sın), -сын (-syn)

Nogai: -син (-sin), -сын (-sın)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: -син (-sin), -сын (-sın), -сун (-sun), -сүн (-sün)

seb- (“to love”) + *-zün → *sebzün (“let it love!”)

(Common Turkic) Suffix forming third-person singular imperative.

-eyin

suffix forming first-person singular imperative

-gil

suffix forming second-person singular imperative

-elim

suffix forming first-person plural imperative

-iŋ

suffix forming second-person plural imperative


-elim

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: -alım, -elim

Turkmen: -alyň, -eliň

Siberian Turkic:

Old Turkic: 𐰠𐰢 (l²m), 𐰞𐰢 (l¹m)

Old Uyghur: -𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽹 (-ʾlym)

seb- (“to love”) + *-elim → *sebelim (“Let us love!”)

(Common Turkic) Suffix forming first-person plural imperative


-eyin

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

>? Azerbaijani: -im, -ım

>? Turkish: -eyim, -ayım (possibly, instead from *-gey + -im)

Turkmen: -aýyn, -eýin

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Bulgar:

Bashkir: -айым (-ayım), -әйем (-əyem), -йым (-yım), -йем (-yem)

Tatar: -ыйм (-ıym), -им (-im)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: -ayım, -eyim, -yım, -yim

Karachay-Balkar: -айым (-ayım), -ейим (-yeyim), -йым (-yım), -йим (-yim)

Kumyk: -айым (-ayım), -ейим (-yeyim), -йым (-yım), -йим (-yim)

Kipchak-Nogai:

Karakalpak: -айын, -ейин, -йын, -йин

Kazakh: -айын (-aiyn), -ейін (-eiın), -йын (-iyn), -йін (-iın)

Nogai: -айым (-ayım), -ейим (-yeyim), -йым (-yım), -йим (-yim)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: -айын (-ayın), -ейин (-yeyin), -йын (-yın), -йин (-yin)

Siberian Turkic:

Old Turkic: 𐰘𐰤 (y²n²), 𐰖𐰣 (y¹n¹)

Old Uyghur: -𐽰𐽶𐽶𐽺 (-ʾyyn)

North Siberian Turkic:

>? Yakut: -ыым (-ıım), -иим (-iim), -уум (-uum), -үүм (-üüm)

seb- (“to love”) + *-eyin → *sebeyin (“I must love!”)

(Common Turkic) Suffix forming first-person singular imperative


-gil

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: ـكل (-gil)

Classical Azerbaijani: -gilen

Azerbaijani: -ginen, -ynen (dial.), -gilen, -gile (South Azerbaijani)

Turkmeneli Turkic: -ginen

Ottoman Turkish: ـكل (-gil)

Turkish: -gilen, -gilene (dialect in Dulkadirli, Kırşehir)

Salar: -gil

Turkmen: -gin (dial.)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (-gil), [script needed] (-ğıl)

Chagatai: [script needed] (gil), [script needed] (-gin)

Uyghur: [script needed] (-gil), [script needed] (-gin)

Uzbek: -gil, -gin

Kipchak: [script needed] (-gil)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: -ҡыла (-qıla), -келе (-kele) (dial.)

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: -гін (-gın), -ғын (-ğyn)

South Kipchak:

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: -гыла (-gıla), -гула (-gula) (dial.)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰏𐰠 (-gil)

Old Uyghur: -gyl (-gil)

ẹĺit- (“to listen”) + *-gil → *ẹĺitgil (“Listen!”)

(Common Turkic) Forms the second-person singular imperative.

-zün

suffix forming third-person singular imperative


-gil

üč (“three”) + *-gil → *üčgil (“triangle, three sided”)

baĺč (“head”) + *-gil → *baĺčgïl (“a quadruped with a white head”)


-galï

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: -alı, -eli

Kypchak:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: -қалы (-qaly), -ғалы (-ğaly), -келі (-kelı), -гелі (-gelı)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰏𐰠𐰃 (-geli)

olur- (“to sit”) + *-galï → *olurgalï (“Since he/she/it had sit.”)

Suffix forming verbal adverb denoting the amount of time that has passed since the starting of the verb.

öl- (“to die”) + *-galï → *ölgeli (“mortal”)

Suffix forming verbal adverb denoting the purpose of a verb.


-matï

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: -meden, -madan

*-meti (alternative)
*-matïn (alternative)
*-metin (alternative)

olur- (“to sit”) + *-matï → *olurmatï (“Without sitting.”)

Forms converbs with negative connotations or without the verb


-gučï

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: -ici, -ıcı, -ucu, -ücü, -yici, -yıcı, -yucu, -yücü

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: -ici, -ıcı, -ucu, -ücü, -yici, -yıcı, -yucu, -yücü, -giç, -gıç, -guç, -güç

Salar: -güci, -ğuci

From Proto-Turkic *-gü + *-či. Comparable to Proto-Mongolic *-xečin.

ay- (“to speak”) + *-gučï → *aygučï (“speaker”)


emgekle-

Common Turkic:

Proto-Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (emekle-)

Turkish: emeklemek (“to crawl”)

Salar: ömüklegüsi

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (emgeklenmek)

Chagatai: [script needed] (emgekle-)

Uyghur: [script needed] (ömilimek)

Kipchak: [script needed] (emgekle-)

North Kipchak:

Tatar: имгәкләргә (imgäklärgä)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: еңбектеу (eñbekteu)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: эмгектөө (emgektöö)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ömgekle-)

From *emgek (“bother, worry, pains”) + *-le.


kegre-

Proto-Common Turkic: *...

Oghuz:

Ottoman Turkish: گورمك

Turkish: gevremek

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: күйреу (küireu)

(intransitive) to weaken, to become loose


kegrek

Common Turkic:

West Oghuz:

Turkish: gevrek

Azerbaijani: kövrək

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: кӱӱрек (küürek, “weak”)

From *kegre- (“to weaken, to become loose”) + *-k


ȫgey

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: ögey

desc

Ottoman Turkish: اووی (üvey), اوگی (üğey), اویكی (üveyi)

Turkish: üvey

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: öweý

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اُكایْ (ögey)

Uyghur: ئۆگەي (ögey)

Uzbek: oʻgay

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: үгәй (ügəy)

Tatar: үги (ügi)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: өгей (ögei)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: өгөй (ögöy)

Southern Altai: ӧй (öy)

Kipchak-Kuman:

Crimean Tatar: ögey

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yeniseian:

Khakas: ӧӧй

From *ȫg (“mind; mother”) + *-gey, literally "mother-y".


ȫgsiz

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: اُوكْسُزْ (ögsüz)

Azerbaijani: öksüz

Gagauz: üüsüz

Ottoman Turkish: اوكسز (öksüz, öğsüz)

Turkish: öksüz

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: үкһеҙ (ükheź)

Tatar: үксез (üksez)

South Kipchak:

Kipchak-Nogai:

Nogai: оьксиз (öksiz)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: өксүз (öksüz)

Southern Altai: ӧксӱс (öksüs)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: öksüz

Karachay-Balkar: ёксюз (yoksüz)

Kumyk: оьксюз (öksüz)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰇𐰏𐰾𐰃𐰔 (ügs²iz /ögsiz/)

Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽻𐽳𐽴 (ögsüz)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tofa: өъскүс

Tofa: өъскүс

Tuvan: өскүс (ösküs)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: ӧкіс

From *ȫg (“mind; mother”) + *-siz, literally "motherless" or "mindless".


ȫg

ȫg (nominative singular)
ȫgüg (accusative singular)
ȫgni (accusative singular)
ȫgnüŋ (genitive singular)
ȫgke (dative singular)
ȫgde (locative singular)
ȫgden (ablative singular)
ȫggerü (allative singular)
ȫgün (instrumental singular)
ȫgče (equative singular)
ȫgleyü (singular)
ȫglügü (comitative singular)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

⇒ Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (öğlen-, “to gather thoughts”)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (ȫg)

⇒ Karakhanid: [script needed] (öglüg, “thoughtful”)

⇒ Karakhanid: [script needed] (ögsüz, “witless”)

Siberian:

⇒ Old Turkic: 𐰇𐰏𐰠𐰾 (ögleš-, “to council”)

Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽷 (ög, “mind”)

⇒ Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽺𐽹𐽰𐽷 (öglenmek, “to become concious”)

⇒ Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽻𐽳𐽴 (ögsüz, “witless”)

⇒ Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽻𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ögsiremek, “to faint”)

From *ȫ- (“to think, to be aware”) + *-g.