bul-

bulmak (infinitive)
bulgan (participle present)
bulugma (participle present)
bulur (participle present)
bulduk (participle past)
bulmïš (participle past)
buldačï (future participle)
bulmakčï (future participle)
bulsïk (future participle)
bulačak (future participle)
bulma (noun-from-verb)
bulug (noun-from-verb)
bulgu (noun-from-verb)
buluš (adverbial)
bulur ben (aorist indicative singular)
bulur sen (aorist indicative singular)
bulur (aorist indicative singular)
bulur biz (aorist indicative plural)
bulur siz (aorist indicative plural)
bulur (aorist indicative plural)
buldum (indicative past singular)
bulduŋ (indicative past singular)
buldï (indicative past singular)
bulduk (indicative past plural)
buldumuz (indicative past plural)
bulduŋuz (indicative past plural)
buldï (indicative past plural)
bulmïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
bulmïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
bulmïš (indicative inferential past singular)
bulmïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
bulmïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
bulmïš (indicative inferential past plural)
buldačï ben (future indicative singular)
bulmakčï ben (future indicative singular)
bulačak ben (future indicative singular)
buldačï sen (future indicative singular)
bulmakčï sen (future indicative singular)
bulačak sen (future indicative singular)
buldačï (future indicative singular)
bulmakčï (future indicative singular)
bulačak (future indicative singular)
buldačï biz (future indicative plural)
bulmakčï biz (future indicative plural)
bulačak biz (future indicative plural)
buldačï siz (future indicative plural)
bulmakčï siz (future indicative plural)
bulačak siz (future indicative plural)
buldačï (future indicative plural)
bulmakčï (future indicative plural)
bulačak (future indicative plural)
bulgay ben (future indicative singular)
bulgay sen (future indicative singular)
bulgay (future indicative singular)
bulgay biz (future indicative plural)
bulgay siz (future indicative plural)
bulgay (future indicative plural)
bulsukum (future indicative singular)
bulsukuŋ (future indicative singular)
bulsuk (future indicative singular)
bulsukumuz (future indicative plural)
bulsukuŋuz (future indicative plural)
bulsuk (future indicative plural)
bulsam (conditional singular)
bulsar ben (conditional singular)
bulsaŋ (conditional singular)
bulsar sen (conditional singular)
bulsa (conditional singular)
bulsar (conditional singular)
bulsak (conditional plural)
bulsamïz (conditional plural)
bulsar biz (conditional plural)
bulsaŋïz (conditional plural)
bulsar siz (conditional plural)
bulsalar (conditional plural)
bulsar (conditional plural)
bulgay ben (optative singular)
bulgay sen (optative singular)
bulgay (optative singular)
bulgay biz (optative plural)
bulgay siz (optative plural)
bulgay (optative plural)
bulmakda ben (progressive singular)
bulmakda sen (progressive singular)
bulmakda (progressive singular)
bulmakda biz (plural progressive)
bulmakda siz (plural progressive)
bulmakda (plural progressive)
bulmalïg ben (necessitative singular)
bulmalïg sen (necessitative singular)
bulmalïg (necessitative singular)
bulmalïg biz (necessitative plural)
bulmalïg siz (necessitative plural)
bulmalïg (necessitative plural)
bulayïn (imperative singular)
bul (imperative singular)
bulgïl (imperative singular)
bulzun (imperative singular)
bulalïm (imperative plural)
buluŋ (imperative plural)
bulzun (imperative plural)
bulmamak (infinitive negative)
bulmagan (negative participle present)
bulmagma (negative participle present)
bulmaz (negative participle present)
bulmaduk (negative participle past)
bulmamïš (negative participle past)
bulmačï (future negative participle)
bulmasïk (future negative participle)
bulmayačak (future negative participle)
bulmama (negative noun-from-verb)
bulmag (negative noun-from-verb)
bulmagu (negative noun-from-verb)
bulmayuš (adverbial negative)
bulmaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
bulmaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
bulmaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
bulmaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
bulmaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
bulmaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
bulmadum (indicative negative past singular)
bulmaduŋ (indicative negative past singular)
bulmadï (indicative negative past singular)
bulmaduk (indicative negative past plural)
bulmadumuz (indicative negative past plural)
bulmaduŋuz (indicative negative past plural)
bulmadï (indicative negative past plural)
bulmamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
bulmamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
bulmamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
bulmamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
bulmamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
bulmamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
bulmačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
bulmayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
bulmačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
bulmayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
bulmačï (future indicative negative singular)
bulmayačak (future indicative negative singular)
bulmačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
bulmayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
bulmačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
bulmayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
bulmačï (future indicative negative plural)
bulmayačak (future indicative negative plural)
bulmagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
bulmagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
bulmagay (future indicative negative singular)
bulmagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
bulmagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
bulmagay (future indicative negative plural)
bulmasukum (future indicative negative singular)
bulmasukuŋ (future indicative negative singular)
bulmasuk (future indicative negative singular)
bulmasukumuz (future indicative negative plural)
bulmasukuŋuz (future indicative negative plural)
bulmasuk (future indicative negative plural)
bulmasam (conditional negative singular)
bulmasar ben (conditional negative singular)
bulmasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
bulmasar sen (conditional negative singular)
bulmasa (conditional negative singular)
bulmasar (conditional negative singular)
bulmasak (conditional negative plural)
bulmasamïz (conditional negative plural)
bulmasar biz (conditional negative plural)
bulmasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
bulmasar siz (conditional negative plural)
bulmasalar (conditional negative plural)
bulmasar (conditional negative plural)
bulmagay ben (negative optative singular)
bulmagay sen (negative optative singular)
bulmagay (negative optative singular)
bulmagay biz (negative optative plural)
bulmagay siz (negative optative plural)
bulmagay (negative optative plural)
bulmamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
bulmamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
bulmamakda (negative progressive singular)
bulmamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
bulmamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
bulmamakda (negative plural progressive)
bulmamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
bulmamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
bulmamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
bulmamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
bulmamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
bulmamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
bulmayayïn (imperative negative singular)
bulma (imperative negative singular)
bulmagïl (imperative negative singular)
bulmazun (imperative negative singular)
bulmayalïm (imperative negative plural)
bulmayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
bulmazun (imperative negative plural)

Arghu:

Khalaj: bulmaq

Oghuz:

Proto-Oghuz: *bul-

Old Anatolian Turkish: بُولْمَقْ (bulmaq)

Azerbaijani: bulmaq

Gagauz: bulmaa

Ottoman Turkish: بولمق
Turkish: bulmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بُلْماقْ (bulmāq)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: بلماق (bulmaq)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: bulmaq

Karaim: [script needed] (bul-)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰉𐰆𐰞 (b¹ul¹ /bul/)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (bul-)

North Siberian:

Yakut: бул (bul)

Dolgan: бул (bul)


küneĺ

küneĺ (nominative singular)
küneĺig (accusative singular)
küneĺni (accusative singular)
küneĺniŋ (genitive singular)
küneĺke (dative singular)
küneĺde (locative singular)
küneĺden (ablative singular)
küneĺgerü (allative singular)
küneĺin (instrumental singular)
küneĺče (equative singular)
küneĺleyü (singular)
küneĺligü (comitative singular)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: künəş

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ajem Turkic:

Azerbaijani: günəş

Qashqai: گوٚنئس (günes)

Ottoman Turkish: كونش

Turkish: güneş

Gagauz: güneş

→ Crimean Tatar: küneş

→ Karaim: кӱнэш

→ Krymchak: [script needed] (günäš)

→ Kumyk: гюнеш (güneş)

→ Kipchak:

Bashkir: [script needed] (könäs)

→? Kyrgyz: күнөш (künöş)

→? Southern Altai: кӱнеш (küneš)

→ Chagatai:

Salar: güniş

Turkmen: güneş

Old Turkic:

Old Turkic: 𐰛𐰈𐰤𐰾 (küneš, “sunshine”)

From *kün (“the Sun, day”) + *-e- + *-ĺ. According to Nişanyan, although the verb *küne- is unattested, it could have existed with the meaning "to shine", compare *yaĺčuk (“sun”) from *yaĺču- (“to shine”).
Ünal, considering Proto-Mongolic *asa- (“to burn”) and Proto-Yeniseian *pʰal (“warm”) as Turkic borrowings, reconstructs an ad hoc *(h)āĺ ("heat") which is not found in any daughter language and considers this word to be a compound of it and *kün (“the Sun, day”).
Rasanen instead considers it as contamination of *kuńāĺ with *kün.
Whether *kuńāĺ (“sunny place”) is a secondary form of this or a distinct word is uncertain, with multiple sources claiming one or the other.


burgu

burgu (nominative singular)
burguug (accusative singular)
burgunï (accusative singular)
burgunuŋ (genitive singular)
burguka (dative singular)
burguda (locative singular)
burgudan (ablative singular)
burgugaru (allative singular)
burguun (instrumental singular)
burguča (equative singular)
burgulayu (singular)
burgulugu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: пӑрӑх (părăh)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Proto-Oghuz: *burɣu

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: boru

Ottoman Turkish: بورو (boru)

Turkish: boru

Karluk:

Karakhanid:

Khorezmian Turkic:

Chagatai:

Uzbek: moʻri, burgʻu

Uyghur: بۇرغا (burgha)

Kipchak:

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: борғо (borğo)

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: буру (buru, “guilt”)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (burğu)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

desc

Tuvan: мурғу (“pipe made of a plant stem”)

Yenisei:

Khakas: пырғы (pırğı, “hunting horn”)

From Proto-Turkic *bur- (“to bend”) + *-gu. Compared to Proto-Mongolic *bürijen (“trumpet, trumpet horn”).


āg

āg (nominative singular)
āgïg (accusative singular)
āgnï (accusative singular)
āgnïŋ (genitive singular)
āgka (dative singular)
āgda (locative singular)
āgdan (ablative singular)
āggaru (allative singular)
āgïn (instrumental singular)
āgča (equative singular)
āglayu (singular)
āglïgu (comitative singular)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (ağ)

Uzbek: av

Oghuz:

Ottoman Turkish: آغ (ağ)

Turkish: ağ

Turkmen: ag

Azerbaijani: ağ

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ау (aw)

Tatar: ав (aw)

West Kipchak:

Karaim: ав

Karachay-Balkar: ау (au)

Kumyk: ав (aw)

South Kipchak:

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: ау (au)

Karakalpak: ау

Nogai: ав (av)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: уу (uu)

Southern Altai: уу (uu)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yenisei Turkic:

Shor: ағ

Khakas: ағ (ağ)


kïrk

Oghur:

Volga Bulgar: خرخ (xïrïx)

Chuvash: хӗрӗх (hĕrĕh)

Arghu:

Khalaj: qırq

Oghuz

West Oghuz:

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: قرق (qırq), قرخ (qırḫ)

Azerbaijani: qırx

Gagauz: kırk

Ottoman Turkish: قرق (kırk)

Turkish: kırk

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: kyrk

Kipchak

Western Kipchak

Crimean Tatar: qırq

Karachay-Balkar: къыркъ (qırq)

Kumyk: къыркъ (qırq)

Kipchak-Nogai

Karakalpak: қырық

Kazakh: қырық (qyryq)

Nogai: кырк (kırk)

Northern Kipchak

Bashkir: ҡырҡ (qırq)

Tatar: кырык (qırıq)

Eastern Kipchak

Kyrgyz: кырк (kırk)

Southern Altai: кырык (kïrïk)

Karluk

Uyghur: قىرىق (qiriq)

Uzbek: qirq

Siberian

Old Turkic: 𐰴𐰃𐰺𐰴 (qir¹q)

Old Uyghur: 𐽷𐽶𐽾𐽷 (kïrk)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Chulym: қырық (qırıq)

Khakas: хырых (xırıx)

Shor: қырық (qırıq)

Northern Altai: кырык (kïrïk)


börük

börük (nominative singular)
börükler (nominative plural)
börükniŋ (genitive singular)
börüklerniŋ (genitive plural)
börükke (dative singular)
börüklerke (dative plural)
börükte (locative singular)
börüklerde (locative plural)
börükten (ablative singular)
börüklerden (ablative plural)
börüklerin (instrumental plural)
börükče (equative singular)
börüklerče (equative plural)
*bürük (alternative)

→? Proto-Mongolic: *bürkü- (“to cover”)

⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *börükgek

Arghu:

Khalaj: bürgək

Arghu:

Khalaj: bö̂rk

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: börk

Ottoman Turkish: بورك (börk)

Turkish: börk

Turkmen: bȫrik

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بُرْكْ (börk)

Chagatai:

Uzbek: burk

Uyghur: بۆك (bök), (obsolete) بۆرك (börk)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: бёрк (börk)

Karachay-Balkar: бёрк (börk)

Karaim: [script needed] (bärik), [script needed] (b'ork)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: бүрек (bürek)

Tatar: бүрек (bürek)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: бөрік (börık)

Karakalpak: börik

Nogai: боьрк (börk)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: бөрүк (börük)

Southern Altai: бӧрӱк (börük)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (börk)

North Siberian:

Yakut: бэргэһэ (bergehe)

Dolgan: бэргэһэ

Dolgan: бэргэһэ

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: бөрт (bört)

Soyot: бөърт (bö̀rt)

Tofa: [script needed] (bö'rt)

Yenisei:

Shor: пӧрӱк (pörük)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (perik)

Khakas: пӧрік

From *börü- + *-ük. The vowel in the suffix disappeared early in most languages..


köbüŕ

köbüŕ (nominative singular)
köbüŕüg (accusative singular)
köbüŕni (accusative singular)
köbüŕnüŋ (genitive singular)
köbüŕke (dative singular)
köbüŕde (locative singular)
köbüŕden (ablative singular)
köbüŕgerü (allative singular)
köbüŕün (instrumental singular)
köbüŕče (equative singular)
köbüŕleyü (singular)
köbüŕlügü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

→? Russian: ковёр (kovjór, “rug, carpet”)

→ Romanian: covor

→ Yakut: көбүөр (köbüör)

→? Czech: koberec

→? Polish: kobierzec

→? Bulgarian: губер (guber)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: köğüz (dial.)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (kewiz)

Chagatai:

Uzbek: kigiz

Uyghur: [script needed] (kebez)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: [script needed] (guyuz) (dial.)

Karachay-Balkar: кюйюз (küyüz)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: көйөҙ (köyöź)

South Kipchak:

Aral:

Nogai: куьйиз (küyiz)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кебез (kebez, “cotton”)

Southern Altai: кебис (kebis)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: хевис (xevis, “carpet”)

Yenisei:

Shor: кемис (“carpet”)

Khakas: кибіс (kibìs, “carpet”)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (kebis)


kerü

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: كرو (gerü)

Azerbaijani: geri

Ottoman Turkish: كرو (geri), گرو (gerü)

Gagauz: geeri

Turkish: geri

Karluk:

Karakhanid: كَرو (kerü)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: кире (kire)

Tatar: кире (kire)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: кери (keri, “away”)

Kumyk: [script needed] (geri)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: кері (kerı)

Karakalpak: keri

Nogai: кері

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кери (keri)

Southern Altai: кери (keri)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (kerü)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (kerü)


kidiz

kidiz (nominative singular)
kidizig (accusative singular)
kidizni (accusative singular)
kidizniŋ (genitive singular)
kidizke (dative singular)
kidizde (locative singular)
kidizden (ablative singular)
kidizgerü (allative singular)
kidizin (instrumental singular)
kidizče (equative singular)
kidizleyü (singular)
kidizligü (comitative singular)

Proto-Turkic: *kidiz, *kẹdiz

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Turkish: kiyiz (dialectal)

Turkmen: kiz

Karluk:

Karakhanid: كِذِزْ (kiδiz)

Chagatai: [script needed] (gīyiz), [script needed] (kīyiz), [script needed] (kiz)

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (kiyiz)

Uzbek: kigiz

Uyghur: كىگىز (kigiz)

Kipchak:

Mamluk-Kipchak: قیز (kiyiz), قز (kiz)

Kipchak-Bulgar:

Bashkir: кейеҙ (keyeź)

Tatar: кийез (kiyez)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Kumyk: кийиз (kiyiz)

Karachay-Balkar: кийиз (kiyiz)

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: киіз (kiız)

Karakalpak: kiyiz

Nogai: кийиз (kiyiz)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кийиз (kiyiz)

Southern Altai: кийис (kiyis)

Siberian Turkic:

Old Uyghur: 𐽷𐽶𐽸𐽶𐽴 (kydyz /kidiz/)

South Siberian Turkic:

Sayan:

Tuvan: кидис (kidis)

Yenisei:

Khakas: кис (kis)

(Common Turkic, weaving) felt, felt-fabric


čabak

čabak (nominative singular)
čabakïg (accusative singular)
čabaknï (accusative singular)
čabaknïŋ (genitive singular)
čabakka (dative singular)
čabakda (locative singular)
čabakdan (ablative singular)
čabakgaru (allative singular)
čabakïn (instrumental singular)
čabakča (equative singular)
čabaklayu (singular)
čabaklïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: чапак (čap̬ak)

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Turkish: çabak

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: чабак (çabaq)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: çabaq

Karachay-Balkar: чабакъ (çabaq)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: шабақ (şabaq)

Kyrgyz: чабак (cabak)


čāk

čāk (nominative singular)
čākïg (accusative singular)
čāknï (accusative singular)
čāknïŋ (genitive singular)
čākka (dative singular)
čākda (locative singular)
čākdan (ablative singular)
čākgaru (allative singular)
čākïn (instrumental singular)
čākča (equative singular)
čāklayu (singular)
čāklïgu (comitative singular)

→? Proto-Mongolic: *čag (“time”)

Mongolian: цаг (cag)

Oghur:

Chuvash: [script needed] (čox)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: çağ

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: چاغ (çağ), չաղ (çağ) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: çağ
→ Armenian: չաղ (čʻaġ)

Turkmen: çag

Karluk:

Uzbek: chogʻ

Uyghur: چاغ (chagh, “era”)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: çağ

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: саҡ (saq)

Tatar: чак (çaq)

→ Chuvash: чух (čuh)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: шақ (şaq)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: чак (cak)

Southern Altai: чак (čak)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: сах (saq)

South Siberian:

Tuvan: шак (şak)

Northern Altai: шак (šak)


kalïŋ

Oghur:

Chuvash: хулӑн (hulăn)

Proto-Common Turkic: *kalïŋ

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qalın

Ottoman Turkish: قالن (kalın), قالین
Turkish: kalın
Gagauz: kalın

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: galyň

desc

Salar: [script needed] (xaloŋ), [script needed] (xalaŋ)

Karluk:

Uyghur: قېلىن (qëlin)

Uzbek: qalin

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: qalın

Karachay-Balkar: къалын (qalın)

Kumyk: къалын (qalın)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡалын (qalın)

Tatar: калын (qalın)

→ Russian: калым (kalym, “bride price”)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: қалың

Kazakh: қалың (qalyñ)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: калың (kalıŋ)

Southern Altai: калыҥ (kalïŋ)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur:

Western Yugur: qalïn

North Siberian:

Yakut: халыҥ (qalıñ)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas: халын (xalın)


kēkir-

Oghur:

Chuvash: какӑр (kak̬ăr)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: gəyirmək

Gagauz: giirmää

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: ككرمك (geğirmek)
Turkish: geğirmek
→ Armenian: կէյիրմիշ (kēyirmiš)

Turkmen: gǟgirmek

→ Khalaj: gə̂gürmək

Karluk:

Karakhanid: كَكِرْمَكْ (kekirmek)

Uzbek: kekirmoq

Uyghur: كېكىرمەك (këkirmek)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: кикереү (kikerew)

Tatar: кикерергә (kikerergä)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: kekirmek

Kumyk: кекирмек (kekirmek)

Karachay-Balkar: кекирирге (kekirirge)

Karaim: [script needed] (kekir-)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кекирүү (kekirüü)

Southern Altai: кегир (kegir)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: kekirmek

Kazakh: кекіру (kekıru)

desc

Nogai: кекіруьв

Nogai: кекіруьв

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: кэҕэрт (keğert)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: [script needed] (keɣirer)

Tuvan: кегирер (kegirer)

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (kigǝr-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (kekirt-)

From *kē + *-kir.
Akin to Proto-Mongolic *keke-, *kaka- (“to belch; to choke”); Proto-Tungusic *kaxa- (“to choke”).


semiŕ

Oghur:

Chuvash: самӑр (samăr, “fat”)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: səmiz, səmizmək (“to fatten”)

Ottoman Turkish: سمیز (semiz)

Turkish: semiz

Salar: semiz, simus

Turkmen: semiz

Karluk:

Karakhanid: سَمِزْ (semiz)

Khorezmian Turkic:

Chagatai:

Uzbek: semiz

Uyghur: سېمىز (sëmiz)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: semiz

Kumyk: семиз (semiz)

Karachay-Balkar: семиз (semiz)

Karaim: [script needed] (semiz)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һимеҙ (himeź)

Tatar: симез (simez)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: семіз (semız)

Karakalpak: semiz

Nogai: семиз (semiz)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: семиз (semiz)

Southern Altai: семис (semis)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (semiz)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (semiz)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: эмис

Yakut: эмис (emis)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: семис (semis)

Tofa: семис

Yenisei Turkic:

Chulym: семис

Shor: себис

Khakas: симiс (simis)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (semiz)

Northern Altai: севис (sevis), севиз (seviz), себис (sebis), себиз (sebiz)

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *sem-ci (“inner fat, fat on liver”), Proto-Tungusic *semesik (“inner fat”). Looking at the compared word in Mongolic, can be from *sem- + *-iŕ.


yapurgak

yapurgak (nominative singular)
yapurgaklar (nominative plural)
yapurgaknïŋ (genitive singular)
yapurgaklarnïŋ (genitive plural)
yapurgakka (dative singular)
yapurgaklarka (dative plural)
yapurgakta (locative singular)
yapurgaklarda (locative plural)
yapurgaktan (ablative singular)
yapurgaklardan (ablative plural)
yapurgaklarïn (instrumental plural)
yapurgakča (equative singular)
yapurgaklarča (equative plural)

Arghu:

Khalaj: [script needed] (yarpaq)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yarpaq

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: یپراق (yaprak), یاپراق (yaprak)
Turkish: yaprak
Gagauz: yaprak
→ Armenian: յափրախ (yapʻrax), ափրաղ (apʻraġ)
→ Ladino: yaprak
→ North Levantine Arabic: يبرق (yabraʔ)
→ Romanian: iaprac
→ Serbo-Croatian: japrak

Salar: yafraq, yarfaq

Turkmen: ýaprak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: يَبُرْغاقْ (yapurɣāq)

Uyghur: يوپۇرماق (yopurmaq)

Uzbek: yaproq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: япраҡ (yapraq)

Tatar: яфрак (yafraq)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: yapraq

Karachay-Balkar: чапракъ (çapraq)

Kumyk: япыракъ (yapıraq)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: жапырақ (japıraq)

Kazakh: жапырақ (japyraq)

Nogai: япырак (yapırak)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жалбырак (jalbırak)

Southern Altai: јалбырак (ǰalbïrak)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: 𐽶𐽰𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽵𐾄 (yapïrgak)

North Siberian:

Yakut: сэбирдэх (sebirdeq)

Dolgan: һэбирдэк (hebirdek)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: чөвүрээ (çövüree)

desc

Tofa: чөъпрәә

Tofa: чөъпрәә

Northern Altai: тьалбырак (tʹalbïrak, “foliage”)

Clauson derives from *yapur- (“to smooth, level”) + *-gak.


kǖse-

→? Proto-Mongolic: *küse- (“to wish”)

→? Proto-Tungusic: *xüse (“hunter”)

→? Hungarian: köszön (“to thank”)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Turkmen: küýsemek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (küse-)

Uyghur: [script needed] (küse-)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: [script needed] (kühe-)

Tatar: [script needed] (köse-)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: күсөө (küsöö)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: küsemek

Nogai: [script needed] (küse-)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: күзээр (küzeer)


bēr-

Oghur:

Chuvash: пар (par)

Common Turkic: *bẹ̄r-

Arghu:

Khalaj: vêrmək

Oghuz: *ber-

Old Anatolian Turkish: وِیرْمَكْ (vermäk)

Azerbaijani: vermək

Gagauz: vermää

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: ویرمك (vermek)
Turkish: vermek

Salar: vergüsi

Turkmen: bermek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بيٖرْماكْ (bērmäk)

Chagatai: برماک (bärmäk)

Uzbek: bermoq

Uyghur: بەرمەك (bermek)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: биреү (birew)

Tatar: бирергә (birergä)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: bermek

Kumyk: бермек (bermek)

Karachay-Balkar: берирге (berirge)

Karaim: [script needed] (ver-)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: берүү (berüü)

Southern Altai: [script needed] (ber-)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: beriw

Kazakh: беру (beru)

Nogai: бермек (bermek)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: -𐰋𐰃𐰼 (-b²ir² /bér-/)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ber-)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: [script needed] (bier)

Yakut: биэр (bier)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: [script needed] (ber-)

Tuvan: бээр (beer)

Yenisei:

Shor: [script needed] (per-)

Khakas: [script needed] (pir-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (per-)


teriŋ

Oghur:

Chuvash: тарӑн (tarăn)

Proto-Common Turkic: *teriŋ

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: dərin

Ottoman Turkish: دریڭ (deriñ), درین (derin)
Turkish: derin
→ Laz: დერინი (derini)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: teren

Karachay-Balkar: терен (teren)

Kumyk: терен (teren)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: тәрән (tərən)

Tatar: тирән (tirän)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: терең (tereñ)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: терең (tereŋ)

Southern Altai: тереҥ (tereŋ)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: дириҥ (diriñ)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: дэреӈ

Tuvan: терең (tereñ)


karïn

karïn (nominative singular)
karïnïg (accusative singular)
karïnnï (accusative singular)
karïnnïŋ (genitive singular)
karïnka (dative singular)
karïnda (locative singular)
karïndan (ablative singular)
karïngaru (allative singular)
karïnïn (instrumental singular)
karïnča (equative singular)
karïnlayu (singular)
karïnlïgu (comitative singular)

Proto-Oghur: *qarïn

Proto-Bulgar: *χarïm

Danube Bulgar:

→? Old Church Slavonic: корьмъ (korĭmŭ)

desc

Bulgarian: корем (korem, “belly, tummy, stomach”)

Volga Bulgar: *χa̝rïm

Old Chuvash: *χa̝rı̈̆m

Middle Chuvash: *χïrı̈̆m

Chuvash: хырӑм (hyrăm)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: qarın

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: قرن

Azerbaijani: qarın

Gagauz: karnı

Ottoman Turkish: قارن (karn, karın)

Turkish: karın

Salar: garın

Turkmen: garyn

Karluk:

Uyghur: قارىن (qarin)

Uzbek: qorin

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: qarın

Karachay-Balkar: къарын (qarın)

Kumyk: къарын (qarın)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡарын (qarın)

Tatar: карын (qarın)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: қарын (qaryn)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: карын (karın)

Southern Altai: карын (karïn)

Siberian:

Orkhon Turkic: 𐰴𐰺𐰣 (qarïn)

Old Uyghur: 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (qʾryn /ḳarïn/)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: хырын (xırın)

Yenisei:

Khakas: харын (xarın)


kunduŕ

kunduŕ (nominative singular)
kunduŕug (accusative singular)
kunduŕnï (accusative singular)
kunduŕnuŋ (genitive singular)
kunduŕka (dative singular)
kunduŕda (locative singular)
kunduŕdan (ablative singular)
kunduŕgaru (allative singular)
kunduŕun (instrumental singular)
kunduŕča (equative singular)
kunduŕlayu (singular)
kunduŕlugu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: хӑнтӑр (hănt̬ăr)

Proto-Common Turkic: *kunduz

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qunduz

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: قوندوز (kunduz), قوندز (kunduz)
Turkish: kunduz
→ Arabic: قُنْدُس (qundus), قُنْدُز (qunduz)
→ Armenian: խունտուզ (xuntuz)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: խնդուզ (xnduz), խնտուզ (xntuz)

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: gunduz

Karluk:

Karakhanid: قوندوز (qunduz)

Uyghur: قۇندۇز (qunduz)

Uzbek: qunduz

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡондоҙ (qondoź)

Tatar: кондыз (qondız)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: qunduz

Karachay-Balkar: къундуз (qunduz)

Kumyk: хундуз (xunduz)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: құндыз (qūndyz, “otter”)

Nogai: кундыз (kundız)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кундуз (kunduz)

Southern Altai: кумдус (kumdus)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: kwntwz (kuntuz, “beaver”)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: кундус (kundus, “otter”)

Tofa: һундус (xundus)

Yenisei:

Khakas: хундус (xundus)

Shor: қумдус (kumdus, “lizard”)

Unknown. Eren (1999) argues that this word is composed of *kund (“?”) + *-uŕ (“deverbal noun-making suffix”).
Often compared with Proto-Ugric *kuntɜ (“beaver”), whence Hungarian hód, Northern Mansi хунтыль (huntylʹ). Both loaning directions (Turkic → Ugric, Ugric → Turkic) have been proposed.
Original meaning of this root, beaver, is contaminated in select languages with the secondary semantic derivation of otter.


-melig

Oghur:

Chuvash: -малла (-malla), -мелле (-melle)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: -məli, -malı

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: -meli, -malı

Turkmen: -meli, -maly

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: -мелі (-melı), -пелі (-pelı), -белі (-belı) (not as necessitative suffix, but as verbal-adjective)

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: -мел (-mel)

From + *-me + *-lig (see more at Turkish -meli). However, the existence of the Chuvash cognate, may precede the Turkish derivation from -me + -li.

seb- (“to love”) + *-melig → *sebmelig (“(s/he) should love”)


tẹpi-

Oghur:

Chuvash: тип (tip, “dry; to stale”)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: təpimək

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: tepimek — Denizli, Kütahya, Giresun, Niğde, Muğla

Turkmen: tebimek

Somehow, this verb only exists in Oghuz and Oghur.


āčïg

āčïg (nominative singular)
āčïgïg (accusative singular)
āčïgnï (accusative singular)
āčïgnïŋ (genitive singular)
āčïgka (dative singular)
āčïgda (locative singular)
āčïgdan (ablative singular)
āčïggaru (allative singular)
āčïgïn (instrumental singular)
āčïgča (equative singular)
āčïglayu (singular)
āčïglïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: йӳҫӗ (jüś̬ĕ)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: hâçığ

Oghuz:

desctree

Old Anatolian Turkish: آجُو (acu)
Azerbaijani: acı
→ Armenian: ա̈ջի (äǰi) — Karabakh
Gagauz: acı
Ottoman Turkish: آجی (acı)
Turkish: acı
→ Armenian: աճի (ači) — Constantinople

Salar: acı

Turkmen: ājy

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اَجِغْ (ačïğ)

Uyghur: ئاچچىق (achchiq)

Uzbek: achchiq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: әсе (əse), асы (ası)

Tatar: ачы (açı)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: accı, aççı

Karachay-Balkar: ачы (açı)

Kumyk: аччы (aççı)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: ащы (aşy)

Nogai: ашшы (aşşı)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: ачуу (acuu)

Southern Altai: ачу (aču)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Dolgan: аһыы (ahıı)

Yakut: аһыы (ahıı)

From *āčï- (“to become bitter, sour”) + *-g.


uruk

uruk (nominative singular)
urukug (accusative singular)
uruknï (accusative singular)
uruknuŋ (genitive singular)
urukka (dative singular)
urukda (locative singular)
urukdan (ablative singular)
urukgaru (allative singular)
urukun (instrumental singular)
urukča (equative singular)
uruklayu (singular)
uruklugu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

→ Hungarian: hurok

Common Turkic:

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اُرُقْ (uruq)

Kipchak:

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: урук (uruk)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: ՚wrwk (uruq)

Western Yugur: uruq

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: урук (uruk, “lasso pole”)

Yenisei:

Khakas: урух (urux)

Shor: уруқ (uruq)

→? Proto-Mongolic: *hurïka

→? Proto-Tungusic: *purka

From *ur- (“to hit; to place”) + *-uk. Cognate with *urkan (“rope”). According to Clauson some forms with the meaning "lasso" go back to *ukruk (“lasso”) instead.


ermeŕ

Oghur:

Chuvash: мар (mar)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (imez)

Ottoman Turkish: ايمَز (imez)

Salar: emes

Karluk:

Uzbek: emas

Uyghur: ئەمەس (emes)

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: emes

Kazakh: емес (emes)

North Kipchak

Bashkir: имәҫ (iməś) (dated)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: эмес (emes)

Southern Altai: эмес (emes)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: эвес (eves)

Yenisei:

Shor: эбес (ebes)

>? Khakas: нимес (nimes)


buŋ

buŋ (nominative singular)
buŋlar (nominative plural)
buŋnïŋ (genitive singular)
buŋlarnïŋ (genitive plural)
buŋka (dative singular)
buŋlarka (dative plural)
buŋda (locative singular)
buŋlarda (locative plural)
buŋdan (ablative singular)
buŋlardan (ablative plural)
buŋlarïn (instrumental plural)
buŋča (equative singular)
buŋlarča (equative plural)

Oghuz:

Proto-Oghuz: *buŋ

Old Anatolian Turkish: بوك (buñ), بوكلو (buñlu)

Ottoman Turkish: بوك (buñ)

Gagauz: bunalmaa

Turkish: bun, bunlu, bunalmak

Turkmen: muňly (dialect)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (muñ)

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (muñ)

Chagatai: مونک (mung)

Uzbek: mung

Uyghur: مۇڭ (mung)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: موڭ (muñ)

North Kipchak:

Tatar: моң (moñ)

Bashkir: моң (moñ)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: мунг (muñ)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: мұң (mūñ)

Karakalpak: mung

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: муң (muŋ)

Southern Altai: муҥ (muŋ)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰉𐰆𐰭 (buŋ)

Old Uyghur: 𐽹𐽳𐽺𐽷 (muŋ)

Yenisei Kyrgyz: 𐰉𐰆𐰬 (buŋ)

North Siberian:

Yakut: муҥ (muñ)

Dolgan: муҥ

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: муң (muñ)

Yenisei:

Shor: [script needed] (muñ)

⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *buŋ-ï-

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Gagauz: bunmaa

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: bunmak, bungun

⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *buŋ-a-

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

⇒ Gagauz: bunak

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: bunamak, bunak


üčün

Oghur:

Chuvash: -шӑн (-šăn), -шӗн (-šĕn)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: اِیچُونْ (içün)

Ajem-Turkic:

Azerbaijani: üçün, үчүн, اوچون

Qashqai: ایچی (içi)

Gagauz: için

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: ایچون (içün), (late Ottoman Turkish) ایچین (için)
Turkish: için

Salar: üçün

Turkmen: üçin

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (üçün)

Khorezmian Turkic:

Chagatai: اوچون (üçün)

Ili Turki: ičin

Uzbek: uchun

Uyghur: ئۈچۈن (üchün)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: içün

desc

Urum: ичин (için), ичӱн (içün), ӱчӱ (üçü), ӱчӱн (üçün), чин (çin), чӱн (çün)

Karachay-Balkar: ючюн (yuçün)

Karaim: учун (uçun), ицин (itsin), ӱчюнь (üçyuń)

Kumyk: учун (uçun)

Krymchak: ичӱн (içün), ӱчӱн (üçün)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: өсөн (ösön)

Tatar: өчен (öçen)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: үшін (üşın)

Karakalpak: ушын (uşın)

Nogai: уьшин (üşin)

Siberian Tatar: өцөн (ötsön)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: үчүн (ücün)

Southern Altai: учун (učun)

Tuba-Kizhi: учун (uçun)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Yenisei Kyrgyz: 𐰇𐰲𐰥 (üčn² /üčün/)

Old Turkic: 𐰇𐰲𐰤 (üčn² /üčün/)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (üčün)

North Siberian:

Yakut: иһин (ihin)

Dolgan: иһин (ihin)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: ужун (ujun)

Yenisei Turkic:

Chulym: [script needed] (üçün)

Khakas: ӱчӱн (üçün)

Shor: ӱчӱн (üǯün)

Northern Altai:

Kumandy-Kizhi: учун (učun), ушун (ušun)

Kuu-Kizhi: ӱжӱн (üžün)


sipür-

Proto-Mongolic *sixür- (“to sweep”), *sixür (“broom, besom”) are early loanwords from Turkic. Compared also Evenki чипмӣ (çipmī, “to sweep; to scrape”) by EDAL. (See also *topïk)


sipür-

Oghur:

Chuvash: шӑпӑр (šăp̬ăr, “broom”)

desc

→ Hungarian: seper (“to sweep, to broom”), söpör

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: sipürmək

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: süpürmək

Ottoman Turkish: سوپورمك (süpürmek)

Turkish: süpürmek

Gagauz: süpürmää

Salar: sürgüsi (“to sweep”), süfse (“broom”), süpse (“broom”), sipse (“broom”)

Turkmen: süpürmek, sübse (“broom”)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (süpür-)

Uzbek: supurmoq

Uyghur: [script needed] (süpürmek) (سۈپۈرگە (süpürge, “broom”))

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: sipirmek, sıpırmaq

Kumyk: [script needed] (sibir-)

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (sibir-)

Karaim: [script needed] (sibir-)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һепереү (heperew), һепертке (hepertke, “broom”)

Tatar: себерергә (seberergä)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: sıpırw

Kazakh: сыпыру (sypyru)

Nogai: сыпыру (sıpıru)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: шыпыруу (şıpıruu)

Southern Altai: сибир- (sibir-)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: сиппий (sippiy, “to sweep”), сиппиир (sippiir, “broom”)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: [script needed] (sivir-)

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (sıbır-)


yï̄lan

yï̄lan (nominative singular)
yï̄lanïg (accusative singular)
yï̄lannï (accusative singular)
yï̄lannïŋ (genitive singular)
yï̄lanka (dative singular)
yï̄landa (locative singular)
yï̄landan (ablative singular)
yï̄langaru (allative singular)
yï̄lanïn (instrumental singular)
yï̄lanča (equative singular)
yï̄lanlayu (singular)
yï̄lanlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫӗлен (śĕlen)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: yilân

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: ilan

Ottoman Turkish: ییلان (yılan)

Gagauz: yılan

Turkish: yılan

Salar: yilen

Turkmen: ýylān

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yılan)

Uyghur: يىلان (yilan)

Uzbek: ilon

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: йылан (yılan)

Tatar: елан (yelan)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: cılan, yılan

Karachay-Balkar: джылан (cılan), жылан (jılan), жилян (jilyan)

Karaim: [script needed] (yilan)

Kumyk: йылан (yılan)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (jılan)

Kazakh: жылан (jylan)

Nogai: йылан (yılan)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жылан (jılan)

Southern Altai: јылан (ǰïlan)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰃𐰞𐰣 (y¹il¹n¹)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yılan)

Western Yugur: yilan

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: чулан (çulan)

Tuvan: чылан (çılan)

Yenisei:

Khakas: чылан (çılan)

Shor: чылан (çılan)


omuŕ

omuŕ (nominative singular)
omuŕug (accusative singular)
omuŕnï (accusative singular)
omuŕnuŋ (genitive singular)
omuŕka (dative singular)
omuŕda (locative singular)
omuŕdan (ablative singular)
omuŕgaru (allative singular)
omuŕun (instrumental singular)
omuŕča (equative singular)
omuŕlayu (singular)
omuŕlugu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Volga Bulgar:

Chuvash: ӑмӑр (ămăr, “chest of animal”)

> Danube Bulgar: ωμορ (omur) (as in Ωμορταγ (Omurtag))

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish: اوموز (omuz, “shoulder”)

Turkish: omuz

Gagauz: omuz

Turkmen: omuz

Karluk:

Karakhanid:

Chagatai: اوموز (omuz, “shoulder”)

Uzbek: oʻmiz

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: omuz

Kumyk: омуз (omuz)

Karachay-Balkar: омуз (omuz)

Karaim: [script needed] (omuz)

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *omur- (“collar bone, clavicle”), compare Mongolian омруу (omruu, “clavicle, sternum”). Compare also Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓms (“shoulder”), whence Latin umerus (“shoulder”), Ancient Greek ὦμος (ômos, “shoulder”); perhaps an early interaction with an Indo-European language.


sakïŕ

sakïŕ (nominative singular)
sakïŕïg (accusative singular)
sakïŕnï (accusative singular)
sakïŕnïŋ (genitive singular)
sakïŕka (dative singular)
sakïŕda (locative singular)
sakïŕdan (ablative singular)
sakïŕgaru (allative singular)
sakïŕïn (instrumental singular)
sakïŕča (equative singular)
sakïŕlayu (singular)
sakïŕlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: сухӑр (suh̬ăr)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: saqqız

Ottoman Turkish: ساقز (sakız)

Gagauz: sakız

Turkish: sakız

Turkmen: sakgyç

Karluk:

Chagatai: سقیز (saqız)

Karakhanid: [script needed] (saqız)

Uzbek: saqich

Uyghur: سېغىز (sëghiz)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: saqız

Karaim: [script needed] (saqız)

Kumyk: сагъыз (sağız)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һағыҙ (hağıź)

Tatar: сагыз (sağız)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: sağız

Kazakh: сағыз (sağyz)

Nogai: сагыз (sagız)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: сагыз (sagız)

Southern Altai: саҥыс (saŋïs)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Dolgan: ыас

Yakut: ыас (ıas)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: саат (saat)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: саас (saas)


semri-

Oghur:

Chuvash: самӑрт (samărt, “to fatten”)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: səmirmək (“to fatten”)

Ottoman Turkish:

desc

Turkish: semirmek (“to fatten”), semirtmek (“to fatten”)

Turkmen: semremek

Karluk:

Karakhanid:

Khorezmian Turkic:

Chagatai:

Uzbek: semirmoq

Uyghur: سەمرىمەك (semrimek), сәмәрмәк (semermek)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: семирмек (semirmek)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һимереү (himerew)

Tatar: симерү (simerü)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: семіру (semıru)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: семирүү (semirüü)

Southern Altai: семирер (semirer)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: семириир (semiriir)

Yenisei Turkic

Khakas: симірерге (simìrerge)

Shor: себирерге

Shor: себирерге

Northern Altai: себирерге (sebirerge)

Western Yugur: semïr-

From *semiŕ (“fat”) + *-i. Later Turkic forms showcase metathesis to *semir-.


sïčgan

sïčgan (nominative singular)
sïčganïg (accusative singular)
sïčgannï (accusative singular)
sïčgannïŋ (genitive singular)
sïčganka (dative singular)
sïčganda (locative singular)
sïčgandan (ablative singular)
sïčgangaru (allative singular)
sïčganïn (instrumental singular)
sïčganča (equative singular)
sïčganlayu (singular)
sïčganlïgu (comitative singular)

→? Hungarian: cickány

Oghur:

Chuvash: шӑши (šăš̬i)

Arghu:

Khalaj: sıçğân

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: siçan

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: صیچان (sıçan), سچان (sıçan), صچان (sıçan)
Turkish: sıçan
→ Serbo-Croatian: sičan

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: syçan

Karluk:

Karakhanid: سِجْغانْ (sïčɣān)

Uzbek: sichqon

Uyghur: چاشقان (chashqan)

Armeno-Kipchak: սըչխան (səčʻxan)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: sıçan

desc

Karachay-Balkar: чичхан (çiçxan), чычхан (çıçxan)

Kumyk: чычкъан (çıçqan)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: сысҡан (sısqan)

Tatar: тычкан (tıçkan), сычан (sıçan)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: тышқан (tyşqan)

→⇒ Russian: тушканчик (tuškančik)

Nogai: шышкан (şışkan)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: чычкан (čïčkan)

Kyrgyz: чычкан (cıckan)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰽𐰲𐰍𐰭 (sïčgan)

Old Uyghur: syčγ՚n (sïčɣan)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (šɨɣan)

North Siberian:

Yakut:

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas:

Shor: шышқан (şışqan)

From *sïč- (“to defecate”) + *-gan.
Nomen agentis of *sïč- (“to defecate”), literally "the one who defecates".


eŋse

eŋse (nominative singular)
eŋseler (nominative plural)
eŋseniŋ (genitive singular)
eŋselerniŋ (genitive plural)
eŋseke (dative singular)
eŋselerke (dative plural)
eŋsede (locative singular)
eŋselerde (locative plural)
eŋseden (ablative singular)
eŋselerden (ablative plural)
eŋselerin (instrumental plural)
eŋseče (equative singular)
eŋselerče (equative plural)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: ənsə

Ottoman Turkish: اكسه (eñse)

Turkish: ense

Gagauz: yensä

Salar: eñse

Turkmen: ýeňse

Karluk:

Karakhanid:

Chagatai:

Uzbek: ensa

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: eñse

Kumyk: енгсе (yeñse)

Karaim: [script needed] (eŋse)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: иңһә (iñhə)

Tatar: иңсә (iñsä)

→ Chuvash: ӗнсе (ĕns̬e), инсе (ins̬e)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: еңсе (eñse)

Karakalpak: engse

Nogai: [script needed] (eŋse)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: [script needed] (eŋse)

Southern Altai: эҥзе (eŋze, “hump, back of the head”)


yaruk

yaruk (nominative singular)
yaruklar (nominative plural)
yaruknïŋ (genitive singular)
yaruklarnïŋ (genitive plural)
yarukka (dative singular)
yaruklarka (dative plural)
yarukta (locative singular)
yaruklarda (locative plural)
yaruktan (ablative singular)
yaruklardan (ablative plural)
yaruklarïn (instrumental plural)
yarukča (equative singular)
yaruklarča (equative plural)


yaruk

Oghuz

Salar: yaruq, yarıq

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Cuman:

Kipchak: jarix (/yarïx/)

Crimean Tatar: yarıq

Karachay-Balkar: джарыкъ (carıq)

Kumyk: ярыкъ (yarıq)

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: жарық (jaryq)

Nogai: ярык (yarık)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: јарык (ǰarïk)

Kyrgyz: жарык (jarık)

Karluk:

Chagatai: یاروق (yaruq)

Uyghur: يورۇق (yoruq)

Uzbek: yorugʻ

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: 𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲 (yrwq /yaruḳ/, “light”)

North Siberian:

Yakut: сырдык (sırdık)

South Siberian:

Yeniseian:

Khakas: чарых (çarıx)

Sayan:

Tuvan: чырык (çırık)

Northern Altai: чарык (čarïk)


kepelek

kepelek (nominative singular)
kepelekig (accusative singular)
kepelekni (accusative singular)
kepelekniŋ (genitive singular)
kepelekke (dative singular)
kepelekde (locative singular)
kepelekden (ablative singular)
kepelekgerü (allative singular)
kepelekin (instrumental singular)
kepelekče (equative singular)
kepelekleyü (singular)
kepelekligü (comitative singular)

Proto-Common Turkic: *kepeli, *kepelek, *kelepek

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: كلابك (gäläbäk)

Azerbaijani: kəpənək

Ottoman Turkish: كلبك (kelebek)

Turkish: kelebek

Salar: kegelik

Turkmen: kebelek (کبلاک)

Karluk

Karakhanid: [script needed] (kepēlī)

Uzbek: kapalak

Uyghur: كېپىنەك (këpinek)

Kipchak:

Cuman: [script needed] (köbelek)

North Kipchak

Bashkir: күбәләк (kübələk)

Tatar: күбәләк (kübäläk)

South Kipchak

Kazakh: көбелек (köbelek)

West Kipchak

Kumyk: гёбелек (göbelek)

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: көпөлөк (köpölök)

Southern Altai: кӧбӧлӧк (köbölök)

Siberian:

South Siberian

Yenisei:

Shor: қонақ (qonaq)

Northern Altai: кӧбӧлек (köbölek), кӧвӧлӧк (kövölök), конак (konak)

From *kepeli (“butterfly”) + *-ak (“diminutive suffix”). The rounding in some of the descendants is due to the neighboring labial /p/. Some of the descendants also exhibit metathesis to *kelepek. Eren (1999) suggests that this word is an onomatopoeic in origin.
Clauson suggets a loanword, but does not give a source language, pointing that it is only present in Oghuz, Karluk and Kipchak branches.
Compared to Proto-Mongolic *kibe (“moth”) (Mongolian хив (xiv, “moth”)) and Japanese コオロギ (kōrogi, “cricket”) by Altaicists, although such comparisons are deemed as unscientific by the consensus.


tēk

Oguz

Azerbaijani: tək

→ Armenian: թաք (tʻakʻ)

→ Persian: تک (tak)

Ottoman Turkish: تك (tek)

Turkish: tek

Turkmen: täk (ýeke-täk)

Kypchak

Kazakh: тек (tek)

Kyrgyz: тек (tek)

Tatar: тик (tik)

Bashkir: тик (tik)

Crimean Tatar: tek

Kumyk: тек (tek)

Siberian

South Siberian

Tuvan: тик (tik)

Other languages

→ Mongolian: тэг (teg)

Perhaps from Old Chinese 隻 (*tjaːɡ, “alone, single, unique”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tjak ~ g-t(j)ik (“one”).


bakïr

bakïr (nominative singular)
bakïrïg (accusative singular)
bakïrnï (accusative singular)
bakïrnïŋ (genitive singular)
bakïrka (dative singular)
bakïrda (locative singular)
bakïrdan (ablative singular)
bakïrgaru (allative singular)
bakïrïn (instrumental singular)
bakïrča (equative singular)
bakïrlayu (singular)
bakïrlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: пӑхӑр (păh̬ăr)

Proto-Common Turkic: *bakïr

Oghuz:

Proto-Oghuz: *bakïr

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (baqır)

Azerbaijani: paxır

Gagauz: bakır

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: باقر (bakır), باقیر (bakır), بقر (bakır)
Turkish: bakır
→ Albanian: bakër
→ Armenian: պախըր (paxər), փախըր (pʻaxər)
→ Aromanian: bãcãri
→ Bulgarian: бакъ́р (bakǎ́r)
→ Greek: μπακίρι (bakíri)
→ Ladino: bakir
→ Laz: ბაქირი (bakiri), ბაკირი (baǩiri) — Jigetore, ბაკკირი (baǩǩiri) — Ortaalan, ბაქიი (bakii), ბაქიჲი (bakiyi) — alternative spellings
→ Macedonian: бакар (bakar)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ба̀кар
Latin script: bàkar
→ Slovene: báker

desc

⇒ Turkish: bakraç (“copper cooking pot”)

Turkmen: (archaic) bakyr

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بَقِرْ (baqır)

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (baqır), [script needed] (paqır)

Chagatai: پاقر (paqır)

Uzbek: paqir

Uyghur: [script needed] (paqır)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: بقر (baqır)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: баҡыр (baqır)

Tatar: бакыр (baqır)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: baqır

Karachay-Balkar: багъыр (bağır)

Karaim: [script needed] (baɣır)

Kumyk: багъыр (bağır)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: бақыр (baqyr)

Karakalpak: [script needed] (baqır)

Nogai: бакыр (bakır)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: бакыр (bakır)

Southern Altai: бакыр (bakïr, “wretch devil”)

⇒ Southern Altai: бакрас (bakras)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽾 (bakïr)

Western Yugur: paqər

North Siberian:

⇒? Yakut: баҕарах (bağaraq, “pot for boiling milk”)

South Siberian:

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: пағыр (pağır)


sīd-

Oghur:

Chuvash: шăр (šăr)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: sîdmək

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: siymək

⇒ Gagauz: siidik

Ottoman Turkish: سیمك (simek)

Turkish: siymek (“to piss with one leg up (for cat, dog)”)

⇒ Salar: südük

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (siδ-)

Uzbek: siymoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һейеү (heyew)

Tatar: сияргә (siyargä)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: siymek

Kumyk: сиймек (siymek)

Karachay-Balkar: сийерге (siyerge)

Karaim: [script needed] (siy-)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: сийүү (siyüü)

Southern Altai: сийер (siyer)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak:

Kazakh: сию (siü)

Nogai: сиюв (siyuv)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (sid-)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Shor: [script needed] (si-)

Khakas: [script needed] (side-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (siz-)


-iŋiŕ

*-ŋiŕ (alternative)
*-ŋïŕ (alternative)
*-ŋuŕ (alternative)
*-ŋüŕ (alternative)
*-ïŋïŕ (alternative)
*-uŋuŕ (alternative)
*-üŋüŕ (alternative)

eb (“house”) + *-iŋiŕ → *ebiŋiŕ (“(your (plural)) house”)

-im

suffix equiping headword for first-person singular

-iŋ

suffix equiping headword for second-person singular

-si

suffix equiping headword for third-person

-imiŕ

suffix equiping headword for first-person plural

-ki

used to form a an adjectival or nominal that that indicates the possessor


agsa-

trk-cmn-conj-head

agsadačï ben, agsamakčï ben, agsayačak ben

agsadačï sen, agsamakčï sen, agsayačak sen

agsadačï biz, agsamakčï biz, agsayačak biz

agsadačï siz, agsamakčï siz, agsayačak siz

agsamak (infinitive)
agsagan (participle present)
agsagma (participle present)
agsar (participle present)
agsaduk (participle past)
agsamïš (participle past)
agsadačï (future participle)
agsamakčï (future participle)
agsasïk (future participle)
agsayačak (future participle)
agsama (noun-from-verb)
agsag (noun-from-verb)
agsagu (noun-from-verb)
agsaš (adverbial)
agsar ben (aorist indicative singular)
agsar sen (aorist indicative singular)
agsar (aorist indicative singular)
agsar biz (aorist indicative plural)
agsar siz (aorist indicative plural)
agsar (aorist indicative plural)
agsadïm (indicative past singular)
agsadïŋ (indicative past singular)
agsadï (indicative past singular)
agsadïk (indicative past plural)
agsadïmïz (indicative past plural)
agsadïŋïz (indicative past plural)
agsadï (indicative past plural)
agsamïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
agsamïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
agsamïš (indicative inferential past singular)
agsamïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
agsamïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
agsamïš (indicative inferential past plural)
agsadačï ben (future indicative singular)
agsamakčï ben (future indicative singular)
agsayačak ben (future indicative singular)
agsadačï sen (future indicative singular)
agsamakčï sen (future indicative singular)
agsayačak sen (future indicative singular)
agsadačï (future indicative singular)
agsamakčï (future indicative singular)
agsayačak (future indicative singular)
agsadačï biz (future indicative plural)
agsamakčï biz (future indicative plural)
agsayačak biz (future indicative plural)
agsadačï siz (future indicative plural)
agsamakčï siz (future indicative plural)
agsayačak siz (future indicative plural)
agsadačï (future indicative plural)
agsamakčï (future indicative plural)
agsayačak (future indicative plural)
agsagay ben (future indicative singular)
agsagay sen (future indicative singular)
agsagay (future indicative singular)
agsagay biz (future indicative plural)
agsagay siz (future indicative plural)
agsagay (future indicative plural)
agsasïkïm (future indicative singular)
agsasïkïŋ (future indicative singular)
agsasïk (future indicative singular)
agsasïkïmïz (future indicative plural)
agsasïkïŋïz (future indicative plural)
agsasïk (future indicative plural)
agsasam (conditional singular)
agsasar ben (conditional singular)
agsasaŋ (conditional singular)
agsasar sen (conditional singular)
agsasa (conditional singular)
agsasar (conditional singular)
agsasak (conditional plural)
agsasamïz (conditional plural)
agsasar biz (conditional plural)
agsasaŋïz (conditional plural)
agsasar siz (conditional plural)
agsasalar (conditional plural)
agsasar (conditional plural)
agsagay ben (optative singular)
agsagay sen (optative singular)
agsagay (optative singular)
agsagay biz (optative plural)
agsagay siz (optative plural)
agsagay (optative plural)
agsamakda ben (progressive singular)
agsamakda sen (progressive singular)
agsamakda (progressive singular)
agsamakda biz (plural progressive)
agsamakda siz (plural progressive)
agsamakda (plural progressive)
agsamalïg ben (necessitative singular)
agsamalïg sen (necessitative singular)
agsamalïg (necessitative singular)
agsamalïg biz (necessitative plural)
agsamalïg siz (necessitative plural)
agsamalïg (necessitative plural)
agsayayïn (imperative singular)
agsa (imperative singular)
agsagïl (imperative singular)
agsazun (imperative singular)
agsayalïm (imperative plural)
agsayïŋ (imperative plural)
agsazun (imperative plural)
agsamamak (infinitive negative)
agsamagan (negative participle present)
agsamagma (negative participle present)
agsamaz (negative participle present)
agsamaduk (negative participle past)
agsamamïš (negative participle past)
agsamačï (future negative participle)
agsamasïk (future negative participle)
agsamayačak (future negative participle)
agsamama (negative noun-from-verb)
agsamag (negative noun-from-verb)
agsamagu (negative noun-from-verb)
agsamaš (adverbial negative)
agsamaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
agsamaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
agsamaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
agsamaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
agsamaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
agsamaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
agsamadïm (indicative negative past singular)
agsamadïŋ (indicative negative past singular)
agsamadï (indicative negative past singular)
agsamadïk (indicative negative past plural)
agsamadïmïz (indicative negative past plural)
agsamadïŋïz (indicative negative past plural)
agsamadï (indicative negative past plural)
agsamamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
agsamamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
agsamamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
agsamamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
agsamamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
agsamamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
agsamačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
agsamayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
agsamačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
agsamayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
agsamačï (future indicative negative singular)
agsamayačak (future indicative negative singular)
agsamačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
agsamayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
agsamačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
agsamayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
agsamačï (future indicative negative plural)
agsamayačak (future indicative negative plural)
agsamagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
agsamagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
agsamagay (future indicative negative singular)
agsamagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
agsamagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
agsamagay (future indicative negative plural)
agsamasïkïm (future indicative negative singular)
agsamasïkïŋ (future indicative negative singular)
agsamasïk (future indicative negative singular)
agsamasïkïmïz (future indicative negative plural)
agsamasïkïŋïz (future indicative negative plural)
agsamasïk (future indicative negative plural)
agsamasam (conditional negative singular)
agsamasar ben (conditional negative singular)
agsamasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
agsamasar sen (conditional negative singular)
agsamasa (conditional negative singular)
agsamasar (conditional negative singular)
agsamasak (conditional negative plural)
agsamasamïz (conditional negative plural)
agsamasar biz (conditional negative plural)
agsamasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
agsamasar siz (conditional negative plural)
agsamasalar (conditional negative plural)
agsamasar (conditional negative plural)
agsamagay ben (negative optative singular)
agsamagay sen (negative optative singular)
agsamagay (negative optative singular)
agsamagay biz (negative optative plural)
agsamagay siz (negative optative plural)
agsamagay (negative optative plural)
agsamamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
agsamamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
agsamamakda (negative progressive singular)
agsamamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
agsamamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
agsamamakda (negative plural progressive)
agsamamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
agsamamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
agsamamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
agsamamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
agsamamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
agsamamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
agsamayayïn (imperative negative singular)
agsama (imperative negative singular)
agsamagïl (imperative negative singular)
agsamazun (imperative negative singular)
agsamayalïm (imperative negative plural)
agsamayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
agsamazun (imperative negative plural)

Proto-Common Turkic: *aksa-

Proto-Oghuz: *aksa-

West Oghuz:

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (aqsamaq)

Azerbaijani: axsamaq

Ottoman Turkish: آقسامق (aksamak)

Turkish: aksamak

Kipchak:

Kipchak: اقساماق (aqsamaq)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: аҡһау (aqhaw, “to limp”), аҡһандау (aqhandaw, “to limp slightly”), аҡһаҡ (aqhaq, “lame, limping”)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: aqsamaq

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: ақсаңдау (aqsañdau)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: акса- (aksa-), аксаңда- (aksaŋda-)

Southern Altai: акса- (aksa-), аксаҥ- (aksaŋ-), аксаҥда- (aksaŋda-)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: ʾʾqsʾ- (aɣsa-/aqsa-/axsa-)

Sevortjan suggets a derivation from *āg- (“to rise; to dangle”) and Nişanyan connects it to *ak- (“to flow”), however he also rejects both theories on the bases of semantics. Most other linguists consider it simplex.


yï̄gla-

trk-cmn-conj-head

yï̄gladačï, yï̄glamakčï, yï̄glasïk, yï̄glayačak

yï̄gladačï ben, yï̄glamakčï ben, yï̄glayačak ben

yï̄gladačï sen, yï̄glamakčï sen, yï̄glayačak sen

yï̄gladačï biz, yï̄glamakčï biz, yï̄glayačak biz

yï̄gladačï siz, yï̄glamakčï siz, yï̄glayačak siz

yï̄glamasak, yï̄glamasamïz, yï̄glamasar biz

yï̄glamak (infinitive)
yï̄glagan (participle present)
yï̄glagma (participle present)
yï̄glar (participle present)
yï̄gladuk (participle past)
yï̄glamïš (participle past)
yï̄gladačï (future participle)
yï̄glamakčï (future participle)
yï̄glasïk (future participle)
yï̄glayačak (future participle)
yï̄glama (noun-from-verb)
yï̄glag (noun-from-verb)
yï̄glagu (noun-from-verb)
yï̄glaš (adverbial)
yï̄glar ben (aorist indicative singular)
yï̄glar sen (aorist indicative singular)
yï̄glar (aorist indicative singular)
yï̄glar biz (aorist indicative plural)
yï̄glar siz (aorist indicative plural)
yï̄glar (aorist indicative plural)
yï̄gladïm (indicative past singular)
yï̄gladïŋ (indicative past singular)
yï̄gladï (indicative past singular)
yï̄gladïk (indicative past plural)
yï̄gladïmïz (indicative past plural)
yï̄gladïŋïz (indicative past plural)
yï̄gladï (indicative past plural)
yï̄glamïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
yï̄glamïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
yï̄glamïš (indicative inferential past singular)
yï̄glamïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
yï̄glamïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
yï̄glamïš (indicative inferential past plural)
yï̄gladačï ben (future indicative singular)
yï̄glamakčï ben (future indicative singular)
yï̄glayačak ben (future indicative singular)
yï̄gladačï sen (future indicative singular)
yï̄glamakčï sen (future indicative singular)
yï̄glayačak sen (future indicative singular)
yï̄gladačï (future indicative singular)
yï̄glamakčï (future indicative singular)
yï̄glayačak (future indicative singular)
yï̄gladačï biz (future indicative plural)
yï̄glamakčï biz (future indicative plural)
yï̄glayačak biz (future indicative plural)
yï̄gladačï siz (future indicative plural)
yï̄glamakčï siz (future indicative plural)
yï̄glayačak siz (future indicative plural)
yï̄gladačï (future indicative plural)
yï̄glamakčï (future indicative plural)
yï̄glayačak (future indicative plural)
yï̄glagay ben (future indicative singular)
yï̄glagay sen (future indicative singular)
yï̄glagay (future indicative singular)
yï̄glagay biz (future indicative plural)
yï̄glagay siz (future indicative plural)
yï̄glagay (future indicative plural)
yï̄glasïkïm (future indicative singular)
yï̄glasïkïŋ (future indicative singular)
yï̄glasïk (future indicative singular)
yï̄glasïkïmïz (future indicative plural)
yï̄glasïkïŋïz (future indicative plural)
yï̄glasïk (future indicative plural)
yï̄glasam (conditional singular)
yï̄glasar ben (conditional singular)
yï̄glasaŋ (conditional singular)
yï̄glasar sen (conditional singular)
yï̄glasa (conditional singular)
yï̄glasar (conditional singular)
yï̄glasak (conditional plural)
yï̄glasamïz (conditional plural)
yï̄glasar biz (conditional plural)
yï̄glasaŋïz (conditional plural)
yï̄glasar siz (conditional plural)
yï̄glasalar (conditional plural)
yï̄glasar (conditional plural)
yï̄glagay ben (optative singular)
yï̄glagay sen (optative singular)
yï̄glagay (optative singular)
yï̄glagay biz (optative plural)
yï̄glagay siz (optative plural)
yï̄glagay (optative plural)
yï̄glamakda ben (progressive singular)
yï̄glamakda sen (progressive singular)
yï̄glamakda (progressive singular)
yï̄glamakda biz (plural progressive)
yï̄glamakda siz (plural progressive)
yï̄glamakda (plural progressive)
yï̄glamalïg ben (necessitative singular)
yï̄glamalïg sen (necessitative singular)
yï̄glamalïg (necessitative singular)
yï̄glamalïg biz (necessitative plural)
yï̄glamalïg siz (necessitative plural)
yï̄glamalïg (necessitative plural)
yï̄glayayïn (imperative singular)
yï̄gla (imperative singular)
yï̄glagïl (imperative singular)
yï̄glazun (imperative singular)
yï̄glayalïm (imperative plural)
yï̄glayïŋ (imperative plural)
yï̄glazun (imperative plural)
yï̄glamamak (infinitive negative)
yï̄glamagan (negative participle present)
yï̄glamagma (negative participle present)
yï̄glamaz (negative participle present)
yï̄glamaduk (negative participle past)
yï̄glamamïš (negative participle past)
yï̄glamačï (future negative participle)
yï̄glamasïk (future negative participle)
yï̄glamayačak (future negative participle)
yï̄glamama (negative noun-from-verb)
yï̄glamag (negative noun-from-verb)
yï̄glamagu (negative noun-from-verb)
yï̄glamaš (adverbial negative)
yï̄glamaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamadïm (indicative negative past singular)
yï̄glamadïŋ (indicative negative past singular)
yï̄glamadï (indicative negative past singular)
yï̄glamadïk (indicative negative past plural)
yï̄glamadïmïz (indicative negative past plural)
yï̄glamadïŋïz (indicative negative past plural)
yï̄glamadï (indicative negative past plural)
yï̄glamamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
yï̄glamamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
yï̄glamamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
yï̄glamamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
yï̄glamamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
yï̄glamamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
yï̄glamačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamačï (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamayačak (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamačï (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamayačak (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamagay (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamagay (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamasïkïm (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamasïkïŋ (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamasïk (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamasïkïmïz (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamasïkïŋïz (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamasïk (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamasam (conditional negative singular)
yï̄glamasar ben (conditional negative singular)
yï̄glamasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
yï̄glamasar sen (conditional negative singular)
yï̄glamasa (conditional negative singular)
yï̄glamasar (conditional negative singular)
yï̄glamasak (conditional negative plural)
yï̄glamasamïz (conditional negative plural)
yï̄glamasar biz (conditional negative plural)
yï̄glamasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
yï̄glamasar siz (conditional negative plural)
yï̄glamasalar (conditional negative plural)
yï̄glamasar (conditional negative plural)
yï̄glamagay ben (negative optative singular)
yï̄glamagay sen (negative optative singular)
yï̄glamagay (negative optative singular)
yï̄glamagay biz (negative optative plural)
yï̄glamagay siz (negative optative plural)
yï̄glamagay (negative optative plural)
yï̄glamamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
yï̄glamamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
yï̄glamamakda (negative progressive singular)
yï̄glamamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
yï̄glamamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
yï̄glamamakda (negative plural progressive)
yï̄glamamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
yï̄glamamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
yï̄glamamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
yï̄glamamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
yï̄glamamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
yï̄glamamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
yï̄glamayayïn (imperative negative singular)
yï̄glama (imperative negative singular)
yï̄glamagïl (imperative negative singular)
yï̄glamazun (imperative negative singular)
yï̄glamayalïm (imperative negative plural)
yï̄glamayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
yï̄glamazun (imperative negative plural)

Arghu:

Khalaj: hığlamaq

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: آغلامق (aġlamaq)

Azerbaijani: ağlamaq

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: آغلامق
Turkish: ağlamak
Gagauz: aalamaa

→ Crimean Tatar: ağlamaq

Salar: yağlağusı

Turkmen: āglamak

Karluk:

desc

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yığla-), [script needed] (ığla-)

desctree

Chagatai: ییغلاماق (yiğlamaq), یغلاماق (yiğlamaq)
Uzbek: yigʻlamoq
Uyghur: يىغلىماق (yighlimaq)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: илау (ilaw)

Tatar: еларга (yelarga)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: cılamaq

Kumyk: йыламакъ (yılamaq)

Karachay-Balkar: жиляргъа (jilyarğa)

Karaim: jylamak, ilamah

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: jılav

Kazakh: жылау (jylau)

Nogai:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: ыйлоо (ıyloo)

Southern Altai: ыйлаар (ïylaar)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ığla-)

North Siberian:

Yakut: ыйылаа (ıyılaa, “to cry out”)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Shor: ылғарға (ïlğarğa)

Khakas: [script needed] (ıı, “cry(?)”)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (yığla-)

From Proto-Turkic *yï̄g + *-la. It could be an imitative word. As in the Turkish verb havlamak, hav is the sound made by dogs and it becomes a verb with the same suffix.

(Common Turkic, intransitive) to weep, cry


tolkun

tolkun (nominative singular)
tolkunlar (nominative plural)
tolkunnïŋ (genitive singular)
tolkunlarnïŋ (genitive plural)
tolkunka (dative singular)
tolkunlarka (dative plural)
tolkunda (locative singular)
tolkunlarda (locative plural)
tolkundan (ablative singular)
tolkunlardan (ablative plural)
tolkunlarïn (instrumental plural)
tolkunča (equative singular)
tolkunlarča (equative plural)

Oghuz:

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: tolkun

Karluk:

Uyghur: دولقۇن (dolqun)

Uzbek: toʻlqin

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: тулҡын (tulqın)

Tatar: дулкын (dulkın)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: tolqun

Kumyk: толкъун (tolqun)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: толқын (tolqyn)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: толкун (tolkun)

desc

Southern Altai: толгон (tolgon), толкун (tolkun), толку (tolku)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: долгун (dolgun)

From Proto-Turkic *tolku- (“to get disturbed (of water).”) + *-n. Somehow akin to Proto-Mongolic *dalxiyan (“wave”).


simki-

Oghur:

Chuvash: шӑнкар (šănk̬ar)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Ottoman Turkish: سومكورمك (sümkürmek)

Gagauz: sümkürmää

Turkish: sümkürmek

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: sümgürmek

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һемгереү (hemgerew)

West Kipchak:

Karaim: [script needed] (siŋir-)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: [script needed] (simbir-)

desc

Southern Altai: чыҥыр- (čïŋïr-), чимир- (čimir-),

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (sĭŋbĭr-)

Kazakh: сіңбіру (sıñbıru)

Nogai: [script needed] (simgir-)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: сиңмирер (siñmirer)

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (sĭŋĭr-)


kičüg

Oghur:

Proto-Bulgar: *kičin

→ Hungarian: kicsiny, kicsi

Volga Bulgar: كجن (kiçin)

Chuvash: кӗҫӗн (kĕś̬ĕn)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: كچوك (kiçük), کیچی (giçi)

Azerbaijani: kiçik

Ottoman Turkish: كوچوك (küçük)

Gagauz: küçük

Turkish: küçük

Salar: kiçi

Turkmen: kiçi

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (kiçüg)

Chagatai: کچیک (kičik)

Uzbek: kichik

Uyghur: كىچىك (kichik)

Kipchak: كچك (küčüg, käčig)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: кесе (kese)

Tatar: кече (keçe)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: kiçik

Kumyk: гиччи (giççi)

Karachay-Balkar: гитче (gitçe)

Karaim: [script needed] (kičkenä)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: kishi

Kazakh: кіші (kışı)

Nogai: кичик (kiçik)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кичүү (kicüü)

Southern Altai: кичӱ (kičü)

→ Hungarian: kis

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰚𐰃𐰲𐰏 (kičg)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (kiçig)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (kıçiğ)

North Siberian:

Yakut: куччугуй (kuccuguy)

Dolgan: [script needed] (küççügüy)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Shor: кичиг

Khakas: кічіг (kìçìg)

Northern Altai: киджиг (kidžig)

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *kicig (“puppy”).


bürtük

bürtük (nominative singular)
bürtüküg (accusative singular)
bürtükni (accusative singular)
bürtüknüŋ (genitive singular)
bürtükke (dative singular)
bürtükde (locative singular)
bürtükden (ablative singular)
bürtükgerü (allative singular)
bürtükün (instrumental singular)
bürtükče (equative singular)
bürtükleyü (singular)
bürtüklügü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

desctree

Volga Bulgar: برت (bürtü)
Chuvash: пӗрчӗ (pĕrč̬ĕ)
→ Eastern Mari: пырче (pyrče)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: pürtük (“powder, dust”)

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: pürtük (“tuberose, grain”) (meaning of grain is dialect in Düzce, Kastamonu, Çorum, Gaziantep, Yozgat, Kırşehir, Kayseri, Niğde)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: бөртөк (börtök)

Tatar: бөртек (börtek)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: bürtük

Kumyk: [script needed] (bürtük)

Karachay-Balkar: бюртюк (bürtük)

Karaim: бюртюк

→? Turkish: bürtük (dial. in Istanbul, 1965)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: бүртік (bürtık)

Nogai: [script needed] (bürtik)

Karakalpak: bürtik

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: бүртүк (bürtük)

Siberian:

Yakut: бурдук (burduk)


üküĺ

Oghur:

Volga Bulgar: اَكِل (ekil)

→ Kipchak: اُكِلْ (ükil)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: اوكش (՚wkş /ügüş, üküş/), یوكش (ywkş /yüküş, yügüş/), اكوش (/üküş/), اوكوش (՚wkwş /üküş, ügüş/), اكش (՚kş /üküş/)
Azerbaijani: yügüş
Ottoman Turkish: اوكش (üküş, üğüş)
Turkish: (dialectal) öğüş

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اُكُشْ (՚ukuš /üküš/)

Khorezmian Turkic: وُكوش (üküş)

Chagatai: اوکوش (/üküš/)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰜𐰇𐱁 (k̥üš /üküš/)

Old Kirghiz: 𐰇𐰛𐰇𐱀 (üküš)

desc

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (՚wykwš /üküš/)

North Siberian:

Yakut: үгүс (ügüs)

Dolgan: үгүс (ügüs)


topra-

Common Turkic:

Karakhanid: تُبْراماقْ (topramaq)

From Proto-Turkic *topur + *-a. Compare to Evenki [script needed] (taparā-, “to become dirty”). Related to Karakhanid تُبُرْغانْ (topurğan).

cog

(transitive) to turn into dust, dry out, make dry


topur

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish:

desc

Turkish: topur (“patch, piece of earth”) (dial)

Turkmen: topur (“earth”)

Compare to Proto-Mongolic *toxusun, Mongolian тоос (toos).


tāla-

Oghur:

Chuvash: тула (tula, “to harm, slander”)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: talamaq

Ottoman Turkish: طالامق (talamak)

Turkish: talamak (dialectal)

Turkmen: tālamak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (tala-)

Uzbek: talamoq

Uyghur: تالاـ (tala-)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: талау (talaw)

Tatar: [script needed] (tala-)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: таламакъ (talamaq)

Karaim: [script needed] (tala-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (tala-)

Kazakh: талау (talau)

Nogai: [script needed] (tala-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: талоо (taloo)

Southern Altai: талаар (talaar)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tala-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (tala-)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (tala-)

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *tala- (“to rob”), Manchu ᡨᠠᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ (talambi, “to confiscate; to lay out”).


tāla-

Oghur:

Chuvash: тула (tula)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: dalamaq

desc

Ottoman Turkish: طالامق (talamak, dalamak)

Turkish: dalamak

Gagauz: dalamaa

Turkmen: dālamak

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: талау (talaw)

Tatar: [script needed] (tala-)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: talamaq

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: талау (talau)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: талаар (talaar, “to abuse”)

Also reconstructed as *dāla- because there is a semantic distinction in Oghuz languages according to the beginning of the word.
Compared to Proto-Tungusic *dala- (“to lap, swill”), also Proto-Mongolic *dōlu-ğa (“to lick”).


yol-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫул (śul)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yolmaq

Ottoman Turkish: یولمق (yolmak)

Turkish: yolmak

Gagauz: yolmaa

Turkmen: ýolmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: یُلْماقْ (yolmaq)

Uzbek: yulmoq

Uyghur: يۇلماق (yulmaq)

Kipchak:

Kipchak–Bulgar:

Bashkir: йолҡоу (yolqow)

Tatar: [script needed] (yolqu-)

Kipchak–Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: yulqmaq

Karachay-Balkar: джулкъаргъа (culk-)

Karaim: [script needed] (yulu-)

Kipchak–Nogai:

Karakalpak: julıw

Kazakh: жұлу (jūlu)

Kyrgyz–Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жулуу (juluu)

Southern Altai: јулар (ǰular)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰆𐰞- (y¹ul¹-)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yol-, yul-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (yul-)

North Siberian:

Yakut: сулуй (suluy)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: [script needed] (çul-)

Yenisei:

Shor: [script needed] (çul-)

Khakas: [script needed] (çul-)

(transitive) to tear out, pick out, pluck


ügüz

ügüz (nominative singular)
ügüzler (nominative plural)
ügüzniŋ (genitive singular)
ügüzlerniŋ (genitive plural)
ügüzke (dative singular)
ügüzlerke (dative plural)
ügüzde (locative singular)
ügüzlerde (locative plural)
ügüzden (ablative singular)
ügüzlerden (ablative plural)
ügüzlerin (instrumental plural)
ügüzče (equative singular)
ügüzlerče (equative plural)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰇𐰏𐰔 (ügüz/ögüz)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ügüz/ögüz)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (ügüz)

North Siberian:

>? Yakut: үрэх (üreq)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas: ӱӱс (üüs, “river”); also in river names

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (ügüz)

Uyghur: ئۆگزەن (ögzen, “small river”).

If it is related to Proto-Mongolic *üyer (“flood, freshet”) and Proto-Tungusic *ugē(r), it can be reconstructed as *ügüŕ.


bürge

bürge (nominative singular)
bürgeig (accusative singular)
bürgeni (accusative singular)
bürgeniŋ (genitive singular)
bürgeke (dative singular)
bürgede (locative singular)
bürgeden (ablative singular)
bürgegerü (allative singular)
bürgein (instrumental singular)
bürgeče (equative singular)
bürgeleyü (singular)
bürgeligü (comitative singular)
*bürče (alternative)
*bürgē (alternative)

Oghur: *bürče

Bulgar: *bürśe

Middle Chuvash: *pürśe

Chuvash: пӑрҫа (părś̬a)

>? Anatri Chuvash: порҫа (porś̬a)

Proto-Common Turkic: *bürge

→ Proto-Mongolic: *bürge (“flea”)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: birə

Ottoman Turkish: پیره (pire)

Gagauz: pirä

Turkish: pire

Salar: birge

Turkmen: büre

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بُرْكا (bürge)

Uzbek: burga

Uyghur: بۈرگە (bürge)

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Bulgar:

Bashkir: бөрсә (börsə)

Tatar: борча (borça), бүре (büre)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Karachay-Balkar: бюрче (bürçe)

Kumyk: бюрче (bürçe)

Karaim: бырчэ, пирэ

Karaim: бырчэ, пирэ

Kipchak-Nogai:

Karakalpak: bürge

Kazakh: бүрге (bürge)

Nogai: буьрше (bürşe)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: бүргө (bürgö)

From *bür (“leaf, bud”) + *-ge. Alternatively, from Proto-Turkic *bürü- (“to cover up, to dig oneself in”).
Compare Proto-Indo-European *plúsis and Proto-Afroasiatic *pVrɣVč (“flea”).

der

*bürü-<t:to cover up, to dig oneself in>


uč-

Oghur:

Chuvash: вӗҫ (vĕś)

Proto-Common Turkic: *uč-

Arghu:

Khalaj: uçmaq

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

desctree

Old Anatolian Turkish: اوچمق (uçmak), اوشمق (uşmaq)
Azerbaijani: uçmaq
Gagauz: uçmaa
Ottoman Turkish: اوچمق (uçmak)
Turkish: uçmak

East Oghuz:

Salar: üşgüsi (üç-)

Turkmen: uçmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (uč-)

Khorezmian Turkic: اوچماق (uçmaq)

Uzbek: uchmoq

Uyghur: ئۇچماق (uchmaq)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: осоу (osow)

Tatar: очарга (oçarga)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: uçmaq

Kumyk: учмакъ (uçmaq)

Karachay-Balkar: учаргъа (uçarğa)

Karaim: [script needed] (uč-)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: учуу (ucuu)

Southern Altai: учар (učar)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (uş-)

Kazakh: ұшу (ūşu)

Nogai: ушув (uşuv)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰆𐰲 (uč-)

Sayan:

Tofa: уъһяр

Tuvan: ужар (ujar)

Yenisei:

desc

Shor: учуғар

Shor: учуғар

Khakas: учугарға (uçugarğa)


sāyïn

Oghur:

Volga Bulgar: ـسم

Chuvash: -сем (-sem)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Turkmen: sāýyn

Karluk:

Karakhanid:

Chagatai:

Uzbek: sayin

Uyghur: [script needed] (sayın)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һайын (hayın)

Tatar: саен (sayen)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: сайын (sayın)

Karachay-Balkar: сайын (sayın)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: sayın

Kazakh: сайын (saiyn)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: сайын (sayın)

Southern Altai: сайын (sayïn)

Proto-Common Turkic: *sāyu

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰽𐰖𐰆 (sayu)

Old Uyghur: s՚yw

North Siberian:

Yakut: аайы (aayı)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas: сай (say)

The form *sāyu seen in the Siberian languages are from *sā- (“to count”) + *-yu (“gerundive suffix”) and the rest of the forms seem to be extended with *-ïn (“instrumental suffix”) from that.


agïŕ

agïŕ (nominative singular)
agïŕïg (accusative singular)
agïŕnï (accusative singular)
agïŕnïŋ (genitive singular)
agïŕka (dative singular)
agïŕda (locative singular)
agïŕdan (ablative singular)
agïŕgaru (allative singular)
agïŕïn (instrumental singular)
agïŕča (equative singular)
agïŕlayu (singular)
agïŕlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫӑвар (śăvar)

Arghu

Khalaj: âğız

Oghuz:

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: آغِزْ (āġız, aġız), آغُزْ (āġuz, aġuz)

Azerbaijani: ağız

Gagauz: aaz

Ottoman Turkish: آغز

Turkish: ağız

→ Persian: آغوز (âġuz)

Salar: ağız

Turkmen: agyz

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اَغِزْ (ağïz)

Uzbek: ogʻiz

Uyghur: ئېغىز (ëghiz)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak

Bashkir: ауыҙ (awıź)

Tatar: авыз (awız)

South Kipchak

Karakalpak: awız

Kazakh: ауыз (auyz)

Nogai: авыз (avız)

West Kipchak

Crimean Tatar: ağız

Karachay-Balkar: аууз (auuz)

Karaim: avuz

Kumyk: авуз (awuz)

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: ооз (ooz)

Southern Altai: оос (oos)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Chulym: ағыс (aɣïs)

Khakas: аас (aas)

Northern Altai: акыс (akïs), аас (aas)

Shor: аас (aas)

Tofa: аас (aas)

Tuvan: аас (aas)

Western Yugur: aɣïs, aχïs, aχs, aχsï

North Siberian:

Dolgan: уос (uos, “lip”)

Yakut: уос (uos, “lip”)


adïg

adïg (nominative singular)
adïglar (nominative plural)
adïgnïŋ (genitive singular)
adïglarnïŋ (genitive plural)
adïgka (dative singular)
adïglarka (dative plural)
adïgda (locative singular)
adïglarda (locative plural)
adïgdan (ablative singular)
adïglardan (ablative plural)
adïglarïn (instrumental plural)
adïgča (equative singular)
adïglarča (equative plural)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Proto-Oghuz: *ayï

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (ayı)

Azerbaijani: ayı

Ottoman Turkish: آیی (ayı)

Gagauz: ayı

Turkish: ayı

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: aýy

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اَذِغْ (aδïɣ)

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (aδïɣ) [script needed] (ayïq)

Chagatai: آيق (ayıq)

Uzbek: ayiq

Uyghur: ئېيىق (ëyiq)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: ايو (ayıw)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: ayuv

Karachay-Balkar: айю (ayü) айыу (ayıu)

Karaim: ayuv

Kumyk: аюв (ayuw)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: айыу (ayıw)

Tatar: аю (ayu)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: ayıw

Kazakh: аю (aü)

Nogai: аюв (ayuv)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: аюу (ayuu)

Southern Altai: айу (ayu)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰑𐰍 (adïɣ)

Old Uyghur:

→ Salar: atıq

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: адыг (adıg)

Yeniseian Turkic:

Khakas: азығ (azığ)

Nişanyan suggests that this is a tabooistic usage of *ādïg (“sober”). A comparison is made with Proto-Mongolic *ötegen (“father; bear”), however the Mongolic word is from Proto-Mongolic *öte- (“to get old”), see also Proto-Mongolic *ötel- (“to get old”). .


adgïr

adgïr (nominative singular)
adgïrïg (accusative singular)
adgïrnï (accusative singular)
adgïrnïŋ (genitive singular)
adgïrka (dative singular)
adgïrda (locative singular)
adgïrdan (ablative singular)
adgïrgaru (allative singular)
adgïrïn (instrumental singular)
adgïrča (equative singular)
adgïrlayu (singular)
adgïrlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ӑйӑр (ăjăr)

→ Proto-Mongolic: *ajïrga (“stallion”)

Proto-Common Turkic: *adgïr
** Proto-Oghuz: *ayɣïr
*** West Oghuz:
**** Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (ayğır)
***** Azerbaijani: ayğır (see there for further descendants)
***** Gagauz: haygır, aygır
***** Ottoman Turkish: آیغر (ayğır) (see there for further descendants)
****** Turkish: aygır
*** East Oghuz:
**** Turkmen: aýgyr
** Karluk:
*** Karakhanid: اَذْغِرْ (aδɣïr)
**** Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (aδɣïr), [script needed] (ayɣïr)
***** Chagatai: [script needed] (ayğır)
****** Uzbek: aygʻir
****** Uyghur: ئايغىر (ayghir)
** Kipchak:
*** Kipchak: ايغر (ayğır)
**** North Kipchak:
***** Bashkir: айғыр (ayğır)
***** Tatar: айгыр (aygır)
***** Siberian Tatar: айғыр (ayğır)
**** West Kipchak:
***** Crimean Tatar: ayğır
***** Karachay-Balkar: аджир (acir), ажир (ajir)
***** Kumyk: айгъыр (ayğır) (see there for further descendants)
**** South Kipchak:
***** Kazakh: айғыр (aiğyr)
***** Karakalpak: айғыр (ayğır)
**** East Kipchak:
***** Kyrgyz: айгыр (aygır)
***** Southern Altai: айгыр (aygïr)
**** → Polish: ogier (see there for further descendants)
**** → Ukrainian: огир (ohyr)
**** → Chechen: айгӏар (ajğar)
** Siberian:
*** Old Turkic: 𐰑𐰍𐰺 (adɣïr)
**** Old Uyghur: ʾʾdqyr (adɣïr)
***** Western Yugur: azɣər (azğïr)
*** North Siberian:
**** Yakut: атыыр (atıır)
*** South Siberian:
**** Sayan Turkic:
***** Tofa: асқыр
***** Tuvan: аскыр (askır)
**** Yeniseian Turkic:
***** Khakas: асхыр (asxır)
***** Shor: асқыр
***** Chulym: asqïr
***** → Arin: askɨr
***** → Assan: askir
***** → Kott: askar


yẹl

yẹl (nominative singular)
yẹlig (accusative singular)
yẹlni (accusative singular)
yẹlniŋ (genitive singular)
yẹlke (dative singular)
yẹlde (locative singular)
yẹlden (ablative singular)
yẹlgerü (allative singular)
yẹlin (instrumental singular)
yẹlče (equative singular)
yẹlleyü (singular)
yẹlligü (comitative singular)

Oghur: *ǰēl

Proto-Bulgar: *č́ēl

Danube Bulgar: *sēl ~ śēl

→ Old Hungarian: ſeel (sēl, *śēl)

Hungarian: szél

Volga Bulgar: *?

Old Chuvash: *śēl

Chuvash: ҫил (śil)

→ Proto-Permic: *śu̇l (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Common Turkic: *yẹl ~ *yẹ̄l

Arghu:

Khalaj: yel (/jɛˑl/, /jeːl/)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: یل (yẹl), ییل

Azerbaijani: yel

Gagauz: el

Ottoman Turkish: یل (yel), ییل

Turkish: yel

Salar: yel

Turkmen: ýel

Karluk:

Karakhanid: یَلْ (yel)

Chagatai: ییل (yel)

Uyghur: يەل (yel)

Uzbek: yel

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: җил (cil), cil

Bashkir: ел (yel)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: yel, ель

Karachay-Balkar: жел (jel), джел (cel)

Karaim: йэль

Kumyk: ел (yel)

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: жел (jel)

Nogai: ел (yel)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жел (jel)

Southern Altai: јел (ǰel)

Siberian:

desctree

Old Uyghur: 𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁 (yyyl /yél, yḗl, yiél/)
→⇒ Classical Mongolian: ᠳᠡᠯᠢ
ᠰᠤᠯᠠ (deli sula, “worthless, unnecessary”)
→⇒? Mongolian: дэл (del, “mane”)
Western Yugur: jel (yel, “wind”)
⇒ Western Yugur: jelə (yelï, “horse mane”)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas: чил (çil)

Unknown. Possibly related to Old Uyghur 𐰘𐰃𐰠 (y²il², “mane”) and Karakhanid یَلِغْ (yalïğ, “comb of a rooster”).


bat-

Oghur: *bat-

Middle Chuvash: *påt-

Chuvash: пут (put)

Proto-Common Turkic: *bat-

Arghu:

Khalaj: batmaq

Oghuz:

Proto-Oghuz: *bat-

Old Anatolian Turkish: بتمق (batmaq)

Azerbaijani: batmaq

Gagauz: batmaa

Ottoman Turkish: باتمق (batmak)

Turkish: batmak

Salar: pat

Turkmen: batmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: باتْماق (batmaq)

desc

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (batmaq)

Chagatai: باتماق (batmaq)

Uzbek: botmoq

Uyghur: باتماق (batmaq)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: باتماق (batmaq)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: батыу (batıw)

Tatar: батмак (batmaq)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: batmaq

Karachay-Balkar: батмакъ (batmaq)

Karaim: [script needed] (bat-)

Kumyk: батмакъ (batmaq)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: бату (batu)

Karakalpak: батыў (batıw)

Nogai: батув (batuv)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: батуу (batuu)

Southern Altai: бадар (badar)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰉𐱃 (b¹t¹ /bat/)

Old Uyghur: 𐽼𐽰𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽷 (batmak)

Western Yugur: pat (paʰt)

North Siberian:

Yakut: бат (bat)

South Kipchak:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: батар (batar)

Tofa: бат- (bat-)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: пат (pat)

Shor: пат (pat-)


ür-

Oghur:

Chuvash: вӗр (vĕr)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz: *ǖr-

Old Anatolian Turkish: اورمك (ürmek)

Azerbaijani: hürmək (“to bark”)

Gagauz: üürümää (“to bark”)

Ottoman Turkish: اورومك (ürümek)

Turkish: ürümek (“to bark”)

Salar: fürgüsi (“to bark”)

Turkmen: üýrmek (“to bark”)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: өрөү (öröw)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: үрлеу (ürleu)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: үрүү (ürüü)

Southern Altai: ӱрер (ürer)

Siberian:

Yakut: үр (ür)

Nişanyan suggests a derivation from earlier *üwür- or *üyür-, a derivation from the onomatopoeic *ü or *üw (“blowing sound”), which he and Räsänen compare to Turkish üfürmek (“to blow”) and Azerbaijani üfürmək (“to blow”), both from Old Anatolian Turkish اورمك (üvürmek).. An onomatopoeic origin from would also make this root related to Turkish and Turkmen üflemek, Azerbaijani üfləmək, Gagauz üflemää etc.. Räsänen also compares *ör- (“to speak loudly”)


bïĺč-

Oghur: *bič-, *bilč-

Proto-Bulgar: *biś-

Volga Bulgar: *?

Chuvash: пиҫ (piś)

⇒ Oghur: *bilč-er-

Proto-Bulgar: *biśer-

Volga Bulgar: *piśer-

⇒ Chuvash: пĕçер (pĕçer)

Proto-Common Turkic: *biš-, *biš-ir-

Arghu:

Khalaj: bışmaq

Proto-Oghuz: *biš-

Old Anatolian Turkish: بشمك (bişmek)

Azerbaijani: bişmək

Ottoman Turkish: بشمك (bişmek), پیشمك (pişmek)

Gagauz: pişmää

Turkish: pişmek, pişirmek

Salar: pişgüsi

Turkmen: bişmek

Karluk: *bïš-

Karakhanid: بِشْماقْ (bışma:q)

Chagatai: [script needed] (biş-, bışur-)

Uyghur: پىشماق (pishmaq)

Uzbek: pishmoq

Kipchak:

Kipchak: بشماك (bişmek)

Kipchak-Bulgar:

Bashkir: бешеү (beşew)

Tatar: пешерергә (peşerergä)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: pişmek

Karachay-Balkar: биширге (bişirge)

⇒ Karaim: пиширмэк (piširmék)

⇒ Kumyk: биширмек (bişirmek)

Kipchak-Nogai:

⇒ Nogai: писируьв (pisirüv)

Kazakh: пісу (pısu)

Karakalpak: [script needed] (pis-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: бышуу (bışuu)

Southern Altai: быжар (bïžar)

Siberian Turkic: *bïš- ~ *biš-

Old Uyghur: 𐰋𐰃𐰾 (b²is² /biš-/) (Ïrḳ Bitig)

Old Uyghur: 𐽼𐽶𐽿𐽹𐽰𐽲 (pyšmʾq /bïš-/) (post 10th century)

Western Yugur: bəhs- (bïʰs-, bïʰš-)

North Siberian Turkic:

⇒ Dolgan: буспут (busput-)

Yakut: бус (bus)

South Siberian Turkic:

Sayan: *bïš-ta-

Tofa: пашта (bašta-)

Tuvan: паштаар (paştaar)

Yenisei: *bïš-ar-

Khakas: пызарға (pızarğa)

Shor: пыжыр (pïžïr-)


yūt-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫӑт (śăt)

Arghu:

Khalaj: yûtmaq

Oghuz: يُوتْماقْ (yu:tma:q)

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: udmaq

Ottoman Turkish: یوتمق

Gagauz: yutkunmaa, yudum

Turkish: yutmak (dial. yud-), yudum

Salar: uğutğusı

Turkmen: ýuwutmak (ýuwud-)

Karluk:

Chagatai:

Uyghur: [script needed] (yut-)

Uzbek: yutmoq

Kipchak: يُوتْماقْ (yu:tma:q)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: йотоу (yotow)

Tatar: йоту (yotu)

Cuman-Kipchak: jout-

Crimean Tatar: yutmaq

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (ǯut-)

Karaim: [script needed] (yut-)

Kumyk: [script needed] (yut-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (žut-)

Kazakh: жұту (jūtu)

Nogai: [script needed] (yut-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жутуу (jutuu)

Southern Altai: јудар (ǰudar)


yorï-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫӳре (śüre)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: یُورِمَكْ (yörimek), یُورِمَقْ (yorımaq)

Azerbaijani: yerimək, yürümək, -yür

Gagauz: örümää, -er, -ii

Ottoman Turkish: یورمك

Turkish: yürümek, -iyor

Turkmen: ýöremek

Karluk:

Uyghur: يۈرمەك (yürmek)

Uzbek: yurmoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak

Bashkir: йөрөү (yöröw)

South Kipchak

Kazakh: жүру (jüru)

West Kipchak

Crimean Tatar: yürmek

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: жүрүү (jürüü)

Southern Altai: јӱрер (ǰürer), јӱр- (ǰür-)

Siberian Turkic:

Old Turkic: 𐰘𐰇𐰼𐰃 (yöri-), 𐰖𐰆𐰺𐰃 (yorï-)

desctree

Old Uyghur: 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽶𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ywrymʾq /yorïmaḳ/)
Western Yugur: jor- (yor-)

North Siberian:

Yakut: сырыт (sırıt)

South Siberian:

Tuvan: чоруур (çoruur)

The form *yorï- is probably more archaic.


āg-

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: ağmaq (dial.)

Ottoman Turkish:

Gagauz: aaamaa (“to vaporize”)

Turkish: ağmak

Turkmen: āgmak

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: ауу (auu)

desc

Proto-Turkic: *āgtar- (“to turn upside down; to plough”)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: aktarmak

Salar: aqdarğusı

Turkmen: āgdarmak

Karluk:

Uyghur: [script needed] (ağdurmaq)

Uzbek: agdarmoq (“to turn down”)

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: аудару (audaru)

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: аткарар (atkarar), аҥдарар (aŋdarar)

Proto-Turkic: *āgna- (“to wallow (animals)”)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: ağnamaq

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: ağnamak

Turkmen: āgynamak

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: аунау (aunau)

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: аҥданар (aŋdanar)

(intransitive) to rise up, climb over, exceed


āy-

Proto-Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: hâymaq

Oghuz

Old Anatolian Turkish: ایمق (aymaq)

Karluk

Karakhanid: اَیْماقْ (/aymaq/)

Khorezmian Turkic: ایماق (aymaq)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰖 (y¹)

Yakut: ый (ıy, “to indicate”)

South Siberian:

Northern Altai: айарга (ayarga)

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *āyït- (causative)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ыйт (yjt)

Oghuz: اَیِتْماقْ (ʾayitmʾq /ayïtmaq/)

Old Anatolian Turkish: ایتمك (eyitmek, eytmek), ایتمق (ayıtmaq, aytmaq), ایدمك (eyidmek), اتمك (etmek)

Ottoman Turkish: ایتمك (eyitmek)

Turkish: eyitmek, ayıtmak

Turkmen: aýtmak

Kipchak:

North Kipchak

Bashkir: әйтеү (əytew)

Tatar: әйтергә (äytergä), Tatar: әйтү (äytü)

West Kipchak

Kipchak: ayt (Codex Cumanicus)

Kumyk: айтмакъ (aytmaq)

Crimean Tatar: aytmaq

South Kipchak

Kazakh: айту (aitu)

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: айтуу (aytuu)

Southern Altai: айдар (aydar)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اَیِتْماقْ (ʾayitmʾq /ayïtmaq/)

Uzbek: aytmoq

Uyghur: ئېيتماق (ëytmaq)

Siberian:

Yakut: ыйыт (ıyıt, “to ask”, causative)