adïr-

trk-cmn-conj-head

adïrtačï ben, adïrmakčï ben, adïračak ben

adïrtačï sen, adïrmakčï sen, adïračak sen

adïrtačï biz, adïrmakčï biz, adïračak biz

adïrtačï siz, adïrmakčï siz, adïračak siz

adïrmak (infinitive)
adïrgan (participle present)
adïrïgma (participle present)
adïrur (participle present)
adïrtuk (participle past)
adïrmïš (participle past)
adïrtačï (future participle)
adïrmakčï (future participle)
adïrsïk (future participle)
adïračak (future participle)
adïrma (noun-from-verb)
adïrïg (noun-from-verb)
adïrgu (noun-from-verb)
adïrïš (adverbial)
adïrur ben (aorist indicative singular)
adïrur sen (aorist indicative singular)
adïrur (aorist indicative singular)
adïrur biz (aorist indicative plural)
adïrur siz (aorist indicative plural)
adïrur (aorist indicative plural)
adïrtïm (indicative past singular)
adïrtïŋ (indicative past singular)
adïrtï (indicative past singular)
adïrtïk (indicative past plural)
adïrtïmïz (indicative past plural)
adïrtïŋïz (indicative past plural)
adïrtï (indicative past plural)
adïrmïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
adïrmïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
adïrmïš (indicative inferential past singular)
adïrmïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
adïrmïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
adïrmïš (indicative inferential past plural)
adïrtačï ben (future indicative singular)
adïrmakčï ben (future indicative singular)
adïračak ben (future indicative singular)
adïrtačï sen (future indicative singular)
adïrmakčï sen (future indicative singular)
adïračak sen (future indicative singular)
adïrtačï (future indicative singular)
adïrmakčï (future indicative singular)
adïračak (future indicative singular)
adïrtačï biz (future indicative plural)
adïrmakčï biz (future indicative plural)
adïračak biz (future indicative plural)
adïrtačï siz (future indicative plural)
adïrmakčï siz (future indicative plural)
adïračak siz (future indicative plural)
adïrtačï (future indicative plural)
adïrmakčï (future indicative plural)
adïračak (future indicative plural)
adïrgay ben (future indicative singular)
adïrgay sen (future indicative singular)
adïrgay (future indicative singular)
adïrgay biz (future indicative plural)
adïrgay siz (future indicative plural)
adïrgay (future indicative plural)
adïrsïkïm (future indicative singular)
adïrsïkïŋ (future indicative singular)
adïrsïk (future indicative singular)
adïrsïkïmïz (future indicative plural)
adïrsïkïŋïz (future indicative plural)
adïrsïk (future indicative plural)
adïrsam (conditional singular)
adïrsar ben (conditional singular)
adïrsaŋ (conditional singular)
adïrsar sen (conditional singular)
adïrsa (conditional singular)
adïrsar (conditional singular)
adïrsak (conditional plural)
adïrsamïz (conditional plural)
adïrsar biz (conditional plural)
adïrsaŋïz (conditional plural)
adïrsar siz (conditional plural)
adïrsalar (conditional plural)
adïrsar (conditional plural)
adïrgay ben (optative singular)
adïrgay sen (optative singular)
adïrgay (optative singular)
adïrgay biz (optative plural)
adïrgay siz (optative plural)
adïrgay (optative plural)
adïrmakda ben (progressive singular)
adïrmakda sen (progressive singular)
adïrmakda (progressive singular)
adïrmakda biz (plural progressive)
adïrmakda siz (plural progressive)
adïrmakda (plural progressive)
adïrmalïg ben (necessitative singular)
adïrmalïg sen (necessitative singular)
adïrmalïg (necessitative singular)
adïrmalïg biz (necessitative plural)
adïrmalïg siz (necessitative plural)
adïrmalïg (necessitative plural)
adïrayïn (imperative singular)
adïr (imperative singular)
adïrgïl (imperative singular)
adïrzun (imperative singular)
adïralïm (imperative plural)
adïrïŋ (imperative plural)
adïrzun (imperative plural)
adïrmamak (infinitive negative)
adïrmagan (negative participle present)
adïrmagma (negative participle present)
adïrmaz (negative participle present)
adïrmaduk (negative participle past)
adïrmamïš (negative participle past)
adïrmačï (future negative participle)
adïrmasïk (future negative participle)
adïrmayačak (future negative participle)
adïrmama (negative noun-from-verb)
adïrmag (negative noun-from-verb)
adïrmagu (negative noun-from-verb)
adïrmayïš (adverbial negative)
adïrmaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
adïrmaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
adïrmaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
adïrmaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
adïrmaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
adïrmaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
adïrmadïm (indicative negative past singular)
adïrmadïŋ (indicative negative past singular)
adïrmadï (indicative negative past singular)
adïrmadïk (indicative negative past plural)
adïrmadïmïz (indicative negative past plural)
adïrmadïŋïz (indicative negative past plural)
adïrmadï (indicative negative past plural)
adïrmamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
adïrmamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
adïrmamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
adïrmamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
adïrmamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
adïrmamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
adïrmačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmačï (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmayačak (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmačï (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmayačak (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmagay (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmagay (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmasïkïm (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmasïkïŋ (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmasïk (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmasïkïmïz (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmasïkïŋïz (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmasïk (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmasam (conditional negative singular)
adïrmasar ben (conditional negative singular)
adïrmasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
adïrmasar sen (conditional negative singular)
adïrmasa (conditional negative singular)
adïrmasar (conditional negative singular)
adïrmasak (conditional negative plural)
adïrmasamïz (conditional negative plural)
adïrmasar biz (conditional negative plural)
adïrmasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
adïrmasar siz (conditional negative plural)
adïrmasalar (conditional negative plural)
adïrmasar (conditional negative plural)
adïrmagay ben (negative optative singular)
adïrmagay sen (negative optative singular)
adïrmagay (negative optative singular)
adïrmagay biz (negative optative plural)
adïrmagay siz (negative optative plural)
adïrmagay (negative optative plural)
adïrmamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
adïrmamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
adïrmamakda (negative progressive singular)
adïrmamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
adïrmamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
adïrmamakda (negative plural progressive)
adïrmamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
adïrmamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
adïrmamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
adïrmamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
adïrmamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
adïrmamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
adïrmayayïn (imperative negative singular)
adïrma (imperative negative singular)
adïrmagïl (imperative negative singular)
adïrmazun (imperative negative singular)
adïrmayalïm (imperative negative plural)
adïrmayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
adïrmazun (imperative negative plural)

Oghur:

Chuvash: уйӑр (ujăr)

Proto-Common Turkic: *adïr-

Arghu:

Khalaj: hadırmaq

Proto-Oghuz: *ayïr-

West Oghuz:

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (ayırmaq)

Azerbaijani: ayırmaq

Ottoman Turkish: آيرمق (ayırmak)

Turkish: ayırmak

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: aýyrmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اَذِرْماقْ (aδïrmaq)

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (aδïrmaq) [script needed] (ayïrmaq)

Chagatai: ايرماق (ayırmaq)

Uzbek: ayirmoq

Kipchak: ايرماق (ayırmaq)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: айырыу (ayırıw)

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: айыру (aiyru)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: айыруу (ayıruu)

Southern Altai: айырар (ayïrar)

Siberian:

⇒ Old Turkic: 𐰑𐰺𐰞 (adrïl-)

North Siberian:

Yakut: атыр (atır)

South Siberian:

Yeniseian Turkic:

Khakas: азырарға (azırarğa)

→ Mongolian: ажрах (ažrax, “to distinguish, notice”)

→ Kazakh: ажырау (ajyrau)

→ Kyrgyz: ажыроо (ajıroo)

From *ad- (“to seperate”) + *-ïr-, the root is not attested on its own.
Some like Erdal and Nişanyan suggest *ādïl- (“to sober”) and *ādïg (“sober”) are derived from the same root as well, however some reconstruct an alternative *ād- (“to sober”) root on the bases of Turkish aymak, however that verb is attested at a very late date and may be a back-formation.
Clauson suggests *üdür- (“to choose; to separate, scatter”) is a variant of this verb, however this is unlikely from a phonological standpoint.

(figuratively, transitive) to distinguish


bāg

bāg (nominative singular)
bāgïg (accusative singular)
bāgnï (accusative singular)
bāgnïŋ (genitive singular)
bāgka (dative singular)
bāgda (locative singular)
bāgdan (ablative singular)
bāggaru (allative singular)
bāgïn (instrumental singular)
bāgča (equative singular)
bāglayu (singular)
bāglïgu (comitative singular)

Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: bağ

Turkish: bağ

Turkmen: bag

Kipchak:

North Kipchak

Bashkir: бау (baw), бәй (bəy)

South Kipchak

Kazakh: бау (bau)

Nogai: бав (bav)

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: боо (boo)

Southern Altai: буу (buu)

Siberian Turkic:

North Siberian

Yakut: баай (baay)

South Siberian

Khakas: пағ (pağ)

Shor: пағ

Northern Altai: баг (bag)


büdi-

trk-cmn-conj-head

büdideči ben, büdimekči ben, büdiyeček ben

büdideči sen, büdimekči sen, büdiyeček sen

büdideči biz, büdimekči biz, büdiyeček biz

büdideči siz, büdimekči siz, büdiyeček siz

büdimek (infinitive)
büdigen (participle present)
büdigme (participle present)
büdir (participle present)
büdidük (participle past)
büdimiš (participle past)
büdideči (future participle)
büdimekči (future participle)
büdisik (future participle)
büdiyeček (future participle)
büdime (noun-from-verb)
büdig (noun-from-verb)
büdigü (noun-from-verb)
büdiš (adverbial)
büdir ben (aorist indicative singular)
büdir sen (aorist indicative singular)
büdir (aorist indicative singular)
büdir biz (aorist indicative plural)
büdir siz (aorist indicative plural)
büdir (aorist indicative plural)
büdidim (indicative past singular)
büdidiŋ (indicative past singular)
büdidi (indicative past singular)
büdidik (indicative past plural)
büdidimiz (indicative past plural)
büdidiŋiz (indicative past plural)
büdidi (indicative past plural)
büdimiš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
büdimiš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
büdimiš (indicative inferential past singular)
büdimiš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
büdimiš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
büdimiš (indicative inferential past plural)
büdideči ben (future indicative singular)
büdimekči ben (future indicative singular)
büdiyeček ben (future indicative singular)
büdideči sen (future indicative singular)
büdimekči sen (future indicative singular)
büdiyeček sen (future indicative singular)
büdideči (future indicative singular)
büdimekči (future indicative singular)
büdiyeček (future indicative singular)
büdideči biz (future indicative plural)
büdimekči biz (future indicative plural)
büdiyeček biz (future indicative plural)
büdideči siz (future indicative plural)
büdimekči siz (future indicative plural)
büdiyeček siz (future indicative plural)
büdideči (future indicative plural)
büdimekči (future indicative plural)
büdiyeček (future indicative plural)
büdigey ben (future indicative singular)
büdigey sen (future indicative singular)
büdigey (future indicative singular)
büdigey biz (future indicative plural)
büdigey siz (future indicative plural)
büdigey (future indicative plural)
büdisikim (future indicative singular)
büdisikiŋ (future indicative singular)
büdisik (future indicative singular)
büdisikimiz (future indicative plural)
büdisikiŋiz (future indicative plural)
büdisik (future indicative plural)
büdisem (conditional singular)
büdiser ben (conditional singular)
büdiseŋ (conditional singular)
büdiser sen (conditional singular)
büdise (conditional singular)
büdiser (conditional singular)
büdisek (conditional plural)
büdisemiz (conditional plural)
büdiser biz (conditional plural)
büdiseŋiz (conditional plural)
büdiser siz (conditional plural)
büdiseler (conditional plural)
büdiser (conditional plural)
büdigey ben (optative singular)
büdigey sen (optative singular)
büdigey (optative singular)
büdigey biz (optative plural)
büdigey siz (optative plural)
büdigey (optative plural)
büdimekde ben (progressive singular)
büdimekde sen (progressive singular)
büdimekde (progressive singular)
büdimekde biz (plural progressive)
büdimekde siz (plural progressive)
büdimekde (plural progressive)
büdimelig ben (necessitative singular)
büdimelig sen (necessitative singular)
büdimelig (necessitative singular)
büdimelig biz (necessitative plural)
büdimelig siz (necessitative plural)
büdimelig (necessitative plural)
büdiyeyin (imperative singular)
büdi (imperative singular)
büdigil (imperative singular)
büdizün (imperative singular)
büdiyelim (imperative plural)
büdiyiŋ (imperative plural)
büdizün (imperative plural)
büdimemek (infinitive negative)
büdimegen (negative participle present)
büdimegme (negative participle present)
büdimez (negative participle present)
büdimedük (negative participle past)
büdimemiš (negative participle past)
büdimeči (future negative participle)
büdimesik (future negative participle)
büdimeyeček (future negative participle)
büdimeme (negative noun-from-verb)
büdimeg (negative noun-from-verb)
büdimegü (negative noun-from-verb)
büdimeš (adverbial negative)
büdimez ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
büdimez sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
büdimez (aorist indicative negative singular)
büdimez biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
büdimez siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
büdimez (aorist indicative negative plural)
büdimedim (indicative negative past singular)
büdimediŋ (indicative negative past singular)
büdimedi (indicative negative past singular)
büdimedik (indicative negative past plural)
büdimedimiz (indicative negative past plural)
büdimediŋiz (indicative negative past plural)
büdimedi (indicative negative past plural)
büdimemiš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
büdimemiš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
büdimemiš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
büdimemiš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
büdimemiš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
büdimemiš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
büdimeči ben (future indicative negative singular)
büdimeyeček ben (future indicative negative singular)
büdimeči sen (future indicative negative singular)
büdimeyeček sen (future indicative negative singular)
büdimeči (future indicative negative singular)
büdimeyeček (future indicative negative singular)
büdimeči biz (future indicative negative plural)
büdimeyeček biz (future indicative negative plural)
büdimeči siz (future indicative negative plural)
büdimeyeček siz (future indicative negative plural)
büdimeči (future indicative negative plural)
büdimeyeček (future indicative negative plural)
büdimegey ben (future indicative negative singular)
büdimegey sen (future indicative negative singular)
büdimegey (future indicative negative singular)
büdimegey biz (future indicative negative plural)
büdimegey siz (future indicative negative plural)
büdimegey (future indicative negative plural)
büdimesikim (future indicative negative singular)
büdimesikiŋ (future indicative negative singular)
büdimesik (future indicative negative singular)
büdimesikimiz (future indicative negative plural)
büdimesikiŋiz (future indicative negative plural)
büdimesik (future indicative negative plural)
büdimesem (conditional negative singular)
büdimeser ben (conditional negative singular)
büdimeseŋ (conditional negative singular)
büdimeser sen (conditional negative singular)
büdimese (conditional negative singular)
büdimeser (conditional negative singular)
büdimesek (conditional negative plural)
büdimesemiz (conditional negative plural)
büdimeser biz (conditional negative plural)
büdimeseŋiz (conditional negative plural)
büdimeser siz (conditional negative plural)
büdimeseler (conditional negative plural)
büdimeser (conditional negative plural)
büdimegey ben (negative optative singular)
büdimegey sen (negative optative singular)
büdimegey (negative optative singular)
büdimegey biz (negative optative plural)
büdimegey siz (negative optative plural)
büdimegey (negative optative plural)
büdimemekde ben (negative progressive singular)
büdimemekde sen (negative progressive singular)
büdimemekde (negative progressive singular)
büdimemekde biz (negative plural progressive)
büdimemekde siz (negative plural progressive)
büdimemekde (negative plural progressive)
büdimemelig ben (necessitative negative singular)
büdimemelig sen (necessitative negative singular)
büdimemelig (necessitative negative singular)
büdimemelig biz (necessitative negative plural)
büdimemelig siz (necessitative negative plural)
büdimemelig (necessitative negative plural)
büdimeyeyin (imperative negative singular)
büdime (imperative negative singular)
büdimegil (imperative negative singular)
büdimezün (imperative negative singular)
büdimeyelim (imperative negative plural)
büdimeyiŋ (imperative negative plural)
büdimezün (imperative negative plural)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (büḏīmēk)

Kipchak:

Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (bey-)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: бейеү (beyew)

Tatar: биергә (biyergä)

Kipchak-Cuman: [script needed] (biyi-, beyi-) (Codex Cumanicus)

Kumyk: бийимек (biyimek)

South Kipchak

Kazakh: билеу (bileu)

Nogai: биюв (biyuv)

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: бийлөө (biylöö)

desc

Southern Altai: бийелеер (biyeleer), бийеер (biyeer)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: pwydy (büdi-)

North Siberian

Yakut: битий (bitiy)

→ Proto-Mongolic: *büji- (“to dance”)


büt-

Oghur:

Chuvash: пӗт (pĕt)

Arghu:

Khalaj: bitmək

Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: bitmək

Turkish: bitmek

Kipchak:

North Kipchak

Bashkir: бөтөү (bötöw)

West Kipchak

Kumyk: битмек (bitmek)

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: бүтүү (bütüü)

South Kipchak

Kazakh: біту (bıtu)

Siberian

Yakut: бүт (büt)

South Siberian

Khakas: пӱдерге (püderge)


yag-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫу (śu)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: yağmaq

Proto-Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yağmaq

Ottoman Turkish: یاغمق (yağmak)

Turkish: yağmak

Gagauz: yağmaa

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: ýagmak

Salar: yağ

Karluk:

Uyghur: ياغماق (yaghmaq)

Uzbek: yogʻmoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: яуыу (yawıw)

Tatar: яварга (yawarga)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: yağmaq

Kumyk: явмакъ (yawmaq)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: жауу (jauu)

Nogai: явув (yavuv)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жаа (jaa)

Southern Altai: јаар (ǰaar)

Siberian:

Northern Altai: тьагарга (tʹagarga)

Old Uyghur:

Western Yugur: yaɣ-

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: чаар (çaar)

Tofa: чаар (çaar)

Yenisei:

Khakas: чаарға (çaarğa)

Shor: чаарға (çaarğa)

(intransitive) to shower, fall from the sky of rain, snow, hail etc.


yum-

Proto-Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: yımmaq

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yummaq

Ottoman Turkish: یوممق (yummak)

Turkish: yummak

Gagauz: yummaa

Turkmen: ýummak

Salar: yumğusı

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yüm-)

Uzbek: yummoq

Uyghur: [script needed] (yummak)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: йомоу (yomow)

Tatar: йому (yomu)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: [script needed] (yum-)

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (jum-)

Karaim: [script needed] (yum-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: jumi'w

Kazakh: жұму (jūmu)

Nogai: [script needed] (yum-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жумуу (jumuu)

Southern Altai: јумар (ǰumar)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: сим (sim)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Western Yugur: [script needed] (yum-)

(transitive) to close, to shut (the eyes/mouth)


kaŕ-

Arghu:

Khalaj: qazmaq

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: قَازْمَقْ (qazmaq)

Azerbaijani: qazmaq

Gagauz: kazmaa

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: قازمق (kazmak), قزمق (kazmak)
Turkish: kazmak

Turkmen: gazmak

Karluk:

Uzbek: qozmoq

Kipchak:

South Kipchak

Karakalpak: qazıw

Kazakh: қазу (qazu)

Nogai: казув (kazuv)

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: казуу (kazuu)

Southern Altai: казар (kazar)

North Kipchak

Tatar: казу (qazu)

Bashkir: ҡазыу (qazıw)

West Kipchak

Crimean Tatar: qazmaq

Kumyk: къазмакъ (qazmaq)

Siberian:

Yakut: хас (qas)

South Siberian

Chulym: қазарға (qazarɣa)

Khakas: хазарға (xazarğa)

Northern Altai: казарга (kazarga)

Shor: қазарға (qazarɣa)

Tofa: ӄазар (qazar)

Tuvan: казар (kazar)

Western Yugur: qaz-


īŕ

īŕ (nominative singular)
īŕig (accusative singular)
īŕni (accusative singular)
īŕniŋ (genitive singular)
īŕke (dative singular)
īŕde (locative singular)
īŕden (ablative singular)
īŕgerü (allative singular)
īŕin (instrumental singular)
īŕče (equative singular)
īŕleyü (singular)
īŕligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: йӑр (jăr)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: iz

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: iz

Gagauz: yiz

Turkmen: yz (y:z)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (iz)

Uzbek: iz

Uyghur: ئىز (iz)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: эҙ (eź)

Tatar: эз (ez)

East Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: iz

Kumyk: гьыз (hız)

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (ız)

Karaim: [script needed] (ız)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: iz

Kazakh: із (ız)

Nogai: [script needed] (iz)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: из (iz)

Southern Altai: [script needed] (is)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (iz)

Western Yugur: is

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: ис (is)

Yenisei:

Khakas:


yap-

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ябыу (yabıw)

Tatar: ябарга (yabarga)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: япмакъ (yapmaq)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: жабу (jabu)

Nogai: ябув (yabuv)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жабуу (jabuu)

Southern Altai: јап- (ǰap-)

Siberian Turkic:

Old Uyghur: 𐽶𐽰𐽼𐽹𐽰𐽲 (yʾpmʾq /yapmaḳ/)

North Siberian Turkic:

Yakut: сап (sap)

South Siberian Turkic:

Sayan:

desc

Tofa: чыъфар, чыъпар

Tofa: чыъфар, чыъпар

Tuvan: шывар (şıvar)

Yenisei:

Chulym: чаварға (čavarɣa)

Khakas: чабарға (çabarğa)

Shor: чабарға (čabarɣa)

Northern Altai: тьабарга (tʹabarga), чабарга (čabarga)


yap-

Karakhanid:

Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: yapmaq

Salar: yaqğusı

Proto-Turkic: *yạpïĺč- (“to glue”)

Proto-Turkic: *yạpïĺčïn-

Proto-Turkic: *yạpïĺčgan

Proto-Common Turkic: *yạpïšïk

Proto-Common Turkic: *yạpïšgak

Proto-Common Turkic: *yạprïl-


yak-

yakmak (infinitive)
yakgan (participle present)
yakïgma (participle present)
yakur (participle present)
yaktuk (participle past)
yakmïš (participle past)
yaktačï (future participle)
yakmakčï (future participle)
yaksïk (future participle)
yakačak (future participle)
yakma (noun-from-verb)
yakïg (noun-from-verb)
yakgu (noun-from-verb)
yakïš (adverbial)
yakur ben (aorist indicative singular)
yakur sen (aorist indicative singular)
yakur (aorist indicative singular)
yakur biz (aorist indicative plural)
yakur siz (aorist indicative plural)
yakur (aorist indicative plural)
yaktïm (indicative past singular)
yaktïŋ (indicative past singular)
yaktï (indicative past singular)
yaktïk (indicative past plural)
yaktïmïz (indicative past plural)
yaktïŋïz (indicative past plural)
yaktï (indicative past plural)
yakmïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
yakmïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
yakmïš (indicative inferential past singular)
yakmïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
yakmïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
yakmïš (indicative inferential past plural)
yaktačï ben (future indicative singular)
yakmakčï ben (future indicative singular)
yakačak ben (future indicative singular)
yaktačï sen (future indicative singular)
yakmakčï sen (future indicative singular)
yakačak sen (future indicative singular)
yaktačï (future indicative singular)
yakmakčï (future indicative singular)
yakačak (future indicative singular)
yaktačï biz (future indicative plural)
yakmakčï biz (future indicative plural)
yakačak biz (future indicative plural)
yaktačï siz (future indicative plural)
yakmakčï siz (future indicative plural)
yakačak siz (future indicative plural)
yaktačï (future indicative plural)
yakmakčï (future indicative plural)
yakačak (future indicative plural)
yakgay ben (future indicative singular)
yakgay sen (future indicative singular)
yakgay (future indicative singular)
yakgay biz (future indicative plural)
yakgay siz (future indicative plural)
yakgay (future indicative plural)
yaksïkïm (future indicative singular)
yaksïkïŋ (future indicative singular)
yaksïk (future indicative singular)
yaksïkïmïz (future indicative plural)
yaksïkïŋïz (future indicative plural)
yaksïk (future indicative plural)
yaksam (conditional singular)
yaksar ben (conditional singular)
yaksaŋ (conditional singular)
yaksar sen (conditional singular)
yaksa (conditional singular)
yaksar (conditional singular)
yaksak (conditional plural)
yaksamïz (conditional plural)
yaksar biz (conditional plural)
yaksaŋïz (conditional plural)
yaksar siz (conditional plural)
yaksalar (conditional plural)
yaksar (conditional plural)
yakgay ben (optative singular)
yakgay sen (optative singular)
yakgay (optative singular)
yakgay biz (optative plural)
yakgay siz (optative plural)
yakgay (optative plural)
yakmakda ben (progressive singular)
yakmakda sen (progressive singular)
yakmakda (progressive singular)
yakmakda biz (plural progressive)
yakmakda siz (plural progressive)
yakmakda (plural progressive)
yakmalïg ben (necessitative singular)
yakmalïg sen (necessitative singular)
yakmalïg (necessitative singular)
yakmalïg biz (necessitative plural)
yakmalïg siz (necessitative plural)
yakmalïg (necessitative plural)
yakayïn (imperative singular)
yak (imperative singular)
yakgïl (imperative singular)
yakzun (imperative singular)
yakalïm (imperative plural)
yakïŋ (imperative plural)
yakzun (imperative plural)
yakmamak (infinitive negative)
yakmagan (negative participle present)
yakmagma (negative participle present)
yakmaz (negative participle present)
yakmaduk (negative participle past)
yakmamïš (negative participle past)
yakmačï (future negative participle)
yakmasïk (future negative participle)
yakmayačak (future negative participle)
yakmama (negative noun-from-verb)
yakmag (negative noun-from-verb)
yakmagu (negative noun-from-verb)
yakmayïš (adverbial negative)
yakmaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
yakmaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
yakmaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
yakmaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
yakmaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
yakmaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
yakmadïm (indicative negative past singular)
yakmadïŋ (indicative negative past singular)
yakmadï (indicative negative past singular)
yakmadïk (indicative negative past plural)
yakmadïmïz (indicative negative past plural)
yakmadïŋïz (indicative negative past plural)
yakmadï (indicative negative past plural)
yakmamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
yakmamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
yakmamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
yakmamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
yakmamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
yakmamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
yakmačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
yakmayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
yakmačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
yakmayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
yakmačï (future indicative negative singular)
yakmayačak (future indicative negative singular)
yakmačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
yakmayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
yakmačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
yakmayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
yakmačï (future indicative negative plural)
yakmayačak (future indicative negative plural)
yakmagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
yakmagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
yakmagay (future indicative negative singular)
yakmagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
yakmagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
yakmagay (future indicative negative plural)
yakmasïkïm (future indicative negative singular)
yakmasïkïŋ (future indicative negative singular)
yakmasïk (future indicative negative singular)
yakmasïkïmïz (future indicative negative plural)
yakmasïkïŋïz (future indicative negative plural)
yakmasïk (future indicative negative plural)
yakmasam (conditional negative singular)
yakmasar ben (conditional negative singular)
yakmasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
yakmasar sen (conditional negative singular)
yakmasa (conditional negative singular)
yakmasar (conditional negative singular)
yakmasak (conditional negative plural)
yakmasamïz (conditional negative plural)
yakmasar biz (conditional negative plural)
yakmasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
yakmasar siz (conditional negative plural)
yakmasalar (conditional negative plural)
yakmasar (conditional negative plural)
yakmagay ben (negative optative singular)
yakmagay sen (negative optative singular)
yakmagay (negative optative singular)
yakmagay biz (negative optative plural)
yakmagay siz (negative optative plural)
yakmagay (negative optative plural)
yakmamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
yakmamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
yakmamakda (negative progressive singular)
yakmamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
yakmamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
yakmamakda (negative plural progressive)
yakmamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
yakmamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
yakmamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
yakmamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
yakmamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
yakmamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
yakmayayïn (imperative negative singular)
yakma (imperative negative singular)
yakmagïl (imperative negative singular)
yakmazun (imperative negative singular)
yakmayalïm (imperative negative plural)
yakmayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
yakmazun (imperative negative plural)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yak-)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yak-)

North Siberian:

⇒ Dolgan: чугас

⇒ Yakut: чугас (cugas)

(Common Turkic, intransitive) to come near, to approach

yakïš-

to come near to each other, to pass, to fit


yak-

Oghur

Chuvash: ҫут (śut)

Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: yaxmaq

Ottoman Turkish: یاقمق

Turkish: yakmak

Turkmen: ýakmak

Karluk

Uyghur: ياقماق (yaqmaq)

Kipchak

North Kipchak

Bashkir: яғыу (yağıw)

Tatar: ягу (yagu)


bas-

Oghur:

Chuvash: пус (pus)

→ Hungarian: baszik

Proto-Common Turkic: *bas-

Arghu:

Khalaj: basmaq

Oghuz:

Proto-Oghuz: *bas-

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (basmaq)

Azerbaijani: basmaq

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: باصمق (basmak)
Turkish: basmak

Kipchak:

Kipchak: باسماق (basıw)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: баҫыу (baśıw)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: басу (basu)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: басуу (basuu)

Southern Altai: базар (bazar)

Siberian:

Yakut: баттаа (battaa)


čïk-

trk-cmn-conj-head

čïkmasïkïŋïz

čïkmak (infinitive)
čïkgan (participle present)
čïkïgma (participle present)
čïkar (participle present)
čïkduk (participle past)
čïkmïš (participle past)
čïkdačï (future participle)
čïkmakčï (future participle)
čïksïk (future participle)
čïkačak (future participle)
čïkma (noun-from-verb)
čïkïg (noun-from-verb)
čïkgu (noun-from-verb)
čïkïš (adverbial)
čïkar ben (aorist indicative singular)
čïkar sen (aorist indicative singular)
čïkar (aorist indicative singular)
čïkar biz (aorist indicative plural)
čïkar siz (aorist indicative plural)
čïkar (aorist indicative plural)
čïkdïm (indicative past singular)
čïkdïŋ (indicative past singular)
čïkdï (indicative past singular)
čïkdïk (indicative past plural)
čïkdïmïz (indicative past plural)
čïkdïŋïz (indicative past plural)
čïkdï (indicative past plural)
čïkmïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
čïkmïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
čïkmïš (indicative inferential past singular)
čïkmïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
čïkmïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
čïkmïš (indicative inferential past plural)
čïkdačï ben (future indicative singular)
čïkmakčï ben (future indicative singular)
čïkačak ben (future indicative singular)
čïkdačï sen (future indicative singular)
čïkmakčï sen (future indicative singular)
čïkačak sen (future indicative singular)
čïkdačï (future indicative singular)
čïkmakčï (future indicative singular)
čïkačak (future indicative singular)
čïkdačï biz (future indicative plural)
čïkmakčï biz (future indicative plural)
čïkačak biz (future indicative plural)
čïkdačï siz (future indicative plural)
čïkmakčï siz (future indicative plural)
čïkačak siz (future indicative plural)
čïkdačï (future indicative plural)
čïkmakčï (future indicative plural)
čïkačak (future indicative plural)
čïkgay ben (future indicative singular)
čïkgay sen (future indicative singular)
čïkgay (future indicative singular)
čïkgay biz (future indicative plural)
čïkgay siz (future indicative plural)
čïkgay (future indicative plural)
čïksïkïm (future indicative singular)
čïksïkïŋ (future indicative singular)
čïksïk (future indicative singular)
čïksïkïmïz (future indicative plural)
čïksïkïŋïz (future indicative plural)
čïksïk (future indicative plural)
čïksam (conditional singular)
čïksar ben (conditional singular)
čïksaŋ (conditional singular)
čïksar sen (conditional singular)
čïksa (conditional singular)
čïksar (conditional singular)
čïksak (conditional plural)
čïksamïz (conditional plural)
čïksar biz (conditional plural)
čïksaŋïz (conditional plural)
čïksar siz (conditional plural)
čïksalar (conditional plural)
čïksar (conditional plural)
čïkgay ben (optative singular)
čïkgay sen (optative singular)
čïkgay (optative singular)
čïkgay biz (optative plural)
čïkgay siz (optative plural)
čïkgay (optative plural)
čïkmakda ben (progressive singular)
čïkmakda sen (progressive singular)
čïkmakda (progressive singular)
čïkmakda biz (plural progressive)
čïkmakda siz (plural progressive)
čïkmakda (plural progressive)
čïkmalïg ben (necessitative singular)
čïkmalïg sen (necessitative singular)
čïkmalïg (necessitative singular)
čïkmalïg biz (necessitative plural)
čïkmalïg siz (necessitative plural)
čïkmalïg (necessitative plural)
čïkayïn (imperative singular)
čïk (imperative singular)
čïkgïl (imperative singular)
čïkzun (imperative singular)
čïkalïm (imperative plural)
čïkïŋ (imperative plural)
čïkzun (imperative plural)
čïkmamak (infinitive negative)
čïkmagan (negative participle present)
čïkmagma (negative participle present)
čïkmaz (negative participle present)
čïkmaduk (negative participle past)
čïkmamïš (negative participle past)
čïkmačï (future negative participle)
čïkmasïk (future negative participle)
čïkmayačak (future negative participle)
čïkmama (negative noun-from-verb)
čïkmag (negative noun-from-verb)
čïkmagu (negative noun-from-verb)
čïkmayïš (adverbial negative)
čïkmaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
čïkmaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
čïkmaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
čïkmaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
čïkmaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
čïkmaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
čïkmadïm (indicative negative past singular)
čïkmadïŋ (indicative negative past singular)
čïkmadï (indicative negative past singular)
čïkmadïk (indicative negative past plural)
čïkmadïmïz (indicative negative past plural)
čïkmadïŋïz (indicative negative past plural)
čïkmadï (indicative negative past plural)
čïkmamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
čïkmamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
čïkmamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
čïkmamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
čïkmamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
čïkmamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
čïkmačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
čïkmayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
čïkmačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
čïkmayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
čïkmačï (future indicative negative singular)
čïkmayačak (future indicative negative singular)
čïkmačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
čïkmayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
čïkmačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
čïkmayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
čïkmačï (future indicative negative plural)
čïkmayačak (future indicative negative plural)
čïkmagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
čïkmagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
čïkmagay (future indicative negative singular)
čïkmagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
čïkmagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
čïkmagay (future indicative negative plural)
čïkmasïkïm (future indicative negative singular)
čïkmasïkïŋ (future indicative negative singular)
čïkmasïk (future indicative negative singular)
čïkmasïkïmïz (future indicative negative plural)
čïkmasïkïŋïz (future indicative negative plural)
čïkmasïk (future indicative negative plural)
čïkmasam (conditional negative singular)
čïkmasar ben (conditional negative singular)
čïkmasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
čïkmasar sen (conditional negative singular)
čïkmasa (conditional negative singular)
čïkmasar (conditional negative singular)
čïkmasak (conditional negative plural)
čïkmasamïz (conditional negative plural)
čïkmasar biz (conditional negative plural)
čïkmasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
čïkmasar siz (conditional negative plural)
čïkmasalar (conditional negative plural)
čïkmasar (conditional negative plural)
čïkmagay ben (negative optative singular)
čïkmagay sen (negative optative singular)
čïkmagay (negative optative singular)
čïkmagay biz (negative optative plural)
čïkmagay siz (negative optative plural)
čïkmagay (negative optative plural)
čïkmamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
čïkmamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
čïkmamakda (negative progressive singular)
čïkmamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
čïkmamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
čïkmamakda (negative plural progressive)
čïkmamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
čïkmamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
čïkmamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
čïkmamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
čïkmamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
čïkmamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
čïkmayayïn (imperative negative singular)
čïkma (imperative negative singular)
čïkmagïl (imperative negative singular)
čïkmazun (imperative negative singular)
čïkmayalïm (imperative negative plural)
čïkmayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
čïkmazun (imperative negative plural)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: چِیقْمَقْ (çıqmaq)

Azerbaijani: çıxmaq

Gagauz: çıkmaa

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: چیقمق (çıkmak), چقمق (çıkmak)
Turkish: çıkmak

Salar: çıq

Turkmen: çykmak

Karluk:

Uyghur: چىقماق (chiqmaq)

Uzbek: chiqmoq

Kipchak:

West Kipchak

Kumyk: чыкъмакъ (çıqmaq)

South Kipchak

Kazakh: шығу (şyğu)

Nogai: шыгув (şıguv)

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: чыгуу (cıguu)

Southern Altai: чыгар (čïgar)

North Kipchak

Tatar: чыгу (çığu)

Bashkir: сығыу (sığıw)

Siberian:

Chulym: сығарға (sïɣarɣa)

Khakas: сығарға (sığarğa)

desc

Northern Altai: шыгарга (šïgarga), чыгарга (čïgarga)

Shor: шығарға (šïɣarɣa)

Shor: шығарға (šïɣarɣa)

Not attested until 11th century, due to this it has been suggested that the verb comes from a crasis of *taĺïk- (“to exit”) from *taĺ (“exterior”), compare Old Turkic 𐱃𐱁𐰶 (tašïq-, “to exit”), Old Uyghur tʾšyq (tašïq-, “to exit”) and Chuvash тух (tuh, “to leave, exit”).
Clauson, however, disagrees with this stating that it should be considered a coincidence.


ȫr-

Common Turkic:

Oghuz: *ȫr-

Old Anatolian Turkish: اُورْمَكْ (örmek)

Azerbaijani: hörmək

Gagauz: örmää

Ottoman Turkish: اورمك (örmek)

Turkish: örmek

Salar: fürgüsi

Turkmen: ȫrmek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اُورْماكْ (ȫrmēk)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak

Bashkir: үреү (ürew)

Tatar: үрергә (ürergä)

South Kipchak

Kazakh: өру (öru)

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: өрүү (örüü)

Southern Altai: ӧрӧр (örör)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ör-), [script needed] (örmek, “knitted dress”)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (yör-)

→ Salar: örmek

North Siberian:

Yakut: өр (ör)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas: ӱрерге (ürerge)


ȫr-

Proto-Common Turkic:

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اُورْماكْ (ȫrmēk)

Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: [script needed] (örü-), [script needed] (ör-)

⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *ȫr-iš- (“to emerge; to appear”)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: اوروشمك (örüşmek)

Turkish: örüşmek

Salar: örgigüsi (“to rise”)

Karluk

Karakhanid: اُرُشْدٖی (örüşdi, “he emerged”)

Kipchak:

Kazakh:

⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *ȫrle- (“to rise, to go up”)

Oghuz:

desctree

Old Anatolian Turkish: اورلمك (örlemek)
Turkish: örlemek (dialectal)

Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: [script needed] (ördö-)

Siberian Turkic:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (örle-)

Karluk:

Chagatai: اورلامك (örlämäk)

Uyghur: ئۆرلەمەك (örlemek)

Uzbek: oʻrlamoq

desc

اُرْلَنْماكْ

⇒ Karakhanid: اُرْلَنْماكْ (ȫrlenmek)(<ȫr-le-n-)

⇒ Kipchak: orlas (“hill”) (Codex Cumanicus)

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *ȫrü (“top, high; height, a hight place”)

→ Mongolian: [script needed] (öre)

Oghur:

Chuvash: вир (vir)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

desctree

Old Anatolian Turkish: اورو (örü), اوری (öri)
Azerbaijani: örü, öri
Ottoman Turkish: اوری (örü), اورو (örü)
Turkish: örü

Salar: öre, örisi

Turkmen: ȫri, ȫr

Kipchak:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: өр (ör)

desc

Southern Altai: ӧрӧ (örö, “top, upper part”)

Karluk:

Chagatai: [script needed] (örü), [script needed] (ör)

Uyghur: ئۆرە (öre)

⇒ Proto-Oghuz: *ȫrse-

Turkish: örsemek (dialectal)

desctree

⇒ Old Anatolian Turkish: اورسلمك (örselemek, “to sit up”)
⇒ Gagauz: örselenmää (“to become worn out”), örseletmää (“to wear out”)
Ottoman Turkish: اورسلمك (ürselemek, örselemek, “to bring together; to handle; to fold up together; to wear out”)
Turkish: örselemek (“to wear out”)

⇒? Turkmen: örňemek


yara-

Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: yaramaq

Ottoman Turkish: یارامق (yaramak)

Turkish: yaramak

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ярау (yaraw)

Tatar: ярарга (yararga)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: жарау (jarau)

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: јараар (ǰaraar)

Karluk

Uzbek: yaramoq

(intransitive) to be beneficial, useful, successful


yār-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫур (śur)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: یارمق (yarmaq), یرمق
Azerbaijani: yarmaq
Gagauz: yarmaa
Ottoman Turkish: یارمق (yarmak)
Turkish: yarmak
→ Armenian: եառմիշ (eaṙmiš), եարմիշ (earmiš)

Turkmen: ýārmak

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Bulgar:

Bashkir: ярыу (yarıw)

Tatar: ярырга (yarırga)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: yarmaq

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: жару (jaru)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жаруу (jaruu)

Southern Altai: јарар (ǰarar)

Karluk:

Chagatai: یارماق

Uyghur: يارماق (yarmaq)

Uzbek: yormoq

Siberian Turkic:

Old Uyghur:

North Siberian Turkic:

Yakut: саркаах (sarkaaq)

South Siberian Turkic:

Sayan:

Tuvan: чарар (çarar)

Yenisei:

Khakas: чарарға (çararğa)


yat-

Arghu:

Khalaj: yatmaq

Oghuz:

Turkish: yatmak

Kipchak:

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: жатуу (jatuu)

Southern Altai: јадар (ǰadar)

West Kipchak

Crimean Tatar: yatmaq

Karachay-Balkar: джатарга (catarga)

Karaim: jatmak

Kumyk: ятмакъ (yatmaq)

South Kipchak

Karakalpak: jatıw

Kazakh: жату (jatu)

Nogai: ятув (yatuv)

North Kipchak

Bashkir: ятыу (yatıw)

Tatar: яту (yatu)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: сыт (sıt)

South Siberian:

Northern Altai: чадарга (čadarga)

Yenisei:

Chulym: чадарға (čadarɣa)

Khakas: чадарға (çadarğa)

Shor: чадарға (čadarɣa)

Sayan:

Tuvan: чыдар (çıdar)

Tofa: чыътар (čï"tar)

Western Yugur: yat-, yaʰt-


yẹŋ-

trk-cmn-conj-head

yẹŋmesüküŋüz

yẹŋmek (infinitive)
yẹŋgen (participle present)
yẹŋügme (participle present)
yẹŋür (participle present)
yẹŋdük (participle past)
yẹŋmiš (participle past)
yẹŋdeči (future participle)
yẹŋmekči (future participle)
yẹŋsik (future participle)
yẹŋeček (future participle)
yẹŋme (noun-from-verb)
yẹŋüg (noun-from-verb)
yẹŋgü (noun-from-verb)
yẹŋüš (adverbial)
yẹŋür ben (aorist indicative singular)
yẹŋür sen (aorist indicative singular)
yẹŋür (aorist indicative singular)
yẹŋür biz (aorist indicative plural)
yẹŋür siz (aorist indicative plural)
yẹŋür (aorist indicative plural)
yẹŋdüm (indicative past singular)
yẹŋdüŋ (indicative past singular)
yẹŋdi (indicative past singular)
yẹŋdük (indicative past plural)
yẹŋdümüz (indicative past plural)
yẹŋdüŋüz (indicative past plural)
yẹŋdi (indicative past plural)
yẹŋmiš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
yẹŋmiš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
yẹŋmiš (indicative inferential past singular)
yẹŋmiš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
yẹŋmiš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
yẹŋmiš (indicative inferential past plural)
yẹŋdeči ben (future indicative singular)
yẹŋmekči ben (future indicative singular)
yẹŋeček ben (future indicative singular)
yẹŋdeči sen (future indicative singular)
yẹŋmekči sen (future indicative singular)
yẹŋeček sen (future indicative singular)
yẹŋdeči (future indicative singular)
yẹŋmekči (future indicative singular)
yẹŋeček (future indicative singular)
yẹŋdeči biz (future indicative plural)
yẹŋmekči biz (future indicative plural)
yẹŋeček biz (future indicative plural)
yẹŋdeči siz (future indicative plural)
yẹŋmekči siz (future indicative plural)
yẹŋeček siz (future indicative plural)
yẹŋdeči (future indicative plural)
yẹŋmekči (future indicative plural)
yẹŋeček (future indicative plural)
yẹŋgey ben (future indicative singular)
yẹŋgey sen (future indicative singular)
yẹŋgey (future indicative singular)
yẹŋgey biz (future indicative plural)
yẹŋgey siz (future indicative plural)
yẹŋgey (future indicative plural)
yẹŋsüküm (future indicative singular)
yẹŋsüküŋ (future indicative singular)
yẹŋsük (future indicative singular)
yẹŋsükümüz (future indicative plural)
yẹŋsüküŋüz (future indicative plural)
yẹŋsük (future indicative plural)
yẹŋsem (conditional singular)
yẹŋser ben (conditional singular)
yẹŋseŋ (conditional singular)
yẹŋser sen (conditional singular)
yẹŋse (conditional singular)
yẹŋser (conditional singular)
yẹŋsek (conditional plural)
yẹŋsemiz (conditional plural)
yẹŋser biz (conditional plural)
yẹŋseŋiz (conditional plural)
yẹŋser siz (conditional plural)
yẹŋseler (conditional plural)
yẹŋser (conditional plural)
yẹŋgey ben (optative singular)
yẹŋgey sen (optative singular)
yẹŋgey (optative singular)
yẹŋgey biz (optative plural)
yẹŋgey siz (optative plural)
yẹŋgey (optative plural)
yẹŋmekde ben (progressive singular)
yẹŋmekde sen (progressive singular)
yẹŋmekde (progressive singular)
yẹŋmekde biz (plural progressive)
yẹŋmekde siz (plural progressive)
yẹŋmekde (plural progressive)
yẹŋmelig ben (necessitative singular)
yẹŋmelig sen (necessitative singular)
yẹŋmelig (necessitative singular)
yẹŋmelig biz (necessitative plural)
yẹŋmelig siz (necessitative plural)
yẹŋmelig (necessitative plural)
yẹŋeyin (imperative singular)
yẹŋ (imperative singular)
yẹŋgil (imperative singular)
yẹŋzün (imperative singular)
yẹŋelim (imperative plural)
yẹŋüŋ (imperative plural)
yẹŋzün (imperative plural)
yẹŋmemek (infinitive negative)
yẹŋmegen (negative participle present)
yẹŋmegme (negative participle present)
yẹŋmez (negative participle present)
yẹŋmedük (negative participle past)
yẹŋmemiš (negative participle past)
yẹŋmeči (future negative participle)
yẹŋmesik (future negative participle)
yẹŋmeyeček (future negative participle)
yẹŋmeme (negative noun-from-verb)
yẹŋmeg (negative noun-from-verb)
yẹŋmegü (negative noun-from-verb)
yẹŋmeyüš (adverbial negative)
yẹŋmez ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
yẹŋmez sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
yẹŋmez (aorist indicative negative singular)
yẹŋmez biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
yẹŋmez siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
yẹŋmez (aorist indicative negative plural)
yẹŋmedüm (indicative negative past singular)
yẹŋmedüŋ (indicative negative past singular)
yẹŋmedi (indicative negative past singular)
yẹŋmedük (indicative negative past plural)
yẹŋmedümüz (indicative negative past plural)
yẹŋmedüŋüz (indicative negative past plural)
yẹŋmedi (indicative negative past plural)
yẹŋmemiš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
yẹŋmemiš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
yẹŋmemiš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
yẹŋmemiš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
yẹŋmemiš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
yẹŋmemiš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
yẹŋmeči ben (future indicative negative singular)
yẹŋmeyeček ben (future indicative negative singular)
yẹŋmeči sen (future indicative negative singular)
yẹŋmeyeček sen (future indicative negative singular)
yẹŋmeči (future indicative negative singular)
yẹŋmeyeček (future indicative negative singular)
yẹŋmeči biz (future indicative negative plural)
yẹŋmeyeček biz (future indicative negative plural)
yẹŋmeči siz (future indicative negative plural)
yẹŋmeyeček siz (future indicative negative plural)
yẹŋmeči (future indicative negative plural)
yẹŋmeyeček (future indicative negative plural)
yẹŋmegey ben (future indicative negative singular)
yẹŋmegey sen (future indicative negative singular)
yẹŋmegey (future indicative negative singular)
yẹŋmegey biz (future indicative negative plural)
yẹŋmegey siz (future indicative negative plural)
yẹŋmegey (future indicative negative plural)
yẹŋmesüküm (future indicative negative singular)
yẹŋmesüküŋ (future indicative negative singular)
yẹŋmesük (future indicative negative singular)
yẹŋmesükümüz (future indicative negative plural)
yẹŋmesüküŋüz (future indicative negative plural)
yẹŋmesük (future indicative negative plural)
yẹŋmesem (conditional negative singular)
yẹŋmeser ben (conditional negative singular)
yẹŋmeseŋ (conditional negative singular)
yẹŋmeser sen (conditional negative singular)
yẹŋmese (conditional negative singular)
yẹŋmeser (conditional negative singular)
yẹŋmesek (conditional negative plural)
yẹŋmesemiz (conditional negative plural)
yẹŋmeser biz (conditional negative plural)
yẹŋmeseŋiz (conditional negative plural)
yẹŋmeser siz (conditional negative plural)
yẹŋmeseler (conditional negative plural)
yẹŋmeser (conditional negative plural)
yẹŋmegey ben (negative optative singular)
yẹŋmegey sen (negative optative singular)
yẹŋmegey (negative optative singular)
yẹŋmegey biz (negative optative plural)
yẹŋmegey siz (negative optative plural)
yẹŋmegey (negative optative plural)
yẹŋmemekde ben (negative progressive singular)
yẹŋmemekde sen (negative progressive singular)
yẹŋmemekde (negative progressive singular)
yẹŋmemekde biz (negative plural progressive)
yẹŋmemekde siz (negative plural progressive)
yẹŋmemekde (negative plural progressive)
yẹŋmemelig ben (necessitative negative singular)
yẹŋmemelig sen (necessitative negative singular)
yẹŋmemelig (necessitative negative singular)
yẹŋmemelig biz (necessitative negative plural)
yẹŋmemelig siz (necessitative negative plural)
yẹŋmemelig (necessitative negative plural)
yẹŋmeyeyin (imperative negative singular)
yẹŋme (imperative negative singular)
yẹŋmegil (imperative negative singular)
yẹŋmezün (imperative negative singular)
yẹŋmeyelim (imperative negative plural)
yẹŋmeyiŋ (imperative negative plural)
yẹŋmezün (imperative negative plural)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫӗн (śĕn)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: yəngmək

Oghuz:

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: یَكْمَكْ (yeŋmäk)

Azerbaijani: yenmək

Gagauz: enmää

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: یكمك (yeñmek)
Turkish: yenmek
→ Armenian: եէնմիշ (eēnmiš), ենմիշ (enmiš)

Turkmen: ýeňmek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: يَنْكماكْ (yeŋmēk)

Khorezmian Turkic:

Chagatai:

Uzbek: yengmoq

Uyghur: يەڭمەك (yengmek)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir:

Tatar:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: yeñmek

Kumyk: енгмек (yeñmek)

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (jeñ-)

Karaim: [script needed] (yeñg-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: jengiw

Kazakh: жеңу (jeñu)

Nogai:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жеңүү (jeŋüü)

Southern Altai: јеҥер (ǰeŋer)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Shor: [script needed] (neŋ-)

Khakas: чиңерге (çiñerge)

A possible borrowing from Middle Chinese 贏 (yeng, “to win”). Nişanyan suggests a derivation from *yẹg.


yū-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫу (śu)

Hungarian: gyónik

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: yûmaq

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: یومق (yumaq), یویمق (yuymaq), یوغمق (yuġmaq)
Azerbaijani: yumaq
Ottoman Turkish: یومق (yumak)
Turkish: yumak, (dialectal) yuvmak, (dialectal) yümek

Salar: yü

Turkmen: ýuwmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: یُوماقْ (yūmʾq /yūmaq/)
Chagatai: یوماق (yumaq)
Uyghur: يۇماق (yumaq)
Uzbek: yuvmoq

Kipchak:

Kipchak–Bulgar:

Bashkir: йыуыу (yıwıw)

Tatar: юарга (yuarga), yuarğa

Kipchak–Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: yuvmaq, cuvmaq

Karachay-Balkar: жууаргъа (juuarğa)

Karaim: йув (yuv), יוב (yuv)

Kumyk: юмакъ (yumaq)

Kipchak–Nogai:

Kazakh: жуу (juu)

Nogai: ювув (yuvuv)

Kyrgyz–Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жуу (juu)

Southern Altai: јун- (ǰun-)

Siberian:

Yakut: сууй (suuy)

South Siberian

Yenisei:

Khakas: чуурға (çuurğa)

Shor: чун-

Sayan:

Tuvan: чуур (çuur)

Tofa: чу-, чун-

Northern Altai: чун- (čun-)

Western Yugur: yu, yuv-


sūn-

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: sunmaq

Ottoman Turkish: صونمق

Turkish: sunmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: سونماق (sunmaq)

Chagatai:

Uzbek: سون (sun-), сун (sun)

Uyghur: سۇنـ (sun-)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: sunmaq, сунмакъ

Karaim: сун- (sun-)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һоноу (honow)

Tatar: сон- (son-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: ұсыну (ūsynu)

Karakalpak: усыныў (usïnïw, “to offer”)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: сун (sun)

Southern Altai: сунар (sunar)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (sun-)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (sun-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (sun-)

North Siberian:

Yakut: уун (uun)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: сун- (sun-)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: сун- (sun-)

Compare Proto-Mongolic *sunu- (“to stretch out”), Proto-Tungusic *sūn- (“to stretch out”).


ātag

ātag (nominative singular)
ātagïg (accusative singular)
ātagnï (accusative singular)
ātagnïŋ (genitive singular)
ātagka (dative singular)
ātagda (locative singular)
ātagdan (ablative singular)
ātaggaru (allative singular)
ātagïn (instrumental singular)
ātagča (equative singular)
ātaglayu (singular)
ātaglïgu (comitative singular)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: ada

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: آطه (ada), آدا (ada)
Turkish: ada
→ Northern Kurdish: ada
→ Zazaki: ada
Gagauz: ada
→ Albanian: adë
→ Armenian: ատա (ata)
→ Crimean Tatar: ada
→ Ladino: adá
→ Laz: ადა (ada)
→ Macedonian: ада (ada)
→ Serbo-Croatian: ada
→ Ubykh: ада (ada)

Turkmen: āda

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: атау (ataw)

Cuman-Kipchak: atov

Kumyk: атав (ataw)

→ Chuvash: утӑ (ut̬ă)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: атау (atau) (dialectal)

Karakalpak: ataw


topïk

topïk (nominative singular)
topïklar (nominative plural)
topïknïŋ (genitive singular)
topïklarnïŋ (genitive plural)
topïkka (dative singular)
topïklarka (dative plural)
topïkta (locative singular)
topïklarda (locative plural)
topïktan (ablative singular)
topïklardan (ablative plural)
topïklarïn (instrumental plural)
topïkča (equative singular)
topïklarča (equative plural)

→ Proto-Mongolic: *toyig

Mongolian: тойг (tojg, “kneecap”)

Buryat: тойн (tojn, “kneecap”)

Kalmyk: төң (töñ, “kneecap”)

⇒ Proto-Mongolic: *tobkai

desc

Mongolian: туухай (tuuxaj, “a face of an anklebone”)

⇒ Mongolian: туухуу (tuuxuu, “knee-covering, knee warmer”)

→ Manchu: ᡨᠣᠪᡤᡳᡟᠠ (tobgiya, “knee”)

Arghu:

Khalaj: topuq

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: topuq

Ottoman Turkish: طوپوق (topuk)

Turkish: topuk (“heel bone”)

Turkmen: topuk

Karluk:

Karakhanid: تُبِقْ (topık, “small ball, pellet; ankle bone”)

Uzbek: topiq

Uyghur: توپۇق (topuq, “kneecap; patella”)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: тубыҡ (tubıq)

Tatar: тубык (tubıq)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar:

Kumyk: тобукъ (tobuq)

Karachay-Balkar: тобукъ (tobuq)

Karaim: [script needed] (tobuq)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: tobiʻq

Kazakh: тобық (tobyq)

Nogai: [script needed] (tobıq)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: томук (tomuk)

Southern Altai: томук (tomuk), тобук (tobuk)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: тобук (tobuk)

Dolgan: тобук

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: довук (dovuk)

Tofa: [script needed] (to'puq)

Yenisei:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (topïq)

Khakas: томых (tomıx, “kneecap”)

Western Yugur: tōq

From *top (“round thing”) + *-ik (diminutive suffix).
The Turkic intervocalic -p- has been changed to intervocalic hiatus in borrowings of Mongolic, to make it suitable for Mongolic phonetics


kapïrčak

kapïrčak (nominative singular)
kapïrčakïg (accusative singular)
kapïrčaknï (accusative singular)
kapïrčaknïŋ (genitive singular)
kapïrčakka (dative singular)
kapïrčakda (locative singular)
kapïrčakdan (ablative singular)
kapïrčakgaru (allative singular)
kapïrčakïn (instrumental singular)
kapïrčakča (equative singular)
kapïrčaklayu (singular)
kapïrčaklïgu (comitative singular)
*kapsa (alternative)

Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk
az:Ağamusa Axundov
tr:Besim Atalay

Oghur:

→ Hungarian: koporsó

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

desc

qapsağ<t:garden gate><qq:dialect in Quba>

Azerbaijani: qapsağ (“garden gate”) (dialect in Quba)

Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (qapurçaq, “parfume box, chest, case”)

kapurcak<t:wooden box><qq:dialectal, Edirne, Çanakkale>

kapıncak<t:wooden box><qq:dialectal, Tekirdağ, Istanbul (European side)>

kapsa<t:basket, box><qq:dialectal, İzmir, Aydın, Manisa, Kütahya, Sivas, Giresun>

kapsa<t:garden gate><qq:dialectal, Balıkesir, Mersin, Konya, Antalya, Çanakkale>

kapsa<t:shelter; garden gate><qq:dialectal, Malatya>

Turkish: kabırcak (“coffin”) (dialectal, Uşak, Kütahya), kapurcak (“wooden box”) (dialectal, Edirne, Çanakkale), kapıncak (“wooden box”) (dialectal, Tekirdağ, Istanbul (European side)), kapsa (“basket, box”) (dialectal, İzmir, Aydın, Manisa, Kütahya, Sivas, Giresun), kapsa (“garden gate”) (dialectal, Balıkesir, Mersin, Konya, Antalya, Çanakkale), kapsa (“shelter; garden gate”) (dialectal, Malatya), kapsak (“garden gate”) (dialectal, Aydın)

Turkmen: gapyrjak (“box”), gabsa (“wooden gate”)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: قَبِرْجاقْ (qapırčāq)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡабырсаҡ (qabırsaq, “seashell”)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: қабыршақ (qabyrşaq, “shell”)

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: кабырчак (kabïrčak, “shell”)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur:

North Siberian:

Yakut: куорчах (kuorcaq, “dugout coffin; protective frame for the coffin”)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: [script needed] (xaarjak, “box, case; coffin”)

Yenisei:

Khakas: харачах (xaraçax, “box, case, chest”), харчах (xarçax) (perhaps from Mongolic)

From *kapïŕ (“coffin”) + *-čak (“diminutive suffix”), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kap-. Also related to Old Uyghur [script needed] (qapız, “coffin”), Chagatai [script needed] (qapuzağ, “bark of a tree”). Compare also Proto-Mongolic *kayircag, *kaxurcag (“small box, chest”), Proto-Tungusic *kapsa (“box; bag; delved boat”). The Siberian Turkic languages reborrowed the word from its Mongolic form.


ïm

ïm (nominative singular)
ïmlar (nominative plural)
ïmnïŋ (genitive singular)
ïmlarnïŋ (genitive plural)
ïmka (dative singular)
ïmlarka (dative plural)
ïmda (locative singular)
ïmlarda (locative plural)
ïmdan (ablative singular)
ïmlardan (ablative plural)
ïmlarïn (instrumental plural)
ïmča (equative singular)
ïmlarča (equative plural)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: him

Ottoman Turkish: ام (im)

Turkish: im

Turkmen: üm

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اِمْ (im)

Uyghur: ئىم (im)

Uzbek: im

Kipchak:

Kipchak–Bulgar:

Bashkir: ым (ım)

Tatar: ым (ım)

Kipchak–Cuman:

Kumyk: юм (yum)

Kipchak–Nogai:

Karakalpak: iʼm

Kazakh: ым (ym)

Nogai: [script needed] (ım)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: ым (ım)

Southern Altai: [script needed] (um)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: [script needed] (im)

Dolgan: [script needed] (imneek)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: [script needed] (im)

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *(h)im (“sign”), Proto-Tungusic *pim (“sign”).


sïgïrčïk

sïgïrčïk (nominative singular)
sïgïrčïkïg (accusative singular)
sïgïrčïknï (accusative singular)
sïgïrčïknïŋ (genitive singular)
sïgïrčïkka (dative singular)
sïgïrčïkda (locative singular)
sïgïrčïkdan (ablative singular)
sïgïrčïkgaru (allative singular)
sïgïrčïkïn (instrumental singular)
sïgïrčïkča (equative singular)
sïgïrčïklayu (singular)
sïgïrčïklïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

>? Chuvash: шӑнкӑрч (šănk̬ărč)

Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: sığırçın

Gagauz: sıırcık

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: صیغیرجق (sığırcık), صغرجق (sığırcık)
Turkish: sığırcık

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: сыйырсыҡ (sıyırsıq)

Tatar: сыерчык (sıyerçıq)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: sıyırcıq, sığırçıq

desc

Kumyk: сыйыртгъыч (sıyırtğıç)

Kumyk: сыйыртгъыч (sıyırtğıç)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: чыйырчык (cıyırcık)

Southern Altai: сыгырчык (sïgïrčïk)

From *sïgïr- + *-čuk. Compare *sïgït- (“to cry, weep”).


yïpar

yïpar (nominative singular)
yïparlar (nominative plural)
yïparnïŋ (genitive singular)
yïparlarnïŋ (genitive plural)
yïparka (dative singular)
yïparlarka (dative plural)
yïparda (locative singular)
yïparlarda (locative plural)
yïpardan (ablative singular)
yïparlardan (ablative plural)
yïparlarïn (instrumental plural)
yïparča (equative singular)
yïparlarča (equative plural)

→? Proto-Mongolic: *jixar

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: yıpar (“good smell”)

Salar: yuxar

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yıpar)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: йофар (yofar)

Tatar: [script needed] (yifar)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: jupar

Kazakh: жұпар (jūpar)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жыпар (jıpar)

Southern Altai: јыбар (ǰïbar)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰘𐰯𐰺 (yïpar)

Old Uyghur: yyb’r (yïpar)

North Siberian:

Yakut: сыбар (sıbar)

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *jixar (“strong perfume, musk”).


kēp

kēp (nominative singular)
kēpig (accusative singular)
kēpni (accusative singular)
kēpniŋ (genitive singular)
kēpke (dative singular)
kēpde (locative singular)
kēpden (ablative singular)
kēpgerü (allative singular)
kēpin (instrumental singular)
kēpče (equative singular)
kēpleyü (singular)
kēpligü (comitative singular)

Oghur: *kep

Chuvash: кап (kap)

→ Eastern Mari: кап (kap, “body”)

→ Hungarian: kép

desctree

→ Old Church Slavonic: капь (kapĭ)
Serbo-Croatian: кип
Macedonian: кип (kip)
Russian: кип (kip)
Slovene: kip

Proto-Common Turkic: *kēp

Oghuz:

Turkmen: (dialectal) gēp

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (kīp)

→ Turkish: kip

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: [script needed] (kep)

→ Chechen: кеп (kep)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: kep

Nogai: [script needed] (kep)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кеп (kep)

Southern Altai: кеп (kep)

Siberian:

desc

Old Uyghur: 𐽷𐽶𐽼 (kép, “example, page of a published work”)

Western Yugur: kep

North Siberian:

Yakut: киэп (kiep)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: хеп (xep, “apparel”)

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (kep)

Shor: [script needed] (kep)


kēpi

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

desctree

Old Anatolian Turkish: كِبٖی (gibi, kibi), كمی (gimi, kimi), كپی (gipi, kipi), كبین (gibin, kibin)
Azerbaijani: kimi
Gagauz: gibi
Ottoman Turkish: گبی (gibi), گبین (gibin)
Turkish: gibi

Turkmen: kimin, kibi

Karluk:

Karakhanid: كِبٖی (kipi, kibi)

Uzbek: kabi

Uyghur: كەبى (kebi)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: кеүек (kewek)

Tatar: кеби (kebi), кебек (kebek)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: kibi, киби

Kumyk: йимик (yimik)

Karachay-Balkar: кибик (kibik)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Nogai: кимик (kimik)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak

Southern Altai: кеби (kebi, “shape”)

From *kēp (“form, image, example”), possibly suffixed with *-i.


burčak

burčak (nominative singular)
burčakïg (accusative singular)
burčaknï (accusative singular)
burčaknïŋ (genitive singular)
burčakka (dative singular)
burčakda (locative singular)
burčakdan (ablative singular)
burčakgaru (allative singular)
burčakïn (instrumental singular)
burčakča (equative singular)
burčaklayu (singular)
burčaklïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: пăрҫа (părś̬a)

→ Eastern Mari: пурса (pursa)

→ Western Mari: пырса (pyrsa)

→ Hungarian: borsó

Proto-Common Turkic: *burčak

Proto-Oghuz: *burčak

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish: بورچاق (burçak), بورجاق (burcak)
Gagauz: borçaq
Turkish: burçak
→ Middle Armenian: պուռչախ (puṙčʻax)

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: burçak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بُرْچَقْ (burčaq)

Khorezmian Turkic:

Chagatai: [script needed] (burçaq)

Uzbek: burchoq

Uyghur: پۇرچاق (purchaq)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: [script needed] (burçaq)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: борсаҡ (borsaq)

Tatar: борчак (borçaq)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: бурчакъ (burçaq)

desc

Karaim: бурчакъ (burçaq), бурчах (burçax)

Kumyk: бурчакъ (burçaq)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: бұршақ (būrşaq)

Karakalpak: burshaq

Nogai: [script needed] (burşaq)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: буурчак (buurcak)

Southern Altai: мырчак (mïrčak)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (burçaq)

Western Yugur: pırçaq

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Shor: мырчақ (mïrčaq)

→? Proto-Mongolic: *buxurcag

→ Kyrgyz: буурчак (buurcak)

Probably a diminutive form of an unknown root; *bur + *-čak. However, compare *bür (“bud, leaf”) and its derivative *bürtük (“grain”) for a similar semantic and morphological parallel.


kȫĺek

kȫĺek (nominative singular)
kȫĺekig (accusative singular)
kȫĺekni (accusative singular)
kȫĺekniŋ (genitive singular)
kȫĺekke (dative singular)
kȫĺekde (locative singular)
kȫĺekden (ablative singular)
kȫĺekgerü (allative singular)
kȫĺekin (instrumental singular)
kȫĺekče (equative singular)
kȫĺekleyü (singular)
kȫĺekligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

→ Hungarian: kölyök

→? Mongolian: гөлөг (gölög, “puppy”)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: köşək

Ottoman Turkish: كوشك (köşek)

Turkish: köşek

Turkmen: köşek

Karluk:

Chagatai:

Uzbek: ku’shek (dialect)

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: көшек (köşek) (dialectal)

Karakalpak: kóshek

Compare Proto-Mongolic *gölige (“pup, young dog or cat”).


köküŕ

köküŕ (nominative singular)
köküŕüg (accusative singular)
köküŕni (accusative singular)
köküŕnüŋ (genitive singular)
köküŕke (dative singular)
köküŕde (locative singular)
köküŕden (ablative singular)
köküŕgerü (allative singular)
köküŕün (instrumental singular)
köküŕče (equative singular)
köküŕleyü (singular)
köküŕlügü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: кӑкӑр (kăk̬ăr)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: köyüs

Oghuz: *köküz, *kögüz

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: ككز (gögüz), كوكوز (gögüz), كوكز (gögüz)

Azerbaijani: köks

Gagauz: güüs

Ottoman Turkish: گوگس (göks, göğüs)

Turkish: göğüs

Turkmen: göwüs

Karluk:

Karakhanid: كُكُزْ (köküz)

Uzbek: koʻksi

Uyghur: كۆكس (köks), كۆكرەك (kökrek)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: köküs

Karaim: [script needed] (kökis)

South Kipchak:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: кӧгӱс (kögüs)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (kögüz)

Western Yugur: köküs

North Siberian:

Yakut: көҕүс (köğüs)

Dolgan: [script needed] (köksü)

South Siberian:

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: [script needed] (kögis)

Shor: [script needed] (kögüs)

Compare to Proto-Mongolic *kökö-n (“breast (female), nipple”) (<*kökö- (“to suckle”)), Proto-Tungusic *xuku-n (“breast (female)”) (<*xuku- (“to suckle”)), also Proto-Japonic *kəkərə (“heart”).


üle-

→ Serbi—Mongolic: *püle-, *pülüg

Proto-Mongolic: *hüle-

Mongolian: үлэх (ülex)

Para-Mongolic: *pulug

Khitan: 𘮧𘲀𘯟 (*p ul uh)

→? Proto-Tungusic: *pule-

Oghur:

Chuvash: валеҫ (valeś)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

desc

⇒ Azerbaijani: üləşixʼ (“The beginning of the ditch, furrow, etc. separated from the main line; small water separator”) (dialect)

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: üleşmek

Turkmen: ülemek, üleşmek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اولاماک (ülemek), اولاشماک (üleşmek)

Uzbek: ulashmoq

Uyghur: ئۈلەشـ (ülesh-)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: өләшеү (öləşew)

Tatar: өләшергә (öläşergä)

Tatar: өләшергә (öläşergä)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: üleşmek

Kumyk: уьлешмек (üleşmek)

Karachay-Balkar: юлеширге (yuleşirge)

Karaim: ӱляш- (üleš-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: u’lesiw

Kazakh: үлесу (ülesu)

Nogai: уьлесуьв (ülesüv)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: үлөшүү (ülöşüü)

Kyrgyz: үлөшүү (ülöşüü)

Southern Altai: ӱлеер (üleer), ӱлежер (üležer)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽰 (ülemek)

Western Yugur: uliɣi (uli-, “to allot”)

desctree

⇒ Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿 (uluš)
→? Middle Mongol: ᠤᠯᠤᠰ (ulus)
→ Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽻 (ʾwlws /ulus/) (reborrowing)
Western Yugur: ulis (“allotment, personal garden, region”)

North Siberian:

Yakut: үллэр (üller)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: үлээр (üleer)

Yenisei:

Shor: ӱлерге (ülerge), ӱлеш (üleş-)

desc

Khakas: ӱлирге (ülirge), ӱлезерге (ülezerge)

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *hüle- (“to surplus, to leave”), Proto-Mongolic *hüle-gü (“surplus”), Proto-Tungusic *pule- (“to be left, to surplus”), Khitan 𘮧𘲀𘯟 (*p ul uh, “surplus”).


tüĺ

tüĺ (nominative singular)
tüĺüg (accusative singular)
tüĺni (accusative singular)
tüĺnüŋ (genitive singular)
tüĺke (dative singular)
tüĺde (locative singular)
tüĺden (ablative singular)
tüĺgerü (allative singular)
tüĺün (instrumental singular)
tüĺče (equative singular)
tüĺleyü (singular)
tüĺlügü (comitative singular)

→? Proto-Mongolic: *düli

Oghur:

→ Hungarian: dél

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: düş (dialect)

Turkmen: düş (dialect)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (tüş)

Uzbek: tush

Uyghur: چۈش (chüsh)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: төш (töş)

Tatar: төш (töş)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: тюш (tüş)

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (tüş)

Karaim: [script needed] (tüş)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: tuʼs

Kazakh: түс (tüs)

Nogai: [script needed] (tüs)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: түш (tüş)

Southern Altai: тӱш (tüš)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: дүъш (dǜş)

Tofa: дүш

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *düli (“middle (of the day, night)”).


ič

ič (nominative singular)
ičig (accusative singular)
ični (accusative singular)
ičniŋ (genitive singular)
ičke (dative singular)
ičde (locative singular)
ičden (ablative singular)
ičgerü (allative singular)
ičin (instrumental singular)
ičče (equative singular)
ičleyü (singular)
ičligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Volga Bulgar: إش (iş, “in, into”)

Chuvash: ӑш (ăš)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: iç

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: iç

Ottoman Turkish: ایچ (iç)

Gagauz: iç

Turkish: iç

Salar: iş

Turkmen: iç

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (iç)

Uyghur: ئىچ (ich)

Uzbek: ich

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: эс (es)

Tatar: еч (yeç)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: iç

Kumyk: ич (iç)

Karachay-Balkar: ич (iç)

Karaim: ич (iç)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: shi (“belly”)

Kazakh: іш (ış)

Nogai: иш (iş)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: ич (ic)

Southern Altai: ич (ič)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰃𐰲 (ič), 𐰱 (č̥ /ič/)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (iç)

desc

⇒ Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ičegü, “intestines”)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (ičeki, “belly”), ič (“inside”).

North Siberian:

Yakut: ис (is)

Dolgan: ис

South Siberian:

Sayan:

⇒ Tuvan: ижин (ijin, “belly”)

Tofa: [script needed] (i'šti, “intestines”)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: іскер (ìsker)


bïrak-

Oghur:

Chuvash: пӑрах (părah)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

desctree

Old Anatolian Turkish: براقمق (bıraqmaq), براخمق (bıraḫmaq), براغمق (bıraġmaq), برقمق (barqmaq)
Azerbaijani: buraxmaq
→ Armenian: բրախել (braxel)
Gagauz: brakmaa, braamaa
Ottoman Turkish: براقمق (bırakmak)
Turkish: bırakmak
→ Albanian: braktis

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (bıraq-)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: [script needed] (bıraq-)

North Kipchak:

⇒ Bashkir: [script needed] (bıraqtır-)

West Kipchak:

Karaim: [script needed] (bırak-)

South Kipchak:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

desc

Southern Altai: [script needed] (bırkıra-), бырка- (bïrka-)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: бырах (bıraq)

Dolgan: [script needed] (bırak)

South Siberian:

Yenisei Turkic:

Shor: [script needed] (purqa-)


yūrt

yūrt (nominative singular)
yūrtug (accusative singular)
yūrtnï (accusative singular)
yūrtnuŋ (genitive singular)
yūrtka (dative singular)
yūrtda (locative singular)
yūrtdan (ablative singular)
yūrtgaru (allative singular)
yūrtun (instrumental singular)
yūrtča (equative singular)
yūrtlayu (singular)
yūrtlugu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫурт (śurt)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: yûrt

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (yurt)

Azerbaijani: yurd

Ottoman Turkish: یورت (yurt)

Gagauz: yurt (yurd-)

Turkish: yurt (yurd-)

Turkmen: ýūrt (yūrd-)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: یُورْتْ (yurt)

Uyghur: يۇرت (yurt)

Uzbek: yurt

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: йорт (yort)

Tatar: йорт (yort)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: yurt

desctree

Kumyk: юрт (yurt)
→ Chechen: йурт class jj (jurt)

→ Ingush: юрт (jurt)

Karachay-Balkar: джурт (curt)

Karaim: [script needed] (yurt)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (žurt)

Kazakh: жұрт (jūrt)

Nogai: юрт (yurt)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: журт (jurt)

Southern Altai: јурт (ǰurt)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰆𐰺𐱃 (y¹ur¹t¹ /yurt/)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yurt)

Western Yugur: yurt

North Siberian:

Yakut: сурт (surt)

Dolgan: һурт (hurt)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: чурт (çurt)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: [script needed] (čurt)

Shor: [script needed] (čurt)

→ Russian: ю́рта (júrta)
→ Catalan: iurta
→ Finnish: jurtta
→ French: yourte
→ English: yurt
→ German: Jurte
→ English: yurt
→ Hungarian: jurta
→ Ingrian: jurtta
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: ју̑рта
Latin: jȗrta
→ Spanish: yurta
→ Swedish: jurta

Exists in almost every Turkic language. Compared to Manchu [script needed] (noron, “dwelling place”).


tut-

Oghur:

Chuvash: тыт (tyt)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: tutmaq

Oghuz:

desctree

Old Anatolian Turkish: طوتمق (dutmaq, tutmaq), دوتمق (dutmaq)
Azerbaijani: tutmaq
Gagauz: tutmaa
Ottoman Turkish: طوتمق (tutmak)
Turkish: tutmak

Turkmen: tutmak

Salar: tut

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (tut-)

Chagatai: توتماق (tutmaq), دوتماق (dutmaq) (Turcoman)
Uyghur: تۇتماق (tutmaq)
Uzbek: tutmoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: тотоу (totow)

Tatar: [script needed] (tot-)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: tutmaq

Kumyk: тутмакъ (tutmaq)

Karachay-Balkar: тутаргъа (tutarğa)

Karaim: [script needed] (tut-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: tuti’w

Kazakh: тұту (tūtu)

Nogai: [script needed] (tut-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: тутуу (tutuu)

Southern Altai: тудар (tudar)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐱃𐰆𐱃 (t¹ut¹ /tut-/)

Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽳𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽷 (tutmak)

Western Yugur: tutqa (tuʰtqa)

North Siberian:

Yakut: тут (tut)

Dolgan: тут

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: тудар (tudar)

Tofa: [script needed] (tu't-)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: тударға (tudarğa)

desc

Shor: тударға

Shor: тударға

Also reconstructed to earlier as *tuta- due to Turkish tutam, Tatar тотам (totam), Kazakh тұтам (tūtam), Kyrgyz тутам (tutam), Southern Altai тудам (tudam), etc.


küre-

Oghur:

⇒ Chuvash: кĕреҫе (kĕreś̬e, “spade, shovel”)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

⇒ Khalaj: kürgək

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: کُرُمَک (kürümek)

Azerbaijani: kürümək

Ottoman Turkish: كورهمك (küremek)

Turkish: küremek, kürümek

Gagauz: kürümää

⇒ Turkmen: kürek

⇒ Salar: kürek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: كُريٖماكْ (kürimek), كُرْكاكْ (kürgek)

Chagatai: کوریماک, کوراماک

Chagatai: کوریماک, کوراماک

Uzbek: kuramoq

Uyghur: كۈرەمەك (küremek, “to shovel”), كۈرەك (kürek, “shovel”)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: көрәү (körəw)

Tatar: [script needed] (köre-)

West Kipchak:

⇒ Crimean Tatar: kürek

Kumyk: кюремек (küremek)

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (küre-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: гүреў

Kazakh: күреу (küreu)

Nogai: куьрев (kürev)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: күрөө (küröö)

Southern Altai: кӱреер (küreer)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Dolgan: [script needed] (kürt-)

Yakut: күрт (kürt)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

⇒ Tuvan: [script needed] (xürüyek)

⇒ Tofa: [script needed] (xürüj̃ek)

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (küre-)

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *kura- (“to gather, collect”), Proto-Tungusic *xeru- (“to rake up; to sweep”) by EDAL.


tï̄n

tï̄n (nominative singular)
tï̄nïg (accusative singular)
tï̄nnï (accusative singular)
tï̄nnïŋ (genitive singular)
tï̄nka (dative singular)
tï̄nda (locative singular)
tï̄ndan (ablative singular)
tï̄ngaru (allative singular)
tï̄nïn (instrumental singular)
tï̄nča (equative singular)
tï̄nlayu (singular)
tï̄nlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: чӗм (čĕm)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

⇒ Khalaj: tînc

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

⇒ Azerbaijani: dinc

Ottoman Turkish:

⇒ Turkish: dinç, dinlenmek

⇒ Gagauz: dinnenmää

⇒ Turkmen: dȳnç

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (tın)

→ Turkish: tin (1934, instead of ruh through language revolution)

Uyghur: تىن (tin)

Uzbek: tin

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

desc

тыныш билдәһе

Bashkir: тын (tın), тыныш билдәһе (tınış bildəhe)

Tatar: тын (tın)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: тыныш (tınış)

Karachay-Balkar: тын (tın)

⇒ Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (tınçı-)

→ Azerbaijani: tıncıxmaq

⇒ Karaim: [script needed] (tınc)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: ti’n

Kazakh: тыныс (tynys)

Nogai: тыныс (tınıs)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: тын (tın)

Southern Altai: тын (tïn)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tın)

North Siberian:

Yakut: тыын (tıın)

Dolgan: тыын

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: тын (tın)

Tofa: тын

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: тын (tın)

Shor: тын


tarï-

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (darımak, “to impose oneself on; to occur, happer; to sack”)

Azerbaijani: darımaq

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (tarımaq)

→⇒ Turkish: tarım (“agriculture”) (during the language revolution)

Chagatai: [script needed] (darımak)

Uyghur: تېرىمەك (tërimek)

→ Mongolian: тарих (tarix, “to sow, to plant, to inject”)

Compare Proto-Tungusic *tari- (“to sow, plant, cultivate”).


čapak

čapak (nominative singular)
čapakïg (accusative singular)
čapaknï (accusative singular)
čapaknïŋ (genitive singular)
čapakka (dative singular)
čapakda (locative singular)
čapakdan (ablative singular)
čapakgaru (allative singular)
čapakïn (instrumental singular)
čapakča (equative singular)
čapaklayu (singular)
čapaklïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫупах (śup̬ah)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: çapaq

Ottoman Turkish: چاپاق

Turkish: çapak

Turkmen: çapak

Kypchak:

North Kypchak:

Tatar: чабак (çabaq)

Kypchak-Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: çabaq

→ Ukrainian: чаба́к (čabák)

Karachay-Balkar: чабакъ (çabaq)

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: шабақ (şabaq)

Kyrgyz–Kipchak:

>? Kyrgyz: чабак (cabak)

Southern Altai: чабак (čabak)


sïba-

sïbmak (infinitive)
sïbgan (participle present)
sïbgma (participle present)
sïbr (participle present)
sïbduk (participle past)
sïbmïš (participle past)
sïbdačï (future participle)
sïbmakčï (future participle)
sïbsïk (future participle)
sïbyačak (future participle)
sïbma (noun-from-verb)
sïbg (noun-from-verb)
sïbgu (noun-from-verb)
sïbš (adverbial)
sïbr ben (aorist indicative singular)
sïbr sen (aorist indicative singular)
sïbr (aorist indicative singular)
sïbr biz (aorist indicative plural)
sïbr siz (aorist indicative plural)
sïbr (aorist indicative plural)
sïbdïm (indicative past singular)
sïbdïŋ (indicative past singular)
sïbdï (indicative past singular)
sïbdïk (indicative past plural)
sïbdïmïz (indicative past plural)
sïbdïŋïz (indicative past plural)
sïbdï (indicative past plural)
sïbmïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
sïbmïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
sïbmïš (indicative inferential past singular)
sïbmïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
sïbmïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
sïbmïš (indicative inferential past plural)
sïbdačï ben (future indicative singular)
sïbmakčï ben (future indicative singular)
sïbyačak ben (future indicative singular)
sïbdačï sen (future indicative singular)
sïbmakčï sen (future indicative singular)
sïbyačak sen (future indicative singular)
sïbdačï (future indicative singular)
sïbmakčï (future indicative singular)
sïbyačak (future indicative singular)
sïbdačï biz (future indicative plural)
sïbmakčï biz (future indicative plural)
sïbyačak biz (future indicative plural)
sïbdačï siz (future indicative plural)
sïbmakčï siz (future indicative plural)
sïbyačak siz (future indicative plural)
sïbdačï (future indicative plural)
sïbmakčï (future indicative plural)
sïbyačak (future indicative plural)
sïbgay ben (future indicative singular)
sïbgay sen (future indicative singular)
sïbgay (future indicative singular)
sïbgay biz (future indicative plural)
sïbgay siz (future indicative plural)
sïbgay (future indicative plural)
sïbsïkïm (future indicative singular)
sïbsïkïŋ (future indicative singular)
sïbsïk (future indicative singular)
sïbsïkïmïz (future indicative plural)
sïbsïkïŋïz (future indicative plural)
sïbsïk (future indicative plural)
sïbsam (conditional singular)
sïbsar ben (conditional singular)
sïbsaŋ (conditional singular)
sïbsar sen (conditional singular)
sïbsa (conditional singular)
sïbsar (conditional singular)
sïbsak (conditional plural)
sïbsamïz (conditional plural)
sïbsar biz (conditional plural)
sïbsaŋïz (conditional plural)
sïbsar siz (conditional plural)
sïbsalar (conditional plural)
sïbsar (conditional plural)
sïbgay ben (optative singular)
sïbgay sen (optative singular)
sïbgay (optative singular)
sïbgay biz (optative plural)
sïbgay siz (optative plural)
sïbgay (optative plural)
sïbmakda ben (progressive singular)
sïbmakda sen (progressive singular)
sïbmakda (progressive singular)
sïbmakda biz (plural progressive)
sïbmakda siz (plural progressive)
sïbmakda (plural progressive)
sïbmalïg ben (necessitative singular)
sïbmalïg sen (necessitative singular)
sïbmalïg (necessitative singular)
sïbmalïg biz (necessitative plural)
sïbmalïg siz (necessitative plural)
sïbmalïg (necessitative plural)
sïbyayïn (imperative singular)
sïb (imperative singular)
sïbgïl (imperative singular)
sïbzun (imperative singular)
sïbyalïm (imperative plural)
sïbyïŋ (imperative plural)
sïbzun (imperative plural)
sïbmamak (infinitive negative)
sïbmagan (negative participle present)
sïbmagma (negative participle present)
sïbmaz (negative participle present)
sïbmaduk (negative participle past)
sïbmamïš (negative participle past)
sïbmačï (future negative participle)
sïbmasïk (future negative participle)
sïbmayačak (future negative participle)
sïbmama (negative noun-from-verb)
sïbmag (negative noun-from-verb)
sïbmagu (negative noun-from-verb)
sïbmaš (adverbial negative)
sïbmaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
sïbmaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
sïbmaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
sïbmaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
sïbmaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
sïbmaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
sïbmadïm (indicative negative past singular)
sïbmadïŋ (indicative negative past singular)
sïbmadï (indicative negative past singular)
sïbmadïk (indicative negative past plural)
sïbmadïmïz (indicative negative past plural)
sïbmadïŋïz (indicative negative past plural)
sïbmadï (indicative negative past plural)
sïbmamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
sïbmamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
sïbmamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
sïbmamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
sïbmamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
sïbmamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
sïbmačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
sïbmayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
sïbmačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
sïbmayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
sïbmačï (future indicative negative singular)
sïbmayačak (future indicative negative singular)
sïbmačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
sïbmayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
sïbmačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
sïbmayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
sïbmačï (future indicative negative plural)
sïbmayačak (future indicative negative plural)
sïbmagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
sïbmagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
sïbmagay (future indicative negative singular)
sïbmagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
sïbmagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
sïbmagay (future indicative negative plural)
sïbmasïkïm (future indicative negative singular)
sïbmasïkïŋ (future indicative negative singular)
sïbmasïk (future indicative negative singular)
sïbmasïkïmïz (future indicative negative plural)
sïbmasïkïŋïz (future indicative negative plural)
sïbmasïk (future indicative negative plural)
sïbmasam (conditional negative singular)
sïbmasar ben (conditional negative singular)
sïbmasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
sïbmasar sen (conditional negative singular)
sïbmasa (conditional negative singular)
sïbmasar (conditional negative singular)
sïbmasak (conditional negative plural)
sïbmasamïz (conditional negative plural)
sïbmasar biz (conditional negative plural)
sïbmasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
sïbmasar siz (conditional negative plural)
sïbmasalar (conditional negative plural)
sïbmasar (conditional negative plural)
sïbmagay ben (negative optative singular)
sïbmagay sen (negative optative singular)
sïbmagay (negative optative singular)
sïbmagay biz (negative optative plural)
sïbmagay siz (negative optative plural)
sïbmagay (negative optative plural)
sïbmamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
sïbmamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
sïbmamakda (negative progressive singular)
sïbmamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
sïbmamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
sïbmamakda (negative plural progressive)
sïbmamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
sïbmamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
sïbmamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
sïbmamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
sïbmamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
sïbmamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
sïbmayayïn (imperative negative singular)
sïbma (imperative negative singular)
sïbmagïl (imperative negative singular)
sïbmazun (imperative negative singular)
sïbmayalïm (imperative negative plural)
sïbmayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
sïbmazun (imperative negative plural)

→? Proto-Mongolic: *siba-

→? Proto-Tungusic: *siba-

Arghu:

Khalaj: sıvamaq

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: suvamaq

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: sıvamak

Gagauz: suvamaa

Salar: suvağusı

Turkmen: suwamak

Karluk:

desc

Karakhanid: سُڤَلْماقْ (suvalmāq), سُڤَشْماقْ (suvaşmāq)

Uzbek: suvamoq

Uyghur: سۇۋاماق (suwamaq)

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *siba- (“to smear (with clay))”), Proto-Tungusic *siba- (“to smear (with clay))”).

cog

(Arghu, Karluk, Oghuz, transitive) to smear


sïdïr-

trk-cmn-conj-head

sïdïrdačï, sïdïrmakčï, sïdïrsïk, sïdïračak

sïdïrdačï ben, sïdïrmakčï ben, sïdïračak ben

sïdïrdačï sen, sïdïrmakčï sen, sïdïračak sen

sïdïrdačï biz, sïdïrmakčï biz, sïdïračak biz

sïdïrdačï siz, sïdïrmakčï siz, sïdïračak siz

sïdïrsïkïŋïz

sïdïrmasak, sïdïrmasamïz, sïdïrmasar biz

sïdïrmak (infinitive)
sïdïrgan (participle present)
sïdïrïgma (participle present)
sïdïrur (participle present)
sïdïrduk (participle past)
sïdïrmïš (participle past)
sïdïrdačï (future participle)
sïdïrmakčï (future participle)
sïdïrsïk (future participle)
sïdïračak (future participle)
sïdïrma (noun-from-verb)
sïdïrïg (noun-from-verb)
sïdïrgu (noun-from-verb)
sïdïrïš (adverbial)
sïdïrur ben (aorist indicative singular)
sïdïrur sen (aorist indicative singular)
sïdïrur (aorist indicative singular)
sïdïrur biz (aorist indicative plural)
sïdïrur siz (aorist indicative plural)
sïdïrur (aorist indicative plural)
sïdïrdïm (indicative past singular)
sïdïrdïŋ (indicative past singular)
sïdïrdï (indicative past singular)
sïdïrdïk (indicative past plural)
sïdïrdïmïz (indicative past plural)
sïdïrdïŋïz (indicative past plural)
sïdïrdï (indicative past plural)
sïdïrmïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
sïdïrmïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
sïdïrmïš (indicative inferential past singular)
sïdïrmïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
sïdïrmïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
sïdïrmïš (indicative inferential past plural)
sïdïrdačï ben (future indicative singular)
sïdïrmakčï ben (future indicative singular)
sïdïračak ben (future indicative singular)
sïdïrdačï sen (future indicative singular)
sïdïrmakčï sen (future indicative singular)
sïdïračak sen (future indicative singular)
sïdïrdačï (future indicative singular)
sïdïrmakčï (future indicative singular)
sïdïračak (future indicative singular)
sïdïrdačï biz (future indicative plural)
sïdïrmakčï biz (future indicative plural)
sïdïračak biz (future indicative plural)
sïdïrdačï siz (future indicative plural)
sïdïrmakčï siz (future indicative plural)
sïdïračak siz (future indicative plural)
sïdïrdačï (future indicative plural)
sïdïrmakčï (future indicative plural)
sïdïračak (future indicative plural)
sïdïrgay ben (future indicative singular)
sïdïrgay sen (future indicative singular)
sïdïrgay (future indicative singular)
sïdïrgay biz (future indicative plural)
sïdïrgay siz (future indicative plural)
sïdïrgay (future indicative plural)
sïdïrsïkïm (future indicative singular)
sïdïrsïkïŋ (future indicative singular)
sïdïrsïk (future indicative singular)
sïdïrsïkïmïz (future indicative plural)
sïdïrsïkïŋïz (future indicative plural)
sïdïrsïk (future indicative plural)
sïdïrsam (conditional singular)
sïdïrsar ben (conditional singular)
sïdïrsaŋ (conditional singular)
sïdïrsar sen (conditional singular)
sïdïrsa (conditional singular)
sïdïrsar (conditional singular)
sïdïrsak (conditional plural)
sïdïrsamïz (conditional plural)
sïdïrsar biz (conditional plural)
sïdïrsaŋïz (conditional plural)
sïdïrsar siz (conditional plural)
sïdïrsalar (conditional plural)
sïdïrsar (conditional plural)
sïdïrgay ben (optative singular)
sïdïrgay sen (optative singular)
sïdïrgay (optative singular)
sïdïrgay biz (optative plural)
sïdïrgay siz (optative plural)
sïdïrgay (optative plural)
sïdïrmakda ben (progressive singular)
sïdïrmakda sen (progressive singular)
sïdïrmakda (progressive singular)
sïdïrmakda biz (plural progressive)
sïdïrmakda siz (plural progressive)
sïdïrmakda (plural progressive)
sïdïrmalïg ben (necessitative singular)
sïdïrmalïg sen (necessitative singular)
sïdïrmalïg (necessitative singular)
sïdïrmalïg biz (necessitative plural)
sïdïrmalïg siz (necessitative plural)
sïdïrmalïg (necessitative plural)
sïdïrayïn (imperative singular)
sïdïr (imperative singular)
sïdïrgïl (imperative singular)
sïdïrzun (imperative singular)
sïdïralïm (imperative plural)
sïdïrïŋ (imperative plural)
sïdïrzun (imperative plural)
sïdïrmamak (infinitive negative)
sïdïrmagan (negative participle present)
sïdïrmagma (negative participle present)
sïdïrmaz (negative participle present)
sïdïrmaduk (negative participle past)
sïdïrmamïš (negative participle past)
sïdïrmačï (future negative participle)
sïdïrmasïk (future negative participle)
sïdïrmayačak (future negative participle)
sïdïrmama (negative noun-from-verb)
sïdïrmag (negative noun-from-verb)
sïdïrmagu (negative noun-from-verb)
sïdïrmayïš (adverbial negative)
sïdïrmaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
sïdïrmaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
sïdïrmaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
sïdïrmaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
sïdïrmaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
sïdïrmaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
sïdïrmadïm (indicative negative past singular)
sïdïrmadïŋ (indicative negative past singular)
sïdïrmadï (indicative negative past singular)
sïdïrmadïk (indicative negative past plural)
sïdïrmadïmïz (indicative negative past plural)
sïdïrmadïŋïz (indicative negative past plural)
sïdïrmadï (indicative negative past plural)
sïdïrmamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
sïdïrmamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
sïdïrmamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
sïdïrmamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
sïdïrmamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
sïdïrmamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
sïdïrmačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
sïdïrmayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
sïdïrmačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
sïdïrmayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
sïdïrmačï (future indicative negative singular)
sïdïrmayačak (future indicative negative singular)
sïdïrmačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
sïdïrmayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
sïdïrmačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
sïdïrmayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
sïdïrmačï (future indicative negative plural)
sïdïrmayačak (future indicative negative plural)
sïdïrmagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
sïdïrmagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
sïdïrmagay (future indicative negative singular)
sïdïrmagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
sïdïrmagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
sïdïrmagay (future indicative negative plural)
sïdïrmasïkïm (future indicative negative singular)
sïdïrmasïkïŋ (future indicative negative singular)
sïdïrmasïk (future indicative negative singular)
sïdïrmasïkïmïz (future indicative negative plural)
sïdïrmasïkïŋïz (future indicative negative plural)
sïdïrmasïk (future indicative negative plural)
sïdïrmasam (conditional negative singular)
sïdïrmasar ben (conditional negative singular)
sïdïrmasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
sïdïrmasar sen (conditional negative singular)
sïdïrmasa (conditional negative singular)
sïdïrmasar (conditional negative singular)
sïdïrmasak (conditional negative plural)
sïdïrmasamïz (conditional negative plural)
sïdïrmasar biz (conditional negative plural)
sïdïrmasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
sïdïrmasar siz (conditional negative plural)
sïdïrmasalar (conditional negative plural)
sïdïrmasar (conditional negative plural)
sïdïrmagay ben (negative optative singular)
sïdïrmagay sen (negative optative singular)
sïdïrmagay (negative optative singular)
sïdïrmagay biz (negative optative plural)
sïdïrmagay siz (negative optative plural)
sïdïrmagay (negative optative plural)
sïdïrmamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
sïdïrmamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
sïdïrmamakda (negative progressive singular)
sïdïrmamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
sïdïrmamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
sïdïrmamakda (negative plural progressive)
sïdïrmamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
sïdïrmamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
sïdïrmamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
sïdïrmamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
sïdïrmamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
sïdïrmamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
sïdïrmayayïn (imperative negative singular)
sïdïrma (imperative negative singular)
sïdïrmagïl (imperative negative singular)
sïdïrmazun (imperative negative singular)
sïdïrmayalïm (imperative negative plural)
sïdïrmayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
sïdïrmazun (imperative negative plural)

Common Turkic:

→? Chuvash: шăйăр (šăjăr)

Arghu:

Khalaj: sıdırmaq

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: sıyırmaq

Ottoman Turkish: صییرمق (sıyırmaq)

Turkish: sıyırmak

Gagauz: sıyırmaa

Turkmen: sȳrmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (sıdırmaq)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: [script needed] (sıyır-) (dialect)

West Kipchak:

desc

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (sıyır-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: сиыру (siyru)

Nogai: [script needed] (sıyır-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: сыйруу (sıyruu)

Southern Altai: сыйырар (sïyïrar)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yenisei Turkic:

Western Yugur: [script needed] (sızır-)

Khakas: сызырарға (sızırarğa)

Shor: сызырарға (sızırarğa)

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *sidur- (“to rub off”), Proto-Tungusic *sidu- (“to rub off, peel off”).

cog

(Common Turkic, transitive) to rub off, peel off


yē-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫи (śi)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: yêmək

Oghuz:

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: یِیمَكْ (yemäk), یِمَكْ (yemäk)

Azerbaijani: yemək

Gagauz: imää

Ottoman Turkish: یمك (yemek, yimek)

Turkish: yemek

Turkmen: iýmek

Salar: yigüsi, yegüsi

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yemek)

Uyghur: يېمەك (yëmek)

Uzbek: yemoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ейеү (yeyew, “to eat”) (archaic), Bashkir: ем (yem, “food”)

⇒ Tatar: җим (cim)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar:

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (ye-)

Karaim: [script needed] (ye-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: jew

Kazakh: жеу (jeu)

Nogai: ев (yev)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жөө (jöö)

Southern Altai: јиир (ǰiir)

Siberian:

⇒ Old Turkic: 𐰘𐰃𐰘𐰇 (y²iy²ü, “eating”)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ye-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (yi-)

North Siberian:

Yakut: сиэ (sie)

Dolgan: һиэ (hie)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: чиир (çiir)

Tofa: чиир (çiir)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: чирге (çirge)

Shor: [script needed] (čii-)

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *je-mü- (“to be hungry”), Proto-Tungusic *ʒe-, *ʒep- (“to eat”).


yalïn

yalïn (nominative singular)
yalïnïg (accusative singular)
yalïnnï (accusative singular)
yalïnnïŋ (genitive singular)
yalïnka (dative singular)
yalïnda (locative singular)
yalïndan (ablative singular)
yalïngaru (allative singular)
yalïnïn (instrumental singular)
yalïnča (equative singular)
yalïnlayu (singular)
yalïnlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫулӑм (śulăm)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish: یالك (yalıñ)

Turkish: yalın, yalım

Gagauz: yalın

Turkmen: ýalyn

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yalın)

Uzbek: yaling (dialect)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: ялын (yalın)

Karaim: [script needed] (yalın)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: jali’n

Kazakh: жалын (jalyn)

Nogai: ялын (yalın)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жалын (jalın)

Southern Altai: [script needed] (yalın)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yalın)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (yalın)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: чалын (çalın)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: чалын (çalın)