am

Common Turkic:
** Arghu:
*** Khalaj: hâam
** Proto-Oghuz:
*** West Oghuz:
**** Old Anatolian Turkish:
***** Azerbaijani: am
***** Ottoman Turkish: آم
****** Gagauz:
****** Turkish: am
*** East Oghuz:
**** Turkmen: am
** Karluk:
*** Karakhanid: اَمْ (am)
**** Chagatai:
***** Uzbek: am
** Kipchak: اَمْ (am)
*** North Kipchak:
**** Bashkir: әм (əm), ам (am)
**** Tatar: әм (äm), ам (am)
*** South Kipchak:
**** Kazakh: ам (am)
*** East Kipchak:
**** Kyrgyz: ам (am)
**** Southern Altai: ам (am)


til

til (nominative singular)
tilig (accusative singular)
tilni (accusative singular)
tilniŋ (genitive singular)
tilke (dative singular)
tilte (locative singular)
tilten (ablative singular)
tilgerü (allative singular)
tilin (instrumental singular)
tilče (equative singular)
tilleyü (singular)
tilligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: чӗлхе (čĕlh̬e)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: til

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: dil

Ottoman Turkish: دل (dil)

Turkish: dil

Gagauz: dil

Salar: dil

Turkmen: dil

Karluk

Uzbek: til

Uyghur: تىل (til)

Kipchak

West Kipchak

Crimean Tatar: dil, til

Karachay-Balkar: тил (til)

Kumyk: тил (til)

North Kipchak

Bashkir: тел (tel)

Tatar: тел (tel)

South Kipchak

Kazakh: тіл (tıl)

Karakalpak: til

Nogai: тил (til)

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: тил (til)

Southern Altai: тил (til)

Siberian

North Siberian

Dolgan: тыл (tıl)

Yakut: тыл (tıl)

Sayan

Tofa: дыл (dıl)

Tuvan: дыл (dıl)

Yenisei

Khakas: тіл (tìl)

Shor: тил (til)


tepe

tepe (nominative singular)
tepeg (accusative singular)
tepeni (accusative singular)
tepeniŋ (genitive singular)
tepeke (dative singular)
tepede (locative singular)
tepeden (ablative singular)
tepegerü (allative singular)
tepen (instrumental singular)
tepeče (equative singular)
tepeleyü (singular)
tepeligü (comitative singular)

Oghur: *töpe/tüpe

Chuvash: тӳпе (tüp̬e, “sky; head”)

⇒ Chuvash: тĕпек (tĕpek, “bangs”)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: təpə

Oghuz: *tepe

Old Anatolian Turkish:

desctree

Azerbaijani: təpə
→ Lezgi: тепе (tepe)
→ Tabasaran: тепе (tepe)

Ottoman Turkish: تپه (tepe)
Turkish: tepe
→ English: tepe
→ Albanian: tepe
→ Armenian: թեփե (tʻepʻe), թափա (tʻapʻa)
→ Bulgarian: тепе n (tepe)
→ Greek: τεπέ n (tepé)
⇒ Greek: τεπές m (tepés)
→ Persian: تپه (tappe)

Turkmen: depe

desc

→ Bats: თეფ class jj (tep, “hill, hillock”)

Kipchak: *töbe

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: түбә (tübə)

Tatar: түбә (tübä)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: töpe, töbe

Karachay-Balkar: тёбе (töbe)

Kumyk: тёбе (töbe)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: төбе (töbe)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: дөбө (döbö)

Southern Altai: тӧбӧ (töbö)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: تُبُو (töpü)

Uyghur: تۆپە (töpe)

Uzbek: tepa

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰇𐰯𐰇 (töpü, “height”)

Old Uyghur: twybw (töpü)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: төбө (töbö)

Yakut: төбө (töbö)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: тей (tey)

Northern Altai: тӧбе (töbe), тӧвӧ (tövö)

→⇒? Proto-Mongolic: *dexere (“top”)

A variant *töpü formed at a very early date due to the vowels being rounded as a result of the neighboring labial consonant *p.


kirpik

kirpik (nominative singular)
kirpikig (accusative singular)
kirpikni (accusative singular)
kirpikniŋ (genitive singular)
kirpikke (dative singular)
kirpikde (locative singular)
kirpikden (ablative singular)
kirpikgerü (allative singular)
kirpikin (instrumental singular)
kirpikče (equative singular)
kirpikleyü (singular)
kirpikligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: хӑрпӑк (hărp̬ăk)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: kirpik

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (kirpik)

Azerbaijani: kirpik

Ottoman Turkish: كرپك (kirpik)

Turkish: kirpik

Gagauz: kirpik

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: kirpik

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (kirpik)

Chagatai: [script needed] (kirpik)

Uyghur: كىرپىك (kirpik)

Uzbek: kiprik

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: керфек (kerfek)

Bashkir: керпек (kerpek)

West Kipchak:

Crimeaic Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: kirpik

Urum: кирпиг (kirpig)

Karachay-Balkar: кирпик (kirpik)

Kumyk: кирпик (kirpik)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: кирпик

Kazakh: кірпік (kırpık)

Nogai: киприк (kiprik)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: kyrpyk (kirpik)

Western Yugur: kərmək

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tofa: чыыпық

Tofa: чыыпық

Tuvan: кирбик (kirbik)

Yeniseian Turkic:

Khakas: кірбік (kìrbìk)

Shor: кирбик

Shor: кирбик

Clauson suggests a diminutive formation *kirpi (“hedgehog”) + *-k.
Nishanyan and ESTJa instead suggest a derivation *kïrp- (“to shave; to wink”) + *-k, however this should've yielded the earliest form *kïrpuk.


yürek

yürek (nominative singular)
yürekig (accusative singular)
yürekni (accusative singular)
yürekniŋ (genitive singular)
yürekke (dative singular)
yürekde (locative singular)
yürekden (ablative singular)
yürekgerü (allative singular)
yürekin (instrumental singular)
yürekče (equative singular)
yürekleyü (singular)
yürekligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: чӗре (čĕre)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: yirək

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: ürək

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: یورك (yürek)
Gagauz: ürek
Turkish: yürek
→ Ladino: yurek

Salar: yirek

Turkmen: ýürek

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: джюрек (cürek)

Crimean Tatar: yürek

Kumyk: юрек (yürek)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: йөрәк (yörək)

Tatar: йөрәк (yöräk)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: júrek

Kazakh: жүрек (jürek)

Nogai: юрек (yurek)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жүрөк (jürök)

Southern Altai: јӱрек (ǰürek)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: يُرَكْ (yürek)

Chagatai: یوراک (yüräk)

Uzbek: yurak

Uyghur: يۈرەك (yürek)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (yüräk)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: һүрэк (hürek)

Yakut: сүрэх (süreq)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: чүрек (çürek)

Yenisei:

Khakas: чӱрек (çürek)

Shor: чӱрек (çürek)

desc

Northern Altai: чӱрек (čürek), тьӱрек (tʹürek), тьӱрӧк (tʹürök)

Related to Proto-Mongolic *ǰirüken (“heart”).


köt

köt (nominative singular)
kötüg (accusative singular)
kötni (accusative singular)
kötnüŋ (genitive singular)
kötke (dative singular)
kötde (locative singular)
kötden (ablative singular)
kötgerü (allative singular)
kötün (instrumental singular)
kötče (equative singular)
kötleyü (singular)
kötlügü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: кут (kut)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: köt

Karluk:

Karakhanid: كُتْ (köt)

Chagatai:

Uyghur: كۆت (köt)

Uzbek: koʻt

Kypchak:

North Kypchak:

Bashkir: күт (küt)

Tatar:

Cyrillic script: күт (küt)

Latin script: küt

Kipchak-Cuman:

Karaim: köt

Crimean Tatar: köt

Karachay-Balkar: кёт (köt)

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: көт (köt)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: көт (köt)

Southern Altai: кӧт (köt), кӧдӧн (ködön)

Proto-Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: göt

Ottoman Turkish: گوت (göt)

Gagauz: göt

desctree

Turkish: göt
→ Armenian: գյոթ (gyotʻ)
→ Swedish: göt c

Salar: göhdi

Turkmen: göt


baĺč

baĺč (nominative singular)
baĺčïg (accusative singular)
baĺčnï (accusative singular)
baĺčnïŋ (genitive singular)
baĺčka (dative singular)
baĺčda (locative singular)
baĺčdan (ablative singular)
baĺčgaru (allative singular)
baĺčïn (instrumental singular)
baĺčča (equative singular)
baĺčlayu (singular)
baĺčlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

desc

Bulgar: بج (baç), بَجنَ (baçna, “beginning of”)

Chuvash: пуҫ (puś)

>? Bulgar: بلج

Common Turkic: *baš

Arghu:

Khalaj: baş

Proto-Oghuz: *baš

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (baş)

Azerbaijani: baş

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: باش (baš), պաշ (baş) — Armeno-Turkish
Gagauz: baş
Turkish: baş
→ Albanian: bash
→ Armenian: պաշ (paš)
→ Bulgarian: баш (baš)
→ Macedonian: баш (baš)
→ Romanian: baș
→ Serbo-Croatian: bȁš／ба̏ш

East Oghuz:

Salar: baş

Turkmen: baş

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بَشْ, باشْ (baš)

Khorezmian Turkic: باش (baš)

Chagatai: باش (baš)

Uzbek: bosh

Uyghur: باش (bash)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: بَش (baş)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: баш (baş)

Tatar: баш (baş)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: baş

Karachay-Balkar: баш (baş)

Karaim: [script needed] (baş)

Kumyk: баш (baş)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: бас (bas)

Karakalpak: bas

Nogai: бас (bas)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: баш (baş)

Southern Altai: баш (baš)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰉𐱁 (baš)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (p՚š /baš/)

Western Yugur: baʂ

North Siberian:

Dolgan: бас (bas)

Yakut: бас (bas)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: баш (baş)

Tofa: баъш

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: пас (pas)

Shor: паш (paš)

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *maljan (“bald”) (<*balja/balji) (cf. Mongolian мулзан (mulzan, “bald”)). Also Mongolian тарвалжи бүргэд (tarvalži bürged, “steppe eagle, acc. the logic literally bald-headed eagle”) was suggested.

cog

тарвалжи бүргэд


yǖŕ

yǖŕ (nominative singular)
yǖŕüg (accusative singular)
yǖŕni (accusative singular)
yǖŕnüŋ (genitive singular)
yǖŕke (dative singular)
yǖŕte (locative singular)
yǖŕten (ablative singular)
yǖŕgerü (allative singular)
yǖŕün (instrumental singular)
yǖŕče (equative singular)
yǖŕleyü (singular)
yǖŕlügü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫӑвар (śăvar)

Medieval

Karakhanid: يُوزْ (yǖz)

Old Turkic

Old Turkic: 𐰘𐰇𐰕 (yüz)

Old Uyghur: ywz (yüz)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: [script needed] (yüz)

Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (yüz)

Khorezmian: [script needed] (yüz)

Arghu:

Khalaj: yü̂z

Oghuz

West Oghuz

Azerbaijani: üz

Gagauz: yüz

Ottoman Turkish: یوز (yüz)

Turkish: yüz

Salar

desc

Salar: [script needed] (yüz), [script needed] (yiz)

East Oghuz

Turkmen: ýüz

Kipchak

West Kipchak

Crimean Tatar: yüz

Kumyk: юз (yuz)

North Kipchak

Bashkir: йөҙ (yöź)

Tatar: йөз (yöz)

South Kipchak

Caspian

Kazakh: жүз (jüz)

Karakalpak: ju'z

Nogai: юз (yuz)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak

Kyrgyz: жүз (jüz)

Southern Altai: јӱс (ǰüs)

Karluk:

Chagatai: [script needed] (yüz)

Uzbek: yuz

Uyghur: يۈز (yüz)

Siberian

North Siberian

Dolgan: һүүс (hüüs)

Yakut: сүүс (süüs)

South Siberian

Western Yugur: [script needed] (yüz)

Yenisei Turkic

Khakas: чӱс (çüs)

Comparable to Proto-Mongolic *nixür (“face”), see Mongolian нүүр (nüür).


barmak

barmak (nominative singular)
barmakïg (accusative singular)
barmaknï (accusative singular)
barmaknïŋ (genitive singular)
barmakka (dative singular)
barmakda (locative singular)
barmakdan (ablative singular)
barmakgaru (allative singular)
barmakïn (instrumental singular)
barmakča (equative singular)
barmaklayu (singular)
barmaklïgu (comitative singular)

Common Turkic: *barmak

Arghu:

Khalaj: barmaq

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: بارمق (barmak)

Ajem-Turkic:

Azerbaijani: barmaq

Qashqai: بارماق

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: پرمق (parmak), پارمق (parmak), پرماق (parmak), փարմագ (parmak) — Armeno-Turkish
Gagauz: parmak
Turkish: parmak
→ Romanian: palmac

Uyghur-Oghuz:

Salar: burmaq, bırmaq

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: barmak

→ Khalaj: bırmaq

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (barmaq)

Uyghur: بارماق (barmaq)

Uzbek: barmoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: бармаҡ (barmaq)

Tatar: бармак (barmaq), барнак (barnaq)

→ Bulgar: *parna

Chuvash: пӳрне (pürne)

→ Eastern Mari: парня (parńa)

Cuman: barmac

Crimean Tatar: parmaq

Krymchak: parmaq

Karachay-Balkar: бармакъ (barmaq)

Karaim: пармакъ, бармах, barmak

Kumyk: бармакъ (barmaq)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: barmaq

Kazakh: бармақ (barmaq)

Nogai: бармак (barmak)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: бармак (barmak)

Southern Altai: бармак (barmak)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

desc

Khakas: [script needed] (parbax, “branched”)

Fedotov, ESTJa suggest a derivation from *bār (probably via an intermediary *bārï-) + *-mak, if so the word may have had a vowel shortening as a result of length in the suffix.
Räsänen and Nişanyan suggests a derivation from *bar- (“to go to”) + *-mak with semantic expansion.


adak

adak (canonical)
hadak (canonical)
adak (nominative singular)
adakïg (accusative singular)
adaknï (accusative singular)
adaknïŋ (genitive singular)
adakka (dative singular)
adakda (locative singular)
adakdan (ablative singular)
adakgaru (allative singular)
adakïn (instrumental singular)
adakča (equative singular)
adaklayu (singular)
adaklïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ура (ura)

Common Turkic: *adak

Arghu:

Khalaj: hadaq

Proto-Oghuz: *ayak

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: ayaq

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: آیاق (ayak)
Gagauz: ayak
Turkish: ayak
→ Armenian: այախ (ayax)

Salar: ayaq

Turkmen: aýak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اَذَقْ (aδaq)

desc

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (aδaq), [script needed] (ayaq)

Chagatai: آیاق (ayaq), آیاغ (ayağ)

Uzbek: oyoq

Uyghur: ئاياق (ayaq), ئاياغ (ayagh)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: ايق (ayaq)

Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (ayaq)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: ayaq

Karachay-Balkar: аякъ (ayaq)

Kumyk: аякъ (ayaq)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: аҙаҡ (aźaq, “end; then”), аяҡ (ayaq, “leg”)

Tatar: аяк (ayak)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: аяқ (aäq)

Karakalpak: ayaq

Nogai: аяк (ayak)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: аяк (ayak)

Southern Altai: аяк (ayak), айак (ayak)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰑𐰴 (adaq)

Old Uyghur: ʾʾdʾq (adaq)

Western Yugur: azaq

North Siberian:

Dolgan: атак (atak)

Yakut: атах (ataq)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: адак (adak)

Yeniseian Turkic:

Khakas: азах (azax)

Shor: азақ (azaq)

→ Proto-Mongolic: *adag

Usually considered to be simplex, however some theories have been thrown around:
# Németh and some other linguists derive it from *āt- (“to take a step”).
# Nişanyan suggests a derivation from *ad- (“to seperate”), however states that the morphology is not very obvious as there is no deverbal noun forming *-ak suffix.
# Hamilton puts forth the possibility of being derived from *yād- (“to spread”).
Sevortyan's attempt at relating it with Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to go”) and Räsänen's attempt to link it with Korean 바닥 (badak) are unfounded.


oŋurtka

oŋurtka (nominative singular)
oŋurtkalar (nominative plural)
oŋurtkanïŋ (genitive singular)
oŋurtkalarnïŋ (genitive plural)
oŋurtkaka (dative singular)
oŋurtkalarka (dative plural)
oŋurtkada (locative singular)
oŋurtkalarda (locative plural)
oŋurtkadan (ablative singular)
oŋurtkalardan (ablative plural)
oŋurtkalarïn (instrumental plural)
oŋurtkača (equative singular)
oŋurtkalarča (equative plural)

Karluk

Uzbek: umurtqa

Uyghur: ئومۇرتقا (omurtqa)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: onurğa

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: اوكورغه (oŋurɣa)
Turkish: omurga

Turkmen: oňurga

Kypchak

North Kypchak

Bashkir: умыртҡа (umırtqa)

Tatar: умыртка (umırtka)

East Kypchak

Kyrgyz: омуртка (omurtka)

Southern Altai: омуртка (omurtka)

South Kypchak

Karakalpak: омыртқа/omırtqa

Kazakh: омыртқа (omyrtqa)

Siberian:

North Siberian

Yakut: уорҕа (uorğa)

Southern Siberian

Khakas: орха (orxa), омыртха (omırtxa) (dialectal)

Tuvan: оорга (oorga)

desc

Shor: оортқа

Shor: оортқа

From *oŋur- (“to crush, break off”) + *-tka.


tǖk

tǖk (nominative singular)
tǖküg (accusative singular)
tǖkni (accusative singular)
tǖknüŋ (genitive singular)
tǖkke (dative singular)
tǖkde (locative singular)
tǖkden (ablative singular)
tǖkgerü (allative singular)
tǖkün (instrumental singular)
tǖkče (equative singular)
tǖkleyü (singular)
tǖklügü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: тӗк (tĕk)

Common Turkic: *tǖk

Arghu

Khalaj: tü̂k

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: توی (tüy), توك (tüğ)
Turkish: tüy
Gagauz: tüy
→ Armenian: թո̈ւյ (tʻüy)

Azerbaijani: tük

Salar: tük

Turkmen: tüý

Karluk:

Uyghur: تۈك (tük)

Uzbek: tuk

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: төк (tök)

Tatar: төк (tök)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: түк (tük)

Southern Altai: тӱк (tük)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: түк

Kazakh: түк (tük)

Nogai: тюк (tyuk)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: tük

Kumyk: тюк (tük)

Karachay-Balkar: тюк (tük)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Dolgan: түү

Yakut: түү (tüü)

South Siberian:

Tofa: түк

Tuvan: дүк (dük)

(zootomy, anatomy) various types of hair on the body of animals; feather, fur, hair


kōń

Oghur:

Chuvash: хӳ (hü)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: qôn

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qoyun

Ottoman Turkish: قوین (koyun)

Gagauz: koynu

Turkish: koyun, koy (“cove”)

Salar: goynu

Turkmen: goýun

Karluk:

Karakhanid: قُوىْ (kōy, “bosom”)

Chagatai:

Uyghur: قويۇن (qoyun)

Uzbek: qo’yin

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡуйын (quyın)

Tatar: ҡуйын

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: қойын (qoiyn)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: койын (koyın)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

desc

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (koy), [script needed] (koyun)

North Siberian:

Yakut: хоой (qooy)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: хой (xoy)


elig

elig (nominative singular)
eligig (accusative singular)
eligni (accusative singular)
eligniŋ (genitive singular)
eligke (dative singular)
eligde (locative singular)
eligden (ablative singular)
eliggerü (allative singular)
eligin (instrumental singular)
eligče (equative singular)
eligleyü (singular)
eligligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Volga Bulgar: الو (elüw)
Chuvash: алӑ (ală)

Common Turkic: *elig

Arghu:

Khalaj: əl

Oghuz: اَلِكْ (elig)

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ajem-Turkic:

Azerbaijani: əl

Qashqai: [script needed] (el)

Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (el)

Gagauz: el

Turkish: el

Salar: el

Turkmen: el

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اَلِكْ (“elig”)

Chagatai: [Term?] (“élik”)

Uyghur: ilik (dial.)

Uzbek: ilik (arch.)

Kipchak:

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: ӧлӱ (ölü, “finger”), элӱ (elü)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰠𐰏 (l²g /elig/)

Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽷 (elig)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (ılığ)

North Siberian:

Yakut: илии (ilii)

Dolgan: илии

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Shor: [script needed] (ilik)

Usually considered to be simplex, however some theories have been thrown around:
# Sevortyan compares the dialectal Turkish elmek (“hand”) and suggets a common root *el-
# Tekin ties the word to *ẹĺ- (“to dig”), stating that the sigmatism didn't occur due to its medial position.
# Nişanyan suggets a derivation *ạl- (“to take”) + *-ïg, however note that the word is never attested as being back voweled through history.
The reason behind the disappearence of the final -i in some languages is uncertain but likely due to confusion with the third person singular possessive, compare *tātïg (“taste”), *bẹńi (“brain”) for similar cases.
Some linguists also suggests a relation with *ellig (“fifty”) since a hand has five fingers.


kāpïk

kāpïk (nominative singular)
kāpïkïg (accusative singular)
kāpïknï (accusative singular)
kāpïknïŋ (genitive singular)
kāpïkka (dative singular)
kāpïkda (locative singular)
kāpïkdan (ablative singular)
kāpïkgaru (allative singular)
kāpïkïn (instrumental singular)
kāpïkča (equative singular)
kāpïklayu (singular)
kāpïklïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: хупӑ (hup̬ă), хуп (hup)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qabıq

Ottoman Turkish: قبوق (kabuk)

Turkish: kabuk

Salar: gōq

Turkmen: gabyk

Karluk:

Uzbek: qobiq, qobuq

Uyghur: قوۋزاق (qowzaq)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: qabuq

Karachay-Balkar: къабукъ (qabuq)

Kumyk: къабукъ (qabuq)

North Kipchak:

Tatar: кабык (qabıq)

Bashkir: ҡабыҡ (qabıq)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: қабық (qabyq)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кабык (kabık)

Southern Altai: кабык (kabïk)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: хатырык (qatırık)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: хавык (xavık)

Yenisei:

Khakas: хабых (xabıx)

From *kāp (“sack, cup”) + *-ïk (“diminutive suffix”).


agïŕ

agïŕ (nominative singular)
agïŕïg (accusative singular)
agïŕnï (accusative singular)
agïŕnïŋ (genitive singular)
agïŕka (dative singular)
agïŕta (locative singular)
agïŕtan (ablative singular)
agïŕgaru (allative singular)
agïŕïn (instrumental singular)
agïŕča (equative singular)
agïŕlayu (singular)
agïŕlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫӑвар (śăvar)

Arghu

Khalaj: âğız

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: ağız

→ Persian: آغوز (âğuz)

Ottoman Turkish:

Gagauz: aaz

Turkish: ağız

Salar: ağız

Turkmen: agyz

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اَغِزْ (ağïz)

Uzbek: ogʻiz

Uyghur: ئېغىز (ëghiz)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak

Bashkir: ауыҙ (awıź)

Tatar: авыз (awız)

South Kipchak

Karakalpak: awız

Kazakh: ауыз (auyz)

Nogai: авыз (avız)

West Kipchak

Crimean Tatar: ağız

Karachay-Balkar: аууз (auuz)

Karaim: avuz

Kumyk: авуз (awuz)

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: ооз (ooz)

Southern Altai: оос (oos)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Chulym: ағыс (aɣïs)

Khakas: аас (aas)

Northern Altai: акыс (akïs), аас (aas)

Shor: аас (aas)

Tofa: аас (aas)

Tuvan: аас (aas)

Western Yugur: aɣïs, aχïs, aχs, aχsï

North Siberian:

Dolgan: уос (uos, “lip”)

Yakut: уос (uos, “lip”)


tīŕ

tīŕ (nominative singular)
tīŕig (accusative singular)
tīŕni (accusative singular)
tīŕniŋ (genitive singular)
tīŕke (dative singular)
tīŕte (locative singular)
tīŕten (ablative singular)
tīŕgerü (allative singular)
tīŕin (instrumental singular)
tīŕče (equative singular)
tīŕleyü (singular)
tīŕligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: чӗр (čĕr)

→ Hungarian: térd

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: tîz

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: diz

Ottoman Turkish: دیز (diz)

Turkish: diz

Turkmen: dyz

Karluk:

Karakhanid: tiz

Uyghur: تىز (tiz)

Uzbek: tiz

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: тез (tez)

South Kipchak:

Kipchak-Nogai

Kazakh: тізе (tıze)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: тизе (tize)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰃𐰔 (tiz)


boyïn

boyïn (nominative singular)
boyïnug (accusative singular)
boyïnnï (accusative singular)
boyïnnuŋ (genitive singular)
boyïnka (dative singular)
boyïnta (locative singular)
boyïntan (ablative singular)
boyïngaru (allative singular)
boyïnun (instrumental singular)
boyïnča (equative singular)
boyïnlayu (singular)
boyïnlugu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: мӑй (măj)

Common Turkic: *bōń, *bōyn

Arghu:

Khalaj: bôyın

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: boyun

Ottoman Turkish: بوین (boyun)

Gagauz: boyun

Turkish: boyun

Oghuz-Uyghur:

Salar: boyun

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: boýun

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (boyın)

Chagatai: [script needed] (moyun)

Uyghur: بويۇن (boyun)

Uzbek: boʻyin

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: муйын (muyın)

Tatar: муен (muyen)

East Kipchak:

Crimeaic Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: moyun

Urum: боин (boin)

Karachay-Balkar: боюн (boyun)

Karaim: бойун

Kumyk: боюн (boyun)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: moyın

Kazakh: мойын (moiyn)

Nogai: мойын (moyın)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: моюн (moyun)

Southern Altai: мойын (moyïn)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: bwyyn (boyïn)

Western Yugur: mojn

North Siberian:

Dolgan: муой (muoy)

Yakut: моой (mooy)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tofa: мөэн

Tuvan: моюн (moyun)

Yeniseian Turkic:

Khakas: мойын (moyın)

Shor: мойун

The form *bōń, suggested by Rasanen and ESTJa, is fixed by Chuvash and North Siberian descendants and the initial m- in some descendants.
Going off DLT, Clauson and Nishanyan reconstructs it as *bōyïn instead.
ESTJa also suggests a derivation *bod (“stature”) + *-ïn, however this is morphologically impossible, as not only is there no *-n denominal noun suffix, the suffix that does exist has fourfold vowel harmony, ontop of that no descendent phonetically points to it.
Compared to Proto-Tungusic *moń- (“neck”) by Altaicists.

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *bōńa-k

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *bōń-a- (“to narrow; to be obstinate”)


solak

solak (nominative singular)
solakïg (accusative singular)
solaknï (accusative singular)
solaknïŋ (genitive singular)
solakka (dative singular)
solakda (locative singular)
solakdan (ablative singular)
solakgaru (allative singular)
solakïn (instrumental singular)
solakča (equative singular)
solaklayu (singular)
solaklïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Volga Bulgar:

Chuvash: сула (sula)

→ Kipchak: سُلاقْ (solāq)

Clauson derives the word from *sōl (“left”) and proposes the original meaning "organ on the left side of the body"; if so, the word could be considered the same as *sōlak (“left handed”) however note that such a word only survives in Turkish and may ultimately be a borrowing from Proto-Mongolic *solugai (“left handed”), itself a derivation of Proto-Turkic *sōl.
The DLT's attempt at connecting it to *tālak (“spleen”) is an error made by Kashgari.


tamïr

tamïr (nominative singular)
tamïrïg (accusative singular)
tamïrnï (accusative singular)
tamïrnïŋ (genitive singular)
tamïrka (dative singular)
tamïrta (locative singular)
tamïrtan (ablative singular)
tamïrgaru (allative singular)
tamïrïn (instrumental singular)
tamïrča (equative singular)
tamïrlayu (singular)
tamïrlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: тымар (tymar)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz: تَمَرْ (tamar)

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: damar

Ottoman Turkish: طمر (damar)

Gagauz: damar

Turkish: damar

→ Crimean Tatar: damar

→ Karaim: тамар

Salar: damır, damur

Turkmen: damar

Karluk:

Karakhanid: تَمُرْ (tamur)

Chagatai:

Uzbek: tomir

Uyghur: تومۇر (tomur)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: тамыр (tamır)

Karaim: тамур

Kumyk: тамыр (tamır)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: тамыр (tamır)

Tatar: тамыр (tamır)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: тамыр

Kazakh: тамыр (tamyr)

Nogai: тамыр (tamır)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: тамыр (tamır)

Southern Altai: тамыр (tamïr)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽰𐽹𐽶𐽾 (tamır)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (tamır)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: тымыр

Yakut: тымыр (tımır)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: дамыр

Tuvan: дамыр (damır)

Yenisei:

Khakas: тамыр (tamır)

Shor:

desc

→ Proto-Mongolic: *tamïr (“strength, energy; blood vessel”)

From *tam- (“to drip”) + *-mïr. Rounding of the second vowel due to neighboring /m/ to *tamur can be seen by Middle Turkic.