balkï-

trk-cmn-conj-head

balkïdačï, balkïmakčï, balkïsïk, balkïyačak

balkïdačï ben, balkïmakčï ben, balkïyačak ben

balkïdačï sen, balkïmakčï sen, balkïyačak sen

balkïdačï biz, balkïmakčï biz, balkïyačak biz

balkïdačï siz, balkïmakčï siz, balkïyačak siz

balkïmasak, balkïmasamïz, balkïmasar biz

balkïmak (infinitive)
balkïgan (participle present)
balkïgma (participle present)
balkïr (participle present)
balkïduk (participle past)
balkïmïš (participle past)
balkïdačï (future participle)
balkïmakčï (future participle)
balkïsïk (future participle)
balkïyačak (future participle)
balkïma (noun-from-verb)
balkïg (noun-from-verb)
balkïgu (noun-from-verb)
balkïš (adverbial)
balkïr ben (aorist indicative singular)
balkïr sen (aorist indicative singular)
balkïr (aorist indicative singular)
balkïr biz (aorist indicative plural)
balkïr siz (aorist indicative plural)
balkïr (aorist indicative plural)
balkïdïm (indicative past singular)
balkïdïŋ (indicative past singular)
balkïdï (indicative past singular)
balkïdïk (indicative past plural)
balkïdïmïz (indicative past plural)
balkïdïŋïz (indicative past plural)
balkïdï (indicative past plural)
balkïmïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
balkïmïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
balkïmïš (indicative inferential past singular)
balkïmïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
balkïmïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
balkïmïš (indicative inferential past plural)
balkïdačï ben (future indicative singular)
balkïmakčï ben (future indicative singular)
balkïyačak ben (future indicative singular)
balkïdačï sen (future indicative singular)
balkïmakčï sen (future indicative singular)
balkïyačak sen (future indicative singular)
balkïdačï (future indicative singular)
balkïmakčï (future indicative singular)
balkïyačak (future indicative singular)
balkïdačï biz (future indicative plural)
balkïmakčï biz (future indicative plural)
balkïyačak biz (future indicative plural)
balkïdačï siz (future indicative plural)
balkïmakčï siz (future indicative plural)
balkïyačak siz (future indicative plural)
balkïdačï (future indicative plural)
balkïmakčï (future indicative plural)
balkïyačak (future indicative plural)
balkïgay ben (future indicative singular)
balkïgay sen (future indicative singular)
balkïgay (future indicative singular)
balkïgay biz (future indicative plural)
balkïgay siz (future indicative plural)
balkïgay (future indicative plural)
balkïsïkïm (future indicative singular)
balkïsïkïŋ (future indicative singular)
balkïsïk (future indicative singular)
balkïsïkïmïz (future indicative plural)
balkïsïkïŋïz (future indicative plural)
balkïsïk (future indicative plural)
balkïsam (conditional singular)
balkïsar ben (conditional singular)
balkïsaŋ (conditional singular)
balkïsar sen (conditional singular)
balkïsa (conditional singular)
balkïsar (conditional singular)
balkïsak (conditional plural)
balkïsamïz (conditional plural)
balkïsar biz (conditional plural)
balkïsaŋïz (conditional plural)
balkïsar siz (conditional plural)
balkïsalar (conditional plural)
balkïsar (conditional plural)
balkïgay ben (optative singular)
balkïgay sen (optative singular)
balkïgay (optative singular)
balkïgay biz (optative plural)
balkïgay siz (optative plural)
balkïgay (optative plural)
balkïmakda ben (progressive singular)
balkïmakda sen (progressive singular)
balkïmakda (progressive singular)
balkïmakda biz (plural progressive)
balkïmakda siz (plural progressive)
balkïmakda (plural progressive)
balkïmalïg ben (necessitative singular)
balkïmalïg sen (necessitative singular)
balkïmalïg (necessitative singular)
balkïmalïg biz (necessitative plural)
balkïmalïg siz (necessitative plural)
balkïmalïg (necessitative plural)
balkïyayïn (imperative singular)
balkï (imperative singular)
balkïgïl (imperative singular)
balkïzun (imperative singular)
balkïyalïm (imperative plural)
balkïyïŋ (imperative plural)
balkïzun (imperative plural)
balkïmamak (infinitive negative)
balkïmagan (negative participle present)
balkïmagma (negative participle present)
balkïmaz (negative participle present)
balkïmaduk (negative participle past)
balkïmamïš (negative participle past)
balkïmačï (future negative participle)
balkïmasïk (future negative participle)
balkïmayačak (future negative participle)
balkïmama (negative noun-from-verb)
balkïmag (negative noun-from-verb)
balkïmagu (negative noun-from-verb)
balkïmaš (adverbial negative)
balkïmaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
balkïmaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
balkïmaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
balkïmaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
balkïmaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
balkïmaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
balkïmadïm (indicative negative past singular)
balkïmadïŋ (indicative negative past singular)
balkïmadï (indicative negative past singular)
balkïmadïk (indicative negative past plural)
balkïmadïmïz (indicative negative past plural)
balkïmadïŋïz (indicative negative past plural)
balkïmadï (indicative negative past plural)
balkïmamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
balkïmamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
balkïmamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
balkïmamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
balkïmamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
balkïmamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
balkïmačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
balkïmayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
balkïmačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
balkïmayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
balkïmačï (future indicative negative singular)
balkïmayačak (future indicative negative singular)
balkïmačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
balkïmayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
balkïmačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
balkïmayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
balkïmačï (future indicative negative plural)
balkïmayačak (future indicative negative plural)
balkïmagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
balkïmagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
balkïmagay (future indicative negative singular)
balkïmagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
balkïmagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
balkïmagay (future indicative negative plural)
balkïmasïkïm (future indicative negative singular)
balkïmasïkïŋ (future indicative negative singular)
balkïmasïk (future indicative negative singular)
balkïmasïkïmïz (future indicative negative plural)
balkïmasïkïŋïz (future indicative negative plural)
balkïmasïk (future indicative negative plural)
balkïmasam (conditional negative singular)
balkïmasar ben (conditional negative singular)
balkïmasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
balkïmasar sen (conditional negative singular)
balkïmasa (conditional negative singular)
balkïmasar (conditional negative singular)
balkïmasak (conditional negative plural)
balkïmasamïz (conditional negative plural)
balkïmasar biz (conditional negative plural)
balkïmasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
balkïmasar siz (conditional negative plural)
balkïmasalar (conditional negative plural)
balkïmasar (conditional negative plural)
balkïmagay ben (negative optative singular)
balkïmagay sen (negative optative singular)
balkïmagay (negative optative singular)
balkïmagay biz (negative optative plural)
balkïmagay siz (negative optative plural)
balkïmagay (negative optative plural)
balkïmamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
balkïmamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
balkïmamakda (negative progressive singular)
balkïmamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
balkïmamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
balkïmamakda (negative plural progressive)
balkïmamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
balkïmamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
balkïmamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
balkïmamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
balkïmamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
balkïmamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
balkïmayayïn (imperative negative singular)
balkïma (imperative negative singular)
balkïmagïl (imperative negative singular)
balkïmazun (imperative negative singular)
balkïmayalïm (imperative negative plural)
balkïmayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
balkïmazun (imperative negative plural)

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: balkımak, balkmak

East Oghuz:

⇒ Turkmen: balkyldamak

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: балҡыу (balqıw)

Tatar: балкырга (balkırga)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: балқу (balqu, “to melt”)

Karaim: balkymak

* According to Çağbayır, of onomatopoeic origin, compare Bashkir балҡ (balq, “expression used to denote a bright shine”).
* According to Tietze, from Arabic برق (barq, “lightning”) + *-ï-, compare dialectal Turkish barkımak (“to shine”) and balk (“lightning”), alternative form of berk.

noncog

(Common Turkic, transitive) to shine, glitter


togra-

trk-cmn-conj-head

togradačï, togramakčï, tograsïk, tograyačak

togradačï ben, togramakčï ben, tograyačak ben

togradačï sen, togramakčï sen, tograyačak sen

togradačï biz, togramakčï biz, tograyačak biz

togradačï siz, togramakčï siz, tograyačak siz

togramasak, togramasamïz, togramasar biz

togramak (infinitive)
togragan (participle present)
togragma (participle present)
tograr (participle present)
tograduk (participle past)
togramïš (participle past)
togradačï (future participle)
togramakčï (future participle)
tograsïk (future participle)
tograyačak (future participle)
tograma (noun-from-verb)
tograg (noun-from-verb)
togragu (noun-from-verb)
tograš (adverbial)
tograr ben (aorist indicative singular)
tograr sen (aorist indicative singular)
tograr (aorist indicative singular)
tograr biz (aorist indicative plural)
tograr siz (aorist indicative plural)
tograr (aorist indicative plural)
togradïm (indicative past singular)
togradïŋ (indicative past singular)
togradï (indicative past singular)
togradïk (indicative past plural)
togradïmïz (indicative past plural)
togradïŋïz (indicative past plural)
togradï (indicative past plural)
togramïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
togramïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
togramïš (indicative inferential past singular)
togramïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
togramïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
togramïš (indicative inferential past plural)
togradačï ben (future indicative singular)
togramakčï ben (future indicative singular)
tograyačak ben (future indicative singular)
togradačï sen (future indicative singular)
togramakčï sen (future indicative singular)
tograyačak sen (future indicative singular)
togradačï (future indicative singular)
togramakčï (future indicative singular)
tograyačak (future indicative singular)
togradačï biz (future indicative plural)
togramakčï biz (future indicative plural)
tograyačak biz (future indicative plural)
togradačï siz (future indicative plural)
togramakčï siz (future indicative plural)
tograyačak siz (future indicative plural)
togradačï (future indicative plural)
togramakčï (future indicative plural)
tograyačak (future indicative plural)
togragay ben (future indicative singular)
togragay sen (future indicative singular)
togragay (future indicative singular)
togragay biz (future indicative plural)
togragay siz (future indicative plural)
togragay (future indicative plural)
tograsïkïm (future indicative singular)
tograsïkïŋ (future indicative singular)
tograsïk (future indicative singular)
tograsïkïmïz (future indicative plural)
tograsïkïŋïz (future indicative plural)
tograsïk (future indicative plural)
tograsam (conditional singular)
tograsar ben (conditional singular)
tograsaŋ (conditional singular)
tograsar sen (conditional singular)
tograsa (conditional singular)
tograsar (conditional singular)
tograsak (conditional plural)
tograsamïz (conditional plural)
tograsar biz (conditional plural)
tograsaŋïz (conditional plural)
tograsar siz (conditional plural)
tograsalar (conditional plural)
tograsar (conditional plural)
togragay ben (optative singular)
togragay sen (optative singular)
togragay (optative singular)
togragay biz (optative plural)
togragay siz (optative plural)
togragay (optative plural)
togramakda ben (progressive singular)
togramakda sen (progressive singular)
togramakda (progressive singular)
togramakda biz (plural progressive)
togramakda siz (plural progressive)
togramakda (plural progressive)
togramalïg ben (necessitative singular)
togramalïg sen (necessitative singular)
togramalïg (necessitative singular)
togramalïg biz (necessitative plural)
togramalïg siz (necessitative plural)
togramalïg (necessitative plural)
tograyayïn (imperative singular)
togra (imperative singular)
togragïl (imperative singular)
tograzun (imperative singular)
tograyalïm (imperative plural)
tograyïŋ (imperative plural)
tograzun (imperative plural)
togramamak (infinitive negative)
togramagan (negative participle present)
togramagma (negative participle present)
togramaz (negative participle present)
togramaduk (negative participle past)
togramamïš (negative participle past)
togramačï (future negative participle)
togramasïk (future negative participle)
togramayačak (future negative participle)
togramama (negative noun-from-verb)
togramag (negative noun-from-verb)
togramagu (negative noun-from-verb)
togramaš (adverbial negative)
togramaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
togramaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
togramaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
togramaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
togramaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
togramaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
togramadïm (indicative negative past singular)
togramadïŋ (indicative negative past singular)
togramadï (indicative negative past singular)
togramadïk (indicative negative past plural)
togramadïmïz (indicative negative past plural)
togramadïŋïz (indicative negative past plural)
togramadï (indicative negative past plural)
togramamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
togramamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
togramamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
togramamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
togramamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
togramamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
togramačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
togramayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
togramačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
togramayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
togramačï (future indicative negative singular)
togramayačak (future indicative negative singular)
togramačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
togramayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
togramačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
togramayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
togramačï (future indicative negative plural)
togramayačak (future indicative negative plural)
togramagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
togramagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
togramagay (future indicative negative singular)
togramagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
togramagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
togramagay (future indicative negative plural)
togramasïkïm (future indicative negative singular)
togramasïkïŋ (future indicative negative singular)
togramasïk (future indicative negative singular)
togramasïkïmïz (future indicative negative plural)
togramasïkïŋïz (future indicative negative plural)
togramasïk (future indicative negative plural)
togramasam (conditional negative singular)
togramasar ben (conditional negative singular)
togramasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
togramasar sen (conditional negative singular)
togramasa (conditional negative singular)
togramasar (conditional negative singular)
togramasak (conditional negative plural)
togramasamïz (conditional negative plural)
togramasar biz (conditional negative plural)
togramasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
togramasar siz (conditional negative plural)
togramasalar (conditional negative plural)
togramasar (conditional negative plural)
togramagay ben (negative optative singular)
togramagay sen (negative optative singular)
togramagay (negative optative singular)
togramagay biz (negative optative plural)
togramagay siz (negative optative plural)
togramagay (negative optative plural)
togramamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
togramamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
togramamakda (negative progressive singular)
togramamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
togramamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
togramamakda (negative plural progressive)
togramamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
togramamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
togramamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
togramamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
togramamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
togramamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
togramayayïn (imperative negative singular)
tograma (imperative negative singular)
togramagïl (imperative negative singular)
togramazun (imperative negative singular)
togramayalïm (imperative negative plural)
togramayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
togramazun (imperative negative plural)

Oghur:

Chuvash: тура (tura)

Arghu:

Khalaj: torğamaq

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: doğramaq

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: طوغرامق (doğramak)
Gagauz: doramaa
Turkish: doğramak
→ Crimean Tatar: doğramaq
→ Karaim: [script needed] (doğramaq)

Turkmen: dogramak

Salar: doğrağusı, doğram

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (toğra-)

Chagatai: [script needed] (toğra-)

Uyghur: توغرىماق (toghrimaq)

Uzbek: to‘g‘ramoq

Kypchak:

North Kypchak:

Bashkir: турау (turaw)

Tatar: турарга (turarga)

South Kipchak:

Kipchak-Nogai:

Karakalpak: tug‘rag‘u

Kazakh: турау (turau)

Nogai: [script needed] (tuwra-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: тууроо (tuuroo)

Southern Altai: туураар (tuuraar)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: toramaq

Karachay-Balkar: туура- (tuura-)

Karaim: [script needed] (tuvra-)

Kumyk: тувра- (tuwra-)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Kirghiz:

Khakas: тоғырга (toğırga)

Shor: тоғрага (toğra-)

Old Uyghur:

Western Yugur: [script needed] (torğa-)

North Siberian:

⇒ Yakut: тоорот (toorot)

South Siberian:

Sayan turkic:

Tofa: доора- (doora-)

Tuvan: доорар (doorar)

# ESTJa suggests a derivation from *tog- and supposes a relation with *togan (“falcon”), however a denominal verb forming suffix *-ra does not exist.
# Nişanyan derives it from *toguru (“tang; straight, correct”), however the suffix *-a is attached only to stems ending with consonants.

(transitive) to cut into slices, small pieces


yān-

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yanımaq

Gagauz: yaanmaa, yaandırmaa

Karluk:

desc

يَنْدُرْماقْ

Karakhanid: يَنْدُرْماقْ (yandurmāq, “to threaten”), يَنِغْ (yanığ, “threatening”)

Uyghur: [script needed] (ǯonu-)

Uzbek: [script needed] (yan-)

Kipchak: يَنْماقْ (yanmāq, “to threaten”)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: [script needed] (yana-)

Tatar: [script needed] (yana-)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (žan-, žaŋ-, ǯanï-, zanï-)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yan-)

North Siberian:

Yakut: саан (saan)


yẹ̄t-

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (yedmek)

Azerbaijani: yedmək, yedək

Ottoman Turkish: یدمك (yedmek)

Gagauz: edek

Turkish: yedmek, yedek

Turkmen: ītmek, īdeklemek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: يَتْماكْ (yetmēk)

Chagatai: [script needed] (yét-)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: [script needed] (yete-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

⇒ Kazakh: жетек (jetek)

Nogai: [script needed] (yet-)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yét-)


ẹrpe-

trk-cmn-conj-head

ẹrpedeči ben, ẹrpemekči ben, ẹrpeyeček ben

ẹrpedeči sen, ẹrpemekči sen, ẹrpeyeček sen

ẹrpedeči biz, ẹrpemekči biz, ẹrpeyeček biz

ẹrpedeči siz, ẹrpemekči siz, ẹrpeyeček siz

ẹrpemek (infinitive)
ẹrpegen (participle present)
ẹrpegme (participle present)
ẹrper (participle present)
ẹrpedük (participle past)
ẹrpemiš (participle past)
ẹrpedeči (future participle)
ẹrpemekči (future participle)
ẹrpesik (future participle)
ẹrpeyeček (future participle)
ẹrpeme (noun-from-verb)
ẹrpeg (noun-from-verb)
ẹrpegü (noun-from-verb)
ẹrpeš (adverbial)
ẹrper ben (aorist indicative singular)
ẹrper sen (aorist indicative singular)
ẹrper (aorist indicative singular)
ẹrper biz (aorist indicative plural)
ẹrper siz (aorist indicative plural)
ẹrper (aorist indicative plural)
ẹrpedim (indicative past singular)
ẹrpediŋ (indicative past singular)
ẹrpedi (indicative past singular)
ẹrpedik (indicative past plural)
ẹrpedimiz (indicative past plural)
ẹrpediŋiz (indicative past plural)
ẹrpedi (indicative past plural)
ẹrpemiš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
ẹrpemiš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
ẹrpemiš (indicative inferential past singular)
ẹrpemiš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
ẹrpemiš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
ẹrpemiš (indicative inferential past plural)
ẹrpedeči ben (future indicative singular)
ẹrpemekči ben (future indicative singular)
ẹrpeyeček ben (future indicative singular)
ẹrpedeči sen (future indicative singular)
ẹrpemekči sen (future indicative singular)
ẹrpeyeček sen (future indicative singular)
ẹrpedeči (future indicative singular)
ẹrpemekči (future indicative singular)
ẹrpeyeček (future indicative singular)
ẹrpedeči biz (future indicative plural)
ẹrpemekči biz (future indicative plural)
ẹrpeyeček biz (future indicative plural)
ẹrpedeči siz (future indicative plural)
ẹrpemekči siz (future indicative plural)
ẹrpeyeček siz (future indicative plural)
ẹrpedeči (future indicative plural)
ẹrpemekči (future indicative plural)
ẹrpeyeček (future indicative plural)
ẹrpegey ben (future indicative singular)
ẹrpegey sen (future indicative singular)
ẹrpegey (future indicative singular)
ẹrpegey biz (future indicative plural)
ẹrpegey siz (future indicative plural)
ẹrpegey (future indicative plural)
ẹrpesikim (future indicative singular)
ẹrpesikiŋ (future indicative singular)
ẹrpesik (future indicative singular)
ẹrpesikimiz (future indicative plural)
ẹrpesikiŋiz (future indicative plural)
ẹrpesik (future indicative plural)
ẹrpesem (conditional singular)
ẹrpeser ben (conditional singular)
ẹrpeseŋ (conditional singular)
ẹrpeser sen (conditional singular)
ẹrpese (conditional singular)
ẹrpeser (conditional singular)
ẹrpesek (conditional plural)
ẹrpesemiz (conditional plural)
ẹrpeser biz (conditional plural)
ẹrpeseŋiz (conditional plural)
ẹrpeser siz (conditional plural)
ẹrpeseler (conditional plural)
ẹrpeser (conditional plural)
ẹrpegey ben (optative singular)
ẹrpegey sen (optative singular)
ẹrpegey (optative singular)
ẹrpegey biz (optative plural)
ẹrpegey siz (optative plural)
ẹrpegey (optative plural)
ẹrpemekde ben (progressive singular)
ẹrpemekde sen (progressive singular)
ẹrpemekde (progressive singular)
ẹrpemekde biz (plural progressive)
ẹrpemekde siz (plural progressive)
ẹrpemekde (plural progressive)
ẹrpemelig ben (necessitative singular)
ẹrpemelig sen (necessitative singular)
ẹrpemelig (necessitative singular)
ẹrpemelig biz (necessitative plural)
ẹrpemelig siz (necessitative plural)
ẹrpemelig (necessitative plural)
ẹrpeyeyin (imperative singular)
ẹrpe (imperative singular)
ẹrpegil (imperative singular)
ẹrpezün (imperative singular)
ẹrpeyelim (imperative plural)
ẹrpeyiŋ (imperative plural)
ẹrpezün (imperative plural)
ẹrpememek (infinitive negative)
ẹrpemegen (negative participle present)
ẹrpemegme (negative participle present)
ẹrpemez (negative participle present)
ẹrpemedük (negative participle past)
ẹrpememiš (negative participle past)
ẹrpemeči (future negative participle)
ẹrpemesik (future negative participle)
ẹrpemeyeček (future negative participle)
ẹrpememe (negative noun-from-verb)
ẹrpemeg (negative noun-from-verb)
ẹrpemegü (negative noun-from-verb)
ẹrpemeš (adverbial negative)
ẹrpemez ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
ẹrpemez sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
ẹrpemez (aorist indicative negative singular)
ẹrpemez biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
ẹrpemez siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
ẹrpemez (aorist indicative negative plural)
ẹrpemedim (indicative negative past singular)
ẹrpemediŋ (indicative negative past singular)
ẹrpemedi (indicative negative past singular)
ẹrpemedik (indicative negative past plural)
ẹrpemedimiz (indicative negative past plural)
ẹrpemediŋiz (indicative negative past plural)
ẹrpemedi (indicative negative past plural)
ẹrpememiš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
ẹrpememiš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
ẹrpememiš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
ẹrpememiš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
ẹrpememiš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
ẹrpememiš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
ẹrpemeči ben (future indicative negative singular)
ẹrpemeyeček ben (future indicative negative singular)
ẹrpemeči sen (future indicative negative singular)
ẹrpemeyeček sen (future indicative negative singular)
ẹrpemeči (future indicative negative singular)
ẹrpemeyeček (future indicative negative singular)
ẹrpemeči biz (future indicative negative plural)
ẹrpemeyeček biz (future indicative negative plural)
ẹrpemeči siz (future indicative negative plural)
ẹrpemeyeček siz (future indicative negative plural)
ẹrpemeči (future indicative negative plural)
ẹrpemeyeček (future indicative negative plural)
ẹrpemegey ben (future indicative negative singular)
ẹrpemegey sen (future indicative negative singular)
ẹrpemegey (future indicative negative singular)
ẹrpemegey biz (future indicative negative plural)
ẹrpemegey siz (future indicative negative plural)
ẹrpemegey (future indicative negative plural)
ẹrpemesikim (future indicative negative singular)
ẹrpemesikiŋ (future indicative negative singular)
ẹrpemesik (future indicative negative singular)
ẹrpemesikimiz (future indicative negative plural)
ẹrpemesikiŋiz (future indicative negative plural)
ẹrpemesik (future indicative negative plural)
ẹrpemesem (conditional negative singular)
ẹrpemeser ben (conditional negative singular)
ẹrpemeseŋ (conditional negative singular)
ẹrpemeser sen (conditional negative singular)
ẹrpemese (conditional negative singular)
ẹrpemeser (conditional negative singular)
ẹrpemesek (conditional negative plural)
ẹrpemesemiz (conditional negative plural)
ẹrpemeser biz (conditional negative plural)
ẹrpemeseŋiz (conditional negative plural)
ẹrpemeser siz (conditional negative plural)
ẹrpemeseler (conditional negative plural)
ẹrpemeser (conditional negative plural)
ẹrpemegey ben (negative optative singular)
ẹrpemegey sen (negative optative singular)
ẹrpemegey (negative optative singular)
ẹrpemegey biz (negative optative plural)
ẹrpemegey siz (negative optative plural)
ẹrpemegey (negative optative plural)
ẹrpememekde ben (negative progressive singular)
ẹrpememekde sen (negative progressive singular)
ẹrpememekde (negative progressive singular)
ẹrpememekde biz (negative plural progressive)
ẹrpememekde siz (negative plural progressive)
ẹrpememekde (negative plural progressive)
ẹrpememelig ben (necessitative negative singular)
ẹrpememelig sen (necessitative negative singular)
ẹrpememelig (necessitative negative singular)
ẹrpememelig biz (necessitative negative plural)
ẹrpememelig siz (necessitative negative plural)
ẹrpememelig (necessitative negative plural)
ẹrpemeyeyin (imperative negative singular)
ẹrpeme (imperative negative singular)
ẹrpemegil (imperative negative singular)
ẹrpemezün (imperative negative singular)
ẹrpemeyelim (imperative negative plural)
ẹrpemeyiŋ (imperative negative plural)
ẹrpemezün (imperative negative plural)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اِرْباماكْ (érpēmēk)

desc

اِرْبالْماكْ

اِرْباتْماكْ

⇒ Karakhanid: اِرْبالْماكْ (érpēlmēk), اِرْباتْماكْ (érpētmēk)

Siberian Turkic:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (érpä-)

⇒ Old Uyghur: [script needed] (érpäg), [script needed] (érpäglä-), [script needed] (érpäl-), [script needed] (érpäš-)

North Siberian:

Yakut: эрбээ (erbee)

⇒ Yakut: эрбии (erbii), эрбиилээ (erbiilee), эрбиилээх (erbiileeq), эрбэс (erbes), эрбэн (erben), эрбэт (erbet), эрбэһиннэр (erbehinner), эрбээччи (erbeecci)


čebir-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫавӑр (śavăr)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: çevirmək

Ottoman Turkish: چویرمك (çevirmek)

Gagauz: çevirmää

Turkish: çevirmek

→ Karaim: [script needed] (сivir-, čevir-)

Salar: çürgüsi, çüregüsi

Turkmen: çöwürmek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (çevürme:k)

Chagatai:

Uyghur: [script needed] (čäbir-)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (çüyür-)

Kumyk: [script needed] (çüyür-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Nogai: [script needed] (şüyir-)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: сэбирий (sebiriy)

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *čebre

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫавра (śavra)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: çevrə

Ottoman Turkish: چوره (çevre)

Gagauz: çevrä

Turkish: çevre, çepeçevre

→ Karaim: [script needed] (civre)

Turkmen: çöwre

Kipchak:

Cuman-Kipchak: čoura, čop čoura

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (çüyre, “contrariwise”)


yan-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫун (śun), ҫундар (śundar)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yanmaq, yandırmaq

Ottoman Turkish:

Gagauz: yanmaa

Turkish: yanmak

Turkmen: ýanmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yan-)

Chagatai:

Uyghur: [script needed] (yan-) (dial.)

Uzbek: yonmoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: яныу (yanıw)

Tatar: [script needed] (yan-), [script needed] (yandır-)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: yanmaq

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (yan-)

Karaim: [script needed] (yan-)

Kumyk: [script needed] (yan-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (žan-)

Kazakh: жану (janu)

Nogai: [script needed] (yan-), [script needed] (yandır-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жануу (januu)

Southern Altai: јандырар (ǰandïrar)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: сандаар (sandaar)


yan-

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yenə

Ottoman Turkish: ینه

Turkish: yine, yankı

Salar: yanğusı

Turkmen: ýene

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yan-), [script needed] (yana)

Chagatai:

Uyghur: [script needed] (yan-), يەنە (yene)

Uzbek: yonmoq, yana

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: йәнә (yənə)

Tatar: йәнә (yänä), [script needed] (yan-)

West Kipchak:

Karaim: [script needed] (yana)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (žäne)

Kazakh: және (jäne)

Nogai: [script needed] (yana)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жануу (januu), жана (jana)

Southern Altai: јанар (ǰanar)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (yan-), 𐰖𐰣𐰀 (yana)

Old Kirghiz: [script needed] (yan-)

Khakas: нанарға (nanarğa)

Shor: нанарға

Shor: нанарға

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yan-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (yan-)

South Siberian:

Tofa: нянар

Tuvan: чанар (çanar)


yād-

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yaymaq

Ottoman Turkish: یایمق (yaymak)

Turkish: yaymak

Turkmen: ýāýmak

Karluk:

Chagatai: [script needed] (yaymaq)

Uyghur: [script needed] (yaymaq)

Uzbek: yoymoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: йәйеү (yəyew)

Tatar: [script needed] (yay-)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: yaymaq

Karaim: [script needed] (yay-)

Kumyk: [script needed] (yay-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (cay-)

Kazakh: жаю (jaü)

Nogai: [script needed] (yay-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: [script needed] (cay-)

Southern Altai: јайар (ǰayar)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yad-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (yaz-)

→? Salar: yazğusı

South Siberian:

Tuvan: [script needed] (čat-)


ǖšen-

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: اوشنمك (üşenmek, “to worry; to avoid; to be tired of”)

Azerbaijani: hüşənmək (“to tremble”) (dialect)

Ottoman Turkish: اوشنمك (üşenmek)

Gagauz: üüşenmää

Turkish: üşenmek (“to be too lazy to”)

Turkmen: üýşenmek

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: үөһэй (üöhey)

According to Nishanyan, doublet of Turkish usanmak.


bïč-

Proto-Common Turkic: *bïč-

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Turkish: biçmek

Azerbaijani: biçmək

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: пішу (pışu)

Nogai: пишуьв (pişüv)

Karakalpak: pishiw

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: бычуу (bıcuu)

Southern Altai: бычыыр (bïčïïr)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: piçmek


küreš-

trk-cmn-conj-head

kürešdeči, kürešmekči, kürešsik, kürešeček

kürešdeči ben, kürešmekči ben, kürešeček ben

kürešdeči sen, kürešmekči sen, kürešeček sen

kürešdeči biz, kürešmekči biz, kürešeček biz

kürešdeči siz, kürešmekči siz, kürešeček siz

kürešmesek, kürešmesemiz, kürešmeser biz

kürešmek (infinitive)
kürešgen (participle present)
kürešigme (participle present)
kürešür (participle present)
kürešdük (participle past)
kürešmiš (participle past)
kürešdeči (future participle)
kürešmekči (future participle)
kürešsik (future participle)
kürešeček (future participle)
kürešme (noun-from-verb)
kürešig (noun-from-verb)
kürešgü (noun-from-verb)
kürešiš (adverbial)
kürešür ben (aorist indicative singular)
kürešür sen (aorist indicative singular)
kürešür (aorist indicative singular)
kürešür biz (aorist indicative plural)
kürešür siz (aorist indicative plural)
kürešür (aorist indicative plural)
kürešdim (indicative past singular)
kürešdiŋ (indicative past singular)
kürešdi (indicative past singular)
kürešdik (indicative past plural)
kürešdimiz (indicative past plural)
kürešdiŋiz (indicative past plural)
kürešdi (indicative past plural)
kürešmiš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
kürešmiš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
kürešmiš (indicative inferential past singular)
kürešmiš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
kürešmiš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
kürešmiš (indicative inferential past plural)
kürešdeči ben (future indicative singular)
kürešmekči ben (future indicative singular)
kürešeček ben (future indicative singular)
kürešdeči sen (future indicative singular)
kürešmekči sen (future indicative singular)
kürešeček sen (future indicative singular)
kürešdeči (future indicative singular)
kürešmekči (future indicative singular)
kürešeček (future indicative singular)
kürešdeči biz (future indicative plural)
kürešmekči biz (future indicative plural)
kürešeček biz (future indicative plural)
kürešdeči siz (future indicative plural)
kürešmekči siz (future indicative plural)
kürešeček siz (future indicative plural)
kürešdeči (future indicative plural)
kürešmekči (future indicative plural)
kürešeček (future indicative plural)
kürešgey ben (future indicative singular)
kürešgey sen (future indicative singular)
kürešgey (future indicative singular)
kürešgey biz (future indicative plural)
kürešgey siz (future indicative plural)
kürešgey (future indicative plural)
kürešsikim (future indicative singular)
kürešsikiŋ (future indicative singular)
kürešsik (future indicative singular)
kürešsikimiz (future indicative plural)
kürešsikiŋiz (future indicative plural)
kürešsik (future indicative plural)
kürešsem (conditional singular)
kürešser ben (conditional singular)
kürešseŋ (conditional singular)
kürešser sen (conditional singular)
kürešse (conditional singular)
kürešser (conditional singular)
kürešsek (conditional plural)
kürešsemiz (conditional plural)
kürešser biz (conditional plural)
kürešseŋiz (conditional plural)
kürešser siz (conditional plural)
kürešseler (conditional plural)
kürešser (conditional plural)
kürešgey ben (optative singular)
kürešgey sen (optative singular)
kürešgey (optative singular)
kürešgey biz (optative plural)
kürešgey siz (optative plural)
kürešgey (optative plural)
kürešmekde ben (progressive singular)
kürešmekde sen (progressive singular)
kürešmekde (progressive singular)
kürešmekde biz (plural progressive)
kürešmekde siz (plural progressive)
kürešmekde (plural progressive)
kürešmelig ben (necessitative singular)
kürešmelig sen (necessitative singular)
kürešmelig (necessitative singular)
kürešmelig biz (necessitative plural)
kürešmelig siz (necessitative plural)
kürešmelig (necessitative plural)
kürešeyin (imperative singular)
küreš (imperative singular)
kürešgil (imperative singular)
kürešzün (imperative singular)
kürešelim (imperative plural)
kürešiŋ (imperative plural)
kürešzün (imperative plural)
kürešmemek (infinitive negative)
kürešmegen (negative participle present)
kürešmegme (negative participle present)
kürešmez (negative participle present)
kürešmedük (negative participle past)
kürešmemiš (negative participle past)
kürešmeči (future negative participle)
kürešmesik (future negative participle)
kürešmeyeček (future negative participle)
kürešmeme (negative noun-from-verb)
kürešmeg (negative noun-from-verb)
kürešmegü (negative noun-from-verb)
kürešmeyiš (adverbial negative)
kürešmez ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
kürešmez sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
kürešmez (aorist indicative negative singular)
kürešmez biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
kürešmez siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
kürešmez (aorist indicative negative plural)
kürešmedim (indicative negative past singular)
kürešmediŋ (indicative negative past singular)
kürešmedi (indicative negative past singular)
kürešmedik (indicative negative past plural)
kürešmedimiz (indicative negative past plural)
kürešmediŋiz (indicative negative past plural)
kürešmedi (indicative negative past plural)
kürešmemiš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
kürešmemiš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
kürešmemiš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
kürešmemiš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
kürešmemiš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
kürešmemiš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
kürešmeči ben (future indicative negative singular)
kürešmeyeček ben (future indicative negative singular)
kürešmeči sen (future indicative negative singular)
kürešmeyeček sen (future indicative negative singular)
kürešmeči (future indicative negative singular)
kürešmeyeček (future indicative negative singular)
kürešmeči biz (future indicative negative plural)
kürešmeyeček biz (future indicative negative plural)
kürešmeči siz (future indicative negative plural)
kürešmeyeček siz (future indicative negative plural)
kürešmeči (future indicative negative plural)
kürešmeyeček (future indicative negative plural)
kürešmegey ben (future indicative negative singular)
kürešmegey sen (future indicative negative singular)
kürešmegey (future indicative negative singular)
kürešmegey biz (future indicative negative plural)
kürešmegey siz (future indicative negative plural)
kürešmegey (future indicative negative plural)
kürešmesikim (future indicative negative singular)
kürešmesikiŋ (future indicative negative singular)
kürešmesik (future indicative negative singular)
kürešmesikimiz (future indicative negative plural)
kürešmesikiŋiz (future indicative negative plural)
kürešmesik (future indicative negative plural)
kürešmesem (conditional negative singular)
kürešmeser ben (conditional negative singular)
kürešmeseŋ (conditional negative singular)
kürešmeser sen (conditional negative singular)
kürešmese (conditional negative singular)
kürešmeser (conditional negative singular)
kürešmesek (conditional negative plural)
kürešmesemiz (conditional negative plural)
kürešmeser biz (conditional negative plural)
kürešmeseŋiz (conditional negative plural)
kürešmeser siz (conditional negative plural)
kürešmeseler (conditional negative plural)
kürešmeser (conditional negative plural)
kürešmegey ben (negative optative singular)
kürešmegey sen (negative optative singular)
kürešmegey (negative optative singular)
kürešmegey biz (negative optative plural)
kürešmegey siz (negative optative plural)
kürešmegey (negative optative plural)
kürešmemekde ben (negative progressive singular)
kürešmemekde sen (negative progressive singular)
kürešmemekde (negative progressive singular)
kürešmemekde biz (negative plural progressive)
kürešmemekde siz (negative plural progressive)
kürešmemekde (negative plural progressive)
kürešmemelig ben (necessitative negative singular)
kürešmemelig sen (necessitative negative singular)
kürešmemelig (necessitative negative singular)
kürešmemelig biz (necessitative negative plural)
kürešmemelig siz (necessitative negative plural)
kürešmemelig (necessitative negative plural)
kürešmeyeyin (imperative negative singular)
kürešme (imperative negative singular)
kürešmegil (imperative negative singular)
kürešmezün (imperative negative singular)
kürešmeyelim (imperative negative plural)
kürešmeyiŋ (imperative negative plural)
kürešmezün (imperative negative plural)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (güreşmek)

Azerbaijani: güləş

Ottoman Turkish: كورشمك (güreşmek)

Turkish: güreşmek, güreş

Gagauz: güreşmää, güreş

Turkmen: göreşmek, göreş

Karluk:

Karakhanid: كرشماك (küreşmēk)

Chagatai: [script needed] (küreş-), [script needed] (küreş)

Uzbek: kurash

Uyghur: كۈرەش (küresh)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: көрәш (körəş)

Tatar: көрәш (köräş)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: күрес (küres)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: күрөш (küröş)

Southern Altai: кӱреш (küreš)

→ Chuvash: кӗреш (kĕreš)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽿𐽹𐽰𐽷 (kürešmek)

North Siberian:

Yakut: күрэс (küres)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: хүреш (xüreş)

Uncertain, with multiple possibilities:
* Nişanyan derives it from a hypothetical *küre- "to show strength", derived from *kür (“courageous, bold, dense, thick”).
* Erdal suggests a derivation from *küre- (“to desert, make oneself independent”) which he ultimately derives from *kür (“courageous, bold, dense, thick”).
* Clauson derives it from *küri- ~ *küre- (“to shovel”).
* Wilkens compares with Khotanese ggūrāsa- (“quarrel, dispute”) but does not elaborate.
* EDAL reconstructs *gerüĺ- based on *keriš- (“to quarrel”), however this is considered a seperate word derived from *ker- (“to stretch”).


āŕ-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ур (ur)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: hâzmaq

Oghuz:

desctree

Old Anatolian Turkish: آزمق (āzmak)
Azerbaijani: azmaq
Gagauz: azmaa
Ottoman Turkish: آزمق (azmaq)
Turkish: azmak
→ Armenian: ազմիշ (azmiš)
→ Macedonian: аздисува (azdisuva)

Turkmen: āzmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اازْماقْ (āzmaq)

Chagatai: [script needed] (azmaq)

Uyghur: ئازماق (azmaq)

Uzbek: ozmoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: [script needed] (az-)

Bashkir: аҙыу (aźıw)

→ Chuvash: ас (as)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: azmaq

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (az-)

Karaim: [script needed] (az-)

Kumyk: [script needed] (az-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (az-)

Kazakh: азу (azu)

Nogai: [script needed] (az-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: азуу (azuu)

Southern Altai: азар (azar)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰀𐰕 (az-)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (az-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (az-)

Old Kirghiz: [script needed] (az-)

Khakas: [script needed] (as-)

Shor: [script needed] (as-)

North Siberian:

Yakut: аас (aas)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: [script needed] (as-)


sȫn-

→ Proto-Mongolic: *sönü-

Mongolian: сөнөх (sönöx)

Oghur:

Chuvash: сӳн (sün)

→ Hungarian: szűnik

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Ajem Turkic:

Azerbaijani: sönmək

Qashqai: سؤنمك (sönmək)

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: سوينمك (söyünmek)

Gagauz: süünmää

Ottoman Turkish: سوگنمك (söğünmek), سونمك (sönmek)

Turkish: sönmek, (dialect) söğünmek, (dialect) söyünmek

Salar: sengüsi

Turkmen: sönmek, sȫnmek

Karluk:

Chagatai:

Uzbek: soʻnmoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һүнеү (hünew)

Tatar: [script needed] (sün-)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: [script needed] (sön-)

Karachay-Balkar:

Karaim: [script needed] (sön-)

Kumyk: [script needed] (sön-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (sön-)

Kazakh: сөну (sönu)

Nogai: [script needed] (sön-)

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: сеенер (seener), сенер (sener)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (sön-)

Related to Proto-Mongolic *sönü- (“to fade”).


ȫs-

Oghur:

Chuvash: авӑс (avăs)

Arghu:

Khalaj: həsmək

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: əsmək

Gagauz: esmää

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: اسمك (esmek)
Turkish: esmek
→ Armenian: էսմիշ (ēsmiš)

⇒ Salar: esnegüsi

Turkmen: öwüsmek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اَسْماكْ (esmēk)

Chagatai:

Uzbek: esmoq

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: есу (esu)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: эзер (ezer)


čō-

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Turkmen: çōymak

⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *čōg

Oghuz:

Turkmen: çōg

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: шоқ (şoq)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: [script needed] (çoq)

Southern Altai: [script needed] (çoq)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (çog)

Chagatai:

Uyghur: [script needed] (çoğ)

Uzbek: [script needed] (çoğ)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Dolgan: һуос

Yakut: суос (suos)

Old Uyghur:

Western Yugur: [script needed] (çoğ)

Old Kirghiz:

Khakas: [script needed] (soğ)

Shor: [script needed] (şoğ)


kōrï-

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qorumaq

Gagauz: koorumaa

Ottoman Turkish: قوریمق

Turkish: korumak

Salar: gorığusı

Turkmen: gōramak

Karluk:

Karakhanid:

Chagatai:

Uyghur: [script needed] (qoru-)

Uzbek: qoʻrimoq

Kipchak:

Cuman-Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: [script needed] (qoru-)

desc

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (qoru-)

Karaim: [script needed] (qoru-)

Kumyk: [script needed] (qoru-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (qorı-)

⇒ Kazakh: қорғау (qorğau)

Nogai: [script needed] (qorı-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: [script needed] (qoru-)

Southern Altai: корыыр (korïïr)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: *qorï-

⇒ Old Turkic: 𐰸𐰆𐰼𐰍𐰆 (q̊¹ur²ǧu /qorığu/)

Old Kirghiz: 𐰸𐰆𐰺 (q̊¹ur¹ /qorı-/)

Sayan:

Tuvan: [script needed] (xoru-)


yugur-

West Oghuz:

Turkish: yoğurmak

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жууруу (juuruu)

Southern Altai: јура- (ǰura-)


āŋgar-

Common Turkic:

Kipchak:

Kipchak–Bulgar:

Bashkir: аңғарыу (añğarıw)

Tatar: [script needed] (añğarau)

→ Chuvash: ӑнкар (ănk̬ar)

Kipchak–Nogai:

Kazakh: аңғару (añğaru)


tē-

Oghur:

Chuvash: те (te)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: دیمك (demäk)

Azerbaijani: demək

Gagauz: demää

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: دیمك (demek), տէմէք (demek) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: demek

Turkmen: diýmek

Salar: degüsi

Kipchak:

North Kipchak

Tatar: ди (di)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: demek

Karachay-Balkar: демек (demek)

Kumyk: демек (demek)

Urum: дэмэк

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: деу (deu)

Nogai: дев (dev)

Siberian Tatar: [script needed] (ti-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: дөө (döö)

Southern Altai: деер (deer)

Karluk:

Ili Turki: [script needed] (diy-)

Karakhanid: [script needed] (temēk)

Khorezmian Turkic:

Chagatai:

Uyghur: دېمەك (dëmek)

Uzbek: demoq

Siberian Turkic:

Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰃 (té-)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (te-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (ti-)

North Siberian Turkic:

Yakut: диэ (die)

Dolgan: диэ

Sayan:

Tuvan: дээр (deer)

Tofa: дэ-


sogur-

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Salar: suqurğusı

Turkmen: sogurmak

Karluk:

desc

Karakhanid: [script needed] (soğurmaq, “to gulp down”)

Uyghur: [script needed] (suğurmaq)

Uzbek: sugʻurmoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: [script needed] (huwır-)

Tatar: [script needed] (suwır-)

West Kipchak:

Karaim: [script needed] (suwur-)

Kumyk: [script needed] (suwur-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (suwır-)

Kazakh: суыру (suyru)

Nogai: [script needed] (suwır-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: сууруу (suuruu)

Southern Altai: [script needed] (suur-)

Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (suur-)

Shor: [script needed] (suur-)


sogul-

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: صوغلمق (soğulmaq)

Gagauz: suulmaa

Ottoman Turkish: صوغلمق (soğulmaq)

Turkish: soğulmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: سُغُلْماقْ (soğulma:q)


sōr-

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: suormaq

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: سورمق (sormaq), صورمق (sormaq)

Azerbaijani: sormaq

Ottoman Turkish: صورمق (sormaq), صورتمق (sorutmak)

Turkish: sormak, sorumak, soğurmak, somurmak, somurtmak

Turkmen: sōrmak, sōrdurmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid:

Chagatai:

Uyghur: [script needed] (şoramaq)

Uzbek: soʻrmoq

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: [script needed] (sor-)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: [script needed] (hur-)

Tatar: [script needed] (suvır-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (sor-)

Kazakh: сору (soru)

Nogai: [script needed] (sorı-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: соруу (soruu)

Southern Altai: [script needed] (sōr-)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (sor-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (sor-)

Old Kirghiz: [script needed] (sor-)

Khakas: [script needed] (sor-)

Sayan:

Tofa: [script needed] (sor-)

Tuvan: [script needed] (sor-)


čimdi-

Oghur:

>? Chuvash: чӗпӗт (čĕp̬ĕt)

Oghuz:

Classical Azerbaijani:

Azerbaijani: çimdik, çimdikləmək

Qashqai: جيمجيق (cimciq)

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Gagauz: çimdik, çimdiklemää

Ottoman Turkish: جمدك (çimdük)

Turkish: çimdik, çimdiklemek, (dialect) cimcik, (dialect) cimciklemek

Salar: çimdegüsi, çimdağusı, çimcilağusı

Turkmen: çümmük, çümmüklemek

Karluk:

Chagatai: چیمدیك (çimdik)

Uyghur: [script needed] (çimdimaq)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (çimdi-)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: шымшу (şymşu)


kula-

Common Turkic:

Karluk:

Chagatai:

Uzbek: qulamoq

Uyghur: [script needed] (qulamaq)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡолау (qolaw)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (qula-)

Kazakh: құлау (qūlau)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кулоо (kuloo)

Southern Altai: [script needed] (qula-)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur:

Western Yugur: [script needed] (qula-)

→? Salar: gülingüsi

It is regional. It has not been attested in Old Turkic, Old Uyghur, and Kashgarî's dictionary, however, it has in Salar and Western Yugur.


būš-

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

desctree

Old Anatolian Turkish: بوشمق (būşmaq), بوشمغ (būşmaġ), پوشمق (pūşmaq)
Gagauz: buuşmaa

⇒ Turkmen: būşlamak, būşlatmak, būşluk

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (buş-)

Uyghur: [script needed] (puşmaq)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: бошоу (boşow)

Tatar: [script needed] (poş-)

West Kipchak:

desc

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (buşuw)

Kumyk: [script needed] (buş-)

South Kipchak:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: [script needed] (bış-)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

⇒ Khakas: [script needed] (puzux-), [script needed] (puzura-)

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *būšurgan-

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: بوشورغانمق (būşurġanmaq)

Kipchak:

Cuman-Kipchak:

Karaim: [script needed] (buşurgan-)

→ Chuvash: пӑшӑрхан (păš̬ărh̬an)

Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: [script needed] (bužurɣan-)

(transitive) to be bad-tempered, irritable


sög-

Common Turkic:

Oghuz: سُكُشْ (söğüş)

Old Anatolian Turkish: سوكلمك (sögülmek), سكرمك (sögürmek), سوكلك (söglük), سوكلمه (söğülme)

Ottoman Turkish: سوكلمه (söğülme), سوكلومه (söğlüme)

Turkish: söğüş, söğürme

Turkmen: söwüş

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (söglümek)


ārka-

Proto-Oghuz: *ārka-

Oghuz: اَرْقاماقْ (arqa:maq)

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (aramak)

Azerbaijani: aramaq

Gagauz: aaramaa

Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (aramak)

Turkish: aramak

Turkmen: āramak


karga-

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: قرغامق (qarġamaq)

Azerbaijani: qarğımaq

Ottoman Turkish: قرغیمق (kargımak), قرغامق (kargamak)

Turkish: kargımak, (dialectal) kargamak

Turkmen: gargamak

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Bulgar:

Bashkir: ҡарғыу (qarğıw)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: qarğamaq

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: қарғау (qarğau)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: каргаар (kargaar)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: قَرْغاماقْ (qarğāmaq)

Khorezmian Turkic:

Chagatai:

Uzbek: qargʻamoq

Siberian Turkic:

North Siberian Turkic:

Yakut: кыраа (kıraa)

Sayan:

Tuvan: карганыр (karganır)

⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *kargïš (“curse, malediction”)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: قَارِشْ (qarış), قارقش (qarqış), قارغیش (qarġış)

Azerbaijani: qarğış

Ottoman Turkish: قارش (karış), قارقش (karkış), قارغیش (kargış)

Turkish: kargış, (dialectal) karış, (dialectal) karkış

Turkmen: gargyş

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Bulgar:

Bashkir: ҡарғыш (qarğış)

Tatar: qarğış

Kipchak-Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: qarğış

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: қарғыс (qarğys)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: каргыш (kargış)

Southern Altai: каргыш (kargïš)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: قَرْغِشْ (qarğïš)

Khorezmian Turkic:

Chagatai:

Uzbek: qargʻish

Siberian Turkic:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (qarğïš, “curse”)

North Siberian Turkic:

Yakut: кырыыс (kırııs)

Sayan:

Tuvan: каргыш (kargış)

Yenisei:

Khakas: харғас (xarğas)

Shor: [script needed] (kargıs)

Nişanyan suggests a derivation from *karak (“pupil”)

to curse, to maledict, to condemn, to damn


ilen-

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: ایلنمك (ilenmek)

Azerbaijani: ilənmək

Ottoman Turkish: ایلنمك (ilenmek)

Turkish: ilenmek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (ilenmēk)

Kipchak

Kipchak: [Term?] (“to be angry”)


törü-

Oghur:

Chuvash: тӳле (tüle)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

desctree

Old Anatolian Turkish: دوریمك (döremek), دورومك (dörümek)
Azerbaijani: törəmək
Gagauz: türümää
Ottoman Turkish: تورهمك (türemek), تورومك (türümek), [script needed] (dörümek,dürümek)
Turkish: türemek, (dialectal) töremek, (dialectal) törümek, (dialectal) dürümek, (dialectal) düremek
→ Armenian: թէօրէմիշ (tʻēōrēmiš)

Turkmen: döremek

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Cuman:

Kipchak: tøræ (Codex Cumanicus)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: төрөө (töröö)

Southern Altai: тӧрӧӧр (töröör)

Karluk:

desc

Karakhanid: تُرُوماكْ (turūmʾk /törümek/)

Chagatai: [script needed] (töre-), [script needed] (törü-)

Siberian Turkic:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (törü-)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (törü-)

North Siberian Turkic:

Yakut: төрөө (töröö)

South Siberian Turkic:

Sayan:

Tuvan: төрүүр (törüür)

Tofa: [script needed] (törü-)

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (töre)


kör-

Oghur:

Chuvash: кур (kur)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: körmək

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: كُورْمَكْ (görmäk)

Azerbaijani: görmək

Gagauz: görmää

Ottoman Turkish: كورمك (görmek)

Turkish: görmek

Salar: görgüsi

East Oghuz:

Khorasani Turkish: [script needed] (gẹrmek)

Turkmen: görmek

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Bulgar:

Bashkir: күреү (kürew)

Tatar: күрү (kürü)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: körmek

Karachay-Balkar: кёр- (kör-)

Krymchak: [script needed] (kor-)

Kumyk: гёрмек (görmek)

Urum: [script needed] (kör-), [script needed] (gör-)

Kipchak-Nogai:

Karakalpak: körüw

Kazakh: көру (köru)

Nogai: коьруьв (körüv)

Siberian Tatar: күр (kür)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: көрүү (körüü)

Southern Altai: кӧрӧр (körör)

Karluk:

Ili Turki:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (körmēk)

Chagatai:

Uyghur: كۆرمەك (körmek)

Uzbek: koʻrmoq

Siberian Turkic:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (kör-)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (kör-)

Western Yugur: kör

North Siberian Turkic:

Yakut: көр (kör)

Dolgan: көр

South Siberian Turkic:

Sayan:

Tuvan: көөр (köör)

Tofa: [script needed] (kör)

Yenisei:

Khakas: кӧрерге

Khakas: кӧрерге


ük-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ӳк (ük)

Common Turkic:

Kipchak: *üy-

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: өйев (öyev)

Tatar: өйәргә (öyärgä)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: үю (üü)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: үйүү (üyüü), үйүшүү (üyüşüü)

Kyrgyz: үйүү (üyüü), үйүшүү (üyüşüü)

Southern Altai: ӱӱр (üür)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اُكْماكْ (ʾukmʾk /ükmek/)

Chagatai: اوکماک (ʾwkmʾk /ükmäk/)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (ük-)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ük-)

Khakas: [script needed] (üül-)

اشمكAzerbaijani: üyüşməkGagauz: üüşmääTurkish: üşmek⇒ Ottoman Turkish: اوششمكTurkish: üşüşmek

üşürmek

Ottoman Turkish: اوشورمك (üşürmek); Turkish

Old Anatolian Turkish: اویوكGagauz: üükOttoman Turkish: اویوك


töŕ-

Oghur:

→ Hungarian: tűr

Proto-Common Turkic: *töz-, *tȫz-

Oghuz:

desctree

Old Anatolian Turkish: دویمك (döymek), دوزمك (dözmek)
Ajam-Turkic: دوزماک (dözmək)
Azerbaijani: dözmək
Ottoman Turkish: دویمك (döymek)
Turkish: (dialectal) döymek, dözmek

Turkmen: dözmek

Kipchak: تُوزْماكْ (tūzmʾk /tȫzmek/)

→ Chuvash: тӳс (tüs)

Kipchak-Cuman:

desc

Kipchak: (Codex Cumanicus II) tøs, (Codex Cumanicus I) tox

Crimean Tatar: tözmek

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: тӱзер (tüzer)

Karluk:

desctree

Karakhanid: تُوزْماكْ (tūzmʾk /tȫzmek/)
Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (töz-)
Chagatai: [script needed] (töz-)


tïg-

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Gagauz: tıımaa

Turkish: (dialectal) tığmak

>? Turkmen: taýmak

⇒? Turkmen: dyglamak

Karluk:

desc

Karakhanid: تِغْماقْ (/tïğmaq/, “to blunt, to flee”)


yügür-

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: یوكورمك (yügürmek), یویورمك (yüyürmek)

Azerbaijani: yüyürmək

Ottoman Turkish: یوكورمك (yüğürmek)

Turkish: (dialectal) yüğürmek, yüğrümek, yüyürmek

Salar: yükkürgüsi

Turkmen: ýüwürmek

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Bulgar:

Bashkir: йүгереү (yügerew)

Tatar: йөгерергә (yögerergä)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Kipchak: yugur (/yügür/) (Codex Cumanicus)

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: жүгіру (jügıru)

Nogai: ювырув (yuvıruv)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жүгүрүү (jügürüü)

Southern Altai: јӱгӱрер (ǰügürer)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: یُكُرْماكْ (yugurmʼk /yügürmek/)

Chagatai: یوکورماک (yügürmäk)

Uyghur: يۈگۈرمەك (yügürmek)

Uzbek: yugurmoq

Siberian Turkic:

Old Uyghur: [Term?] (/yügür-/)

North Siberian Turkic:

Yakut: сүүр (süür)

South Siberian Turkic:

Northern Altai: чӱгӱрерге (čügürerge)

Chulym: чӱгӱрӓйғе

Chulym: чӱгӱрӓйғе

Sayan:

Tuvan: чүгүрер (çügürer)

Yenisei:

Khakas: чӱгӱрерге (çügürerge)

Shor: чӱгӱрерге

Shor: чӱгӱрерге


toŋ-

Oghur:

Chuvash: тӗн (tĕn)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: طوكمق (doŋmaq)

Azerbaijani: donmaq

Gagauz: donmaa

Ottoman Turkish: طوكمق (doñmak)

Turkish: donmak

Turkmen: doňmak

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Bulgar:

Bashkir: туңыу (tuñıw)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (ṭoŋ-)

Kipchak: toꝯ (Codex Cumanicus)

Crimean Tatar: toñmaq

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: тоңу (toñu)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: тоңуу (toŋuu)

Southern Altai: тоҥор (toŋor)

Karluk:

desctree

Karakhanid: تُنْكْماقْ (tunkmʾq /toŋmaq/)
Chagatai: تونکماق (toŋmaq)
Uyghur: توڭماق (tongmaq)
Uzbek: toʻngmoq

Siberian Turkic:

Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽹𐽰𐽲 (twnkmʾq /toŋ-/)

North Siberian Turkic:

Yakut: тоҥ (toñ)

South Siberian Turkic:

Sayan:

Tuvan: доңар (doñar)

Yenisei:

Khakas: тоорға (toorğa)

According to Wilkens, borrowed from Middle Chinese 凍 (tuwng, tuwngᴴ, “to freeze; ice, cold”).
Compared by Altaicists to Proto-Mongolic *daxara- (“to freeze”) and Proto-Tungusic *doŋota (“cold, frost”) (Evenki доӈото (doŋoto)); Räsänen compares Finnish tankea, from Proto-Finno-Permic *taŋketa. However, the Altaic hypothesis is widely discredited and these words likely aren't related by inheritance but an early interaction in ancient times.


isin-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ӑшӑн (ăš̬ăn)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: اصنمق (ısınmaq), اسنمك (isinmek)

Azerbaijani: isinmək

Gagauz: yısınmaa

Ottoman Turkish: اصنمق (ısınmaq), اسنمق (ısınmaq)

Turkish: ısınmak

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Bulgar:

Bashkir: эҫенеү (eśenew)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (isin-)

Crimean Tatar: isinmek

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: ысыну (ysynu)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: [script needed] (ısın-)

Southern Altai: изинер (iziner)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اِسِنْماقْ (ʾisinmʾq /ïsïnmaq/)

Chagatai: ایسینماق (isinmaq)

Uyghur: ئىسسىنماق (issinmaq)

Uzbek: isinmoq

Siberian Turkic:

Old Uyghur: [Term?] (/isin-/)


yōd-

Oghuz:

desctree

Old Anatolian Turkish: یویمق (yoymaq)
Ottoman Turkish: یویمق (yoymak)
Turkish: (dialectal) yoymak

Turkmen: ýoýmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: یُوذْماقْ (yūḏmʾq /yōḏmaq/)
Chagatai: یویماق (yoymaq)

Kipchak: [script needed] (yoy-)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: [script needed] (yuy-)

Tatar: [script needed] (ǯuj-)

West Kipchak:

Karaim: [script needed] (ǯoj-)

Kumyk: [script needed] (yoy-)

South Kipchak:

Kipchak-Nogai:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (joy-)

Kazakh: жою (joü)

Nogai: [script needed] (yoy-)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Kirghiz:

Shor: [script needed] (ços-)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yoy-)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: һот (“to wipe out”)

Yakut: сот (sot, “to wipe out”)

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: [script needed] (çod-/çot-)

⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *yōdsa-

desc

Karakhanid: يُذْساماقْ (yuḏsʾmʾq /yoḏsamaq/)

⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *yōdug

Kenchek: يُذُغْ (yuḏuğ /yoḏuğ/)

⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *yōdut

Karakhanid: يُذُتْ (yuḏut /yoḏut/)

⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *yōz (if not from <*yō-ŕ)

Turkmen: ýoz

Old Anatolian Turkish: یوز (yoz)

Ottoman Turkish: یوز (yoz)

Turkish: yoz

⇒ Karakhanid: یُزاماقْ (yuzʾmʾq /yozamaq/)


ȫg-

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

desctree

Old Anatolian Turkish: اوكمك (ögmek)
Azerbaijani: öymək
⇒ Gagauz: üünmää
Ottoman Turkish: اوكمك (öğmek)
Turkish: övmek

Turkmen: öwmek

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Cuman:

Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (ög-)

Kipchak: ov (Codex Cumanicus)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اُوكْماكْ (ʾūkmʾk /ȫgmek/)

Khorezmian Turkic: اوکماک

Chagatai: اوکماک (ögmek)

Siberian Turkic:

Old Turkic: 𐰇𐰏 (üg /ög/)

North Siberian Turkic:

Yakut: үөр (üör)

Sayan:

desc

Tuvan: өөрүүр (öörüür)

Tuvan: өөрүүр (öörüür)

Nişanyan speculates that this term may have been derived from *ȫ- (“to think”).


yaru-

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: یاریمق (yarımaq), یَرِمق (yarımaq)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: یَرُوماقْ (yarūmʾq /yarumaq/)

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (yaru-)

desctree

Chagatai: یاروماق (yarumaq)
Uzbek: yorimoq

Kipchak:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жаруу (jaruu)

Southern Altai: јарыыр (ǰarïïr)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: 𐽶𐽰𐽾𐽳𐽹𐽰𐽲 (yʾrwmʾq /yaru-/)

Clauson connects with *yā- and Proto-Common Turkic *yašu-, whence Turkish ışımak.

(intransitive) to shine, to become bright


kǖl-

kǖlmek (infinitive)
kǖlgen (participle present)
kǖlügme (participle present)
kǖlür (participle present)
kǖltük (participle past)
kǖlmiš (participle past)
kǖlteči (future participle)
kǖlmekči (future participle)
kǖlsik (future participle)
kǖleček (future participle)
kǖlme (noun-from-verb)
kǖlüg (noun-from-verb)
kǖlgü (noun-from-verb)
kǖlüš (adverbial)
kǖlür ben (aorist indicative singular)
kǖlür sen (aorist indicative singular)
kǖlür (aorist indicative singular)
kǖlür biz (aorist indicative plural)
kǖlür siz (aorist indicative plural)
kǖlür (aorist indicative plural)
kǖltüm (indicative past singular)
kǖltüŋ (indicative past singular)
kǖlti (indicative past singular)
kǖltük (indicative past plural)
kǖltümüz (indicative past plural)
kǖltüŋüz (indicative past plural)
kǖlti (indicative past plural)
kǖlmiš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
kǖlmiš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
kǖlmiš (indicative inferential past singular)
kǖlmiš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
kǖlmiš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
kǖlmiš (indicative inferential past plural)
kǖlteči ben (future indicative singular)
kǖlmekči ben (future indicative singular)
kǖleček ben (future indicative singular)
kǖlteči sen (future indicative singular)
kǖlmekči sen (future indicative singular)
kǖleček sen (future indicative singular)
kǖlteči (future indicative singular)
kǖlmekči (future indicative singular)
kǖleček (future indicative singular)
kǖlteči biz (future indicative plural)
kǖlmekči biz (future indicative plural)
kǖleček biz (future indicative plural)
kǖlteči siz (future indicative plural)
kǖlmekči siz (future indicative plural)
kǖleček siz (future indicative plural)
kǖlteči (future indicative plural)
kǖlmekči (future indicative plural)
kǖleček (future indicative plural)
kǖlgey ben (future indicative singular)
kǖlgey sen (future indicative singular)
kǖlgey (future indicative singular)
kǖlgey biz (future indicative plural)
kǖlgey siz (future indicative plural)
kǖlgey (future indicative plural)
kǖlsüküm (future indicative singular)
kǖlsüküŋ (future indicative singular)
kǖlsük (future indicative singular)
kǖlsükümüz (future indicative plural)
kǖlsüküŋüz (future indicative plural)
kǖlsük (future indicative plural)
kǖlsem (conditional singular)
kǖlser ben (conditional singular)
kǖlseŋ (conditional singular)
kǖlser sen (conditional singular)
kǖlse (conditional singular)
kǖlser (conditional singular)
kǖlsek (conditional plural)
kǖlsemiz (conditional plural)
kǖlser biz (conditional plural)
kǖlseŋiz (conditional plural)
kǖlser siz (conditional plural)
kǖlseler (conditional plural)
kǖlser (conditional plural)
kǖlgey ben (optative singular)
kǖlgey sen (optative singular)
kǖlgey (optative singular)
kǖlgey biz (optative plural)
kǖlgey siz (optative plural)
kǖlgey (optative plural)
kǖlmekde ben (progressive singular)
kǖlmekde sen (progressive singular)
kǖlmekde (progressive singular)
kǖlmekde biz (plural progressive)
kǖlmekde siz (plural progressive)
kǖlmekde (plural progressive)
kǖlmelig ben (necessitative singular)
kǖlmelig sen (necessitative singular)
kǖlmelig (necessitative singular)
kǖlmelig biz (necessitative plural)
kǖlmelig siz (necessitative plural)
kǖlmelig (necessitative plural)
kǖleyin (imperative singular)
kǖl (imperative singular)
kǖlgil (imperative singular)
kǖlzün (imperative singular)
kǖlelim (imperative plural)
kǖlüŋ (imperative plural)
kǖlzün (imperative plural)
kǖlmemek (infinitive negative)
kǖlmegen (negative participle present)
kǖlmegme (negative participle present)
kǖlmez (negative participle present)
kǖlmedük (negative participle past)
kǖlmemiš (negative participle past)
kǖlmeči (future negative participle)
kǖlmesik (future negative participle)
kǖlmeyeček (future negative participle)
kǖlmeme (negative noun-from-verb)
kǖlmeg (negative noun-from-verb)
kǖlmegü (negative noun-from-verb)
kǖlmeyüš (adverbial negative)
kǖlmez ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
kǖlmez sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
kǖlmez (aorist indicative negative singular)
kǖlmez biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
kǖlmez siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
kǖlmez (aorist indicative negative plural)
kǖlmedüm (indicative negative past singular)
kǖlmedüŋ (indicative negative past singular)
kǖlmedi (indicative negative past singular)
kǖlmedük (indicative negative past plural)
kǖlmedümüz (indicative negative past plural)
kǖlmedüŋüz (indicative negative past plural)
kǖlmedi (indicative negative past plural)
kǖlmemiš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
kǖlmemiš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
kǖlmemiš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
kǖlmemiš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
kǖlmemiš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
kǖlmemiš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
kǖlmeči ben (future indicative negative singular)
kǖlmeyeček ben (future indicative negative singular)
kǖlmeči sen (future indicative negative singular)
kǖlmeyeček sen (future indicative negative singular)
kǖlmeči (future indicative negative singular)
kǖlmeyeček (future indicative negative singular)
kǖlmeči biz (future indicative negative plural)
kǖlmeyeček biz (future indicative negative plural)
kǖlmeči siz (future indicative negative plural)
kǖlmeyeček siz (future indicative negative plural)
kǖlmeči (future indicative negative plural)
kǖlmeyeček (future indicative negative plural)
kǖlmegey ben (future indicative negative singular)
kǖlmegey sen (future indicative negative singular)
kǖlmegey (future indicative negative singular)
kǖlmegey biz (future indicative negative plural)
kǖlmegey siz (future indicative negative plural)
kǖlmegey (future indicative negative plural)
kǖlmesüküm (future indicative negative singular)
kǖlmesüküŋ (future indicative negative singular)
kǖlmesük (future indicative negative singular)
kǖlmesükümüz (future indicative negative plural)
kǖlmesüküŋüz (future indicative negative plural)
kǖlmesük (future indicative negative plural)
kǖlmesem (conditional negative singular)
kǖlmeser ben (conditional negative singular)
kǖlmeseŋ (conditional negative singular)
kǖlmeser sen (conditional negative singular)
kǖlmese (conditional negative singular)
kǖlmeser (conditional negative singular)
kǖlmesek (conditional negative plural)
kǖlmesemiz (conditional negative plural)
kǖlmeser biz (conditional negative plural)
kǖlmeseŋiz (conditional negative plural)
kǖlmeser siz (conditional negative plural)
kǖlmeseler (conditional negative plural)
kǖlmeser (conditional negative plural)
kǖlmegey ben (negative optative singular)
kǖlmegey sen (negative optative singular)
kǖlmegey (negative optative singular)
kǖlmegey biz (negative optative plural)
kǖlmegey siz (negative optative plural)
kǖlmegey (negative optative plural)
kǖlmemekde ben (negative progressive singular)
kǖlmemekde sen (negative progressive singular)
kǖlmemekde (negative progressive singular)
kǖlmemekde biz (negative plural progressive)
kǖlmemekde siz (negative plural progressive)
kǖlmemekde (negative plural progressive)
kǖlmemelig ben (necessitative negative singular)
kǖlmemelig sen (necessitative negative singular)
kǖlmemelig (necessitative negative singular)
kǖlmemelig biz (necessitative negative plural)
kǖlmemelig siz (necessitative negative plural)
kǖlmemelig (necessitative negative plural)
kǖlmeyeyin (imperative negative singular)
kǖlme (imperative negative singular)
kǖlmegil (imperative negative singular)
kǖlmezün (imperative negative singular)
kǖlmeyelim (imperative negative plural)
kǖlmeyiŋ (imperative negative plural)
kǖlmezün (imperative negative plural)

Proto-Common Turkic: *kǖl-

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish: كولمك

desc

Turkish: (dialectal) külmek, (dialectal) külümek, (dialectal) gülümek

Salar: gülingüsi

Turkmen: güýlmek, güýlünmek

Karluk:

كُلْتُرْماكْ

Karakhanid: كُلُنْماكْ (külünmēk), كُلْتُرْماكْ (kültürmēk)

Siberian:

Western Yugur: [script needed] (k'ul-)

Sayan

Tofa: [script needed] (kül-)

Tuvan: [script needed] (xülü-)