tam-

tammak (infinitive)
tamgan (participle present)
tamïgma (participle present)
tamur (participle present)
tamduk (participle past)
tammïš (participle past)
tamdačï (future participle)
tammakčï (future participle)
tamsïk (future participle)
tamačak (future participle)
tamma (noun-from-verb)
tamïg (noun-from-verb)
tamgu (noun-from-verb)
tamïš (adverbial)
tamur ben (aorist indicative singular)
tamur sen (aorist indicative singular)
tamur (aorist indicative singular)
tamur biz (aorist indicative plural)
tamur siz (aorist indicative plural)
tamur (aorist indicative plural)
tamdïm (indicative past singular)
tamdïŋ (indicative past singular)
tamdï (indicative past singular)
tamdïk (indicative past plural)
tamdïmïz (indicative past plural)
tamdïŋïz (indicative past plural)
tamdï (indicative past plural)
tammïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
tammïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
tammïš (indicative inferential past singular)
tammïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
tammïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
tammïš (indicative inferential past plural)
tamdačï ben (future indicative singular)
tammakčï ben (future indicative singular)
tamačak ben (future indicative singular)
tamdačï sen (future indicative singular)
tammakčï sen (future indicative singular)
tamačak sen (future indicative singular)
tamdačï (future indicative singular)
tammakčï (future indicative singular)
tamačak (future indicative singular)
tamdačï biz (future indicative plural)
tammakčï biz (future indicative plural)
tamačak biz (future indicative plural)
tamdačï siz (future indicative plural)
tammakčï siz (future indicative plural)
tamačak siz (future indicative plural)
tamdačï (future indicative plural)
tammakčï (future indicative plural)
tamačak (future indicative plural)
tamgay ben (future indicative singular)
tamgay sen (future indicative singular)
tamgay (future indicative singular)
tamgay biz (future indicative plural)
tamgay siz (future indicative plural)
tamgay (future indicative plural)
tamsïkïm (future indicative singular)
tamsïkïŋ (future indicative singular)
tamsïk (future indicative singular)
tamsïkïmïz (future indicative plural)
tamsïkïŋïz (future indicative plural)
tamsïk (future indicative plural)
tamsam (conditional singular)
tamsar ben (conditional singular)
tamsaŋ (conditional singular)
tamsar sen (conditional singular)
tamsa (conditional singular)
tamsar (conditional singular)
tamsak (conditional plural)
tamsamïz (conditional plural)
tamsar biz (conditional plural)
tamsaŋïz (conditional plural)
tamsar siz (conditional plural)
tamsalar (conditional plural)
tamsar (conditional plural)
tamgay ben (optative singular)
tamgay sen (optative singular)
tamgay (optative singular)
tamgay biz (optative plural)
tamgay siz (optative plural)
tamgay (optative plural)
tammakda ben (progressive singular)
tammakda sen (progressive singular)
tammakda (progressive singular)
tammakda biz (plural progressive)
tammakda siz (plural progressive)
tammakda (plural progressive)
tammalïg ben (necessitative singular)
tammalïg sen (necessitative singular)
tammalïg (necessitative singular)
tammalïg biz (necessitative plural)
tammalïg siz (necessitative plural)
tammalïg (necessitative plural)
tamayïn (imperative singular)
tam (imperative singular)
tamgïl (imperative singular)
tamzun (imperative singular)
tamalïm (imperative plural)
tamïŋ (imperative plural)
tamzun (imperative plural)
tammamak (infinitive negative)
tammagan (negative participle present)
tammagma (negative participle present)
tammaz (negative participle present)
tammaduk (negative participle past)
tammamïš (negative participle past)
tammačï (future negative participle)
tammasïk (future negative participle)
tammayačak (future negative participle)
tammama (negative noun-from-verb)
tammag (negative noun-from-verb)
tammagu (negative noun-from-verb)
tammayïš (adverbial negative)
tammaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
tammaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
tammaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
tammaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
tammaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
tammaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
tammadïm (indicative negative past singular)
tammadïŋ (indicative negative past singular)
tammadï (indicative negative past singular)
tammadïk (indicative negative past plural)
tammadïmïz (indicative negative past plural)
tammadïŋïz (indicative negative past plural)
tammadï (indicative negative past plural)
tammamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
tammamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
tammamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
tammamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
tammamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
tammamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
tammačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
tammayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
tammačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
tammayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
tammačï (future indicative negative singular)
tammayačak (future indicative negative singular)
tammačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
tammayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
tammačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
tammayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
tammačï (future indicative negative plural)
tammayačak (future indicative negative plural)
tammagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
tammagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
tammagay (future indicative negative singular)
tammagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
tammagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
tammagay (future indicative negative plural)
tammasïkïm (future indicative negative singular)
tammasïkïŋ (future indicative negative singular)
tammasïk (future indicative negative singular)
tammasïkïmïz (future indicative negative plural)
tammasïkïŋïz (future indicative negative plural)
tammasïk (future indicative negative plural)
tammasam (conditional negative singular)
tammasar ben (conditional negative singular)
tammasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
tammasar sen (conditional negative singular)
tammasa (conditional negative singular)
tammasar (conditional negative singular)
tammasak (conditional negative plural)
tammasamïz (conditional negative plural)
tammasar biz (conditional negative plural)
tammasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
tammasar siz (conditional negative plural)
tammasalar (conditional negative plural)
tammasar (conditional negative plural)
tammagay ben (negative optative singular)
tammagay sen (negative optative singular)
tammagay (negative optative singular)
tammagay biz (negative optative plural)
tammagay siz (negative optative plural)
tammagay (negative optative plural)
tammamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
tammamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
tammamakda (negative progressive singular)
tammamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
tammamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
tammamakda (negative plural progressive)
tammamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
tammamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
tammamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
tammamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
tammamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
tammamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
tammayayïn (imperative negative singular)
tamma (imperative negative singular)
tammagïl (imperative negative singular)
tammazun (imperative negative singular)
tammayalïm (imperative negative plural)
tammayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
tammazun (imperative negative plural)

Karluk

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تَمْتُرْماقْ ,تَمْدُرْماقْ

Karakhanid: تَمْتُرْماقْ (tamdur-, tamtur-)/تَمْدُرْماقْ (tamdur-, tamtur-)

Uyghur: [script needed] (tamet-)

Kipchak

Caspian

Kazakh: тамызу (tamyzu)

Nogai: тамызув (tamızuv)

Karakalpak: тамызыў

South Kipchak

Kyrgyz: там- (tam-), тамызуу (tamızuu)

North Kipchak (also: to drip)

Bashkir: тамыҙыу (tamıźıw)

Tatar: тамызу (tamızu)

Siberian

Old Turkic: [script needed] (tamdur), [script needed] (tam-)

Yakut: тымыт (tımıt), тымтык (tımtık)

(transitive) to burn, to kindle, to ignite


üt-

Oghur:

Chuvash: вӗт (vĕt)

Proto-Common Turkic: *üt-

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: ütmək

Ottoman Turkish: اوتمك (ütmek)

Turkish: ütmek

Turkmen: ütmek

Uzbek: үтмәк (Khorazm)

Karluk

Karakhanid: اُتْماكْ (ütmek)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: өтөү (ötöw)

Tatar: өтү (ötü)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: үйіту (üiıtu)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: уьтмек (ütmek)

Siberian Turkic:

Yakut: үт (üt)


kïr-

→? Proto-Mongolic: *kira-

→? Proto-Tungusic: *kire-

→? Proto-Japonic: *kir-

Japanese: 切る

→? Proto-Samoyedic: *kïrå- (see there for further descendants)

Oghur:

Chuvash: хир (hir)

Proto-Common Turkic: *kïr-

Arghu:

Khalaj: qırmaq

⇒ Khalaj: kïrruq- (“to be apathetic, sullen, depressed”)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qırmaq

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Ottoman Turkish: قیرمق (kırmak), قرمق (kırmak)
Gagauz: kırmaa
Turkish: kırmak
→ Armenian: խըռմիշ (xəṙmiš), կըռմիշ (kəṙmiš)

Turkmen: gyrmak

Salar: qır

Karluk:

Karakhanid: قِرْماقْ (qïrmaq)

Chagatai: قیرمق

Uzbek: qirmoq

Uyghur: قىرماق (qirmaq)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡырыу (qırıw)

Tatar: кыру (qıru)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: qırmaq

Kumyk: къырмакъ (qırmaq)

Karachay-Balkar: къырыргъа (qırırğa)

Karaim: [script needed] (qır-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: қырыў

Kazakh: қыру (qyru)

Nogai: кырув (kıruv)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кыруу (kıruu)

Southern Altai: кырар (kïrar)

Teleut кыр- (kïr-)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

⇒ Dolgan: кырый (“to shear, cut out”), ⇒? кыра (“small”)

Yakut:

⇒ кырый (kırıy, “to shear, cut out”)

кырыы (kırıı, “side, border, edge”)

⇒? кыра (kıra, “small”)

⇒? кыырпах (kıırpaq, “crumb, fragment”)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: кырар (kırar)

⇒ Tofa: [script needed] (ӄыъртыҷа-)

Yenisei:

Khakas: хырарға (xırarğa)

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⇒ Western Yugur: [script needed] (qʰïrq-, “to shave”)

Shor: [script needed] (qır-)

Exists in almost every Turkic language. Sometimes compared to Proto-Mongolic *kira- (“to mince, cut small”), Proto-Tungusic *kire- (“to mince; to be broken off, break off; to gnaw”), also Proto-Japonic *kiru (“to cut”).


sal-

Chuvash: сул (sul), сулӑм (sulăm, “heaviness”)

Proto-Common Turkic: *sal-

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish: صالمق

Turkish: salmak

Azerbaijani: salmaq

Turkmen: salmak (“to put; tax”)

Salar: sal

Karluk:

Uzbek: solmoq

Uyghur: سالماق (salmaq)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: салу (salu)

Bashkir: һалыу (halıw)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: салыргъа (salırğa)

Crimean Tatar: salmaq

Kumyk: салмакъ (salmaq)

North Kipchak:

Karakalpak: салыў

Kazakh: салу (salu)

Nogai: салув (saluv)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: салуу (saluu)

Southern Altai: салар (salar)

Siberian:

South Siberian

Western Yugur: sal

Sayan

Tuvan: салыр (salır)

Tofa: салыр

Yenisei:

Shor: сал

Khakas: саларға (salarğa)

Northern Altai: саларга (salarga)


tōl-

Oghur:

Middle Chuvash: *tål

Viryal Chuvash: тол (tol)

Anatri Chuvash: тул (tul)

Proto-Common Turkic: *tōl-

Arghu:

Khalaj: tôlmaq, tôla

Oghuz:

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: طُولْمَقْ (dolmaq)

Azerbaijani: dolmaq, dolu

Gagauz: dolmaa, dolu

Ottoman Turkish: طولمق (dolmak), طولى (dolı, dolu)

Turkish: dolmak, dolu

Turkmen: dōlmak, dōly

Salar: dolı

Karluk:

Karakhanid: تُلوُ (tolu)

Uzbek: to'lmoq, toʻla

Uyghur: [script needed] (tolmak), تولۇق (toluq)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: тулыу (tulıw), тулы (tulı)

Tatar: тулу (tulu), тулы (tulı)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: толу (tolu)

Karachay-Balkar: толургъа (tolurğa), толу (tolu)

Crimean Tatar: tolmaq, tolu

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: толуу (toluu), толо (tolo)

Southern Altai: толор (tolor), толо (tolo)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: толы

Kazakh: толу (tolu), толы (toly)

Nogai: толы (tolı)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tolu)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: туол, толору

Yakut: туол (tuol) → толор (tolor) → толору (toloru)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: долу (dolu)

Tofa: толу

Yenisei:

Khakas: тол (tol)

⇒ Shor: толдура

⇒ Shor: толдура

Western Yugur: tʰol


kīr-

Oghur:

Chuvash: кӗр (kĕr)

Proto-Common Turkic: *kīr

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: كِیرْمَكْ (girmäk)

Azerbaijani: girmək

Gagauz: girmää

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: گیرمك (girmek)
Turkish: girmek

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⇒ Ottoman Turkish: گیورمك (“givirmek, güvürmek”)

Turkmen: gīrmek

Salar: gir

Karluk:

Karakhanid: کِرْماكْ (kirmek)

Chagatai: كرماك (kirmek)

Uzbek: kirmoq

Uyghur: كىرمەك (kirmek)

Kipchak:

⇒ Kipchak: kriv (“entrance”) (Codex Cumanicus)

⇒ Khorezmian Turkic: کیکورماک (kigürmäk)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: кереү (kerew)

Tatar: керү (kerü)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: kirmek

Kumyk: гирмек (girmek)

Karachay-Balkar: кирирге (kirirge)

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: кирер (kirer)

Teleut кир

Kyrgyz: кирүү (kirüü)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: кириў

Kazakh: кіру (kıru)

Nogai: кируьв (kirüv)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰚𐰃𐰼 (kir²)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (kir-)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: киир

Yakut: киир (kiir)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: кір

Tuvan: кирер (kirer)

Yenisei:

Shor: кир

Khakas: кир (kir)

Western Yugur: kʰïr-


keŋe-

Oghur:

Chuvash: канаш (kanaš)

Proto-Common Turkic: *keŋe-, *keŋeš-

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: gənəşmək (dialectal)

Turkish: geneşmek, kengeş, kengeç (dialectal)

Turkmen: geňeş

Karluk:

کَینکاشْماكْ

Karakhanid: کَینکاشْماكْ (kenğeşmek)

Uzbek: kengash

Uyghur: كېڭەش (kë'ngesh)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: кәңәш (kəñəş)

Tatar: киңәш (kiñäş)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: keñeş

Kumyk: генгеш (geñeş)

Karachay-Balkar: кенгеш (keñeş)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кеңеш (keŋeş)

Southern Altai: кеҥеш (keŋeš, “to explain (calmly)”)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: кеңес

Kazakh: кеңесу (keñesu), кеңес (keñes)

Nogai: кенъес (keñes)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (kẹñeş-)

→ Persian: کنگاش (kangâš)


okï-

Oghur:

Bulgar:

Volga Bulgar: وخ (wahï-)

Khazar: *ח𐰂𐰵𐰆 (haq¹u-)

⇒ Khazar: ח𐰂𐰵𐰆𐰺𐰇𐰢 (haq¹ur¹üm /(h)oqurüm/) (hapax legomenon)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: hoqımaq

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: اُوقِیمَقْ (oqımaq), اُوخِیمَقْ (oḫımaq)

Azerbaijani: oxumaq

Gagauz: okumaa

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: اوقومق, օգումագ (okumak) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: okumak

Salar: oqa, oqu

Turkmen: okamak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اُقیٖدیٖ (okıdı) (3sg.pst)

Chagatai: اوقومق (oqumaq)

Uzbek: oʻqimoq

Uyghur: ئوقىماق (oqimaq)

Kipchak:

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اوقیماق (oqımaq)

Khorezmian Turkic: اوقوماق (oqumaq), اوقیماق (oqımaq)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: уҡыу (uqıw)

Tatar: уку (uqu)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: oqumaq

Kumyk: охумакъ (oxumaq)

Karachay-Balkar: окъургъа (oqurğa)

Karaim:

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: окуу (okuu)

Southern Altai: окур (okur)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: оқу

Kazakh: оқу (oqu)

Nogai: окув (okuv)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (okï-)

North Siberian:

Yakut: угуй (uguy)

Dolgan:

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan:

Tofa:

Yenisei:

Western Yugur:

Khakas:

Shor:


sim-

Oghur:

Chuvash: сим (sim, “nectar; ale”)

⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *simür-

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: sümürmək

Ottoman Turkish: سومرمك (sümürmek)

Turkish: sömürmek

Turkmen: sümürmek

Salar: sumurğusı (“to suck in”), sumurlağusı

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: сіміру (sımıru)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һемереү (hemerew)

Karluk:

Uzbek: simirmoq

Uyghur: سۈمۈرمەك (sümürmek)

Proto-Turkic *sim- + *-ür in Common Turkic.
Compare Proto-Mongolic *sime (“juice; to soak; to suck”), Proto-Tungusic *šime- (“to soak; to suck”).


kẹl-

Oghur:

Chuvash: кил (kil)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: kəlmək

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: gəlmək

Ottoman Turkish: گلمك

Turkish: gelmek

Gagauz: gelmää

Turkmen: gelmek

Salar: gel

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (kel-)

Uzbek: kelmoq

Uyghur: كەلمەك (kelmek)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: килеү (kilew)

Tatar: килергә (kilergä)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: kelmek

Kumyk: гелмек (gelmek)

Karachay-Balkar: келерге (kelerge)

Karaim: [script needed] (kel-)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: келүү (kelüü)

Southern Altai: кел (kel)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (kel-)

Kazakh: келу (kelu)

Nogai: келуьв (kelüv)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰚𐰠 (kel-)

desctree

Old Uyghur: 𐽷𐽰𐾁𐽹𐽰𐽷 (kelmek)
Western Yugur: gel- (kel), gol- (kol), kil- (kʰil)

North Siberian

Dolgan: кэл

Yakut: кэл (kel)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: [script needed] (kel-)

Tuvan: келир (kelir)

Yenisei:

Shor: [script needed] (kel-)

Khakas: килерге (kilerge)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (kel-)


kẹle-

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Turkish: geleşik

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: кәләш (kələş)

Tatar: kileš-, käläš

Kipchak-Cuman:

Kumyk: гелеш- (geleş-)

Karachay-Balkar: келечи (keleçi)

Siberian

Khakas: kǝle-, kǝlen-

Possibly related to Proto-Mongolic *kelen (“language, tongue”), Proto-Tungusic *xilŋü (“tongue”). (cf. Mongolian хэл (xel)).


yagu-

Oghur:

⇒ Chuvash: ҫывӑх (śyvăh)

⇒ Chuvash: ҫывӑхар (śyvăh̬ar)

Arghu:

⇒ Khalaj: yoğuq

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yavımaq (dialectal)

⇒ Azerbaijani: yavıq, yavuq (archaic)

desc

⇒ Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (yavuk), [script needed] (yavuklu)

⇒ Turkish: yavuklu, yavuklamak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yaɣu-)

Kipchak:

Southern Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: жуу (juu)

Nogai: ювув (yuvuv)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жуу (juu)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (yaɣu-)

⇒ Dolgan: һугаһаа

⇒ Dolgan: һугаһаа

⇒ Yakut: чугас (cugas)

(intransitive) to draw near, to approach, to near


ič-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ӗҫ (ĕś)

Proto-Common Turkic: *ič-:

Arghu:

Khalaj: içmək

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: içmək

Ottoman Turkish: ایچمك

Turkish: içmek

Gagauz: içmää

Turkmen: içmek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اِجْماكْ (ičmēk)

Khorezmian Turkic: اجماك (ičmäk)

Chagatai: ایچماک (ičmäk)

Uzbek: ichmoq

Uyghur: ئىچمەك (ichmek)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: эсеү (esew)

Tatar: эчү (eçü)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: içmek

Karachay-Balkar: ичерге (içerge)

Karaim: ičmia

Kumyk: ичмек (içmek)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: ичүү (icüü)

Southern Altai: ич (ič)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (ish-)

Kazakh: ішу (ışu)

Siberian:

Orkhon Turkic: 𐰃𐰲 (ič), 𐰱 (ič)

desctree

Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽶𐽽𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ʾycmʾk /ičmek/)
Western Yugur: əʂ- (ïʂ-)

North Siberian

Dolgan: ис

Yakut: ис (is)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: ижер (ijer)

Yenisei:

Khakas: iзерге (izerge)


yaŕ-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫыр (śyr)

→ Proto-Mordvinic:

Moksha: сёрма (śorma)

Erzya: сёрма (śorma)

→ Hungarian: ír

Proto-Common Turkic: *yaz-

Arghu:

Khalaj: yazmaq

Oghuz:

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: یَازْمَقْ (yazmaq)

Azerbaijani: yazmaq

Gagauz: yazmaa

Ottoman Turkish: یازمق
Turkish: yazmak

Turkmen: ýazmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: یازماق

Chagatai: یازماق

Uzbek: yozmoq

Uyghur: يازماق (yazmaq)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak

Tatar: язу (yazu)

Bashkir: яҙыу (yaźıw)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: джазыу (cazıu)

Crimean Tatar: yazmaq

Kumyk: язмакъ (yazmaq)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: жазу (jazu)

Karakalpak: жазыў

Nogai: язув (yazuv)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жазуу (jazuu)

Southern Altai: јас- (ǰas-, “to hit chain, to heal”)


yalga-

trk-cmn-conj-head

yālgadačï, yālgamakčï, yālgasïk, yālgayačak

yālgadačï ben, yālgamakčï ben, yālgayačak ben

yālgadačï sen, yālgamakčï sen, yālgayačak sen

yālgadačï biz, yālgamakčï biz, yālgayačak biz

yālgadačï siz, yālgamakčï siz, yālgayačak siz

yālgamasak, yālgamasamïz, yālgamasar biz

yālgamak (infinitive)
yālgagan (participle present)
yālgagma (participle present)
yālgar (participle present)
yālgaduk (participle past)
yālgamïš (participle past)
yālgadačï (future participle)
yālgamakčï (future participle)
yālgasïk (future participle)
yālgayačak (future participle)
yālgama (noun-from-verb)
yālgag (noun-from-verb)
yālgagu (noun-from-verb)
yālgaš (adverbial)
yālgar ben (aorist indicative singular)
yālgar sen (aorist indicative singular)
yālgar (aorist indicative singular)
yālgar biz (aorist indicative plural)
yālgar siz (aorist indicative plural)
yālgar (aorist indicative plural)
yālgadïm (indicative past singular)
yālgadïŋ (indicative past singular)
yālgadï (indicative past singular)
yālgadïk (indicative past plural)
yālgadïmïz (indicative past plural)
yālgadïŋïz (indicative past plural)
yālgadï (indicative past plural)
yālgamïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
yālgamïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
yālgamïš (indicative inferential past singular)
yālgamïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
yālgamïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
yālgamïš (indicative inferential past plural)
yālgadačï ben (future indicative singular)
yālgamakčï ben (future indicative singular)
yālgayačak ben (future indicative singular)
yālgadačï sen (future indicative singular)
yālgamakčï sen (future indicative singular)
yālgayačak sen (future indicative singular)
yālgadačï (future indicative singular)
yālgamakčï (future indicative singular)
yālgayačak (future indicative singular)
yālgadačï biz (future indicative plural)
yālgamakčï biz (future indicative plural)
yālgayačak biz (future indicative plural)
yālgadačï siz (future indicative plural)
yālgamakčï siz (future indicative plural)
yālgayačak siz (future indicative plural)
yālgadačï (future indicative plural)
yālgamakčï (future indicative plural)
yālgayačak (future indicative plural)
yālgagay ben (future indicative singular)
yālgagay sen (future indicative singular)
yālgagay (future indicative singular)
yālgagay biz (future indicative plural)
yālgagay siz (future indicative plural)
yālgagay (future indicative plural)
yālgasïkïm (future indicative singular)
yālgasïkïŋ (future indicative singular)
yālgasïk (future indicative singular)
yālgasïkïmïz (future indicative plural)
yālgasïkïŋïz (future indicative plural)
yālgasïk (future indicative plural)
yālgasam (conditional singular)
yālgasar ben (conditional singular)
yālgasaŋ (conditional singular)
yālgasar sen (conditional singular)
yālgasa (conditional singular)
yālgasar (conditional singular)
yālgasak (conditional plural)
yālgasamïz (conditional plural)
yālgasar biz (conditional plural)
yālgasaŋïz (conditional plural)
yālgasar siz (conditional plural)
yālgasalar (conditional plural)
yālgasar (conditional plural)
yālgagay ben (optative singular)
yālgagay sen (optative singular)
yālgagay (optative singular)
yālgagay biz (optative plural)
yālgagay siz (optative plural)
yālgagay (optative plural)
yālgamakda ben (progressive singular)
yālgamakda sen (progressive singular)
yālgamakda (progressive singular)
yālgamakda biz (plural progressive)
yālgamakda siz (plural progressive)
yālgamakda (plural progressive)
yālgamalïg ben (necessitative singular)
yālgamalïg sen (necessitative singular)
yālgamalïg (necessitative singular)
yālgamalïg biz (necessitative plural)
yālgamalïg siz (necessitative plural)
yālgamalïg (necessitative plural)
yālgayayïn (imperative singular)
yālga (imperative singular)
yālgagïl (imperative singular)
yālgazun (imperative singular)
yālgayalïm (imperative plural)
yālgayïŋ (imperative plural)
yālgazun (imperative plural)
yālgamamak (infinitive negative)
yālgamagan (negative participle present)
yālgamagma (negative participle present)
yālgamaz (negative participle present)
yālgamaduk (negative participle past)
yālgamamïš (negative participle past)
yālgamačï (future negative participle)
yālgamasïk (future negative participle)
yālgamayačak (future negative participle)
yālgamama (negative noun-from-verb)
yālgamag (negative noun-from-verb)
yālgamagu (negative noun-from-verb)
yālgamaš (adverbial negative)
yālgamaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
yālgamaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
yālgamaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
yālgamaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
yālgamaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
yālgamaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
yālgamadïm (indicative negative past singular)
yālgamadïŋ (indicative negative past singular)
yālgamadï (indicative negative past singular)
yālgamadïk (indicative negative past plural)
yālgamadïmïz (indicative negative past plural)
yālgamadïŋïz (indicative negative past plural)
yālgamadï (indicative negative past plural)
yālgamamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
yālgamamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
yālgamamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
yālgamamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
yālgamamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
yālgamamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
yālgamačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
yālgamayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
yālgamačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
yālgamayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
yālgamačï (future indicative negative singular)
yālgamayačak (future indicative negative singular)
yālgamačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
yālgamayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
yālgamačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
yālgamayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
yālgamačï (future indicative negative plural)
yālgamayačak (future indicative negative plural)
yālgamagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
yālgamagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
yālgamagay (future indicative negative singular)
yālgamagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
yālgamagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
yālgamagay (future indicative negative plural)
yālgamasïkïm (future indicative negative singular)
yālgamasïkïŋ (future indicative negative singular)
yālgamasïk (future indicative negative singular)
yālgamasïkïmïz (future indicative negative plural)
yālgamasïkïŋïz (future indicative negative plural)
yālgamasïk (future indicative negative plural)
yālgamasam (conditional negative singular)
yālgamasar ben (conditional negative singular)
yālgamasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
yālgamasar sen (conditional negative singular)
yālgamasa (conditional negative singular)
yālgamasar (conditional negative singular)
yālgamasak (conditional negative plural)
yālgamasamïz (conditional negative plural)
yālgamasar biz (conditional negative plural)
yālgamasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
yālgamasar siz (conditional negative plural)
yālgamasalar (conditional negative plural)
yālgamasar (conditional negative plural)
yālgamagay ben (negative optative singular)
yālgamagay sen (negative optative singular)
yālgamagay (negative optative singular)
yālgamagay biz (negative optative plural)
yālgamagay siz (negative optative plural)
yālgamagay (negative optative plural)
yālgamamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
yālgamamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
yālgamamakda (negative progressive singular)
yālgamamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
yālgamamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
yālgamamakda (negative plural progressive)
yālgamamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
yālgamamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
yālgamamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
yālgamamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
yālgamamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
yālgamamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
yālgamayayïn (imperative negative singular)
yālgama (imperative negative singular)
yālgamagïl (imperative negative singular)
yālgamazun (imperative negative singular)
yālgamayalïm (imperative negative plural)
yālgamayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
yālgamazun (imperative negative plural)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫула (śula)

→ Proto-Mongolic: *dolïxa- (“to lick”)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: yalğamaq

Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: yalamaq

Ottoman Turkish: یالامق (yalamak)

Turkish: yalamak

Turkmen: ýalamak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yalɣāmāk)

Uzbek: yalamoq

Uyghur: يالىماق (yalimaq)

Kipchak:

Western Kipchak

Crimean Tatar: calamaq, yalamaq

Kumyk: яламакъ (yalamaq)

Northern Kipchak

Bashkir: ялау (yalaw)

Tatar: yalaw

Kipchak-Nogai

Kazakh: жалау (jalau)

Eastern Kipchak

Kyrgyz: жалоо (jaloo)

Southern Altai: јалаар (ǰalaar)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰞𐰍𐰀 (yalɣa-)

Old Uyghur: yʾlxʾ (yalɣa-)

Western Yugur: jalɣa-

North Siberian:

Dolgan: [script needed] (һалаа)

Yakut: салаа (salaa)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

desc

Tofa: чылғаар

Tofa: чылғаар

Tuvan: чылгаар (çılgaar)

Yeniseian Turkic:

Khakas: чалғирға (çalğirğa)

→ Proto-Mongolic: *jalgï- (“to swallow”)

It has been suggested that it may be derived from *yalïg (itself possibly derived from an unattested *yal- (“to lick”)) if its earliest meaning was "tongue", compare Karakhanid [script needed] (yalığ, “a cock's comb; mane”).


köč-

trk-cmn-conj-head

köčmesüküŋüz

köčmek (infinitive)
köčgen (participle present)
köčügme (participle present)
köčer (participle present)
köčdük (participle past)
köčmiš (participle past)
köčdeči (future participle)
köčmekči (future participle)
köčsik (future participle)
köčeček (future participle)
köčme (noun-from-verb)
köčüg (noun-from-verb)
köčgü (noun-from-verb)
köčüš (adverbial)
köčer ben (aorist indicative singular)
köčer sen (aorist indicative singular)
köčer (aorist indicative singular)
köčer biz (aorist indicative plural)
köčer siz (aorist indicative plural)
köčer (aorist indicative plural)
köčdüm (indicative past singular)
köčdüŋ (indicative past singular)
köčdi (indicative past singular)
köčdük (indicative past plural)
köčdümüz (indicative past plural)
köčdüŋüz (indicative past plural)
köčdi (indicative past plural)
köčmiš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
köčmiš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
köčmiš (indicative inferential past singular)
köčmiš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
köčmiš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
köčmiš (indicative inferential past plural)
köčdeči ben (future indicative singular)
köčmekči ben (future indicative singular)
köčeček ben (future indicative singular)
köčdeči sen (future indicative singular)
köčmekči sen (future indicative singular)
köčeček sen (future indicative singular)
köčdeči (future indicative singular)
köčmekči (future indicative singular)
köčeček (future indicative singular)
köčdeči biz (future indicative plural)
köčmekči biz (future indicative plural)
köčeček biz (future indicative plural)
köčdeči siz (future indicative plural)
köčmekči siz (future indicative plural)
köčeček siz (future indicative plural)
köčdeči (future indicative plural)
köčmekči (future indicative plural)
köčeček (future indicative plural)
köčgey ben (future indicative singular)
köčgey sen (future indicative singular)
köčgey (future indicative singular)
köčgey biz (future indicative plural)
köčgey siz (future indicative plural)
köčgey (future indicative plural)
köčsüküm (future indicative singular)
köčsüküŋ (future indicative singular)
köčsük (future indicative singular)
köčsükümüz (future indicative plural)
köčsüküŋüz (future indicative plural)
köčsük (future indicative plural)
köčsem (conditional singular)
köčser ben (conditional singular)
köčseŋ (conditional singular)
köčser sen (conditional singular)
köčse (conditional singular)
köčser (conditional singular)
köčsek (conditional plural)
köčsemiz (conditional plural)
köčser biz (conditional plural)
köčseŋiz (conditional plural)
köčser siz (conditional plural)
köčseler (conditional plural)
köčser (conditional plural)
köčgey ben (optative singular)
köčgey sen (optative singular)
köčgey (optative singular)
köčgey biz (optative plural)
köčgey siz (optative plural)
köčgey (optative plural)
köčmekde ben (progressive singular)
köčmekde sen (progressive singular)
köčmekde (progressive singular)
köčmekde biz (plural progressive)
köčmekde siz (plural progressive)
köčmekde (plural progressive)
köčmelig ben (necessitative singular)
köčmelig sen (necessitative singular)
köčmelig (necessitative singular)
köčmelig biz (necessitative plural)
köčmelig siz (necessitative plural)
köčmelig (necessitative plural)
köčeyin (imperative singular)
köč (imperative singular)
köčgil (imperative singular)
köčzün (imperative singular)
köčelim (imperative plural)
köčüŋ (imperative plural)
köčzün (imperative plural)
köčmemek (infinitive negative)
köčmegen (negative participle present)
köčmegme (negative participle present)
köčmez (negative participle present)
köčmedük (negative participle past)
köčmemiš (negative participle past)
köčmeči (future negative participle)
köčmesik (future negative participle)
köčmeyeček (future negative participle)
köčmeme (negative noun-from-verb)
köčmeg (negative noun-from-verb)
köčmegü (negative noun-from-verb)
köčmeyüš (adverbial negative)
köčmez ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
köčmez sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
köčmez (aorist indicative negative singular)
köčmez biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
köčmez siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
köčmez (aorist indicative negative plural)
köčmedüm (indicative negative past singular)
köčmedüŋ (indicative negative past singular)
köčmedi (indicative negative past singular)
köčmedük (indicative negative past plural)
köčmedümüz (indicative negative past plural)
köčmedüŋüz (indicative negative past plural)
köčmedi (indicative negative past plural)
köčmemiš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
köčmemiš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
köčmemiš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
köčmemiš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
köčmemiš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
köčmemiš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
köčmeči ben (future indicative negative singular)
köčmeyeček ben (future indicative negative singular)
köčmeči sen (future indicative negative singular)
köčmeyeček sen (future indicative negative singular)
köčmeči (future indicative negative singular)
köčmeyeček (future indicative negative singular)
köčmeči biz (future indicative negative plural)
köčmeyeček biz (future indicative negative plural)
köčmeči siz (future indicative negative plural)
köčmeyeček siz (future indicative negative plural)
köčmeči (future indicative negative plural)
köčmeyeček (future indicative negative plural)
köčmegey ben (future indicative negative singular)
köčmegey sen (future indicative negative singular)
köčmegey (future indicative negative singular)
köčmegey biz (future indicative negative plural)
köčmegey siz (future indicative negative plural)
köčmegey (future indicative negative plural)
köčmesüküm (future indicative negative singular)
köčmesüküŋ (future indicative negative singular)
köčmesük (future indicative negative singular)
köčmesükümüz (future indicative negative plural)
köčmesüküŋüz (future indicative negative plural)
köčmesük (future indicative negative plural)
köčmesem (conditional negative singular)
köčmeser ben (conditional negative singular)
köčmeseŋ (conditional negative singular)
köčmeser sen (conditional negative singular)
köčmese (conditional negative singular)
köčmeser (conditional negative singular)
köčmesek (conditional negative plural)
köčmesemiz (conditional negative plural)
köčmeser biz (conditional negative plural)
köčmeseŋiz (conditional negative plural)
köčmeser siz (conditional negative plural)
köčmeseler (conditional negative plural)
köčmeser (conditional negative plural)
köčmegey ben (negative optative singular)
köčmegey sen (negative optative singular)
köčmegey (negative optative singular)
köčmegey biz (negative optative plural)
köčmegey siz (negative optative plural)
köčmegey (negative optative plural)
köčmemekde ben (negative progressive singular)
köčmemekde sen (negative progressive singular)
köčmemekde (negative progressive singular)
köčmemekde biz (negative plural progressive)
köčmemekde siz (negative plural progressive)
köčmemekde (negative plural progressive)
köčmemelig ben (necessitative negative singular)
köčmemelig sen (necessitative negative singular)
köčmemelig (necessitative negative singular)
köčmemelig biz (necessitative negative plural)
köčmemelig siz (necessitative negative plural)
köčmemelig (necessitative negative plural)
köčmeyeyin (imperative negative singular)
köčme (imperative negative singular)
köčmegil (imperative negative singular)
köčmezün (imperative negative singular)
köčmeyelim (imperative negative plural)
köčmeyiŋ (imperative negative plural)
köčmezün (imperative negative plural)
*köĺč (alternative)

Oghur:

desc

Volga Bulgar: كوج (köç, “to migrate”), كوالج (köwelç-)

Chuvash: куҫ (kuś)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: keçmək

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: köçmək

Ottoman Turkish: كوچمك

Turkish: göçmek

Turkmen: göçmek

Salar:

Karluk:

Karakhanid: كُجْماكْ (köčmēk)

Chagatai:

Uzbek: koʻchmoq

Uyghur: كۆچمەك (köchmek)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: күсеү (küsew)

Tatar: күчәргә (küçärgä)

Tatar: күчәргә (küçärgä)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: köçmek

Kumyk: гёчмек (göçmek)

Karaim: кёч-, кӧч-

Karachay-Balkar: кёчерге (köçerge)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: көчүү (köcüü)

Southern Altai: кӧч- (köč-)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: көшиў

Kazakh: көшу (köşu)

Nogai: коьшуьв (köşüv)

Nogai: коьшуьв (köşüv)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽹𐽰𐽷 (kwycmʾk /köčmek/)

Western Yugur: køʂ-

North Siberian:

Dolgan: көс

Yakut: көс (kös)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: көһер

Tuvan: көжер (köjer)

Yenisei:

Shor: кӧш-

Khakas:

⇒? Proto-Mongolic: *köske (“means of transportation”)

Nişanyan suggests a derivation *köt- (“to raise”) + *-üĺč- comparing Bulgar كوالج (köwelç-), however according to Tekin it should be considered a metathesis *köweçil-, with the passive suffix *-il-.


öl-

Oghur:

Volga Bulgar: وَل (vel)

Chuvash: вил (vil)

Arghu:

Khalaj: hölmək

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: اُولْمَكْ (ölmäk)

Azerbaijani: ölmək

→ Khalaj: ölmək

Gagauz: ölmää

Ottoman Turkish: اولمك (ölmek)

Turkish: ölmek

Salar: ülgüsi

Turkmen: ölmek

Karluk:

Uzbek: oʻlmoq

Uyghur: ئۆلمەك (ölmek)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: үлеү (ülew)

Tatar: үләргә (ülärgä)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: ölmek

Kumyk: оьлмек (ölmek)

Karaim: [script needed] (oĺ-)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: өлүү (ölüü)

Southern Altai: ӧл- (öl-)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (öl-)

Kazakh: өлу (ölu)

Nogai: оьлуьв (ölüv)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰇𐰠 (öl)

North Siberian

Dolgan: өл

Yakut: өл (öl)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: [script needed] (öl-)

Tuvan: өлүр (ölür)

Yenisei:

Shor: öл

Khakas: öлерге (ölerge)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (jül-)

→? Hungarian: öl (“to kill”)


bēgen-

trk-cmn-conj-head

bēgenteči, bēgenmekči, bēgensik, bēgeneček

bēgenteči ben, bēgenmekči ben, bēgeneček ben

bēgenteči sen, bēgenmekči sen, bēgeneček sen

bēgenteči biz, bēgenmekči biz, bēgeneček biz

bēgenteči siz, bēgenmekči siz, bēgeneček siz

bēgenmesek, bēgenmesemiz, bēgenmeser biz

bēgenmek (infinitive)
bēgengen (participle present)
bēgenigme (participle present)
bēgenür (participle present)
bēgentük (participle past)
bēgenmiš (participle past)
bēgenteči (future participle)
bēgenmekči (future participle)
bēgensik (future participle)
bēgeneček (future participle)
bēgenme (noun-from-verb)
bēgenig (noun-from-verb)
bēgengü (noun-from-verb)
bēgeniš (adverbial)
bēgenür ben (aorist indicative singular)
bēgenür sen (aorist indicative singular)
bēgenür (aorist indicative singular)
bēgenür biz (aorist indicative plural)
bēgenür siz (aorist indicative plural)
bēgenür (aorist indicative plural)
bēgentim (indicative past singular)
bēgentiŋ (indicative past singular)
bēgenti (indicative past singular)
bēgentik (indicative past plural)
bēgentimiz (indicative past plural)
bēgentiŋiz (indicative past plural)
bēgenti (indicative past plural)
bēgenmiš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
bēgenmiš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
bēgenmiš (indicative inferential past singular)
bēgenmiš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
bēgenmiš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
bēgenmiš (indicative inferential past plural)
bēgenteči ben (future indicative singular)
bēgenmekči ben (future indicative singular)
bēgeneček ben (future indicative singular)
bēgenteči sen (future indicative singular)
bēgenmekči sen (future indicative singular)
bēgeneček sen (future indicative singular)
bēgenteči (future indicative singular)
bēgenmekči (future indicative singular)
bēgeneček (future indicative singular)
bēgenteči biz (future indicative plural)
bēgenmekči biz (future indicative plural)
bēgeneček biz (future indicative plural)
bēgenteči siz (future indicative plural)
bēgenmekči siz (future indicative plural)
bēgeneček siz (future indicative plural)
bēgenteči (future indicative plural)
bēgenmekči (future indicative plural)
bēgeneček (future indicative plural)
bēgengey ben (future indicative singular)
bēgengey sen (future indicative singular)
bēgengey (future indicative singular)
bēgengey biz (future indicative plural)
bēgengey siz (future indicative plural)
bēgengey (future indicative plural)
bēgensikim (future indicative singular)
bēgensikiŋ (future indicative singular)
bēgensik (future indicative singular)
bēgensikimiz (future indicative plural)
bēgensikiŋiz (future indicative plural)
bēgensik (future indicative plural)
bēgensem (conditional singular)
bēgenser ben (conditional singular)
bēgenseŋ (conditional singular)
bēgenser sen (conditional singular)
bēgense (conditional singular)
bēgenser (conditional singular)
bēgensek (conditional plural)
bēgensemiz (conditional plural)
bēgenser biz (conditional plural)
bēgenseŋiz (conditional plural)
bēgenser siz (conditional plural)
bēgenseler (conditional plural)
bēgenser (conditional plural)
bēgengey ben (optative singular)
bēgengey sen (optative singular)
bēgengey (optative singular)
bēgengey biz (optative plural)
bēgengey siz (optative plural)
bēgengey (optative plural)
bēgenmekde ben (progressive singular)
bēgenmekde sen (progressive singular)
bēgenmekde (progressive singular)
bēgenmekde biz (plural progressive)
bēgenmekde siz (plural progressive)
bēgenmekde (plural progressive)
bēgenmelig ben (necessitative singular)
bēgenmelig sen (necessitative singular)
bēgenmelig (necessitative singular)
bēgenmelig biz (necessitative plural)
bēgenmelig siz (necessitative plural)
bēgenmelig (necessitative plural)
bēgeneyin (imperative singular)
bēgen (imperative singular)
bēgengil (imperative singular)
bēgenzün (imperative singular)
bēgenelim (imperative plural)
bēgeniŋ (imperative plural)
bēgenzün (imperative plural)
bēgenmemek (infinitive negative)
bēgenmegen (negative participle present)
bēgenmegme (negative participle present)
bēgenmez (negative participle present)
bēgenmedük (negative participle past)
bēgenmemiš (negative participle past)
bēgenmeči (future negative participle)
bēgenmesik (future negative participle)
bēgenmeyeček (future negative participle)
bēgenmeme (negative noun-from-verb)
bēgenmeg (negative noun-from-verb)
bēgenmegü (negative noun-from-verb)
bēgenmeyiš (adverbial negative)
bēgenmez ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
bēgenmez sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
bēgenmez (aorist indicative negative singular)
bēgenmez biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
bēgenmez siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
bēgenmez (aorist indicative negative plural)
bēgenmedim (indicative negative past singular)
bēgenmediŋ (indicative negative past singular)
bēgenmedi (indicative negative past singular)
bēgenmedik (indicative negative past plural)
bēgenmedimiz (indicative negative past plural)
bēgenmediŋiz (indicative negative past plural)
bēgenmedi (indicative negative past plural)
bēgenmemiš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
bēgenmemiš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
bēgenmemiš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
bēgenmemiš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
bēgenmemiš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
bēgenmemiš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
bēgenmeči ben (future indicative negative singular)
bēgenmeyeček ben (future indicative negative singular)
bēgenmeči sen (future indicative negative singular)
bēgenmeyeček sen (future indicative negative singular)
bēgenmeči (future indicative negative singular)
bēgenmeyeček (future indicative negative singular)
bēgenmeči biz (future indicative negative plural)
bēgenmeyeček biz (future indicative negative plural)
bēgenmeči siz (future indicative negative plural)
bēgenmeyeček siz (future indicative negative plural)
bēgenmeči (future indicative negative plural)
bēgenmeyeček (future indicative negative plural)
bēgenmegey ben (future indicative negative singular)
bēgenmegey sen (future indicative negative singular)
bēgenmegey (future indicative negative singular)
bēgenmegey biz (future indicative negative plural)
bēgenmegey siz (future indicative negative plural)
bēgenmegey (future indicative negative plural)
bēgenmesikim (future indicative negative singular)
bēgenmesikiŋ (future indicative negative singular)
bēgenmesik (future indicative negative singular)
bēgenmesikimiz (future indicative negative plural)
bēgenmesikiŋiz (future indicative negative plural)
bēgenmesik (future indicative negative plural)
bēgenmesem (conditional negative singular)
bēgenmeser ben (conditional negative singular)
bēgenmeseŋ (conditional negative singular)
bēgenmeser sen (conditional negative singular)
bēgenmese (conditional negative singular)
bēgenmeser (conditional negative singular)
bēgenmesek (conditional negative plural)
bēgenmesemiz (conditional negative plural)
bēgenmeser biz (conditional negative plural)
bēgenmeseŋiz (conditional negative plural)
bēgenmeser siz (conditional negative plural)
bēgenmeseler (conditional negative plural)
bēgenmeser (conditional negative plural)
bēgenmegey ben (negative optative singular)
bēgenmegey sen (negative optative singular)
bēgenmegey (negative optative singular)
bēgenmegey biz (negative optative plural)
bēgenmegey siz (negative optative plural)
bēgenmegey (negative optative plural)
bēgenmemekde ben (negative progressive singular)
bēgenmemekde sen (negative progressive singular)
bēgenmemekde (negative progressive singular)
bēgenmemekde biz (negative plural progressive)
bēgenmemekde siz (negative plural progressive)
bēgenmemekde (negative plural progressive)
bēgenmemelig ben (necessitative negative singular)
bēgenmemelig sen (necessitative negative singular)
bēgenmemelig (necessitative negative singular)
bēgenmemelig biz (necessitative negative plural)
bēgenmemelig siz (necessitative negative plural)
bēgenmemelig (necessitative negative plural)
bēgenmeyeyin (imperative negative singular)
bēgenme (imperative negative singular)
bēgenmegil (imperative negative singular)
bēgenmezün (imperative negative singular)
bēgenmeyelim (imperative negative plural)
bēgenmeyiŋ (imperative negative plural)
bēgenmezün (imperative negative plural)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: bəyənmək

Gagauz: beenmää

Ottoman Turkish: بگنمك

Turkish: beğenmek

Turkmen: begenmek

desc

→ Chuvash: пикен (pik̬en, “to hope; to strive, try”)

→ Chagatai: [script needed] (bigen-)

→ Kipchak: [script needed] (begen-), [script needed] (bigen-), [script needed] (beyen-), [script needed] (biyen-)

Cuman: bien- (biyen-)


tīre-

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: dirəmək

Ottoman Turkish: دیرهمك (diremek)

Turkish: diremek (“to support, perdure, resist”)

Salar: diregüsi

Turkmen: dīremek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (tire-)

Uzbek: tiramoq

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: [script needed] (tirew)

North Kipchak:

Tatar: терәү (teräw)

Bashkir: терәү (terəw)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Nogai: [script needed] (tirew)

Karakalpak: tirew

Kazakh: тіреу (tıreu)

Kyrgyz-kipchak:

Kyrgyz: тирөө (tiröö)

Southern Altai: тиреер (tireer)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: тирээ (tiree)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (tǝre-)


bul-

bulmak (infinitive)
bulgan (participle present)
bulugma (participle present)
bulur (participle present)
bulduk (participle past)
bulmïš (participle past)
buldačï (future participle)
bulmakčï (future participle)
bulsïk (future participle)
bulačak (future participle)
bulma (noun-from-verb)
bulug (noun-from-verb)
bulgu (noun-from-verb)
buluš (adverbial)
bulur ben (aorist indicative singular)
bulur sen (aorist indicative singular)
bulur (aorist indicative singular)
bulur biz (aorist indicative plural)
bulur siz (aorist indicative plural)
bulur (aorist indicative plural)
buldum (indicative past singular)
bulduŋ (indicative past singular)
buldï (indicative past singular)
bulduk (indicative past plural)
buldumuz (indicative past plural)
bulduŋuz (indicative past plural)
buldï (indicative past plural)
bulmïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
bulmïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
bulmïš (indicative inferential past singular)
bulmïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
bulmïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
bulmïš (indicative inferential past plural)
buldačï ben (future indicative singular)
bulmakčï ben (future indicative singular)
bulačak ben (future indicative singular)
buldačï sen (future indicative singular)
bulmakčï sen (future indicative singular)
bulačak sen (future indicative singular)
buldačï (future indicative singular)
bulmakčï (future indicative singular)
bulačak (future indicative singular)
buldačï biz (future indicative plural)
bulmakčï biz (future indicative plural)
bulačak biz (future indicative plural)
buldačï siz (future indicative plural)
bulmakčï siz (future indicative plural)
bulačak siz (future indicative plural)
buldačï (future indicative plural)
bulmakčï (future indicative plural)
bulačak (future indicative plural)
bulgay ben (future indicative singular)
bulgay sen (future indicative singular)
bulgay (future indicative singular)
bulgay biz (future indicative plural)
bulgay siz (future indicative plural)
bulgay (future indicative plural)
bulsukum (future indicative singular)
bulsukuŋ (future indicative singular)
bulsuk (future indicative singular)
bulsukumuz (future indicative plural)
bulsukuŋuz (future indicative plural)
bulsuk (future indicative plural)
bulsam (conditional singular)
bulsar ben (conditional singular)
bulsaŋ (conditional singular)
bulsar sen (conditional singular)
bulsa (conditional singular)
bulsar (conditional singular)
bulsak (conditional plural)
bulsamïz (conditional plural)
bulsar biz (conditional plural)
bulsaŋïz (conditional plural)
bulsar siz (conditional plural)
bulsalar (conditional plural)
bulsar (conditional plural)
bulgay ben (optative singular)
bulgay sen (optative singular)
bulgay (optative singular)
bulgay biz (optative plural)
bulgay siz (optative plural)
bulgay (optative plural)
bulmakda ben (progressive singular)
bulmakda sen (progressive singular)
bulmakda (progressive singular)
bulmakda biz (plural progressive)
bulmakda siz (plural progressive)
bulmakda (plural progressive)
bulmalïg ben (necessitative singular)
bulmalïg sen (necessitative singular)
bulmalïg (necessitative singular)
bulmalïg biz (necessitative plural)
bulmalïg siz (necessitative plural)
bulmalïg (necessitative plural)
bulayïn (imperative singular)
bul (imperative singular)
bulgïl (imperative singular)
bulzun (imperative singular)
bulalïm (imperative plural)
buluŋ (imperative plural)
bulzun (imperative plural)
bulmamak (infinitive negative)
bulmagan (negative participle present)
bulmagma (negative participle present)
bulmaz (negative participle present)
bulmaduk (negative participle past)
bulmamïš (negative participle past)
bulmačï (future negative participle)
bulmasïk (future negative participle)
bulmayačak (future negative participle)
bulmama (negative noun-from-verb)
bulmag (negative noun-from-verb)
bulmagu (negative noun-from-verb)
bulmayuš (adverbial negative)
bulmaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
bulmaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
bulmaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
bulmaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
bulmaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
bulmaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
bulmadum (indicative negative past singular)
bulmaduŋ (indicative negative past singular)
bulmadï (indicative negative past singular)
bulmaduk (indicative negative past plural)
bulmadumuz (indicative negative past plural)
bulmaduŋuz (indicative negative past plural)
bulmadï (indicative negative past plural)
bulmamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
bulmamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
bulmamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
bulmamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
bulmamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
bulmamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
bulmačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
bulmayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
bulmačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
bulmayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
bulmačï (future indicative negative singular)
bulmayačak (future indicative negative singular)
bulmačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
bulmayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
bulmačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
bulmayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
bulmačï (future indicative negative plural)
bulmayačak (future indicative negative plural)
bulmagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
bulmagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
bulmagay (future indicative negative singular)
bulmagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
bulmagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
bulmagay (future indicative negative plural)
bulmasukum (future indicative negative singular)
bulmasukuŋ (future indicative negative singular)
bulmasuk (future indicative negative singular)
bulmasukumuz (future indicative negative plural)
bulmasukuŋuz (future indicative negative plural)
bulmasuk (future indicative negative plural)
bulmasam (conditional negative singular)
bulmasar ben (conditional negative singular)
bulmasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
bulmasar sen (conditional negative singular)
bulmasa (conditional negative singular)
bulmasar (conditional negative singular)
bulmasak (conditional negative plural)
bulmasamïz (conditional negative plural)
bulmasar biz (conditional negative plural)
bulmasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
bulmasar siz (conditional negative plural)
bulmasalar (conditional negative plural)
bulmasar (conditional negative plural)
bulmagay ben (negative optative singular)
bulmagay sen (negative optative singular)
bulmagay (negative optative singular)
bulmagay biz (negative optative plural)
bulmagay siz (negative optative plural)
bulmagay (negative optative plural)
bulmamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
bulmamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
bulmamakda (negative progressive singular)
bulmamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
bulmamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
bulmamakda (negative plural progressive)
bulmamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
bulmamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
bulmamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
bulmamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
bulmamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
bulmamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
bulmayayïn (imperative negative singular)
bulma (imperative negative singular)
bulmagïl (imperative negative singular)
bulmazun (imperative negative singular)
bulmayalïm (imperative negative plural)
bulmayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
bulmazun (imperative negative plural)

Arghu:

Khalaj: bulmaq

Oghuz:

Proto-Oghuz: *bul-

Old Anatolian Turkish: بُولْمَقْ (bulmaq)

Azerbaijani: bulmaq

Gagauz: bulmaa

Ottoman Turkish: بولمق
Turkish: bulmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بُلْماقْ (bulmāq)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: بلماق (bulmaq)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: bulmaq

Karaim: [script needed] (bul-)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰉𐰆𐰞 (b¹ul¹ /bul/)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (bul-)

North Siberian:

Yakut: бул (bul)

Dolgan: бул (bul)


kēkir-

Oghur:

Chuvash: какӑр (kak̬ăr)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: gəyirmək

Gagauz: giirmää

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: ككرمك (geğirmek)
Turkish: geğirmek
→ Armenian: կէյիրմիշ (kēyirmiš)

Turkmen: gǟgirmek

→ Khalaj: gə̂gürmək

Karluk:

Karakhanid: كَكِرْمَكْ (kekirmek)

Uzbek: kekirmoq

Uyghur: كېكىرمەك (këkirmek)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: кикереү (kikerew)

Tatar: кикерергә (kikerergä)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: kekirmek

Kumyk: кекирмек (kekirmek)

Karachay-Balkar: кекирирге (kekirirge)

Karaim: [script needed] (kekir-)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кекирүү (kekirüü)

Southern Altai: кегир (kegir)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: kekirmek

Kazakh: кекіру (kekıru)

desc

Nogai: кекіруьв

Nogai: кекіруьв

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: кэҕэрт (keğert)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: [script needed] (keɣirer)

Tuvan: кегирер (kegirer)

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (kigǝr-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (kekirt-)

From *kē + *-kir.
Akin to Proto-Mongolic *keke-, *kaka- (“to belch; to choke”); Proto-Tungusic *kaxa- (“to choke”).


kǖse-

→? Proto-Mongolic: *küse- (“to wish”)

→? Proto-Tungusic: *xüse (“hunter”)

→? Hungarian: köszön (“to thank”)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Turkmen: küýsemek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (küse-)

Uyghur: [script needed] (küse-)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: [script needed] (kühe-)

Tatar: [script needed] (köse-)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: күсөө (küsöö)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: küsemek

Nogai: [script needed] (küse-)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: күзээр (küzeer)


bēr-

Oghur:

Chuvash: пар (par)

Common Turkic: *bẹ̄r-

Arghu:

Khalaj: vêrmək

Oghuz: *ber-

Old Anatolian Turkish: وِیرْمَكْ (vermäk)

Azerbaijani: vermək

Gagauz: vermää

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: ویرمك (vermek)
Turkish: vermek

Salar: vergüsi

Turkmen: bermek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بيٖرْماكْ (bērmäk)

Chagatai: برماک (bärmäk)

Uzbek: bermoq

Uyghur: بەرمەك (bermek)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: биреү (birew)

Tatar: бирергә (birergä)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: bermek

Kumyk: бермек (bermek)

Karachay-Balkar: берирге (berirge)

Karaim: [script needed] (ver-)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: берүү (berüü)

Southern Altai: [script needed] (ber-)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: beriw

Kazakh: беру (beru)

Nogai: бермек (bermek)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: -𐰋𐰃𐰼 (-b²ir² /bér-/)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ber-)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: [script needed] (bier)

Yakut: биэр (bier)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: [script needed] (ber-)

Tuvan: бээр (beer)

Yenisei:

Shor: [script needed] (per-)

Khakas: [script needed] (pir-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (per-)


tẹpi-

Oghur:

Chuvash: тип (tip, “dry; to stale”)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: təpimək

Ottoman Turkish:

desc

Turkish: tepimek — Denizli, Kütahya, Giresun, Niğde, Muğla

Turkmen: tebimek

Somehow, this verb only exists in Oghuz and Oghur.


sipür-

Proto-Mongolic *sixür- (“to sweep”), *sixür (“broom, besom”) are early loanwords from Turkic. Compared also Evenki чипмӣ (çipmī, “to sweep; to scrape”) by EDAL. (See also *topïk)


semri-

Oghur:

Chuvash: самӑрт (samărt, “to fatten”)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: səmirmək (“to fatten”)

Ottoman Turkish:

desc

Turkish: semirmek (“to fatten”), semirtmek (“to fatten”)

Turkmen: semremek

Karluk:

Karakhanid:

Khorezmian Turkic:

Chagatai:

Uzbek: semirmoq

Uyghur: سەمرىمەك (semrimek), сәмәрмәк (semermek)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: семирмек (semirmek)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һимереү (himerew)

Tatar: симерү (simerü)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: семіру (semıru)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: семирүү (semirüü)

Southern Altai: семирер (semirer)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: семириир (semiriir)

Yenisei Turkic

Khakas: симірерге (simìrerge)

Shor: себирерге

Shor: себирерге

Northern Altai: себирерге (sebirerge)

Western Yugur: semïr-

From *semiŕ (“fat”) + *-i. Later Turkic forms showcase metathesis to *semir-.


sīd-

Oghur:

Chuvash: шăр (šăr)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: sîdmək

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: siymək

⇒ Gagauz: siidik

Ottoman Turkish: سیمك (simek)

Turkish: siymek (“to piss with one leg up (for cat, dog)”)

⇒ Salar: südük

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (siδ-)

Uzbek: siymoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һейеү (heyew)

Tatar: сияргә (siyargä)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: siymek

Kumyk: сиймек (siymek)

Karachay-Balkar: сийерге (siyerge)

Karaim: [script needed] (siy-)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: сийүү (siyüü)

Southern Altai: сийер (siyer)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak:

Kazakh: сию (siü)

Nogai: сиюв (siyuv)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (sid-)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Shor: [script needed] (si-)

Khakas: [script needed] (side-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (siz-)


agsa-

trk-cmn-conj-head

agsadačï ben, agsamakčï ben, agsayačak ben

agsadačï sen, agsamakčï sen, agsayačak sen

agsadačï biz, agsamakčï biz, agsayačak biz

agsadačï siz, agsamakčï siz, agsayačak siz

agsamak (infinitive)
agsagan (participle present)
agsagma (participle present)
agsar (participle present)
agsaduk (participle past)
agsamïš (participle past)
agsadačï (future participle)
agsamakčï (future participle)
agsasïk (future participle)
agsayačak (future participle)
agsama (noun-from-verb)
agsag (noun-from-verb)
agsagu (noun-from-verb)
agsaš (adverbial)
agsar ben (aorist indicative singular)
agsar sen (aorist indicative singular)
agsar (aorist indicative singular)
agsar biz (aorist indicative plural)
agsar siz (aorist indicative plural)
agsar (aorist indicative plural)
agsadïm (indicative past singular)
agsadïŋ (indicative past singular)
agsadï (indicative past singular)
agsadïk (indicative past plural)
agsadïmïz (indicative past plural)
agsadïŋïz (indicative past plural)
agsadï (indicative past plural)
agsamïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
agsamïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
agsamïš (indicative inferential past singular)
agsamïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
agsamïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
agsamïš (indicative inferential past plural)
agsadačï ben (future indicative singular)
agsamakčï ben (future indicative singular)
agsayačak ben (future indicative singular)
agsadačï sen (future indicative singular)
agsamakčï sen (future indicative singular)
agsayačak sen (future indicative singular)
agsadačï (future indicative singular)
agsamakčï (future indicative singular)
agsayačak (future indicative singular)
agsadačï biz (future indicative plural)
agsamakčï biz (future indicative plural)
agsayačak biz (future indicative plural)
agsadačï siz (future indicative plural)
agsamakčï siz (future indicative plural)
agsayačak siz (future indicative plural)
agsadačï (future indicative plural)
agsamakčï (future indicative plural)
agsayačak (future indicative plural)
agsagay ben (future indicative singular)
agsagay sen (future indicative singular)
agsagay (future indicative singular)
agsagay biz (future indicative plural)
agsagay siz (future indicative plural)
agsagay (future indicative plural)
agsasïkïm (future indicative singular)
agsasïkïŋ (future indicative singular)
agsasïk (future indicative singular)
agsasïkïmïz (future indicative plural)
agsasïkïŋïz (future indicative plural)
agsasïk (future indicative plural)
agsasam (conditional singular)
agsasar ben (conditional singular)
agsasaŋ (conditional singular)
agsasar sen (conditional singular)
agsasa (conditional singular)
agsasar (conditional singular)
agsasak (conditional plural)
agsasamïz (conditional plural)
agsasar biz (conditional plural)
agsasaŋïz (conditional plural)
agsasar siz (conditional plural)
agsasalar (conditional plural)
agsasar (conditional plural)
agsagay ben (optative singular)
agsagay sen (optative singular)
agsagay (optative singular)
agsagay biz (optative plural)
agsagay siz (optative plural)
agsagay (optative plural)
agsamakda ben (progressive singular)
agsamakda sen (progressive singular)
agsamakda (progressive singular)
agsamakda biz (plural progressive)
agsamakda siz (plural progressive)
agsamakda (plural progressive)
agsamalïg ben (necessitative singular)
agsamalïg sen (necessitative singular)
agsamalïg (necessitative singular)
agsamalïg biz (necessitative plural)
agsamalïg siz (necessitative plural)
agsamalïg (necessitative plural)
agsayayïn (imperative singular)
agsa (imperative singular)
agsagïl (imperative singular)
agsazun (imperative singular)
agsayalïm (imperative plural)
agsayïŋ (imperative plural)
agsazun (imperative plural)
agsamamak (infinitive negative)
agsamagan (negative participle present)
agsamagma (negative participle present)
agsamaz (negative participle present)
agsamaduk (negative participle past)
agsamamïš (negative participle past)
agsamačï (future negative participle)
agsamasïk (future negative participle)
agsamayačak (future negative participle)
agsamama (negative noun-from-verb)
agsamag (negative noun-from-verb)
agsamagu (negative noun-from-verb)
agsamaš (adverbial negative)
agsamaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
agsamaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
agsamaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
agsamaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
agsamaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
agsamaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
agsamadïm (indicative negative past singular)
agsamadïŋ (indicative negative past singular)
agsamadï (indicative negative past singular)
agsamadïk (indicative negative past plural)
agsamadïmïz (indicative negative past plural)
agsamadïŋïz (indicative negative past plural)
agsamadï (indicative negative past plural)
agsamamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
agsamamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
agsamamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
agsamamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
agsamamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
agsamamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
agsamačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
agsamayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
agsamačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
agsamayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
agsamačï (future indicative negative singular)
agsamayačak (future indicative negative singular)
agsamačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
agsamayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
agsamačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
agsamayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
agsamačï (future indicative negative plural)
agsamayačak (future indicative negative plural)
agsamagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
agsamagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
agsamagay (future indicative negative singular)
agsamagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
agsamagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
agsamagay (future indicative negative plural)
agsamasïkïm (future indicative negative singular)
agsamasïkïŋ (future indicative negative singular)
agsamasïk (future indicative negative singular)
agsamasïkïmïz (future indicative negative plural)
agsamasïkïŋïz (future indicative negative plural)
agsamasïk (future indicative negative plural)
agsamasam (conditional negative singular)
agsamasar ben (conditional negative singular)
agsamasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
agsamasar sen (conditional negative singular)
agsamasa (conditional negative singular)
agsamasar (conditional negative singular)
agsamasak (conditional negative plural)
agsamasamïz (conditional negative plural)
agsamasar biz (conditional negative plural)
agsamasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
agsamasar siz (conditional negative plural)
agsamasalar (conditional negative plural)
agsamasar (conditional negative plural)
agsamagay ben (negative optative singular)
agsamagay sen (negative optative singular)
agsamagay (negative optative singular)
agsamagay biz (negative optative plural)
agsamagay siz (negative optative plural)
agsamagay (negative optative plural)
agsamamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
agsamamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
agsamamakda (negative progressive singular)
agsamamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
agsamamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
agsamamakda (negative plural progressive)
agsamamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
agsamamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
agsamamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
agsamamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
agsamamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
agsamamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
agsamayayïn (imperative negative singular)
agsama (imperative negative singular)
agsamagïl (imperative negative singular)
agsamazun (imperative negative singular)
agsamayalïm (imperative negative plural)
agsamayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
agsamazun (imperative negative plural)

Proto-Common Turkic: *aksa-

Proto-Oghuz: *aksa-

West Oghuz:

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (aqsamaq)

Azerbaijani: axsamaq

Ottoman Turkish: آقسامق (aksamak)

Turkish: aksamak

Kipchak:

Kipchak: اقساماق (aqsamaq)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: аҡһау (aqhaw, “to limp”), аҡһандау (aqhandaw, “to limp slightly”), аҡһаҡ (aqhaq, “lame, limping”)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: aqsamaq

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: ақсаңдау (aqsañdau)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: акса- (aksa-), аксаңда- (aksaŋda-)

Southern Altai: акса- (aksa-), аксаҥ- (aksaŋ-), аксаҥда- (aksaŋda-)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: ʾʾqsʾ- (aɣsa-/aqsa-/axsa-)

Sevortjan suggets a derivation from *āg- (“to rise; to dangle”) and Nişanyan connects it to *ak- (“to flow”), however he also rejects both theories on the bases of semantics. Most other linguists consider it simplex.


yï̄gla-

trk-cmn-conj-head

yï̄gladačï, yï̄glamakčï, yï̄glasïk, yï̄glayačak

yï̄gladačï ben, yï̄glamakčï ben, yï̄glayačak ben

yï̄gladačï sen, yï̄glamakčï sen, yï̄glayačak sen

yï̄gladačï biz, yï̄glamakčï biz, yï̄glayačak biz

yï̄gladačï siz, yï̄glamakčï siz, yï̄glayačak siz

yï̄glamasak, yï̄glamasamïz, yï̄glamasar biz

yï̄glamak (infinitive)
yï̄glagan (participle present)
yï̄glagma (participle present)
yï̄glar (participle present)
yï̄gladuk (participle past)
yï̄glamïš (participle past)
yï̄gladačï (future participle)
yï̄glamakčï (future participle)
yï̄glasïk (future participle)
yï̄glayačak (future participle)
yï̄glama (noun-from-verb)
yï̄glag (noun-from-verb)
yï̄glagu (noun-from-verb)
yï̄glaš (adverbial)
yï̄glar ben (aorist indicative singular)
yï̄glar sen (aorist indicative singular)
yï̄glar (aorist indicative singular)
yï̄glar biz (aorist indicative plural)
yï̄glar siz (aorist indicative plural)
yï̄glar (aorist indicative plural)
yï̄gladïm (indicative past singular)
yï̄gladïŋ (indicative past singular)
yï̄gladï (indicative past singular)
yï̄gladïk (indicative past plural)
yï̄gladïmïz (indicative past plural)
yï̄gladïŋïz (indicative past plural)
yï̄gladï (indicative past plural)
yï̄glamïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
yï̄glamïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
yï̄glamïš (indicative inferential past singular)
yï̄glamïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
yï̄glamïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
yï̄glamïš (indicative inferential past plural)
yï̄gladačï ben (future indicative singular)
yï̄glamakčï ben (future indicative singular)
yï̄glayačak ben (future indicative singular)
yï̄gladačï sen (future indicative singular)
yï̄glamakčï sen (future indicative singular)
yï̄glayačak sen (future indicative singular)
yï̄gladačï (future indicative singular)
yï̄glamakčï (future indicative singular)
yï̄glayačak (future indicative singular)
yï̄gladačï biz (future indicative plural)
yï̄glamakčï biz (future indicative plural)
yï̄glayačak biz (future indicative plural)
yï̄gladačï siz (future indicative plural)
yï̄glamakčï siz (future indicative plural)
yï̄glayačak siz (future indicative plural)
yï̄gladačï (future indicative plural)
yï̄glamakčï (future indicative plural)
yï̄glayačak (future indicative plural)
yï̄glagay ben (future indicative singular)
yï̄glagay sen (future indicative singular)
yï̄glagay (future indicative singular)
yï̄glagay biz (future indicative plural)
yï̄glagay siz (future indicative plural)
yï̄glagay (future indicative plural)
yï̄glasïkïm (future indicative singular)
yï̄glasïkïŋ (future indicative singular)
yï̄glasïk (future indicative singular)
yï̄glasïkïmïz (future indicative plural)
yï̄glasïkïŋïz (future indicative plural)
yï̄glasïk (future indicative plural)
yï̄glasam (conditional singular)
yï̄glasar ben (conditional singular)
yï̄glasaŋ (conditional singular)
yï̄glasar sen (conditional singular)
yï̄glasa (conditional singular)
yï̄glasar (conditional singular)
yï̄glasak (conditional plural)
yï̄glasamïz (conditional plural)
yï̄glasar biz (conditional plural)
yï̄glasaŋïz (conditional plural)
yï̄glasar siz (conditional plural)
yï̄glasalar (conditional plural)
yï̄glasar (conditional plural)
yï̄glagay ben (optative singular)
yï̄glagay sen (optative singular)
yï̄glagay (optative singular)
yï̄glagay biz (optative plural)
yï̄glagay siz (optative plural)
yï̄glagay (optative plural)
yï̄glamakda ben (progressive singular)
yï̄glamakda sen (progressive singular)
yï̄glamakda (progressive singular)
yï̄glamakda biz (plural progressive)
yï̄glamakda siz (plural progressive)
yï̄glamakda (plural progressive)
yï̄glamalïg ben (necessitative singular)
yï̄glamalïg sen (necessitative singular)
yï̄glamalïg (necessitative singular)
yï̄glamalïg biz (necessitative plural)
yï̄glamalïg siz (necessitative plural)
yï̄glamalïg (necessitative plural)
yï̄glayayïn (imperative singular)
yï̄gla (imperative singular)
yï̄glagïl (imperative singular)
yï̄glazun (imperative singular)
yï̄glayalïm (imperative plural)
yï̄glayïŋ (imperative plural)
yï̄glazun (imperative plural)
yï̄glamamak (infinitive negative)
yï̄glamagan (negative participle present)
yï̄glamagma (negative participle present)
yï̄glamaz (negative participle present)
yï̄glamaduk (negative participle past)
yï̄glamamïš (negative participle past)
yï̄glamačï (future negative participle)
yï̄glamasïk (future negative participle)
yï̄glamayačak (future negative participle)
yï̄glamama (negative noun-from-verb)
yï̄glamag (negative noun-from-verb)
yï̄glamagu (negative noun-from-verb)
yï̄glamaš (adverbial negative)
yï̄glamaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamadïm (indicative negative past singular)
yï̄glamadïŋ (indicative negative past singular)
yï̄glamadï (indicative negative past singular)
yï̄glamadïk (indicative negative past plural)
yï̄glamadïmïz (indicative negative past plural)
yï̄glamadïŋïz (indicative negative past plural)
yï̄glamadï (indicative negative past plural)
yï̄glamamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
yï̄glamamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
yï̄glamamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
yï̄glamamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
yï̄glamamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
yï̄glamamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
yï̄glamačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamačï (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamayačak (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamačï (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamayačak (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamagay (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamagay (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamasïkïm (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamasïkïŋ (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamasïk (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamasïkïmïz (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamasïkïŋïz (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamasïk (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamasam (conditional negative singular)
yï̄glamasar ben (conditional negative singular)
yï̄glamasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
yï̄glamasar sen (conditional negative singular)
yï̄glamasa (conditional negative singular)
yï̄glamasar (conditional negative singular)
yï̄glamasak (conditional negative plural)
yï̄glamasamïz (conditional negative plural)
yï̄glamasar biz (conditional negative plural)
yï̄glamasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
yï̄glamasar siz (conditional negative plural)
yï̄glamasalar (conditional negative plural)
yï̄glamasar (conditional negative plural)
yï̄glamagay ben (negative optative singular)
yï̄glamagay sen (negative optative singular)
yï̄glamagay (negative optative singular)
yï̄glamagay biz (negative optative plural)
yï̄glamagay siz (negative optative plural)
yï̄glamagay (negative optative plural)
yï̄glamamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
yï̄glamamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
yï̄glamamakda (negative progressive singular)
yï̄glamamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
yï̄glamamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
yï̄glamamakda (negative plural progressive)
yï̄glamamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
yï̄glamamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
yï̄glamamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
yï̄glamamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
yï̄glamamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
yï̄glamamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
yï̄glamayayïn (imperative negative singular)
yï̄glama (imperative negative singular)
yï̄glamagïl (imperative negative singular)
yï̄glamazun (imperative negative singular)
yï̄glamayalïm (imperative negative plural)
yï̄glamayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
yï̄glamazun (imperative negative plural)

Arghu:

Khalaj: hığlamaq

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: آغلامق (aġlamaq)

Azerbaijani: ağlamaq

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: آغلامق
Turkish: ağlamak
Gagauz: aalamaa

→ Crimean Tatar: ağlamaq

Salar: yağlağusı

Turkmen: āglamak

Karluk:

desc

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yığla-), [script needed] (ığla-)

desctree

Chagatai: ییغلاماق (yiğlamaq), یغلاماق (yiğlamaq)
Uzbek: yigʻlamoq
Uyghur: يىغلىماق (yighlimaq)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: илау (ilaw)

Tatar: еларга (yelarga)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: cılamaq

Kumyk: йыламакъ (yılamaq)

Karachay-Balkar: жиляргъа (jilyarğa)

Karaim: jylamak, ilamah

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: jılav

Kazakh: жылау (jylau)

Nogai:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: ыйлоо (ıyloo)

Southern Altai: ыйлаар (ïylaar)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ığla-)

North Siberian:

Yakut: ыйылаа (ıyılaa, “to cry out”)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Shor: ылғарға (ïlğarğa)

Khakas: [script needed] (ıı, “cry(?)”)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (yığla-)

From Proto-Turkic *yï̄g + *-la. It could be an imitative word. As in the Turkish verb havlamak, hav is the sound made by dogs and it becomes a verb with the same suffix.

(Common Turkic, intransitive) to weep, cry


simki-

Oghur:

Chuvash: шӑнкар (šănk̬ar)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Ottoman Turkish: سومكورمك (sümkürmek)

Gagauz: sümkürmää

Turkish: sümkürmek

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: sümgürmek

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һемгереү (hemgerew)

West Kipchak:

Karaim: [script needed] (siŋir-)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: [script needed] (simbir-)

desc

Southern Altai: чыҥыр- (čïŋïr-), чимир- (čimir-),

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (sĭŋbĭr-)

Kazakh: сіңбіру (sıñbıru)

Nogai: [script needed] (simgir-)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: сиңмирер (siñmirer)

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (sĭŋĭr-)


topra-

Common Turkic:

Karakhanid: تُبْراماقْ (topramaq)

From Proto-Turkic *topur + *-a. Compare to Evenki [script needed] (taparā-, “to become dirty”). Related to Karakhanid تُبُرْغانْ (topurğan).

cog

(transitive) to turn into dust, dry out, make dry


tāla-

Oghur:

desc

Chuvash: тула (tula, “to harm, slander”)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: talamaq

Ottoman Turkish: طالامق (talamak)

Turkish: talamak (dialectal)

Turkmen: tālamak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (tala-)

Uzbek: talamoq

Uyghur: تالاـ (tala-)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: талау (talaw)

Tatar: [script needed] (tala-)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: таламакъ (talamaq)

Karaim: [script needed] (tala-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (tala-)

Kazakh: талау (talau)

Nogai: [script needed] (tala-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: талоо (taloo)

Southern Altai: талаар (talaar)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tala-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (tala-)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (tala-)

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *tala- (“to rob”), Manchu ᡨᠠᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ (talambi, “to confiscate; to lay out”).


tāla-

Oghur:

Chuvash: тула (tula)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: dalamaq

desc

Ottoman Turkish: طالامق (talamak, dalamak)

Turkish: dalamak

Gagauz: dalamaa

Turkmen: dālamak

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: талау (talaw)

Tatar: [script needed] (tala-)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: talamaq

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: талау (talau)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: талаар (talaar, “to abuse”)

Also reconstructed as *dāla- because there is a semantic distinction in Oghuz languages according to the beginning of the word.
Compared to Proto-Tungusic *dala- (“to lap, swill”), also Proto-Mongolic *dōlu-ğa (“to lick”).


yol-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫул (śul)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yolmaq

Ottoman Turkish: یولمق (yolmak)

Turkish: yolmak

Gagauz: yolmaa

Turkmen: ýolmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: یُلْماقْ (yolmaq)

Uzbek: yulmoq

Uyghur: يۇلماق (yulmaq)

Kipchak:

Kipchak–Bulgar:

Bashkir: йолҡоу (yolqow)

Tatar: [script needed] (yolqu-)

Kipchak–Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: yulqmaq

Karachay-Balkar: джулкъаргъа (culk-)

Karaim: [script needed] (yulu-)

Kipchak–Nogai:

Karakalpak: julıw

Kazakh: жұлу (jūlu)

Kyrgyz–Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жулуу (juluu)

Southern Altai: јулар (ǰular)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰆𐰞- (y¹ul¹-)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yol-, yul-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (yul-)

North Siberian:

Yakut: сулуй (suluy)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: [script needed] (çul-)

Yenisei:

Shor: [script needed] (çul-)

Khakas: [script needed] (çul-)

(transitive) to tear out, pick out, pluck


uč-

Oghur:

Chuvash: вӗҫ (vĕś)

Proto-Common Turkic: *uč-

Arghu:

Khalaj: uçmaq

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

desctree

Old Anatolian Turkish: اوچمق (uçmak), اوشمق (uşmaq)
Azerbaijani: uçmaq
Gagauz: uçmaa
Ottoman Turkish: اوچمق (uçmak)
Turkish: uçmak

East Oghuz:

Salar: üşgüsi (üç-)

Turkmen: uçmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (uč-)

Khorezmian Turkic: اوچماق (uçmaq)

Uzbek: uchmoq

Uyghur: ئۇچماق (uchmaq)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: осоу (osow)

Tatar: очарга (oçarga)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: uçmaq

Kumyk: учмакъ (uçmaq)

Karachay-Balkar: учаргъа (uçarğa)

Karaim: [script needed] (uč-)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: учуу (ucuu)

Southern Altai: учар (učar)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (uş-)

Kazakh: ұшу (ūşu)

Nogai: ушув (uşuv)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰆𐰲 (uč-)

Sayan:

Tofa: уъһяр

Tuvan: ужар (ujar)

Yenisei:

desc

Shor: учуғар

Shor: учуғар

Khakas: учугарға (uçugarğa)


bat-

Oghur: *bat-

Middle Chuvash: *påt-

Chuvash: пут (put)

Proto-Common Turkic: *bat-

Arghu:

Khalaj: batmaq

Oghuz:

Proto-Oghuz: *bat-

Old Anatolian Turkish: بتمق (batmaq)

Azerbaijani: batmaq

Gagauz: batmaa

Ottoman Turkish: باتمق (batmak)

Turkish: batmak

Salar: pat

Turkmen: batmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: باتْماق (batmaq)

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (batmaq)

Chagatai: باتماق (batmaq)

Uzbek: botmoq

Uyghur: باتماق (batmaq)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: باتماق (batmaq)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: батыу (batıw)

Tatar: батмак (batmaq)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: batmaq

Karachay-Balkar: батмакъ (batmaq)

Karaim: [script needed] (bat-)

Kumyk: батмакъ (batmaq)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: бату (batu)

Karakalpak: батыў (batıw)

Nogai: батув (batuv)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: батуу (batuu)

Southern Altai: бадар (badar)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰉𐱃 (b¹t¹ /bat/)

Old Uyghur: 𐽼𐽰𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽷 (batmak)

Western Yugur: pat (paʰt)

North Siberian:

Yakut: бат (bat)

South Kipchak:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: батар (batar)

Tofa: бат- (bat-)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: пат (pat)

Shor: пат (pat-)


ür-

Oghur:

Chuvash: вӗр (vĕr)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz: *ǖr-

Old Anatolian Turkish: اورمك (ürmek)

Azerbaijani: hürmək (“to bark”)

Gagauz: üürümää (“to bark”)

Ottoman Turkish: اورومك (ürümek)

Turkish: ürümek (“to bark”)

Salar: fürgüsi (“to bark”)

Turkmen: üýrmek (“to bark”)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: өрөү (öröw)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: үрлеу (ürleu)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: үрүү (ürüü)

Southern Altai: ӱрер (ürer)

Siberian:

Yakut: үр (ür)

Nişanyan suggests a derivation from earlier *üwür- or *üyür-, a derivation from the onomatopoeic *ü or *üw (“blowing sound”), which he and Räsänen compare to Turkish üfürmek (“to blow”) and Azerbaijani üfürmək (“to blow”), both from Old Anatolian Turkish اورمك (üvürmek).. An onomatopoeic origin from would also make this root related to Turkish and Turkmen üflemek, Azerbaijani üfləmək, Gagauz üflemää etc.. Räsänen also compares *ör- (“to speak loudly”)


bïĺč-

Oghur: *bič-, *bilč-

Proto-Bulgar: *biś-

Volga Bulgar: *?

Chuvash: пиҫ (piś)

⇒ Oghur: *bilč-er-

Proto-Bulgar: *biśer-

Volga Bulgar: *piśer-

⇒ Chuvash: пĕçер (pĕçer)

Proto-Common Turkic: *biš-, *biš-ir-

Arghu:

Khalaj: bışmaq

Proto-Oghuz: *biš-

Old Anatolian Turkish: بشمك (bişmek)

Azerbaijani: bişmək

Ottoman Turkish: بشمك (bişmek), پیشمك (pişmek)

Gagauz: pişmää

Turkish: pişmek, pişirmek

Salar: pişgüsi

Turkmen: bişmek

Karluk: *bïš-

Karakhanid: بِشْماقْ (bışma:q)

Chagatai: [script needed] (biş-, bışur-)

Uyghur: پىشماق (pishmaq)

Uzbek: pishmoq

Kipchak:

Kipchak: بشماك (bişmek)

Kipchak-Bulgar:

Bashkir: бешеү (beşew)

Tatar: пешерергә (peşerergä)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: pişmek

Karachay-Balkar: биширге (bişirge)

⇒ Karaim: пиширмэк (piširmék)

⇒ Kumyk: биширмек (bişirmek)

Kipchak-Nogai:

⇒ Nogai: писируьв (pisirüv)

Kazakh: пісу (pısu)

Karakalpak: [script needed] (pis-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: бышуу (bışuu)

Southern Altai: быжар (bïžar)

Siberian Turkic: *bïš- ~ *biš-

Old Uyghur: 𐰋𐰃𐰾 (b²is² /biš-/) (Ïrḳ Bitig)

Old Uyghur: 𐽼𐽶𐽿𐽹𐽰𐽲 (pyšmʾq /bïš-/) (post 10th century)

Western Yugur: bəhs- (bïʰs-, bïʰš-)

North Siberian Turkic:

⇒ Dolgan: буспут (busput-)

Yakut: бус (bus)

South Siberian Turkic:

Sayan: *bïš-ta-

Tofa: пашта (bašta-)

Tuvan: паштаар (paştaar)

Yenisei: *bïš-ar-

Khakas: пызарға (pızarğa)

Shor: пыжыр (pïžïr-)


yūt-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫӑт (śăt)

Arghu:

Khalaj: yûtmaq

Oghuz: يُوتْماقْ (yu:tma:q)

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: udmaq

Ottoman Turkish: یوتمق

Gagauz: yutkunmaa, yudum

Turkish: yutmak (dial. yud-), yudum

Salar: uğutğusı

Turkmen: ýuwutmak (ýuwud-)

Karluk:

Chagatai:

Uyghur: [script needed] (yut-)

Uzbek: yutmoq

Kipchak: يُوتْماقْ (yu:tma:q)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: йотоу (yotow)

Tatar: йоту (yotu)

Cuman-Kipchak: jout-

Crimean Tatar: yutmaq

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (ǯut-)

Karaim: [script needed] (yut-)

Kumyk: [script needed] (yut-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (žut-)

Kazakh: жұту (jūtu)

Nogai: [script needed] (yut-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жутуу (jutuu)

Southern Altai: јудар (ǰudar)


yorï-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫӳре (śüre)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: یُورِمَكْ (yörimek), یُورِمَقْ (yorımaq)

Azerbaijani: yerimək, yürümək, -yür

Gagauz: örümää, -er, -ii

Ottoman Turkish: یورمك

Turkish: yürümek, -iyor

Turkmen: ýöremek

Karluk:

Uyghur: يۈرمەك (yürmek)

Uzbek: yurmoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak

Bashkir: йөрөү (yöröw)

South Kipchak

Kazakh: жүру (jüru)

West Kipchak

Crimean Tatar: yürmek

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: жүрүү (jürüü)

Southern Altai: јӱрер (ǰürer), јӱр- (ǰür-)

Siberian Turkic:

Old Turkic: 𐰘𐰇𐰼𐰃 (yöri-), 𐰖𐰆𐰺𐰃 (yorï-)

desctree

Old Uyghur: 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽶𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ywrymʾq /yorïmaḳ/)
Western Yugur: jor- (yor-)

North Siberian:

Yakut: сырыт (sırıt)

South Siberian:

Tuvan: чоруур (çoruur)

The form *yorï- is probably more archaic.


āg-

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: ağmaq (dial.)

Ottoman Turkish:

Gagauz: aaamaa (“to vaporize”)

Turkish: ağmak

Turkmen: āgmak

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: ауу (auu)

desc

Proto-Turkic: *āgtar- (“to turn upside down; to plough”)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: aktarmak

Salar: aqdarğusı

Turkmen: āgdarmak

Karluk:

Uyghur: [script needed] (ağdurmaq)

Uzbek: agdarmoq (“to turn down”)

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: аудару (audaru)

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: аткарар (atkarar), аҥдарар (aŋdarar)

Proto-Turkic: *āgna- (“to wallow (animals)”)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: ağnamaq

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: ağnamak

Turkmen: āgynamak

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: аунау (aunau)

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: аҥданар (aŋdanar)

(intransitive) to rise up, climb over, exceed


āy-

Proto-Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: hâymaq

Oghuz

Old Anatolian Turkish: ایمق (aymaq)

Karluk

Karakhanid: اَیْماقْ (/aymaq/)

Khorezmian Turkic: ایماق (aymaq)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰖 (y¹)

Yakut: ый (ıy, “to indicate”)

South Siberian:

Northern Altai: айарга (ayarga)

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *āyït- (causative)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ыйт (yjt)

Oghuz: اَیِتْماقْ (ʾayitmʾq /ayïtmaq/)

Old Anatolian Turkish: ایتمك (eyitmek, eytmek), ایتمق (ayıtmaq, aytmaq), ایدمك (eyidmek), اتمك (etmek)

Ottoman Turkish: ایتمك (eyitmek)

Turkish: eyitmek, ayıtmak

Turkmen: aýtmak

Kipchak:

North Kipchak

Bashkir: әйтеү (əytew)

Tatar: әйтергә (äytergä), Tatar: әйтү (äytü)

West Kipchak

Kipchak: ayt (Codex Cumanicus)

Kumyk: айтмакъ (aytmaq)

Crimean Tatar: aytmaq

South Kipchak

Kazakh: айту (aitu)

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: айтуу (aytuu)

Southern Altai: айдар (aydar)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اَیِتْماقْ (ʾayitmʾq /ayïtmaq/)

Uzbek: aytmoq

Uyghur: ئېيتماق (ëytmaq)

Siberian:

Yakut: ыйыт (ıyıt, “to ask”, causative)


adïr-

trk-cmn-conj-head

adïrtačï ben, adïrmakčï ben, adïračak ben

adïrtačï sen, adïrmakčï sen, adïračak sen

adïrtačï biz, adïrmakčï biz, adïračak biz

adïrtačï siz, adïrmakčï siz, adïračak siz

adïrmak (infinitive)
adïrgan (participle present)
adïrïgma (participle present)
adïrur (participle present)
adïrtuk (participle past)
adïrmïš (participle past)
adïrtačï (future participle)
adïrmakčï (future participle)
adïrsïk (future participle)
adïračak (future participle)
adïrma (noun-from-verb)
adïrïg (noun-from-verb)
adïrgu (noun-from-verb)
adïrïš (adverbial)
adïrur ben (aorist indicative singular)
adïrur sen (aorist indicative singular)
adïrur (aorist indicative singular)
adïrur biz (aorist indicative plural)
adïrur siz (aorist indicative plural)
adïrur (aorist indicative plural)
adïrtïm (indicative past singular)
adïrtïŋ (indicative past singular)
adïrtï (indicative past singular)
adïrtïk (indicative past plural)
adïrtïmïz (indicative past plural)
adïrtïŋïz (indicative past plural)
adïrtï (indicative past plural)
adïrmïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
adïrmïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
adïrmïš (indicative inferential past singular)
adïrmïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
adïrmïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
adïrmïš (indicative inferential past plural)
adïrtačï ben (future indicative singular)
adïrmakčï ben (future indicative singular)
adïračak ben (future indicative singular)
adïrtačï sen (future indicative singular)
adïrmakčï sen (future indicative singular)
adïračak sen (future indicative singular)
adïrtačï (future indicative singular)
adïrmakčï (future indicative singular)
adïračak (future indicative singular)
adïrtačï biz (future indicative plural)
adïrmakčï biz (future indicative plural)
adïračak biz (future indicative plural)
adïrtačï siz (future indicative plural)
adïrmakčï siz (future indicative plural)
adïračak siz (future indicative plural)
adïrtačï (future indicative plural)
adïrmakčï (future indicative plural)
adïračak (future indicative plural)
adïrgay ben (future indicative singular)
adïrgay sen (future indicative singular)
adïrgay (future indicative singular)
adïrgay biz (future indicative plural)
adïrgay siz (future indicative plural)
adïrgay (future indicative plural)
adïrsïkïm (future indicative singular)
adïrsïkïŋ (future indicative singular)
adïrsïk (future indicative singular)
adïrsïkïmïz (future indicative plural)
adïrsïkïŋïz (future indicative plural)
adïrsïk (future indicative plural)
adïrsam (conditional singular)
adïrsar ben (conditional singular)
adïrsaŋ (conditional singular)
adïrsar sen (conditional singular)
adïrsa (conditional singular)
adïrsar (conditional singular)
adïrsak (conditional plural)
adïrsamïz (conditional plural)
adïrsar biz (conditional plural)
adïrsaŋïz (conditional plural)
adïrsar siz (conditional plural)
adïrsalar (conditional plural)
adïrsar (conditional plural)
adïrgay ben (optative singular)
adïrgay sen (optative singular)
adïrgay (optative singular)
adïrgay biz (optative plural)
adïrgay siz (optative plural)
adïrgay (optative plural)
adïrmakda ben (progressive singular)
adïrmakda sen (progressive singular)
adïrmakda (progressive singular)
adïrmakda biz (plural progressive)
adïrmakda siz (plural progressive)
adïrmakda (plural progressive)
adïrmalïg ben (necessitative singular)
adïrmalïg sen (necessitative singular)
adïrmalïg (necessitative singular)
adïrmalïg biz (necessitative plural)
adïrmalïg siz (necessitative plural)
adïrmalïg (necessitative plural)
adïrayïn (imperative singular)
adïr (imperative singular)
adïrgïl (imperative singular)
adïrzun (imperative singular)
adïralïm (imperative plural)
adïrïŋ (imperative plural)
adïrzun (imperative plural)
adïrmamak (infinitive negative)
adïrmagan (negative participle present)
adïrmagma (negative participle present)
adïrmaz (negative participle present)
adïrmaduk (negative participle past)
adïrmamïš (negative participle past)
adïrmačï (future negative participle)
adïrmasïk (future negative participle)
adïrmayačak (future negative participle)
adïrmama (negative noun-from-verb)
adïrmag (negative noun-from-verb)
adïrmagu (negative noun-from-verb)
adïrmayïš (adverbial negative)
adïrmaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
adïrmaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
adïrmaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
adïrmaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
adïrmaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
adïrmaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
adïrmadïm (indicative negative past singular)
adïrmadïŋ (indicative negative past singular)
adïrmadï (indicative negative past singular)
adïrmadïk (indicative negative past plural)
adïrmadïmïz (indicative negative past plural)
adïrmadïŋïz (indicative negative past plural)
adïrmadï (indicative negative past plural)
adïrmamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
adïrmamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
adïrmamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
adïrmamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
adïrmamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
adïrmamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
adïrmačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmačï (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmayačak (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmačï (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmayačak (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmagay (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmagay (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmasïkïm (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmasïkïŋ (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmasïk (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmasïkïmïz (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmasïkïŋïz (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmasïk (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmasam (conditional negative singular)
adïrmasar ben (conditional negative singular)
adïrmasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
adïrmasar sen (conditional negative singular)
adïrmasa (conditional negative singular)
adïrmasar (conditional negative singular)
adïrmasak (conditional negative plural)
adïrmasamïz (conditional negative plural)
adïrmasar biz (conditional negative plural)
adïrmasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
adïrmasar siz (conditional negative plural)
adïrmasalar (conditional negative plural)
adïrmasar (conditional negative plural)
adïrmagay ben (negative optative singular)
adïrmagay sen (negative optative singular)
adïrmagay (negative optative singular)
adïrmagay biz (negative optative plural)
adïrmagay siz (negative optative plural)
adïrmagay (negative optative plural)
adïrmamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
adïrmamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
adïrmamakda (negative progressive singular)
adïrmamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
adïrmamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
adïrmamakda (negative plural progressive)
adïrmamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
adïrmamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
adïrmamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
adïrmamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
adïrmamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
adïrmamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
adïrmayayïn (imperative negative singular)
adïrma (imperative negative singular)
adïrmagïl (imperative negative singular)
adïrmazun (imperative negative singular)
adïrmayalïm (imperative negative plural)
adïrmayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
adïrmazun (imperative negative plural)

Oghur:

Chuvash: уйӑр (ujăr)

Proto-Common Turkic: *adïr-

Arghu:

Khalaj: hadırmaq

Proto-Oghuz: *ayïr-

West Oghuz:

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (ayırmaq)

Azerbaijani: ayırmaq

Ottoman Turkish: آيرمق (ayırmak)

Turkish: ayırmak

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: aýyrmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اَذِرْماقْ (aδïrmaq)

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (aδïrmaq) [script needed] (ayïrmaq)

Chagatai: ايرماق (ayırmaq)

Uzbek: ayirmoq

Kipchak: ايرماق (ayırmaq)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: айырыу (ayırıw)

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: айыру (aiyru)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: айыруу (ayıruu)

Southern Altai: айырар (ayïrar)

Siberian:

⇒ Old Turkic: 𐰑𐰺𐰞 (adrïl-)

North Siberian:

Yakut: атыр (atır)

South Siberian:

Yeniseian Turkic:

Khakas: азырарға (azırarğa)

→ Mongolian: ажрах (ažrax, “to distinguish, notice”)

→ Kazakh: ажырау (ajyrau)

→ Kyrgyz: ажыроо (ajıroo)

From *ad- (“to seperate”) + *-ïr-, the root is not attested on its own.
Some like Erdal and Nişanyan suggest *ādïl- (“to sober”) and *ādïg (“sober”) are derived from the same root as well, however some reconstruct an alternative *ād- (“to sober”) root on the bases of Turkish aymak, however that verb is attested at a very late date and may be a back-formation.
Clauson suggests *üdür- (“to choose; to separate, scatter”) is a variant of this verb, however this is unlikely from a phonological standpoint.

(figuratively, transitive) to distinguish