em-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ӗм (ĕm)

Arghu:

Khalaj: əmmək

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: əmmək

Ottoman Turkish: اممك (emmek)

Turkish: emmek

Gagauz: emmää

Salar: emgüsi

Turkmen: emmek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اماك (emmēk)

Chagatai: [script needed] (émmek)

Uyghur: ئەممەك (emmek)

Uzbek: emmoq

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: emmek

Karachay-Balkar: эмерге (emerge)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: имеү (imew)

Tatar: имәргә (imärgä)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: ему (emu)

Nogai: [script needed] (em-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: эмүү (emüü)

Southern Altai: эмер (emer)

Siberian

North Siberian:

Yakut: эм (em)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: эмер (emer)

Yenisei:

Khakas: эмерге (emerge)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (yim-)

Compared to Proto-Uralic *ime- (“to suck”) and Proto-Mongolic *em-kü- (“to swallow, bite, chew”).

cog

(transitive) to suck (breast of women or animals)


ek-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ак (ak)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: həkmək

Oghuz:

desctree

Old Anatolian Turkish: اكمك (ekmek)
Azerbaijani: əkmək
Gagauz: ekmää
Ottoman Turkish: اكمك (ekmek)
Turkish: ekmek

Salar: ekküsi

Turkmen: ekmek

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: ekmek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اَكْماكْ (ekmek)

Chagatai: [script needed] (ekmek)

Uyghur: ئەكمەك (ekmek)

Uzbek: ekmoq


er-

Proto-Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: *ərmək

Oghuz:

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: ایمك (imäk, īmäk)

Azerbaijani: *imək

Gagauz: *imää

Ottoman Turkish: ایمك (imek)

Turkish: *imek

Turkmen: irmek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (ermēk)

Khorezmian Turkic:

Chagatai:

Uzbek: *emoq

Siberian Turkic:

Old Turkic: 𐰼 (er-)

North Siberian Turkic:

Yakut: эр (er)

Nişanyan merges this verb with *ẹr- (“to reach”).


i-

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ıy-, “to suppress”)


to-

to-k

full, saturated (not hungry); see there for further descendants

>? Proto-Turkic: *toy

feast, wedding; see there for further descendants

tōl-u

Proto-Turkic: *tō-l- (“to be full”) (see there for further descendants)

tod-gun

Proto-Turkic: *to-d- (“to become satiated, full”) (see there for further descendants)

saturated; see there for further descendants

tod-gur-

to make someone full, feed; see there for further descendants


ur-

Oghur

Chuvash: вӑр (văr, “to beat”)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Arghu

Khalaj: hurmaq

Oghuz

>? Old Anatolian Turkish: ورمق (vurmaq)

Old Anatolian Turkish: اورمق (urmaq)

Azerbaijani: vurmaq
→ Khalaj: vurmaq

Gagauz: urmaa

Ottoman Turkish: اورمق (urmak), وورمق (vurmak)

Turkish: vurmak

Salar: vur

Turkmen: urmak

Karluk

Karakhanid: اُرْماقْ (urmaq)

Uzbek: urmoq

Uyghur: ئۇرماق (urmaq)

Kipchak

North Kipchak

Bashkir: ороу (orow)

Tatar: ору (oru)

West Kipchak

Crimean Tatar: urmaq

Karachay-Balkar: урургъа (ururğa)

Kumyk: урмакъ (urmaq)

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: уруу (uruu)

Southern Altai: урар (urar).

South Kipchak

Kazakh: ұру (ūru)

Siberian

South Siberian

Sayan

Tuvan: ур- (ur-)

Alternatively, it is reconstructed as *hur-, which could be a comparing to Proto-Tungusic *por- (“to hit, beat”). In the reconstruction, it is assumed the origin of the word Proto-Turkic *urug, as compared to the Proto-Mongolic *(h)üre- (“to strew, scatter”) and Proto-Mongolic *hüre (“seed, child, descendant”). But it is denied that (h)ur- is origin of urug.


al-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ил (il)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: almaq

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: آلمق (almaq)

Azerbaijani: almaq

Gagauz: almaa

Ottoman Turkish: آلمق (almak)

Turkish: almak

Turkmen: almak

Salar: alğusı

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (al-)

Chagatai:

Uzbek: olmoq

Uyghur: ئالماق (almaq)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: almaq

Kumyk: алмакъ (almaq)

Karachay-Balkar: алыргъа (alırğa)

Karaim: алув (aluv)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: алыу (alıw)

Tatar: алу (alu)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: алу (alu)

Karakalpak: aluw

Nogai: алу (alu)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: алуу (aluu)

Southern Altai: алар (alar)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (al-)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (al-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (al-)

North Siberian:

Yakut: ыл (ıl)

Dolgan: ыл

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: алыр (alır)

Tofa: [script needed] (al-)

Yenisei:

Shor: аларға (alarğa)

Khakas: [script needed] (al-)

Compare to Proto-Mongolic *ali- (“to take, receive; give”), Proto-Tungusic *al(i)- (“to take, receive; give, hand over”).


or-

desc

Proto-Turkic: *or-du, *or-da (“place; palace; lair, den; place of staying (of the army, ruler etc.); army”)

Proto-Turkic: *or-man (“forest”)

Proto-Turkic: *or-tu, *or-ta (“middle”)

Proto-Turkic: *or-un (“place”)

Proto-Turkic: *or(u)n-a- (“to reserve a place”)

Proto-Turkic: *orna-ĺč- (“to settle down”)


or-

Proto-Turkic: *or-gak (“sickle”)

Oghur:

Chuvash: выр (vyr)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish: اورامق (oramak)

Turkmen: ormak

Salar: orğusı

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (or-)

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: ору (oru)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: орор (oror, “to cut, now, reap”)


u-

Old Turkic

Old Turkic: 𐰆 (u-)

Old Uyghur: ʾw (u-)

Siberian

Yakut: уй (uy)

→ Turkish: oğan

Karakhanid: اُغَنْ (uɣan, “having power over all things”)

[script needed]

*u-gan (present participle); Khorezmian Turkic


ut-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ӑт (ăt)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: utmaq

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: udmaq

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: utmak, yutmak, ütmek

Salar: utğusı

Turkmen: utmak

Karluk:

Khorezmian Turkic:

Karakhanid: اُتْماقْ (utmaq)

Chagatai:

Uyghur: ئۇتماق (utmaq)

Uzbek: utmoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir:

Tatar: оту (otu)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: utmaq

Kumyk: утмакъ (utmaq)

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (ut-)

Karaim: [script needed] (ut-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: utw

Kazakh: ұту (ūtu)

Nogai: утув (utuv)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: уту (utu)

Southern Altai: удура (udura, “toward”), удурла- (udurla-, “to celebrate”), удур айт- (udur ayt-, “to protest”)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰆𐱃- (ut¹-)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ut-)

⇒ Western Yugur: [script needed] (utur)

North Siberian:

⇒ Yakut: утар (utar)

⇒ Dolgan: утар

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: [script needed] (ut-)

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (ut-)


bel-

→? Middle Mongol: [script needed] (belge)

→ Turkish: belge

→ Gagauz: belge

→ Azerbaijani: bəlgə

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *belig

Oghur:

Proto-Oghur:

Proto-Bulgar:

→ Hungarian: bélyeg

Volga Bulgar: بَلُو (belüv, “monument”)

Chuvash: палӑ (pală), паллӑ (pallă)

Danube Bulgar:

→ Old Church Slavonic: БЕЛЕГ (BELEG), БИЛЕГ (BILEG)

Bulgarian: белег (beleg)

Macedonian: белег (beleg)

Serbo-Croatian: белег

Common Turkic:

Oghuz: *belig, *beliglik, *beliglig

Old Anatolian Turkish: بللو (bellü)

Azerbaijani: bəlli

Gagauz: belli

Ottoman Turkish: بللی (belli), بللو (bellü)

Turkish: bel, bel etmek, bellik, belli

Turkmen: bellik, belli

⇒ Proto-Oghur: *belik

Chuvash: палӑк (palăk)

→ Eastern Mari: палык (palyk)

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *beligle-

Oghur:

Chuvash: палла (palla)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: بللولمك (bellülemek)

Azerbaijani: bəlləmək

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: bellemek

Turkmen: bellemek

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: белдеу (beldeu)

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *belgü

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: bəlgiyyə

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: belgi

Turkmen: belgi

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بَلْكُو (belgü), 𐽼𐽰𐾁𐽷𐽳 (pʾlkw /belgü/)

Uzbek: belgi

Uyghur: [script needed] (bälgü)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: билге (bilge)

Tatar: билге (bilge)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: belgi

Karaim: belgi

Kumyk: белги (belgi)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: belgi

Kazakh: белгі (belgı)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: белги (belgi)

Southern Altai: белги (belgi)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (belgü)

North Siberian:

Yakut: бэлиэ (belie)

⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *belgür-

Oghur:

Chuvash: палӑр (palăr)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: بلورمك (belürmek)

Azerbaijani: bəlirmək

Ottoman Turkish: بلورمك (belürmek, belirmek)

Turkish: belirmek

Karluk:

بَلْكُرْماكْ

Karakhanid: بَلْكُرْماكْ (belgürmek)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: билгереү (bilgerew)

Compare Middle Mongol [script needed] (belge).


tar-

Oghur:

⇒ Chuvash: [script needed] (torat)

Common Turkic:

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (tarmaq)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: (dial.) [script needed] (tar-)

South Kipchak

Kyrgyz-Kipchak

Southern Altai: тарат- (tarat-, “to scatter”)

⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *targa-

Oghuz:

Turkmen: dargamak

Proto-Oghuz: *tāga-, *tāgï-

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (tağılmaq), [script needed] (tağıtmaq)

Azerbaijani: dağılmaq, dağıtmaq (dağıd-)

Ottoman Turkish: طاغتمق (dağıtmak)

Gagauz: daalmaa, daatmaa

Turkish: dağılmak, dağıtmak

Salar: dağalğusı, dağanğusı, dağatğusı, dağağusı

Turkmen: dāgamak, dāgatmak (dāğad-)

Proto-Oghuz: *tarma-tāgïn

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: darmadağın, darbadağın

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: darmadağın

Kipchak

East Kipchak

Southern Altai: тарка- (tarka-, “to spread”)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Dolgan: [script needed] (targat-)

Yakut: тарҕаа (tarğaa)

⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *tarba-

Karluk:

Uzbek: tarvaymoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: [script needed] (tarba-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: tarbaw

Nogai: [script needed] (tarma-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: тарбоо (tarboo)

Southern Altai: тарма- (tarma-, “harrow, hill”)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (tarba-)

→? Mongolian: [script needed] (tarbayi-)

Kalmyk: дарвах (darvax)

Buryat: [script needed] (darbay-)

Daur: [script needed] (darbalǯi-)

(intransitive) to go apart, scatter, spread


kül-

külmek (infinitive)
külgen (participle present)
külügme (participle present)
külür (participle present)
kültük (participle past)
külmiš (participle past)
külteči (future participle)
külmekči (future participle)
külsik (future participle)
küleček (future participle)
külme (noun-from-verb)
külüg (noun-from-verb)
külgü (noun-from-verb)
külüš (adverbial)
külür ben (aorist indicative singular)
külür sen (aorist indicative singular)
külür (aorist indicative singular)
külür biz (aorist indicative plural)
külür siz (aorist indicative plural)
külür (aorist indicative plural)
kültüm (indicative past singular)
kültüŋ (indicative past singular)
külti (indicative past singular)
kültük (indicative past plural)
kültümüz (indicative past plural)
kültüŋüz (indicative past plural)
külti (indicative past plural)
külmiš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
külmiš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
külmiš (indicative inferential past singular)
külmiš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
külmiš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
külmiš (indicative inferential past plural)
külteči ben (future indicative singular)
külmekči ben (future indicative singular)
küleček ben (future indicative singular)
külteči sen (future indicative singular)
külmekči sen (future indicative singular)
küleček sen (future indicative singular)
külteči (future indicative singular)
külmekči (future indicative singular)
küleček (future indicative singular)
külteči biz (future indicative plural)
külmekči biz (future indicative plural)
küleček biz (future indicative plural)
külteči siz (future indicative plural)
külmekči siz (future indicative plural)
küleček siz (future indicative plural)
külteči (future indicative plural)
külmekči (future indicative plural)
küleček (future indicative plural)
külgey ben (future indicative singular)
külgey sen (future indicative singular)
külgey (future indicative singular)
külgey biz (future indicative plural)
külgey siz (future indicative plural)
külgey (future indicative plural)
külsüküm (future indicative singular)
külsüküŋ (future indicative singular)
külsük (future indicative singular)
külsükümüz (future indicative plural)
külsüküŋüz (future indicative plural)
külsük (future indicative plural)
külsem (conditional singular)
külser ben (conditional singular)
külseŋ (conditional singular)
külser sen (conditional singular)
külse (conditional singular)
külser (conditional singular)
külsek (conditional plural)
külsemiz (conditional plural)
külser biz (conditional plural)
külseŋiz (conditional plural)
külser siz (conditional plural)
külseler (conditional plural)
külser (conditional plural)
külgey ben (optative singular)
külgey sen (optative singular)
külgey (optative singular)
külgey biz (optative plural)
külgey siz (optative plural)
külgey (optative plural)
külmekde ben (progressive singular)
külmekde sen (progressive singular)
külmekde (progressive singular)
külmekde biz (plural progressive)
külmekde siz (plural progressive)
külmekde (plural progressive)
külmelig ben (necessitative singular)
külmelig sen (necessitative singular)
külmelig (necessitative singular)
külmelig biz (necessitative plural)
külmelig siz (necessitative plural)
külmelig (necessitative plural)
küleyin (imperative singular)
kül (imperative singular)
külgil (imperative singular)
külzün (imperative singular)
külelim (imperative plural)
külüŋ (imperative plural)
külzün (imperative plural)
külmemek (infinitive negative)
külmegen (negative participle present)
külmegme (negative participle present)
külmez (negative participle present)
külmedük (negative participle past)
külmemiš (negative participle past)
külmeči (future negative participle)
külmesik (future negative participle)
külmeyeček (future negative participle)
külmeme (negative noun-from-verb)
külmeg (negative noun-from-verb)
külmegü (negative noun-from-verb)
külmeyüš (adverbial negative)
külmez ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
külmez sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
külmez (aorist indicative negative singular)
külmez biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
külmez siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
külmez (aorist indicative negative plural)
külmedüm (indicative negative past singular)
külmedüŋ (indicative negative past singular)
külmedi (indicative negative past singular)
külmedük (indicative negative past plural)
külmedümüz (indicative negative past plural)
külmedüŋüz (indicative negative past plural)
külmedi (indicative negative past plural)
külmemiš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
külmemiš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
külmemiš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
külmemiš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
külmemiš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
külmemiš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
külmeči ben (future indicative negative singular)
külmeyeček ben (future indicative negative singular)
külmeči sen (future indicative negative singular)
külmeyeček sen (future indicative negative singular)
külmeči (future indicative negative singular)
külmeyeček (future indicative negative singular)
külmeči biz (future indicative negative plural)
külmeyeček biz (future indicative negative plural)
külmeči siz (future indicative negative plural)
külmeyeček siz (future indicative negative plural)
külmeči (future indicative negative plural)
külmeyeček (future indicative negative plural)
külmegey ben (future indicative negative singular)
külmegey sen (future indicative negative singular)
külmegey (future indicative negative singular)
külmegey biz (future indicative negative plural)
külmegey siz (future indicative negative plural)
külmegey (future indicative negative plural)
külmesüküm (future indicative negative singular)
külmesüküŋ (future indicative negative singular)
külmesük (future indicative negative singular)
külmesükümüz (future indicative negative plural)
külmesüküŋüz (future indicative negative plural)
külmesük (future indicative negative plural)
külmesem (conditional negative singular)
külmeser ben (conditional negative singular)
külmeseŋ (conditional negative singular)
külmeser sen (conditional negative singular)
külmese (conditional negative singular)
külmeser (conditional negative singular)
külmesek (conditional negative plural)
külmesemiz (conditional negative plural)
külmeser biz (conditional negative plural)
külmeseŋiz (conditional negative plural)
külmeser siz (conditional negative plural)
külmeseler (conditional negative plural)
külmeser (conditional negative plural)
külmegey ben (negative optative singular)
külmegey sen (negative optative singular)
külmegey (negative optative singular)
külmegey biz (negative optative plural)
külmegey siz (negative optative plural)
külmegey (negative optative plural)
külmemekde ben (negative progressive singular)
külmemekde sen (negative progressive singular)
külmemekde (negative progressive singular)
külmemekde biz (negative plural progressive)
külmemekde siz (negative plural progressive)
külmemekde (negative plural progressive)
külmemelig ben (necessitative negative singular)
külmemelig sen (necessitative negative singular)
külmemelig (necessitative negative singular)
külmemelig biz (necessitative negative plural)
külmemelig siz (necessitative negative plural)
külmemelig (necessitative negative plural)
külmeyeyin (imperative negative singular)
külme (imperative negative singular)
külmegil (imperative negative singular)
külmezün (imperative negative singular)
külmeyelim (imperative negative plural)
külmeyiŋ (imperative negative plural)
külmezün (imperative negative plural)

Oghur:

Chuvash: кул (kul)

Proto-Common Turkic: *kül-

Arghu:

Khalaj: külmək

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: gülmək

Ottoman Turkish: گولمك (“gülmek”)

Turkish: gülmek

Gagauz: gülmää

Salar: küligüsi

Turkmen: gülmek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: كُلْماكْ (külmēk)

Chagatai:

Uyghur: كۈلمەك (külmek)

Uzbek: kulmoq

Kipchak: [script needed] (kül-):

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: көлөү (kölöw)

Tatar: көлу (kölu)

West Kipchak:

Crimeaic-Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: külmek

Urum: гӱлиер (gülier)

Karachay-Balkar: кюлюрге (külürge)

Karaim: кӱл, kül

Kumyk: гюлмек (gülmek)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: күлу (külu)

Nogai: куьлуьв (külüv)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: күлүү (külüü)

Southern Altai: кӱлер (küler)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur:

Western Yugur: gul-

North Siberian:

Dolgan: күл

Yakut: күл (kül)

South Siberian:

Yeniseian Turkic:

Khakas: кӱлерге (külerge)

⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *kül-üm-si-n-

⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *kül-üm (“laughter”)

⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *kül-üm-si-r-e-

⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *kül-üm-si-r (“smiling”)

⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *kül-üĺč-üg

⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *kül-üĺč- (“to laugh together”)


kap-

Oghur:

Chuvash: хуп (hup)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: قَاپَامَقْ (qapamaq)

Azerbaijani: qapamaq

Gagauz: kapamaa

Ottoman Turkish: قاپامق (kapamak)

Turkish: kapamak

Turkmen: gapmak (dialect)

Not to be confused with Proto-Turkic *kāp (“sack”), *kāpla- (“to surround, cover”) (Turkmen gāplamak). (See also *topïk)
Compare Proto-Mongolic *kaxa- (“to hinder, close”).


kap-

Oghur:

Chuvash: хып (hyp)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: قَاپْمَقْ (qapmaq)

Azerbaijani: qapmaq

Gagauz: kapmaa

Ottoman Turkish: قاپمق (kapmak)

Turkish: kapmak

Turkmen: gapmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (qap-)

Uzbek: qopmoq

Uyghur: [script needed] (qapmaq)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: [script needed] (qap-)

Tatar: [script needed] (qap-)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: [script needed] (qap-)

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (qap-)

Karaim: [script needed] (qap-)

Kumyk: [script needed] (qap-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: qabıw

Kazakh: қабу (qabu)

Nogai: кабув (kabuv)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кабуу (kabuu)

Southern Altai: кабар (kabar, “to grasp, catch, take”)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (kap-)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (kap-)

North Siberian:

Yakut: хап (qap)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: [script needed] (qa'p-)

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (xap-)

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *kabči- (“to pinch, squeeze, grasp; to hold”).


at-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ывӑт (yvăt)

desc

Proto-Common Turkic: *at-
** Arghu:
*** Khalaj: hatmaq
** Proto-Oghuz: *at-
*** Old Anatolian Turkish:
**** Azerbaijani: atmaq
**** Ottoman Turkish: آتمق
***** Gagauz: atmaa
***** Turkish: atmak
*** Salar: atğusı
*** Turkmen: atmak
** Karluk:
*** Karakhanid: اتماق
**** Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (at-)
***** Chagatai: [script needed] (at-)
****** Uzbek: otmoq
****** Uyghur: ئاتماق (atmaq)
** Kipchak:
*** Kipchak:
**** North Kipchak:
***** Bashkir: атыу (atıw)
***** Tatar: ату (atu)
**** West Kipchak:
***** Crimean Tatar: atmaq
***** Kumyk: атмакъ (atmaq)
**** South Kipchak:
***** Caspian:
****** Karakalpak:
****** Kazakh: ату (atu)
****** Nogai: атув (atuv)
***** Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
****** Kyrgyz: атуу (atuu)
****** Southern Altai: адар (adar)
** Siberian:
*** Old Turkic:
**** Old Kirghiz: 𐱄 (t¹ /at-/)
***** Shor: [script needed] (at-)
***** Khakas: [script needed] (at-)
**** Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽰𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽷 (atmak)
***** Western Yugur: atqu (aʰt-)
**** Sayan:
***** Tofa:
***** Tuvan: адар (adar)
*** North Siberian:
**** Dolgan: ыт
**** Yakut: ыт (ıt)


bar-

Oghur:

Volga Bulgar: بَر (bar)

Chuvash: пыр (pyr)

Proto-Common Turkic: *bar-

Arghu:

Khalaj: varmaq

Oghuz:

Proto-Oghuz: *bar-

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (varmaq)

Azerbaijani: varmaq

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: وارمق (varmak)
Turkish: varmak

Salar: varğusı

Turkmen: barmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بَرْماقْ (barmaq)

Karakhanid: [script needed] (barmaq)

Chagatai: برماق (barmaq)

Uzbek: bormoq

Uyghur: بارماق (barmaq)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: برماق (barmaq)

North Kipchak

Bashkir: барыу (barıw)

Tatar: барырга (barırga)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: barmaq

Karachay-Balkar: барыргъа (barırğa)

Kumyk: бармакъ (barmaq)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: бару (baru)

Karakalpak: барыў

Nogai: барув (baruv)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: баруу (baruu)

Southern Altai: барар (barar)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰉𐰺 (b¹r¹ /bar-/)

Old Uyghur: 𐽼𐽰𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷 (barmak)

Western Yugur: par

North Siberian:

Dolgan: бар

Yakut: бар (bar)

South Siberian

Sayan:

Tuvan: баар (baar)

→? Salar: bār

Yenisei

Shor: пар

Khakas: пар (par)


isi-

Proto-Common Turkic:

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Bulgar:

Bashkir: эҫеү (eśew)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (isi-)

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: ысу (ysu)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: [script needed] (ısı-)

Southern Altai: изиир (iziir)

Karluk:

desc

Karakhanid: اِسٖیماكْ (ʾisīmʾk /isimek/)

Chagatai: ایسیماق (isimaq)

Uyghur: ئىسسىماق (issimaq)

Uzbek: isimoq


ak-

Ogur:

Chuvash: юх (juh)

Arghu:

⇒ Khalaj: aqqar

Proto-Oghuz: *ak-

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: axmaq

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: akmak

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: akymak

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ағыу (ağıw)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: агуу (aguu)

Southern Altai: агар (agar)


bog-

→? Proto-Mongolic: *boxa-

Mongolian: боох (boox)

Oghur:

Chuvash: пӑв (păv)

Common Turkic:

Proto-Oghuz: *boɣ-

West Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: boğmaq

Ottoman Turkish: بوغمق (boğmak)

Turkish: boğmak

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: bogmak

Karluk:

Uyghur: بوغۇلۇش (boghulush)

Uzbek: boʻgʻmoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: быуыу (bıwıw)

Tatar: буу (buwu)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: boğmaq

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: буу (buu)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: буу (buu)

Southern Altai: буур (buur)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (boɣ-)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: буой (buoy)

Yakut: буой (buoy, “to hinder, forbid, prohibit”)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas: поғырарға (poğırarğa)

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *boxa- and Proto-Tungusic *poga-.


ko-

Proto-Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: qômaq

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: قومق (qomaq, “to put”)

⇒ Gagauz: ko

Ottoman Turkish: قومق (komak, “to put”)

Turkish: komak (“to put”)

ko-d-

to put; see there for further descendants

ko-p

completely, wholly, entirely; see there for further descendants

konuĺč-ï

?) *kon-uĺč- (“to speak”) (see there for further descendants

neighbor, guest; see there for further descendants

kon-uk

Proto-Turkic: *ko-n- (“to settle; spend the night”) (see there for further descendants)


til-

tilmek (infinitive)
tilgen (participle present)
tiligme (participle present)
tilür (participle present)
tiltük (participle past)
tilmiš (participle past)
tilteči (future participle)
tilmekči (future participle)
tilsik (future participle)
tileček (future participle)
tilme (noun-from-verb)
tilig (noun-from-verb)
tilgü (noun-from-verb)
tiliš (adverbial)
tilür ben (aorist indicative singular)
tilür sen (aorist indicative singular)
tilür (aorist indicative singular)
tilür biz (aorist indicative plural)
tilür siz (aorist indicative plural)
tilür (aorist indicative plural)
tiltim (indicative past singular)
tiltiŋ (indicative past singular)
tilti (indicative past singular)
tiltik (indicative past plural)
tiltimiz (indicative past plural)
tiltiŋiz (indicative past plural)
tilti (indicative past plural)
tilmiš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
tilmiš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
tilmiš (indicative inferential past singular)
tilmiš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
tilmiš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
tilmiš (indicative inferential past plural)
tilteči ben (future indicative singular)
tilmekči ben (future indicative singular)
tileček ben (future indicative singular)
tilteči sen (future indicative singular)
tilmekči sen (future indicative singular)
tileček sen (future indicative singular)
tilteči (future indicative singular)
tilmekči (future indicative singular)
tileček (future indicative singular)
tilteči biz (future indicative plural)
tilmekči biz (future indicative plural)
tileček biz (future indicative plural)
tilteči siz (future indicative plural)
tilmekči siz (future indicative plural)
tileček siz (future indicative plural)
tilteči (future indicative plural)
tilmekči (future indicative plural)
tileček (future indicative plural)
tilgey ben (future indicative singular)
tilgey sen (future indicative singular)
tilgey (future indicative singular)
tilgey biz (future indicative plural)
tilgey siz (future indicative plural)
tilgey (future indicative plural)
tilsikim (future indicative singular)
tilsikiŋ (future indicative singular)
tilsik (future indicative singular)
tilsikimiz (future indicative plural)
tilsikiŋiz (future indicative plural)
tilsik (future indicative plural)
tilsem (conditional singular)
tilser ben (conditional singular)
tilseŋ (conditional singular)
tilser sen (conditional singular)
tilse (conditional singular)
tilser (conditional singular)
tilsek (conditional plural)
tilsemiz (conditional plural)
tilser biz (conditional plural)
tilseŋiz (conditional plural)
tilser siz (conditional plural)
tilseler (conditional plural)
tilser (conditional plural)
tilgey ben (optative singular)
tilgey sen (optative singular)
tilgey (optative singular)
tilgey biz (optative plural)
tilgey siz (optative plural)
tilgey (optative plural)
tilmekde ben (progressive singular)
tilmekde sen (progressive singular)
tilmekde (progressive singular)
tilmekde biz (plural progressive)
tilmekde siz (plural progressive)
tilmekde (plural progressive)
tilmelig ben (necessitative singular)
tilmelig sen (necessitative singular)
tilmelig (necessitative singular)
tilmelig biz (necessitative plural)
tilmelig siz (necessitative plural)
tilmelig (necessitative plural)
tileyin (imperative singular)
til (imperative singular)
tilgil (imperative singular)
tilzün (imperative singular)
tilelim (imperative plural)
tiliŋ (imperative plural)
tilzün (imperative plural)
tilmemek (infinitive negative)
tilmegen (negative participle present)
tilmegme (negative participle present)
tilmez (negative participle present)
tilmedük (negative participle past)
tilmemiš (negative participle past)
tilmeči (future negative participle)
tilmesik (future negative participle)
tilmeyeček (future negative participle)
tilmeme (negative noun-from-verb)
tilmeg (negative noun-from-verb)
tilmegü (negative noun-from-verb)
tilmeyiš (adverbial negative)
tilmez ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
tilmez sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
tilmez (aorist indicative negative singular)
tilmez biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
tilmez siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
tilmez (aorist indicative negative plural)
tilmedim (indicative negative past singular)
tilmediŋ (indicative negative past singular)
tilmedi (indicative negative past singular)
tilmedik (indicative negative past plural)
tilmedimiz (indicative negative past plural)
tilmediŋiz (indicative negative past plural)
tilmedi (indicative negative past plural)
tilmemiš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
tilmemiš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
tilmemiš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
tilmemiš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
tilmemiš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
tilmemiš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
tilmeči ben (future indicative negative singular)
tilmeyeček ben (future indicative negative singular)
tilmeči sen (future indicative negative singular)
tilmeyeček sen (future indicative negative singular)
tilmeči (future indicative negative singular)
tilmeyeček (future indicative negative singular)
tilmeči biz (future indicative negative plural)
tilmeyeček biz (future indicative negative plural)
tilmeči siz (future indicative negative plural)
tilmeyeček siz (future indicative negative plural)
tilmeči (future indicative negative plural)
tilmeyeček (future indicative negative plural)
tilmegey ben (future indicative negative singular)
tilmegey sen (future indicative negative singular)
tilmegey (future indicative negative singular)
tilmegey biz (future indicative negative plural)
tilmegey siz (future indicative negative plural)
tilmegey (future indicative negative plural)
tilmesikim (future indicative negative singular)
tilmesikiŋ (future indicative negative singular)
tilmesik (future indicative negative singular)
tilmesikimiz (future indicative negative plural)
tilmesikiŋiz (future indicative negative plural)
tilmesik (future indicative negative plural)
tilmesem (conditional negative singular)
tilmeser ben (conditional negative singular)
tilmeseŋ (conditional negative singular)
tilmeser sen (conditional negative singular)
tilmese (conditional negative singular)
tilmeser (conditional negative singular)
tilmesek (conditional negative plural)
tilmesemiz (conditional negative plural)
tilmeser biz (conditional negative plural)
tilmeseŋiz (conditional negative plural)
tilmeser siz (conditional negative plural)
tilmeseler (conditional negative plural)
tilmeser (conditional negative plural)
tilmegey ben (negative optative singular)
tilmegey sen (negative optative singular)
tilmegey (negative optative singular)
tilmegey biz (negative optative plural)
tilmegey siz (negative optative plural)
tilmegey (negative optative plural)
tilmemekde ben (negative progressive singular)
tilmemekde sen (negative progressive singular)
tilmemekde (negative progressive singular)
tilmemekde biz (negative plural progressive)
tilmemekde siz (negative plural progressive)
tilmemekde (negative plural progressive)
tilmemelig ben (necessitative negative singular)
tilmemelig sen (necessitative negative singular)
tilmemelig (necessitative negative singular)
tilmemelig biz (necessitative negative plural)
tilmemelig siz (necessitative negative plural)
tilmemelig (necessitative negative plural)
tilmeyeyin (imperative negative singular)
tilme (imperative negative singular)
tilmegil (imperative negative singular)
tilmezün (imperative negative singular)
tilmeyelim (imperative negative plural)
tilmeyiŋ (imperative negative plural)
tilmezün (imperative negative plural)

Oghur:

Chuvash: чĕл (čĕl)

Proto-Common Turkic: *til-

Proto-Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (dilmek)

Turkish: dilmek

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: dilmek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (tilmēk)

Uyghur: [script needed] (tilmek)

Uzbek: tilmoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: телеу (telew)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: тилерге (tilerge)

Kumyk: тилмек (tilmek)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: tiliw

Kazakh: тілу (tılu)

Nogai: тилмек (tilmek)

East Kipchak

Southern Altai: тилер (tiler)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: дилер (diler)

Yeniseian Turkic:

Shor: тилерге (tilerge)


tep-

Oghur:

Chuvash: тап (tap)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: دپمك (depmek)

Azerbaijani: təpmək

Gagauz: tepmää

Ottoman Turkish: دپمك (depmek), تپمك (tepmek)

Turkish: tepmek

Turkmen: depmek

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Bulgar:

Bashkir: тибергә (tibergə)

Tatar: тибү (tibü)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: tepmek

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: тебу (tebu)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: тебүү (tebüü)

Southern Altai: тебер (teber)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: تَبْماكْ (tepmek)

Chagatai:

Uyghur: تەپمەك (tepmek)

Uzbek: tepmoq

Siberian Turkic:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tep-)

North Siberian Turkic:

Yakut: тэп (tep)

South Siberian Turkic:

Sayan:

Tuvan: тегер (teger)


id-

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: iymek (dialectal)


us-

us- (canonical)
os- (canonical)
usmak (infinitive)
usgan (participle present)
usugma (participle present)
usar (participle present)
usduk (participle past)
usmïš (participle past)
usdačï (future participle)
usmakčï (future participle)
ussïk (future participle)
usačak (future participle)
usma (noun-from-verb)
usug (noun-from-verb)
usgu (noun-from-verb)
usuš (adverbial)
usar ben (aorist indicative singular)
usar sen (aorist indicative singular)
usar (aorist indicative singular)
usar biz (aorist indicative plural)
usar siz (aorist indicative plural)
usar (aorist indicative plural)
usdum (indicative past singular)
usduŋ (indicative past singular)
usdï (indicative past singular)
usduk (indicative past plural)
usdumuz (indicative past plural)
usduŋuz (indicative past plural)
usdï (indicative past plural)
usmïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
usmïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
usmïš (indicative inferential past singular)
usmïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
usmïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
usmïš (indicative inferential past plural)
usdačï ben (future indicative singular)
usmakčï ben (future indicative singular)
usačak ben (future indicative singular)
usdačï sen (future indicative singular)
usmakčï sen (future indicative singular)
usačak sen (future indicative singular)
usdačï (future indicative singular)
usmakčï (future indicative singular)
usačak (future indicative singular)
usdačï biz (future indicative plural)
usmakčï biz (future indicative plural)
usačak biz (future indicative plural)
usdačï siz (future indicative plural)
usmakčï siz (future indicative plural)
usačak siz (future indicative plural)
usdačï (future indicative plural)
usmakčï (future indicative plural)
usačak (future indicative plural)
usgay ben (future indicative singular)
usgay sen (future indicative singular)
usgay (future indicative singular)
usgay biz (future indicative plural)
usgay siz (future indicative plural)
usgay (future indicative plural)
ussukum (future indicative singular)
ussukuŋ (future indicative singular)
ussuk (future indicative singular)
ussukumuz (future indicative plural)
ussukuŋuz (future indicative plural)
ussuk (future indicative plural)
ussam (conditional singular)
ussar ben (conditional singular)
ussaŋ (conditional singular)
ussar sen (conditional singular)
ussa (conditional singular)
ussar (conditional singular)
ussak (conditional plural)
ussamïz (conditional plural)
ussar biz (conditional plural)
ussaŋïz (conditional plural)
ussar siz (conditional plural)
ussalar (conditional plural)
ussar (conditional plural)
usgay ben (optative singular)
usgay sen (optative singular)
usgay (optative singular)
usgay biz (optative plural)
usgay siz (optative plural)
usgay (optative plural)
usmakda ben (progressive singular)
usmakda sen (progressive singular)
usmakda (progressive singular)
usmakda biz (plural progressive)
usmakda siz (plural progressive)
usmakda (plural progressive)
usmalïg ben (necessitative singular)
usmalïg sen (necessitative singular)
usmalïg (necessitative singular)
usmalïg biz (necessitative plural)
usmalïg siz (necessitative plural)
usmalïg (necessitative plural)
usayïn (imperative singular)
us (imperative singular)
usgïl (imperative singular)
uszun (imperative singular)
usalïm (imperative plural)
usuŋ (imperative plural)
uszun (imperative plural)
usmamak (infinitive negative)
usmagan (negative participle present)
usmagma (negative participle present)
usmaz (negative participle present)
usmaduk (negative participle past)
usmamïš (negative participle past)
usmačï (future negative participle)
usmasïk (future negative participle)
usmayačak (future negative participle)
usmama (negative noun-from-verb)
usmag (negative noun-from-verb)
usmagu (negative noun-from-verb)
usmayuš (adverbial negative)
usmaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
usmaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
usmaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
usmaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
usmaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
usmaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
usmadum (indicative negative past singular)
usmaduŋ (indicative negative past singular)
usmadï (indicative negative past singular)
usmaduk (indicative negative past plural)
usmadumuz (indicative negative past plural)
usmaduŋuz (indicative negative past plural)
usmadï (indicative negative past plural)
usmamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
usmamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
usmamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
usmamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
usmamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
usmamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
usmačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
usmayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
usmačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
usmayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
usmačï (future indicative negative singular)
usmayačak (future indicative negative singular)
usmačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
usmayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
usmačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
usmayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
usmačï (future indicative negative plural)
usmayačak (future indicative negative plural)
usmagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
usmagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
usmagay (future indicative negative singular)
usmagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
usmagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
usmagay (future indicative negative plural)
usmasukum (future indicative negative singular)
usmasukuŋ (future indicative negative singular)
usmasuk (future indicative negative singular)
usmasukumuz (future indicative negative plural)
usmasukuŋuz (future indicative negative plural)
usmasuk (future indicative negative plural)
usmasam (conditional negative singular)
usmasar ben (conditional negative singular)
usmasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
usmasar sen (conditional negative singular)
usmasa (conditional negative singular)
usmasar (conditional negative singular)
usmasak (conditional negative plural)
usmasamïz (conditional negative plural)
usmasar biz (conditional negative plural)
usmasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
usmasar siz (conditional negative plural)
usmasalar (conditional negative plural)
usmasar (conditional negative plural)
usmagay ben (negative optative singular)
usmagay sen (negative optative singular)
usmagay (negative optative singular)
usmagay biz (negative optative plural)
usmagay siz (negative optative plural)
usmagay (negative optative plural)
usmamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
usmamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
usmamakda (negative progressive singular)
usmamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
usmamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
usmamakda (negative plural progressive)
usmamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
usmamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
usmamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
usmamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
usmamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
usmamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
usmayayïn (imperative negative singular)
usma (imperative negative singular)
usmagïl (imperative negative singular)
usmazun (imperative negative singular)
usmayalïm (imperative negative plural)
usmayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
usmazun (imperative negative plural)

Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk
tr:Ahmet_Bican_Ercilasun
tr:Besim Atalay

Common Turkic:

Oghuz: اُسْماقْ (osmāk) or اُسْماقْ (usmāk)

Old Anatolian Turkish: اوصماق

⇒? Azerbaijani: yosma

Ottoman Turkish: يوصماق

Turkish: osmak, yosmak, usmak

⇒? Turkish: yosma

→? Crimean Tatar: yosma

Turkmen: osmak

Usually read as *us- however Ercilasun argues against this and suggests *os- instead, compare also *osug (“a way of doing something; comparison between two objects; the changing of one object to another”).
If the above is true the homophonous *us (“mind”) is unrelated.

osug

way of doing something; comparison; change


us-

usmak (infinitive)
usgan (participle present)
usugma (participle present)
usar (participle present)
usduk (participle past)
usmïš (participle past)
usdačï (future participle)
usmakčï (future participle)
ussïk (future participle)
usačak (future participle)
usma (noun-from-verb)
usug (noun-from-verb)
usgu (noun-from-verb)
usuš (adverbial)
usar ben (aorist indicative singular)
usar sen (aorist indicative singular)
usar (aorist indicative singular)
usar biz (aorist indicative plural)
usar siz (aorist indicative plural)
usar (aorist indicative plural)
usdum (indicative past singular)
usduŋ (indicative past singular)
usdï (indicative past singular)
usduk (indicative past plural)
usdumuz (indicative past plural)
usduŋuz (indicative past plural)
usdï (indicative past plural)
usmïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
usmïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
usmïš (indicative inferential past singular)
usmïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
usmïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
usmïš (indicative inferential past plural)
usdačï ben (future indicative singular)
usmakčï ben (future indicative singular)
usačak ben (future indicative singular)
usdačï sen (future indicative singular)
usmakčï sen (future indicative singular)
usačak sen (future indicative singular)
usdačï (future indicative singular)
usmakčï (future indicative singular)
usačak (future indicative singular)
usdačï biz (future indicative plural)
usmakčï biz (future indicative plural)
usačak biz (future indicative plural)
usdačï siz (future indicative plural)
usmakčï siz (future indicative plural)
usačak siz (future indicative plural)
usdačï (future indicative plural)
usmakčï (future indicative plural)
usačak (future indicative plural)
usgay ben (future indicative singular)
usgay sen (future indicative singular)
usgay (future indicative singular)
usgay biz (future indicative plural)
usgay siz (future indicative plural)
usgay (future indicative plural)
ussukum (future indicative singular)
ussukuŋ (future indicative singular)
ussuk (future indicative singular)
ussukumuz (future indicative plural)
ussukuŋuz (future indicative plural)
ussuk (future indicative plural)
ussam (conditional singular)
ussar ben (conditional singular)
ussaŋ (conditional singular)
ussar sen (conditional singular)
ussa (conditional singular)
ussar (conditional singular)
ussak (conditional plural)
ussamïz (conditional plural)
ussar biz (conditional plural)
ussaŋïz (conditional plural)
ussar siz (conditional plural)
ussalar (conditional plural)
ussar (conditional plural)
usgay ben (optative singular)
usgay sen (optative singular)
usgay (optative singular)
usgay biz (optative plural)
usgay siz (optative plural)
usgay (optative plural)
usmakda ben (progressive singular)
usmakda sen (progressive singular)
usmakda (progressive singular)
usmakda biz (plural progressive)
usmakda siz (plural progressive)
usmakda (plural progressive)
usmalïg ben (necessitative singular)
usmalïg sen (necessitative singular)
usmalïg (necessitative singular)
usmalïg biz (necessitative plural)
usmalïg siz (necessitative plural)
usmalïg (necessitative plural)
usayïn (imperative singular)
us (imperative singular)
usgïl (imperative singular)
uszun (imperative singular)
usalïm (imperative plural)
usuŋ (imperative plural)
uszun (imperative plural)
usmamak (infinitive negative)
usmagan (negative participle present)
usmagma (negative participle present)
usmaz (negative participle present)
usmaduk (negative participle past)
usmamïš (negative participle past)
usmačï (future negative participle)
usmasïk (future negative participle)
usmayačak (future negative participle)
usmama (negative noun-from-verb)
usmag (negative noun-from-verb)
usmagu (negative noun-from-verb)
usmayuš (adverbial negative)
usmaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
usmaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
usmaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
usmaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
usmaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
usmaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
usmadum (indicative negative past singular)
usmaduŋ (indicative negative past singular)
usmadï (indicative negative past singular)
usmaduk (indicative negative past plural)
usmadumuz (indicative negative past plural)
usmaduŋuz (indicative negative past plural)
usmadï (indicative negative past plural)
usmamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
usmamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
usmamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
usmamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
usmamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
usmamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
usmačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
usmayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
usmačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
usmayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
usmačï (future indicative negative singular)
usmayačak (future indicative negative singular)
usmačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
usmayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
usmačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
usmayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
usmačï (future indicative negative plural)
usmayačak (future indicative negative plural)
usmagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
usmagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
usmagay (future indicative negative singular)
usmagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
usmagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
usmagay (future indicative negative plural)
usmasukum (future indicative negative singular)
usmasukuŋ (future indicative negative singular)
usmasuk (future indicative negative singular)
usmasukumuz (future indicative negative plural)
usmasukuŋuz (future indicative negative plural)
usmasuk (future indicative negative plural)
usmasam (conditional negative singular)
usmasar ben (conditional negative singular)
usmasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
usmasar sen (conditional negative singular)
usmasa (conditional negative singular)
usmasar (conditional negative singular)
usmasak (conditional negative plural)
usmasamïz (conditional negative plural)
usmasar biz (conditional negative plural)
usmasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
usmasar siz (conditional negative plural)
usmasalar (conditional negative plural)
usmasar (conditional negative plural)
usmagay ben (negative optative singular)
usmagay sen (negative optative singular)
usmagay (negative optative singular)
usmagay biz (negative optative plural)
usmagay siz (negative optative plural)
usmagay (negative optative plural)
usmamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
usmamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
usmamakda (negative progressive singular)
usmamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
usmamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
usmamakda (negative plural progressive)
usmamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
usmamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
usmamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
usmamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
usmamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
usmamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
usmayayïn (imperative negative singular)
usma (imperative negative singular)
usmagïl (imperative negative singular)
usmazun (imperative negative singular)
usmayalïm (imperative negative plural)
usmayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
usmazun (imperative negative plural)

Common Turkic:

Karluk: اُسْماقْ (usmāk)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: ʾws (us-)

Western Yugur: oʰs-

Räsänen suggets a possible relation with Proto-Mongolic *usun (“water”).


tu-

tumak (infinitive)
tugan (participle present)
tugma (participle present)
tur (participle present)
tuduk (participle past)
tumïš (participle past)
tudačï (future participle)
tumakčï (future participle)
tusïk (future participle)
tuyačak (future participle)
tuma (noun-from-verb)
tug (noun-from-verb)
tugu (noun-from-verb)
tuš (adverbial)
tur ben (aorist indicative singular)
tur sen (aorist indicative singular)
tur (aorist indicative singular)
tur biz (aorist indicative plural)
tur siz (aorist indicative plural)
tur (aorist indicative plural)
tudum (indicative past singular)
tuduŋ (indicative past singular)
tudï (indicative past singular)
tuduk (indicative past plural)
tudumuz (indicative past plural)
tuduŋuz (indicative past plural)
tudï (indicative past plural)
tumïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
tumïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
tumïš (indicative inferential past singular)
tumïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
tumïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
tumïš (indicative inferential past plural)
tudačï ben (future indicative singular)
tumakčï ben (future indicative singular)
tuyačak ben (future indicative singular)
tudačï sen (future indicative singular)
tumakčï sen (future indicative singular)
tuyačak sen (future indicative singular)
tudačï (future indicative singular)
tumakčï (future indicative singular)
tuyačak (future indicative singular)
tudačï biz (future indicative plural)
tumakčï biz (future indicative plural)
tuyačak biz (future indicative plural)
tudačï siz (future indicative plural)
tumakčï siz (future indicative plural)
tuyačak siz (future indicative plural)
tudačï (future indicative plural)
tumakčï (future indicative plural)
tuyačak (future indicative plural)
tugay ben (future indicative singular)
tugay sen (future indicative singular)
tugay (future indicative singular)
tugay biz (future indicative plural)
tugay siz (future indicative plural)
tugay (future indicative plural)
tusukum (future indicative singular)
tusukuŋ (future indicative singular)
tusuk (future indicative singular)
tusukumuz (future indicative plural)
tusukuŋuz (future indicative plural)
tusuk (future indicative plural)
tusam (conditional singular)
tusar ben (conditional singular)
tusaŋ (conditional singular)
tusar sen (conditional singular)
tusa (conditional singular)
tusar (conditional singular)
tusak (conditional plural)
tusamïz (conditional plural)
tusar biz (conditional plural)
tusaŋïz (conditional plural)
tusar siz (conditional plural)
tusalar (conditional plural)
tusar (conditional plural)
tugay ben (optative singular)
tugay sen (optative singular)
tugay (optative singular)
tugay biz (optative plural)
tugay siz (optative plural)
tugay (optative plural)
tumakda ben (progressive singular)
tumakda sen (progressive singular)
tumakda (progressive singular)
tumakda biz (plural progressive)
tumakda siz (plural progressive)
tumakda (plural progressive)
tumalïg ben (necessitative singular)
tumalïg sen (necessitative singular)
tumalïg (necessitative singular)
tumalïg biz (necessitative plural)
tumalïg siz (necessitative plural)
tumalïg (necessitative plural)
tuyayïn (imperative singular)
tu (imperative singular)
tugïl (imperative singular)
tuzun (imperative singular)
tuyalïm (imperative plural)
tuyuŋ (imperative plural)
tuzun (imperative plural)
tumamak (infinitive negative)
tumagan (negative participle present)
tumagma (negative participle present)
tumaz (negative participle present)
tumaduk (negative participle past)
tumamïš (negative participle past)
tumačï (future negative participle)
tumasïk (future negative participle)
tumayačak (future negative participle)
tumama (negative noun-from-verb)
tumag (negative noun-from-verb)
tumagu (negative noun-from-verb)
tumaš (adverbial negative)
tumaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
tumaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
tumaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
tumaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
tumaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
tumaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
tumadum (indicative negative past singular)
tumaduŋ (indicative negative past singular)
tumadï (indicative negative past singular)
tumaduk (indicative negative past plural)
tumadumuz (indicative negative past plural)
tumaduŋuz (indicative negative past plural)
tumadï (indicative negative past plural)
tumamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
tumamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
tumamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
tumamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
tumamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
tumamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
tumačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
tumayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
tumačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
tumayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
tumačï (future indicative negative singular)
tumayačak (future indicative negative singular)
tumačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
tumayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
tumačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
tumayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
tumačï (future indicative negative plural)
tumayačak (future indicative negative plural)
tumagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
tumagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
tumagay (future indicative negative singular)
tumagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
tumagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
tumagay (future indicative negative plural)
tumasukum (future indicative negative singular)
tumasukuŋ (future indicative negative singular)
tumasuk (future indicative negative singular)
tumasukumuz (future indicative negative plural)
tumasukuŋuz (future indicative negative plural)
tumasuk (future indicative negative plural)
tumasam (conditional negative singular)
tumasar ben (conditional negative singular)
tumasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
tumasar sen (conditional negative singular)
tumasa (conditional negative singular)
tumasar (conditional negative singular)
tumasak (conditional negative plural)
tumasamïz (conditional negative plural)
tumasar biz (conditional negative plural)
tumasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
tumasar siz (conditional negative plural)
tumasalar (conditional negative plural)
tumasar (conditional negative plural)
tumagay ben (negative optative singular)
tumagay sen (negative optative singular)
tumagay (negative optative singular)
tumagay biz (negative optative plural)
tumagay siz (negative optative plural)
tumagay (negative optative plural)
tumamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
tumamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
tumamakda (negative progressive singular)
tumamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
tumamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
tumamakda (negative plural progressive)
tumamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
tumamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
tumamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
tumamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
tumamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
tumamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
tumayayïn (imperative negative singular)
tuma (imperative negative singular)
tumagïl (imperative negative singular)
tumazun (imperative negative singular)
tumayalïm (imperative negative plural)
tumayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
tumazun (imperative negative plural)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (tuncukmak), [script needed] (dunukmak)

Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (duncukmak), [script needed] (tuncukmak), [script needed] (tunukmak), [script needed] (dulunmak/tulunmak)

Turkish: duncukmak, tuncumak, tuncukmak, tuncukdurmak, dulunmak (all are dialectal)

Salar: dumğusı

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (tumaq), [script needed] (tunmaq), [script needed] (tunturmaq)

Uyghur: [script needed] (tunçuk-)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: [script needed] (tu-)

North Kipchak:

Tatar: [script needed] (ton-)

West Kipchak:

Karaim: [script needed] (tudjur-)

Kumyk: [script needed] (tunçuk-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: тұну (tūnu), тұнжырау (tūnjyrau), тұнық (tūnyq)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: тунуу (tunuu), тунаруу (tunaruu), тундуруу (tunduruu)

Southern Altai: тунар (tunar, “to put”), тундырар (tundïrar)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐱃𐰆 (t¹u)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tu-)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: [script needed] (dun-)

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (tun-)

⇒? Proto-Common Turkic: *tu-mak (“hat, cap”)

(Common Turkic, transitive) to close, occlude


ač-

Oghur:

Chuvash: уҫ (uś)

Proto-Common Turkic: *ač-

Atghi:

Khalaj: haçmaq

Proto-Oghuz: *ač-

Old Anatolian Turkish: آچْمَقْ (açmaq)

Azerbaijani: açmaq

Gagauz: açmaa

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: آچمق (açmak)
Turkish: açmak

East Oghuz:

Salar: aşğusı

Turkmen: açmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اَچْماقْ (ačmāq)

desc

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (ačmaq)

Chagatai: اچماق (ačmaq)

Uzbek: ochmoq

Uyghur: ئاچماق (achmaq)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: اچماق (açmaq)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: асыу (asıw)

Tatar: ачарга (açarga)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: açmaq

Karachay-Balkar: ачаргъа (açarğa)

Kumyk: ачмакъ (açmaq)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: ашу (aşu)

Karakalpak: ashıw

Nogai: ашув (aşuv)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: ачуу (acuu)

Southern Altai: ачар (ačar)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰲 (ač)

Old Uyghur:

Western Yugur: ač-, aš-

Northern Siberian:

Dolgan: ас (as) → аһагас (ahagas)

Yakut: ас (as) → аһаҕас (ahağas)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tofa: аһяр (ahar)

Tuvan: ажар (ajar)

Yenisei Turkic:

Shor: ажарға (ažarğa)

Khakas: азарға (azarğa)


bulga-

Oghur:

Chuvash: пӑлхан (pălh̬an, “to become turbid”)

→? Hungarian: bolygat (“to bother; to create disorder”), bolyong (“to wander, walk without a destination”)

Proto-Common Turkic: *bulga-

Arghu:

Khalaj: bulğamaq

Proto-Oghuz: *bulɣa-

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: بُولَمَقْ (bulamaq)

Azerbaijani: bulamaq

Gagauz: bulamaa

Ottoman Turkish: بولامق (bulamak)

Turkish: bulamak

East Oghuz:

Salar: bulğïla-

Turkmen: bulamak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بُلْغاماقْ (bulɣāmāq)

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (bulğamaq)

Chagatai: بولغاماق (bulğamaq)

Uzbek: bulgʻamoq

Uyghur: بۇلغىماق (bulghimaq)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: بولغاماق (bulğamaq)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: болғау (bolğaw)

Tatar: болгау (bolgaw)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: bulğamaq

Karaim: булгъа-, bulgamach

Kumyk: булгъамакъ (bulğamaq)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: бұлғау (būlğau)

Nogai: булгав (bulgav)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: булгоо (bulgoo)

Southern Altai: булгаар (bulgaar)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰍𐰀 (b¹ul¹ǧa /bulɣa-/)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (bulɣa-)

Western Yugur: pula-

North Siberian:

Dolgan: булкуй

Yakut: булаа (bulaa)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: былгаар (bılgaar)

Yenisei:

Khakas: пулғирға (pulğirğa)

Northern Altai: булгаар (bulgaar), пулгайарга (pulgayarga)

(transitive) to produce a state of disorder


bodu-

trk-cmn-conj-head

bodudačï ben, bodumakčï ben, boduyačak ben

bodudačï sen, bodumakčï sen, boduyačak sen

bodudačï biz, bodumakčï biz, boduyačak biz

bodudačï siz, bodumakčï siz, boduyačak siz

bodumak (infinitive)
bodugan (participle present)
bodugma (participle present)
bodur (participle present)
boduduk (participle past)
bodumïš (participle past)
bodudačï (future participle)
bodumakčï (future participle)
bodusïk (future participle)
boduyačak (future participle)
boduma (noun-from-verb)
bodug (noun-from-verb)
bodugu (noun-from-verb)
boduš (adverbial)
bodur ben (aorist indicative singular)
bodur sen (aorist indicative singular)
bodur (aorist indicative singular)
bodur biz (aorist indicative plural)
bodur siz (aorist indicative plural)
bodur (aorist indicative plural)
bodudum (indicative past singular)
boduduŋ (indicative past singular)
bodudï (indicative past singular)
boduduk (indicative past plural)
bodudumuz (indicative past plural)
boduduŋuz (indicative past plural)
bodudï (indicative past plural)
bodumïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
bodumïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
bodumïš (indicative inferential past singular)
bodumïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
bodumïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
bodumïš (indicative inferential past plural)
bodudačï ben (future indicative singular)
bodumakčï ben (future indicative singular)
boduyačak ben (future indicative singular)
bodudačï sen (future indicative singular)
bodumakčï sen (future indicative singular)
boduyačak sen (future indicative singular)
bodudačï (future indicative singular)
bodumakčï (future indicative singular)
boduyačak (future indicative singular)
bodudačï biz (future indicative plural)
bodumakčï biz (future indicative plural)
boduyačak biz (future indicative plural)
bodudačï siz (future indicative plural)
bodumakčï siz (future indicative plural)
boduyačak siz (future indicative plural)
bodudačï (future indicative plural)
bodumakčï (future indicative plural)
boduyačak (future indicative plural)
bodugay ben (future indicative singular)
bodugay sen (future indicative singular)
bodugay (future indicative singular)
bodugay biz (future indicative plural)
bodugay siz (future indicative plural)
bodugay (future indicative plural)
bodusukum (future indicative singular)
bodusukuŋ (future indicative singular)
bodusuk (future indicative singular)
bodusukumuz (future indicative plural)
bodusukuŋuz (future indicative plural)
bodusuk (future indicative plural)
bodusam (conditional singular)
bodusar ben (conditional singular)
bodusaŋ (conditional singular)
bodusar sen (conditional singular)
bodusa (conditional singular)
bodusar (conditional singular)
bodusak (conditional plural)
bodusamïz (conditional plural)
bodusar biz (conditional plural)
bodusaŋïz (conditional plural)
bodusar siz (conditional plural)
bodusalar (conditional plural)
bodusar (conditional plural)
bodugay ben (optative singular)
bodugay sen (optative singular)
bodugay (optative singular)
bodugay biz (optative plural)
bodugay siz (optative plural)
bodugay (optative plural)
bodumakda ben (progressive singular)
bodumakda sen (progressive singular)
bodumakda (progressive singular)
bodumakda biz (plural progressive)
bodumakda siz (plural progressive)
bodumakda (plural progressive)
bodumalïg ben (necessitative singular)
bodumalïg sen (necessitative singular)
bodumalïg (necessitative singular)
bodumalïg biz (necessitative plural)
bodumalïg siz (necessitative plural)
bodumalïg (necessitative plural)
boduyayïn (imperative singular)
bodu (imperative singular)
bodugïl (imperative singular)
boduzun (imperative singular)
boduyalïm (imperative plural)
boduyuŋ (imperative plural)
boduzun (imperative plural)
bodumamak (infinitive negative)
bodumagan (negative participle present)
bodumagma (negative participle present)
bodumaz (negative participle present)
bodumaduk (negative participle past)
bodumamïš (negative participle past)
bodumačï (future negative participle)
bodumasïk (future negative participle)
bodumayačak (future negative participle)
bodumama (negative noun-from-verb)
bodumag (negative noun-from-verb)
bodumagu (negative noun-from-verb)
bodumaš (adverbial negative)
bodumaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
bodumaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
bodumaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
bodumaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
bodumaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
bodumaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
bodumadum (indicative negative past singular)
bodumaduŋ (indicative negative past singular)
bodumadï (indicative negative past singular)
bodumaduk (indicative negative past plural)
bodumadumuz (indicative negative past plural)
bodumaduŋuz (indicative negative past plural)
bodumadï (indicative negative past plural)
bodumamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
bodumamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
bodumamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
bodumamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
bodumamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
bodumamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
bodumačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
bodumayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
bodumačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
bodumayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
bodumačï (future indicative negative singular)
bodumayačak (future indicative negative singular)
bodumačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
bodumayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
bodumačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
bodumayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
bodumačï (future indicative negative plural)
bodumayačak (future indicative negative plural)
bodumagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
bodumagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
bodumagay (future indicative negative singular)
bodumagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
bodumagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
bodumagay (future indicative negative plural)
bodumasukum (future indicative negative singular)
bodumasukuŋ (future indicative negative singular)
bodumasuk (future indicative negative singular)
bodumasukumuz (future indicative negative plural)
bodumasukuŋuz (future indicative negative plural)
bodumasuk (future indicative negative plural)
bodumasam (conditional negative singular)
bodumasar ben (conditional negative singular)
bodumasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
bodumasar sen (conditional negative singular)
bodumasa (conditional negative singular)
bodumasar (conditional negative singular)
bodumasak (conditional negative plural)
bodumasamïz (conditional negative plural)
bodumasar biz (conditional negative plural)
bodumasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
bodumasar siz (conditional negative plural)
bodumasalar (conditional negative plural)
bodumasar (conditional negative plural)
bodumagay ben (negative optative singular)
bodumagay sen (negative optative singular)
bodumagay (negative optative singular)
bodumagay biz (negative optative plural)
bodumagay siz (negative optative plural)
bodumagay (negative optative plural)
bodumamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
bodumamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
bodumamakda (negative progressive singular)
bodumamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
bodumamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
bodumamakda (negative plural progressive)
bodumamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
bodumamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
bodumamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
bodumamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
bodumamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
bodumamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
bodumayayïn (imperative negative singular)
boduma (imperative negative singular)
bodumagïl (imperative negative singular)
bodumazun (imperative negative singular)
bodumayalïm (imperative negative plural)
bodumayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
bodumazun (imperative negative plural)

→ Proto-Mongolic: *buda-

Mongolian: будах (budax)

Oghur:

Chuvash: пӗве (pĕve), пӗвет (pĕvet)

Proto-Common Turkic: *bodu-, *boda-

Arghu:

Khalaj: bodamaq

Proto-Oghuz: *boya-

West Oghuz:

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (boyamaq)

Azerbaijani: boyamaq

Ottoman Turkish: بویامق (boyamak)

Gagauz: boyamaa

Turkish: boyamak

East Oghuz:

Salar: boyağusı

Turkmen: boýamak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بُذوُماقْ (boδūmāq)

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (boya-)

Chagatai: بويماق (boyamaq)

Uzbek: boʻyamoq

Uyghur: بويىماق (boyimaq)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: بويماق (boyamaq)

North Kypchak:

Bashkir: буяу (buyaw)

Tatar: буярга (buyarga)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: boyamaq

Karachay-Balkar: бояргъа (boyarğa)

Karaim: [script needed] (boya-)

Kumyk: боямакъ (boyamaq)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: бояу (boäu)

Karakalpak: boyaw

Nogai: бояв (boyav)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: боёо (boyoo)

Southern Altai: бойор (boyor), бойо- (boyo-) (dialectal, Teleut)

Siberian Turkic:

Old Uyghur: 𐽼𐽳𐽸𐽳𐽹𐽰𐽲 (pwdwmʾq /bodumaḳ/)

North Siberian:

Yakut: бутуй (butuy)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: будуур (buduur)

Uncertain. Perhaps a denominal verb, for which compare Old Uyghur بوى (boy, “paint, color”).


ūdï-

Arghu:

Khalaj: ûdımaq

Oghuz

Azerbaijani: uyumaq

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: اویومق (uyumak)
Gagauz: uyumaa
Turkish: uyumak

Karluk

Karakhanid: اُذِيماقْ (uδï̄māq)

Chagatai: اویوماق (uyumaq)

Kipchak: [script needed] (ūyī-)

Khorezmian: اوذیماق (uðımaq)

North Kipchak

Bashkir: ойоу (oyow, “sleep lightly”)

Siberian

Old Turkic: 𐰆𐰑𐰃 (udï-)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (udï-)

North Siberian

Yakut: утуй (utuy)

Dolgan: утуй (utuy)

South Siberian

Khakas: узирға (uzirğa)

Tuvan: удуур (uduur)


sač-

Common Turkic:

Medieval

Karakhanid: سَجْماقْ (sačmāq)

Old Turkic:

Old Turkic: 𐰽𐰲 (sač-)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (sač-)

Khorezmian: [script needed] (sač-)

Kipchak: [script needed] (sač-)

Karluk:

Chagatai: [script needed] (sačmaq)

Uyghur: چاچماق (chachmaq)

Uzbek: sochmoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: сәсеү (səsew)

desc

Tatar: чәчү (çäçü)

Tatar: чәчү (çäçü)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: шашу (şaşu)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: чачуу (cacuu)

Southern Altai: чачар (čačar)

Arghu:

Khalaj: saçmaq

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: saçmaq

Ottoman Turkish: صاچمق (saçmak)

Turkish: saçmak

Turkmen: saçmak

Siberian:

North Kipchak:

Dolgan: ыс

Yakut: ыс (ıs)

South Kipchak:

Khakas: сазарға (sazarğa)

Tuvan: чажар (çajar)

?→ Proto-Mongolic: *saču-

Proto-Common Turkic: *sač(ï)ra-

Oghuz: *sïčra-

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: sıçramaq

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: صچرامق (sıçramak), صیچرامق (sıçramak)
Turkish: sıçramak

Salar: siçirağusı

Turkmen: syçramak

Kipchak: *sačra-

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: сәсрәү (səsrəw)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: шашырау (şaşyrau)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: чачыроо (cacıroo)

Karluk: *sačra-

Chagatai:

Uyghur:

Uzbek: sachramoq

Siberian

South Siberian

Yenisei

desc

Shor: шачыра-

Shor: шачыра-

Compare Proto-Mongolic *saču- (“to scatter, sow, spatte”), Proto-Tungusic *šeše- (“to scatter, spatter”), (Manchu ᠰᡳᠰᠠᠮᠪᡳ (sisambi, “to spatter”), Evenki чичэвэми (çiçəwəmi, “to sprinkle”)).


oltur-

Common Turkic:

Medieval

desc

اُلْتُرْماقْ

اُلْدُرْماقْ

Karakhanid: اُلْتُرْماقْ (olturmāq), اُلْدُرْماقْ (oldurmāq)

Old Turkic

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (oltur-)

Khorezmian: [script needed] (oltur-), [script needed] (otur-)

Kipchak: [script needed] (oltur-)

Karluk

Chagatai: اولتورمق (olturmaq)

Uyghur: ئولتۇرماق (olturmaq)

Uzbek: oʻtirmoq

Kipchak

Aral:

Kazakh: отыру (otyru)

Eastern

Kyrgyz: отуруу (oturuu), олтуруу (olturuu)

Southern Altai: отурар (oturar)

Ural:

Bashkir: ултырыу (ultırıw)

Tatar: утыру (utıru), утырырга (utırırga)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: oturmaq

Ottoman Turkish: اوتورمق (oturmak)

Turkish: oturmak

Salar: otğusı, otırğusı

Turkmen: oturmak

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Dolgan: олор

Yakut: олор (olor)

South Siberian:

Khakas: одырарға (odırarğa)

Causative of *ol- (“to be”). Some modern languages show assimilation of -/lt/- cluster into -/t/-. Cognate of *olur- (“to sit”).


olur-

Medieval

Old Turkic

Old Turkic: 𐰆𐰞𐰺 (olur-)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (olur-), [script needed] (olor-)

Siberian

Dolgan: олор (olor)

Tuvan: олурар (olurar)

Yakut: олор (olor)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (olïr-)

Bulghar

Chuvash: лар (lar)

Causative of *ol- (“to be”) and basically cognate of *ol-tur- (“to sit”).


ol-

Medieval

Karakhanid: اُلْماقْ (olmāq)

Khorezmian: [script needed] (ol-) (perhaps)

Oghuz

Azerbaijani: olmaq

Ottoman Turkish: اولمق (olmak) (perhaps, if not from *bōl-)

Turkish: olmak

Siberian:

Yakut: олох (oloq, “life”)

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *ol- (“to find, obtain”), Proto-Tungusic *ō- (“to make, become”) and Korean 오다 (oda, “to come”) (< Middle Korean [script needed] (ó-)). Compare also Proto-Uralic *wole- (cf. Estonian olema, Finnish olla) and Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-.


bōl-

→? Proto-Mongolic: *bol-

Khalkha Mongolian: болох (bolox)

Oghur:

Bulgar: بل (bal)
Chuvash: пул (pul)

Arghu:

Khalaj: ôlmaq

Proto-Oghuz: *bōl-

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: اُولْمَقْ (“olmaq”), بُولْمَقْ (“bolmaq”)

Azerbaijani: olmaq

Gagauz: olmaa

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: اولمق (olmak), بولمق (bolmak)
Turkish: olmak
→ Armenian: օլմիշ (ōlmiš)
 (if not < *ol-)

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: bolmak

Salar: vol, bo

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بُلْماقْ (bolmāq)

desc

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (bol-), [script needed] (ol-) (if not < *ol-)

Chagatai: [script needed] (bolmaq)

Uyghur: بولماق (bolmaq)

Uzbek: boʻlmoq

Kipchak:

Kipchak: بُولْ (bol-)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: bolmaq

Kumyk: болмакъ (bolmaq)

Karachay-Balkar: болургъа (bolurğa)

Karaim: bolmak

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: булыу (bulıw)

Tatar: булу (bulu)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: болуу (boluu)

Southern Altai: болор (bolor)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: болу (bolu)

Nogai: болув (boluv)

Karakalpak: boli'w

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Turkic: 𐰉𐰆𐰞 (b¹ul¹ /bol-/)

Old Uyghur: pwlmʾk (bolmak)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: буол (buol)

Yakut: буол (buol)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: болур (bolur)

Tofa: болур (bolur)

Yenisei:

Khakas: поларға (polarğa)

Shor: пол (pol-)

Western Yugur: pol

.
Karakhanid, Bulgar and Turkmen forms point to a short vowel instead.


kï̄ŕ-

Medieval:

Karakhanid: قِزْماقْ (qïzmāq)

Kipchak: [script needed] (qïz-)

Bulghar:

Chuvash: хӗрме (hĕrme)

Karluk:

Chagatai: [script needed] (qïzmaq)

Uyghur: قىزىماق (qizimaq)

Uzbek: qizimoq

Kipchak:

Aral:

Kazakh: қызу (qyzu)

Eastern:

Kyrgyz: кызуу (kızuu)

Southern Altai: кызыыр (kïzïïr)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡыҙыу (qıźıw)

Tatar: кызу (qızu)

Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: qızmaq

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (qïz-)

Ottoman Turkish: قیزمق (qïzmaq)

Turkish: kızmak

Turkmen: gyzmak

Siberian:

Tuvan: кызар (kızar)

Yakut: кыыс (kııs)

Karakhanid and Turkmen point short vowel.

kïŕ-a-r-

*kïŕ (“?red, hot”) (reconstructed based on the attested derivatives, see below)


kāl-

Oghur:

Chuvash: юл (jul)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Medieval:

Karakhanid: قَلْماقْ (qalmāq)

Old Turkic:

Old Turkic: 𐰴𐰞 (qal-)

Old Uyghur: qʾlmʾq (qalmaq)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: [script needed] (qal-)

Mamluk-Kipchak: [Arabic needed] (qal-)

Khorezmian: [script needed] (qal-)

Arghu:

Khalaj: qâlmaq

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: qalmaq

Ottoman Turkish: قالمق (qalmaq)

Turkish: kalmak

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: gālmak

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡалыу (qalıw)

Tatar: калу (qalu)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: қалу (qalu)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: калуу (kaluu)

Southern Altai: калар (kalar)

Karluk:

Chagatai: [script needed] (qalmaq)

Uzbek: qolmoq

Uyghur: قالماق (qalmaq)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Dolgan: каал (kaal)

Yakut: хаал (qaal)

South Siberian:

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: халарға (xalarğa)

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: калыр (kalır)


seb-

→? Proto-Mongolic: *seb-ki- (“to rest, refresh oneself, relax”)

→? Proto-Tungusic: *seb-je- (“to have fun; fun”)

Oghur:

Volga Bulgar: سَو (sev)

Chuvash: сав (sav)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: səvmək

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: سومك (sẹvmek)

Azerbaijani: sevmək

Gagauz: sevmää

Ottoman Turkish: سومك (sevmek)

Turkish: sevmek

→ Crimean Tatar: sevmek

Turkmen: söýmek

Salar: söygüsi

Karluk:

Karakhanid: سَڤْماكْ (sevmek)

Chagatai: [script needed] (séwmek)

Uzbek: sevmoq

Uyghur: سۆيمەك (söymek)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: [script needed] (söw-), [script needed] (sew-)

Mamluk-Kipchak: [Arabic needed] (sew-)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: süymek

Karachay-Balkar: сюерге (süyerge)

Kumyk: сюймек (süymek)

Karaim:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һөйөү (höyöw)

Tatar: сөяркә (söyarkä), сөю (söyu)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: сүю (süü)

Nogai: суьюв (süyuv)

Karakalpak:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: сүйүү (süyüü)

Southern Altai: сӱӱ (süü), сӱӱ- (süü-)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: 𐽻𐽰𐽱𐽹𐽰𐽷 (sʾβmʾk /sev-/)

North Siberian:

Yakut: иэй (iey)

Dolgan:

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan:

Tofa:

Yenisei:

Western Yugur:

Shor:

Khakas:


sebin-

Karakhanid: سَڤُنْماكْ (sevünmēk), سَڤِنْماكْ (sevinmēk)

Old Turkic

Old Turkic: 𐰾𐰋𐰤 (sebin-)

Old Uyghur: sʾβynmʾk (sevinmek)

Oghuz

Ottoman Turkish: سونمك (sevinmek)

Turkish: sevinmek

Kypchak

Bashkir: һөйөнөү (höyönöw, “to be glad, to rejoice”)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: сүйүнүү (süyünüü)

Southern Altai: сӱӱн- (süün-)

Tatar: сөенү (söenü, “to be glad, to rejoice”)

From *seb- (“to love”) + *-in- (“reflexive suffix”).

suffix

(intransitive) to rejoice; to be happy, to be glad, to be joyful


tüĺ-

Oghur

→ Hungarian: dől

Proto-Common Turkic: *tüš-

Arghu

Khalaj: tüşmək

Oghuz

Azerbaijani: düşmək

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: دوشمك (düşmek)
Gagauz: düşmää
Turkish: düşmek

Turkmen: düşmek

Khorezmian: [script needed] (düš-), [script needed] (tüš-)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: تُشْماكْ (tüšmēk)

Chagatai: [script needed] (tüšmek)

Uzbek: tushmoq

Uyghur: چۈشمەك (chüshmek)

Kipchak

Kipchak: [script needed] (tüš-)

desc

Mamluk-Kipchak: [Arabic needed] (tüš-), [Arabic needed] (düš-)

West Kipchak

Crimean Tatar: tüşmek

Kumyk: тюшмек (tüşmek)

Karachay-Balkar: тюшерге (tüşerge)

North Kipchak

Bashkir: төшөү (töşöw)

Tatar: төшү (töşü)

South Kipchak

Caspian

Kazakh: түсу (tüsu)

Nogai: туьсуьв (tüsüv)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak

Kyrgyz: түшүү (tüşüü)

Southern Altai: тӱшер (tüšer)

Siberian

Old Turkic

Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰇𐰾 (tüš-)

Old Uyghur: twšmʾk (tüšmek)

North Siberian

Dolgan: түс

Yakut: түс (tüs)

South Siberian

Western Yugur: [script needed] (tus-)

Sayan Turkic

Tuvan дүжер (düjer)

.
Compare Hungarian dűl, dől (“to tumble, lean, tilt”); a Turkic borrowing. The onset voicing in the Hungarian cognate is irregular.

(intransitive) to go back to, to settle down


bak-

Oghur:

Chuvash: пӑх (păh)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: vaqmaq

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: baxmaq

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: باقمق (baqmaq), باقماق (bakmak), بقمق (bakmak), بقماق (bakmak)
Gagauz: bakmaa
Turkish: bakmak

Salar: vaqğusı

Turkmen: bakmak

Kipchak:

Khorezmian Turkic: بقماق (baqmaq)

Kipchak: [script needed] (baq-)

Mamluk-Kipchak: [Arabic needed] (baq-)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: baqmaq

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: бағыу (bağıw)

Tatar: багарга (bağarga)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: бағу (bağu)

Nogai бакув (bakuv)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: багуу (baguu)

Southern Altai: багар (bagar)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بَقْماقْ (baqmāq)

Chagatai: [script needed] (baqmaq)

Uzbek: boqmoq

Uyghur: باقماق (baqmaq)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Dolgan: бык (bïk)

Yakut: бык (bık)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan бакылар (bakılar)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: пағарға (pağarğa)

Has been compared to Proto-Tungusic *baka- (“to find”) by Doerfer.


īŕte-

Common Turkic: *īzte- ~ *īzde-

Arghu:

Khalaj: hişəmək

Oghuz:

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: اِسْتَمَكْ (istämäk)

Azerbaijani: istəmək

Gagauz: istemää

Ottoman Turkish: استمك (istemek)

Turkish: istemek

Cypriot Turkish: isdemek

Turkmen: islemek

Kipchak:

Kipchak: [script needed] (izde-) (Codex Cumanicus)

North Kipchak

Bashkir: эҙлә- (eźlə-), (Eastern) Bashkir: эҙҙә- (eźźə-)

Tatar: эзләргә (ezlärgä)

South Kipchak

Kipchak-Nogai

Kazakh: іздеу (ızdeu)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak

Kyrgyz: изде- (izde-)

Southern Altai: исте- (iste-)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اِسْتاماكْ (istēmēk)

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (iste-)

Chagatai: [script needed] (iste-)

Uyghur: ئىزدىمەك (izdimek)

Uzbek: istamoq

Siberian Turkic:

Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽶𐽻𐾀𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ʾystʾmʾk /istemek/, “to search for, to ask, to demand, to check”)

North Siberian Turkic:

Yakut: ирдээ (irdee)


buyur-

Oghur:

Chuvash: пӳр (pür)

Proto-Common Turkic: *buyur-

Arghu:

Khalaj: buyırmaq

Oghuz:

Proto-Oghuz: *buyur-

q

Undetermined: بُیُرْمَاقْ (buyurmāq) (Late Oghuz attested in Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk)

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: buyurmaq

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: بویرمق, بیورمق (buyurmak), بویورمق (buyurmak)
Turkish: buyurmak
Gagauz: buyurmaa

Turkmen: buýurmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (buyurmāq)

Khorezmian Turkic:

Chagatai: بویورماق (buyurmaq)

Uzbek: buyurmoq

Uyghur: بۇيۇرماق (buyurmaq)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: [script needed] (buyurmaq)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: бойороу (boyorow)

Tatar: боеру (boyeru)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: buyurmaq

Kumyk: буюрмакъ (buyurmaq)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: бұйыру (būiyru)

Karakalpak: буйыру

Nogai: буйырув (buyıruv)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: буйруу (buyruu)

Southern Altai: буйур- (buyur-)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

desc

⇒ Old Turkic: 𐰉𐰆𐰖𐰺𐰸 (b¹uy¹r¹q̊¹ /buyruq/, “order”, noun)


bil-

Oghur:

Chuvash: пӗл (pĕl)

Proto-Common Turkic: *bil-

Arghu:

Khalaj: bilmək

Proto-Oghuz: *bil-

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: بلمك (bilmäk)

Azerbaijani: bilmək

Gagauz: bilmää

Ottoman Turkish: بلمك (bilmek)

Turkish: bilmek

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: bilmek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بِلْماكْ (bilmek)

Khorezmian Turkic:

Chagatai:

Uzbek: bilmoq

Uyghur: بىلمەك (bilmek)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: بلمك (bilmek)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: белеү (belew)

Tatar: белергә (belergä), белү (belü)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: bilmek

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: білу (bılu)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: билүү (bilüü)

Southern Altai: билер (biler)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰋𐰃𐰠 (bil-)

Old Uyghur: 𐽼𐽶𐾁𐽹𐽰𐽷 (bilmek)

North Siberian:

Yakut: бил (bil)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: билир (bilir)

Tofa: билир (bilir), биир (biir)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: пілерге (pìlerge)

Northern Altai: пилерге (pilerge)


kār-

Oghur:

Chuvash: юр (jur)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: قارمق (qarmaq)

Azerbaijani: qarmaq

Gagauz: karmaa

Ottoman Turkish: قارمق (karmak)

Turkish: karmak

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: gārmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (qar-)

Uzbek: qormoq

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (qarı-)


it-

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: ایتمك (itmek)

⇒ Azerbaijani: itələmək (<*i-t-er-le-)

⇒ Gagauz: itirmää < it-tir-

Ottoman Turkish: ایتمك (itmek)

Turkish: itmek, (dialectal) itermek

Salar: şitgüsi, yitgüsi

Turkmen: itmek, iteklemek

Karluk:

Chagatai: [Term?], it-, [Term?], i-

Uyghur: ئىتتىر- (ittir-), ئىتتىرمەك (ittirmek)

Uzbek: itarmoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: этеү (etew)

Tatar: этү (etü)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: itemek

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: итеру (iteru)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: итерүү (iterüü)

Southern Altai: ийдер (iyder)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Dolgan: үт

Yakut: үт (üt), үтүрүй (ütürüy)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas: iд (id), iдерге (iderge)

Shor: [script needed] (it)

From *i- (“to walk”) + *-t, literally "to make walk".


kē(y)t-

Oghur:

Chuvash: кай (kaj)

Proto-Common Turkic: *kēt-

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (gitmek)

Azerbaijani: getmək

Ottoman Turkish: كتمك (gitmek)

Gagauz: gitmää

Turkish: gitmek

→ Swedish: gitta

Turkmen: gitmek

Karluk:

Karakhanid:

Chagatai: کتماک (kätmäk)

Uzbek: ketmoq

Uyghur: كەتمەك (ketmek)

Kipchak:

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кетүү (ketüü)

Southern Altai: кеткин (ketkin, “migratory (of birds)”), кедер (keder)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: китеү (kitew)

Tatar: китү (kitü)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: кетиў

Kazakh: кету (ketu)

Nogai: кетуьв (ketüv)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: ketmek

Kumyk: гетмек (getmek)

Karachay-Balkar: кетерге (keterge)

Karaim: [script needed] (ket-)

Siberian Turkic:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ket-)


kač-

kačmak (infinitive)
kačgan (participle present)
kačïgma (participle present)
kačur (participle present)
kačtuk (participle past)
kačmïš (participle past)
kačtačï (future participle)
kačmakčï (future participle)
kačsïk (future participle)
kačačak (future participle)
kačma (noun-from-verb)
kačïg (noun-from-verb)
kačgu (noun-from-verb)
kačïš (adverbial)
kačur ben (aorist indicative singular)
kačur sen (aorist indicative singular)
kačur (aorist indicative singular)
kačur biz (aorist indicative plural)
kačur siz (aorist indicative plural)
kačur (aorist indicative plural)
kačtïm (indicative past singular)
kačtïŋ (indicative past singular)
kačtï (indicative past singular)
kačtïk (indicative past plural)
kačtïmïz (indicative past plural)
kačtïŋïz (indicative past plural)
kačtï (indicative past plural)
kačmïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
kačmïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
kačmïš (indicative inferential past singular)
kačmïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
kačmïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
kačmïš (indicative inferential past plural)
kačtačï ben (future indicative singular)
kačmakčï ben (future indicative singular)
kačačak ben (future indicative singular)
kačtačï sen (future indicative singular)
kačmakčï sen (future indicative singular)
kačačak sen (future indicative singular)
kačtačï (future indicative singular)
kačmakčï (future indicative singular)
kačačak (future indicative singular)
kačtačï biz (future indicative plural)
kačmakčï biz (future indicative plural)
kačačak biz (future indicative plural)
kačtačï siz (future indicative plural)
kačmakčï siz (future indicative plural)
kačačak siz (future indicative plural)
kačtačï (future indicative plural)
kačmakčï (future indicative plural)
kačačak (future indicative plural)
kačgay ben (future indicative singular)
kačgay sen (future indicative singular)
kačgay (future indicative singular)
kačgay biz (future indicative plural)
kačgay siz (future indicative plural)
kačgay (future indicative plural)
kačsïkïm (future indicative singular)
kačsïkïŋ (future indicative singular)
kačsïk (future indicative singular)
kačsïkïmïz (future indicative plural)
kačsïkïŋïz (future indicative plural)
kačsïk (future indicative plural)
kačsam (conditional singular)
kačsar ben (conditional singular)
kačsaŋ (conditional singular)
kačsar sen (conditional singular)
kačsa (conditional singular)
kačsar (conditional singular)
kačsak (conditional plural)
kačsamïz (conditional plural)
kačsar biz (conditional plural)
kačsaŋïz (conditional plural)
kačsar siz (conditional plural)
kačsalar (conditional plural)
kačsar (conditional plural)
kačgay ben (optative singular)
kačgay sen (optative singular)
kačgay (optative singular)
kačgay biz (optative plural)
kačgay siz (optative plural)
kačgay (optative plural)
kačmakda ben (progressive singular)
kačmakda sen (progressive singular)
kačmakda (progressive singular)
kačmakda biz (plural progressive)
kačmakda siz (plural progressive)
kačmakda (plural progressive)
kačmalïg ben (necessitative singular)
kačmalïg sen (necessitative singular)
kačmalïg (necessitative singular)
kačmalïg biz (necessitative plural)
kačmalïg siz (necessitative plural)
kačmalïg (necessitative plural)
kačayïn (imperative singular)
kač (imperative singular)
kačgïl (imperative singular)
kačzun (imperative singular)
kačalïm (imperative plural)
kačïŋ (imperative plural)
kačzun (imperative plural)
kačmamak (infinitive negative)
kačmagan (negative participle present)
kačmagma (negative participle present)
kačmaz (negative participle present)
kačmaduk (negative participle past)
kačmamïš (negative participle past)
kačmačï (future negative participle)
kačmasïk (future negative participle)
kačmayačak (future negative participle)
kačmama (negative noun-from-verb)
kačmag (negative noun-from-verb)
kačmagu (negative noun-from-verb)
kačmayïš (adverbial negative)
kačmaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
kačmaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
kačmaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
kačmaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
kačmaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
kačmaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
kačmadïm (indicative negative past singular)
kačmadïŋ (indicative negative past singular)
kačmadï (indicative negative past singular)
kačmadïk (indicative negative past plural)
kačmadïmïz (indicative negative past plural)
kačmadïŋïz (indicative negative past plural)
kačmadï (indicative negative past plural)
kačmamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
kačmamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
kačmamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
kačmamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
kačmamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
kačmamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
kačmačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
kačmayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
kačmačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
kačmayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
kačmačï (future indicative negative singular)
kačmayačak (future indicative negative singular)
kačmačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
kačmayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
kačmačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
kačmayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
kačmačï (future indicative negative plural)
kačmayačak (future indicative negative plural)
kačmagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
kačmagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
kačmagay (future indicative negative singular)
kačmagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
kačmagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
kačmagay (future indicative negative plural)
kačmasïkïm (future indicative negative singular)
kačmasïkïŋ (future indicative negative singular)
kačmasïk (future indicative negative singular)
kačmasïkïmïz (future indicative negative plural)
kačmasïkïŋïz (future indicative negative plural)
kačmasïk (future indicative negative plural)
kačmasam (conditional negative singular)
kačmasar ben (conditional negative singular)
kačmasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
kačmasar sen (conditional negative singular)
kačmasa (conditional negative singular)
kačmasar (conditional negative singular)
kačmasak (conditional negative plural)
kačmasamïz (conditional negative plural)
kačmasar biz (conditional negative plural)
kačmasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
kačmasar siz (conditional negative plural)
kačmasalar (conditional negative plural)
kačmasar (conditional negative plural)
kačmagay ben (negative optative singular)
kačmagay sen (negative optative singular)
kačmagay (negative optative singular)
kačmagay biz (negative optative plural)
kačmagay siz (negative optative plural)
kačmagay (negative optative plural)
kačmamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
kačmamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
kačmamakda (negative progressive singular)
kačmamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
kačmamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
kačmamakda (negative plural progressive)
kačmamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
kačmamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
kačmamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
kačmamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
kačmamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
kačmamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
kačmayayïn (imperative negative singular)
kačma (imperative negative singular)
kačmagïl (imperative negative singular)
kačmazun (imperative negative singular)
kačmayalïm (imperative negative plural)
kačmayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
kačmazun (imperative negative plural)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qaçmaq

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: قاچمق (kaçmak)
Gagauz: kaçmaa
Turkish: kaçmak
→ Ladino: kacherear, kachirear

Turkmen: gaçmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: قَاجْماقْ (qačmāq)

Chagatai: قاچمق (qačmaq)

Uzbek: qochmoq

Uyghur: قاچماق (qachmaq)

Kipchak:

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: качуу (kacuu)

Southern Altai: қач

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡасыу (qasıw)

Tatar: качу (qaçu)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: қашыў

Kazakh: қашу (qaşu)

Nogai: кашув (kaşuv)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: qaçmaq

Karachay-Balkar: къачаргъа (qaçarğa)

Kumyk: къачмакъ (qaçmaq)

Siberian Turkic:

Old Turkic: 𐰴𐰲 (qač-)