yȫr-

yȫrmek (infinitive)
yȫrgen (participle present)
yȫrügme (participle present)
yȫrür (participle present)
yȫrtük (participle past)
yȫrmiš (participle past)
yȫrteči (future participle)
yȫrmekči (future participle)
yȫrsik (future participle)
yȫreček (future participle)
yȫrme (noun-from-verb)
yȫrüg (noun-from-verb)
yȫrgü (noun-from-verb)
yȫrüš (adverbial)
yȫrür ben (aorist indicative singular)
yȫrür sen (aorist indicative singular)
yȫrür (aorist indicative singular)
yȫrür biz (aorist indicative plural)
yȫrür siz (aorist indicative plural)
yȫrür (aorist indicative plural)
yȫrtüm (indicative past singular)
yȫrtüŋ (indicative past singular)
yȫrti (indicative past singular)
yȫrtük (indicative past plural)
yȫrtümüz (indicative past plural)
yȫrtüŋüz (indicative past plural)
yȫrti (indicative past plural)
yȫrmiš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
yȫrmiš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
yȫrmiš (indicative inferential past singular)
yȫrmiš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
yȫrmiš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
yȫrmiš (indicative inferential past plural)
yȫrteči ben (future indicative singular)
yȫrmekči ben (future indicative singular)
yȫreček ben (future indicative singular)
yȫrteči sen (future indicative singular)
yȫrmekči sen (future indicative singular)
yȫreček sen (future indicative singular)
yȫrteči (future indicative singular)
yȫrmekči (future indicative singular)
yȫreček (future indicative singular)
yȫrteči biz (future indicative plural)
yȫrmekči biz (future indicative plural)
yȫreček biz (future indicative plural)
yȫrteči siz (future indicative plural)
yȫrmekči siz (future indicative plural)
yȫreček siz (future indicative plural)
yȫrteči (future indicative plural)
yȫrmekči (future indicative plural)
yȫreček (future indicative plural)
yȫrgey ben (future indicative singular)
yȫrgey sen (future indicative singular)
yȫrgey (future indicative singular)
yȫrgey biz (future indicative plural)
yȫrgey siz (future indicative plural)
yȫrgey (future indicative plural)
yȫrsüküm (future indicative singular)
yȫrsüküŋ (future indicative singular)
yȫrsük (future indicative singular)
yȫrsükümüz (future indicative plural)
yȫrsüküŋüz (future indicative plural)
yȫrsük (future indicative plural)
yȫrsem (conditional singular)
yȫrser ben (conditional singular)
yȫrseŋ (conditional singular)
yȫrser sen (conditional singular)
yȫrse (conditional singular)
yȫrser (conditional singular)
yȫrsek (conditional plural)
yȫrsemiz (conditional plural)
yȫrser biz (conditional plural)
yȫrseŋiz (conditional plural)
yȫrser siz (conditional plural)
yȫrseler (conditional plural)
yȫrser (conditional plural)
yȫrgey ben (optative singular)
yȫrgey sen (optative singular)
yȫrgey (optative singular)
yȫrgey biz (optative plural)
yȫrgey siz (optative plural)
yȫrgey (optative plural)
yȫrmekde ben (progressive singular)
yȫrmekde sen (progressive singular)
yȫrmekde (progressive singular)
yȫrmekde biz (plural progressive)
yȫrmekde siz (plural progressive)
yȫrmekde (plural progressive)
yȫrmelig ben (necessitative singular)
yȫrmelig sen (necessitative singular)
yȫrmelig (necessitative singular)
yȫrmelig biz (necessitative plural)
yȫrmelig siz (necessitative plural)
yȫrmelig (necessitative plural)
yȫreyin (imperative singular)
yȫr (imperative singular)
yȫrgil (imperative singular)
yȫrzün (imperative singular)
yȫrelim (imperative plural)
yȫrüŋ (imperative plural)
yȫrzün (imperative plural)
yȫrmemek (infinitive negative)
yȫrmegen (negative participle present)
yȫrmegme (negative participle present)
yȫrmez (negative participle present)
yȫrmedük (negative participle past)
yȫrmemiš (negative participle past)
yȫrmeči (future negative participle)
yȫrmesik (future negative participle)
yȫrmeyeček (future negative participle)
yȫrmeme (negative noun-from-verb)
yȫrmeg (negative noun-from-verb)
yȫrmegü (negative noun-from-verb)
yȫrmeyüš (adverbial negative)
yȫrmez ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
yȫrmez sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
yȫrmez (aorist indicative negative singular)
yȫrmez biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
yȫrmez siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
yȫrmez (aorist indicative negative plural)
yȫrmedüm (indicative negative past singular)
yȫrmedüŋ (indicative negative past singular)
yȫrmedi (indicative negative past singular)
yȫrmedük (indicative negative past plural)
yȫrmedümüz (indicative negative past plural)
yȫrmedüŋüz (indicative negative past plural)
yȫrmedi (indicative negative past plural)
yȫrmemiš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
yȫrmemiš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
yȫrmemiš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
yȫrmemiš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
yȫrmemiš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
yȫrmemiš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
yȫrmeči ben (future indicative negative singular)
yȫrmeyeček ben (future indicative negative singular)
yȫrmeči sen (future indicative negative singular)
yȫrmeyeček sen (future indicative negative singular)
yȫrmeči (future indicative negative singular)
yȫrmeyeček (future indicative negative singular)
yȫrmeči biz (future indicative negative plural)
yȫrmeyeček biz (future indicative negative plural)
yȫrmeči siz (future indicative negative plural)
yȫrmeyeček siz (future indicative negative plural)
yȫrmeči (future indicative negative plural)
yȫrmeyeček (future indicative negative plural)
yȫrmegey ben (future indicative negative singular)
yȫrmegey sen (future indicative negative singular)
yȫrmegey (future indicative negative singular)
yȫrmegey biz (future indicative negative plural)
yȫrmegey siz (future indicative negative plural)
yȫrmegey (future indicative negative plural)
yȫrmesüküm (future indicative negative singular)
yȫrmesüküŋ (future indicative negative singular)
yȫrmesük (future indicative negative singular)
yȫrmesükümüz (future indicative negative plural)
yȫrmesüküŋüz (future indicative negative plural)
yȫrmesük (future indicative negative plural)
yȫrmesem (conditional negative singular)
yȫrmeser ben (conditional negative singular)
yȫrmeseŋ (conditional negative singular)
yȫrmeser sen (conditional negative singular)
yȫrmese (conditional negative singular)
yȫrmeser (conditional negative singular)
yȫrmesek (conditional negative plural)
yȫrmesemiz (conditional negative plural)
yȫrmeser biz (conditional negative plural)
yȫrmeseŋiz (conditional negative plural)
yȫrmeser siz (conditional negative plural)
yȫrmeseler (conditional negative plural)
yȫrmeser (conditional negative plural)
yȫrmegey ben (negative optative singular)
yȫrmegey sen (negative optative singular)
yȫrmegey (negative optative singular)
yȫrmegey biz (negative optative plural)
yȫrmegey siz (negative optative plural)
yȫrmegey (negative optative plural)
yȫrmemekde ben (negative progressive singular)
yȫrmemekde sen (negative progressive singular)
yȫrmemekde (negative progressive singular)
yȫrmemekde biz (negative plural progressive)
yȫrmemekde siz (negative plural progressive)
yȫrmemekde (negative plural progressive)
yȫrmemelig ben (necessitative negative singular)
yȫrmemelig sen (necessitative negative singular)
yȫrmemelig (necessitative negative singular)
yȫrmemelig biz (necessitative negative plural)
yȫrmemelig siz (necessitative negative plural)
yȫrmemelig (necessitative negative plural)
yȫrmeyeyin (imperative negative singular)
yȫrme (imperative negative singular)
yȫrmegil (imperative negative singular)
yȫrmezün (imperative negative singular)
yȫrmeyelim (imperative negative plural)
yȫrmeyiŋ (imperative negative plural)
yȫrmezün (imperative negative plural)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yozmaq

Ottoman Turkish: یورمق (yormak)

Turkish: yormak

Turkmen: ýormak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yörmek), [script needed] (yormaq)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: йурав (yurav)

Tatar: йурарга (yurarga)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: жору (joru)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жоруу (joruu)

Southern Altai: јоро (ǰoro, “omen”)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: ywr (yör-)

North Siberian:

Yakut: сүөр (süör)

For the two meanings, compare *čöŕ- (“to untie; solve”).

(Common Turkic, transitive) to interpret


bīn-

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: minmək

Ottoman Turkish: بینمك (binmek)

Turkish: binmek

Salar: min

Turkmen: münmek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (münmek)

Uyghur: [script needed] (minmek)

Uzbek: minmoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: мэнэв (menev)

Tatar: менәргә (menärgä)

South Kipchak:

Kipchak-Nogai

Kazakh: міну (mınu)

Nogai: минуьв (minüv)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: минүү (minüü)

Southern Altai: минер (miner)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: minmek

Kumyk: минмек (minmek)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰋𐰃𐰤 (bin-), 𐰢𐰃𐰤 (min-)

North Siberian:

Yakut: миин (miin)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: мунар (munar)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: мӱнерге (münerge)

desc

Shor: мӱнерге

Shor: мӱнерге

The alternative form *bǖn- has rounding due to neighboring /b/.


yub-

Karluk:

Karakhanid: يُڤْماقْ (yuwmāq)

Unknown. Perhaps compare *yum (“round”).

يڤساماق

Proto-Turkic: *yubsa- (“to want to be rolled”)

يُڤْلُنْماقْ

Proto-Turkic: *yublan- (“to get rolled”)

يُڤْتُرْماقْ

Proto-Turkic: *yubtur- (“to make (something) roll”)

𐰖𐰆𐰉𐰞

Proto-Turkic: *yubïl- (“to be rolled”); Old Turkic


üskür-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ӳсӗр (üs̬ĕr)

Common Turkic:
** Arghu:
*** Khalaj: êsürmək
** Oghuz:
*** West Oghuz:
**** Old Anatolian Turkish:
***** Azerbaijani: öskürmək
***** Ottoman Turkish: اوكسورمك (öksürmek)
****** Gagauz: üüsürmää
****** Turkish: öksürmek
****** →? Karaim: [script needed] (öksür-, öksir-)
*** East Oghuz:
**** Salar: üksir, üksür
**** Turkmen: üsgürmek
** Siberian:
*** South Siberian:
**** Yeniseain Turkic:
***** Khakas: [script needed] (üskür-)

From *ös (“onomatopoetic word”) + *-kür.


yül-

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: يلمك

⇒ Azerbaijani: ülgüc

Ottoman Turkish: يولومك (yülümek), يوليمك (yülimek), [script needed] (yülütmek)

Turkish: yülümek

Salar: yiligüsi

Turkmen: yülmek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: يُليٖماكْ (yülimēk)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: [script needed] (jöle-, “to tear off”) (dialectal)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (žülü-)

Karaim: [script needed] (ülü-)

Kumyk: [script needed] (yülü-)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Dolgan: һүл (“to tear off”)

Yakut: сүл (sül, “to tear off”)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: [script needed] (čülü-)

Considering it doesn't exist in Old Turkic or Chuvash and its phonetic and semantic similarity, it may be a later front variant of *yol- (“to pluck”).


tüg-

tügmek (infinitive)
tüggen (participle present)
tügügme (participle present)
tüger (participle present)
tügdük (participle past)
tügmiš (participle past)
tügdeči (future participle)
tügmekči (future participle)
tügsik (future participle)
tügeček (future participle)
tügme (noun-from-verb)
tügüg (noun-from-verb)
tüggü (noun-from-verb)
tügüš (adverbial)
tüger ben (aorist indicative singular)
tüger sen (aorist indicative singular)
tüger (aorist indicative singular)
tüger biz (aorist indicative plural)
tüger siz (aorist indicative plural)
tüger (aorist indicative plural)
tügdüm (indicative past singular)
tügdüŋ (indicative past singular)
tügdi (indicative past singular)
tügdük (indicative past plural)
tügdümüz (indicative past plural)
tügdüŋüz (indicative past plural)
tügdi (indicative past plural)
tügmiš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
tügmiš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
tügmiš (indicative inferential past singular)
tügmiš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
tügmiš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
tügmiš (indicative inferential past plural)
tügdeči ben (future indicative singular)
tügmekči ben (future indicative singular)
tügeček ben (future indicative singular)
tügdeči sen (future indicative singular)
tügmekči sen (future indicative singular)
tügeček sen (future indicative singular)
tügdeči (future indicative singular)
tügmekči (future indicative singular)
tügeček (future indicative singular)
tügdeči biz (future indicative plural)
tügmekči biz (future indicative plural)
tügeček biz (future indicative plural)
tügdeči siz (future indicative plural)
tügmekči siz (future indicative plural)
tügeček siz (future indicative plural)
tügdeči (future indicative plural)
tügmekči (future indicative plural)
tügeček (future indicative plural)
tüggey ben (future indicative singular)
tüggey sen (future indicative singular)
tüggey (future indicative singular)
tüggey biz (future indicative plural)
tüggey siz (future indicative plural)
tüggey (future indicative plural)
tügsüküm (future indicative singular)
tügsüküŋ (future indicative singular)
tügsük (future indicative singular)
tügsükümüz (future indicative plural)
tügsüküŋüz (future indicative plural)
tügsük (future indicative plural)
tügsem (conditional singular)
tügser ben (conditional singular)
tügseŋ (conditional singular)
tügser sen (conditional singular)
tügse (conditional singular)
tügser (conditional singular)
tügsek (conditional plural)
tügsemiz (conditional plural)
tügser biz (conditional plural)
tügseŋiz (conditional plural)
tügser siz (conditional plural)
tügseler (conditional plural)
tügser (conditional plural)
tüggey ben (optative singular)
tüggey sen (optative singular)
tüggey (optative singular)
tüggey biz (optative plural)
tüggey siz (optative plural)
tüggey (optative plural)
tügmekde ben (progressive singular)
tügmekde sen (progressive singular)
tügmekde (progressive singular)
tügmekde biz (plural progressive)
tügmekde siz (plural progressive)
tügmekde (plural progressive)
tügmelig ben (necessitative singular)
tügmelig sen (necessitative singular)
tügmelig (necessitative singular)
tügmelig biz (necessitative plural)
tügmelig siz (necessitative plural)
tügmelig (necessitative plural)
tügeyin (imperative singular)
tüg (imperative singular)
tüggil (imperative singular)
tügzün (imperative singular)
tügelim (imperative plural)
tügüŋ (imperative plural)
tügzün (imperative plural)
tügmemek (infinitive negative)
tügmegen (negative participle present)
tügmegme (negative participle present)
tügmez (negative participle present)
tügmedük (negative participle past)
tügmemiš (negative participle past)
tügmeči (future negative participle)
tügmesik (future negative participle)
tügmeyeček (future negative participle)
tügmeme (negative noun-from-verb)
tügmeg (negative noun-from-verb)
tügmegü (negative noun-from-verb)
tügmeyüš (adverbial negative)
tügmez ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
tügmez sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
tügmez (aorist indicative negative singular)
tügmez biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
tügmez siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
tügmez (aorist indicative negative plural)
tügmedüm (indicative negative past singular)
tügmedüŋ (indicative negative past singular)
tügmedi (indicative negative past singular)
tügmedük (indicative negative past plural)
tügmedümüz (indicative negative past plural)
tügmedüŋüz (indicative negative past plural)
tügmedi (indicative negative past plural)
tügmemiš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
tügmemiš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
tügmemiš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
tügmemiš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
tügmemiš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
tügmemiš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
tügmeči ben (future indicative negative singular)
tügmeyeček ben (future indicative negative singular)
tügmeči sen (future indicative negative singular)
tügmeyeček sen (future indicative negative singular)
tügmeči (future indicative negative singular)
tügmeyeček (future indicative negative singular)
tügmeči biz (future indicative negative plural)
tügmeyeček biz (future indicative negative plural)
tügmeči siz (future indicative negative plural)
tügmeyeček siz (future indicative negative plural)
tügmeči (future indicative negative plural)
tügmeyeček (future indicative negative plural)
tügmegey ben (future indicative negative singular)
tügmegey sen (future indicative negative singular)
tügmegey (future indicative negative singular)
tügmegey biz (future indicative negative plural)
tügmegey siz (future indicative negative plural)
tügmegey (future indicative negative plural)
tügmesüküm (future indicative negative singular)
tügmesüküŋ (future indicative negative singular)
tügmesük (future indicative negative singular)
tügmesükümüz (future indicative negative plural)
tügmesüküŋüz (future indicative negative plural)
tügmesük (future indicative negative plural)
tügmesem (conditional negative singular)
tügmeser ben (conditional negative singular)
tügmeseŋ (conditional negative singular)
tügmeser sen (conditional negative singular)
tügmese (conditional negative singular)
tügmeser (conditional negative singular)
tügmesek (conditional negative plural)
tügmesemiz (conditional negative plural)
tügmeser biz (conditional negative plural)
tügmeseŋiz (conditional negative plural)
tügmeser siz (conditional negative plural)
tügmeseler (conditional negative plural)
tügmeser (conditional negative plural)
tügmegey ben (negative optative singular)
tügmegey sen (negative optative singular)
tügmegey (negative optative singular)
tügmegey biz (negative optative plural)
tügmegey siz (negative optative plural)
tügmegey (negative optative plural)
tügmemekde ben (negative progressive singular)
tügmemekde sen (negative progressive singular)
tügmemekde (negative progressive singular)
tügmemekde biz (negative plural progressive)
tügmemekde siz (negative plural progressive)
tügmemekde (negative plural progressive)
tügmemelig ben (necessitative negative singular)
tügmemelig sen (necessitative negative singular)
tügmemelig (necessitative negative singular)
tügmemelig biz (necessitative negative plural)
tügmemelig siz (necessitative negative plural)
tügmemelig (necessitative negative plural)
tügmeyeyin (imperative negative singular)
tügme (imperative negative singular)
tügmegil (imperative negative singular)
tügmezün (imperative negative singular)
tügmeyelim (imperative negative plural)
tügmeyiŋ (imperative negative plural)
tügmezün (imperative negative plural)

Oghur:

⇒? Chuvash: тӳле (tüle)

Proto-Common Turkic: *tüg-

Proto-Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: düymək

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: düğmek

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: düwmek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (tügmēk)

Uyghur: [script needed] (tügmek)

Uzbek: tugmoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: төйөу (töyöw)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: тюйюрге (tüyürge)

Kumyk: тюймек (tüymek)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: tüyüw

Kazakh: түю (tüü)

Nogai: туьймек (tüymek)

East Kipchak

Southern Altai: тӱйер (tüyer), тӱӱр (tüür)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰇𐰏 (tüg-)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tofa: дүғер (düğer)

Tuvan: дүйер (düyer)


tȫg-

tȫgmek (infinitive)
tȫggen (participle present)
tȫgügme (participle present)
tȫger (participle present)
tȫgdük (participle past)
tȫgmiš (participle past)
tȫgdeči (future participle)
tȫgmekči (future participle)
tȫgsik (future participle)
tȫgeček (future participle)
tȫgme (noun-from-verb)
tȫgüg (noun-from-verb)
tȫggü (noun-from-verb)
tȫgüš (adverbial)
tȫger ben (aorist indicative singular)
tȫger sen (aorist indicative singular)
tȫger (aorist indicative singular)
tȫger biz (aorist indicative plural)
tȫger siz (aorist indicative plural)
tȫger (aorist indicative plural)
tȫgdüm (indicative past singular)
tȫgdüŋ (indicative past singular)
tȫgdi (indicative past singular)
tȫgdük (indicative past plural)
tȫgdümüz (indicative past plural)
tȫgdüŋüz (indicative past plural)
tȫgdi (indicative past plural)
tȫgmiš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
tȫgmiš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
tȫgmiš (indicative inferential past singular)
tȫgmiš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
tȫgmiš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
tȫgmiš (indicative inferential past plural)
tȫgdeči ben (future indicative singular)
tȫgmekči ben (future indicative singular)
tȫgeček ben (future indicative singular)
tȫgdeči sen (future indicative singular)
tȫgmekči sen (future indicative singular)
tȫgeček sen (future indicative singular)
tȫgdeči (future indicative singular)
tȫgmekči (future indicative singular)
tȫgeček (future indicative singular)
tȫgdeči biz (future indicative plural)
tȫgmekči biz (future indicative plural)
tȫgeček biz (future indicative plural)
tȫgdeči siz (future indicative plural)
tȫgmekči siz (future indicative plural)
tȫgeček siz (future indicative plural)
tȫgdeči (future indicative plural)
tȫgmekči (future indicative plural)
tȫgeček (future indicative plural)
tȫggey ben (future indicative singular)
tȫggey sen (future indicative singular)
tȫggey (future indicative singular)
tȫggey biz (future indicative plural)
tȫggey siz (future indicative plural)
tȫggey (future indicative plural)
tȫgsüküm (future indicative singular)
tȫgsüküŋ (future indicative singular)
tȫgsük (future indicative singular)
tȫgsükümüz (future indicative plural)
tȫgsüküŋüz (future indicative plural)
tȫgsük (future indicative plural)
tȫgsem (conditional singular)
tȫgser ben (conditional singular)
tȫgseŋ (conditional singular)
tȫgser sen (conditional singular)
tȫgse (conditional singular)
tȫgser (conditional singular)
tȫgsek (conditional plural)
tȫgsemiz (conditional plural)
tȫgser biz (conditional plural)
tȫgseŋiz (conditional plural)
tȫgser siz (conditional plural)
tȫgseler (conditional plural)
tȫgser (conditional plural)
tȫggey ben (optative singular)
tȫggey sen (optative singular)
tȫggey (optative singular)
tȫggey biz (optative plural)
tȫggey siz (optative plural)
tȫggey (optative plural)
tȫgmekde ben (progressive singular)
tȫgmekde sen (progressive singular)
tȫgmekde (progressive singular)
tȫgmekde biz (plural progressive)
tȫgmekde siz (plural progressive)
tȫgmekde (plural progressive)
tȫgmelig ben (necessitative singular)
tȫgmelig sen (necessitative singular)
tȫgmelig (necessitative singular)
tȫgmelig biz (necessitative plural)
tȫgmelig siz (necessitative plural)
tȫgmelig (necessitative plural)
tȫgeyin (imperative singular)
tȫg (imperative singular)
tȫggil (imperative singular)
tȫgzün (imperative singular)
tȫgelim (imperative plural)
tȫgüŋ (imperative plural)
tȫgzün (imperative plural)
tȫgmemek (infinitive negative)
tȫgmegen (negative participle present)
tȫgmegme (negative participle present)
tȫgmez (negative participle present)
tȫgmedük (negative participle past)
tȫgmemiš (negative participle past)
tȫgmeči (future negative participle)
tȫgmesik (future negative participle)
tȫgmeyeček (future negative participle)
tȫgmeme (negative noun-from-verb)
tȫgmeg (negative noun-from-verb)
tȫgmegü (negative noun-from-verb)
tȫgmeyüš (adverbial negative)
tȫgmez ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
tȫgmez sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
tȫgmez (aorist indicative negative singular)
tȫgmez biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
tȫgmez siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
tȫgmez (aorist indicative negative plural)
tȫgmedüm (indicative negative past singular)
tȫgmedüŋ (indicative negative past singular)
tȫgmedi (indicative negative past singular)
tȫgmedük (indicative negative past plural)
tȫgmedümüz (indicative negative past plural)
tȫgmedüŋüz (indicative negative past plural)
tȫgmedi (indicative negative past plural)
tȫgmemiš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
tȫgmemiš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
tȫgmemiš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
tȫgmemiš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
tȫgmemiš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
tȫgmemiš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
tȫgmeči ben (future indicative negative singular)
tȫgmeyeček ben (future indicative negative singular)
tȫgmeči sen (future indicative negative singular)
tȫgmeyeček sen (future indicative negative singular)
tȫgmeči (future indicative negative singular)
tȫgmeyeček (future indicative negative singular)
tȫgmeči biz (future indicative negative plural)
tȫgmeyeček biz (future indicative negative plural)
tȫgmeči siz (future indicative negative plural)
tȫgmeyeček siz (future indicative negative plural)
tȫgmeči (future indicative negative plural)
tȫgmeyeček (future indicative negative plural)
tȫgmegey ben (future indicative negative singular)
tȫgmegey sen (future indicative negative singular)
tȫgmegey (future indicative negative singular)
tȫgmegey biz (future indicative negative plural)
tȫgmegey siz (future indicative negative plural)
tȫgmegey (future indicative negative plural)
tȫgmesüküm (future indicative negative singular)
tȫgmesüküŋ (future indicative negative singular)
tȫgmesük (future indicative negative singular)
tȫgmesükümüz (future indicative negative plural)
tȫgmesüküŋüz (future indicative negative plural)
tȫgmesük (future indicative negative plural)
tȫgmesem (conditional negative singular)
tȫgmeser ben (conditional negative singular)
tȫgmeseŋ (conditional negative singular)
tȫgmeser sen (conditional negative singular)
tȫgmese (conditional negative singular)
tȫgmeser (conditional negative singular)
tȫgmesek (conditional negative plural)
tȫgmesemiz (conditional negative plural)
tȫgmeser biz (conditional negative plural)
tȫgmeseŋiz (conditional negative plural)
tȫgmeser siz (conditional negative plural)
tȫgmeseler (conditional negative plural)
tȫgmeser (conditional negative plural)
tȫgmegey ben (negative optative singular)
tȫgmegey sen (negative optative singular)
tȫgmegey (negative optative singular)
tȫgmegey biz (negative optative plural)
tȫgmegey siz (negative optative plural)
tȫgmegey (negative optative plural)
tȫgmemekde ben (negative progressive singular)
tȫgmemekde sen (negative progressive singular)
tȫgmemekde (negative progressive singular)
tȫgmemekde biz (negative plural progressive)
tȫgmemekde siz (negative plural progressive)
tȫgmemekde (negative plural progressive)
tȫgmemelig ben (necessitative negative singular)
tȫgmemelig sen (necessitative negative singular)
tȫgmemelig (necessitative negative singular)
tȫgmemelig biz (necessitative negative plural)
tȫgmemelig siz (necessitative negative plural)
tȫgmemelig (necessitative negative plural)
tȫgmeyeyin (imperative negative singular)
tȫgme (imperative negative singular)
tȫgmegil (imperative negative singular)
tȫgmezün (imperative negative singular)
tȫgmeyelim (imperative negative plural)
tȫgmeyiŋ (imperative negative plural)
tȫgmezün (imperative negative plural)

Oghur:

Chuvash: тӳ (tü), тĕв (tĕv)

Proto-Common Turkic: *tȫg-, *tög-

Proto-Oghuz: *tȫg-

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: دوكمك (dögmäk)

Azerbaijani: döymək

Gagauz: düümää

Ottoman Turkish: دوكمك (döğmek)

Turkish: dövmek

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: döwmek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (tögmēk)

Uzbek: tuymoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: төйөу (töyöw)

West Kipchak:

Crimeaic Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: dögmek

Urum: дӧгиер (dögier)

Karachay-Balkar: тюйюрге (tüyürge)

Kumyk: тюймек (tüymek)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: tüyüw

Kazakh: түю (tüü)

Nogai: туьймек (tüymek)


kele-

trk-cmn-conj-head

keledeči ben, kelemekči ben, keleyeček ben

keledeči sen, kelemekči sen, keleyeček sen

keledeči biz, kelemekči biz, keleyeček biz

keledeči siz, kelemekči siz, keleyeček siz

kelemek (infinitive)
kelegen (participle present)
kelegme (participle present)
keler (participle present)
keledük (participle past)
kelemiš (participle past)
keledeči (future participle)
kelemekči (future participle)
kelesik (future participle)
keleyeček (future participle)
keleme (noun-from-verb)
keleg (noun-from-verb)
kelegü (noun-from-verb)
keleš (adverbial)
keler ben (aorist indicative singular)
keler sen (aorist indicative singular)
keler (aorist indicative singular)
keler biz (aorist indicative plural)
keler siz (aorist indicative plural)
keler (aorist indicative plural)
keledim (indicative past singular)
kelediŋ (indicative past singular)
keledi (indicative past singular)
keledik (indicative past plural)
keledimiz (indicative past plural)
kelediŋiz (indicative past plural)
keledi (indicative past plural)
kelemiš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
kelemiš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
kelemiš (indicative inferential past singular)
kelemiš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
kelemiš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
kelemiš (indicative inferential past plural)
keledeči ben (future indicative singular)
kelemekči ben (future indicative singular)
keleyeček ben (future indicative singular)
keledeči sen (future indicative singular)
kelemekči sen (future indicative singular)
keleyeček sen (future indicative singular)
keledeči (future indicative singular)
kelemekči (future indicative singular)
keleyeček (future indicative singular)
keledeči biz (future indicative plural)
kelemekči biz (future indicative plural)
keleyeček biz (future indicative plural)
keledeči siz (future indicative plural)
kelemekči siz (future indicative plural)
keleyeček siz (future indicative plural)
keledeči (future indicative plural)
kelemekči (future indicative plural)
keleyeček (future indicative plural)
kelegey ben (future indicative singular)
kelegey sen (future indicative singular)
kelegey (future indicative singular)
kelegey biz (future indicative plural)
kelegey siz (future indicative plural)
kelegey (future indicative plural)
kelesikim (future indicative singular)
kelesikiŋ (future indicative singular)
kelesik (future indicative singular)
kelesikimiz (future indicative plural)
kelesikiŋiz (future indicative plural)
kelesik (future indicative plural)
kelesem (conditional singular)
keleser ben (conditional singular)
keleseŋ (conditional singular)
keleser sen (conditional singular)
kelese (conditional singular)
keleser (conditional singular)
kelesek (conditional plural)
kelesemiz (conditional plural)
keleser biz (conditional plural)
keleseŋiz (conditional plural)
keleser siz (conditional plural)
keleseler (conditional plural)
keleser (conditional plural)
kelegey ben (optative singular)
kelegey sen (optative singular)
kelegey (optative singular)
kelegey biz (optative plural)
kelegey siz (optative plural)
kelegey (optative plural)
kelemekde ben (progressive singular)
kelemekde sen (progressive singular)
kelemekde (progressive singular)
kelemekde biz (plural progressive)
kelemekde siz (plural progressive)
kelemekde (plural progressive)
kelemelig ben (necessitative singular)
kelemelig sen (necessitative singular)
kelemelig (necessitative singular)
kelemelig biz (necessitative plural)
kelemelig siz (necessitative plural)
kelemelig (necessitative plural)
keleyeyin (imperative singular)
kele (imperative singular)
kelegil (imperative singular)
kelezün (imperative singular)
keleyelim (imperative plural)
keleyiŋ (imperative plural)
kelezün (imperative plural)
kelememek (infinitive negative)
kelemegen (negative participle present)
kelemegme (negative participle present)
kelemez (negative participle present)
kelemedük (negative participle past)
kelememiš (negative participle past)
kelemeči (future negative participle)
kelemesik (future negative participle)
kelemeyeček (future negative participle)
kelememe (negative noun-from-verb)
kelemeg (negative noun-from-verb)
kelemegü (negative noun-from-verb)
kelemeš (adverbial negative)
kelemez ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
kelemez sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
kelemez (aorist indicative negative singular)
kelemez biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
kelemez siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
kelemez (aorist indicative negative plural)
kelemedim (indicative negative past singular)
kelemediŋ (indicative negative past singular)
kelemedi (indicative negative past singular)
kelemedik (indicative negative past plural)
kelemedimiz (indicative negative past plural)
kelemediŋiz (indicative negative past plural)
kelemedi (indicative negative past plural)
kelememiš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
kelememiš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
kelememiš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
kelememiš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
kelememiš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
kelememiš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
kelemeči ben (future indicative negative singular)
kelemeyeček ben (future indicative negative singular)
kelemeči sen (future indicative negative singular)
kelemeyeček sen (future indicative negative singular)
kelemeči (future indicative negative singular)
kelemeyeček (future indicative negative singular)
kelemeči biz (future indicative negative plural)
kelemeyeček biz (future indicative negative plural)
kelemeči siz (future indicative negative plural)
kelemeyeček siz (future indicative negative plural)
kelemeči (future indicative negative plural)
kelemeyeček (future indicative negative plural)
kelemegey ben (future indicative negative singular)
kelemegey sen (future indicative negative singular)
kelemegey (future indicative negative singular)
kelemegey biz (future indicative negative plural)
kelemegey siz (future indicative negative plural)
kelemegey (future indicative negative plural)
kelemesikim (future indicative negative singular)
kelemesikiŋ (future indicative negative singular)
kelemesik (future indicative negative singular)
kelemesikimiz (future indicative negative plural)
kelemesikiŋiz (future indicative negative plural)
kelemesik (future indicative negative plural)
kelemesem (conditional negative singular)
kelemeser ben (conditional negative singular)
kelemeseŋ (conditional negative singular)
kelemeser sen (conditional negative singular)
kelemese (conditional negative singular)
kelemeser (conditional negative singular)
kelemesek (conditional negative plural)
kelemesemiz (conditional negative plural)
kelemeser biz (conditional negative plural)
kelemeseŋiz (conditional negative plural)
kelemeser siz (conditional negative plural)
kelemeseler (conditional negative plural)
kelemeser (conditional negative plural)
kelemegey ben (negative optative singular)
kelemegey sen (negative optative singular)
kelemegey (negative optative singular)
kelemegey biz (negative optative plural)
kelemegey siz (negative optative plural)
kelemegey (negative optative plural)
kelememekde ben (negative progressive singular)
kelememekde sen (negative progressive singular)
kelememekde (negative progressive singular)
kelememekde biz (negative plural progressive)
kelememekde siz (negative plural progressive)
kelememekde (negative plural progressive)
kelememelig ben (necessitative negative singular)
kelememelig sen (necessitative negative singular)
kelememelig (necessitative negative singular)
kelememelig biz (necessitative negative plural)
kelememelig siz (necessitative negative plural)
kelememelig (necessitative negative plural)
kelemeyeyin (imperative negative singular)
keleme (imperative negative singular)
kelemegil (imperative negative singular)
kelemezün (imperative negative singular)
kelemeyelim (imperative negative plural)
kelemeyiŋ (imperative negative plural)
kelemezün (imperative negative plural)

Oghur:

Chuvash: кала (kala)

⇒ Chuvash: калаҫ (kalaś)

Proto-Oghuz: كَلاجُو (kelēçü:)

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish: كلجى

Turkish: keleci

Salar: kelegüsi

Karluk:

Uyghur: [script needed] (kele-)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: кэлеу (kelew)

→ Chuvash: кӗле (kĕle)

Siberian:

Khakas: [script needed] (kǝle-)

⇒? Proto-Mongolic: *kele-n (“tongue”)

⇒ Proto-Mongolic: *kele-le- (“to talk”)

The verb is rather poorly attested within Turkic making it uncertain whether some of the descendants borrowed from Mongolic. The morphology of *kelečü is obscure as there is no deverbal *-čü suffix, compare however *-nčü.


tog-

togmak (infinitive)
toggan (participle present)
togugma (participle present)
togar (participle present)
togduk (participle past)
togmïš (participle past)
togdačï (future participle)
togmakčï (future participle)
togsïk (future participle)
togačak (future participle)
togma (noun-from-verb)
togug (noun-from-verb)
toggu (noun-from-verb)
toguš (adverbial)
togar ben (aorist indicative singular)
togar sen (aorist indicative singular)
togar (aorist indicative singular)
togar biz (aorist indicative plural)
togar siz (aorist indicative plural)
togar (aorist indicative plural)
togdum (indicative past singular)
togduŋ (indicative past singular)
togdï (indicative past singular)
togduk (indicative past plural)
togdumuz (indicative past plural)
togduŋuz (indicative past plural)
togdï (indicative past plural)
togmïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
togmïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
togmïš (indicative inferential past singular)
togmïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
togmïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
togmïš (indicative inferential past plural)
togdačï ben (future indicative singular)
togmakčï ben (future indicative singular)
togačak ben (future indicative singular)
togdačï sen (future indicative singular)
togmakčï sen (future indicative singular)
togačak sen (future indicative singular)
togdačï (future indicative singular)
togmakčï (future indicative singular)
togačak (future indicative singular)
togdačï biz (future indicative plural)
togmakčï biz (future indicative plural)
togačak biz (future indicative plural)
togdačï siz (future indicative plural)
togmakčï siz (future indicative plural)
togačak siz (future indicative plural)
togdačï (future indicative plural)
togmakčï (future indicative plural)
togačak (future indicative plural)
toggay ben (future indicative singular)
toggay sen (future indicative singular)
toggay (future indicative singular)
toggay biz (future indicative plural)
toggay siz (future indicative plural)
toggay (future indicative plural)
togsukum (future indicative singular)
togsukuŋ (future indicative singular)
togsuk (future indicative singular)
togsukumuz (future indicative plural)
togsukuŋuz (future indicative plural)
togsuk (future indicative plural)
togsam (conditional singular)
togsar ben (conditional singular)
togsaŋ (conditional singular)
togsar sen (conditional singular)
togsa (conditional singular)
togsar (conditional singular)
togsak (conditional plural)
togsamïz (conditional plural)
togsar biz (conditional plural)
togsaŋïz (conditional plural)
togsar siz (conditional plural)
togsalar (conditional plural)
togsar (conditional plural)
toggay ben (optative singular)
toggay sen (optative singular)
toggay (optative singular)
toggay biz (optative plural)
toggay siz (optative plural)
toggay (optative plural)
togmakda ben (progressive singular)
togmakda sen (progressive singular)
togmakda (progressive singular)
togmakda biz (plural progressive)
togmakda siz (plural progressive)
togmakda (plural progressive)
togmalïg ben (necessitative singular)
togmalïg sen (necessitative singular)
togmalïg (necessitative singular)
togmalïg biz (necessitative plural)
togmalïg siz (necessitative plural)
togmalïg (necessitative plural)
togayïn (imperative singular)
tog (imperative singular)
toggïl (imperative singular)
togzun (imperative singular)
togalïm (imperative plural)
toguŋ (imperative plural)
togzun (imperative plural)
togmamak (infinitive negative)
togmagan (negative participle present)
togmagma (negative participle present)
togmaz (negative participle present)
togmaduk (negative participle past)
togmamïš (negative participle past)
togmačï (future negative participle)
togmasïk (future negative participle)
togmayačak (future negative participle)
togmama (negative noun-from-verb)
togmag (negative noun-from-verb)
togmagu (negative noun-from-verb)
togmayuš (adverbial negative)
togmaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
togmaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
togmaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
togmaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
togmaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
togmaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
togmadum (indicative negative past singular)
togmaduŋ (indicative negative past singular)
togmadï (indicative negative past singular)
togmaduk (indicative negative past plural)
togmadumuz (indicative negative past plural)
togmaduŋuz (indicative negative past plural)
togmadï (indicative negative past plural)
togmamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
togmamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
togmamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
togmamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
togmamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
togmamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
togmačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
togmayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
togmačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
togmayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
togmačï (future indicative negative singular)
togmayačak (future indicative negative singular)
togmačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
togmayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
togmačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
togmayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
togmačï (future indicative negative plural)
togmayačak (future indicative negative plural)
togmagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
togmagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
togmagay (future indicative negative singular)
togmagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
togmagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
togmagay (future indicative negative plural)
togmasukum (future indicative negative singular)
togmasukuŋ (future indicative negative singular)
togmasuk (future indicative negative singular)
togmasukumuz (future indicative negative plural)
togmasukuŋuz (future indicative negative plural)
togmasuk (future indicative negative plural)
togmasam (conditional negative singular)
togmasar ben (conditional negative singular)
togmasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
togmasar sen (conditional negative singular)
togmasa (conditional negative singular)
togmasar (conditional negative singular)
togmasak (conditional negative plural)
togmasamïz (conditional negative plural)
togmasar biz (conditional negative plural)
togmasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
togmasar siz (conditional negative plural)
togmasalar (conditional negative plural)
togmasar (conditional negative plural)
togmagay ben (negative optative singular)
togmagay sen (negative optative singular)
togmagay (negative optative singular)
togmagay biz (negative optative plural)
togmagay siz (negative optative plural)
togmagay (negative optative plural)
togmamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
togmamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
togmamakda (negative progressive singular)
togmamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
togmamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
togmamakda (negative plural progressive)
togmamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
togmamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
togmamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
togmamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
togmamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
togmamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
togmayayïn (imperative negative singular)
togma (imperative negative singular)
togmagïl (imperative negative singular)
togmazun (imperative negative singular)
togmayalïm (imperative negative plural)
togmayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
togmazun (imperative negative plural)

Oghur:

>? Bulgar: طن

>? Chuvash: ту (tu, “to do, make”)

Arghu:

Khalaj: toğmaq

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: طُوغْمَقْ

Azerbaijani: doğmaq

Gagauz: duumaa

Ottoman Turkish: طوغمق

Turkish: doğmak

Salar: doğğusı

Turkmen: dogmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (tog-)

Chagatai:

Uyghur: تۇغۇلماق (tughulmaq)

Uzbek: tugʻilmoq

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: [script needed] (tuv-)

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (tuv-)

Karaim: [script needed] (tuv-)

Kumyk: [script needed] (tuv-)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: тыуыу (tıwıw)

desc

Tatar: туырга (tuwırga), туу (tuwu), тудыру (tudıru)

South Kipchak:

Kipchak-Nogai:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (tuv-)

Kazakh: туу (tuu)

Nogai: [script needed] (tuv-)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: туулуу (tuuluu)

Southern Altai: туур (tuur), туулар (tuular)

Siberian:

⇒ Old Turkic: 𐱃𐰆𐰍𐰽𐰴 (toɣsïq)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tog-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (toɣ-)

(Common Turkic, intransitive) to be born


ögren-

trk-cmn-conj-head

ögrenteči, ögrenmekči, ögrensik, ögreneček

ögrenteči ben, ögrenmekči ben, ögreneček ben

ögrenteči sen, ögrenmekči sen, ögreneček sen

ögrenteči biz, ögrenmekči biz, ögreneček biz

ögrenteči siz, ögrenmekči siz, ögreneček siz

ögrenmesek, ögrenmesemiz, ögrenmeser biz

ögrenmek (infinitive)
ögrengen (participle present)
ögrenigme (participle present)
ögrenür (participle present)
ögrentük (participle past)
ögrenmiš (participle past)
ögrenteči (future participle)
ögrenmekči (future participle)
ögrensik (future participle)
ögreneček (future participle)
ögrenme (noun-from-verb)
ögrenig (noun-from-verb)
ögrengü (noun-from-verb)
ögreniš (adverbial)
ögrenür ben (aorist indicative singular)
ögrenür sen (aorist indicative singular)
ögrenür (aorist indicative singular)
ögrenür biz (aorist indicative plural)
ögrenür siz (aorist indicative plural)
ögrenür (aorist indicative plural)
ögrentim (indicative past singular)
ögrentiŋ (indicative past singular)
ögrenti (indicative past singular)
ögrentik (indicative past plural)
ögrentimiz (indicative past plural)
ögrentiŋiz (indicative past plural)
ögrenti (indicative past plural)
ögrenmiš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
ögrenmiš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
ögrenmiš (indicative inferential past singular)
ögrenmiš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
ögrenmiš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
ögrenmiš (indicative inferential past plural)
ögrenteči ben (future indicative singular)
ögrenmekči ben (future indicative singular)
ögreneček ben (future indicative singular)
ögrenteči sen (future indicative singular)
ögrenmekči sen (future indicative singular)
ögreneček sen (future indicative singular)
ögrenteči (future indicative singular)
ögrenmekči (future indicative singular)
ögreneček (future indicative singular)
ögrenteči biz (future indicative plural)
ögrenmekči biz (future indicative plural)
ögreneček biz (future indicative plural)
ögrenteči siz (future indicative plural)
ögrenmekči siz (future indicative plural)
ögreneček siz (future indicative plural)
ögrenteči (future indicative plural)
ögrenmekči (future indicative plural)
ögreneček (future indicative plural)
ögrengey ben (future indicative singular)
ögrengey sen (future indicative singular)
ögrengey (future indicative singular)
ögrengey biz (future indicative plural)
ögrengey siz (future indicative plural)
ögrengey (future indicative plural)
ögrensikim (future indicative singular)
ögrensikiŋ (future indicative singular)
ögrensik (future indicative singular)
ögrensikimiz (future indicative plural)
ögrensikiŋiz (future indicative plural)
ögrensik (future indicative plural)
ögrensem (conditional singular)
ögrenser ben (conditional singular)
ögrenseŋ (conditional singular)
ögrenser sen (conditional singular)
ögrense (conditional singular)
ögrenser (conditional singular)
ögrensek (conditional plural)
ögrensemiz (conditional plural)
ögrenser biz (conditional plural)
ögrenseŋiz (conditional plural)
ögrenser siz (conditional plural)
ögrenseler (conditional plural)
ögrenser (conditional plural)
ögrengey ben (optative singular)
ögrengey sen (optative singular)
ögrengey (optative singular)
ögrengey biz (optative plural)
ögrengey siz (optative plural)
ögrengey (optative plural)
ögrenmekde ben (progressive singular)
ögrenmekde sen (progressive singular)
ögrenmekde (progressive singular)
ögrenmekde biz (plural progressive)
ögrenmekde siz (plural progressive)
ögrenmekde (plural progressive)
ögrenmelig ben (necessitative singular)
ögrenmelig sen (necessitative singular)
ögrenmelig (necessitative singular)
ögrenmelig biz (necessitative plural)
ögrenmelig siz (necessitative plural)
ögrenmelig (necessitative plural)
ögreneyin (imperative singular)
ögren (imperative singular)
ögrengil (imperative singular)
ögrenzün (imperative singular)
ögrenelim (imperative plural)
ögreniŋ (imperative plural)
ögrenzün (imperative plural)
ögrenmemek (infinitive negative)
ögrenmegen (negative participle present)
ögrenmegme (negative participle present)
ögrenmez (negative participle present)
ögrenmedük (negative participle past)
ögrenmemiš (negative participle past)
ögrenmeči (future negative participle)
ögrenmesik (future negative participle)
ögrenmeyeček (future negative participle)
ögrenmeme (negative noun-from-verb)
ögrenmeg (negative noun-from-verb)
ögrenmegü (negative noun-from-verb)
ögrenmeyiš (adverbial negative)
ögrenmez ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
ögrenmez sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
ögrenmez (aorist indicative negative singular)
ögrenmez biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
ögrenmez siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
ögrenmez (aorist indicative negative plural)
ögrenmedim (indicative negative past singular)
ögrenmediŋ (indicative negative past singular)
ögrenmedi (indicative negative past singular)
ögrenmedik (indicative negative past plural)
ögrenmedimiz (indicative negative past plural)
ögrenmediŋiz (indicative negative past plural)
ögrenmedi (indicative negative past plural)
ögrenmemiš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
ögrenmemiš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
ögrenmemiš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
ögrenmemiš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
ögrenmemiš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
ögrenmemiš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
ögrenmeči ben (future indicative negative singular)
ögrenmeyeček ben (future indicative negative singular)
ögrenmeči sen (future indicative negative singular)
ögrenmeyeček sen (future indicative negative singular)
ögrenmeči (future indicative negative singular)
ögrenmeyeček (future indicative negative singular)
ögrenmeči biz (future indicative negative plural)
ögrenmeyeček biz (future indicative negative plural)
ögrenmeči siz (future indicative negative plural)
ögrenmeyeček siz (future indicative negative plural)
ögrenmeči (future indicative negative plural)
ögrenmeyeček (future indicative negative plural)
ögrenmegey ben (future indicative negative singular)
ögrenmegey sen (future indicative negative singular)
ögrenmegey (future indicative negative singular)
ögrenmegey biz (future indicative negative plural)
ögrenmegey siz (future indicative negative plural)
ögrenmegey (future indicative negative plural)
ögrenmesikim (future indicative negative singular)
ögrenmesikiŋ (future indicative negative singular)
ögrenmesik (future indicative negative singular)
ögrenmesikimiz (future indicative negative plural)
ögrenmesikiŋiz (future indicative negative plural)
ögrenmesik (future indicative negative plural)
ögrenmesem (conditional negative singular)
ögrenmeser ben (conditional negative singular)
ögrenmeseŋ (conditional negative singular)
ögrenmeser sen (conditional negative singular)
ögrenmese (conditional negative singular)
ögrenmeser (conditional negative singular)
ögrenmesek (conditional negative plural)
ögrenmesemiz (conditional negative plural)
ögrenmeser biz (conditional negative plural)
ögrenmeseŋiz (conditional negative plural)
ögrenmeser siz (conditional negative plural)
ögrenmeseler (conditional negative plural)
ögrenmeser (conditional negative plural)
ögrenmegey ben (negative optative singular)
ögrenmegey sen (negative optative singular)
ögrenmegey (negative optative singular)
ögrenmegey biz (negative optative plural)
ögrenmegey siz (negative optative plural)
ögrenmegey (negative optative plural)
ögrenmemekde ben (negative progressive singular)
ögrenmemekde sen (negative progressive singular)
ögrenmemekde (negative progressive singular)
ögrenmemekde biz (negative plural progressive)
ögrenmemekde siz (negative plural progressive)
ögrenmemekde (negative plural progressive)
ögrenmemelig ben (necessitative negative singular)
ögrenmemelig sen (necessitative negative singular)
ögrenmemelig (necessitative negative singular)
ögrenmemelig biz (necessitative negative plural)
ögrenmemelig siz (necessitative negative plural)
ögrenmemelig (necessitative negative plural)
ögrenmeyeyin (imperative negative singular)
ögrenme (imperative negative singular)
ögrenmegil (imperative negative singular)
ögrenmezün (imperative negative singular)
ögrenmeyelim (imperative negative plural)
ögrenmeyiŋ (imperative negative plural)
ögrenmezün (imperative negative plural)

Oghur:

desc

Chuvash: вӗрен (vĕren, “to get used to; to learn”)

⇒ Chuvash: вӗрент (vĕrent, “to teach; to make memorize”)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: öyrənmək, irgənmək

Oghuz:

desctree

Old Anatolian Turkish: اوكرنمك (ögrenmek), اوركنمك (örgenmek)
Azerbaijani: öyrənmək
Gagauz: üürenmää
Ottoman Turkish: اوكرنمك (öğrenmek)
Turkish: öğrenmek

Salar: örgen

Turkmen: öwrenmek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [Term?] (/ögrenmek/)

Khorezmian Turkic: اوکرانماک (ögränmäk)

Chagatai: اورکانماک (örgänmäk)

Uyghur: ئۆگەنمەك (ögenmek)

Uzbek: oʻrganmoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: өйрәнеү (öyrənew)

Tatar: өйрәнү (öyränü)

West Kipchak:

Crimeanic Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: üyrenmek

Urum: ӧргениер (örgjenier)

Karachay-Balkar: юрениргъе (yurenirğe)

Karaim: ӧгрен (ögren), ӧрен (ören)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: üyrenü

Kazakh: үйрену (üirenu)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: үйрөнүү (üyrönüü)

Southern Altai: ӱренер (ürener)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

desc

Old Uyghur: ʾwykrʾn- (ögren-, “to get used to”)

⇒ Old Uyghur: ʾwykrʾnmyš (ögrenmiš, “accustomed”)

Western Yugur: jørɣin, jørɣen

North Siberian:

Dolgan: үөрен

Yakut: үөрэн (üören)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tofa: өөрен

Tuvan: өөренир (öörenir)

Yeniseian Turkic:

Khakas: ӱгренерге (ügrenerge)

Northern Altai: ӱгренерге (ügrenerge)

Erdal, Nişanyan, Clauson and Tekin suggest a derivation *ögür (“herd”) + *-e- + *-n- with an earlier meaning of "to get accustomed to, be tamed, learn".
Sevortjan and Räsänen have both suggested a derivation from *ȫg (“mind”), however this is impossible from a morphological standpoint as there is no *-ra- denominal verbal suffix.


ögret-

trk-cmn-conj-head

ögretdeči, ögretmekči, ögretsik, ögreteček

ögretdeči ben, ögretmekči ben, ögreteček ben

ögretdeči sen, ögretmekči sen, ögreteček sen

ögretdeči biz, ögretmekči biz, ögreteček biz

ögretdeči siz, ögretmekči siz, ögreteček siz

ögretmesek, ögretmesemiz, ögretmeser biz

ögretmek (infinitive)
ögretgen (participle present)
ögretigme (participle present)
ögretür (participle present)
ögretdük (participle past)
ögretmiš (participle past)
ögretdeči (future participle)
ögretmekči (future participle)
ögretsik (future participle)
ögreteček (future participle)
ögretme (noun-from-verb)
ögretig (noun-from-verb)
ögretgü (noun-from-verb)
ögretiš (adverbial)
ögretür ben (aorist indicative singular)
ögretür sen (aorist indicative singular)
ögretür (aorist indicative singular)
ögretür biz (aorist indicative plural)
ögretür siz (aorist indicative plural)
ögretür (aorist indicative plural)
ögretdim (indicative past singular)
ögretdiŋ (indicative past singular)
ögretdi (indicative past singular)
ögretdik (indicative past plural)
ögretdimiz (indicative past plural)
ögretdiŋiz (indicative past plural)
ögretdi (indicative past plural)
ögretmiš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
ögretmiš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
ögretmiš (indicative inferential past singular)
ögretmiš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
ögretmiš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
ögretmiš (indicative inferential past plural)
ögretdeči ben (future indicative singular)
ögretmekči ben (future indicative singular)
ögreteček ben (future indicative singular)
ögretdeči sen (future indicative singular)
ögretmekči sen (future indicative singular)
ögreteček sen (future indicative singular)
ögretdeči (future indicative singular)
ögretmekči (future indicative singular)
ögreteček (future indicative singular)
ögretdeči biz (future indicative plural)
ögretmekči biz (future indicative plural)
ögreteček biz (future indicative plural)
ögretdeči siz (future indicative plural)
ögretmekči siz (future indicative plural)
ögreteček siz (future indicative plural)
ögretdeči (future indicative plural)
ögretmekči (future indicative plural)
ögreteček (future indicative plural)
ögretgey ben (future indicative singular)
ögretgey sen (future indicative singular)
ögretgey (future indicative singular)
ögretgey biz (future indicative plural)
ögretgey siz (future indicative plural)
ögretgey (future indicative plural)
ögretsikim (future indicative singular)
ögretsikiŋ (future indicative singular)
ögretsik (future indicative singular)
ögretsikimiz (future indicative plural)
ögretsikiŋiz (future indicative plural)
ögretsik (future indicative plural)
ögretsem (conditional singular)
ögretser ben (conditional singular)
ögretseŋ (conditional singular)
ögretser sen (conditional singular)
ögretse (conditional singular)
ögretser (conditional singular)
ögretsek (conditional plural)
ögretsemiz (conditional plural)
ögretser biz (conditional plural)
ögretseŋiz (conditional plural)
ögretser siz (conditional plural)
ögretseler (conditional plural)
ögretser (conditional plural)
ögretgey ben (optative singular)
ögretgey sen (optative singular)
ögretgey (optative singular)
ögretgey biz (optative plural)
ögretgey siz (optative plural)
ögretgey (optative plural)
ögretmekde ben (progressive singular)
ögretmekde sen (progressive singular)
ögretmekde (progressive singular)
ögretmekde biz (plural progressive)
ögretmekde siz (plural progressive)
ögretmekde (plural progressive)
ögretmelig ben (necessitative singular)
ögretmelig sen (necessitative singular)
ögretmelig (necessitative singular)
ögretmelig biz (necessitative plural)
ögretmelig siz (necessitative plural)
ögretmelig (necessitative plural)
ögreteyin (imperative singular)
ögret (imperative singular)
ögretgil (imperative singular)
ögretzün (imperative singular)
ögretelim (imperative plural)
ögretiŋ (imperative plural)
ögretzün (imperative plural)
ögretmemek (infinitive negative)
ögretmegen (negative participle present)
ögretmegme (negative participle present)
ögretmez (negative participle present)
ögretmedük (negative participle past)
ögretmemiš (negative participle past)
ögretmeči (future negative participle)
ögretmesik (future negative participle)
ögretmeyeček (future negative participle)
ögretmeme (negative noun-from-verb)
ögretmeg (negative noun-from-verb)
ögretmegü (negative noun-from-verb)
ögretmeyiš (adverbial negative)
ögretmez ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
ögretmez sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
ögretmez (aorist indicative negative singular)
ögretmez biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
ögretmez siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
ögretmez (aorist indicative negative plural)
ögretmedim (indicative negative past singular)
ögretmediŋ (indicative negative past singular)
ögretmedi (indicative negative past singular)
ögretmedik (indicative negative past plural)
ögretmedimiz (indicative negative past plural)
ögretmediŋiz (indicative negative past plural)
ögretmedi (indicative negative past plural)
ögretmemiš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
ögretmemiš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
ögretmemiš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
ögretmemiš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
ögretmemiš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
ögretmemiš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
ögretmeči ben (future indicative negative singular)
ögretmeyeček ben (future indicative negative singular)
ögretmeči sen (future indicative negative singular)
ögretmeyeček sen (future indicative negative singular)
ögretmeči (future indicative negative singular)
ögretmeyeček (future indicative negative singular)
ögretmeči biz (future indicative negative plural)
ögretmeyeček biz (future indicative negative plural)
ögretmeči siz (future indicative negative plural)
ögretmeyeček siz (future indicative negative plural)
ögretmeči (future indicative negative plural)
ögretmeyeček (future indicative negative plural)
ögretmegey ben (future indicative negative singular)
ögretmegey sen (future indicative negative singular)
ögretmegey (future indicative negative singular)
ögretmegey biz (future indicative negative plural)
ögretmegey siz (future indicative negative plural)
ögretmegey (future indicative negative plural)
ögretmesikim (future indicative negative singular)
ögretmesikiŋ (future indicative negative singular)
ögretmesik (future indicative negative singular)
ögretmesikimiz (future indicative negative plural)
ögretmesikiŋiz (future indicative negative plural)
ögretmesik (future indicative negative plural)
ögretmesem (conditional negative singular)
ögretmeser ben (conditional negative singular)
ögretmeseŋ (conditional negative singular)
ögretmeser sen (conditional negative singular)
ögretmese (conditional negative singular)
ögretmeser (conditional negative singular)
ögretmesek (conditional negative plural)
ögretmesemiz (conditional negative plural)
ögretmeser biz (conditional negative plural)
ögretmeseŋiz (conditional negative plural)
ögretmeser siz (conditional negative plural)
ögretmeseler (conditional negative plural)
ögretmeser (conditional negative plural)
ögretmegey ben (negative optative singular)
ögretmegey sen (negative optative singular)
ögretmegey (negative optative singular)
ögretmegey biz (negative optative plural)
ögretmegey siz (negative optative plural)
ögretmegey (negative optative plural)
ögretmemekde ben (negative progressive singular)
ögretmemekde sen (negative progressive singular)
ögretmemekde (negative progressive singular)
ögretmemekde biz (negative plural progressive)
ögretmemekde siz (negative plural progressive)
ögretmemekde (negative plural progressive)
ögretmemelig ben (necessitative negative singular)
ögretmemelig sen (necessitative negative singular)
ögretmemelig (necessitative negative singular)
ögretmemelig biz (necessitative negative plural)
ögretmemelig siz (necessitative negative plural)
ögretmemelig (necessitative negative plural)
ögretmeyeyin (imperative negative singular)
ögretme (imperative negative singular)
ögretmegil (imperative negative singular)
ögretmezün (imperative negative singular)
ögretmeyelim (imperative negative plural)
ögretmeyiŋ (imperative negative plural)
ögretmezün (imperative negative plural)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: irgətmək

Oghuz:

desctree

Old Anatolian Turkish: اوكرتمك (ögretmek), اوركردمك (ögredmek)
Azerbaijani: öyrətmək
Gagauz: üüretmää
Ottoman Turkish: اوكرتمك, էօյրէթմէք (öyretmek) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: öğretmek

Salar: örget

Turkmen: öwretmek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (ögretmēk)

Chagatai: اورکاتماک (örgätmäk), اوکراتماک (ögrätmäk)
Uyghur: ئۆگەتمەك (ögetmek)
Uzbek: oʻrgatmoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: өйрәтеү (öyrətew)

Tatar: өйрәтү (öyrätü)

West Kipchak:

Crimeanic Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: üyretmek

Urum: ӧргетиер (örgjetier)

Karachay-Balkar: юретиргъе (yuretirğe)

Karaim: ӧгрет (ögret), ӧрет (öret)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: üyretü

Kazakh: үйрету (üiretu)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: үйрөтүү (üyrötüü)

Southern Altai: ӱредер (üreder)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

desc

Old Uyghur: ʾwykrʾt- (ögret-, “to teach”)

⇒ Old Uyghur: ʾwykrʾtyn- (ögretin-, “to learn”)

⇒ Old Uyghur: ʾwykrʾtyk (ögretig, “habit, tradition”)

Western Yugur: jørɣit, jørɣed

North Siberian:

Dolgan: үөрет

Yakut: үөрэт (üöret)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tofa: өөрет

Tuvan: өөредир (ööredir)

Yeniseian Turkic:

Khakas: ӱгредерге (ügrederge)

Northern Altai: ӱгредерге (ügrederge)

Erdal, Nişanyan, Clauson and Tekin suggest a derivation *ögür (“herd”) + *-e- + *-t- with an earlier meaning of "to familiarize, tame, teach".
Sevortjan and Räsänen have both suggested a derivation from *ȫg (“mind”), however this is impossible from a morphological standpoint as there is no *-ra- denominal verbal suffix.


ček-

čekmek (infinitive)
čekgen (participle present)
čekigme (participle present)
čeker (participle present)
čekdük (participle past)
čekmiš (participle past)
čekdeči (future participle)
čekmekči (future participle)
čeksik (future participle)
čekeček (future participle)
čekme (noun-from-verb)
čekig (noun-from-verb)
čekgü (noun-from-verb)
čekiš (adverbial)
čeker ben (aorist indicative singular)
čeker sen (aorist indicative singular)
čeker (aorist indicative singular)
čeker biz (aorist indicative plural)
čeker siz (aorist indicative plural)
čeker (aorist indicative plural)
čekdim (indicative past singular)
čekdiŋ (indicative past singular)
čekdi (indicative past singular)
čekdik (indicative past plural)
čekdimiz (indicative past plural)
čekdiŋiz (indicative past plural)
čekdi (indicative past plural)
čekmiš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
čekmiš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
čekmiš (indicative inferential past singular)
čekmiš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
čekmiš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
čekmiš (indicative inferential past plural)
čekdeči ben (future indicative singular)
čekmekči ben (future indicative singular)
čekeček ben (future indicative singular)
čekdeči sen (future indicative singular)
čekmekči sen (future indicative singular)
čekeček sen (future indicative singular)
čekdeči (future indicative singular)
čekmekči (future indicative singular)
čekeček (future indicative singular)
čekdeči biz (future indicative plural)
čekmekči biz (future indicative plural)
čekeček biz (future indicative plural)
čekdeči siz (future indicative plural)
čekmekči siz (future indicative plural)
čekeček siz (future indicative plural)
čekdeči (future indicative plural)
čekmekči (future indicative plural)
čekeček (future indicative plural)
čekgey ben (future indicative singular)
čekgey sen (future indicative singular)
čekgey (future indicative singular)
čekgey biz (future indicative plural)
čekgey siz (future indicative plural)
čekgey (future indicative plural)
čeksikim (future indicative singular)
čeksikiŋ (future indicative singular)
čeksik (future indicative singular)
čeksikimiz (future indicative plural)
čeksikiŋiz (future indicative plural)
čeksik (future indicative plural)
čeksem (conditional singular)
čekser ben (conditional singular)
čekseŋ (conditional singular)
čekser sen (conditional singular)
čekse (conditional singular)
čekser (conditional singular)
čeksek (conditional plural)
čeksemiz (conditional plural)
čekser biz (conditional plural)
čekseŋiz (conditional plural)
čekser siz (conditional plural)
čekseler (conditional plural)
čekser (conditional plural)
čekgey ben (optative singular)
čekgey sen (optative singular)
čekgey (optative singular)
čekgey biz (optative plural)
čekgey siz (optative plural)
čekgey (optative plural)
čekmekde ben (progressive singular)
čekmekde sen (progressive singular)
čekmekde (progressive singular)
čekmekde biz (plural progressive)
čekmekde siz (plural progressive)
čekmekde (plural progressive)
čekmelig ben (necessitative singular)
čekmelig sen (necessitative singular)
čekmelig (necessitative singular)
čekmelig biz (necessitative plural)
čekmelig siz (necessitative plural)
čekmelig (necessitative plural)
čekeyin (imperative singular)
ček (imperative singular)
čekgil (imperative singular)
čekzün (imperative singular)
čekelim (imperative plural)
čekiŋ (imperative plural)
čekzün (imperative plural)
čekmemek (infinitive negative)
čekmegen (negative participle present)
čekmegme (negative participle present)
čekmez (negative participle present)
čekmedük (negative participle past)
čekmemiš (negative participle past)
čekmeči (future negative participle)
čekmesik (future negative participle)
čekmeyeček (future negative participle)
čekmeme (negative noun-from-verb)
čekmeg (negative noun-from-verb)
čekmegü (negative noun-from-verb)
čekmeyiš (adverbial negative)
čekmez ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
čekmez sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
čekmez (aorist indicative negative singular)
čekmez biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
čekmez siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
čekmez (aorist indicative negative plural)
čekmedim (indicative negative past singular)
čekmediŋ (indicative negative past singular)
čekmedi (indicative negative past singular)
čekmedik (indicative negative past plural)
čekmedimiz (indicative negative past plural)
čekmediŋiz (indicative negative past plural)
čekmedi (indicative negative past plural)
čekmemiš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
čekmemiš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
čekmemiš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
čekmemiš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
čekmemiš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
čekmemiš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
čekmeči ben (future indicative negative singular)
čekmeyeček ben (future indicative negative singular)
čekmeči sen (future indicative negative singular)
čekmeyeček sen (future indicative negative singular)
čekmeči (future indicative negative singular)
čekmeyeček (future indicative negative singular)
čekmeči biz (future indicative negative plural)
čekmeyeček biz (future indicative negative plural)
čekmeči siz (future indicative negative plural)
čekmeyeček siz (future indicative negative plural)
čekmeči (future indicative negative plural)
čekmeyeček (future indicative negative plural)
čekmegey ben (future indicative negative singular)
čekmegey sen (future indicative negative singular)
čekmegey (future indicative negative singular)
čekmegey biz (future indicative negative plural)
čekmegey siz (future indicative negative plural)
čekmegey (future indicative negative plural)
čekmesikim (future indicative negative singular)
čekmesikiŋ (future indicative negative singular)
čekmesik (future indicative negative singular)
čekmesikimiz (future indicative negative plural)
čekmesikiŋiz (future indicative negative plural)
čekmesik (future indicative negative plural)
čekmesem (conditional negative singular)
čekmeser ben (conditional negative singular)
čekmeseŋ (conditional negative singular)
čekmeser sen (conditional negative singular)
čekmese (conditional negative singular)
čekmeser (conditional negative singular)
čekmesek (conditional negative plural)
čekmesemiz (conditional negative plural)
čekmeser biz (conditional negative plural)
čekmeseŋiz (conditional negative plural)
čekmeser siz (conditional negative plural)
čekmeseler (conditional negative plural)
čekmeser (conditional negative plural)
čekmegey ben (negative optative singular)
čekmegey sen (negative optative singular)
čekmegey (negative optative singular)
čekmegey biz (negative optative plural)
čekmegey siz (negative optative plural)
čekmegey (negative optative plural)
čekmemekde ben (negative progressive singular)
čekmemekde sen (negative progressive singular)
čekmemekde (negative progressive singular)
čekmemekde biz (negative plural progressive)
čekmemekde siz (negative plural progressive)
čekmemekde (negative plural progressive)
čekmemelig ben (necessitative negative singular)
čekmemelig sen (necessitative negative singular)
čekmemelig (necessitative negative singular)
čekmemelig biz (necessitative negative plural)
čekmemelig siz (necessitative negative plural)
čekmemelig (necessitative negative plural)
čekmeyeyin (imperative negative singular)
čekme (imperative negative singular)
čekmegil (imperative negative singular)
čekmezün (imperative negative singular)
čekmeyelim (imperative negative plural)
čekmeyiŋ (imperative negative plural)
čekmezün (imperative negative plural)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫак (śak, “to hang”)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: çəkmək

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: چَكْمَكْ (çäkmäk)

Ajem Turkic:

Azerbaijani: çəkmək

Qashqai: چكمك

Gagauz: çekmää

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: چكمك (çekmek)
Turkish: çekmek
→? Crimean Tatar: çekmek

Salar: çikgüsi

Turkmen: çekmek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: جَكْماكْ (“çekmēk”)

Uyghur: چەكمەك (chekmek)

Uzbek: chekmoq

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: шегу (şegu)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: чегүү (cegüü)

(Arghu, Oghuz, transitive) to pull toward oneself


togun

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: туган (tuğan)


ań-

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اَيِغْ (ayïg)

Siberian:

desc

Old Turkic: 𐰪 (ań-), 𐰪𐱃 (ańït-, “to frighten”), 𐰪𐰃𐰍 (ańïg, “bad”)

⇒ Old Uyghur: ʾʾyyγ (ayïg), 𐰖𐰃𐰣 (y¹in¹ /ayın-/)

North Siberian:

⇒ Dolgan: аньыы

⇒ Yakut: аньыы (anyıı)


eg-

Oghur:

Proto-Bulgar: *äŋ-

→ Hungarian: enged

Chuvash: ав (av)

Viryal Chuvash: ай (aj)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: əymək

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: اكمك (egmek)

Azerbaijani: əymək

Ottoman Turkish: اگمك (eğmek)

Turkish: eğmek

Turkmen: egmek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اَكْماكْ (egmek)

Uyghur: ئەگمەك (egmek)

Uzbek: egmoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: эйеү (eyew)

West Kipchak:

⇒ Crimean Tatar: egilmek (“to bow down”)

Karachay-Balkar: иег (iyeg)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: ию (iü)

Nogai: июв (iyuv)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: ийүү (iyüü)

Southern Altai: ийер (iyer)

Siberian:

Orkhon Turkic: 𐰏 (g /eg-/, “to bow, to encircle”), [Term?] (/eŋ-/, “to bend”), 𐰏𐰼 (gr² /egir-/, “to spin, to encircle, to wind”)

Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽺𐽶𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ʾnytmʾk /eŋitmäk/, “to bend, curven”), 𐽰𐽷𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ʾkmʾk /egmek/, “to bend”), 𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ʾnkmʾk /eŋmek/, “to bend”), 𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽼𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ʾkypmʾk /egipmek/, “to bend”), 𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽶𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ʾnkyrmʾk /eŋirmek/, “to spin”)

North Siberian:

Yakut: иэх (ieq)

Dolgan: иэк

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: ээр (eer)

Tofa: ээр

Yenisei Turkic:

Shor: эг, ээл

→ Mongolian: ээрэх (eerex, “to spin thread”)


eĺ-

Oghur:

Chuvash: алт (alt)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: eşmək

Ottoman Turkish: اشمك

Gagauz: eşmää

Turkish: eşmek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اَشْماكْ (eşmek)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: ишеү (işew)

→ Chuvash: иш (iš)

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: эжер (ežer, “to row”)

Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: эжер (ejer)


kar-

Siberian:

Yakut: хар (qar, “to block off”)

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *karïĺč-

Oghur:

Chuvash: хирӗҫ (hirĕś)

Common Turkic:

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (karışmak)

Kipchak:

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: карышуу (karışuu)

Southern Altai: карыжар (karïžar, “to evade”)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (karış-)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: карыс

Yakut: харыс (qarıs)

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *karĺčï

Oghur:

Chuvash: хирӗҫ (hirĕś)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: قارشو (qarşu)

Azerbaijani: qarşı

Gagauz: karşı

Ottoman Turkish: قارشو (karşı, karşu)

Turkish: karşı

Turkmen: garşy

Karluk:

Chagatai:

Uyghur: قارشى (qarshi)

Uzbek: qarshi

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡаршы (qarşı)

Tatar: каршы (qarşı)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: қарсы (qarsy)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: карсы (karsı)

⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *karšut

⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *karu

Karakhanid: [script needed] (karu)

⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *karak (“bandit”)


čog-

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (çokra-)

Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (çokra-)

Turkmen: çogmak

Karluk:

⇒ Karakhanid: جُقْراماقْ (çoqramaq, “to boil”)


āt-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ут (ut), утӑм (ut̬ăm)

Dolgan: атыллаа

Proto-Common Turkic:
** Proto-Oghuz: *āt-, *ātla-, *ādïm
*** Old Anatolian Turkish: آدمق (ad-)
**** Azerbaijani: addım
**** Ottoman Turkish: آدمق (ad-)
***** Gagauz: adım, atlamaa
***** Turkish: adım, adım atmak, atlamak
*** Salar: atlağusı
*** Turkmen: ätmek, ädim, ätlemek
** Karluk:
*** Karakhanid:
**** Khorezmian Turkic:
***** Chagatai:
****** Uzbek: odim
****** Uyghur: [script needed] (atlimaq)
** Kipchak:
*** Kipchak: [script needed] (atlam), [script needed] (adım)
**** North Kipchak:
***** Bashkir: аҙым (aźım)
***** Tatar: адым (adım)
**** West Kipchak:
***** Crimean Tatar:
***** Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (atla-)
***** Karaim: [script needed] (adım)
**** South Kipchak:
***** Caspian:
****** Karakalpak: [script needed] (atlav), [script needed] (adım)
****** Kazakh: аттау (attau), адым (adym)
****** Nogai: [script needed] (atla-), [script needed] (adım)
***** Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
****** Kyrgyz: адым (adım)
****** Southern Altai: адым (adïm), алтаар (altaar), алтам (altam) (<*atla-)
** Siberian:
*** Old Turkic:
**** Old Kirghiz:
***** Shor: [script needed] (alta-)
***** Khakas: [script needed] (alta-)
*** North Siberian:
**** Dolgan: атыллаа
**** Yakut: атыллаа (atıllaa)


ȫkür-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ӳхӗр (üh̬ĕr)

Common Turkic:

→ Proto-Mongolic: *ogi- (“to belch, nauseate”), *ogsi-

→ Karakhanid: اُقٖيماقْ (oqï:ma:q)

→ Tuvan: [script needed] (okï-)

→ Southern Altai: [script needed] (okï-)

→ Uzbek: o‘qchimoq

→ Tatar: [script needed] (ukši-)

Oghuz: *ȫgür-

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: öyümək

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: اوكورمك, اوكرمك (öğürmek)
Turkish: öğürmek

Salar: öhregüsi

Turkmen: ȫgemek

Karluk: *ökür-

Chagatai:

Uzbek: o‘kirmoq

Kipchak: *ökür-

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: [script needed] (üker-)

Tatar: [script needed] (üker-)

West Kipchak:

desc

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (yökür-)

Kumyk: [script needed] (ökür-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: өкіру (ökıru)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: өкүрүү (ökürüü)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: өҕүй (öğüy)


yāz-

Proto-Common Turkic: *yāz-

Oghuz

Old Anatolian Turkish: یازمق (yazmaq)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: یَزْماقْ (yazmaq)

Chagatai:

Uzbek: yozmoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: язу (yazu)

Bashkir: яҙыу (yaźıw)

West Kipchak:

Kipchak: jazdím (“I missed”) (Codex Cumanicus)

Karachay-Balkar: джазыу (cazıu)

Kumyk: языкъ (yazıq)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: жазу (jazu)

Karakalpak: жазыў

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жазуу (jazuu)

Southern Altai: јас- (ǰas-)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yaz-)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: һыыс

Yakut: сыыс (sııs)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: [script needed] (čas-)

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (čas-)

⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *yāz-uk (“mistake, error; sin”), *yāz-ïk,

Oghuz:

desctree

Old Anatolian Turkish: یازق (yazuq), یازوق (yazuq), یزق (yazuq), یازوخ (yazuḫ), یازغ (yazuġ)
Azerbaijani: yazıq
→ Armenian: յազըխ (yazəx)
→ Lezgi: язух (äzuꭓ), язугь (äzuh)
Gagauz: yazık
Ottoman Turkish: یازق (yazık)
Turkish: yazık

Salar: yasuq

Turkmen: ýāzyk

Karluk:

Karakhanid: یازُقْ (yāzuq)

Chagatai: یازوق (yazuq)

Uzbek: yoziq

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Bulgar:

Bashkir: яҙыҡ (yaźıq)

Tatar: язык (yazıq)

Kipchak-Cuman:

desc

Kipchak: yazoc, yazuc, jæzíh, iezik, iazuk, yaxuc

Crimean Tatar: yazıq

desctree

Kumyk: языкъ (yazıq)
→ Avar: язихъ (jaziqx)

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: жазық (jazyq)

Nogai: [script needed] (yazıq)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жазык (jazık)

Southern Altai: јазык (ǰazïk)

Siberian Turkic:

Old Uyghur: 𐽶𐽰𐽴𐽳𐽲 (yʾzwq /yazuḳ/)

South Siberian Turkic:

Yenisei:

Khakas: чазых (çazıx)


yāz-

Oghuz:

Turkmen: ýāzmak

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Cuman:

Kipchak: jazarmen (Codex Cumanicus)


ekši-

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

⇒ Azerbaijani: əkşi

Ottoman Turkish: اكشیمك, اكشی

Gagauz: iişimää, iişi

Turkish: ekşimek, ekşi, yüzünü ekşitmek

→ Crimean Tatar: ekşimek

desc

→ Karaim: [script needed] (ekşi-), [script needed] (ekşi)

→? Chuvash: йӗксӳ (jĕksü) (If borrowed from Oghuz)

⇒ Turkmen: ýüzüňi egşitmek

Karluk: (If not borrowed from Oghuz)

⇒ Karakhanid: اَكْشِكْ (ekşig)

Chagatai: [script needed] (ekşi-)

Generally considered simplex, however EDAL, based on Proto-Mongolic *hekexün (“sour”) and Manchu ᡶᡝᡴᠴᡠᡥᡠᠨ (fekcuhun, “astringent”) under the disputed Altaic theory, suggests a derivation from *ek-, however there does not exist a suffix *-ĺči-.
There is no note of Oghuz dialect in اَكْشِكْ (ekşig) in Kashgarî's dictionary.

noncog

(Oghuz, intransitive) to become sour, acid


taya-

trk-cmn-conj-head

tayadačï ben, tayamakčï ben, tayayačak ben

tayadačï sen, tayamakčï sen, tayayačak sen

tayadačï biz, tayamakčï biz, tayayačak biz

tayadačï siz, tayamakčï siz, tayayačak siz

tayamak (infinitive)
tayagan (participle present)
tayagma (participle present)
tayar (participle present)
tayaduk (participle past)
tayamïš (participle past)
tayadačï (future participle)
tayamakčï (future participle)
tayasïk (future participle)
tayayačak (future participle)
tayama (noun-from-verb)
tayag (noun-from-verb)
tayagu (noun-from-verb)
tayaš (adverbial)
tayar ben (aorist indicative singular)
tayar sen (aorist indicative singular)
tayar (aorist indicative singular)
tayar biz (aorist indicative plural)
tayar siz (aorist indicative plural)
tayar (aorist indicative plural)
tayadïm (indicative past singular)
tayadïŋ (indicative past singular)
tayadï (indicative past singular)
tayadïk (indicative past plural)
tayadïmïz (indicative past plural)
tayadïŋïz (indicative past plural)
tayadï (indicative past plural)
tayamïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
tayamïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
tayamïš (indicative inferential past singular)
tayamïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
tayamïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
tayamïš (indicative inferential past plural)
tayadačï ben (future indicative singular)
tayamakčï ben (future indicative singular)
tayayačak ben (future indicative singular)
tayadačï sen (future indicative singular)
tayamakčï sen (future indicative singular)
tayayačak sen (future indicative singular)
tayadačï (future indicative singular)
tayamakčï (future indicative singular)
tayayačak (future indicative singular)
tayadačï biz (future indicative plural)
tayamakčï biz (future indicative plural)
tayayačak biz (future indicative plural)
tayadačï siz (future indicative plural)
tayamakčï siz (future indicative plural)
tayayačak siz (future indicative plural)
tayadačï (future indicative plural)
tayamakčï (future indicative plural)
tayayačak (future indicative plural)
tayagay ben (future indicative singular)
tayagay sen (future indicative singular)
tayagay (future indicative singular)
tayagay biz (future indicative plural)
tayagay siz (future indicative plural)
tayagay (future indicative plural)
tayasïkïm (future indicative singular)
tayasïkïŋ (future indicative singular)
tayasïk (future indicative singular)
tayasïkïmïz (future indicative plural)
tayasïkïŋïz (future indicative plural)
tayasïk (future indicative plural)
tayasam (conditional singular)
tayasar ben (conditional singular)
tayasaŋ (conditional singular)
tayasar sen (conditional singular)
tayasa (conditional singular)
tayasar (conditional singular)
tayasak (conditional plural)
tayasamïz (conditional plural)
tayasar biz (conditional plural)
tayasaŋïz (conditional plural)
tayasar siz (conditional plural)
tayasalar (conditional plural)
tayasar (conditional plural)
tayagay ben (optative singular)
tayagay sen (optative singular)
tayagay (optative singular)
tayagay biz (optative plural)
tayagay siz (optative plural)
tayagay (optative plural)
tayamakda ben (progressive singular)
tayamakda sen (progressive singular)
tayamakda (progressive singular)
tayamakda biz (plural progressive)
tayamakda siz (plural progressive)
tayamakda (plural progressive)
tayamalïg ben (necessitative singular)
tayamalïg sen (necessitative singular)
tayamalïg (necessitative singular)
tayamalïg biz (necessitative plural)
tayamalïg siz (necessitative plural)
tayamalïg (necessitative plural)
tayayayïn (imperative singular)
taya (imperative singular)
tayagïl (imperative singular)
tayazun (imperative singular)
tayayalïm (imperative plural)
tayayïŋ (imperative plural)
tayazun (imperative plural)
tayamamak (infinitive negative)
tayamagan (negative participle present)
tayamagma (negative participle present)
tayamaz (negative participle present)
tayamaduk (negative participle past)
tayamamïš (negative participle past)
tayamačï (future negative participle)
tayamasïk (future negative participle)
tayamayačak (future negative participle)
tayamama (negative noun-from-verb)
tayamag (negative noun-from-verb)
tayamagu (negative noun-from-verb)
tayamaš (adverbial negative)
tayamaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
tayamaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
tayamaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
tayamaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
tayamaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
tayamaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
tayamadïm (indicative negative past singular)
tayamadïŋ (indicative negative past singular)
tayamadï (indicative negative past singular)
tayamadïk (indicative negative past plural)
tayamadïmïz (indicative negative past plural)
tayamadïŋïz (indicative negative past plural)
tayamadï (indicative negative past plural)
tayamamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
tayamamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
tayamamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
tayamamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
tayamamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
tayamamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
tayamačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
tayamayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
tayamačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
tayamayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
tayamačï (future indicative negative singular)
tayamayačak (future indicative negative singular)
tayamačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
tayamayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
tayamačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
tayamayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
tayamačï (future indicative negative plural)
tayamayačak (future indicative negative plural)
tayamagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
tayamagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
tayamagay (future indicative negative singular)
tayamagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
tayamagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
tayamagay (future indicative negative plural)
tayamasïkïm (future indicative negative singular)
tayamasïkïŋ (future indicative negative singular)
tayamasïk (future indicative negative singular)
tayamasïkïmïz (future indicative negative plural)
tayamasïkïŋïz (future indicative negative plural)
tayamasïk (future indicative negative plural)
tayamasam (conditional negative singular)
tayamasar ben (conditional negative singular)
tayamasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
tayamasar sen (conditional negative singular)
tayamasa (conditional negative singular)
tayamasar (conditional negative singular)
tayamasak (conditional negative plural)
tayamasamïz (conditional negative plural)
tayamasar biz (conditional negative plural)
tayamasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
tayamasar siz (conditional negative plural)
tayamasalar (conditional negative plural)
tayamasar (conditional negative plural)
tayamagay ben (negative optative singular)
tayamagay sen (negative optative singular)
tayamagay (negative optative singular)
tayamagay biz (negative optative plural)
tayamagay siz (negative optative plural)
tayamagay (negative optative plural)
tayamamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
tayamamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
tayamamakda (negative progressive singular)
tayamamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
tayamamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
tayamamakda (negative plural progressive)
tayamamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
tayamamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
tayamamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
tayamamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
tayamamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
tayamamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
tayamayayïn (imperative negative singular)
tayama (imperative negative singular)
tayamagïl (imperative negative singular)
tayamazun (imperative negative singular)
tayamayalïm (imperative negative plural)
tayamayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
tayamazun (imperative negative plural)

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: dayamaq

Ottoman Turkish: طیامق (dayamak)

Gagauz: dayamaa

Turkish: dayamak

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: daýamak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: تَياماقْ (tayāmāq)

Uzbek: tayamoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: таяү (tayaw)

East Kipchak:

desc

Southern Altai: тайаар (tayaar, “to prop up”)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (taya-)

North Siberian:

Yakut: тайаа (tayaa)

Nişanyan considers a possible derivation from *tay which he does not consider to necessarily be the same word as *tay (“colt”), however he still semantically compares French poutre (“beam”) from Latin pullus (“colt”) and Ottoman Turkish مرتك (mertek, “beam”) ultimately from Persian مردک (mardak, “little man”).


köt-

kötmek (infinitive)
kötgen (participle present)
kötügme (participle present)
köter (participle present)
kötdük (participle past)
kötmiš (participle past)
kötdeči (future participle)
kötmekči (future participle)
kötsik (future participle)
köteček (future participle)
kötme (noun-from-verb)
kötüg (noun-from-verb)
kötgü (noun-from-verb)
kötüš (adverbial)
köter ben (aorist indicative singular)
köter sen (aorist indicative singular)
köter (aorist indicative singular)
köter biz (aorist indicative plural)
köter siz (aorist indicative plural)
köter (aorist indicative plural)
kötdüm (indicative past singular)
kötdüŋ (indicative past singular)
kötdi (indicative past singular)
kötdük (indicative past plural)
kötdümüz (indicative past plural)
kötdüŋüz (indicative past plural)
kötdi (indicative past plural)
kötmiš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
kötmiš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
kötmiš (indicative inferential past singular)
kötmiš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
kötmiš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
kötmiš (indicative inferential past plural)
kötdeči ben (future indicative singular)
kötmekči ben (future indicative singular)
köteček ben (future indicative singular)
kötdeči sen (future indicative singular)
kötmekči sen (future indicative singular)
köteček sen (future indicative singular)
kötdeči (future indicative singular)
kötmekči (future indicative singular)
köteček (future indicative singular)
kötdeči biz (future indicative plural)
kötmekči biz (future indicative plural)
köteček biz (future indicative plural)
kötdeči siz (future indicative plural)
kötmekči siz (future indicative plural)
köteček siz (future indicative plural)
kötdeči (future indicative plural)
kötmekči (future indicative plural)
köteček (future indicative plural)
kötgey ben (future indicative singular)
kötgey sen (future indicative singular)
kötgey (future indicative singular)
kötgey biz (future indicative plural)
kötgey siz (future indicative plural)
kötgey (future indicative plural)
kötsüküm (future indicative singular)
kötsüküŋ (future indicative singular)
kötsük (future indicative singular)
kötsükümüz (future indicative plural)
kötsüküŋüz (future indicative plural)
kötsük (future indicative plural)
kötsem (conditional singular)
kötser ben (conditional singular)
kötseŋ (conditional singular)
kötser sen (conditional singular)
kötse (conditional singular)
kötser (conditional singular)
kötsek (conditional plural)
kötsemiz (conditional plural)
kötser biz (conditional plural)
kötseŋiz (conditional plural)
kötser siz (conditional plural)
kötseler (conditional plural)
kötser (conditional plural)
kötgey ben (optative singular)
kötgey sen (optative singular)
kötgey (optative singular)
kötgey biz (optative plural)
kötgey siz (optative plural)
kötgey (optative plural)
kötmekde ben (progressive singular)
kötmekde sen (progressive singular)
kötmekde (progressive singular)
kötmekde biz (plural progressive)
kötmekde siz (plural progressive)
kötmekde (plural progressive)
kötmelig ben (necessitative singular)
kötmelig sen (necessitative singular)
kötmelig (necessitative singular)
kötmelig biz (necessitative plural)
kötmelig siz (necessitative plural)
kötmelig (necessitative plural)
köteyin (imperative singular)
köt (imperative singular)
kötgil (imperative singular)
kötzün (imperative singular)
kötelim (imperative plural)
kötüŋ (imperative plural)
kötzün (imperative plural)
kötmemek (infinitive negative)
kötmegen (negative participle present)
kötmegme (negative participle present)
kötmez (negative participle present)
kötmedük (negative participle past)
kötmemiš (negative participle past)
kötmeči (future negative participle)
kötmesik (future negative participle)
kötmeyeček (future negative participle)
kötmeme (negative noun-from-verb)
kötmeg (negative noun-from-verb)
kötmegü (negative noun-from-verb)
kötmeyüš (adverbial negative)
kötmez ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
kötmez sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
kötmez (aorist indicative negative singular)
kötmez biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
kötmez siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
kötmez (aorist indicative negative plural)
kötmedüm (indicative negative past singular)
kötmedüŋ (indicative negative past singular)
kötmedi (indicative negative past singular)
kötmedük (indicative negative past plural)
kötmedümüz (indicative negative past plural)
kötmedüŋüz (indicative negative past plural)
kötmedi (indicative negative past plural)
kötmemiš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
kötmemiš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
kötmemiš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
kötmemiš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
kötmemiš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
kötmemiš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
kötmeči ben (future indicative negative singular)
kötmeyeček ben (future indicative negative singular)
kötmeči sen (future indicative negative singular)
kötmeyeček sen (future indicative negative singular)
kötmeči (future indicative negative singular)
kötmeyeček (future indicative negative singular)
kötmeči biz (future indicative negative plural)
kötmeyeček biz (future indicative negative plural)
kötmeči siz (future indicative negative plural)
kötmeyeček siz (future indicative negative plural)
kötmeči (future indicative negative plural)
kötmeyeček (future indicative negative plural)
kötmegey ben (future indicative negative singular)
kötmegey sen (future indicative negative singular)
kötmegey (future indicative negative singular)
kötmegey biz (future indicative negative plural)
kötmegey siz (future indicative negative plural)
kötmegey (future indicative negative plural)
kötmesüküm (future indicative negative singular)
kötmesüküŋ (future indicative negative singular)
kötmesük (future indicative negative singular)
kötmesükümüz (future indicative negative plural)
kötmesüküŋüz (future indicative negative plural)
kötmesük (future indicative negative plural)
kötmesem (conditional negative singular)
kötmeser ben (conditional negative singular)
kötmeseŋ (conditional negative singular)
kötmeser sen (conditional negative singular)
kötmese (conditional negative singular)
kötmeser (conditional negative singular)
kötmesek (conditional negative plural)
kötmesemiz (conditional negative plural)
kötmeser biz (conditional negative plural)
kötmeseŋiz (conditional negative plural)
kötmeser siz (conditional negative plural)
kötmeseler (conditional negative plural)
kötmeser (conditional negative plural)
kötmegey ben (negative optative singular)
kötmegey sen (negative optative singular)
kötmegey (negative optative singular)
kötmegey biz (negative optative plural)
kötmegey siz (negative optative plural)
kötmegey (negative optative plural)
kötmemekde ben (negative progressive singular)
kötmemekde sen (negative progressive singular)
kötmemekde (negative progressive singular)
kötmemekde biz (negative plural progressive)
kötmemekde siz (negative plural progressive)
kötmemekde (negative plural progressive)
kötmemelig ben (necessitative negative singular)
kötmemelig sen (necessitative negative singular)
kötmemelig (necessitative negative singular)
kötmemelig biz (necessitative negative plural)
kötmemelig siz (necessitative negative plural)
kötmemelig (necessitative negative plural)
kötmeyeyin (imperative negative singular)
kötme (imperative negative singular)
kötmegil (imperative negative singular)
kötmezün (imperative negative singular)
kötmeyelim (imperative negative plural)
kötmeyiŋ (imperative negative plural)
kötmezün (imperative negative plural)

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: көтеру (köteru, “to lift up, to rise”)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (köti-, “to rise”)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: көт (“to fly”)

Yakut: көт (köt, “to fly”)

→? Proto-Mongolic: *kötü-

Proto-Mongolic: *köteyi- (“to be high, lift the breast”)

Proto-Mongolic: *kötüle- (“to lead”)