sïgïrčïk

sïgïrčïk (nominative singular)
sïgïrčïkïg (accusative singular)
sïgïrčïknï (accusative singular)
sïgïrčïknïŋ (genitive singular)
sïgïrčïkka (dative singular)
sïgïrčïkda (locative singular)
sïgïrčïkdan (ablative singular)
sïgïrčïkgaru (allative singular)
sïgïrčïkïn (instrumental singular)
sïgïrčïkča (equative singular)
sïgïrčïklayu (singular)
sïgïrčïklïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

>? Chuvash: шӑнкӑрч (šănk̬ărč)

Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: sığırçın

Gagauz: sıırcık

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: صیغیرجق (sığırcık), صغرجق (sığırcık)
Turkish: sığırcık

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: сыйырсыҡ (sıyırsıq)

Tatar: сыерчык (sıyerçıq)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: sıyırcıq, sığırçıq

desc

Kumyk: сыйыртгъыч (sıyırtğıç)

Kumyk: сыйыртгъыч (sıyırtğıç)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: чыйырчык (cıyırcık)

Southern Altai: сыгырчык (sïgïrčïk)

From *sïgïr- + *-čuk. Compare *sïgït- (“to cry, weep”).


yïpar

yïpar (nominative singular)
yïparlar (nominative plural)
yïparnïŋ (genitive singular)
yïparlarnïŋ (genitive plural)
yïparka (dative singular)
yïparlarka (dative plural)
yïparda (locative singular)
yïparlarda (locative plural)
yïpardan (ablative singular)
yïparlardan (ablative plural)
yïparlarïn (instrumental plural)
yïparča (equative singular)
yïparlarča (equative plural)

→? Proto-Mongolic: *jixar

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: yıpar (“good smell”)

Salar: yuxar

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yıpar)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: йофар (yofar)

Tatar: [script needed] (yifar)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: jupar

Kazakh: жұпар (jūpar)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жыпар (jıpar)

Southern Altai: јыбар (ǰïbar)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰘𐰯𐰺 (yïpar)

Old Uyghur: yyb’r (yïpar)

North Siberian:

Yakut: сыбар (sıbar)

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *jixar (“strong perfume, musk”).


kēp

kēp (nominative singular)
kēpig (accusative singular)
kēpni (accusative singular)
kēpniŋ (genitive singular)
kēpke (dative singular)
kēpde (locative singular)
kēpden (ablative singular)
kēpgerü (allative singular)
kēpin (instrumental singular)
kēpče (equative singular)
kēpleyü (singular)
kēpligü (comitative singular)

Oghur: *kep

Chuvash: кап (kap)

→ Eastern Mari: кап (kap, “body”)

→ Hungarian: kép

desctree

→ Old Church Slavonic: капь (kapĭ)
Serbo-Croatian: кип
Macedonian: кип (kip)
Russian: кип (kip)
Slovene: kip

Proto-Common Turkic: *kēp

Oghuz:

Turkmen: (dialectal) gēp

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (kīp)

→ Turkish: kip

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: [script needed] (kep)

→ Chechen: кеп (kep)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: kep

Nogai: [script needed] (kep)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кеп (kep)

Southern Altai: кеп (kep)

Siberian:

desc

Old Uyghur: 𐽷𐽶𐽼 (kép, “example, page of a published work”)

Western Yugur: kep

North Siberian:

Yakut: киэп (kiep)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: хеп (xep, “apparel”)

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (kep)

Shor: [script needed] (kep)


burčak

burčak (nominative singular)
burčakïg (accusative singular)
burčaknï (accusative singular)
burčaknïŋ (genitive singular)
burčakka (dative singular)
burčakda (locative singular)
burčakdan (ablative singular)
burčakgaru (allative singular)
burčakïn (instrumental singular)
burčakča (equative singular)
burčaklayu (singular)
burčaklïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: пăрҫа (părś̬a)

→ Eastern Mari: пурса (pursa)

→ Western Mari: пырса (pyrsa)

→ Hungarian: borsó

Proto-Common Turkic: *burčak

Proto-Oghuz: *burčak

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: بورچاق (burçak), بورجاق (burcak)
Gagauz: borçaq
Turkish: burçak
→ Middle Armenian: պուռչախ (puṙčʻax)

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: burçak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بُرْچَقْ (burčaq)

Khorezmian Turkic:

Chagatai: [script needed] (burçaq)

Uzbek: burchoq

Uyghur: پۇرچاق (purchaq)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: [script needed] (burçaq)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: борсаҡ (borsaq)

Tatar: борчак (borçaq)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: бурчакъ (burçaq)

desc

Karaim: бурчакъ (burçaq), бурчах (burçax)

Kumyk: бурчакъ (burçaq)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: бұршақ (būrşaq)

Karakalpak: burshaq

Nogai: [script needed] (burşaq)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: буурчак (buurcak)

Southern Altai: мырчак (mïrčak)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (burçaq)

Western Yugur: pırçaq

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Shor: мырчақ (mïrčaq)

→? Proto-Mongolic: *buxurcag

→ Kyrgyz: буурчак (buurcak)

Probably a diminutive form of an unknown root; *bur + *-čak. However, compare *bür (“bud, leaf”) and its derivative *bürtük (“grain”) for a similar semantic and morphological parallel.


kȫĺek

kȫĺek (nominative singular)
kȫĺekig (accusative singular)
kȫĺekni (accusative singular)
kȫĺekniŋ (genitive singular)
kȫĺekke (dative singular)
kȫĺekde (locative singular)
kȫĺekden (ablative singular)
kȫĺekgerü (allative singular)
kȫĺekin (instrumental singular)
kȫĺekče (equative singular)
kȫĺekleyü (singular)
kȫĺekligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

→ Hungarian: kölyök

→? Mongolian: гөлөг (gölög, “puppy”)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: köşək

Ottoman Turkish: كوشك (köşek)

Turkish: köşek

Turkmen: köşek

Karluk:

Chagatai:

Uzbek: ku’shek (dialect)

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: көшек (köşek) (dialectal)

Karakalpak: kóshek

Compare Proto-Mongolic *gölige (“pup, young dog or cat”).


köküŕ

köküŕ (nominative singular)
köküŕüg (accusative singular)
köküŕni (accusative singular)
köküŕnüŋ (genitive singular)
köküŕke (dative singular)
köküŕde (locative singular)
köküŕden (ablative singular)
köküŕgerü (allative singular)
köküŕün (instrumental singular)
köküŕče (equative singular)
köküŕleyü (singular)
köküŕlügü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: кӑкӑр (kăk̬ăr)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: köyüs

Oghuz: *köküz, *kögüz

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: ككز (gögüz), كوكوز (gögüz), كوكز (gögüz)

Azerbaijani: köks

Gagauz: güüs

Ottoman Turkish: گوگس (göks, göğüs)

Turkish: göğüs

Turkmen: göwüs

Karluk:

Karakhanid: كُكُزْ (köküz)

Uzbek: koʻksi

Uyghur: كۆكس (köks), كۆكرەك (kökrek)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: köküs

Karaim: [script needed] (kökis)

South Kipchak:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: кӧгӱс (kögüs)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (kögüz)

Western Yugur: köküs

North Siberian:

Yakut: көҕүс (köğüs)

Dolgan: [script needed] (köksü)

South Siberian:

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: [script needed] (kögis)

Shor: [script needed] (kögüs)

Compare to Proto-Mongolic *kökö-n (“breast (female), nipple”) (<*kökö- (“to suckle”)), Proto-Tungusic *xuku-n (“breast (female)”) (<*xuku- (“to suckle”)), also Proto-Japonic *kəkərə (“heart”).


tüĺ

tüĺ (nominative singular)
tüĺüg (accusative singular)
tüĺni (accusative singular)
tüĺnüŋ (genitive singular)
tüĺke (dative singular)
tüĺde (locative singular)
tüĺden (ablative singular)
tüĺgerü (allative singular)
tüĺün (instrumental singular)
tüĺče (equative singular)
tüĺleyü (singular)
tüĺlügü (comitative singular)

→? Proto-Mongolic: *düli

Oghur:

→ Hungarian: dél

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: düş (dialect)

Turkmen: düş (dialect)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (tüş)

Uzbek: tush

Uyghur: چۈش (chüsh)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: төш (töş)

Tatar: төш (töş)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: тюш (tüş)

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (tüş)

Karaim: [script needed] (tüş)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: tuʼs

Kazakh: түс (tüs)

Nogai: [script needed] (tüs)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: түш (tüş)

Southern Altai: тӱш (tüš)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: дүъш (dǜş)

Tofa: дүш

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *düli (“middle (of the day, night)”).


ič

ič (nominative singular)
ičig (accusative singular)
ični (accusative singular)
ičniŋ (genitive singular)
ičke (dative singular)
ičde (locative singular)
ičden (ablative singular)
ičgerü (allative singular)
ičin (instrumental singular)
ičče (equative singular)
ičleyü (singular)
ičligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Volga Bulgar: إش (iş, “in, into”)

Chuvash: ӑш (ăš)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: iç

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: iç

Ottoman Turkish: ایچ (iç)

Gagauz: iç

Turkish: iç

Salar: iş

Turkmen: iç

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (iç)

Uyghur: ئىچ (ich)

Uzbek: ich

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: эс (es)

Tatar: еч (yeç)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: iç

Kumyk: ич (iç)

Karachay-Balkar: ич (iç)

Karaim: ич (iç)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: shi (“belly”)

Kazakh: іш (ış)

Nogai: иш (iş)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: ич (ic)

Southern Altai: ич (ič)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰃𐰲 (ič), 𐰱 (č̥ /ič/)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (iç)

desc

⇒ Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ičegü, “intestines”)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (ičeki, “belly”), ič (“inside”).

North Siberian:

Yakut: ис (is)

Dolgan: ис

South Siberian:

Sayan:

⇒ Tuvan: ижин (ijin, “belly”)

Tofa: [script needed] (i'šti, “intestines”)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: іскер (ìsker)


yūrt

yūrt (nominative singular)
yūrtug (accusative singular)
yūrtnï (accusative singular)
yūrtnuŋ (genitive singular)
yūrtka (dative singular)
yūrtda (locative singular)
yūrtdan (ablative singular)
yūrtgaru (allative singular)
yūrtun (instrumental singular)
yūrtča (equative singular)
yūrtlayu (singular)
yūrtlugu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫурт (śurt)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: yûrt

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (yurt)

Azerbaijani: yurd

Ottoman Turkish: یورت (yurt)

Gagauz: yurt (yurd-)

Turkish: yurt (yurd-)

Turkmen: ýūrt (yūrd-)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: یُورْتْ (yurt)

Uyghur: يۇرت (yurt)

Uzbek: yurt

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: йорт (yort)

Tatar: йорт (yort)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: yurt

desctree

Kumyk: юрт (yurt)
→ Chechen: йурт class jj (jurt)

→ Ingush: юрт (jurt)

Karachay-Balkar: джурт (curt)

Karaim: [script needed] (yurt)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (žurt)

Kazakh: жұрт (jūrt)

Nogai: юрт (yurt)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: журт (jurt)

Southern Altai: јурт (ǰurt)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰆𐰺𐱃 (y¹ur¹t¹ /yurt/)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yurt)

Western Yugur: yurt

North Siberian:

Yakut: сурт (surt)

Dolgan: һурт (hurt)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: чурт (çurt)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: [script needed] (čurt)

Shor: [script needed] (čurt)

→ Russian: ю́рта (júrta)
→ Catalan: iurta
→ Finnish: jurtta
→ French: yourte
→ English: yurt
→ German: Jurte
→ English: yurt
→ Hungarian: jurta
→ Ingrian: jurtta
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: ју̑рта
Latin: jȗrta
→ Spanish: yurta
→ Swedish: jurta

Exists in almost every Turkic language. Compared to Manchu [script needed] (noron, “dwelling place”).


tï̄n

tï̄n (nominative singular)
tï̄nïg (accusative singular)
tï̄nnï (accusative singular)
tï̄nnïŋ (genitive singular)
tï̄nka (dative singular)
tï̄nda (locative singular)
tï̄ndan (ablative singular)
tï̄ngaru (allative singular)
tï̄nïn (instrumental singular)
tï̄nča (equative singular)
tï̄nlayu (singular)
tï̄nlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: чӗм (čĕm)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

⇒ Khalaj: tînc

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

⇒ Azerbaijani: dinc

Ottoman Turkish:

⇒ Turkish: dinç, dinlenmek

⇒ Gagauz: dinnenmää

⇒ Turkmen: dȳnç

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (tın)

→ Turkish: tin (1934, instead of ruh through language revolution)

Uyghur: تىن (tin)

Uzbek: tin

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

desc

тыныш билдәһе

Bashkir: тын (tın), тыныш билдәһе (tınış bildəhe)

Tatar: тын (tın)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: тыныш (tınış)

Karachay-Balkar: тын (tın)

⇒ Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (tınçı-)

→ Azerbaijani: tıncıxmaq

⇒ Karaim: [script needed] (tınc)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: ti’n

Kazakh: тыныс (tynys)

Nogai: тыныс (tınıs)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: тын (tın)

Southern Altai: тын (tïn)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tın)

North Siberian:

Yakut: тыын (tıın)

Dolgan: тыын

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: тын (tın)

Tofa: тын

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: тын (tın)

Shor: тын


čapak

čapak (nominative singular)
čapakïg (accusative singular)
čapaknï (accusative singular)
čapaknïŋ (genitive singular)
čapakka (dative singular)
čapakda (locative singular)
čapakdan (ablative singular)
čapakgaru (allative singular)
čapakïn (instrumental singular)
čapakča (equative singular)
čapaklayu (singular)
čapaklïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫупах (śup̬ah)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: çapaq

Ottoman Turkish: چاپاق

Turkish: çapak

Turkmen: çapak

Kypchak:

North Kypchak:

Tatar: чабак (çabaq)

Kypchak-Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: çabaq

→ Ukrainian: чаба́к (čabák)

Karachay-Balkar: чабакъ (çabaq)

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: шабақ (şabaq)

Kyrgyz–Kipchak:

>? Kyrgyz: чабак (cabak)

Southern Altai: чабак (čabak)


yalïn

yalïn (nominative singular)
yalïnïg (accusative singular)
yalïnnï (accusative singular)
yalïnnïŋ (genitive singular)
yalïnka (dative singular)
yalïnda (locative singular)
yalïndan (ablative singular)
yalïngaru (allative singular)
yalïnïn (instrumental singular)
yalïnča (equative singular)
yalïnlayu (singular)
yalïnlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫулӑм (śulăm)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish: یالك (yalıñ)

Turkish: yalın, yalım

Gagauz: yalın

Turkmen: ýalyn

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yalın)

Uzbek: yaling (dialect)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: ялын (yalın)

Karaim: [script needed] (yalın)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: jali’n

Kazakh: жалын (jalyn)

Nogai: ялын (yalın)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жалын (jalın)

Southern Altai: [script needed] (yalın)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yalın)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (yalın)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: чалын (çalın)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: чалын (çalın)


yaŋgak

yaŋgak (nominative singular)
yaŋgakïg (accusative singular)
yaŋgaknï (accusative singular)
yaŋgaknïŋ (genitive singular)
yaŋgakka (dative singular)
yaŋgakda (locative singular)
yaŋgakdan (ablative singular)
yaŋgakgaru (allative singular)
yaŋgakïn (instrumental singular)
yaŋgakča (equative singular)
yaŋgaklayu (singular)
yaŋgaklïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

→ Old Hungarian: gyivó

Hungarian: dió

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: yağâq

Oghuz:

Turkish: yangak (dialectal, Elazığ, Sivas)

Turkmen: ýaňak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: یَغاقْ (yağak)

Chagatai: یانگغاق (yaŋǧaq), یانگاق (yaŋaq)

Uzbek: yongʻoq

Uyghur: ياڭاق (ya'ngaq)

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: janggʻak

Kazakh: жаңғақ (jañğaq)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жаңгак (jaŋgak)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰍𐰴 (yağaq)

From an unknown verb Proto-Turkic *yaŋ- + *-gak.
Akin to Proto-Mongolic *jixag (“walnut”). Compared also Proto-Tungusic *ńaŋta (“cone, nut, fruit stone”), Orok [script needed] (naŋu-, “to crack nuts”).


keŕ

keŕ (nominative singular)
keŕig (accusative singular)
keŕni (accusative singular)
keŕniŋ (genitive singular)
keŕke (dative singular)
keŕde (locative singular)
keŕden (ablative singular)
keŕgerü (allative singular)
keŕin (instrumental singular)
keŕče (equative singular)
keŕleyü (singular)
keŕligü (comitative singular)

→? Mongolian: [script needed] (kerçi-)

Oghur:

⇒ Chuvash: карт (kart)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: كز (gez)

Azerbaijani: gəz, kərtmək

Ottoman Turkish: گز (gez)

Turkish: gez, kertmek

desc

Gagauz: keez, kertilmää, kertinmää, geerimää

Turkmen: gezlik, kertmek

→ Persian: [script needed] (gâz)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (kez), [script needed] (kertmek)

Chagatai:

⇒ Uzbek: kertmoq

⇒ Uyghur: [script needed] (kertik)

Kipchak: [script needed] (käz)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: [script needed] (kiδe), [script needed] (kirtiv), [script needed] (kirt)

⇒ Tatar: [script needed] (kirtü), [script needed] (kirt)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar:

Kumyk:

Karachay-Balkar:

Karaim:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak:

Kazakh: кез (kez), керту (kertu)

Nogai:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: кертер (kerter)

⇒ Kyrgyz: [script needed] (kertik)

⇒ Southern Altai: кертик (kertik)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur:

North Siberian:

⇒ Yakut: кэрт (kert)

Dolgan:

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: кес (kes)

Tofa: [script needed] (kes)

Yenisei:

Khakas:

Shor:

Western Yugur:


sāŕ

sāŕ (nominative singular)
sāŕïg (accusative singular)
sāŕnï (accusative singular)
sāŕnïŋ (genitive singular)
sāŕka (dative singular)
sāŕda (locative singular)
sāŕdan (ablative singular)
sāŕgaru (allative singular)
sāŕïn (instrumental singular)
sāŕča (equative singular)
sāŕlayu (singular)
sāŕlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: шур (šur)

→ Hungarian: sár

Common Turkic:

Oghuz: (“reed”)

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: saz (“reed”)

Gagauz: saaz

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: صاز (saz), ساز (saz)
Turkish: saz
→ Albanian: sasë
→ Armenian: սազ (saz)
→ Ubykh: саӡ (sadz)

Turkmen: sāz, sāzlyk (“reed growth”)

Karluk:

Uzbek: soz

Uyghur: ساز (saz)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: [script needed] (haδ)

Tatar: саз (saz)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: саз (saz)

Nogai: саз (saz)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: сас (sas)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas: сас (sas)

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *sïraxu (“earth”).


sāŕ

Oghur:

Chuvash: шур (šur, “white”)

Common Turkic: *sāz, *sāz-

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: ساز

Ottoman Turkish: ساز (saz, “yellow”)

Turkmen: sāz

⇒ Turkmen: sārgylt

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: саз (saz)

desc

⇒ Old Uyghur: 𐽻𐽰𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (sazɡan, “pink, rose”)


baŕ

baŕ (nominative singular)
baŕïg (accusative singular)
baŕnï (accusative singular)
baŕnïŋ (genitive singular)
baŕka (dative singular)
baŕda (locative singular)
baŕdan (ablative singular)
baŕgaru (allative singular)
baŕïn (instrumental singular)
baŕča (equative singular)
baŕlayu (singular)
baŕlïgu (comitative singular)

Proto-Turkic: *barïĺč- (“to make peace”)

Proto-Oghuz: *bārïš-

Azerbaijani: barışmaq

Gagauz: baarışmaa

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: barışmak

Proto-Common Turkic: *baz

Kipchak:

>? Karaim: [script needed] (baz)

Siberian Turkic:

Old Uyghur: 𐽼𐽰𐽴 (pʾz /baz/, “peaceful, amiable, easy-going”)


tumagu

tumagu (nominative singular)
tumagular (nominative plural)
tumagunïŋ (genitive singular)
tumagularnïŋ (genitive plural)
tumaguka (dative singular)
tumagularka (dative plural)
tumaguda (locative singular)
tumagularda (locative plural)
tumagudan (ablative singular)
tumagulardan (ablative plural)
tumagularïn (instrumental plural)
tumaguča (equative singular)
tumagularča (equative plural)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: tumov

Ottoman Turkish: طوماغی (tumağı)

Turkish: dumağı

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (tumağu)

Uzbek: tumov

Uyghur: تۇمۇ (tumu)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: томау (tomaw)

Bashkir: тымау (tımaw)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: тұмау (tūmau)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: тумоо (tumoo)

Southern Altai: тыму (tïmu), туму (tumu)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tumağu)

North Siberian:

Yakut: тумуу (tumuu)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: [script needed] (dumaa)

Tofa: [script needed] (tumaa)

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (tımo)

From Proto-Turkic *tum (“cold”), *tuma- + *-gu. It seems that Proto-Turkic *tuma- created only to create *tumagu since the verb form is unattested.


kïlï̄č

kïlï̄č (nominative singular)
kïlï̄čïg (accusative singular)
kïlï̄čnï (accusative singular)
kïlï̄čnïŋ (genitive singular)
kïlï̄čka (dative singular)
kïlï̄čda (locative singular)
kïlï̄čdan (ablative singular)
kïlï̄čgaru (allative singular)
kïlï̄čïn (instrumental singular)
kïlï̄čča (equative singular)
kïlï̄člayu (singular)
kïlï̄člïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: хӗҫ (hĕś)

→ Proto-Permic: *kiś (see there for further descendants)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: qılîç

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qılınc

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: قلج
Turkish: kılıç
→ Armenian: խըլըճ (xələč), կըլըջ (kələǰ), ղլիճ (ġlič)

Gagauz: kılıç

Salar: gılış

Turkmen: gylyç

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (kılıç)

Chagatai: [script needed] (kılıç)

Uyghur: قىلىچ (qilich)

Uzbek: qilich

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡылыс (qılıs)

Tatar: кылыч (qılıç)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: qılıç

Karachay-Balkar: къылыч (qılıç)

Karaim: къылыч

Kumyk: къылыч (qılıç)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: қылыш

Kazakh: қылыш (qylyş)

Nogai: кылыш (kılış)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кылыч (kılıc)

Southern Altai: кылыш (kïlïš)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰶𐰃𐰞𐰲 (q̊²il¹č)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (qılıç)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (qılıš)

North Siberian:

Dolgan:

Yakut: кылыс (kılıs)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa:

Tuvan: [script needed] (xılış)

Yenisei:

Khakas: хылыс (xılıs)

Shor: қылыш


korguĺčïn

korguĺčïn (nominative singular)
korguĺčïnïg (accusative singular)
korguĺčïnnï (accusative singular)
korguĺčïnnïŋ (genitive singular)
korguĺčïnka (dative singular)
korguĺčïnda (locative singular)
korguĺčïndan (ablative singular)
korguĺčïngaru (allative singular)
korguĺčïnïn (instrumental singular)
korguĺčïnča (equative singular)
korguĺčïnlayu (singular)
korguĺčïnlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

→ Proto-Mongolic: *korguljin

Mongolian: хорголжин (xorgolžin)

Kalmyk: хорһлҗн (xorğljn)

→ Tuvan: коргулчун (korgulçun)

→ Southern Altai: корголјын (korgolǰïn)

→ Kamassian: корголджән (korgolʒ́ən)

Proto-Common Turkic: *qorɣušïn

Proto-Oghuz: *gorɣušun

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qurğuşun

Ottoman Turkish: قورشون (kurşun), قورشوم (kurşum)
Turkish: kurşun
Gagauz: kurşum
→ Armenian: խուռշին (xuṙšin)
→ Bulgarian: куршу́м (kuršúm)
→ Macedonian: куршум (kuršum)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ку̀ршум
Latin script: kùršum

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: gurşun

Karluk:

desc

Karakhanid: قُرُغْژٖينْ

Karakhanid: قُرُغْژٖينْ

Chagatai: قرغشون (qorğašun)

Uzbek: qoʻrgʻoshin

Uyghur: قوغۇشۇن (qoghushun)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡурғаш (qurğaş)

Tatar: кургаш (qurgaş), кургашын (qurgaşın)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: qurşun

Karachay-Balkar: къоргъашын (qorğaşın)

Karaim: коргъашын, korgašyn

Kumyk: къоргъашын (qorğaşın)

Kumyk: къоргъашын (qorğaşın)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: қорғасын

Kazakh: қорғасын (qorğasyn)

Nogai: коргасын (korgasın)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: коргошун (korgoşun)

Southern Altai: коргожын (korgožïn)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: хорғамҷыл

Khakas: хорғамҷыл

Shor: қорғачын (qorğačïn)


āŋ

Oghur:

Chuvash: ӑн (ăn)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Turkmen: āň

Karluk:

Chagatai: [script needed] (aŋ)

Uzbek: ong

Kipchak:

Kipchak–Bulgar:

Bashkir: аң (añ)

Kipchak–Nogai:

Kazakh: аң (añ) (dialectal)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: аң (aŋ)

āŋ-sïz-ïn

*āŋ-sïz (“mindless, foolish; without understanding, without intelligence”)

without understanding, without intelligence (inst.)


kāp

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: قَابْ (qap)

Azerbaijani: qab

Gagauz: kap (kab-)

Ottoman Turkish: قاب (kab)

Turkish: kap (kab-)

Salar: qap, qab

Turkmen: gāp (gāb-)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (qap)

Uyghur: قاپ (qap)

Uzbek: qop

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡап (qap)

Tatar: [script needed] (qap)

West-Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: qap

Kumyk: [script needed] (qap)

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (qap)

Karaim: [script needed] (qap)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: qap

Kazakh: қап (qap)

Nogai: [script needed] (qap)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кап (kap)

Southern Altai: кап (kap)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: kāp

Western Yugur: qap

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: [script needed] (qap)

Tofa: [script needed] (qap)

Yenisei:

Shor: [script needed] (qap)

Khakas: [script needed] (xap)

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 匣 (haep)
Compare to Proto-Mongolic *kabtaga(n) (“sack”). . Not to be confused with *kap- (“to close”).


āgu

āgu (nominative singular)
āgular (nominative plural)
āgunïŋ (genitive singular)
āgularnïŋ (genitive plural)
āguka (dative singular)
āgularka (dative plural)
āguda (locative singular)
āgularda (locative plural)
āgudan (ablative singular)
āgulardan (ablative plural)
āgularïn (instrumental plural)
āguča (equative singular)
āgularča (equative plural)

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: ağı

Ottoman Turkish: اغو (ağu)

Turkish: ağı

East Oghuz:

Salar: ağu

Turkmen: āwy

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (ağı)

Chagatai:

Uzbek: [script needed] (ɔɣu)

Uyghur: ئوغا (ogha), (obsolete) ئاغۇ (aghu)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ағыу (ağıw)

Tatar: агу (ağu)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: [script needed] (aɣu)

Karachay-Balkar: уу (uu)

Karaim: [script needed] (aɣu)

⇒ Kumyk: агъувлу (ağuwlu)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: [script needed] (ağu) (dialect), Kazakh: у (u)

Nogai: [script needed] (ağuw)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (ağu)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ağu)

Western Yugur: ağa

North Siberian:

Yakut: ыы (ıı)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tofa: аа

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: оо (oo)

Perhaps related to Proto-Tungusic *gū (“poison”), compare Nanai гу (gu, “poison”).


kapgak

kapgak (nominative singular)
kapgaklar (nominative plural)
kapgaknïŋ (genitive singular)
kapgaklarnïŋ (genitive plural)
kapgakka (dative singular)
kapgaklarka (dative plural)
kapgakta (locative singular)
kapgaklarda (locative plural)
kapgaktan (ablative singular)
kapgaklardan (ablative plural)
kapgaklarïn (instrumental plural)
kapgakča (equative singular)
kapgaklarča (equative plural)

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: قَپَاقْ (qapaq), قَاپَاقْ (qapaq)

Azerbaijani: qapaq

Gagauz: kapak

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: قپاق (kapak), قاپاق (kapak), գափագ (kapak) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: kapak
→ Northern Kurdish: qepax, qapax
→ Albanian: kapak
→ Armenian: ղափաղ (ġapʻaġ), խափախ (xapʻax), կափաղ (kapʻaġ)
→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܩܲܦܲܚܬܵܐ (qappaḥtā)
→ Bulgarian: капак (kapak)
→ Greek: καπάκι (kapáki)
→ Macedonian: капак (kapak)
→ Romanian: capac
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: капак
Latin script: kapak

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: gapak

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: капкак (kapkak)

Southern Altai: какпак (kakpak)

Karluk:

desc

Karakhanid: [script needed] (qapɣaq, “cover”)

Uzbek: qopqoq

Uyghur: قاپقاق (qapqaq)


bȫrü

bȫrü (nominative singular)
bȫrüüg (accusative singular)
bȫrüni (accusative singular)
bȫrünüŋ (genitive singular)
bȫrüke (dative singular)
bȫrüde (locative singular)
bȫrüden (ablative singular)
bȫrügerü (allative singular)
bȫrüün (instrumental singular)
bȫrüče (equative singular)
bȫrüleyü (singular)
bȫrülügü (comitative singular)

Arghu:

Khalaj: bö̂ri

Oghuz:

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: börü

Turkmen: böri

Salar: büri

Azerbaijani: böri

Karluk:

West Karluk:

Uzbek: boʻri

East Karluk:

Chagatai: بورى (böri)

Uyghur: بۆرە (böre)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Karaim: bioriu

Kumyk: бёрю (börü)

Karachay-Balkar: бёрю (börü)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: бөрү (börü)

Southern Altai: бӧрӱ (börü)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: бүре (büre)

Tatar: бүре (büre)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: бөрі (börı)

Nogai: боьри (böri)

Karakalpak: bo'ri

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰋𐰇𐰼𐰃 (böri)

Old Uyghur: 𐽼𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽳 (pwyrw /börü/)

North Siberian:

Yakut: бөрө (börö)

Dolgan: бөрө

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: бөрү (börü)

Yenisei;

Shor: пӧрӱ (pörü)

Khakas: пӱӱр (püür)

Northern Altai: пӧри (pöri), бӧри (böri), мӱре (müre), мӱри (müri)


lāčïn

desctree

Middle Mongol: ᠨᠠᠴᠢᠨ (način)
Mongolian: начин (način)
⇒ Manchu: ᠨᠠᠴᡳᠨ (nacin)
⇒ Tuvan: начин (naçin)
⇒ Korean: 난추니 (nanchuni)

Oghur:

Chuvash: лачӑм (lač̬ăm), лаччӑн (laččăn)

Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: laçın

Turkish: laçın

Turkmen: laçyn

Karluk:

Karakhanid: لاچِنْ (lačin)

Uyghur: لاچىن (lachin)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ыласын (ılasın)

Tatar: лачын (laçın)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: лачын (laçın)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: лашын (laşyn)

Nogai: лашын (laşın)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: ылаачын (ılaacın)

Southern Altai: ылаачын (ïlaačïn)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Shor: лачын (laçın)

The ultimate origin is unknown but thought to be external, due to the initial consonant /l/ being untypical for native Turkic lexicon. The source is believed to be other than Mongolic, since the areas where the term occurs is untypical for Mongolic borrowings in Turkic. Mongolian начин (način) is considered to be a borrowing from Turkic itself, whereas Tuvan начин (naçin) is a back-loan from Mongolian. Clauson believes the source to be ultimately Tokharian.
Nishanyan proposes a derivation from Proto-Turkic *ala + *-čin by apheresis.


sa(r)pan

Oghur: *sarpan

desc

Chuvash: сурпан (surp̬an, “plough breast”)

Khazar:

→? Kumyk: сарапан (sarapan, “plough breast”)

Oghuz: *sāban

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: sapan

Ottoman Turkish: صبان (saban)

Turkish: saban

Salar: sovan

Turkmen: sāwan (dialect)

Karluk: *sapan

Karakhanid: سَبَنْ (saban/sapan)

Chagatai:

Uyghur: ساپان (sapan)

Kipchak: *saban

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һабан (haban)

Tatar: сабан (saban)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar:

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (saban)

Karaim: [script needed] (saban)

Kumyk: сабан (saban)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: сабан (saban)

Nogai: [script needed] (saban)

Not to be confused with Proto-Turkic *sapan.


čï̄pïn

Oghuz: čï̄pïn

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: çibin

Ottoman Turkish: جبین (cibin)

Turkish: cibin

Salar: cüyin, cüvin

Turkmen: çȳbyn

Common Turkic:

Karluk:

Chagatai: چیبین (çibin)

Uyghur: چىۋىن (chiwin)

Uzbek: chivin

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: чебен (çeben)

→ Udmurt: чибинь (ćibiń, “mosquito”)

Kipchak–Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: чибин (çibin), çibin

Karachay-Balkar: чибин (çibin)

Karaim: чибинь (çibin), чыбын (çıbın)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: чымын (cımın)

Southern Altai: чымын (čïmïn)


yāpa

Oghuz: *yāpa

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yaba

Ottoman Turkish:

Gagauz: yaba

Turkish: yaba

Salar: yova

Turkmen: ýāba

Kipchak: *yaba

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: jaba

Kazakh: жаба (jaba)


teŋ

teŋ (nominative singular)
teŋig (accusative singular)
teŋni (accusative singular)
teŋniŋ (genitive singular)
teŋke (dative singular)
teŋde (locative singular)
teŋden (ablative singular)
teŋgerü (allative singular)
teŋin (instrumental singular)
teŋče (equative singular)
teŋleyü (singular)
teŋligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: тан (tan)

Proto-Common Turkic: *teŋ

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: دَكْ (däŋ)

Azerbaijani: tən

Gagauz: denk, den, deng

Ottoman Turkish: دنك (denk)

Turkish: denk

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: deň

Karluk:

Chagatai: [script needed] (ting)

Uyghur: تەڭ (teng)

Uzbek: teng

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: тиң (tiñ)

Tatar: тиң (tiñ)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: тең (teŋ)

Southern Altai: теҥ (teŋ)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: тең (teñ)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: тенг (teñ)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Dolgan: тэҥ (teñ)

Yakut: тэҥ (teñ)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: дең (deñ)

Yenisei:

Shor: тең (teñ)

Khakas: тең (teñ)

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 等 (təŋX, “equal”).


küntüŕ

Oghur:

Chuvash: кӑнтӑр (kănt̬ăr, “south”)

Khazar: [Term?] (“Kündür”) (A title name)

Arghu:

Khalaj: kündüz

Proto-Oghuz: *gündüz

West Oghuz:

desctree

Old Anatolian Turkish: كوندوز (gündüz), كوندز (gündüz), كندوز (gündüz)
Azerbaijani: gündüz
Gagauz: gündüz
Ottoman Turkish: كوندوز, كوندز (gündüz)
Turkish: gündüz

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: gündiz

Salar: güntiz

Karluk:

Uyghur: كۈندۈز (kündüz)

Uzbek: kunduz

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: көндөҙ (köndöź)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: күндіз (kündız)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak

Kyrgyz: күндүз (kündüz)

Southern Altai: кӱндӱс (kündüs)

desc

⇒ Southern Altai: Кӱндӱс-Каан (Kündüs-Kaan)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰚𐰇𐰤𐱅𐰔 (küntüz)

North Siberian:

Yakut: күнүс (künüs)

South Siberian:

Khakas: кӱндӱс (kündüs)

Tuvan: хүндүс (xündüs)

Related to Proto-Turkic *kün (“day, sun”).


kōnč

Proto-Common Turkic: *kōnč

→ Chuvash: кунча (kunč̬a)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qunc

Ottoman Turkish: قونج (ḳonc)

Gagauz: konç (konc-)

Turkish: konç (konc-)

Turkmen: gonç (gōnj-)

Karluk:

Chagatai:

Uyghur: قونچ (qonch)

Uzbek: qoʻnj

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: куныч (qunıç), qunıç

West Kipchak:

Karaim: конч (konč)

Kumyk: хонч (xonç)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: qonış

Kazakh: қоныш (qonyş)

Nogai: коныш (konış)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: конч (konc)

Southern Altai: коныч (konïč)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur:

Western Yugur: [script needed] (qaŋč)

Shor: қош (qoš)


čalpmur

čalpmur (nominative singular)
čalpmurug (accusative singular)
čalpmurnï (accusative singular)
čalpmurnuŋ (genitive singular)
čalpmurka (dative singular)
čalpmurda (locative singular)
čalpmurdan (ablative singular)
čalpmurgaru (allative singular)
čalpmurun (instrumental singular)
čalpmurča (equative singular)
čalpmurlayu (singular)
čalpmurlugu (comitative singular)
*čamur (alternative)

Arghu:

Khalaj: çamur

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: çamır

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: çamur

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: çamur

From *čalpa- (“to muddle”) + *-mur (cf. *čalpaŋ (“mud”), *čalpak (“filth”)). Became *čamur due to the simplification of the consonant cluster *-lpm-.
Doerfer instead suggests a derivation from *čam-, an unattested earlier version of *čom- (“to sink”).


āŋla-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ӑнла (ănla)

Common Turkic:

al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 290

Oghuz: اَنْكْلاماقْ (añlamaq, “to understand”)

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: anlamaq

→ Khalaj: anglamaq

Ottoman Turkish: آڭلامق

Gagauz: annamaa

Turkish: anlamak

Salar: añnağusı (“to listen”)

Turkmen: āňlamak

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: аңлау (añlaw)

Tatar: аңлау (añlaw)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: ангыларгъа (añılarğa)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: аңдау (añdau)

Eastern Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: аңдоо (aŋdoo)

Southern Altai: оҥдоор (oŋdoor)

Karluk:

Uyghur: ئاڭلىماق (anglimaq, “to hear”)

Uzbek: anglamoq

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (aŋla-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (aŋna-, “to hear”)

North Siberian:

Yakut: [script needed] (aŋlaa-, “to discern”) (dial.)

From *āŋ (“intelligence”) + *-la (“denominal suffix”).

suffix

(transitive) to understand, hear, discern


yāyïn

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫуйӑн (śujăn)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: یاین (yayın), یایین (yayın)
Turkish: yayın
→ Armenian: յայըն (yayən)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: йәйен (yəyen)

Tatar: җәен (cäyen)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: yayın

Kumyk: яйын (yayın)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: жайын (jaiyn)

Nogai: яйын (yayın)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жайын (jayın)

Southern Altai: јайын (ǰayïn)


kïŋrak

kïŋrak (nominative singular)
kïŋrakïg (accusative singular)
kïŋraknï (accusative singular)
kïŋraknïŋ (genitive singular)
kïŋrakka (dative singular)
kïŋrakda (locative singular)
kïŋrakdan (ablative singular)
kïŋrakgaru (allative singular)
kïŋrakïn (instrumental singular)
kïŋrakča (equative singular)
kïŋraklayu (singular)
kïŋraklïgu (comitative singular)

→ Proto-Mongolic: *kïŋgar

Karluk:

Karakhanid: قنكراق (kïŋra:k)

desc

Uyghur: [script needed] (kïŋrak, “wide blade knife”)

Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кыңырак (kıŋırak)

Southern Altai: кыҥырак (kïŋïrak)

Usually considered to be from *kïŋra- (“to cut crookedly”) + *-k, Nişanyan on the other hand compares it with Sogdian 𐼶𐼻𐼲𐽀 (xnɣr, “dagger, sword”) + *-ak (“diminutive suffix”) and suggests a borrowing. According to Hirth, it is the oldest written Turkic word, possibly attested as Old Chinese 徑路 (*king-lak, “the ceremonial sword of the Xiongnu”) in Ts'ien Han Shu (47 BCE).


küńe

küńe (nominative singular)
küńeig (accusative singular)
küńeni (accusative singular)
küńeniŋ (genitive singular)
küńeke (dative singular)
küńede (locative singular)
küńeden (ablative singular)
küńegerü (allative singular)
küńein (instrumental singular)
küńeče (equative singular)
küńeleyü (singular)
küńeligü (comitative singular)
*kuńa (alternative)

Oghur:

Chuvash: кӗве (kĕve)

Common Turkic: *küye

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: көйә (köyə)

Tatar: көя (köya)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: күйе (küie)

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: кӱйе (küye)

Karluk:

Uyghur: [script needed] (küyä)

Uzbek: kuya

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: güvə

Gagauz: güvä

Ottoman Turkish: گوگه (güğe, güve)

Turkish: güve

East Oghuz:

Salar: güye

Turkmen: güýe

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: көйүүр (köyüür)


sï̄gun

Common Turkic: *sïgun

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: sığın

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: صیغین (sığın)
Turkish: sığın

Turkmen: sūgun

Karluk:

Karakhanid: سيٖغُنْ (sïːğun)

Chagatai: [script needed] (sïgun)

Uzbek: suygun

Kipchak:

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: суун (suun)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: суын (suyn)

Karakalpak: suwın

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (sïgun)

Old Turkic: 𐰽𐰃𐰍𐰆𐰣 (sïgun)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: сыын (sıın)

Yenisei:

Khakas: сыын (sıın)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (soğun)

Possibly from *sïg- (“an ancient verb”) + *-un if related to *sïgïr (“cattle”).


kïsrak

Common Turkic:

Oghuz: قِسْراقْ (qïsra:q, “unprolific animal”)

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qısraq

Ottoman Turkish: قیصراق (kısrak), قسراق (kısrak)
Turkish: kısrak
→ Armenian: խըսրախ (xəsrax), կըսրախ (kəsrax), ղըսրաղ (ġəsraġ)

Salar: qısıraq

Turkmen: gysyrak

Karluk:

desc

Karakhanid: قِسْراقْ (qïsra:q, “young unprolific animal”)

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: қысырақ (qysyraq)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кысырак (kısırak)

Southern Altai: кузарак (kuzarak)

From *kïsïr (“unprolific”) + *-ak (diminutive suffix).


kïsïr

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: qısır

Oghuz:

desctree

Old Anatolian Turkish: قصیر (qısır)
Azerbaijani: qısır
Gagauz: kısır
Ottoman Turkish: قیصیر (kısır), قصر (kısır), قصیر (kısır)
Turkish: kısır
→ Armenian: խըսըր (xəsər)

Turkmen: gysyr

Karluk:

desc

Karakhanid: قِسِرْ (qïsïr, “woman or animal that does not give birth”)

al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 364

Uyghur: قىسىر (qisir)

Uzbek: qisir

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: қысыр (qysyr)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кысыр (kısır)

Southern Altai: кызыр (kïzïr, “barren”)

Kipchak-Bulgar:

Tatar: кысыр (qısır), qısır

From Proto-Turkic *kïs- + *-ïr, according to Clauson.


bagïr

bagïr (nominative singular)
bagïrïg (accusative singular)
bagïrnï (accusative singular)
bagïrnïŋ (genitive singular)
bagïrka (dative singular)
bagïrda (locative singular)
bagïrdan (ablative singular)
bagïrgaru (allative singular)
bagïrïn (instrumental singular)
bagïrča (equative singular)
bagïrlayu (singular)
bagïrlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: пӗвер (pĕver)

Common Turkic:

Proto-Oghuz: *bagïr

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: bağır

Ottoman Turkish: باغر (bağır)

Turkish: bağır (“breast, bosom”)

Salar: bağır

Turkmen: bagyr

Karluk:

Uyghur: بېغىر (bëghir)

Uzbek: bagʻir

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: бауыр (bawır), бәғер (bəğer)

Tatar: бавыр (bawır)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: bağır

Karachay-Balkar: баур (baur), бауур (bauur)

Kumyk: бавур (bawur)

South Kipchak:

Nogai: бавыр (bavır)

Kazakh: бауыр (bauyr)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: боор (boor)

Southern Altai: буур (buur)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (baɣïr)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: быар (bıar)

Yakut: быар (bıar)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: баар (baar)

Yenisei:

Khakas: паар (paar)

Northern Altai: багыр (bagïr)


tuńak

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Proto-Oghuz: *toynak

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (dıynak, duynak, tıynak, tuynak)

Turkish: toynak

Turkmen: toýnak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (tuyağ)

Chagatai:

Uzbek: tuyoq

Uyghur: تۇياق (tuyaq), تووق (tooq)

Kipchak:

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: тояҡ (toyaq)

Tatar: тояк (toyak)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar:

Karachay-Balkar:

Karaim:

Kumyk:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak:

Kazakh: тұяқ (tūäq)

Nogai:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: туяк (tuyak)

Southern Altai: туйгак (tuygak)

Siberian:

desctree

Late Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲 (twywq /tuyuġ/)
Western Yugur: dujəɣ (tuyïɣ)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: туньак (tuńak)

Yakut: туйах (tuyaq)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tofa:

Tuvan: дуюг (duyug)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: туйғах (tuyğax)

desc

Shor: туйғақ

Shor: туйғақ


abïčga

abïčga (nominative singular)
abïčgalar (nominative plural)
abïčganïŋ (genitive singular)
abïčgalarnïŋ (genitive plural)
abïčgaka (dative singular)
abïčgalarka (dative plural)
abïčgada (locative singular)
abïčgalarda (locative plural)
abïčgadan (ablative singular)
abïčgalardan (ablative plural)
abïčgalarïn (instrumental plural)
abïčgača (equative singular)
abïčgalarča (equative plural)

Oghur

Chuvash: упӑшка (up̬ăška)

Common Turkic

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz

Proto-Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish: عموجه, عمجه (ʼamca), عمیجه (ʼamıca)
Turkish: amca
→ Armenian: ամուճա (amuča)
→ Bulgarian: аму́джа (amúdža)
→ Serbo-Croatian: а̀миџа / àmidža
⇒ Turkish: Abuşka, abuş

Kipchak-Karluk (classification disputed)

Altai

Southern Altai: абышка (abïška)

Kipchak–Bulgar

Volga Turki

Bashkir: абышҡа (abışqa)

Kipchak–Nogai

Kyrgyz: абышка (abışka)

Old Turkic

Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰 (ʾʾβycqʾ /avïčġa/, “old man”)
⇒ Old Uyghur: 阿卜失哈 (ʔa.puwk.syit.ngop /abušġa, abïšŋa/, “old woman, mother”)

South Siberian Turkic (classification disputed)

Sayan

Tuvan: ашак (aşak)

Uncertain. However over the years multiple theories have risen:
* Clauson suggests a derivation *abïč (“an obscure root”) + *-ga.
* Nishanyan suggets a derivation *apa (“elderly male relative”) + *-ča (“diminutive suffix”), however note that the suffix was borrowed from Persians at a later date.

suf

an elderly relative; husband, old man, foster-mother, elder sister, uncle etc.


sǖčig

sǖčig (nominative singular)
sǖčigler (nominative plural)
sǖčigniŋ (genitive singular)
sǖčiglerniŋ (genitive plural)
sǖčigke (dative singular)
sǖčiglerke (dative plural)
sǖčigde (locative singular)
sǖčiglerde (locative plural)
sǖčigden (ablative singular)
sǖčiglerden (ablative plural)
sǖčiglerin (instrumental plural)
sǖčigče (equative singular)
sǖčiglerče (equative plural)

Oghur:

Volga Bulgar: سجو (süçüw, “honey sherbet”)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Ottoman Turkish: سوجی (süci, “wine”)

Turkish: sücü (“wine”)

East Oghuz:

desc

Turkmen: süýji (“sweet”), süýjimek (“to become sweet,sweeten”)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: سُوجِكْ (sǖčik), [script needed] (süçi-, “to sweeten”)

Uzbek: chuchuk (“sweet; unsalted”)

چۈچۈك، سۈچۈك

çüçük, süçük

Uyghur: چۈچۈك، سۈچۈك (chüchük, süchük)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: сөсө (sösö, “fresh, sweet; unsalted”)

Tatar: төче (töçe, “fresh; unsalted”)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: чүчү (cücü)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰾𐰇𐰲𐰃𐰏 (s²üčig /süčig/)

Old Uyghur: 𐽻𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽳𐽷 (swycwk /süčüg/, “wine”)

North Siberian:

>? Dolgan: үчүгэй (üçügey)

>? Yakut: үчүгэй (ücügey)

Derived from *sǖči- (“to become sweet, sweeten”) + *-g.
May be further derived from *sǖt (“milk”), according to Erdal, for which compare the similar development in Persian شیرین (širin).


tögerek

Xiongnu:

→? Old Chinese: 丁零 (*têŋ-rêŋ)

Oghuz:

Turkmen: töwerek

Karluk:

Karakhanid:

Chagatai:

Uyghur: تۈگۈرەك (tügürek)

Uzbek: toʻgarak

Kipchak: [script needed] (tögerik)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: түңәрәк (tüñərək)

Tatar: түгәрәк (tügäräk)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: дёгерек (dögerek)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: төңірек (töñırek)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: төгөрөк (tögörök)

Southern Altai: тӧгӧрӱк (tögörük)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: түөрэм (tüörem)

→ Proto-Mongolic: *tögerig

Mongolian: дүгэриг (dügerig)

Kalmyk: төгрг (tögrg)

→ Yakut: төгүрүк (tögürük)

→ Evenki: [script needed] (tuɣuruk)

desc

→ Dolgan: төгүрүк

→ Dolgan: төгүрүк


tegiŋ

Oghur:

Chuvash:

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: تیون (teyin, teyün)
Turkish: değin, deyin, teğin, teyin

Karluk:

Uyghur: تىيىن (tiyin)

Uzbek: tiyin

→ English: tiyin

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: тейен (teyen), тин (tin)

Tatar: тиен (tiyen)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: тиін (tiın)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: тыйын (tıyın)

Southern Altai: тийиҥ (tiyiŋ)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰘𐰃𐰭 (teyiŋ)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: тииҥ (tiiñ)

Yakut: тииҥ (tiiñ)

South Siberian:

Yeniseian:

Khakas: тиин (tiin)

Sayan:

Tuvan: дииң (diiñ)


elgek

elgek (nominative singular)
elgekig (accusative singular)
elgekni (accusative singular)
elgekniŋ (genitive singular)
elgekke (dative singular)
elgekde (locative singular)
elgekden (ablative singular)
elgekgerü (allative singular)
elgekin (instrumental singular)
elgekče (equative singular)
elgekleyü (singular)
elgekligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ала (ala)

Proto-Common Turkic: *elgek

Arghu:

Khalaj: həlgək

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: ələk
→? Persian: الک (alak)

Ottoman Turkish: الك (elek)

Turkish: elek

East Oghuz:

Salar: elek

Turkmen: elek

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: иләк (ilək)

Tatar: иләк (iläk)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: elek

Karachay-Balkar: элек (elek)

Kumyk: элек (elek)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak:

Kazakh: елек (elek)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: элек (elek), элгек (elgek)

Southern Altai: элгек (elgek)

Karluk:

Uzbek: elak

Uyghur: ئەلگەك (elgek)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: илгек (ilgek)

Shor: элек (elek)

From *elge- (“to sift; sieve”) + *-k, ultimately goes back to *elig (“hand”).


yidge

yidge (nominative singular)
yidgeig (accusative singular)
yidgeni (accusative singular)
yidgeniŋ (genitive singular)
yidgeke (dative singular)
yidgede (locative singular)
yidgeden (ablative singular)
yidgegerü (allative singular)
yidgein (instrumental singular)
yidgeče (equative singular)
yidgeleyü (singular)
yidgeligü (comitative singular)

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *yidgelek

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫырла (śyrla)

→ Hungarian: szőlő (grape)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: еләк (yelək)

Tatar: җиләк (ciläk)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: джилек (cilek)

Kumyk: [script needed] (ciyelek)

South Kipchak:

Nogai: желек (jelek)

Karakalpak: жийде

Kazakh: жидек (jidek)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жийде (jiyde)

Southern Altai: јилек (ǰilek)

→ Armenian: ելակ (elak)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yeniseian Turkic:

desc

Khakas: чистек (çistek), сестек (sestek)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: iydə

Ottoman Turkish: ایكده (iğde), اگده (iğde)

Turkish: iğde (“oleaster, silverberry; silverberry tree”)

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: igde

Salar:

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yigde) (Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk)

Uzbek: jiyda

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Nogai:

Karakalpak: жийде (jiyde)

Kazakh: жийде (jiide)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жийде (jiyde)


ǖš

ǖš (nominative singular)
ǖšüg (accusative singular)
ǖšni (accusative singular)
ǖšnüŋ (genitive singular)
ǖške (dative singular)
ǖšde (locative singular)
ǖšden (ablative singular)
ǖšgerü (allative singular)
ǖšün (instrumental singular)
ǖšče (equative singular)
ǖšleyü (singular)
ǖšlügü (comitative singular)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

⇒ Ottoman Turkish: اوشك (üşek)

Turkish: üşek

Karluk:

⇒ Karakhanid: [script needed] (üşek)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

⇒ Dolgan: үс-кис (üs-kis, “sable”)

Yakut: үүс (üüs)

South Siberian:

Yeniseian:

Khakas: ӱс (üs)

Shor: ӱc (üs)

Sayan:

Tofa: үс (üs)

Tuvan: үс (üs)

The Turkish vaşak and Azerbaijani term vaşaq for lynx, might also be a descendant of *ǖš with some influences from Arabic or Persian, or directly a borrowing from Arabic وشق (wašaq).


kančïk

kančïk (nominative singular)
kančïkïg (accusative singular)
kančïknï (accusative singular)
kančïknïŋ (genitive singular)
kančïkka (dative singular)
kančïkda (locative singular)
kančïkdan (ablative singular)
kančïkgaru (allative singular)
kančïkïn (instrumental singular)
kančïkča (equative singular)
kančïklayu (singular)
kančïklïgu (comitative singular)

Proto-Common Turkic: *kaŋčïk, *kančïk

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qancıq

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: قانجیق (kancık), قانجق (kancık)
Turkish: kancık
→ Armenian: խանճըխ (xančəx)

East Oghuz:

Salar: gancıq (“female dog”)

Turkmen: ganjyk

Karluk:

Karakhanid: قَنْجِقْ (qančıq)

Uyghur: قانجۇق (qanjuq)

Uzbek: qanjiq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡансыҡ (qansıq)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: qancıq

Kumyk: [script needed] (qançıq)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: қаншық

Kazakh: қаншық (qanşyq)

Nogai: [script needed] (qancıq)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: канчык (kancık)

Southern Altai: канчык (kančïk)

Siberian:

desc

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (qančïq, “female dog”)

Probably borrowed from Sogdian 𐼸𐼻𐼿𐼷𐼸 (kncyk, “young girl”), diminutive of 𐼸𐼻𐼿 (knc, “girl”). Some anaylse it as *kan + *-čïk, however considering the root is unattested and the suffix would have been *-čük at the time, this is unlikely.

bor+

(Common Turkic) bitch; both in the sense of female dog and a promiscuous woman.


küŕen

küŕen (nominative singular)
küŕenig (accusative singular)
küŕenni (accusative singular)
küŕenniŋ (genitive singular)
küŕenke (dative singular)
küŕende (locative singular)
küŕenden (ablative singular)
küŕengerü (allative singular)
küŕenin (instrumental singular)
küŕenče (equative singular)
küŕenleyü (singular)
küŕenligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

→ Hungarian: görény

→? Proto-Mongolic: *kürene

desc

ᠬᠥ᠊᠊ᠷ᠊ᠢ᠊᠊ᠨ ᠬᠥ᠊᠊ᠷᠠᠠ᠊ᠢ᠊ᠡ

Native Script Mongolian: ᠬᠥ᠊᠊ᠷ᠊ᠢ᠊᠊ᠨ
ᠬᠥ᠊᠊ᠷᠠᠠ᠊ᠢ᠊ᠡ (kö--r-i--n kö--raa-i-e)

Mongolian: хүрэн (xüren)

Proto-Common Turkic: *küzen

Oghuz:

East Oghuz:

⇒ Turkmen: alajgözen

Kipchak:

→ Armenian: գյուջեն (gyuǰen), գուջեն (guǰen) — Nor Nakhichevan

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: гёзен (gözen)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: көҙән (köźən)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (güzen)

Kazakh: күзен (küzen), сасық күзен (sasyq küzen)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: күзөн (küzön)

Southern Altai: кӱзен (küzen)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yeniseian:

Khakas: кӱзен (küzen)

Sayan:

Tuvan: күзэн (küzen, “Siberian polecat”)

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *kürene (“ferret, weasel”), Proto-Tungusic *xur- (“bear; gopher; bear's flesh (as food); young tarbagan”).


kayïr

kayïr (nominative singular)
kayïrïg (accusative singular)
kayïrnï (accusative singular)
kayïrnïŋ (genitive singular)
kayïrka (dative singular)
kayïrda (locative singular)
kayïrdan (ablative singular)
kayïrgaru (allative singular)
kayïrïn (instrumental singular)
kayïrča (equative singular)
kayïrlayu (singular)
kayïrlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: хӑйӑр (hăjăr, “sand”)

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qayır, qayraq

Ottoman Turkish: قاير (kayır)

Turkish: kayır (“sand”)

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: gaýyr (“gravel; sand”)

Karluk:

desc

Karakhanid: [script needed] (qayır, “salt steppe; sand”)

Uzbek: qayir (“gravel”)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: къайыр (qayır, “gravel”)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: қайыр (qayır, “sandbank”)

Kazakh: қайыр (qaiyr, “sandbank”)

Nogai: къайыр (k”ayır, “sand”)

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: кайыр (kayïr, “salt marsh”)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

⇒ Yakut: хайыр таас (qayır taas, “gravel”)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: хайыр (xayır, “salt steppe”)

Compared to Proto-Tungusic *xońi (“sand; dirt”), whence Even [script needed] (ońịŋ, “sand; dirt”).


özgēn

özgēn (nominative singular)
özgēnig (accusative singular)
özgēnni (accusative singular)
özgēnniŋ (genitive singular)
özgēnke (dative singular)
özgēnde (locative singular)
özgēnden (ablative singular)
özgēngerü (allative singular)
özgēnin (instrumental singular)
özgēnče (equative singular)
özgēnleyü (singular)
özgēnligü (comitative singular)

Proto-Common Turkic: *özgēn

Siberian:

desc

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (özkän yözkän, “rain”)

North Siberian:

Yakut: өксүөн (öksüön, “cloudy, rainy autumn weather (with snow)”), өһүөн (öhüön, “long-lasting rain”)

→ Buryat: үһээ (ühee), үһээ бороо (ühee boroo, “torrential rain”)

South Siberian:

Yeniseian:

Khakas: ӱскен (üsken, “rain”)

Sayan:

Tofa: [script needed] (ösken)

Most likely a local Siberian word, maybe goes back en earlier *hözgēn . Derived from *özgē- (“an unknown verb”) + *-n.
Perhaps also related to Proto-Common Turkic *ögren, *örgen (“river, brook”) and *özen (“river, brook”).


kuńāĺ

kuńāĺ (nominative singular)
kuńāĺïg (accusative singular)
kuńāĺnï (accusative singular)
kuńāĺnïŋ (genitive singular)
kuńāĺka (dative singular)
kuńāĺda (locative singular)
kuńāĺdan (ablative singular)
kuńāĺgaru (allative singular)
kuńāĺïn (instrumental singular)
kuńāĺča (equative singular)
kuńāĺlayu (singular)
kuńāĺlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: хӗвел (hĕvel, “sun”)

Proto-Common Turkic: *kuyāš

Karluk:

Karakhanid: قُياشْ

Chagatai:

Uzbek: quyosh

Uyghur: قۇياش (quyash)

Kipchak:

Cuman: cuyas

Karaim: къуяш (quyaş)

Kumyk: кыяс (kıyas)

→ Turkish: guyaş (dial.)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡояш (qoyaş)

Tatar: кояш (qoyaş)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Nogai: [script needed] (qıyaş)

Karakalpak: quyash

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: [script needed] (quyash)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (quyaš)

Northern Altai: куйаш (kuyaš)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: куньаас (kuńaas)

Yakut: куйаас (kuyaas)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Shor: қуйаш (quyaš)

Whether this is a secondary form of *küneĺ (“sunny place”) or a distinct word is uncertain, with multiple sources claiming one or the other.
Sevortjan suggests a derivation from *kuy- which he considers a secondary form of *köń-, however neither does he explain the morphology nor is such a form attested.


kebrüč

kebrüč (nominative singular)
kebrüčüg (accusative singular)
kebrüčni (accusative singular)
kebrüčnüŋ (genitive singular)
kebrüčke (dative singular)
kebrüčde (locative singular)
kebrüčden (ablative singular)
kebrüčgerü (allative singular)
kebrüčün (instrumental singular)
kebrüčče (equative singular)
kebrüčleyü (singular)
kebrüčlügü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: каврӑҫ (kavrăś)

→ Hungarian: kőris

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: göyrüş

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: kürüç, küvrüç (dialectal)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (kevrik, “hornbeam”)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: кюрюч (kürüç)

Kumyk: гюйрюч (güyrüç)

South Kipchak:

Nogai: [script needed] (güyriş)

Can be analyzable as *keb- + *-rüč, if related to Proto-Tungusic *xiba-gda (“ash tree”), whence also Nanai сивагдан (sivagdan).


ǖgi

ǖgi (nominative singular)
ǖgiüg (accusative singular)
ǖgini (accusative singular)
ǖginüŋ (genitive singular)
ǖgike (dative singular)
ǖgide (locative singular)
ǖgiden (ablative singular)
ǖgigerü (allative singular)
ǖgiün (instrumental singular)
ǖgiče (equative singular)
ǖgileyü (singular)
ǖgilügü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ӳкӗ (ük̬ĕ)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: اكو, اوكى

Ottoman Turkish: اوكو (üğü), اوكى (üği)

Turkish: üğü, öğü, uğu (dialectal)

Salar: ügü

Turkmen: hüwi

Karluk:

Karakhanid:

Xotan-Kenchek: اُوهٖى (ü:hi)

Chagatai: [script needed] (ügü)

Uyghur: ئوۋ (ow), ئۇكە (uke)

Uzbek: ukki

Kipchak: اُوكٖى (ü:gi)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: өкө (ökö)

Tatar: өке (öke)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: үкі (ükı)

East Kipchak:

Kazakh: үкү (ükü)

Southern Altai: ӱкӱ (ükü)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yeniseian:

Khakas: ӱгӱ (ügü)

Shor: ӱгӱ (ügü)

Sayan:

Tofa: [script needed] (hügü)

Tuvan: үгү (ügü)

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *uxuli (“owl”) and Proto-Tungusic *oksari (“owl”); whence also Mongolian ууль (uulʹ) and Nanai оксаран (oksaran).


torgay

torgay (nominative singular)
torgayïg (accusative singular)
torgaynï (accusative singular)
torgaynïŋ (genitive singular)
torgayka (dative singular)
torgayda (locative singular)
torgaydan (ablative singular)
torgaygaru (allative singular)
torgayïn (instrumental singular)
torgayča (equative singular)
torgaylayu (singular)
torgaylïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: тӑри (tări)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: تورغای (torġay)

Azerbaijani: torağay

Ottoman Turkish: طویغار (“toygar”)

Turkish: toygar, turgay, Toygar (“a male given name”), Turgay (“a male given name”)

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: torgaý

Karluk:

desctree

Chagatai: تورغای (torğay)
Uzbek: toʻrgʻay
Uyghur: تورغاي (torghay)
→ Persian: ترغای (torġây), ترغی (torġay), تورغای (turġây)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: турғай (turğay)

Tatar: тургай (turgay)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: torğay

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: торғай (torğai)

⇒ Nogai: боз торгай (boz torgay)

→ Kalmyk: торһа (torğa)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: торгой (torgoy)

desc

⇒ Southern Altai: бос торкой (bos torkoy)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: туйаар (tuyaar)

If the suffix *-gay is also used in *kïrguy, then possibly derived from unknown root *tor-, which then makes it comparable to Proto-Tungusic *turākī (“raven, crow”). ( compare Evenki тураки (turaki, “turaki”)).


següt

següt (nominative singular)
segütüg (accusative singular)
segütni (accusative singular)
segütnüŋ (genitive singular)
segütke (dative singular)
segütde (locative singular)
segütden (ablative singular)
segütgerü (allative singular)
segütün (instrumental singular)
segütče (equative singular)
segütleyü (singular)
segütlügü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash:

Proto-Common Turkic: *següt, *sögüt

Arghu:

Khalaj: söğət

Proto-Oghuz: *söɣüt

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: söyüd

Ottoman Turkish: سوگود (söğüt)

Gagauz: süüt

Turkish: söğüt

East Oghuz:

Salar:

Turkmen: söwüt

Karluk:

Karakhanid: سُكُتْ (sögüt)

Uyghur: سۆگەت (söget)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (sögüt)

Old Uyghur:

Western Yugur: sögüt, segit

North Siberian:

Dolgan: үөт (üöt)

Yakut: үөт (üöt)

South Siberian:

Yeniseian:

Khakas: сӧӧт


tabar

Oghur:

Proto-Bulgar:

>? Danube Bulgar:

→ Proto-Slavic: *tovarъ

Russian: товар (tovar)

→ Yakut: табаар (tabaar)

→ Mongolian: таваар (tavaar)

→ Gagauz: tovar

Chuvash: тавар (tavar)

Proto-Common Turkic:

→ Kalmyk: тавр (tavr)

Oghuz: تَوَرْ (tawar)

desctree

Old Anatolian Turkish: طوار (ṭavar), دور (davar), داوار (davar)
Azerbaijani: davar
Ottoman Turkish: طوار (davar)
Turkish: davar, (dialectal) tavar
→ Laz: დავარი (davari)
→ Middle Armenian: տաւար (tawar)
Armenian: տավար (tavar)

Turkmen: dowar

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Bulgar:

Bashkir: тауар (tawar)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: tuvar

Krymchak: tuvar

Kipchak-Nogai:

Karakalpak: tavr

Kazakh: тауар (tauar)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: табар (tabar)

Southern Altai: табар (tabar)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: تَڤَرْ (tavar)

Chagatai:

Uzbek: tovar

Uyghur: تاۋار (tawar)

Siberian Turkic:

Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽰𐽱𐽰𐽾 (tʾβʾr /tavar/)


tūŕ

Early Proto-Turkic: *tubuŕ

Oghur:

Chuvash: тӑвар (tăvar)

Early Proto-Common Turkic: *tuwuz

→? Proto-Mongolic: *dabusun

Mongolian: ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ (dabusu)

Khalkha Mongolian: давс (davs)

Proto-Common Turkic: *tūz

Arghu:

Khalaj: tûz

Proto-Oghuz: *duz

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: duz

Ottoman Turkish: طوز (tuz)

Turkish: tuz

Turkmen: duz

Salar: duz

Karluk:

Karakhanid:

Uzbek: tuz

Uyghur: تۇز (tuz)

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Bulgar:

Bashkir: тоҙ (toź)

Tatar: тоз (toz)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: туз, tuz

Karachay-Balkar: туз (tuz)

Kumyk: туз (tuz)

Kipchak-Nogai:

Karakalpak: дуз/duz

Kazakh: тұз (tūz), дұз (dūz)

Nogai: туз (tuz)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: туз (tuz)

Southern Altai: тус (tus)

Siberian Turkic:

Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽳𐽴 (tuz)

North Siberian Turkic:

Dolgan: туус (tuus)

Yakut: туус (tuus)

South Siberian Turkic:

Sayan:

Tofa: тус (tus)

Tuvan: дус (dus)

Yeniseian:

Khakas: тус (tus)

Shor: тус (tus)


yudruk

yudruk (nominative singular)
yudrukug (accusative singular)
yudruknï (accusative singular)
yudruknuŋ (genitive singular)
yudrukka (dative singular)
yudrukda (locative singular)
yudrukdan (ablative singular)
yudrukgaru (allative singular)
yudrukun (instrumental singular)
yudrukča (equative singular)
yudruklayu (singular)
yudruklugu (comitative singular)

Proto-Common Turkic: *yudruk

Arghu:

Khalaj: zumruq

Proto-Oghuz: *yumruk

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (yumruq)

Azerbaijani: yumruq

Gagauz: yumruk

Ottoman Turkish: یومروق (yumruk)

Turkish: yumruk

→ Bulgarian: юмрук (jumruk)

Salar: yuğurdaq

Turkmen: ýumruk

Karluk:

Karakhanid: يُذْرُقْ (yuδruq)

Chagatai: [script needed] (yumruk)

Kipchak: *yumruk, *yudruk

North Kipchak:

Tatar: йомрык (yomrıq), йодрык (yodrıq)

Bashkir: йоҙроҡ (yoźroq)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: yumruq, yumrıq

Karachay-Balkar: джумдурукъ (cumduruq)

Karaim:

Kumyk: юмурукъ (yumuruq)

Urum: йумрух

Urum: йумрух

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak:

Kazakh: жұдырық (jūdyryq), жұмырық (jūmyryq)

Nogai: юмырык (yumırık)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жудурук (juduruk)

Southern Altai: јудрук (ǰudruk)

Siberian: *yudruk

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: yydrwq (yïdruq)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (uzïrïq)

North Siberian:

Yakut: сутурук (suturuk), сутурух (suturuq)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: нюдуруӄ (ńuduruq)

Tuvan: чудурук (çuduruk)

Yeniseian:

Khakas: мунзурух (munzurux), нузурух (nuzurux)

Shor: [script needed] (nuzruq)

The ultimate origin is unknown. Even though suggested to be a derivation from *yum- (“to close (of eyes)”); Bashkir, Old Uyghur, Karakhanid and so on don't point it. According to historical chronology, *yumruk seems to have later replaced *yudruk. As regards *ń-, Doerfer deemed only the comparison of Mongolic nudurga ‘fist’ and Turkic yudruk acceptable and claimed that the Mongolic form might have been dissimilated from *dudurga. In a later study in which he consonants had not undergone any changes during the formation of
Proto-Common-Turkic and Proto-Bulgar-Turkic, it is possible and quite likely that Proto-Turkic had the same initials *p-, *ń- and *d₂- aswell.
Compared to Proto-Mongolic *nidurga (“fist”) and Proto-Tungusic *nurga (“fist”). And also Korean 주먹 (jumeok, “fist”)


kerekü

kerekü (nominative singular)
kereküüg (accusative singular)
kereküni (accusative singular)
kerekünüŋ (genitive singular)
kereküke (dative singular)
kereküde (locative singular)
kereküden (ablative singular)
kerekügerü (allative singular)
kereküün (instrumental singular)
kereküče (equative singular)
kereküleyü (singular)
kerekülügü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash:

Proto-Common Turkic: *kerekü

Oghuz:

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: gerege

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (kerekü)

Uzbek: keraga

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: кирәгә (kirəgə)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: кереге (kerege)

Kazakh: кереге (kerege)

Nogai: кереге (kerege)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кереге (kerege)

Southern Altai: кереге (kerege)

Somehow similar to Proto-Mongolic *ger (“yurt, house”), whence also Mongolian гэр (ger, “yurt”).


bālïkčï

bālïkčï (nominative singular)
bālïkčïïg (accusative singular)
bālïkčïnï (accusative singular)
bālïkčïnïŋ (genitive singular)
bālïkčïka (dative singular)
bālïkčïda (locative singular)
bālïkčïdan (ablative singular)
bālïkčïgaru (allative singular)
bālïkčïïn (instrumental singular)
bālïkčïča (equative singular)
bālïkčïlayu (singular)
bālïkčïlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: пулӑҫӑ (pulăś̬ă)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Proto-Oghuz: *bālïkčï

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: balıqçı

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: بالقجی (balıkçı)
Turkish: balıkçı
→ Armenian: պալըխճի (paləxči), բալըխչի (baləxčʻi)
→ Ladino: balukchí
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Latin script: balùgdžija
Cyrillic script: балу̀гџија

Gagauz: balıkçı

East Oghuz:

Salar: baluqci

Turkmen: bālykçy

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (balıqçı)

Uyghur: بېلىقچى (bëliqchi)

Uzbek: baliqchi

Kypchak:

North Kypchak:

Bashkir: балыҡсы (balıqsı)

Tatar: балыкчы (balıqçı)

Kypchak-Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: balıqçı

Kumyk: балыкъчы (balıqçı)

Kypchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: балықшы (balyqşy)

Karakalpak: balıqşı

Kyrgyz–Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: балыкчы (balıkcı)

Southern Altai: балыкчы (balïkčï)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (balïqčï)

North Siberian:

Yakut: балыксыт (balıksıt)

Dolgan: балыксыт (balıksıt)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: балыкчы (balıkçı)

From *bālïk (“fish”) + *-čï (“occupational suffix”).


karïnčga

karïnčga (nominative singular)
karïnčgaïg (accusative singular)
karïnčganï (accusative singular)
karïnčganïŋ (genitive singular)
karïnčgaka (dative singular)
karïnčgada (locative singular)
karïnčgadan (ablative singular)
karïnčgagaru (allative singular)
karïnčgaïn (instrumental singular)
karïnčgača (equative singular)
karïnčgalayu (singular)
karïnčgalïgu (comitative singular)

Oghuz: قَرِنْجَقْ (karınčak), قَرِنْجا (karınčā)

Old Anatolian Turkish: قرنجه (qarınca)

Azerbaijani: qarınca, qarışqa

Ottoman Turkish: قرنجه

Gagauz: karımca

Turkish: karınca

→ Crimean Tatar: qarınca

Turkmen: garynja

Karluk:

desc

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (karïnčka)

Siberian:

Khakas: харчых (xarçıx, “tick”)


čümeli

čümeli (nominative singular)
čümeliig (accusative singular)
čümelini (accusative singular)
čümeliniŋ (genitive singular)
čümelike (dative singular)
čümelide (locative singular)
čümeliden (ablative singular)
čümeligerü (allative singular)
čümeliin (instrumental singular)
čümeliče (equative singular)
čümelileyü (singular)
čümeliligü (comitative singular)

Karluk:

Chigil: جُمالىٖ (çümeli)

Uyghur: چۈمۈلە (chümüle)

Uzbek: chumoli

Kipchak: [script needed] (čümeli)

North Kipchak:

Tatar: [script needed] (čümöldü)

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: шымал (şymal, “gnats, midgets, small flies or ants”)

South Kipchak:

Southern Altai: чымалы (čïmalï)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: 𐽽𐽶𐽹𐽰𐾁𐽶 (čimeli)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: шымыл (şımıl, “maggot”)


tāt

tāt (nominative singular)
tātïg (accusative singular)
tātnï (accusative singular)
tātnïŋ (genitive singular)
tātka (dative singular)
tātda (locative singular)
tātdan (ablative singular)
tātgaru (allative singular)
tātïn (instrumental singular)
tātča (equative singular)
tātlayu (singular)
tātlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

→ Hungarian: tót (“Slovak”)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: tât

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: طات (tat)

Azerbaijani: tat

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: tat

→? English: Tat

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (tat)

Chagatai: [script needed] (tat)

Uyghur: [script needed] (Tat)

Kipchak: [script needed] (tat)

West Kipchak:

Karaim: тат

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐱃𐱃 (tat, “alien; Persian”)

Old Uyghur: tʾt (“Persian”)

Western Yugur: tat (“Tibetan; Eastern Yughur”)


tǖs

tǖs (nominative singular)
tǖsüg (accusative singular)
tǖsni (accusative singular)
tǖsnüŋ (genitive singular)
tǖske (dative singular)
tǖsde (locative singular)
tǖsden (ablative singular)
tǖsgerü (allative singular)
tǖsün (instrumental singular)
tǖsče (equative singular)
tǖsleyü (singular)
tǖslügü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: тӗс (tĕs)

Proto-Common Turkic: *tǖs

Karluk:

Uyghur: تۈس (tüs)

Uzbek: tus

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: төҫ (töś)

Tatar: төс (tös)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: түс (tüs)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: түс (tüs)

Nogai: туьс (tüs)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: tüs


kām

kām (nominative singular)
kāmïg (accusative singular)
kāmnï (accusative singular)
kāmnïŋ (genitive singular)
kāmka (dative singular)
kāmda (locative singular)
kāmdan (ablative singular)
kāmgaru (allative singular)
kāmïn (instrumental singular)
kāmča (equative singular)
kāmlayu (singular)
kāmlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: юмӑҫ (jumăś)

Proto-Common Turkic: *kām

Oghuz:

Turkish: kam

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (kām)

→ Persian: قام (qâm)

Kipchak:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: кам (kam)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

⇒ Dolgan: камнаа (kamnaa)

⇒ Yakut: хамнаа (qamnaa), хамсаа (qamsaa)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: һам (ham)

Tuvan: хам (xam)

Yeniseian:

Khakas: хам (xam)

Shor: қам (qam)


bāĺ

bāĺ (nominative singular)
bāĺïg (accusative singular)
bāĺnï (accusative singular)
bāĺnïŋ (genitive singular)
bāĺka (dative singular)
bāĺda (locative singular)
bāĺdan (ablative singular)
bāĺgaru (allative singular)
bāĺïn (instrumental singular)
bāĺča (equative singular)
bāĺlayu (singular)
bāĺlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghuz:

Ottoman Turkish: باش (baş)

Turkish: baş

Turkmen: bāş

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (bāş)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: bʾš

North Siberian:

Dolgan: баас

Yakut: баас (baas)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: баис (bais)

EDAL reconstructs it as *bāĺč on the basis of Chuvash пиҫĕк (piśĕk, “inflammation”), however per Yegorov and Fedotov, that is from пиҫ (piś, “to cook”) from *biĺč-.


bït

Oghur:

Chuvash: пыйтӑ (pyjt̬ă)

Arghu:

Khalaj: bit

Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: bit

Ottoman Turkish: بت (bit), بیت (bit)

Turkish: bit

Turkmen: bit

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بِتْ (bit)

Uyghur: پىت (pit)

Uzbek: bit

Kipchak:

Kipchak–Bulgar:

Bashkir: бет (bet)

Tatar: бет (bet), bet

Kipchak–Nogai:

Kazakh: бит (bit)

Nogai: бийт (biyt)

Kyrgyz–Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: бит (bit)

Southern Altai: бийт (biyt)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: бит, bit

Karaim: бит

Krymchak: бит

Siberian:

Northern Siberian:

Yakut: быт (bıt)

South Siberian:

Tuvan: быт (bıt)

Yenisei:

Shor: пит (pit)


keleŕ

keleŕ (nominative singular)
keleŕig (accusative singular)
keleŕni (accusative singular)
keleŕniŋ (genitive singular)
keleŕke (dative singular)
keleŕde (locative singular)
keleŕden (ablative singular)
keleŕgerü (allative singular)
keleŕin (instrumental singular)
keleŕče (equative singular)
keleŕleyü (singular)
keleŕligü (comitative singular)

Proto-Common Turkic: *kelez, *keler

→ Mongolic: [Term?] (keles)

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: كلر (keler)

Azerbaijani: kələz

Turkish: kelez, keler (dialectal)

⇒ Old Anatolian Turkish: كلته كلر (kelte keler), كرتكنه (kertenkene), كلتن كلر (kelten keler)

Azerbaijani: kərtənkələ

Gagauz: kistenkelä

Ottoman Turkish: كرتنكلر (kertenkeler), كرتنكله (kertenkele)

Turkish: kertenkele

Kipchak:

Mamluk-Kipchak: كلاز (käläz)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: кескелдек

Kazakh: келес (keles)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: كَلَرْ (keler, “lizard”)

Chagatai: کلاس (keläs)

Uzbek: kaltakesak

Uyghur: كېلەر (këler), كىلە (kile)

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *keleŕ-ge

Kipchak:

Southern Altai: келески (keleski)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: 𐽷𐽰𐽻𐽶𐾁𐽷𐽳 (kʾsylkw /käsilgü/)

Western Yugur: kiselkə

Khakas: килеске (kileske)

Tuvan: хелеске (xeleske)

Shor: келескен (kelesken)

According to Bonnman and Fries, borrowed from Proto-Yeniseian *kʷetʳ-ja (“frog, lizard”) around the time of the Xiōngnú Confederacy, from an Arinic language, for which compare Arin kere (“frog”).
In light of Cypriot Turkish kelte, Tatar кәлтә (kältä) and Chuvash калта (kalt̬a), some suggest a hypothetical *kel- root, however it is a loanword from Persian کلته (“lame”). (See Tatar кәлтә елан (kältä yelan, “lizard (lit. short snake)”) and Turkish kertenkele (“lizard (lit. short lizard)”))

cog

Arin language
Cypriot Turkish
Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk
Xiongnu
tr:Besim Atalay


kömürgen

kömürgen (nominative singular)
kömürgenig (accusative singular)
kömürgenni (accusative singular)
kömürgenniŋ (genitive singular)
kömürgenke (dative singular)
kömürgende (locative singular)
kömürgenden (ablative singular)
kömürgengerü (allative singular)
kömürgenin (instrumental singular)
kömürgenče (equative singular)
kömürgenleyü (singular)
kömürgenligü (comitative singular)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish: كومرن (kömüren)

Turkish: kömüren

Gagauz: kömüren

Kipchak:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: көбүргөн (köbürgön)

Southern Altai: кӧбӱрген (köbürgen)

Karluk:

desc

Karakhanid: [script needed] (kövürgen), [script needed] (kömürgen), [script needed] (kevürken)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yeniseian:

Khakas: кӧбiрген

Shor: кӧбӱрген (köbürgen)

Sayan:

Tofa: көгирҺен (kögirhen)

Tuvan: көгүрөн (kögürön) (dial.)

From *kömür + *-gen, the root word of which is obscure and may be a borrowing, Clauson suggests that Proto-Mongolic *kömeli (“wild onion”) may be borrowed from the same source.
The medial consonant is uncertain, descendants suggest either the consonant *-b- or *-m-. Some sources also reconstruct the first vowel as *-e- instead of *-ö- due to an instance of kewürken in the DLT.


bodun

bodun (nominative singular)
bodunug (accusative singular)
bodunnï (accusative singular)
bodunnuŋ (genitive singular)
bodunka (dative singular)
bodunda (locative singular)
bodundan (ablative singular)
bodungaru (allative singular)
bodunun (instrumental singular)
bodunča (equative singular)
bodunlayu (singular)
bodunlugu (comitative singular)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بُذُونْ (buδūn)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣 (bodun)

Old Uyghur: pwdwn (bodun)

Most probably from *bod (“kin, tribe”) + *-un (“ancient plural-forming suffix”).


siŋir

siŋir (nominative singular)
siŋirig (accusative singular)
siŋirni (accusative singular)
siŋirniŋ (genitive singular)
siŋirke (dative singular)
siŋirde (locative singular)
siŋirden (ablative singular)
siŋirgerü (allative singular)
siŋirin (instrumental singular)
siŋirče (equative singular)
siŋirleyü (singular)
siŋirligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: шӑнӑр (šănăr)

Common Turkic:

Proto-Oghuz: *siŋir

West Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: sinir

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: سڭیر (siŋir), سكر (siñir), سینیر (sinir)
Turkish: sinir
→ Armenian: սինիր (sinir), սընըր (sənər)

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: siňir

Karluk:

Karakhanid: سِنکِرْ (siŋir)

Uyghur: سىڭىر (si'ngir)

Uzbek: singir

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һеңер (heñer)

Tatar: сеңер (señer)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: siñir

Karachay-Balkar: сингир (siñir)

Kumyk: сингир (siñir)

South Kipchak:

Nogai: синъир (siñir)

Kazakh: сіңір (sıñır)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: сиңир (siŋir)

Southern Altai: сиҥир (siŋir)

Teleut: сиңир (siŋir)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (siŋir)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: иҥиир (iñiir)

Yakut: иҥиир (iñiir)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: сиир (siir)

Tuvan: сиир (siir)

Yeniseian:

Khakas: сиир (siir)

Possibly related to Proto-Mongolic *sindasun (“sinew”), whence also Mongolian шандас (šandas).


öd(r)eŋi

ödeŋi (canonical)
ödeŋi (nominative singular)
ödreŋi (nominative singular)
ödeŋiig (accusative singular)
ödreŋiig (accusative singular)
ödeŋini (accusative singular)
ödreŋini (accusative singular)
ödeŋiniŋ (genitive singular)
ödreŋiniŋ (genitive singular)
ödeŋike (dative singular)
ödreŋike (dative singular)
ödeŋide (locative singular)
ödreŋide (locative singular)
ödeŋiden (ablative singular)
ödreŋiden (ablative singular)
ödeŋigerü (allative singular)
ödreŋigerü (allative singular)
ödeŋiin (instrumental singular)
ödreŋiin (instrumental singular)
ödeŋiče (equative singular)
ödreŋiče (equative singular)
ödeŋileyü (singular)
ödreŋileyü (singular)
ödeŋiligü (comitative singular)
ödreŋiligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: вӗрене (vĕrene)

Common Turkic:

Karluk:

Uyghur: ئېرەن (ëren)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: өйәңкә (öyəñkə)

Tatar: өрәңге (öräñge)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: örge

Karachay-Balkar: юрге (yurge)

Kumyk: уьрге (ürge)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: үйеңкі (üieñkı)


sögil

sögil (nominative singular)
sögilig (accusative singular)
sögilni (accusative singular)
sögilniŋ (genitive singular)
sögilke (dative singular)
sögilde (locative singular)
sögilden (ablative singular)
sögilgerü (allative singular)
sögilin (instrumental singular)
sögilče (equative singular)
sögilleyü (singular)
sögilligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: шӑклӑ (šăklă)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: siyil

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: ziyil
→ Persian: زگیل (zegil)

Ottoman Turkish: سگیل (siğil)

Turkish: siğil

Salar: süle, süli

Turkmen: siňňil

Karluk:

Uzbek: soʻgal

→ Tajik: севол (sevol)

Uyghur: سۆگەل (sögel)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һөйәл (höyəl)

Tatar: сөял (söyal)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: сюел (süyel)

South Kipchak:

Nogai: шүйел

Kazakh: сүйел (süiel)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: сөөл (sööl)

Southern Altai: сӧӧл (sööl)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (sögöl)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tofa: сөөл (sööl)

Tuvan: сөөл (sööl)

Yenisei:

Khakas: сӧӧл


čortan

čortan (nominative singular)
čortanïg (accusative singular)
čortannï (accusative singular)
čortannïŋ (genitive singular)
čortanka (dative singular)
čortanda (locative singular)
čortandan (ablative singular)
čortangaru (allative singular)
čortanïn (instrumental singular)
čortanča (equative singular)
čortanlayu (singular)
čortanlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫӑртан (śărt̬an)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Proto-Oghuz: *čortan

West Oghuz:

Turkish: çortan

Karluk:

Uyghur: چورتان (chortan)

Uzbek: choʻrtan

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: суртан (surtan)

Tatar: чуртан (çurtan)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: чортан (çortan)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: шортан (şortan)

Nogai: шортан (şortan)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: чортон (corton)

Southern Altai: чортон (čorton)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Dolgan: һордоҥ (hordoñ)

Yakut: сордоҥ (sordoñ)

South Siberian:

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: сортан (sortan)

Shor: шортан (şortan)

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: шортан (şortan)

Likely comparable to Proto-Mongolic *curukaï (“pike”) and Proto-Tungusic *čōr- (“pike”). Thus, analyzable as *čor- + *-tan.
Compare Mongolian цурхай (curxaj, “pike”) and Solon соралди (soraldi, “pike”).


ukruk

ukruk (nominative singular)
ukrukug (accusative singular)
ukruknï (accusative singular)
ukruknuŋ (genitive singular)
ukrukka (dative singular)
ukrukda (locative singular)
ukrukdan (ablative singular)
ukrukgaru (allative singular)
ukrukun (instrumental singular)
ukrukča (equative singular)
ukruklayu (singular)
ukruklugu (comitative singular)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: ukuruk

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اُقْرُقْ (uqruq)

Uyghur: [script needed] (oquruq)

Uzbek: qoʻruq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡороҡ (qoroq)

Tatar: курык (qurıq)

Central Kipchak:

Kazakh: құрық (qūryq)

Nogai: [script needed] (qurıq)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: укурук (ukuruk)

Southern Altai: урук (uruk)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

desc

Yakut: оҕуур (oğuur, “lasso”), оҕурук (oğuruk, “fetter”)

→ Proto-Mongolic: *uxurga (“lasso pole”)

Doerfer suggests three possibilities:
* Related to *uruk, however Clauson doesn't connect the two on the basis of semantics and morphology.
* A compound *ok (“arrow”) + *uruk (“rope”).
* A diminutive from *okur ~ *ukur based on Yakut оҕуур (oğuur, “lasso”).


urkan

urkan (nominative singular)
urkanïg (accusative singular)
urkannï (accusative singular)
urkannïŋ (genitive singular)
urkanka (dative singular)
urkanda (locative singular)
urkandan (ablative singular)
urkangaru (allative singular)
urkanïn (instrumental singular)
urkanča (equative singular)
urkanlayu (singular)
urkanlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: urğan (dial.)

Ottoman Turkish: اورغان (urgan)

Gagauz: urgan

Turkish: urgan

Salar: urqan

Turkmen: urgan

→ Karakalpak: [script needed] (urqan)

From *ur- (“to hit; to place”) + *-gan. Cognate with *uruk (“rope”). According to Clauson, unrelated to *ȫrk and *ȫrken which are instead from *ȫr- (“to plait”). Relation to *arkan (“rope”) is uncertain.


kibente

kibente (nominative singular)
kibenteig (accusative singular)
kibenteni (accusative singular)
kibenteniŋ (genitive singular)
kibenteke (dative singular)
kibentede (locative singular)
kibenteden (ablative singular)
kibentegerü (allative singular)
kibentein (instrumental singular)
kibenteče (equative singular)
kibenteleyü (singular)
kibenteligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: кӗвенте (kĕvent̬e)

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: күйенте (küiente)

Nort Kipchak:

Bashkir: көйәнтә (köyəntə)

Tatar: көянтә (köyantä)


kï̄n

kï̄n (nominative singular)
kï̄nïg (accusative singular)
kï̄nnï (accusative singular)
kï̄nnïŋ (genitive singular)
kï̄nka (dative singular)
kï̄nda (locative singular)
kï̄ndan (ablative singular)
kï̄ngaru (allative singular)
kï̄nïn (instrumental singular)
kï̄nča (equative singular)
kï̄nlayu (singular)
kï̄nlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: йӗнӗ (jĕnĕ)

Common Turkic:

Proto-Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: qın

Ottoman Turkish: قین (kın)

Turkish: kın

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: gyn

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (qın)

Uyghur: قىن (qin)

Uzbek: qin

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡын (qın)

Tatar: кын (qın)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: qın

Karaim: kyn

Karachay-Balkar: къын (qın)

Kumyk: къын (qın)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: qın

Kazakh: қын (qyn)

Nogai: кын (kın)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кын (kın)

Southern Altai: кын (kïn)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (qïn)

Western Yugur: qïn

Northern Altai: кын (kïn)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: кыын (kıın)

Yakut: кыын (kıın)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tofa: һын (hın)

Tuvan: хын (xın)

Yenisei:

Khakas: хын (xın)

Shor: қын (qın)


bilegü

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: bülöv

Ottoman Turkish: بلگو (bileği, bileğü)

Turkish: bileği

Salar: bili

Turkmen: bilew


kodurčuk

kodurčuk (nominative singular)
kodurčukug (accusative singular)
kodurčuknï (accusative singular)
kodurčuknuŋ (genitive singular)
kodurčukka (dative singular)
kodurčukda (locative singular)
kodurčukdan (ablative singular)
kodurčukgaru (allative singular)
kodurčukun (instrumental singular)
kodurčukča (equative singular)
kodurčuklayu (singular)
kodurčuklugu (comitative singular)

Common Turkic:

Proto-Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: kavırçak, korçak, koğurçak (all are dial.)

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: gurjak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: قُذُرْجُقْ (quδurčuq)

Chagatai: [script needed] (qoğurcaq), [script needed] (qavur), [script needed] (qavurčağ), [script needed] (qavucaq)

Uyghur: قورچاق (qorchaq)

Uzbek: qoʻgʻirchoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡурсаҡ (qursaq)

Tatar: курчак (qurçaq)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: къурчакъ (qurçaq)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (quvırşaq)

Kazakh: қуыршақ (quyrşaq)

Nogai: кувыршак (kuvırşak)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: куурчак (kuurcak)

Southern Altai: корчок (korčok)

* According to Tekin, from *koduŕ (“woman”) + *-čuk (“diminutive suffix”). However, the word seems to have more specifically referred to widows, as opposed to women in general, which makes it semantically dubious.
* Authors of EDAL under the discredited Altaic theory, citing Räsänen's construction of this form with a velar rather than an alveolar-dental sound in the second syllable, reconstruct this word as *kagurčak, assuming the Chagatai and Uzbek forms with *-g- to be the original sound and connect the word with Proto-Tungusic *xakukan (“doll”) and Japanese 傀儡 (kugutsu, “doll”). However a sound change *-g- → -d- is otherwise not found in Karakhanid, which is explained by the same authors as a phonetic aberration.
Relation with *kāparčak (“blister, pustule”), which came to also be used for "doll" in Karakhanid is uncertain, perhaps a conflation of the two terms or coincidence.


ȫg

ȫg (nominative singular)
ȫgüg (accusative singular)
ȫgni (accusative singular)
ȫgnüŋ (genitive singular)
ȫgke (dative singular)
ȫgde (locative singular)
ȫgden (ablative singular)
ȫggerü (allative singular)
ȫgün (instrumental singular)
ȫgče (equative singular)
ȫgleyü (singular)
ȫglügü (comitative singular)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

desc

⇒ Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (öğlen-, “to gather thoughts”)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (ȫg)

⇒ Karakhanid: [script needed] (öglüg, “thoughtful”)

⇒ Karakhanid: [script needed] (ögsüz, “witless”)

Siberian:

⇒ Old Turkic: 𐰇𐰏𐰠𐰾 (ögleš-, “to council”)

Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽷 (ög, “mind”)

⇒ Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽺𐽹𐽰𐽷 (öglenmek, “to become concious”)

⇒ Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽻𐽳𐽴 (ögsüz, “witless”)

⇒ Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽻𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ögsiremek, “to faint”)

From *ȫ- (“to think, to be aware”) + *-g.


yïmurt

yïmurt (nominative singular)
yïmurtug (accusative singular)
yïmurtnï (accusative singular)
yïmurtnuŋ (genitive singular)
yïmurtka (dative singular)
yïmurtda (locative singular)
yïmurtdan (ablative singular)
yïmurtgaru (allative singular)
yïmurtun (instrumental singular)
yïmurtča (equative singular)
yïmurtlayu (singular)
yïmurtlugu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫӗмӗрт (śĕmĕrt)

Proto-Common Turkic: *yïmurt

Proto-Oghuz: *yumurt

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: cumurt

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: yumurt

Karluk:

Uzbek: shumurt

Kipchak:

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: јымырыт (ǰïmïrït)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yeniseian:

Khakas: нымырт (nımırt)

Shor: ныбырт (nıbırt)

Northern Altai: ньымырт (nʹïmïrt)


čöp

čöp (nominative singular)
čöpüg (accusative singular)
čöpni (accusative singular)
čöpnüŋ (genitive singular)
čöpke (dative singular)
čöpde (locative singular)
čöpden (ablative singular)
čöpgerü (allative singular)
čöpün (instrumental singular)
čöpče (equative singular)
čöpleyü (singular)
čöplügü (comitative singular)

Oghuz

West Oghuz

Azerbaijani: çöp

Ottoman Turkish [Term?]

Turkish: çöp

Kipchak

North Kipchak

Bashkir: сүп (süp)


kïzak

kïzak (nominative singular)
kïzakïg (accusative singular)
kïzaknï (accusative singular)
kïzaknïŋ (genitive singular)
kïzakka (dative singular)
kïzakda (locative singular)
kïzakdan (ablative singular)
kïzakgaru (allative singular)
kïzakïn (instrumental singular)
kïzakča (equative singular)
kïzaklayu (singular)
kïzaklïgu (comitative singular)

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

→ Persian: خیزک

→ Azerbaijani: xizək

Ottoman Turkish قیزاق (kızak)

Turkish: kızak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (qızaq)

Uyghur: [script needed] (quzuq)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡуҙы (quźı)

Tatar: кызав (qızaw)


čöpik

čöpik (nominative singular)
čöpikig (accusative singular)
čöpikni (accusative singular)
čöpikniŋ (genitive singular)
čöpikke (dative singular)
čöpikde (locative singular)
čöpikden (ablative singular)
čöpikgerü (allative singular)
čöpikin (instrumental singular)
čöpikče (equative singular)
čöpikleyü (singular)
čöpikligü (comitative singular)

Oghuz

West Oghuz

Azerbaijani: çubuq

Ottoman Turkish [Term?]

Turkish: çubuk

Potentially from *čöp (“1. trash, precipitate 2. stick, twig”) + *-ik, diminutive of *čöp.


ülker

ülker (nominative singular)
ülkerig (accusative singular)
ülkerni (accusative singular)
ülkerniŋ (genitive singular)
ülkerke (dative singular)
ülkerde (locative singular)
ülkerden (ablative singular)
ülkergerü (allative singular)
ülkerin (instrumental singular)
ülkerče (equative singular)
ülkerleyü (singular)
ülkerligü (comitative singular)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: Ülkər

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: Ülker

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اُلْكَرْ (ülker)

Chagatai:

Uzbek: Hulkar

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: Өлкәр (Ölkər)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: Уьлкер (Ülker)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: Үркер (Ürker)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: Үркөр (Ürkör)

Siberian:

desc

𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽷𐽰𐽾 𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴

Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽷𐽰𐽾 𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴 (Ülker yultuz /ʾwylkʾr ywltwz/)

North Siberian:

Yakut: Үргэл (Ürgel)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tofa: үъһер

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: Ӱлгер (Ülger)


ogrï

ogrï (nominative singular)
ogrïïg (accusative singular)
ogrïnï (accusative singular)
ogrïnïŋ (genitive singular)
ogrïka (dative singular)
ogrïda (locative singular)
ogrïdan (ablative singular)
ogrïgaru (allative singular)
ogrïïn (instrumental singular)
ogrïča (equative singular)
ogrïlayu (singular)
ogrïlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: вӑрӑ (vără)

→ Hungarian: orv

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: hoğrı

Proto-Oghuz: *oɣrï

West Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: oğru

Ottoman Turkish: اوغری (oğrı)

Turkish: uğru

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: ogry

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اُغْریٖ (oɣrï)

Uyghur: ئوغرى (oghri)

Uzbek: oʼgʼri

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: уғры (uğrı)

Tatar: угры (uğrı)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: уручу (uruçu) (< *ogrïčï)

South Kipchak:

Nogai: уры (urı)

Kazakh: ұры (ūry)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: ууру (uuru)

Southern Altai: уур (uur)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰆𐰍𐰺𐰃 (oɣrï)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: уор (uor)

Yakut: уор (uor)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tofa: оору (ooru)

Tuvan: оор (oor)

Yenisei:

Khakas: оғыр (oğır)

Likely related to *ogra- (“to meet, to come by”) and *ogur (“luck, fortune; opportunity; a specific time”).


čašut

čašut (nominative singular)
čašutug (accusative singular)
čašutnï (accusative singular)
čašutnuŋ (genitive singular)
čašutka (dative singular)
čašutda (locative singular)
čašutdan (ablative singular)
čašutgaru (allative singular)
čašutun (instrumental singular)
čašutča (equative singular)
čašutlayu (singular)
čašutlugu (comitative singular)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (çaşıt)

Turkish: çaşıt (vernacular)

Kipchak: [script needed] (çaşut)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (čašut)


kotuz

kotuz (nominative singular)
kotuzug (accusative singular)
kotuznï (accusative singular)
kotuznuŋ (genitive singular)
kotuzka (dative singular)
kotuzda (locative singular)
kotuzdan (ablative singular)
kotuzgaru (allative singular)
kotuzun (instrumental singular)
kotuzča (equative singular)
kotuzlayu (singular)
kotuzlugu (comitative singular)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qotaz

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: hotoz

Turkmen: gotaz

Karluk:

desctree

Karakhanid: قُتُزْ (qutuz)
→ Tajik: қутос (qutos)
Uyghur: قوتاز (qotaz)
Uzbek: qoʻtos

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: кутаз (qutaz)

South Kipchak:

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: қодас (qodas)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: котос (kotos)


sāŕgan

sāŕgan (nominative singular)
sāŕganïg (accusative singular)
sāŕgannï (accusative singular)
sāŕgannïŋ (genitive singular)
sāŕganka (dative singular)
sāŕganda (locative singular)
sāŕgandan (ablative singular)
sāŕgangaru (allative singular)
sāŕganïn (instrumental singular)
sāŕganča (equative singular)
sāŕganlayu (singular)
sāŕganlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Old Chuvash: шаран (šaran)

→ Hungarian: sárkány

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: sazan

Ottoman Turkish: سازان

Turkish: sazan

Gagauz: sazan

Turkmen: sāzan

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (sazgan)

Uzbek: sazan

Kipchak: [script needed] (sazagan)

North Kypchak:

Bashkir: һаҙан (haźan)

Kypchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: сазан (sazan)

Kyrgyz–Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: [script needed] (sazan)

Southern Altai: сазан (sazan)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: [script needed] (sazan)


kūrt

kūrt (nominative singular)
kūrtug (accusative singular)
kūrtnï (accusative singular)
kūrtnuŋ (genitive singular)
kūrtka (dative singular)
kūrtda (locative singular)
kūrtdan (ablative singular)
kūrtgaru (allative singular)
kūrtun (instrumental singular)
kūrtča (equative singular)
kūrtlayu (singular)
kūrtlugu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: хорт (hort), хурт (hurt)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: qûrt

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qurd

desc

Ottoman Turkish: قورت (kurt), (diminutive) قورتجغز (kurtcağız)

Turkish: kurt, (diminutive) kurtçuk

Gagauz: курт, kurt

Turkmen: gurt, (diminutive) gurçuk

Karluk:

Karakhanid: قُرْتْ (qurt)

Uyghur: قۇرۇت (qurut)

Uzbek: qurt

Kipchak:

Kypchak-Bulgar:

Tatar: корт (qort), qort

Bashkir: ҡорт (qort)

Kypchak-Nogai:

Karakalpak: qurt

Kazakh: құрт (qūrt)

Kyrgyz–Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: курт (kurt)

Southern Altai: курт (kurt)

Kipchak–Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: къурт, qurt

Karaim: курт

Karachay-Balkar: къурт (qurt)

Kumyk: хурт (xurt)

North Kypchak:

Bashkir: ҡорт (qort)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tofa: ӄуърт

Tuvan: курт (kurt)

Yenisei:

Khakas: хурт (xurt)

Western Yugur: қурт

The meaning wolf seen exclusively in Oghuz is likely due to taboo speech. Compare Turkmen möjek (“wolf”) from *bȫgček (“insect”).


ï̄t

ï̄t (nominative singular)
ï̄tïg (accusative singular)
ï̄tnï (accusative singular)
ï̄tnïŋ (genitive singular)
ï̄tka (dative singular)
ï̄tda (locative singular)
ï̄tdan (ablative singular)
ï̄tgaru (allative singular)
ï̄tïn (instrumental singular)
ï̄tča (equative singular)
ï̄tlayu (singular)
ï̄tlïgu (comitative singular)
*ït (alternative)

Oghur:

Chuvash: йытӑ (jyt̬ă)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: ît

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (it)

Azerbaijani: it

Ottoman Turkish: ایت (it)

Turkish: it (derogatory)

Gagauz: it

Salar: idd, it

Turkmen: it

Karluk:

Karakhanid: ات (it)

Uyghur: ئىت (it)

Uzbek: it

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: эт (et)

Tatar: эт (et)

West Kipchak:

Crimeaic Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: it

Urum: ит (it)

Karachay-Balkar: ит (it)

Kumyk: ит (it)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (iyt)

Kazakh: ит (it)

Nogai: ийт (iyt)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: ит (it)

Southern Altai: ийт (iyt)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰃𐱃 (ït)

Old Uyghur: yt (ït)

Western Yugur: əʃt

→? Salar: idd

North Siberian:

Dolgan: ыт

Yakut: ыт (ıt)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: ыт (ıt)


tilkü

tilkü (nominative singular)
tilküüg (accusative singular)
tilküni (accusative singular)
tilkünüŋ (genitive singular)
tilküke (dative singular)
tilküde (locative singular)
tilküden (ablative singular)
tilkügerü (allative singular)
tilküün (instrumental singular)
tilküče (equative singular)
tilküleyü (singular)
tilkülügü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: тилӗ (tilĕ)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: tilkü

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: دلكو (dilkü)

Azerbaijani: tülkü

Gagauz: tilki

Ottoman Turkish: تلكی (tilki)

Turkish: tilki

Turkmen: tilki

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (tilkü, tilki)

Uyghur: تۈلكە (tülke)

Uzbek: tulki

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: төлкө (tölkö)

Tatar: төлке (tölke)

South Kipchak:

Kipchak-Nogai:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (tülki)

Kazakh: түлкі (tülkı)

Nogai: туьлки (tülki)

Kyrgyz–Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: түлкү (tülkü)

Southern Altai: тӱлкӱ (tülkü)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: tilki

Karachay-Balkar: тюлкю (tülkü)

Kumyk: тюлкю (tülkü)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: 𐱅𐰃𐰠𐰚𐰇 (tilkü)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: дилги (dilgi)

Khakas: тӱлгӱ (tülgü)

Shor: тӱлгӱ

Connected to Proto-Tungusic *tulge (“wolf”) by EDAL.


yās

yās (nominative singular)
yāsïg (accusative singular)
yāsnï (accusative singular)
yāsnïŋ (genitive singular)
yāska (dative singular)
yāsda (locative singular)
yāsdan (ablative singular)
yāsgaru (allative singular)
yāsïn (instrumental singular)
yāsča (equative singular)
yāslayu (singular)
yāslïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur: *ʒās

Old Chuvash: *ďās

→ Old Hungarian: gazolcodic (ďāsolkodik, “to wear funeral clothes, to be bereft”) (c. 1416)

Hungarian: gyász (“bereavement, mourning”)

Anatri Chuvash: *śüs

→ Eastern Mari: сӧс (sös, “memorial celebration”)

Proto-Common Turkic: *yās

Oghuz: ياسْ (yās, “death”)

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yas

Ottoman Turkish: یاس (yâs)

Turkish: yas

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: yās (“feast held after a funeral, mourning”)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: ىاَسْ (yās, “loss, mourning; trade deficit”)

Chagatai: ىاَسْ (yās, “lamentation”)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: ias (yās, “melancholy, sadness”)

Siberian Turkic:

North Siberian Turkic:

Dolgan: һаатыннар (“to shame (tran.)”)

Yakut: саат (saat)

Yakut: саат-тааһ (saat-taah, “enemy”)

South Siberian Turkic:

Old Uyghur: 𐽶𐽰𐽻 (yas, “shame, sadness”)

Unknown. In modern descendants, excluding Yakut, the reflexes of this root are indistinguishable from loanwords from Arabic يَأْس (yaʔs) although Oghuz forms are definitely not loanwords from said source.


kẹyik

kẹyik (nominative singular)
kẹyikig (accusative singular)
kẹyikni (accusative singular)
kẹyikniŋ (genitive singular)
kẹyikke (dative singular)
kẹyikde (locative singular)
kẹyikden (ablative singular)
kẹyikgerü (allative singular)
kẹyikin (instrumental singular)
kẹyikče (equative singular)
kẹyikleyü (singular)
kẹyikligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

desctree

Chuvash: кайӑк (kajăk, “bird”)
→ Eastern Mari: кайык (kajyk)

Common Turkic:

Proto-Oghuz: *geyik

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: keýik

West Oghuz:

Ottoman Turkish: كیك (geyik)

Turkish: geyik

desc

→ Armenian: կէյիկ (kēyik), կըյըկ (kəyək)

Salar: kiyik

Karluk:

Karakhanid: كَیِكْ (keyik)

Uyghur: كىيىك (kiyik)

Uzbek: kiyik

Kipchak:

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: кийик (kiyik)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰚𐰃𐰘𐰃𐰚 (kiyik)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas: киик (kiik)


kadï

kadï (nominative singular)
kadïïg (accusative singular)
kadïnï (accusative singular)
kadïnïŋ (genitive singular)
kadïka (dative singular)
kadïda (locative singular)
kadïdan (ablative singular)
kadïgaru (allative singular)
kadïïn (instrumental singular)
kadïča (equative singular)
kadïlayu (singular)
kadïlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: хыр (hyr)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: хады

Tuvan: хады (xadı)

Yeniseian:

Khakas: хазы (xazı)

Helimski (1995) supposed a loan from < Proto-Samoyedic *kåət, ultimately from Proto-Uralic *kowse.


tāpan

Oghur:

Chuvash: тупан (tup̬an)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: tâpân

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: daban

Ottoman Turkish:

Gagauz: taban

Turkish: taban

Turkmen: dāban

Karluk:

Karakhanid: تَبَنْ (tapan)

Chagatai: [script needed] (taban/tapan)

Uyghur: [script needed] (tapan)

Uzbek: tobon

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: [script needed] (taban)

Tatar: [script needed] (taban)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: [script needed] (taban)

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (taban)

Karaim: [script needed] (taban)

Kumyk: [script needed] (taban)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (taban)

Kazakh: табан (taban)

Nogai: [script needed] (taban)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: таман (taman)

Southern Altai: таман (taman)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tawan)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (tawan)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: [script needed] (taman)

Tuvan: [script needed] (tavan)

From Proto-Turkic *tāp(a)- (“to trample”).
Akin to Proto-Mongolic *tabag.


ȫrgüč

ȫrgüč (nominative singular)
ȫrgüčüg (accusative singular)
ȫrgüčni (accusative singular)
ȫrgüčnüŋ (genitive singular)
ȫrgüčke (dative singular)
ȫrgüčde (locative singular)
ȫrgüčden (ablative singular)
ȫrgüčgerü (allative singular)
ȫrgüčün (instrumental singular)
ȫrgüčče (equative singular)
ȫrgüčleyü (singular)
ȫrgüčlügü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Bulgar: *вӑркӑч (vărkăč)

→ Proto-Slavic: *vъrkočь

Polish: warkocz


örčüg

örčüg (nominative singular)
örčügüg (accusative singular)
örčügni (accusative singular)
örčügnüŋ (genitive singular)
örčügke (dative singular)
örčügde (locative singular)
örčügden (ablative singular)
örčüggerü (allative singular)
örčügün (instrumental singular)
örčügče (equative singular)
örčügleyü (singular)
örčüglügü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

→ Hungarian: orsó

Karluk:

Uzbek: urchuq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak

Bashkir: орсоҡ (orsoq)

Tatar: орчык (orçıq)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: урчукъ (urçuq)

Central Kipchak:

Kazakh: ұршық (ūrşyq)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas: орчых (orçıx)


akïn

akïn (nominative singular)
akïnïg (accusative singular)
akïnnï (accusative singular)
akïnnïŋ (genitive singular)
akïnka (dative singular)
akïnda (locative singular)
akïndan (ablative singular)
akïngaru (allative singular)
akïnïn (instrumental singular)
akïnča (equative singular)
akïnlayu (singular)
akïnlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: юхӑм (juh̬ăm)

Common Turkic:

Proto-Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: axın

Ottoman Turkish: آقین (aqın)

Turkish: akın

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اَقِنْ (aqïn)

Uyghur: ئېقىن (ëqin)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: aqın

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: ағын (ağyn)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: агын (agın)

Southern Altai: агын (agïn)


tokurčïn

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: طقورجين

Ottoman Turkish: طوقورجين

Turkish: dokurcun (dial.)

Kipchak:

Mamluk-Kipchak: طُقُرْجِنْ