kamïĺ

kamïĺ (nominative singular)
kamïĺïg (accusative singular)
kamïĺnï (accusative singular)
kamïĺnïŋ (genitive singular)
kamïĺka (dative singular)
kamïĺda (locative singular)
kamïĺdan (ablative singular)
kamïĺgaru (allative singular)
kamïĺïn (instrumental singular)
kamïĺča (equative singular)
kamïĺlayu (singular)
kamïĺlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: хӑмӑл (hămăl), хумул (humul)

→ Tatar: камыл (qamıl)

→ Bashkir: ҡамыл (qamıl)

→ Ossetian: хъамыл (qamyl)

→ Kabardian: къамыл (qaməl)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qamış

Ottoman Turkish: قامش (kamış)
Turkish: kamış
→ Armenian: խամիշ (xamiš), կամիշ (kamiš)
→ Bulgarian: камъ́ш (kamǎ́š)
→ Macedonian: камиш (kamiš)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ка̀миш
Latin script: kàmiš
→ Slovene: kaníš, kamež

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: gamyş

Karluk:

Karakhanid: قَمِشْ (qamïš)
Chagatai: قامیش
Uyghur: قومۇش (qomush)
Uzbek: qamish

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡамыш (qamış)

Tatar: камыш (qamış)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: камыш

Karaim: къамыш

Kumyk: къамуш (qamuş)

Karachay-Balkar: къамиш (qamiş)

Central Kipchak:

Karakalpak: қамыс

Kazakh: қамыс (qamys)

Nogai: камыс (kamıs)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: камыш (kamış)

Southern Altai: камыш (kamïš)

desc

→ Chuvash: хӑмӑш (hămăš), хумуш (humuš), хумӑш (humăš)

→ Russian: камы́ш (kamýš)

→ Ukrainian: ками́ш (kamýš)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (qamïš)

Northern Siberian:

Yakut: хамыс (qamıs), хомус (qomus)

Southern Siberian:

Yeniseian:

Khakas: хамыс (xamıs)

Shor: камыш

Sayan:

Tuvan: хымыш (xımış)


kōń

Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk
Irk Bitig
Old Uyghur
tr:Besim Atalay

Arghu: قُونْ (kōn)

Khalaj: qôn

Proto-Oghuz: *koyn

Old Anatolian Turkish: قوین (qoyn, qoyın), قویون (qoyun), قیون (qoyun), قوی (qoy)

Ajem-Turkic:

Azerbaijani: qoyun

Qashqai: گوْیین (goyin)

Turkmeneli Turkish/Turcoman: [Term?] (ḳoyṷn)

Gagauz: koyun

Ottoman Turkish: قویون (koyun)

Turkish: koyun

→ Crimean Tatar: qoyun

Salar: goy, goy yılı (affected or borrowed from Old Uyghur)

Turkmen: goýun

Karluk:

Karakhanid: قُوىْ (kōy, “sheep”), قُوݧُغ (kōńug, “sheep (accusative)”)

desctree

Chagatai: قوی (qoy), قویون (qoyun)
Uyghur: قوي (qoy)
Uzbek: qoʻy

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡуй (quy)

Tatar: куй (quy)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: qoy

Kumyk: къой (qoy)

Karachay-Balkar: къой (qoy)

Karaim: кой, къой

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: qoy

Kazakh: қой (qoi)

Nogai: кой (koy)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: кой (koy)

Kyrgyz: кой (koy)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰸𐰆𐰪 (koń)

desc

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (koy, koń, koyın)

Old Uyghur: 𐰴𐰆𐰪 (koń) (Irk Bitig)

Western Yugur: ɢoj (qoy)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: һой

Tuvan: хой (xoy)

Yenisei:

Khakas: хой (xoy)

Shor: қой (qoy)

→ Proto-Mongolic: *konïn (“sheep”)

→ Proto-Tungusic: *konin (“sheep”) (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Proto-Tungusic: *koniska (“sheepskin”)

Relation to Armenian խոյ (xoy, “ram”) is uncertain and possible loaning both ways have been discussed with no consensus reached.
Some sources consider Oghuz forms to include a supposed diminutive suffix *-un, however such a suffix does not exist and it instead appears to be a developement from *-ń-, compare etymology 2, *bẹńi (“brain”), *köń- (“to burn”), *tuńak (“hoof”) and *kańak (“cream”).


kōń

Oghur:

Chuvash: хӳ (hü)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: qôn

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: قوینو (qoynu), قوی (qoy)

Azerbaijani: qoyun

Gagauz: koynu

Ottoman Turkish: قوین (koyun)

Turkish: koyun, koy (“cove”)

Salar: goynu

Turkmen: goýun

Karluk:

Karakhanid: قُوىْ (kōy, “bosom”)

Chagatai:

Uyghur: قويۇن (qoyun)

Uzbek: qoʻyin

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡуйын (quyın)

Tatar: ҡуйын

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: қойын (qoiyn)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: койын (koyın)

Southern Altai: койын (koyïn)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (koy), [script needed] (koyun)

North Siberian:

Yakut: хоой (qooy)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: хой (xoy)


ōk

ōk (nominative singular)
ōkug (accusative singular)
ōknï (accusative singular)
ōknuŋ (genitive singular)
ōkka (dative singular)
ōkda (locative singular)
ōkdan (ablative singular)
ōkgaru (allative singular)
ōkun (instrumental singular)
ōkča (equative singular)
ōklayu (singular)
ōklugu (comitative singular)
*ūk (alternative)

Oghur

Chuvash: йӑх (jăh)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

>? Turkish: ok atmak (dial.)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اُوقْ (ōq, “share of inheritance”)

Kypchak:

Kypchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: [script needed] (ŭq) (dialectal)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰸 (uq ~ oq, “kin, tribe”)

Sayan:

Tuvan: ук (uk)

Clauson states that, owing to the supposed ceremonial and ritual uses of arrows in Turkic cultures, the word for arrow, *ok, may have influenced this root and *ōk (“shared inheritance”).


sarïk

sarïk (nominative singular)
sarïkïg (accusative singular)
sarïknï (accusative singular)
sarïknïŋ (genitive singular)
sarïkka (dative singular)
sarïkda (locative singular)
sarïkdan (ablative singular)
sarïkgaru (allative singular)
sarïkïn (instrumental singular)
sarïkča (equative singular)
sarïklayu (singular)
sarïklïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur

Chuvash: сурăх (surăh)

Common Turkic

Kipchak

North Kipchak

Bashkir: һарыҡ (harıq)

Tatar: сарык (sarıq)

South Kipchak

Karakalpak: sariq (“a type of sheep”)

Kazakh: сарық (saryq, “a type of sheep”)

Siberian

South Siberian

Tuvan: сарадак (saradak, “a 2-year-old maral”)


čeček

čeček (nominative singular)
čečekig (accusative singular)
čečekni (accusative singular)
čečekniŋ (genitive singular)
čečekke (dative singular)
čečekde (locative singular)
čečekden (ablative singular)
čečekgerü (allative singular)
čečekin (instrumental singular)
čečekče (equative singular)
čečekleyü (singular)
čečekligü (comitative singular)

Oghur：

Chuvash: ҫеҫке (śeśke)

→ Udmurt: сяська (śaśka)

→ Erzya: цеця (ceća)

→ Bashkir: сәскә (səskə)

Khazar: [script needed] (čičäk) (“a female name”, see Tzitzak) (Classification disputed)

Common Turkic：

Oghuz：

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: çiçək

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: چیچك, چچك (çiçek)
Turkish: çiçek
→ Armenian: չիչէկ (čʻičʻēk), չիչակ (čʻičʻak), չիչա̈գ^յ (čʻičʻägʸ)
→ Czech: šišák
→ German: Zischägge
→ English: zischägge
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: чи́чак
Latin script: číčak

Salar: çiçek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (čeček)

Uzbek: chechak

Uyghur: چېچەك (chëchek)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: сәсәк (səsək, “smallpox”)

desc

Tatar: чәчәк (çäçäk)

Tatar: чәчәк (çäçäk)

→ Chuvash: чечек (čeč̬ek)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: çiçek

Kumyk: чечек (çeçek)

Karachay-Balkar: чечек (çeçek), чичек (çiçek)

Karaim: [script needed] (çeçek)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: sheshek

Kazakh: шешек (şeşek, “chicken-pox”), желшешек (jelşeşek)

Nogai: шешек (şeşek), шешекей (şeşekey)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: чечек (cecek)

Southern Altai: чечек (čeček)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (čeček)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (č́`uǯ́ug)

North Siberian:

Yakut: чэчик (cecik)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: чечек (çeçek)

Yenisei:

Shor: чайақ

Khakas: чахаях (çaxayax)

Northern Altai: чеджек (čedžek)

→ Proto-Mongolic: *ceceg

Mongolian: цэцэг (ceceg)

Dongxiang: chizhe

→ Chechen: зезаг (zezag)


tarïg

tarïg (nominative singular)
tarïgïg (accusative singular)
tarïgnï (accusative singular)
tarïgnïŋ (genitive singular)
tarïgka (dative singular)
tarïgda (locative singular)
tarïgdan (ablative singular)
tarïggaru (allative singular)
tarïgïn (instrumental singular)
tarïgča (equative singular)
tarïglayu (singular)
tarïglïgu (comitative singular)

→ Proto-Mongolic: *tarïxan

Mongolian: тариа (taria)

Oghur:

Chuvash: тырӑ (tyră)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: darı

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: داری, دارو (darı), طاری (darı), طارو (darı)
Gagauz: darı
Turkish: darı
→ Armenian: տառը (taṙə), տառոս (taṙos), տարոս (taros)

Salar: tarı

Turkmen: dary

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (tarığ)

Uzbek: tariq

Uyghur: تېرىق (tëriq)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: тары (tarı)

Tatar: тары (tarı)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: tarı

Kumyk: тари (tari)

Karaim: тары

Karachay-Balkar: тары (tarı)

South Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: тары (tary)

Karakalpak: tari

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: таруу (taruu)

Southern Altai: тару (taru)

→ Hungarian: dara

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tarığ)

Western Yugur: tarığ

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas: тарығ (tarığ)


almïla

almïla (nominative singular)
almïlaïg (accusative singular)
almïlanï (accusative singular)
almïlanïŋ (genitive singular)
almïlaka (dative singular)
almïlada (locative singular)
almïladan (ablative singular)
almïlagaru (allative singular)
almïlaïn (instrumental singular)
almïlača (equative singular)
almïlalayu (singular)
almïlalïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

ref

This form is either a contraction of *alïmla or a metathesis of улма (ulma)<templatestyles src="Module:etymology/style.css" />; the latter form, in turn, is perhaps a later borrowing form Kipchak. If the Chuvash dialectal forms with -ml- are more archaic, *alïmla could be reconstructed for Proto-Turkic as well.

Chuvash: омла (omla) (dialectal)

According to Doerfer, the entry in Dīwān should be read as alïmla. It follows from this proposition that the Common Turkic reconstruction should too have the shape of *alïmla rather than *almïla as proposed here. The reconstruction along the lines of Doerfer's *alïmla is also potentially easier to reconcile with the shape of the Mongolic derivative <i class="Latn mention" lang="xgn-pro">*alima</i>.

al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 315

desctree

Proto-Common Turkic: *alma (see there for further descendants)
** Arghu:
*** Khalaj: alımla
** Karluk:
*** Karakhanid: اَلُمِلا (almïla) (as part of the compound اَلُمِلا قِمِزْ (qïmïz almïla))
** → Proto-Mongolic: *alima
Kalmyk: альмн (alʹmn)
Middle Mongol: ᠠᠯᠢᠮᠠ (alim-a)
Classical Mongolian: ᠠᠯᠢᠮᠠ (alim--a)
Mongolian: алим (alim)
→ Salar: *alima

From *āl (“red”) + *mïla (“apple?”), literally “red apple”. Possibly cognating with Ancient Greek μῆλον (mêlon, “apple”), from an unknown source. It is highly probable that the name of the fruit, which spread to the world from Central Asia in the Bronze Age, was taken from a common source in various languages.


siŋek

siŋek (nominative singular)
siŋekig (accusative singular)
siŋekni (accusative singular)
siŋekniŋ (genitive singular)
siŋekke (dative singular)
siŋekde (locative singular)
siŋekden (ablative singular)
siŋekgerü (allative singular)
siŋekin (instrumental singular)
siŋekče (equative singular)
siŋekleyü (singular)
siŋekligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: шăна (šăna)

→ Hungarian: szúnyog

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: sinək

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: سیڭك, سڭك (siñek), سینك (sinek)
Turkish: sinek

Turkmen: siňek

Karluk

Karakhanid: [script needed] (siŋäk)

Kipchak

Kipchak-Cuman

Crimean Tatar: sinek

East Kipchak

Southern Altai: сек (sek), сеек (seek)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: сээк (seek)

Tofa: сээк (seek)

Yenisei Turkic

Khakas: сеек (seek)

Perhaps comparable to Proto-Mongolic *simaxul (“mosquito”).


teŋiŕ

teŋiŕ (nominative singular)
teŋiŕig (accusative singular)
teŋiŕni (accusative singular)
teŋiŕniŋ (genitive singular)
teŋiŕke (dative singular)
teŋiŕde (locative singular)
teŋiŕden (ablative singular)
teŋiŕgerü (allative singular)
teŋiŕin (instrumental singular)
teŋiŕče (equative singular)
teŋiŕleyü (singular)
teŋiŕligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

→ Hungarian: tenger

desc

→ Carpathian Rusyn: тенґериця (tengerycja, “corn”)

Oghuz:

Turkmen: deňiz

Old Anatolian Turkish: دَكِزْ (däŋiz)

Azerbaijani: dəniz

Gagauz: deniz

Ottoman Turkish: دڭز (deñiz)

Turkish: deniz

Karluk:

Chagatai: تینگیز (teňiz)

Uzbek: dengiz

Uyghur: دېڭىز (dë'ngiz)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: диңгеҙ (diñgeź)

Tatar: диңгез (diñgez)

→ Chuvash: тинӗс (tinĕs)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: deñiz

Kumyk: денгиз (deñiz)

Karachay-Balkar: тенгиз (teñiz)

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: деңиз (deŋiz)

Southern Altai: теҥис (teŋis)

South Kipchak

Karakalpak: teńiz

Kazakh: теңіз (teñız)

Nogai: денъиз (deñiz)


yȫn

yȫn (nominative singular)
yȫnüg (accusative singular)
yȫnni (accusative singular)
yȫnnüŋ (genitive singular)
yȫnke (dative singular)
yȫnde (locative singular)
yȫnden (ablative singular)
yȫngerü (allative singular)
yȫnün (instrumental singular)
yȫnče (equative singular)
yȫnleyü (singular)
yȫnlügü (comitative singular)


bẹ̄ĺčik

bẹ̄ĺčik (nominative singular)
bẹ̄ĺčikig (accusative singular)
bẹ̄ĺčikni (accusative singular)
bẹ̄ĺčikniŋ (genitive singular)
bẹ̄ĺčikke (dative singular)
bẹ̄ĺčikde (locative singular)
bẹ̄ĺčikden (ablative singular)
bẹ̄ĺčikgerü (allative singular)
bẹ̄ĺčikin (instrumental singular)
bẹ̄ĺčikče (equative singular)
bẹ̄ĺčikleyü (singular)
bẹ̄ĺčikligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Volga Bulgar:

>? Chuvash: пелче (pelč̬e)

→ Hungarian: bölcső

Proto-Common Turkic: *bẹ̄šik

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: beşik

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: بشیك, بشك (beşik)
Turkish: beşik
→ Armenian: բեշիկ (bešik), պեշիկ (pešik)

Turkmen: bişek, bīşik

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بِيشِكْ (bẹ̄şik)

Chagatai: بوشوک (böşük), بیشیک (beşik)

Uzbek: beshik

Uyghur: بۆشۈك (böshük)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: бишек (bişek)

Tatar: бишек (bişek)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: бешик (beşik)

Crimean Tatar: beşik

Kumyk: бешик (beşik)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: бешик (beşik)

desc

Southern Altai: межик (mežik, “coffin, cradle”)

South Kipchak:

Nogai: бесик (besik)

Kazakh: бесік (besık)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: pyšyk (béšik)

North Siberian:

Yakut: биһик (bihik, “cradle”)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: беӌик

Yenisei:

Chulym: пезик (pezik)

Khakas: пизік (pizìk)

Shor: пежик

Northern Altai: бежик (bežik)

Usually considered simplex, however several proposals have been made:
# Eren proposes a verb *bẹ̄ĺči- ("to shake"), however such a verb is unattested.
# Sevortjan suggests a derivation from *bēle- (“to swaddle”), however this poses a morphological and phonological problem as this would've yielded *bēlek instead. He also compares words such as Bashkir бәлләв (bəlləv, “swing”) and suggests a common *bēl noun, however once again this has phonological and morphological problems.


elig

elig (nominative singular)
eligig (accusative singular)
eligni (accusative singular)
eligniŋ (genitive singular)
eligke (dative singular)
eligde (locative singular)
eligden (ablative singular)
eliggerü (allative singular)
eligin (instrumental singular)
eligče (equative singular)
eligleyü (singular)
eligligü (comitative singular)

Oghur: *eliɣ

Volga Bulgar: الو (elü)

Middle Chuvash: *elĭ

Late Middle Chuvash: *alı̈̆

Chuvash: алӑ (ală)

Proto-Common Turkic: *elig

Arghu:

Khalaj: əl

Oghuz: اَلِكْ (elig)

Old Anatolian Turkish: ال (el)

Ajem-Turkic:

Azerbaijani: əl

Qashqai: ائل (el)

Gagauz: el

Ottoman Turkish: ال (el)

Turkish: el

Salar: el

Turkmen: el

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اَلِكْ (“elig”)

Chagatai: [Term?] (“élik”)

Uyghur: ilik (dial.)

Uzbek: ilik (arch.)

Kipchak:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: ӧлӱ (ölü, “finger”), элӱ (elü)

Siberian Turkic: *ẹlig

Old Turkic: 𐰠𐰏 ((e)l(i)g /l²g/)

Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (élig /ʾylyk/)

Western Yugur: ələɣ (ïlïɣ, “hand, a unit of measure, chopsticks, method, craftsmanship”)

⇒ Western Yugur: ələk (ïlïk, “hand, finger”)

North Siberian:

Yakut: илии (ilii)

Dolgan: илии

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Shor: инге

Usually considered to be simplex, however some theories have been proposed:
# Sevortyan compares the dialectal Turkish elmek (“hand”) and suggets a common root *el-
# Tekin ties the word to *ẹĺ- (“to dig”), stating that the sigmatism didn't occur due to its medial position.
# Nişanyan suggets a derivation *al- (“to take”) + *-ïg, however note that the word is never attested as being back voweled through history.
The reason behind the disappearence of the final -i in some languages is uncertain but likely due to confusion with the third person singular possessive, compare *tātïg (“taste”), *bẹńi (“brain”) for similar cases.
Siberian descendants show a variant form with "open-e" (*ẹlig). Whether *ẹlig or *elig was the original form is unclear.

Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk
Siberian Turkic
tr:Besim Atalay


bāldïŕ

bāldïŕ (nominative singular)
bāldïŕïg (accusative singular)
bāldïŕnï (accusative singular)
bāldïŕnïŋ (genitive singular)
bāldïŕka (dative singular)
bāldïŕda (locative singular)
bāldïŕdan (ablative singular)
bāldïŕgaru (allative singular)
bāldïŕïn (instrumental singular)
bāldïŕča (equative singular)
bāldïŕlayu (singular)
bāldïŕlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur

Chuvash: пултӑр (pult̬ăr)

Common Turkic

Arghu:

Khalaj: bâldız

Proto-Oghuz: *baldïz

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: baldız
→ Talysh: balduz

Ottoman Turkish: بالدز (baldız)

Turkish: baldız

Gagauz: baldıska

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: bāldyz

Karluk

Karakhanid: [script needed] (baldız)

Uzbek: boldiz

Kipchak

North Kipchak

Bashkir: балдыҙ (baldıź)

Tatar: балдыз (baldız), baldız

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: балдыз (baldız)

Southern Altai: бассы (bassï)

South Kipchak

Karakalpak: baldiz

Kazakh: балдыз (baldyz)

Nogai: балдыз (baldız)

Siberian

North Siberian

Dolgan: балыс (“younger sister”)

Yakut: балыс (balıs, “younger sister”)

South Siberian

Yenisei

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (baltïz)

From *bāla + *-dïŕ. Compared to Proto-Mongolic *balčir (“very small, infant”).


urugluk

urugluk (nominative singular)
uruglukug (accusative singular)
urugluknï (accusative singular)
urugluknuŋ (genitive singular)
uruglukka (dative singular)
uruglukda (locative singular)
uruglukdan (ablative singular)
uruglukgaru (allative singular)
uruglukun (instrumental singular)
uruglukča (equative singular)
urugluklayu (singular)
urugluklugu (comitative singular)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Salar: urlaq, urluq

Karluk:

desc

Karakhanid: اُرُغْلُقْ (uruğluq, “seed corn”)

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (urluk)

Uyghur: [script needed] (uruqluq)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: орлоҡ (orloq)

Tatar: орлык (orlıq)

→? Chuvash: вӑрлӑх (vărlăh)

Cuman-Kipchak: [script needed] (urluk)

Kumyk: урлукъ (urluq)

Crimean Tatar: urluq

Karachay-Balkar: урлукъ (urluq)

South Kipchak:

Nogai: урлык (urlık)

From Proto-Turkic *urug + *-luk with crasis.


kādïn

kādïn (nominative singular)
kādïnïg (accusative singular)
kādïnnï (accusative singular)
kādïnnïŋ (genitive singular)
kādïnka (dative singular)
kādïnda (locative singular)
kādïndan (ablative singular)
kādïngaru (allative singular)
kādïnïn (instrumental singular)
kādïnča (equative singular)
kādïnlayu (singular)
kādïnlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur

Chuvash: хунь (hunʹ)

Common Turkic

Arghu:

Khalaj: qâdın

Oghuz

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qayın

Gagauz: kayın

Ottoman Turkish: قاین (kayın)

Turkish: kayın

Turkmen: gāýyn

Salar: qayın

Karluk

Karakhanid: [script needed] (qaδın, qadın, qayın)

Uzbek: qayin

Uyghur: [script needed] (qeyin)

Kipchak

North Kipchak

Bashkir: ҡайны (qaynı)

Tatar: кайын (qayın)

West Kipchak

Crimean Tatar: qayın

Kumyk: къайын (qayın)

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: кайын (kayın)

Southern Altai: кайын (kayïn)

South Kipchak

Kazakh: қайын (qaiyn)

Nogai: кайын (kayın)

Siberian

Old Turkic

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (qadïn)

Sayan

Tuvan: каты (katı)

Yenisei

Shor: казын

Khakas: хазын (xazın)

Western Yugur: qazïn (“relative in law (male/female)”)

Nişanyan compares this word to Proto-Mongolic *kadum (“relative by marriage”).


sǖt

sǖt (nominative singular)
sǖtüg (accusative singular)
sǖtni (accusative singular)
sǖtnüŋ (genitive singular)
sǖtke (dative singular)
sǖtde (locative singular)
sǖtden (ablative singular)
sǖtgerü (allative singular)
sǖtün (instrumental singular)
sǖtče (equative singular)
sǖtleyü (singular)
sǖtlügü (comitative singular)

Bulgharic:

Chuvash: сӗт (sĕt)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: sü̂t

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: süd / сүд

Ottoman Turkish: سوت (süt)

Turkish: süt (süd- dial.)

Gagauz: süt

Salar: süt, süd

Turkmen: süýt (süýd-)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: сөт (söt) / söt

Bashkir: һөт (höt)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: süt

Karaim: siuť

Karaim: [script needed] (süt)

Kumyk: сют (süt)

South Kipchak:

Kipchak-Nogai:

Karakalpak: sút

Kazakh: сүт (süt)

Nogai: суьт (süt)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: сүт (süt)

Southern Altai: сӱт (süt)

Karluk:

Chagatai: سوت (süt)

Uzbek: sut / сут (sut)

Uyghur: سۈت (süt)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (süt)

Western Yugur: süt

North Siberian:

Dolgan: үүт

Yakut: үүт (üüt)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: сүт

Tuvan: сүт (süt)

Yenisei:

Shor: сӱт

Khakas: сӱт (süt)

From Proto-Turkic *süd- (?) "(liquid) leaking, dripping".


ẹk(k)iŕ

ẹkiŕ (nominative singular)
ẹkkiŕ (nominative singular)
ẹkiŕig (accusative singular)
ẹkkiŕig (accusative singular)
ẹkiŕni (accusative singular)
ẹkkiŕni (accusative singular)
ẹkiŕniŋ (genitive singular)
ẹkkiŕniŋ (genitive singular)
ẹkiŕke (dative singular)
ẹkkiŕke (dative singular)
ẹkiŕde (locative singular)
ẹkkiŕde (locative singular)
ẹkiŕden (ablative singular)
ẹkkiŕden (ablative singular)
ẹkiŕgerü (allative singular)
ẹkkiŕgerü (allative singular)
ẹkiŕin (instrumental singular)
ẹkkiŕin (instrumental singular)
ẹkiŕče (equative singular)
ẹkkiŕče (equative singular)
ẹkiŕleyü (singular)
ẹkkiŕleyü (singular)
ẹkiŕligü (comitative singular)
ẹkkiŕligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: йӗкӗреш (jĕk̬ĕreš)

→ Hungarian: iker

→ Proto-Mongolic: *ikire

→ Mongolian: ихэр (ixer, “twins”)

→ Yakut: игирэ (igire, “twin”)

Common Turkic:

** Proto-Oghuz:
*** West Oghuz:
**** Old Anatolian Turkish:
***** Azerbaijani: əkiz
***** Ottoman Turkish: ایكیز (ikiz)
****** Turkish: ikiz
*** East Oghuz:
**** Turkmen: ekiz
** Karluk:
*** Karakhanid:
**** Chagatai:
***** Uzbek: egizak
** Kipchak:
*** North Kipchak:
**** Bashkir: игеҙәк (igeźək)
**** Tatar: игез (igez)
*** West Kipchak:
**** Crimean Tatar: egiz
**** Karachay-Balkar: эгиз (egiz)
**** Kumyk: эгиз (egiz)
*** South Kipchak
**** Kazakh: егіз (egız)
*** East Kipchak:
**** Kyrgyz: эгиз (egiz)
**** Southern Altai: эгис (egis)
** Siberian:
*** South Siberian:
**** Sayan Turkic:
***** Tuvan: ийис (iyis)
**** Yenisei Turkic:
***** Khakas: ікіс (ìkìs)

From Proto-Turkic *ẹk(k)i (“two”) + *-ŕ.


čï̄pgan

čï̄pgan (nominative singular)
čï̄pganïg (accusative singular)
čï̄pgannï (accusative singular)
čï̄pgannïŋ (genitive singular)
čï̄pganka (dative singular)
čï̄pganda (locative singular)
čï̄pgandan (ablative singular)
čï̄pgangaru (allative singular)
čï̄pganïn (instrumental singular)
čï̄pganča (equative singular)
čï̄pganlayu (singular)
čï̄pganlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫăпан (śăpan)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: çiban, çivzə

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: چبان, چیبان (çıban)
Gagauz: çıban
Turkish: çıban
→ Armenian: չիբան (čʻiban)

Turkmen: çȳban

Karluk:

Karakhanid: جِبقان (çıpqan)

Uzbek: chipqon

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

desc

Bashkir: себешке (sebeşke), сәбәртеү (səbərtew, “to become a rash on lips”)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: шиқан (şiqan)

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: чибишке (čibiške)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: шибишки

Tofa: шибишки

Tuvan: шивишки (şivişki)

→ Proto-Mongolic: *ciyigan

→ Southern Altai: чыйыкан (čïyïkan)

Probably comes from an ancient dead verb used to denominate the body's response to a mosquito bite, *čï̄p- + *-gan. Related to Proto-Turkic *čï̄pïn (“fly; gad-fly; mosquito”), Azerbaijani çibin. Compare also Proto-Mongolic *ciyigan (“tumour, albugo”).


batgak

batgak (nominative singular)
batgakïg (accusative singular)
batgaknï (accusative singular)
batgaknïŋ (genitive singular)
batgakka (dative singular)
batgakda (locative singular)
batgakdan (ablative singular)
batgakgaru (allative singular)
batgakïn (instrumental singular)
batgakča (equative singular)
batgaklayu (singular)
batgaklïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: путхах (puthah)

Proto-Common Turkic: *batgak

Proto-Oghuz: *batɣak

West Oghuz:

q

attested in the derived term <small>[script needed]</small> (bataqlu) before 1451

Old Anatolian Turkish: *باتاق (bataq) (attested in the derived term [script needed] (bataqlu) before 1451)

Azerbaijani: bataq

Gagauz: batak

Ottoman Turkish: باتاق

Turkish: batak

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: batga

Kipchak:

Kipchak: بتقاق (batqaq)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: батҡаҡ (batqaq)

Tatar: баткак (batkak)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: bataq

Karachay-Balkar: батхакъ (batxaq)

South Kipchak:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: баткак (batkak)

Southern Altai: баткак (batkak)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بَتْقاقْ (batqaq)

desc

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (batqaq)

Chagatai: بتقاق (batqaq)

Uzbek: botqoq

Uyghur: پاتقاق (patqaq)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yenisei Turkic:

Shor: патқақ (patqaq)

From *bat- (“to sink; to fit into, get into”) + *-gak.


eĺčgek

eĺčgek (nominative singular)
eĺčgekig (accusative singular)
eĺčgekni (accusative singular)
eĺčgekniŋ (genitive singular)
eĺčgekke (dative singular)
eĺčgekde (locative singular)
eĺčgekden (ablative singular)
eĺčgekgerü (allative singular)
eĺčgekin (instrumental singular)
eĺčgekče (equative singular)
eĺčgekleyü (singular)
eĺčgekligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

→? Proto-Mongolic: *elǰigen

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: əşgə

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: eşşək

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: اشك
Turkish: eşek
→ Armenian: էշեկ (ēšek)
→ Bulgarian: ешѐк (ešèk)
→ Laz: ეშეღი (eşeği)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ѐшек
Latin script: èšek
→? Sicilian: sceccu
→ Italian: scecco

Turkmen: eşek

Salar: eşek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اَشْكَكْ (ešgek)

Chagatai: ايشاک

Uzbek: eshak

Uyghur: ئىشەق (isheq)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: ишәк (işäk)

Bashkir: ишәк (işək)

→ Middle Russian: иша́къ (išák), ише́къ (išék)

Russian: иша́к (išák)

→ Old Ruthenian: *иша́къ (*išák)
Belarusian: іша́к (išák)
Ukrainian: іша́к (išák)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: eşek

Karachay-Balkar: эшек (eşek)

Karaim: эшэк (ešek)

Kumyk: эшек (eşek)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: есек (esek), естек (estek)

Karakalpak: eshek

Nogai: эшек (éşek)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: эшек (eşek)

Southern Altai: эштек (eštek)

→? Chuvash: ашак (aš̬ak)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Shor: эштек

From Proto-Turkic *eĺč- + *-gek. Akin to Proto-Tungusic *eyiken and Proto-Mongolic *elǰigen (“donkey”).


agrïg

agrïg (nominative singular)
agrïgïg (accusative singular)
agrïgnï (accusative singular)
agrïgnïŋ (genitive singular)
agrïgka (dative singular)
agrïgda (locative singular)
agrïgdan (ablative singular)
agrïggaru (allative singular)
agrïgïn (instrumental singular)
agrïgča (equative singular)
agrïglayu (singular)
agrïglïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ырату (yrat̬u) (from a causative form; *agrïtïg)

desc

Proto-Common Turkic: *agrïg
** Arghu:
*** Khalaj: hâğrığ
** Proto-Oghuz: *aɣrïɣ
*** West Oghuz:
**** Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (ağrı)
***** Azerbaijani: ağrı
***** Ottoman Turkish: آغری (ağrı)
****** Gagauz: aarı
****** Turkish: ağrı
*** East Oghuz:
**** Turkmen: agyry
** Karluk:
*** Karakhanid: اَغْرِغْ (aɣrïɣ)
**** Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (aɣrïɣ) [script needed] (aɣrïq)
***** Chagatai: [script needed] (ağrıq)
****** Uzbek: ogʻriq
****** Uyghur: ئاغرىق (aghriq)
** Kipchak:
*** North Kipchak:
**** Bashkir: ауырыу (awırıw)
**** Tatar: авыру (awıru)
*** South Kipchak:
**** Kazakh: ауру (auru)
*** East Kipchak:
**** Kyrgyz: оору (ooru)
**** Southern Altai: орыҥкай (orïŋkay), оору (ooru)
** Siberian:
*** Old Turkic:
**** Old Uyghur: ՚՚q̈ryq (aɣrïɣ)
*** North Siberian:
**** Dolgan: ыарыы (ıarıı)
**** Yakut: ыарыы (ıarıı)
*** South Siberian:
**** Sayan Turkic:
***** Tofa: аарығ (aarığ)
***** Tuvan: аарыг (aarıg)
**** Yeniseian Turkic:
***** Khakas: ағырығ (ağırığ)
***** Shor: ағрығ (ağrığ)

From *agrï- (“to be in pain, to ache”) + *-g.


köprüg

köprüg (nominative singular)
köprügüg (accusative singular)
köprügni (accusative singular)
köprügnüŋ (genitive singular)
köprügke (dative singular)
köprügde (locative singular)
köprügden (ablative singular)
köprüggerü (allative singular)
köprügün (instrumental singular)
köprügče (equative singular)
köprügleyü (singular)
köprüglügü (comitative singular)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

desctree

Azerbaijani: körpü
→ Persian: کرپی (korpi)

Ottoman Turkish: كوپری, كورپی (körpi), كورپو (körpü)
Gagauz: köprü
Turkish: köprü
→ Armenian: քէօփրիւ (kʻēōpʻriw)
→ Bulgarian: кюприя (kjuprija) (obsolete)
→ Egyptian Arabic: كوبري (kobrı)
→ Greek: κιοπρουλής (kioproulís)
→ Hijazi Arabic: كبري (kubri)
→ Ladino: kyupri, kopri
→ Macedonian: ќуприја (ḱuprija)
→ Serbo-Croatian: ћу̀прија/ćùprija

Salar: kömür, komuru

Turkmen: köpri

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (köprüg)

Uzbek: koʻprik

Uyghur: كۆۋرۈك (köwrük)

desc

Kipchak: [script needed] (köprüg), [script needed] (köprü), [script needed] (köpri)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: күпер (küper)

Tatar: күпер (küper)

→ Chuvash: кӗпер (kĕp̬er)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: köpür

Kumyk: кёпюр (köpür)

Karachay-Balkar: кёпюр (köpür)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: көпүрө (köpürö)

Southern Altai: кемирӱ (kemirü), кӧмӱрӱ (kömürü), кӧмӱр (kömür), кӧпир (köpir)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: kópir

Kazakh: көпір (köpır)

Nogai: коьпир (köpir)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (köprüg)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: кеъприғ (kèpriɣ)

Tuvan: көвүрүг (kövürüg)

→ Proto-Mongolic: *köxerge (“bridge, bellows, swollen leather”)

Originally, it was considered to be a borrowing from Ancient Greek γέφυρα (géphura, “bridge”), however it has since been refuted due to phonological reasons such as there not being any explanation for the word final *-g.
The current leading theory is the derivation *köpür- (“to swell, foam”) + *-üg, this is semantically not obvious however both Doerfer and Nişanyan suggests that it may have originally referred to pontoons made of swollen leather comparing the semantics of Proto-Mongolic *köxerge (“bridge, bellows, swollen leather”) (itself possibly from *köxe- or *köxere- (“to swell, foam”) if not directly borrowed from Turkic).
It should also be noted that the Kipchak variant *köpVr is a later secondary development, probably via metathesis, as older Kipchak texts lack such a form. The form *köprig also seen reflected in some descendants may reflect the first form of the word as *köpür- (“to swell, foam”) is suggested to be from earlier *köpir-.


kẹlin

kẹlin (nominative singular)
kẹlinig (accusative singular)
kẹlinni (accusative singular)
kẹlinniŋ (genitive singular)
kẹlinke (dative singular)
kẹlinde (locative singular)
kẹlinden (ablative singular)
kẹlingerü (allative singular)
kẹlinin (instrumental singular)
kẹlinče (equative singular)
kẹlinleyü (singular)
kẹlinligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: кин (kin)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: kəlin

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: gəlin

→ Khalaj: gəlin

Ottoman Turkish: كلین (gelin)

Gagauz: gelin

Turkish: gelin

Salar: kiyne

Turkmen: gelin

Karluk:

Karakhanid: كَلِنْ (kelin)

Uyghur: كېلىن (këlin)

Uzbek: kelin

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: килен (kilen)

Tatar: килен (kilen)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: kelin, келин

Karachay-Balkar: келин (kelin)

Karaim: килен

Krymchak: келин

Kumyk: гелин (gelin)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: келин (kelin)

Southern Altai: келин (kelin)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: kelin

Kazakh: келін (kelın)

Nogai: келин (kelin)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰚𐰠𐰤 (kl²n²)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: келин (kelin)

Yenisei:

Shor: келин

Probably a derivation from *kẹle- (“to woo, ask”) or *kẹl- (“to come”) + *-in.

Meronym: (bridegroom, son-in-law, brother-in-law) *küdegü


tẹri

tẹri (nominative singular)
tẹriig (accusative singular)
tẹrini (accusative singular)
tẹriniŋ (genitive singular)
tẹrike (dative singular)
tẹride (locative singular)
tẹriden (ablative singular)
tẹrigerü (allative singular)
tẹriin (instrumental singular)
tẹriče (equative singular)
tẹrileyü (singular)
tẹriligü (comitative singular)

Arghu:

Khalaj: təri

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: dəri

Ottoman Turkish: درى (diri)

Turkish: deri

Gagauz: deri

Turkmen: deri

Salar: tiri

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (teri)

Chagatai:

Uzbek: teri

Uyghur: تېرە (tëre)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: [script needed] (teri)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: тире (tire)

Tatar: тире (tire)

→ Chuvash: тир (tir)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: teri

Kumyk: тери (teri)

Karachay-Balkar: тери (teri)

desc

Karaim: тери, тэри

Karaim: тери, тэри

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: тери (teri)

Southern Altai: тере (tere)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: teri

Kazakh: тері (terı)

Nogai: тери (teri)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: tʾry (teri)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (tʰer)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: тирии (tirii)

Yakut: тирии (tirii), тэрии (terii)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa:

Tuba-Kizhi: тере (tere)

Kumandy-Kizhi: тере (tere)

Yenisei:

Khakas: теер (teer)

Shor: тере (tere)


bāča

bāča (nominative singular)
bāčaïg (accusative singular)
bāčanï (accusative singular)
bāčanïŋ (genitive singular)
bāčaka (dative singular)
bāčada (locative singular)
bāčadan (ablative singular)
bāčagaru (allative singular)
bāčaïn (instrumental singular)
bāčača (equative singular)
bāčalayu (singular)
bāčalïgu (comitative singular)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: bacı

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: باجی (bacı)
Turkish: bacı
→ Classical Persian: بَاجِی (bājī)
→ Gujarati: બાજી (bājī)
→ Khalaj: bâcı
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: बाजी (bājī)
Urdu: باجی (bājī)
→ Punjabi: باجی (bājī)

Salar: baca

Turkmen: bajy

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: бажа (baja)

Tatar: баҗа (baca), baca

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: baca

Karachay-Balkar: баджа (baca)

Kumyk: бажа (baja)

→ Bats: ბა̄ჯ (bāǯ)

→ Chechen: бажа (baža)

→ Georgian: ბაჯა (baǯa) (Tusheti)

→ Ingush: бажа (baža)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: бажа (baja)

Kyrgyz: бажа (baja)

Nogai: бажа (baja)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: бажа (baja)

Southern Altai: баја (baǰa)

Karluk:

Uzbek: boja

Uyghur: باجا (baja)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰉𐰲𐰀 (b¹ča)

Yenisei:

Khakas: паӌа (paca)

Sayan Turkic:

Tofa: бажа (baja)

Tuvan: бажа (baja)


bāčanak

bāčanak (nominative singular)
bāčanakïg (accusative singular)
bāčanaknï (accusative singular)
bāčanaknïŋ (genitive singular)
bāčanakka (dative singular)
bāčanakda (locative singular)
bāčanakdan (ablative singular)
bāčanakgaru (allative singular)
bāčanakïn (instrumental singular)
bāčanakča (equative singular)
bāčanaklayu (singular)
bāčanaklïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: пуҫана (puś̬ana)

Arghu:

Khalaj: bâcanaq

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: bacanaq

Ottoman Turkish: باجاناق
Turkish: bacanak
→ Armenian: բաջանաղ (baǰanaġ), պաճանախ (pačanax)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: пашѐног
Latin script: pašènog


kāpïk

kāpïk (nominative singular)
kāpïkïg (accusative singular)
kāpïknï (accusative singular)
kāpïknïŋ (genitive singular)
kāpïkka (dative singular)
kāpïkda (locative singular)
kāpïkdan (ablative singular)
kāpïkgaru (allative singular)
kāpïkïn (instrumental singular)
kāpïkča (equative singular)
kāpïklayu (singular)
kāpïklïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: хупӑ (hup̬ă), хуп (hup)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: قَبُوقْ (qabuq), قَابُقْ (qabuq)

Azerbaijani: qabıq

Gagauz: kabuk

Ottoman Turkish: قبوق (kabuk)

Turkish: kabuk

Salar: gōq

Turkmen: gabyk

Karluk:

Uzbek: qobiq, qobuq

Uyghur: قوۋزاق (qowzaq)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: qabuq

Karachay-Balkar: къабукъ (qabuq)

Kumyk: къабукъ (qabuq)

North Kipchak:

Tatar: кабык (qabıq)

Bashkir: ҡабыҡ (qabıq)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: қабық (qabyq)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кабык (kabık)

Southern Altai: кабык (kabïk)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: хатырык (qatırık)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: хавык (xavık)

Yenisei:

Khakas: хабых (xabıx)

From *kāp (“sack, cup”) + *-ïk (“diminutive suffix”).


temür

temür (nominative singular)
temürüg (accusative singular)
temürni (accusative singular)
temürnüŋ (genitive singular)
temürke (dative singular)
temürde (locative singular)
temürden (ablative singular)
temürgerü (allative singular)
temürün (instrumental singular)
temürče (equative singular)
temürleyü (singular)
temürlügü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

⇒ Volga Bulgar: تمرج

Chuvash: тимӗр (timĕr)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: təmir

Proto-Oghuz: *demir, *demür

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: dəmir

Ottoman Turkish: دمیر (demir)

Turkish: demir

Gagauz: demir

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: demir

Salar: dimur, demir

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (temür)

Chagatai: تیمور (temür), تمور (tömür)

→ Classical Persian: تَمُر (tamur)

Uzbek: temir

Uyghur: تۆمۈر (tömür)

→ Urdu: تیمور (temūr)

Kipchak: تمور (tämür)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: тимер (timer)

Tatar: тимер (timer)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: temir, demir

Kumyk: темир (temir)

Karachay-Balkar: темир (temir)

Karaim: темир

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: temir

Kazakh: темір (temır)

Nogai: темир (temir)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: темир (temir)

Southern Altai: темир (temir)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tämir)

Western Yugur: temïr

North Siberian:

Yakut: тимир (timir)

Dolgan: тимир

Sayan Turkic:

Tofa: дэмир (demir)

Tuvan: демир (demir)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: тимір (timìr)

Shor: темир (temir), тебир (tebir)

desc

Northern Altai: темир (temir), тебир (tebir)

Serbi–Mongolic:

→ Proto-Mongolic: *temür (“iron”)

Mongolian: төмөр (tömör, “iron”)

→ Khitan: 𘮾𘮒 (*? úr, “iron”)


ōyun

ōyun (nominative singular)
ōyunug (accusative singular)
ōyunnï (accusative singular)
ōyunnuŋ (genitive singular)
ōyunka (dative singular)
ōyunda (locative singular)
ōyundan (ablative singular)
ōyungaru (allative singular)
ōyunun (instrumental singular)
ōyunča (equative singular)
ōyunlayu (singular)
ōyunlugu (comitative singular)

Oghur: *ōyug

Chuvash: вӑйӑ (văjă)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: oyun
→ Khalaj: oyın

Ottoman Turkish: اویون (oyun)

Turkish: oyun

Gagauz: oyun

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: oýun

Karluk:

Uzbek: oʻyin

Uyghur: ئويۇن (oyun)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: уйын (uyın)

Tatar: уен (uyen)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: oyun

Karachay-Balkar: оюн (oyun)

Kumyk: оюн (oyun)

South Kipchak:

Nogai: ойын (oyın)

Karakalpak: oyın

Kazakh: ойын (oiyn)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: оюн (oyun)

Southern Altai: ойын (oyïn)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: wywn (oyun, “game, amusement”)

North Siberian:

Yakut: оонньуу (oonnyuu)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tofa: оин (oin)

Tuvan: оюн (oyun)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: ойын (oyın)

Shor: ойун (oyun)

Northern Altai: ойын (oyïn)

Different sources give different etymologies:
# Clauson suggets that it is from *ōy- (“to hollow”) + *-un saying most Turkic games involved holes.
# ESTJa and Räsänen suggest that it is from *oy- (“to jump”) + *-un.
# Nishanyan suggests a possible common root with *ōŕ- (“to win; to be saved”).


yïl

yïl (nominative singular)
yïlïg (accusative singular)
yïlnï (accusative singular)
yïlnïŋ (genitive singular)
yïlka (dative singular)
yïlda (locative singular)
yïldan (ablative singular)
yïlgaru (allative singular)
yïlïn (instrumental singular)
yïlča (equative singular)
yïllayu (singular)
yïllïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

q

< <i class="Latn mention" lang="trk-pro">*yāĺ</i>, perhaps blended with *yïl

Chuvash: ҫул (śul) (< *yāĺ, perhaps blended with *yïl)

Proto-Common Turkic: *yïl

Arghu:

Khalaj: yıl

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: یل (yıl)

Azerbaijani: il

Gagauz: yıl

Ottoman Turkish: ییل (yıl)
Turkish: yıl

Turkmen: ýyl

Karluk:

Karakhanid: ییل (yïl)

Chagatai: ییل (yïl)

Uzbek: yil

Uyghur: يىل (yil)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: ел (yel)

Bashkir: йыл (yıl)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: джыл (cıl)

Crimean Tatar: yıl

Kumyk: йыл (yıl)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: жыл (jyl)

Karakalpak: жыл (jıl)

Nogai: йыл (yıl)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жыл (jıl)

Southern Altai: јыл (ǰïl)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰘𐰃𐰞 (y²il¹ /yïl/)

Old Uyghur:

Western Yugur: [script needed] (yil)

North Siberian

Yakut: сыл (sıl)

Dolgan: һыл

South Siberian

Sayan Turkic

Tuvan: чыл (çıl)

Tofa: чыл

Yenisei Turkic

Chulym: чыл

Northern Altai: чыл (čïl)

Shor: чыл

Khakas: чыл (çıl)

→ Proto-Mongolic: *ǯil

Mongolian: жил (žil)

Buryat: жэл (žel)

Kalmyk: җил (jil)


bïčgak

bïčgak (nominative singular)
bïčgaklar (nominative plural)
bïčgaknïŋ (genitive singular)
bïčgaklarnïŋ (genitive plural)
bïčgakka (dative singular)
bïčgaklarka (dative plural)
bïčgakta (locative singular)
bïčgaklarda (locative plural)
bïčgaktan (ablative singular)
bïčgaklardan (ablative plural)
bïčgaklarïn (instrumental plural)
bïčgakča (equative singular)
bïčgaklarča (equative plural)

Arghu:

Khalaj: bıçâq

Proto-Oghuz: *bïčɣak

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: bıçaq

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: بیچاق (bıçak), بچاق (bıçak)
Turkish: bıçak
→ Romanian: briceag
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: би̏ча̄к
Latin script: bȉčāk

East Oghuz:

Salar: pıçaq

Turkmen: pyçak

Karluk

Uzbek: pichoq

Uyghur: پىچاق (pichaq)

Kipchak

West Kipchak

Crimean Tatar: pıçaq

Karachay-Balkar: бычакъ (bıçaq)

Kumyk: бичакъ (biçaq)

North Kipchak

Tatar: пычак (pıçaq)

Bashkir: бысаҡ (bısaq)

South Kipchak

Kazakh: пышақ (pyşaq)

Karakalpak: pıshaq

Nogai: пышак (pışak)

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: бычак (bıcak)

Southern Altai: бычак (bïčak)

→ Hungarian: bicska

Siberian

North Siberian

Dolgan: баһак (bahak)

Yakut: быһах (bıhaq)

Sayan

Tofa: пишек (pişek)

Tuvan: бижек (bijek)

Yenisei

Khakas: пычах (pıçax)

Shor: пычақ (pıçaq)

desc

Northern Altai: биджак (bidžak), пычак (pïčak)

From Proto-Turkic *bïč- (“to cut”) + *-gak.


tōtak

tōtak (nominative singular)
tōtakïg (accusative singular)
tōtaknï (accusative singular)
tōtaknïŋ (genitive singular)
tōtakka (dative singular)
tōtakda (locative singular)
tōtakdan (ablative singular)
tōtakgaru (allative singular)
tōtakïn (instrumental singular)
tōtakča (equative singular)
tōtaklayu (singular)
tōtaklïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Volga Bulgar: *tātaḫ

Chuvash: тута (tut̬a)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: طوداق (dudaq, dodaq)

Classical Azerbaijani:

Azerbaijani: dodaq

Qashqai: دوداق (dudaq)

→ Khalaj: dudaq

Gagauz: dudak

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: طوداق (dudak), دوداق (dudak)
Turkish: dudak
→ Armenian: տուտախ (tutax)
→ Ladino: dudak

→? Chagatai: [script needed] (dudaq)

Uzbek: dudoq

Salar: dodaq

Turkmen: dōdak

Karluk:

Chagatai:

desc

Uyghur: [script needed] (dudaq, “pussy, vagina”)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: toodac (Codex Cumanicus)

>? Crimean Tatar: dudaq

Krymchak: dudaq

Urum: дудах

→ Bashkir: дудаҡ (dudaq)

Nişanyan derives this word from *tut- + *-ak. Sevortyan and Doerfer reject a derivation from *tut-, and Doerfer considers this derivation a folk etymology invented to explain the evolution of the Ottoman "-u-" vowel.


ōpur

ōpur (nominative singular)
ōpurug (accusative singular)
ōpurnï (accusative singular)
ōpurnuŋ (genitive singular)
ōpurka (dative singular)
ōpurda (locative singular)
ōpurdan (ablative singular)
ōpurgaru (allative singular)
ōpurun (instrumental singular)
ōpurča (equative singular)
ōpurlayu (singular)
ōpurlugu (comitative singular)


čekürtke

čekürtke (nominative singular)
čekürtkeler (nominative plural)
čekürtkeniŋ (genitive singular)
čekürtkelerniŋ (genitive plural)
čekürtkeke (dative singular)
čekürtkelerke (dative plural)
čekürtkede (locative singular)
čekürtkelerde (locative plural)
čekürtkeden (ablative singular)
čekürtkelerden (ablative plural)
čekürtkelerin (instrumental plural)
čekürtkeče (equative singular)
čekürtkelerče (equative plural)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: çəyirtkə

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: چكركه (çekirge)
Turkish: çekirge

Gagauz: çekirgä

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: çekirtge

Karluk

Uzbek: chigirtka

Uyghur: چىكەتكە (chiketke)

Middle Turkic

Karakhanid: چَكُرْكا (çekürge)

Kipchak

West Kipchak

Crimean Tatar: sekirge, çegertki

Karachay-Balkar: сенгирчке (señirçke)

Karaim: [script needed] (çegirtke)

North Kipchak

Bashkir: сиңерткә (siñertkə)

Tatar: чикерткә (çikertkä)

South Kipchak

Kazakh: шегіртке (şegırtke)

Nogai: [script needed] (şegertki)

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: чегиртке (cegirtke)

Southern Altai: чегертки (čegertki)

Siberian

North Siberian:

Yakut: сахсырҕа (saqsırğa, “fly”)

Dolgan: һаксырга (“fly”)

Sayan

Tuvan: шерги (şergi)


sōgun

sōgun (nominative singular)
sōgunug (accusative singular)
sōgunnï (accusative singular)
sōgunnuŋ (genitive singular)
sōgunka (dative singular)
sōgunda (locative singular)
sōgundan (ablative singular)
sōgungaru (allative singular)
sōgunun (instrumental singular)
sōgunča (equative singular)
sōgunlayu (singular)
sōgunlugu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: сухан (suh̬an)

→ Eastern Mari: шоган (šogan)

→ Udmurt: сугон (sugon)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: soğan

Ottoman Turkish: صوغان (soğan)
Turkish: soğan
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: со̀ган
Latin script: sògan

Gagauz: suan

Salar: soğan

Turkmen: sogan

Karluk:

desc

Karakhanid: سُوغُنْ (sōğun), سُوغَنْ (sōğan)

Chagatai:

Uyghur: [script needed] (soɣan)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: суган (suğan)

Bashkir: һуған (huğan)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: soğan

Karachay-Balkar: сохан (soxan)

Kumyk: согъан (soğan)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Nogai: соган (sogan)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: согон (sogon)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: 𐽻𐽳𐽲𐽰𐽺 (swqʾn /soġan/)

→ Proto-Mongolic:

Middle Mongol: ᠰᠣᠭᠣᠩᠭᠢᠨ ᠠ (soɣonggin-a)

desctree

Mongolian: сонгино (songino)
→ Manchu: ᠰᡠᠨᡤᡤᡳᠨᠠ (sunggina)

→? Southern Altai: согоно (sogono)

→? Tuvan: согуна (soguna)

→? Lithuanian: svogūnas

Nishanyan suggets that its ultimate origin is uncertain and that Middle Persian سوخ (sôx) probably comes from the same source, (whence also Old Armenian սոխ (sox)).
Brockelmann instead suggets a derivation *soy- (“to peel”) + *-gun.


ayaŕ

ayaŕ (nominative singular)
ayaŕïg (accusative singular)
ayaŕnï (accusative singular)
ayaŕnïŋ (genitive singular)
ayaŕka (dative singular)
ayaŕda (locative singular)
ayaŕdan (ablative singular)
ayaŕgaru (allative singular)
ayaŕïn (instrumental singular)
ayaŕča (equative singular)
ayaŕlayu (singular)
ayaŕlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: уяр (ujar, “clear”)

Proto-Common Turkic: *ayaz

Arghu:

Khalaj: hayâz

Oghuz:

Proto-Oghuz: *ayaz

Old Anatolian Turkish: آیَازْ (ayaz)

Azerbaijani: ayaz

Gagauz: ayaz, ayoz

Ottoman Turkish: آیاز (ayaz)
Turkish: ayaz
→ Armenian: այազ (ayaz)
→ Greek: αγιάζι (agiázi)
→ Laz: აჲაზი (ayazi)

Turkmen: aýaz

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اَيازْ (ayaz)

desc

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (ayaz)

Chagatai: اياز (ayaz)

Uzbek: ayoz

Uyghur: ئاياز (ayaz)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: اياز (ayaz)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: аяҙ (ayaź)

Tatar: аяз (ayaz)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: ayaz

Kumyk: аяз (ayaz)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: аяз (aäz)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: аяз (ayaz)

Southern Altai: айас (ayas)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur:

Western Yugur: [script needed] (ajas)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: аяс (ayas)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: аяс (ayas)

Nişanyan and Eren both suggest a derivation from *āya- (“to become clear; to have a moon”) itself from *āy (“moon”). Note that both this word and *āy have initial h- in Khalaj.


süŋgü

süŋgü (nominative singular)
süŋgüüg (accusative singular)
süŋgüni (accusative singular)
süŋgünüŋ (genitive singular)
süŋgüke (dative singular)
süŋgüde (locative singular)
süŋgüden (ablative singular)
süŋgügerü (allative singular)
süŋgüün (instrumental singular)
süŋgüče (equative singular)
süŋgüleyü (singular)
süŋgülügü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: сăнă (sănă)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: süngü

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: سونكو (süngü), سنكو (süngü), سونكی (süngü)
Turkish: süngü
→ Albanian: syngji
→ Arabic: سُونْكِيّ (sunkiyy), سُنْكِيّ (sunkiyy)
→ Armenian: սո̈ւնկո̈ւ (sünkü), սունկու (sunku)
→ Swahili: singe

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (sünü)

Kipchak:

North Sİberian:

Bashkir: һөңгө (höñgö)

Tatar: сөңге (söñge)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: süngü

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: сүңгі (süñgı)

East Kipchak:

⇒ Southern Altai: суҥ (suŋ, “to bird”)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (süŋüg)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (süŋü)

North Siberian:

desc

Yakut: үҥүү (üñüü)

Yakut: үҥүү (üñüü)


yagmur

yagmur (nominative singular)
yagmurug (accusative singular)
yagmurnï (accusative singular)
yagmurnuŋ (genitive singular)
yagmurka (dative singular)
yagmurda (locative singular)
yagmurdan (ablative singular)
yagmurgaru (allative singular)
yagmurun (instrumental singular)
yagmurča (equative singular)
yagmurlayu (singular)
yagmurlugu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫумӑр (śumăr)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yağmur

Ottoman Turkish: یاغمور (yağmur)

Turkish: yağmur

Gagauz: yaamur

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: ýagmyr

Salar: yağmır

Karluk:

Karakhanid: يَغْمُرْ (yaɣmur)

Chagatai: یَامْغُورْ (yāmğūr)

Uyghur: يامغۇر (yamghur)

Uzbek: yomgʻir

Kipchak:

Kipchak: [script needed] (yamğur), [script needed] (yamğır), [script needed] (yağmur)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ямғыр (yamğır)

Tatar: яңгыр (yañgır)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: yağmur

Karachay-Balkar: джангур (cañur), джанъур (cañur)

Kumyk: янгур (yañur)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: jamǵır

Kazakh: жаңбыр (jañbyr)

Nogai: ямгыр (yamgır)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жамгыр (jamgır)

Southern Altai: јаҥмыр (ǰaŋmïr), јaмгыр (ǰamgïr)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (jağmur, “rain”)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: һамыыр (hamıır)

Yakut: самыыр (samıır)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas: наңмыр (nañmır)

Shor: нағбур (nağbur), нағбыр (nağbır)

From earlier *yagmïr from *yag- (“to rain”) + *-mïr.


küdegü

küdegü (nominative singular)
küdegüüg (accusative singular)
küdegüni (accusative singular)
küdegünüŋ (genitive singular)
küdegüke (dative singular)
küdegüde (locative singular)
küdegüden (ablative singular)
küdegügerü (allative singular)
küdegüün (instrumental singular)
küdegüče (equative singular)
küdegüleyü (singular)
küdegülügü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: кĕрӳ (kĕrü)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: küdəyi

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: كويكو (güyägü), كویاكو (güyägü)

Azerbaijani: giyəv

Gagauz: güvää

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: كویكی (güveği, güveyi), كویكو (güveğü; güveyü)
Turkish: güvey, güveyi
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Latin script: đuvegija
Cyrillic script: ђувегија

Salar: güy (“husband”)

Turkmen: giýew

Karluk:

Karakhanid:

Chagatai: كویاكو (küyägü), كویاو (küyäw) (later)
Uyghur: күйегү (küyëgü) (dialectal)
Uzbek: куёв (kuyov) / kuyov, dialectal күйәв, күйөв

Kipchak: كویاكو (küyägü), كویاو (küyäw) — later
North Kipchak
Bashkir: кейәү (keyəw)
Tatar: кияү (kiyaw), dialectal күйә (küyä)
West Kipchak
Crimean Tatar: kiyev
Karachay-Balkar: кюеу (küyeu), киеу (kiyeu)
Karaim: кӱйӱв, кийив, кийув, кувейи, гувейи
Kumyk: гийев (giyew), гийэв (giyew)
Central Kipchak
Karakalpak: kúyev
Kazakh: күйеу (küieu)
Nogai: киев (kiyev)
East Kipchak
Kyrgyz: күйөө (küyöö)
Southern Altai: кӱйӱ (küyü), dialectal кӱйе (küye), кӱйӧ (küyö)

Siberian:

desc

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (küdegü), [script needed] (küden)

Western Yugur: küzegi

North Siberian:

Dolgan: [script needed] (kütüö)

Yakut: күтүөт (kütüöt)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: [script needed] (hüdää)

Tuvan: күдээ (küdee)

Yenisei:

Shor:

Khakas: кізӧ


tīrek

tīrek (nominative singular)
tīrekig (accusative singular)
tīrekni (accusative singular)
tīrekniŋ (genitive singular)
tīrekke (dative singular)
tīrekde (locative singular)
tīrekden (ablative singular)
tīrekgerü (allative singular)
tīrekin (instrumental singular)
tīrekče (equative singular)
tīrekleyü (singular)
tīrekligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: чарак (čarak)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: dirək

Ottoman Turkish: دیرك

Turkish: direk (“pole”)

Gagauz: direk

Salar: direk

Turkmen: dīrek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (tirek)

Uzbek: tirak

Uyghur: تىرەك (tirek)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Karaim: [script needed] (direk)

Kumyk: [script needed] (tirew)

North Kipchak:

Tatar: терәк (teräk)

Bashkir: терәк (terək)

→ Chuvash: тӗрек (tĕrek)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: тірек (tırek)

Nogai: [script needed] (tirew)

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: тирӱ (tirü) < *тире- + ӱ

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tirek)

North Siberian:

Yakut: тирэх (tireq)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas: тірег (tìreg)


kȫkerčin

kȫkerčin (nominative singular)
kȫkerčinig (accusative singular)
kȫkerčinni (accusative singular)
kȫkerčinniŋ (genitive singular)
kȫkerčinke (dative singular)
kȫkerčinde (locative singular)
kȫkerčinden (ablative singular)
kȫkerčingerü (allative singular)
kȫkerčinin (instrumental singular)
kȫkerčinče (equative singular)
kȫkerčinleyü (singular)
kȫkerčinligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: кӑвакарчӑн (kăvak̬arč̬ăn)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: kö̂kərçik

Proto-Oghuz: *göɣerčin

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: göyərçin

→ Khalaj: gövərçin

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: گوگرجین (güvercin), կիւվէրճին (güvercin), կէօվէրճին (gövercin) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: güvercin
→ Armenian: կիւվէրճին (kiwvērčin), կէօվէրճին (kēōvērčin)
→ Laz: ჯუვერჯინი (cuvercini)

Turkmeneli Turkish: göğerçin

East Oghuz:

Salar: gürgüncük

Turkmen: gögerçin

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: күгәрсен (kügərsen)

Tatar: күгәрчен (kügärçen)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: gögercin, kögerçin

Karachay-Balkar: кёгюрчюн (kögürçün)

Karaim: [script needed] (kürgüçün)

desc

Kumyk: гёгюрчюн (gögürçün)

Kumyk: гёгюрчюн (gögürçün)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: көгершін (kögerşın)

Nogai: коьгершин (kögerşin)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: көгүчкөн (kögückön)

Southern Altai: кӧгӧрчин (kögörčin)

Siberian:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Old Uyghur:

Western Yugur: [script needed] (köküšken, köküškön)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: көгээзин (kögeezin, “wild pigeon”)

From *kȫker- (“to turn blue”) + *-čin, from *kȫk (“blue”) + *-er.


küneĺ

küneĺ (nominative singular)
küneĺig (accusative singular)
küneĺni (accusative singular)
küneĺniŋ (genitive singular)
küneĺke (dative singular)
küneĺde (locative singular)
küneĺden (ablative singular)
küneĺgerü (allative singular)
küneĺin (instrumental singular)
küneĺče (equative singular)
küneĺleyü (singular)
küneĺligü (comitative singular)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: künəş

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ajem Turkic:

Azerbaijani: günəş

Qashqai: گوٚنئس (günes)

Ottoman Turkish: كونش

Turkish: güneş

Gagauz: güneş

→ Crimean Tatar: küneş

→ Karaim: кӱнэш

→ Krymchak: [script needed] (günäš)

→ Kumyk: гюнеш (güneş)

→ Kipchak:

Bashkir: [script needed] (könäs)

→? Kyrgyz: күнөш (künöş)

→? Southern Altai: кӱнеш (küneš)

→ Chagatai:

Salar: güniş

Turkmen: güneş

Old Turkic:

Old Turkic: 𐰛𐰈𐰤𐰾 (küneš, “sunshine”)

From *kün (“the Sun, day”) + *-e- + *-ĺ. According to Nişanyan, although the verb *küne- is unattested, it could have existed with the meaning "to shine", compare *yaĺčuk (“sun”) from *yaĺču- (“to shine”).
Ünal, considering Proto-Mongolic *asa- (“to burn”) and Proto-Yeniseian *pʰal (“warm”) as Turkic borrowings, reconstructs an ad hoc *(h)āĺ ("heat") which is not found in any daughter language and considers this word to be a compound of it and *kün (“the Sun, day”).
Rasanen instead considers it as contamination of *kuńāĺ with *kün.
Whether *kuńāĺ (“sunny place”) is a secondary form of this or a distinct word is uncertain, with multiple sources claiming one or the other.


burgu

burgu (nominative singular)
burguug (accusative singular)
burgunï (accusative singular)
burgunuŋ (genitive singular)
burguka (dative singular)
burguda (locative singular)
burgudan (ablative singular)
burgugaru (allative singular)
burguun (instrumental singular)
burguča (equative singular)
burgulayu (singular)
burgulugu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: пӑрӑх (părăh)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Proto-Oghuz: *burɣu

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: boru

Ottoman Turkish: بورو (boru)

Turkish: boru

Karluk:

Karakhanid:

Khorezmian Turkic:

Chagatai:

Uzbek: moʻri, burgʻu

Uyghur: بۇرغا (burgha)

Kipchak:

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: борғо (borğo)

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: буру (buru, “guilt”)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (burğu)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: мурғу (“pipe made of a plant stem”)

Yenisei:

Khakas: пырғы (pırğı, “hunting horn”)

From Proto-Turkic *bur- (“to bend”) + *-gu. Compared to Proto-Mongolic *bürijen (“trumpet, trumpet horn”).


āg

āg (nominative singular)
āgïg (accusative singular)
āgnï (accusative singular)
āgnïŋ (genitive singular)
āgka (dative singular)
āgda (locative singular)
āgdan (ablative singular)
āggaru (allative singular)
āgïn (instrumental singular)
āgča (equative singular)
āglayu (singular)
āglïgu (comitative singular)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (ağ)

Uzbek: av

Oghuz:

Ottoman Turkish: آغ (ağ)

Turkish: ağ

Turkmen: ag

Azerbaijani: ağ

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ау (aw)

Tatar: ав (aw)

West Kipchak:

Karaim: ав

Karachay-Balkar: ау (au)

Kumyk: ав (aw)

South Kipchak:

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: ау (au)

Karakalpak: ау

Nogai: ав (av)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: уу (uu)

Southern Altai: уу (uu)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yenisei Turkic:

Shor: ағ

Khakas: ағ (ağ)


börük

börük (nominative singular)
börükler (nominative plural)
börükniŋ (genitive singular)
börüklerniŋ (genitive plural)
börükke (dative singular)
börüklerke (dative plural)
börükte (locative singular)
börüklerde (locative plural)
börükten (ablative singular)
börüklerden (ablative plural)
börüklerin (instrumental plural)
börükče (equative singular)
börüklerče (equative plural)
*bürük (alternative)

→? Proto-Mongolic: *bürkü- (“to cover”)

⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *börükgek

Arghu:

Khalaj: bürgək

Arghu:

Khalaj: bö̂rk

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: börk

Ottoman Turkish: بورك (börk)

Turkish: börk

Turkmen: bȫrik

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بُرْكْ (börk)

Chagatai:

Uzbek: burk

Uyghur: بۆك (bök), (obsolete) بۆرك (börk)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: бёрк (börk)

Karachay-Balkar: бёрк (börk)

Karaim: [script needed] (bärik), [script needed] (b'ork)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: бүрек (bürek)

Tatar: бүрек (bürek)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: бөрік (börık)

Karakalpak: börik

Nogai: боьрк (börk)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: бөрүк (börük)

Southern Altai: бӧрӱк (börük)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (börk)

North Siberian:

Yakut: бэргэһэ (bergehe)

desc

Dolgan: бэргэһэ

Dolgan: бэргэһэ

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: бөрт (bört)

Soyot: бөърт (bö̀rt)

Tofa: [script needed] (bö'rt)

Yenisei:

Shor: пӧрӱк (pörük)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (perik)

Khakas: пӧрік

From *börü- + *-ük. The vowel in the suffix disappeared early in most languages..


köbüŕ

köbüŕ (nominative singular)
köbüŕüg (accusative singular)
köbüŕni (accusative singular)
köbüŕnüŋ (genitive singular)
köbüŕke (dative singular)
köbüŕde (locative singular)
köbüŕden (ablative singular)
köbüŕgerü (allative singular)
köbüŕün (instrumental singular)
köbüŕče (equative singular)
köbüŕleyü (singular)
köbüŕlügü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

→? Russian: ковёр (kovjór, “rug, carpet”)

→ Romanian: covor

→ Yakut: көбүөр (köbüör)

→? Czech: koberec

→? Polish: kobierzec

→? Bulgarian: губер (guber)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: köğüz (dial.)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (kewiz)

Chagatai:

Uzbek: kigiz

Uyghur: [script needed] (kebez)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: [script needed] (guyuz) (dial.)

Karachay-Balkar: кюйюз (küyüz)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: көйөҙ (köyöź)

South Kipchak:

Aral:

Nogai: куьйиз (küyiz)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кебез (kebez, “cotton”)

Southern Altai: кебис (kebis)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: хевис (xevis, “carpet”)

Yenisei:

Shor: кемис (“carpet”)

Khakas: кибіс (kibìs, “carpet”)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (kebis)


kidiz

kidiz (nominative singular)
kidizig (accusative singular)
kidizni (accusative singular)
kidizniŋ (genitive singular)
kidizke (dative singular)
kidizde (locative singular)
kidizden (ablative singular)
kidizgerü (allative singular)
kidizin (instrumental singular)
kidizče (equative singular)
kidizleyü (singular)
kidizligü (comitative singular)

Proto-Turkic: *kidiz, *kẹdiz

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Turkish: kiyiz (dialectal)

Turkmen: kiz

Karluk:

Karakhanid: كِذِزْ (kiδiz)

Chagatai: [script needed] (gīyiz), [script needed] (kīyiz), [script needed] (kiz)

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (kiyiz)

Uzbek: kigiz

Uyghur: كىگىز (kigiz)

Kipchak:

Mamluk-Kipchak: قیز (kiyiz), قز (kiz)

Kipchak-Bulgar:

Bashkir: кейеҙ (keyeź)

Tatar: кийез (kiyez)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Kumyk: кийиз (kiyiz)

Karachay-Balkar: кийиз (kiyiz)

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: киіз (kiız)

Karakalpak: kiyiz

Nogai: кийиз (kiyiz)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кийиз (kiyiz)

Southern Altai: кийис (kiyis)

Siberian Turkic:

Old Uyghur: 𐽷𐽶𐽸𐽶𐽴 (kydyz /kidiz/)

South Siberian Turkic:

Sayan:

Tuvan: кидис (kidis)

Yenisei:

Khakas: кис (kis)

(Common Turkic, weaving) felt, felt-fabric


čabak

čabak (nominative singular)
čabakïg (accusative singular)
čabaknï (accusative singular)
čabaknïŋ (genitive singular)
čabakka (dative singular)
čabakda (locative singular)
čabakdan (ablative singular)
čabakgaru (allative singular)
čabakïn (instrumental singular)
čabakča (equative singular)
čabaklayu (singular)
čabaklïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: чапак (čap̬ak)

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Turkish: çabak

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: чабак (çabaq)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: çabaq

Karachay-Balkar: чабакъ (çabaq)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: шабақ (şabaq)

Kyrgyz: чабак (cabak)


čāk

čāk (nominative singular)
čākïg (accusative singular)
čāknï (accusative singular)
čāknïŋ (genitive singular)
čākka (dative singular)
čākda (locative singular)
čākdan (ablative singular)
čākgaru (allative singular)
čākïn (instrumental singular)
čākča (equative singular)
čāklayu (singular)
čāklïgu (comitative singular)

→? Proto-Mongolic: *čag (“time”)

Mongolian: цаг (cag)

Oghur:

Chuvash: [script needed] (čox)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: çağ

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: چاغ (çağ), չաղ (çağ) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: çağ
→ Armenian: չաղ (čʻaġ)

Turkmen: çag

Karluk:

Uzbek: chogʻ

Uyghur: چاغ (chagh, “era”)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: çağ

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: саҡ (saq)

Tatar: чак (çaq)

→ Chuvash: чух (čuh)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: шақ (şaq)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: чак (cak)

Southern Altai: чак (čak)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: сах (saq)

South Siberian:

Tuvan: шак (şak)

Northern Altai: шак (šak)


yapurgak

yapurgak (nominative singular)
yapurgaklar (nominative plural)
yapurgaknïŋ (genitive singular)
yapurgaklarnïŋ (genitive plural)
yapurgakka (dative singular)
yapurgaklarka (dative plural)
yapurgakta (locative singular)
yapurgaklarda (locative plural)
yapurgaktan (ablative singular)
yapurgaklardan (ablative plural)
yapurgaklarïn (instrumental plural)
yapurgakča (equative singular)
yapurgaklarča (equative plural)

Arghu:

Khalaj: [script needed] (yarpaq)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yarpaq

Ottoman Turkish: یپراق (yaprak), یاپراق (yaprak)
Turkish: yaprak
Gagauz: yaprak
→ Armenian: յափրախ (yapʻrax), ափրաղ (apʻraġ)
→ Ladino: yaprak
→ North Levantine Arabic: يبرق (yabraʔ)
→ Romanian: iaprac
→ Serbo-Croatian: japrak

Salar: yafraq, yarfaq

Turkmen: ýaprak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: يَبُرْغاقْ (yapurɣāq)

Uyghur: يوپۇرماق (yopurmaq)

Uzbek: yaproq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: япраҡ (yapraq)

Tatar: яфрак (yafraq)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: yapraq

Karachay-Balkar: чапракъ (çapraq)

Kumyk: япыракъ (yapıraq)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: жапырақ (japıraq)

Kazakh: жапырақ (japyraq)

Nogai: япырак (yapırak)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жалбырак (jalbırak)

Southern Altai: јалбырак (ǰalbïrak)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: 𐽶𐽰𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽵𐾄 (yapïrgak)

North Siberian:

Yakut: сэбирдэх (sebirdeq)

Dolgan: һэбирдэк (hebirdek)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: чөвүрээ (çövüree)

desc

Tofa: чөъпрәә

Tofa: чөъпрәә

Northern Altai: тьалбырак (tʹalbïrak, “foliage”)

Clauson derives from *yapur- (“to smooth, level”) + *-gak.


karïn

karïn (nominative singular)
karïnïg (accusative singular)
karïnnï (accusative singular)
karïnnïŋ (genitive singular)
karïnka (dative singular)
karïnda (locative singular)
karïndan (ablative singular)
karïngaru (allative singular)
karïnïn (instrumental singular)
karïnča (equative singular)
karïnlayu (singular)
karïnlïgu (comitative singular)

Proto-Oghur: *qarïn

Proto-Bulgar: *χarïm

Danube Bulgar:

→? Old Church Slavonic: корьмъ (korĭmŭ)

Bulgarian: корем (korem, “belly, tummy, stomach”)

Volga Bulgar: *χa̝rïm

Old Chuvash: *χa̝rı̈̆m

Middle Chuvash: *χïrı̈̆m

Chuvash: хырӑм (hyrăm)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: qarın

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: قرن

Azerbaijani: qarın

Gagauz: karnı

Ottoman Turkish: قارن (karn, karın)

Turkish: karın

Salar: garın

Turkmen: garyn

Karluk:

Uyghur: قارىن (qarin)

Uzbek: qorin

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: qarın

Karachay-Balkar: къарын (qarın)

Kumyk: къарын (qarın)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡарын (qarın)

Tatar: карын (qarın)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: қарын (qaryn)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: карын (karın)

Southern Altai: карын (karïn)

Siberian:

Orkhon Turkic: 𐰴𐰺𐰣 (qarïn)

Old Uyghur: 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (qʾryn /ḳarïn/)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: хырын (xırın)

Yenisei:

Khakas: харын (xarın)


kunduŕ

kunduŕ (nominative singular)
kunduŕug (accusative singular)
kunduŕnï (accusative singular)
kunduŕnuŋ (genitive singular)
kunduŕka (dative singular)
kunduŕda (locative singular)
kunduŕdan (ablative singular)
kunduŕgaru (allative singular)
kunduŕun (instrumental singular)
kunduŕča (equative singular)
kunduŕlayu (singular)
kunduŕlugu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: хӑнтӑр (hănt̬ăr)

Proto-Common Turkic: *kunduz

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qunduz

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: قوندوز (kunduz), قوندز (kunduz)
Turkish: kunduz
→ Arabic: قُنْدُس (qundus), قُنْدُز (qunduz)
→ Armenian: խունտուզ (xuntuz)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: խնդուզ (xnduz), խնտուզ (xntuz)

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: gunduz

Karluk:

Karakhanid: قوندوز (qunduz)

Uyghur: قۇندۇز (qunduz)

Uzbek: qunduz

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡондоҙ (qondoź)

Tatar: кондыз (qondız)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: qunduz

Karachay-Balkar: къундуз (qunduz)

Kumyk: хундуз (xunduz)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: құндыз (qūndyz, “otter”)

Nogai: кундыз (kundız)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кундуз (kunduz)

Southern Altai: кумдус (kumdus)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: kwntwz (kuntuz, “beaver”)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: кундус (kundus, “otter”)

Tofa: һундус (xundus)

Yenisei:

Khakas: хундус (xundus)

Shor: қумдус (kumdus, “lizard”)

Unknown. Eren (1999) argues that this word is composed of *kund (“?”) + *-uŕ (“deverbal noun-making suffix”).
Often compared with Proto-Ugric *kuntɜ (“beaver”), whence Hungarian hód, Northern Mansi хунтыль (huntylʹ). Both loaning directions (Turkic → Ugric, Ugric → Turkic) have been proposed.
Original meaning of this root, beaver, is contaminated in select languages with the secondary semantic derivation of otter.


uruk

uruk (nominative singular)
urukug (accusative singular)
uruknï (accusative singular)
uruknuŋ (genitive singular)
urukka (dative singular)
urukda (locative singular)
urukdan (ablative singular)
urukgaru (allative singular)
urukun (instrumental singular)
urukča (equative singular)
uruklayu (singular)
uruklugu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

→ Hungarian: hurok

Common Turkic:

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اُرُقْ (uruq)

Kipchak:

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: урук (uruk)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: ՚wrwk (uruq)

Western Yugur: uruq

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: урук (uruk, “lasso pole”)

Yenisei:

Khakas: урух (urux)

Shor: уруқ (uruq)

→? Proto-Mongolic: *hurïka

→? Proto-Tungusic: *purka

From *ur- (“to hit; to place”) + *-uk. Cognate with *urkan (“rope”). According to Clauson some forms with the meaning "lasso" go back to *ukruk (“lasso”) instead.


buŋ

buŋ (nominative singular)
buŋlar (nominative plural)
buŋnïŋ (genitive singular)
buŋlarnïŋ (genitive plural)
buŋka (dative singular)
buŋlarka (dative plural)
buŋda (locative singular)
buŋlarda (locative plural)
buŋdan (ablative singular)
buŋlardan (ablative plural)
buŋlarïn (instrumental plural)
buŋča (equative singular)
buŋlarča (equative plural)

Oghuz:

Proto-Oghuz: *buŋ

Old Anatolian Turkish: بوك (buñ), بوكلو (buñlu)

Ottoman Turkish: بوك (buñ)

Gagauz: bunalmaa

Turkish: bun, bunlu, bunalmak

Turkmen: muňly (dialect)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (muñ)

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (muñ)

Chagatai: مونک (mung)

Uzbek: mung

Uyghur: مۇڭ (mung)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: موڭ (muñ)

North Kipchak:

Tatar: моң (moñ)

Bashkir: моң (moñ)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: мунг (muñ)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: мұң (mūñ)

Karakalpak: mung

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: муң (muŋ)

Southern Altai: муҥ (muŋ)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰉𐰆𐰭 (buŋ)

Old Uyghur: 𐽹𐽳𐽺𐽷 (muŋ)

Yenisei Kyrgyz: 𐰉𐰆𐰬 (buŋ)

North Siberian:

Yakut: муҥ (muñ)

Dolgan: муҥ

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: муң (muñ)

Yenisei:

Shor: [script needed] (muñ)

⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *buŋ-ï-

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Gagauz: bunmaa

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: bunmak, bungun

⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *buŋ-a-

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

⇒ Gagauz: bunak

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: bunamak, bunak


sipür-

Oghur:

Chuvash: шӑпӑр (šăp̬ăr, “broom”)

→ Hungarian: seper (“to sweep, to broom”), söpör

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: sipürmək

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: süpürmək

Ottoman Turkish: سوپورمك (süpürmek)

Turkish: süpürmek

Gagauz: süpürmää

Salar: sürgüsi (“to sweep”), süfse (“broom”), süpse (“broom”), sipse (“broom”)

Turkmen: süpürmek, sübse (“broom”)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (süpür-)

Uzbek: supurmoq

Uyghur: [script needed] (süpürmek) (سۈپۈرگە (süpürge, “broom”))

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: sipirmek, sıpırmaq

Kumyk: [script needed] (sibir-)

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (sibir-)

Karaim: [script needed] (sibir-)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һепереү (heperew), һепертке (hepertke, “broom”)

Tatar: себерергә (seberergä)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: sıpırw

Kazakh: сыпыру (sypyru)

Nogai: сыпыру (sıpıru)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: шыпыруу (şıpıruu)

Southern Altai: сибир- (sibir-)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: сиппий (sippiy, “to sweep”), сиппиир (sippiir, “broom”)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: [script needed] (sivir-)

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (sıbır-)

Proto-Mongolic *sixür- (“to sweep”), *sixür (“broom, besom”) are early loanwords from Turkic. Compared also Evenki чипмӣ (çipmī, “to sweep; to scrape”) by EDAL. (See also *topïk)


yï̄lan

yï̄lan (nominative singular)
yï̄lanïg (accusative singular)
yï̄lannï (accusative singular)
yï̄lannïŋ (genitive singular)
yï̄lanka (dative singular)
yï̄landa (locative singular)
yï̄landan (ablative singular)
yï̄langaru (allative singular)
yï̄lanïn (instrumental singular)
yï̄lanča (equative singular)
yï̄lanlayu (singular)
yï̄lanlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫӗлен (śĕlen)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: yilân

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: ilan

Ottoman Turkish: ییلان (yılan)

Gagauz: yılan

Turkish: yılan

Salar: yilen

Turkmen: ýylān

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yılan)

Uyghur: يىلان (yilan)

Uzbek: ilon

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: йылан (yılan)

Tatar: елан (yelan)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: cılan, yılan

desc

Karachay-Balkar: джылан (cılan), жылан (jılan), жилян (jilyan)

Karaim: [script needed] (yilan)

Kumyk: йылан (yılan)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (jılan)

Kazakh: жылан (jylan)

Nogai: йылан (yılan)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жылан (jılan)

Southern Altai: јылан (ǰïlan)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰃𐰞𐰣 (y¹il¹n¹)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yılan)

Western Yugur: yilan

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: чулан (çulan)

Tuvan: чылан (çılan)

Yenisei:

Khakas: чылан (çılan)

Shor: чылан (çılan)


omuŕ

omuŕ (nominative singular)
omuŕug (accusative singular)
omuŕnï (accusative singular)
omuŕnuŋ (genitive singular)
omuŕka (dative singular)
omuŕda (locative singular)
omuŕdan (ablative singular)
omuŕgaru (allative singular)
omuŕun (instrumental singular)
omuŕča (equative singular)
omuŕlayu (singular)
omuŕlugu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Volga Bulgar:

Chuvash: ӑмӑр (ămăr, “chest of animal”)

> Danube Bulgar: ωμορ (omur) (as in Ωμορταγ (Omurtag))

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish: اوموز (omuz, “shoulder”)

Turkish: omuz

Gagauz: omuz

Turkmen: omuz

Karluk:

Karakhanid:

Chagatai: اوموز (omuz, “shoulder”)

Uzbek: oʻmiz

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: omuz

Kumyk: омуз (omuz)

Karachay-Balkar: омуз (omuz)

Karaim: [script needed] (omuz)

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *omur- (“collar bone, clavicle”), compare Mongolian омруу (omruu, “clavicle, sternum”). Compare also Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓms (“shoulder”), whence Latin umerus (“shoulder”), Ancient Greek ὦμος (ômos, “shoulder”); perhaps an early interaction with an Indo-European language.


sakïŕ

sakïŕ (nominative singular)
sakïŕïg (accusative singular)
sakïŕnï (accusative singular)
sakïŕnïŋ (genitive singular)
sakïŕka (dative singular)
sakïŕda (locative singular)
sakïŕdan (ablative singular)
sakïŕgaru (allative singular)
sakïŕïn (instrumental singular)
sakïŕča (equative singular)
sakïŕlayu (singular)
sakïŕlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: сухӑр (suh̬ăr)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: saqqız

Ottoman Turkish: ساقز (sakız)

Gagauz: sakız

Turkish: sakız

Turkmen: sakgyç

Karluk:

Chagatai: سقیز (saqız)

Karakhanid: [script needed] (saqız)

Uzbek: saqich

Uyghur: سېغىز (sëghiz)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: saqız

Karaim: [script needed] (saqız)

Kumyk: сагъыз (sağız)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һағыҙ (hağıź)

Tatar: сагыз (sağız)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: sağız

Kazakh: сағыз (sağyz)

Nogai: сагыз (sagız)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: сагыз (sagız)

Southern Altai: саҥыс (saŋïs)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Dolgan: ыас

Yakut: ыас (ıas)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: саат (saat)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: саас (saas)


sïčgan

sïčgan (nominative singular)
sïčganïg (accusative singular)
sïčgannï (accusative singular)
sïčgannïŋ (genitive singular)
sïčganka (dative singular)
sïčganda (locative singular)
sïčgandan (ablative singular)
sïčgangaru (allative singular)
sïčganïn (instrumental singular)
sïčganča (equative singular)
sïčganlayu (singular)
sïčganlïgu (comitative singular)

→? Hungarian: cickány

Oghur:

Chuvash: шӑши (šăš̬i)

Arghu:

Khalaj: sıçğân

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: siçan

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: صیچان (sıçan), سچان (sıçan), صچان (sıçan)
Turkish: sıçan
→ Serbo-Croatian: sičan

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: syçan

Karluk:

Karakhanid: سِجْغانْ (sïčɣān)

Uzbek: sichqon

Uyghur: چاشقان (chashqan)

Armeno-Kipchak: սըչխան (səčʻxan)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: sıçan

desc

Karachay-Balkar: чичхан (çiçxan), чычхан (çıçxan)

Kumyk: чычкъан (çıçqan)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: сысҡан (sısqan)

Tatar: тычкан (tıçkan), сычан (sıçan)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: тышқан (tyşqan)

→⇒ Russian: тушканчик (tuškančik)

Nogai: шышкан (şışkan)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: чычкан (čïčkan)

Kyrgyz: чычкан (cıckan)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰽𐰲𐰍𐰭 (sïčgan)

Old Uyghur: syčγ՚n (sïčɣan)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (šɨɣan)

North Siberian:

Yakut:

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas:

Shor: шышқан (şışqan)

From *sïč- (“to defecate”) + *-gan.
Nomen agentis of *sïč- (“to defecate”), literally "the one who defecates".


eŋse

eŋse (nominative singular)
eŋseler (nominative plural)
eŋseniŋ (genitive singular)
eŋselerniŋ (genitive plural)
eŋseke (dative singular)
eŋselerke (dative plural)
eŋsede (locative singular)
eŋselerde (locative plural)
eŋseden (ablative singular)
eŋselerden (ablative plural)
eŋselerin (instrumental plural)
eŋseče (equative singular)
eŋselerče (equative plural)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: ənsə

Ottoman Turkish: اكسه (eñse)

Turkish: ense

Gagauz: yensä

Salar: eñse

Turkmen: ýeňse

Karluk:

Karakhanid:

Chagatai:

Uzbek: ensa

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: eñse

Kumyk: енгсе (yeñse)

Karaim: [script needed] (eŋse)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: иңһә (iñhə)

Tatar: иңсә (iñsä)

→ Chuvash: ӗнсе (ĕns̬e), инсе (ins̬e)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: еңсе (eñse)

Karakalpak: engse

Nogai: [script needed] (eŋse)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: [script needed] (eŋse)

Southern Altai: эҥзе (eŋze, “hump, back of the head”)


yaruk

yaruk (nominative singular)
yaruklar (nominative plural)
yaruknïŋ (genitive singular)
yaruklarnïŋ (genitive plural)
yarukka (dative singular)
yaruklarka (dative plural)
yarukta (locative singular)
yaruklarda (locative plural)
yaruktan (ablative singular)
yaruklardan (ablative plural)
yaruklarïn (instrumental plural)
yarukča (equative singular)
yaruklarča (equative plural)


kepelek

kepelek (nominative singular)
kepelekig (accusative singular)
kepelekni (accusative singular)
kepelekniŋ (genitive singular)
kepelekke (dative singular)
kepelekde (locative singular)
kepelekden (ablative singular)
kepelekgerü (allative singular)
kepelekin (instrumental singular)
kepelekče (equative singular)
kepelekleyü (singular)
kepelekligü (comitative singular)

Proto-Common Turkic: *kepeli, *kepelek, *kelepek

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: كلابك (gäläbäk)

Azerbaijani: kəpənək

Ottoman Turkish: كلبك (kelebek)

Turkish: kelebek

Salar: kegelik

Turkmen: kebelek (کبلاک)

Karluk

Karakhanid: [script needed] (kepēlī)

Uzbek: kapalak

Uyghur: كېپىنەك (këpinek)

Kipchak:

Cuman: [script needed] (köbelek)

North Kipchak

Bashkir: күбәләк (kübələk)

Tatar: күбәләк (kübäläk)

South Kipchak

Kazakh: көбелек (köbelek)

West Kipchak

Kumyk: гёбелек (göbelek)

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: көпөлөк (köpölök)

Southern Altai: кӧбӧлӧк (köbölök)

Siberian:

South Siberian

Yenisei:

Shor: қонақ (qonaq)

Northern Altai: кӧбӧлек (köbölek), кӧвӧлӧк (kövölök), конак (konak)

From *kepeli (“butterfly”) + *-ak (“diminutive suffix”). The rounding in some of the descendants is due to the neighboring labial /p/. Some of the descendants also exhibit metathesis to *kelepek. Eren (1999) suggests that this word is an onomatopoeic in origin.
Clauson suggets a loanword, but does not give a source language, pointing that it is only present in Oghuz, Karluk and Kipchak branches.
Compared to Proto-Mongolic *kibe (“moth”) (Mongolian хив (xiv, “moth”)) and Japanese コオロギ (kōrogi, “cricket”) by Altaicists, although such comparisons are deemed as unscientific by the consensus.


bakïr

bakïr (nominative singular)
bakïrïg (accusative singular)
bakïrnï (accusative singular)
bakïrnïŋ (genitive singular)
bakïrka (dative singular)
bakïrda (locative singular)
bakïrdan (ablative singular)
bakïrgaru (allative singular)
bakïrïn (instrumental singular)
bakïrča (equative singular)
bakïrlayu (singular)
bakïrlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: пӑхӑр (păh̬ăr)

Proto-Common Turkic: *bakïr

Oghuz:

Proto-Oghuz: *bakïr

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (baqır)

Azerbaijani: paxır

Gagauz: bakır

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: باقر (bakır), باقیر (bakır), بقر (bakır)
Turkish: bakır
→ Albanian: bakër
→ Armenian: պախըր (paxər), փախըր (pʻaxər)
→ Aromanian: bãcãri
→ Bulgarian: бакъ́р (bakǎ́r)
→ Greek: μπακίρι (bakíri)
→ Ladino: bakir
→ Laz: ბაქირი (bakiri), ბაკირი (baǩiri) — Jigetore, ბაკკირი (baǩǩiri) — Ortaalan, ბაქიი (bakii), ბაქიჲი (bakiyi) — alternative spellings
→ Macedonian: бакар (bakar)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ба̀кар
Latin script: bàkar
→ Slovene: báker

desc

⇒ Turkish: bakraç (“copper cooking pot”)

Turkmen: (archaic) bakyr

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بَقِرْ (baqır)

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (baqır), [script needed] (paqır)

Chagatai: پاقر (paqır)

Uzbek: paqir

Uyghur: [script needed] (paqır)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: بقر (baqır)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: баҡыр (baqır)

Tatar: бакыр (baqır)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: baqır

Karachay-Balkar: багъыр (bağır)

Karaim: [script needed] (baɣır)

Kumyk: багъыр (bağır)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: бақыр (baqyr)

Karakalpak: [script needed] (baqır)

Nogai: бакыр (bakır)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: бакыр (bakır)

Southern Altai: бакыр (bakïr, “copper”)

⇒ Southern Altai: бакрас (bakras)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽾 (bakïr)

Western Yugur: paqər

North Siberian:

⇒? Yakut: баҕарах (bağaraq, “pot for boiling milk”)

South Siberian:

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: пағыр (pağır)


tolkun

tolkun (nominative singular)
tolkunlar (nominative plural)
tolkunnïŋ (genitive singular)
tolkunlarnïŋ (genitive plural)
tolkunka (dative singular)
tolkunlarka (dative plural)
tolkunda (locative singular)
tolkunlarda (locative plural)
tolkundan (ablative singular)
tolkunlardan (ablative plural)
tolkunlarïn (instrumental plural)
tolkunča (equative singular)
tolkunlarča (equative plural)

Oghuz:

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: tolkun

Karluk:

Uyghur: دولقۇن (dolqun)

Uzbek: toʻlqin

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: тулҡын (tulqın)

Tatar: дулкын (dulkın)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: tolqun

Kumyk: толкъун (tolqun)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: толқын (tolqyn)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: толкун (tolkun)

Southern Altai: толгон (tolgon), толкун (tolkun), толку (tolku)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: долгун (dolgun)

From Proto-Turkic *tolku- (“to get disturbed (of water).”) + *-n. Somehow akin to Proto-Mongolic *dalxiyan (“wave”).


bürtük

bürtük (nominative singular)
bürtüküg (accusative singular)
bürtükni (accusative singular)
bürtüknüŋ (genitive singular)
bürtükke (dative singular)
bürtükde (locative singular)
bürtükden (ablative singular)
bürtükgerü (allative singular)
bürtükün (instrumental singular)
bürtükče (equative singular)
bürtükleyü (singular)
bürtüklügü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

desctree

Volga Bulgar: برت (bürtü)
Chuvash: пӗрчӗ (pĕrč̬ĕ)
→ Eastern Mari: пырче (pyrče)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: pürtük (“powder, dust”)

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: pürtük (“tuberose, grain”) (meaning of grain is dialect in Düzce, Kastamonu, Çorum, Gaziantep, Yozgat, Kırşehir, Kayseri, Niğde)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: бөртөк (börtök)

Tatar: бөртек (börtek)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: bürtük

Kumyk: [script needed] (bürtük)

Karachay-Balkar: бюртюк (bürtük)

Karaim: бюртюк

→? Turkish: bürtük (dial. in Istanbul, 1965)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: бүртік (bürtık)

Nogai: [script needed] (bürtik)

Karakalpak: bürtik

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: бүртүк (bürtük)

Siberian:

Yakut: бурдук (burduk)


topur

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish:

desc

Turkish: topur (“patch, piece of earth”) (dial)

Turkmen: topur (“earth”)

Compare to Proto-Mongolic *toxusun, Mongolian тоос (toos).


ügüz

ügüz (nominative singular)
ügüzler (nominative plural)
ügüzniŋ (genitive singular)
ügüzlerniŋ (genitive plural)
ügüzke (dative singular)
ügüzlerke (dative plural)
ügüzde (locative singular)
ügüzlerde (locative plural)
ügüzden (ablative singular)
ügüzlerden (ablative plural)
ügüzlerin (instrumental plural)
ügüzče (equative singular)
ügüzlerče (equative plural)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰇𐰏𐰔 (ügüz/ögüz)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ügüz/ögüz)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (ügüz)

North Siberian:

>? Yakut: үрэх (üreq)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas: ӱӱс (üüs, “river”); also in river names

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (ügüz)

Uyghur: ئۆگزەن (ögzen, “small river”).

If it is related to Proto-Mongolic *üyer (“flood, freshet”) and Proto-Tungusic *ugē(r), it can be reconstructed as *ügüŕ.


bürge

bürge (nominative singular)
bürgeig (accusative singular)
bürgeni (accusative singular)
bürgeniŋ (genitive singular)
bürgeke (dative singular)
bürgede (locative singular)
bürgeden (ablative singular)
bürgegerü (allative singular)
bürgein (instrumental singular)
bürgeče (equative singular)
bürgeleyü (singular)
bürgeligü (comitative singular)
*bürče (alternative)
*bürgē (alternative)

Oghur: *bürče

Bulgar: *bürśe

Middle Chuvash: *pürśe

Chuvash: пӑрҫа (părś̬a)

>? Anatri Chuvash: порҫа (porś̬a)

Proto-Common Turkic: *bürge

→ Proto-Mongolic: *bürge (“flea”)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: birə

Ottoman Turkish: پیره (pire)

Gagauz: pirä

Turkish: pire

Salar: birge

Turkmen: büre

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بُرْكا (bürge)

Uzbek: burga

Uyghur: بۈرگە (bürge)

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Bulgar:

Bashkir: бөрсә (börsə)

Tatar: борча (borça), бүре (büre)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Karachay-Balkar: бюрче (bürçe)

Kumyk: бюрче (bürçe)

Karaim: бырчэ, пирэ

Karaim: бырчэ, пирэ

Kipchak-Nogai:

Karakalpak: bürge

Kazakh: бүрге (bürge)

Nogai: буьрше (bürşe)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: бүргө (bürgö)

From *bür (“leaf, bud”) + *-ge. Alternatively, from Proto-Turkic *bürü- (“to cover up, to dig oneself in”).
Compare Proto-Indo-European *plúsis and Proto-Afroasiatic *pVrɣVč (“flea”).

der

*bürü-<t:to cover up, to dig oneself in>


agïŕ

agïŕ (nominative singular)
agïŕïg (accusative singular)
agïŕnï (accusative singular)
agïŕnïŋ (genitive singular)
agïŕka (dative singular)
agïŕda (locative singular)
agïŕdan (ablative singular)
agïŕgaru (allative singular)
agïŕïn (instrumental singular)
agïŕča (equative singular)
agïŕlayu (singular)
agïŕlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫӑвар (śăvar)

Arghu

Khalaj: âğız

Oghuz:

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: آغِزْ (āġız, aġız), آغُزْ (āġuz, aġuz)

Azerbaijani: ağız

Gagauz: aaz

Ottoman Turkish: آغز

Turkish: ağız

→ Persian: آغوز (âġuz)

Salar: ağız

Turkmen: agyz

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اَغِزْ (ağïz)

Uzbek: ogʻiz

Uyghur: ئېغىز (ëghiz)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak

Bashkir: ауыҙ (awıź)

Tatar: авыз (awız)

South Kipchak

Karakalpak: awız

Kazakh: ауыз (auyz)

Nogai: авыз (avız)

West Kipchak

Crimean Tatar: ağız

Karachay-Balkar: аууз (auuz)

Karaim: avuz

Kumyk: авуз (awuz)

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: ооз (ooz)

Southern Altai: оос (oos)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Chulym: ағыс (aɣïs)

Khakas: аас (aas)

Northern Altai: акыс (akïs), аас (aas)

Shor: аас (aas)

Tofa: аас (aas)

Tuvan: аас (aas)

Western Yugur: aɣïs, aχïs, aχs, aχsï

North Siberian:

Dolgan: уос (uos, “lip”)

Yakut: уос (uos, “lip”)


adïg

adïg (nominative singular)
adïglar (nominative plural)
adïgnïŋ (genitive singular)
adïglarnïŋ (genitive plural)
adïgka (dative singular)
adïglarka (dative plural)
adïgda (locative singular)
adïglarda (locative plural)
adïgdan (ablative singular)
adïglardan (ablative plural)
adïglarïn (instrumental plural)
adïgča (equative singular)
adïglarča (equative plural)

Proto-Common Turkic:

Proto-Oghuz: *ayï

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (ayı)

Azerbaijani: ayı

Ottoman Turkish: آیی (ayı)

Gagauz: ayı

Turkish: ayı

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: aýy

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اَذِغْ (aδïɣ)

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (aδïɣ) [script needed] (ayïq)

Chagatai: آيق (ayıq)

Uzbek: ayiq

Uyghur: ئېيىق (ëyiq)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: ايو (ayıw)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: ayuv

Karachay-Balkar: айю (ayü) айыу (ayıu)

Karaim: ayuv

Kumyk: аюв (ayuw)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: айыу (ayıw)

Tatar: аю (ayu)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: ayıw

Kazakh: аю (aü)

Nogai: аюв (ayuv)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: аюу (ayuu)

Southern Altai: айу (ayu)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰑𐰍 (adïɣ)

Old Uyghur:

→ Salar: atıq

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: адыг (adıg)

Yeniseian Turkic:

Khakas: азығ (azığ)

Nişanyan suggests that this is a tabooistic usage of *ādïg (“sober”). A comparison is made with Proto-Mongolic *ötegen (“father; bear”), however the Mongolic word is from Proto-Mongolic *öte- (“to get old”), see also Proto-Mongolic *ötel- (“to get old”). .


adgïr

adgïr (nominative singular)
adgïrïg (accusative singular)
adgïrnï (accusative singular)
adgïrnïŋ (genitive singular)
adgïrka (dative singular)
adgïrda (locative singular)
adgïrdan (ablative singular)
adgïrgaru (allative singular)
adgïrïn (instrumental singular)
adgïrča (equative singular)
adgïrlayu (singular)
adgïrlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ӑйӑр (ăjăr)

→ Proto-Mongolic: *ajïrga (“stallion”)

Proto-Common Turkic: *adgïr
** Proto-Oghuz: *ayɣïr
*** West Oghuz:
**** Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (ayğır)
***** Azerbaijani: ayğır (see there for further descendants)
***** Gagauz: haygır, aygır
***** Ottoman Turkish: آیغر (ayğır) (see there for further descendants)
****** Turkish: aygır
*** East Oghuz:
**** Turkmen: aýgyr
** Karluk:
*** Karakhanid: اَذْغِرْ (aδɣïr)
**** Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (aδɣïr), [script needed] (ayɣïr)
***** Chagatai: [script needed] (ayğır)
****** Uzbek: aygʻir
****** Uyghur: ئايغىر (ayghir)
** Kipchak:
*** Kipchak: ايغر (ayğır)
**** North Kipchak:
***** Bashkir: айғыр (ayğır)
***** Tatar: айгыр (aygır)
***** Siberian Tatar: айғыр (ayğır)
**** West Kipchak:
***** Crimean Tatar: ayğır
***** Karachay-Balkar: аджир (acir), ажир (ajir)
***** Kumyk: айгъыр (ayğır) (see there for further descendants)
**** South Kipchak:
***** Kazakh: айғыр (aiğyr)
***** Karakalpak: айғыр (ayğır)
**** East Kipchak:
***** Kyrgyz: айгыр (aygır)
***** Southern Altai: айгыр (aygïr)
**** → Polish: ogier (see there for further descendants)
**** → Ukrainian: огир (ohyr)
**** → Chechen: айгӏар (ajğar)
** Siberian:
*** Old Turkic: 𐰑𐰍𐰺 (adɣïr)
**** Old Uyghur: ʾʾdqyr (adɣïr)
***** Western Yugur: azɣər (azğïr)
*** North Siberian:
**** Yakut: атыыр (atıır)
*** South Siberian:
**** Sayan Turkic:
***** Tofa: асқыр
***** Tuvan: аскыр (askır)
**** Yeniseian Turkic:
***** Khakas: асхыр (asxır)
***** Shor: асқыр
***** Chulym: asqïr
***** → Arin: askɨr
***** → Assan: askir
***** → Kott: askar


yẹl

yẹl (nominative singular)
yẹlig (accusative singular)
yẹlni (accusative singular)
yẹlniŋ (genitive singular)
yẹlke (dative singular)
yẹlde (locative singular)
yẹlden (ablative singular)
yẹlgerü (allative singular)
yẹlin (instrumental singular)
yẹlče (equative singular)
yẹlleyü (singular)
yẹlligü (comitative singular)

Oghur: *ǰēl

Proto-Bulgar: *č́ēl

Danube Bulgar: *sēl ~ śēl

→ Old Hungarian: ſeel (sēl, *śēl)

Hungarian: szél

Volga Bulgar: *?

Old Chuvash: *śēl

Chuvash: ҫил (śil)

→ Proto-Permic: *śu̇l (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Common Turkic: *yẹl ~ *yẹ̄l

Arghu:

Khalaj: yel (/jɛˑl/, /jeːl/)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: یل (yẹl), ییل

Azerbaijani: yel

Gagauz: el

Ottoman Turkish: یل (yel), ییل

Turkish: yel

Salar: yel

Turkmen: ýel

Karluk:

Karakhanid: یَلْ (yel)

Chagatai: ییل (yel)

Uyghur: يەل (yel)

Uzbek: yel

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: җил (cil), cil

Bashkir: ел (yel)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: yel, ель

Karachay-Balkar: жел (jel), джел (cel)

Karaim: йэль

Kumyk: ел (yel)

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: жел (jel)

Nogai: ел (yel)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жел (jel)

Southern Altai: јел (ǰel)

Siberian:

desctree

Old Uyghur: 𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁 (yyyl /yél, yḗl, yiél/)
→⇒ Classical Mongolian: ᠳᠡᠯᠢ
ᠰᠤᠯᠠ (deli sula, “worthless, unnecessary”)
→⇒? Mongolian: дэл (del, “mane”)
Western Yugur: jel (yel, “wind”)
⇒ Western Yugur: jelə (yelï, “horse mane”)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas: чил (çil)

Unknown. Possibly related to Old Uyghur 𐰘𐰃𐰠 (y²il², “mane”) and Karakhanid یَلِغْ (yalïğ, “comb of a rooster”).


bāg

bāg (nominative singular)
bāgïg (accusative singular)
bāgnï (accusative singular)
bāgnïŋ (genitive singular)
bāgka (dative singular)
bāgda (locative singular)
bāgdan (ablative singular)
bāggaru (allative singular)
bāgïn (instrumental singular)
bāgča (equative singular)
bāglayu (singular)
bāglïgu (comitative singular)

Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: bağ

Turkish: bağ

Turkmen: bag

Kipchak:

North Kipchak

Bashkir: бау (baw), бәй (bəy)

South Kipchak

Kazakh: бау (bau)

Nogai: бав (bav)

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: боо (boo)

Southern Altai: буу (buu)

Siberian Turkic:

North Siberian

Yakut: баай (baay)

South Siberian

Khakas: пағ (pağ)

Shor: пағ

desc

Northern Altai: баг (bag), паг (pag), пу (pu)


īŕ

īŕ (nominative singular)
īŕig (accusative singular)
īŕni (accusative singular)
īŕniŋ (genitive singular)
īŕke (dative singular)
īŕde (locative singular)
īŕden (ablative singular)
īŕgerü (allative singular)
īŕin (instrumental singular)
īŕče (equative singular)
īŕleyü (singular)
īŕligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: йӑр (jăr)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: iz

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: iz

Gagauz: yiz

Turkmen: yz (y:z)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (iz)

Uzbek: iz

Uyghur: ئىز (iz)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: эҙ (eź)

Tatar: эз (ez)

East Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: iz

Kumyk: гьыз (hız)

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (ız)

Karaim: [script needed] (ız)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: iz

Kazakh: із (ız)

Nogai: [script needed] (iz)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: из (iz)

Southern Altai: [script needed] (is)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (iz)

Western Yugur: is

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: ис (is)

Yenisei:

Khakas:


ātag

ātag (nominative singular)
ātagïg (accusative singular)
ātagnï (accusative singular)
ātagnïŋ (genitive singular)
ātagka (dative singular)
ātagda (locative singular)
ātagdan (ablative singular)
ātaggaru (allative singular)
ātagïn (instrumental singular)
ātagča (equative singular)
ātaglayu (singular)
ātaglïgu (comitative singular)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: ada

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: آطه (ada), آدا (ada)
Turkish: ada
→ Northern Kurdish: ada
→ Zazaki: ada
Gagauz: ada
→ Albanian: adë
→ Armenian: ատա (ata)
→ Crimean Tatar: ada
→ Ladino: adá
→ Laz: ადა (ada)
→ Macedonian: ада (ada)
→ Serbo-Croatian: ada
→ Ubykh: ада (ada)

Turkmen: āda

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: атау (ataw)

Cuman-Kipchak: atov

Kumyk: атав (ataw)

→ Chuvash: утӑ (ut̬ă)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: атау (atau) (dialectal)

Karakalpak: ataw


topïk

topïk (nominative singular)
topïklar (nominative plural)
topïknïŋ (genitive singular)
topïklarnïŋ (genitive plural)
topïkka (dative singular)
topïklarka (dative plural)
topïkta (locative singular)
topïklarda (locative plural)
topïktan (ablative singular)
topïklardan (ablative plural)
topïklarïn (instrumental plural)
topïkča (equative singular)
topïklarča (equative plural)

→ Proto-Mongolic: *toyig

Mongolian: тойг (tojg, “kneecap”)

Buryat: тойн (tojn, “kneecap”)

Kalmyk: төң (töñ, “kneecap”)

⇒ Proto-Mongolic: *tobkai

desc

Mongolian: туухай (tuuxaj, “a face of an anklebone”)

⇒ Mongolian: туухуу (tuuxuu, “knee-covering, knee warmer”)

→ Manchu: ᡨᠣᠪᡤᡳᡟᠠ (tobgiya, “knee”)

Arghu:

Khalaj: topuq

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: topuq

Ottoman Turkish: طوپوق (topuk)

Turkish: topuk (“heel bone”)

Turkmen: topuk

Karluk:

Karakhanid: تُبِقْ (topık, “small ball, pellet; ankle bone”)

Uzbek: topiq

Uyghur: توپۇق (topuq, “kneecap; patella”)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: тубыҡ (tubıq)

Tatar: тубык (tubıq)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar:

Kumyk: тобукъ (tobuq)

Karachay-Balkar: тобукъ (tobuq)

Karaim: [script needed] (tobuq)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: tobiʻq

Kazakh: тобық (tobyq)

Nogai: [script needed] (tobıq)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: томук (tomuk)

Southern Altai: томук (tomuk), тобук (tobuk)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: тобук (tobuk)

Dolgan: тобук

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: довук (dovuk)

Tofa: [script needed] (to'puq)

Yenisei:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (topïq)

Khakas: томых (tomıx, “kneecap”)

Western Yugur: tōq

From *top (“round thing”) + *-ik (diminutive suffix).
The Turkic intervocalic -p- has been changed to intervocalic hiatus in borrowings of Mongolic, to make it suitable for Mongolic phonetics


kapïrčak

kapïrčak (nominative singular)
kapïrčakïg (accusative singular)
kapïrčaknï (accusative singular)
kapïrčaknïŋ (genitive singular)
kapïrčakka (dative singular)
kapïrčakda (locative singular)
kapïrčakdan (ablative singular)
kapïrčakgaru (allative singular)
kapïrčakïn (instrumental singular)
kapïrčakča (equative singular)
kapïrčaklayu (singular)
kapïrčaklïgu (comitative singular)
*kapsa (alternative)

Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk
az:Ağamusa Axundov
tr:Besim Atalay

Oghur:

→ Hungarian: koporsó

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

desc

qapsağ<t:garden gate><qq:dialect in Quba>

Azerbaijani: qapsağ (“garden gate”) (dialect in Quba)

Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (qapurçaq, “parfume box, chest, case”)

kapurcak<t:wooden box><qq:dialectal, Edirne, Çanakkale>

kapıncak<t:wooden box><qq:dialectal, Tekirdağ, Istanbul (European side)>

kapsa<t:basket, box><qq:dialectal, İzmir, Aydın, Manisa, Kütahya, Sivas, Giresun>

kapsa<t:garden gate><qq:dialectal, Balıkesir, Mersin, Konya, Antalya, Çanakkale>

kapsa<t:shelter; garden gate><qq:dialectal, Malatya>

Turkish: kabırcak (“coffin”) (dialectal, Uşak, Kütahya), kapurcak (“wooden box”) (dialectal, Edirne, Çanakkale), kapıncak (“wooden box”) (dialectal, Tekirdağ, Istanbul (European side)), kapsa (“basket, box”) (dialectal, İzmir, Aydın, Manisa, Kütahya, Sivas, Giresun), kapsa (“garden gate”) (dialectal, Balıkesir, Mersin, Konya, Antalya, Çanakkale), kapsa (“shelter; garden gate”) (dialectal, Malatya), kapsak (“garden gate”) (dialectal, Aydın)

Turkmen: gapyrjak (“box”), gabsa (“wooden gate”)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: قَبِرْجاقْ (qapırčāq)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡабырсаҡ (qabırsaq, “seashell”)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: қабыршақ (qabyrşaq, “shell”)

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: кабырчак (kabïrčak, “shell”)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur:

North Siberian:

Yakut: куорчах (kuorcaq, “dugout coffin; protective frame for the coffin”)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: [script needed] (xaarjak, “box, case; coffin”)

Yenisei:

Khakas: харачах (xaraçax, “box, case, chest”), харчах (xarçax) (perhaps from Mongolic)

From *kapïŕ (“coffin”) + *-čak (“diminutive suffix”), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kap-. Also related to Old Uyghur [script needed] (qapız, “coffin”), Chagatai [script needed] (qapuzağ, “bark of a tree”). Compare also Proto-Mongolic *kayircag, *kaxurcag (“small box, chest”), Proto-Tungusic *kapsa (“box; bag; delved boat”). The Siberian Turkic languages reborrowed the word from its Mongolic form.


ïm

ïm (nominative singular)
ïmlar (nominative plural)
ïmnïŋ (genitive singular)
ïmlarnïŋ (genitive plural)
ïmka (dative singular)
ïmlarka (dative plural)
ïmda (locative singular)
ïmlarda (locative plural)
ïmdan (ablative singular)
ïmlardan (ablative plural)
ïmlarïn (instrumental plural)
ïmča (equative singular)
ïmlarča (equative plural)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: him

Ottoman Turkish: ام (im)

Turkish: im

Turkmen: üm

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اِمْ (im)

Uyghur: ئىم (im)

Uzbek: im

Kipchak:

Kipchak–Bulgar:

Bashkir: ым (ım)

Tatar: ым (ım)

Kipchak–Cuman:

Kumyk: юм (yum)

Kipchak–Nogai:

Karakalpak: iʼm

Kazakh: ым (ym)

Nogai: [script needed] (ım)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: ым (ım)

Southern Altai: [script needed] (um)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: [script needed] (im)

Dolgan: [script needed] (imneek)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: [script needed] (im)

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *(h)im (“sign”), Proto-Tungusic *pim (“sign”).