kara

Oghur:

Chuvash: хура (hura)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: qara

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qara

Ottoman Turkish: قره (kara)

Gagauz: kara

Turkish: kara
→ Adyghe: къарэ (qarɛ)

Salar: gara

Turkmen: gara

Karluk:

Karakhanid: قَرا (kara)

Chagatai: كارا (kara)

Ili Turki: qara

Uyghur: قارا (qara)

Uzbek: qora

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡара (qara)

Tatar: кара (qara)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кара (kara)

Southern Altai: кара (kara)

South Kipchak:

Nogai: кара (kara)

Kazakh: қара (qara)

Karakalpak: qara

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: qara

Karachay-Balkar: къара (qara)

Kumyk: къара (qara)

Karaim: [script needed] (qara)

Siberian:

Yenisei Kyrgyz [Term?] (qara)

Old Turkic: 𐰴𐰺𐰀 (kara)

Old Uyghur: 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽾𐽰 (kara)

North Siberian:

desc

Yakut: хара (qara, “black”), хараҥа (qaraña, “dark”)

Dolgan: кара

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: кара (kara)

Shor: ӄара

Yenisei:

Shor: қара (qara)

Khakas: хара (xara)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (gara)

Northern Altai: кара (kara), къара (qara) (Qumandy)

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *kara (“black”), Proto-Japonic *kuro, however, the Altaic hypothesis is not accepted by many scholars.
May be related to Khitan 黑 (kara, “west”) since colors indicate direction in Turkic mythology.


bol

Oghur:

Chuvash: пÿллĕ (pÿllĕ)

Common Turkic: *bol

Oghuz:

Proto-Oghuz: *bol

Old Anatolian Turkish: بول (bol)

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: بول (bol)
Gagauz: bol
Turkish: bol
→ Greek: μπόλικος (bólikos)

Turkmen: bol

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بولْ (bol), مولْ (mol)

Khorezmian Turkic:

Chagatai: مول (mol)

Uzbek: moʻl

Uyghur: مول (mol)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: مول (mol)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: мул (mul)

Tatar: мул (mul)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: мол (mol)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: мол (mol)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: мол (mol)


yum

Akin to Proto-Tungusic *ǯem-(-ia-) (“orbed, spherical”).


āk

Oghuz: ااقْ (āq)

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: ağ

Ottoman Turkish: آق (ak)

Gagauz: ak, aarmaa

Turkish: ak, ağarmak

Salar: aq

Turkmen: āk (āg-)

Karluk:

Chagatai:

Uzbek: oq

Uyghur: ئاق (aq)

Kipchak:

Western Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: акъ (aq)

Krymchak: ах

Kumyk: акъ (aq)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: аҡ (aq)

Tatar: ак (aq)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: aq

Kazakh: ақ (aq)

Nogai: ак (ak)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: ак (ak)

Southern Altai: ак (ak)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰀𐰴 (āq)

Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽰𐽵𐾄

Western Yugur: aq

North Siberian:

Yakut: ак (ak)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tofa: аӄ

Tuvan: ак (ak)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: ах (ax)

Shor: ақ


közel

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: گُزَل

Azerbaijani: gözəl

Ottoman Turkish: گوزل

Turkish: güzel

Turkmen: gözel

Karluk:

Uyghur: گۈزەل (güzel)

Uzbek: goʻzal

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: гёзел (gözel)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: көзөл (közöl)

desc

Southern Altai: кӱзел (küzel, “dear, native”)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: көзел (közel)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: көзөл (közöl)


bek

Common Turkic: *bek

Arghu:

Khalaj: bək

Oghuz:

Proto-Oghuz: *bek

Old Anatolian Turkish: بك, پك

Azerbaijani: pək

Ottoman Turkish: پك (pek), بك (bek)

Turkish: pek

Turkmen: berk, bek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بِكْ (bék)

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (bek)

Chagatai: بك (bek)

Uyghur: بەك (bek)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: بك (bäk)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: бик (bik)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: бек (bek)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: бек (bek)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: бек (bek)

Southern Altai: бек (bek)

Siberian Turkic:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (bek)

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *bekle-

Oghuz: بَكْلَنْماكْ (beklenmēk, “to indurate”), بَكْلَشْماكْ (bekleşmēk, “to make a pact”)

Old Anatolian Turkish: بكلهمك (“to hide; to conserve”)

Azerbaijani: bəkləmək (“to conserve; to watch”)

Ottoman Turkish: بكلمك

Gagauz: beklemää

Turkish: beklemek (“to wait; to conserve, watch; to expect”), beklenmek, bekleşmek

Salar: beklegüsi

Turkmen: beklemek (“to lock; to attach, to link”), beklenmek, bekleşmek


kapkara

Oghur:

Chuvash: хуп-хура (hup-hura)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qapqara

Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (kapkara)

Gagauz: kapkara

Turkish: kapkara

Turkmen: gap-gara

Salar:

Karluk:

Karakhanid:

Chagatai:

Uyghur: قاپقارا (qapqara)

Uzbek: qop-qora

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡап-ҡара (qap-qara)

Tatar: кап-кара (qap-qara)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: qapqara

Kumyk: къап-къара (qap-qara)

Karachay-Balkar: къап-къара (qap-qara)

Karaim:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Nogai: кап-кара (kap-kara)

Kazakh: қап-қара (qap-qara)

Karakalpak: qap-qara

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кап-кара (kap-kara)

Southern Altai: кап-кара (kap-kara)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur:

North Siberian:

Yakut: хап-хара (qap-qara)

Dolgan:

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: кап-кара (kap-kara)

Shor:

Yenisei:

Shor:

Khakas:

Western Yugur:


bütün

Oghur:

Chuvash: пӗтӗм (pĕt̬ĕm)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: bütün

Ottoman Turkish: بتون (bütün)

Turkish: bütün

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: bütin

Karluk:

Uyghur: پۈتۈن (pütün)

Uzbek: butun

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: бөтөн (bötön)

Tatar: бөтен (böten)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: bütün

Karachay-Balkar: бютеу (büteu)

Kumyk: бютюн (bütün)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: бүтін (bütın)

Nogai: буьтуьн (bütün)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: бүтүн (bütün)

Southern Altai: бӱдӱн (büdün)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (bütün, “entire, integral; undamaged”)

North Siberian:

Yakut: бүттүүн (büttüün)

From Proto-Turkic *büt- (“to end, finish”) + *-ün.


yaman

Common Turkic: *yaman

Oghuz:

Proto-Oghuz: *yaman

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (yaman)

Azerbaijani: yaman

Ottoman Turkish: يامان (yaman)

Turkish: yaman

East Oghuz:

Salar: yaman

Turkmen: ýaman

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yaman)

Chagatai: يمان (yaman)

Uzbek: yomon

Uyghur: يامان (yaman)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: яман (yaman)

Tatar: яман (yaman)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: yaman

Karachay-Balkar: аман (aman)

Kumyk: яман (yaman)

South Kipchak:

Kayapa Kallahan: жаман (jaman)

Kazakh: жаман (jaman)

Nogai: яман (yaman)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жаман (jaman)

Southern Altai: јаман (ǰaman)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yaman)

Northern Altai: ньаман (nʹaman)

If from earlier *yabman, then can be analyzable as *yab- + *-man.


yōk

Oghur:

Old Chuvash: *śåχ

Middle Chuvash: *śåχ

Viryal: ҫок (śok)

Anatri: ҫук (śuk)

Common Turkic: *yōk

Arghu:

Khalaj: yôq

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yox

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: یوق (yok)
Gagauz: yok
Turkish: yok (yoğ-)
→ Macedonian: јок (jok)
→ Romanian: ioc
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: јок
Latin script: jok

Salar: yox

Turkmen: ýōk (ýōg-)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: یُوقْ (yōq)

Chagatai: يوق (yoq)

Uyghur: يوق (yoq)

Uzbek: yo'q

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: юҡ (yuq)

Tatar: юк (yuk)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: ёкъ (yoq)

Karachay-Balkar: джокъ (coq)

Crimean Tatar: yoq

South Kipchak:

Kipchak-Nogai:

Karakalpak: joq

Kazakh: жоқ (joq)

Nogai: йок (yok)

Eastern Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жок (jok)

Southern Altai: јок (ǰok)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰸 (yoq)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yok)

Western Yugur: ǯoq

North Siberian:

Yakut: суох (suoq)

Dolgan: һуок (huok)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: чох (çox)

Shor: чок

Sayan Turkic:

Tofa: чоӄ (çoq)

Tuvan: чок (çok)

Likely from *yō- (“to destroy”) + *-k, compare *yōd- (“to destroy”) from the same hypothetical root.


edgü

Oghur:

Chuvash: ырӑ (yră, “good”)

Common Turkic:

Medieval:

desc

Karakhanid: اَذْكُو (eδgǖ), [script needed] (eygü), [script needed] (ezgü)

Khorezmian: [script needed] (eδgü), [script needed] (eygü)

→ Turki:

→ Bashkir: изге (izge)

→ Kazakh: ізгі (ızgı)

→ Tatar: изге (izge)

→ Uyghur: ئەزگۇ (ezgu)

→ Uzbek: ezgu

Kipchak:

Kipchak: [script needed] (eygi)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: эйе (eye, “yes”), иге (ige, “good”)

Tatar: иге (ige)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: игі (igı)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: ийги (iygi)

Southern Altai: эйе (eye, “yes”)

Proto-Oghuz: *eyɣü

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (eygü)

Azerbaijani: eyi

Ottoman Turkish: ایو (eyü)

Turkish: iyi

Turkmen: eýgilik

East Oghuz:

Salar: ī

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Turkic: 𐰓𐰏𐰇 (edgü)

Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽳 (edgü)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: үтүө (ütüö)

Yakut: үтүө (ütüö)

South Siberian:

Tuvan: эки (eki, “good”)


kïŕïl

Oghur:

Chuvash: хӗрлӗ (hĕrlĕ)

Common Turkic:

Aghu:

Khalaj: qızıl

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qızıl

Ottoman Turkish: قزل (qızıl)

Gagauz: kızıl

Turkish: kızıl

Salar: gızıl, gızil

Turkmen: gyzyl

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (qïzïl)

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (qızıl)

Chagatai: قزل (qizil)

Uzbek: qizil

Uyghur: قىزىل (qizil)

Kipchak: قزل (qızıl)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: qızıl

Karachay-Balkar: къызыл (qızıl)

Karaim: qızıl

Kumyk: къызыл (qızıl)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡыҙыл (qıźıl)

Tatar: кызыл (qızıl)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: қызыл (qyzyl)

Karakalpak: qızıl

Nogai кызыл (kızıl)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кызыл (kızıl)

Southern Altai: кызыл (kïzïl)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (qïzïl)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (qïzïl)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: кыһыл

Yakut: кыһыл (kıhıl)

South Siberian

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: кызыл (kızıl)

Tofa: ӄызыл (qïzïl)

Yenisei Turkic:

Chulym: қызыл (qïzïl)

Khakas: хызыл (xızıl)

Shor: қызыл

Northern Altai: кысыл (kïsïl), кызыл (kïzïl)

From *kï̄ŕ- (“to redden”) with secondary shortening or from the homophonous word *kï̄ŕ with similar development found in *yāĺïl (“green”) < *yāĺ (“young vegetables”).


kẹntü

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (kendü)

Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (kendü)

Proto-Oghuz: *gendü

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: كندو (gändü)

Azerbaijani: gəndi (dialectal)

Ottoman Turkish: كندو (kendü)

Turkish: kendi

Gagauz: kendi

Karluk:

Karakhanid: كَنْدُو (kendǖ)

Siberian Turkic:

Old Turkic: 𐰚𐰦𐰇 (kentü)

Old Uyghur: k՚ntw (kentü)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: гини (gini)

Yakut: кини (kini)


yāĺ

Relation to above etymology is unclear.
EDAL separates the senses young and fresh by etymology, and compares them to Proto-Mongolic *jala-xu (“young”) and *nïla-xun (“raw”) respectively.
Nugteren also mentions *nïlka (“baby”) as a potential cognate.


sarïg

→? Proto-Mongolic: *sïra

Oghur: *sārïg

Chuvash: шурӑ (šură)

→ Hungarian: sárga

→ Bulgarian: шарен (šaren)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: sâruğ

Oghuz: *sārïg

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: sarı

Ottoman Turkish: صاری (sarı)

Gagauz: sarı, saarı

Turkish: sarı

Salar: sarı

Turkmen: sāry

Karluk:

Karakhanid: سَرِغْ (sarïɣ)

سارِغْ جُوُتْ

⇒ Karakhanid: سارِغْ جُوُتْ (sa:rïg çüwüt, “yellow paint, dye”)

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (ṣarïɣ)

Chagatai: [script needed] (sarïɣ), [script needed] (sarïq)

Uzbek: sariq

Uyghur: سېرىق (sëriq)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: [script needed] (sarï)

Mamluk-Kipchak: [Arabic needed] (ṣārū), [Arabic needed] (ṣārï̄)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: sarı

Karachay-Balkar: сары (sarı)

Kumyk: сари (sari)

Karaim: [script needed] (sarı)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һары (harı)

Tatar: сары (sarı)

→ Chuvash: сарӑ (sară)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: сары (sary)

Karakalpak: sarı

Nogai: сары (sarı)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: сары (sarı)

Southern Altai: сары (sarï)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰽𐰺𐰍 (sarïg)

Old Uyghur: 𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽵 (sarïg)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (sarïɣ)

North Siberian:

Yakut: араҕас (arağas), арыы (arıı, “butter”)

Dolgan: арыы (“butter”)

South Siberian:

Yenisei Turkic:

Chulym: сарығ (sarïɣ)

Khakas: сарығ (sarığ)

Shor: сарыг

Sayan Turkic:

Tofa: сарығ

Tuvan: сарыг (sarıg)

Derivation from Proto-Turkic *siaŕ(ï)- (“to become white, yellow”) + *-g. Khalaj and Turkmen forms point to -/ā/-.
Compared to Proto-Mongolic *sïra (“yellow”) (Mongolian шар (šar, “yellow”)), Proto-Japonic *siro (“white”).


yalïŋ

yalïŋ (nominative singular)
yalïŋïg (accusative singular)
yalïŋnï (accusative singular)
yalïŋnïŋ (genitive singular)
yalïŋka (dative singular)
yalïŋda (locative singular)
yalïŋdan (ablative singular)
yalïŋgaru (allative singular)
yalïŋïn (instrumental singular)
yalïŋča (equative singular)
yalïŋlayu (singular)
yalïŋlïgu (comitative singular)

Common Turkic: *yalïŋ

Oghuz:

Western Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yalın

Ottoman Turkish: یالیڭ (yalıñ)

Turkish: yalın

Eastern Oghuz:

Turkmen: ýalaň

Karluk:

Karakhanid: یَالِنكْ (yalıŋ)

desc

Chagatai: یالینگ (yalıŋ), یالانگ (yalaŋ)

Uyghur: يالاڭ (yalang)

Uzbek: yalang

Kipchak:

Kipchak–Nogai:

Kazakh: жалаң (jalañ)

Nogai: ялан (yalan)

Kyrgyz–Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жалаң (jalaŋ)

Kipchak–Bulgar:

Tatar: ялан (yalan)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰞𐰭 (y¹l¹ŋ)

From *yal- (“to be stripped”) + *-ïŋ (cf. *yalïn- (“to strip”), *yalïm (“bare”)).

(Common Turkic, figurative) alone, lonely


birinči

Oghur:

Chuvash: пӗншӗ (pĕnš̬ĕ), пӗрремӗш (pĕrremĕš)

Common Turkic: *birinči

Proto-Oghuz: *birinci

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (birinci)

Azerbaijani: birinci

Ottoman Turkish: برنجی (birinci)

Gagauz: birinci

Turkish: birinci

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: birinji

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بِرِنْجِ (birinči)

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (birinči)

Chagatai: برنچی (birinči)

Uzbek: birinchi

Uyghur: بىرىنچى (birinchi)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: برنچی (birinçi)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: беренсе (berense)

Tatar: беренче (berençe)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: birinci

Karachay-Balkar: биринчи (birinçi)

Kumyk: биринчи (birinçi)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: бірінші (bırınşı)

Karakalpak: birinshi

Nogai: биринши (birinşi)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: биринчи (birinci)

Southern Altai: биринчи (birinči)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur:

Western Yugur: [script needed] (pirinçi)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: биирис

Yakut: биирис (biiris)

South Siberian:

Yenisei

Khakas: пірінӌі (pìrìncì)

Shor: пиринчи

Shor: пиринчи

From *bīr (“one”) + *-inči (ordinal forming suffix).


āl

Old Turkic: 𐰞 (āl)

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: al

→ Persian: آل

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: آل (al)
Turkish: al
→ Albanian: all
→ Armenian: ալ (al)
→⇒ Greek: άλικος (álikos, “crimson”)
→ Persian: آل (âl)

Gagauz: al

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: āl

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ал (al)

Tatar: ал (al)

Siberian:

desc

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (al, “bright red”)

→ Mongolian: ал (al)

→ Russian: алый (alyj)

Compared with Proto-Mongolic *hulaxan (“red”), Proto-Tungusic *pula (“red”)


kȫk

Compare Proto-Mongolic *köke (“blue, green”), Proto-Tungusic *kuku (“blue”).


yaŋï

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫӗнӗ (śĕnĕ)

Common Turkic: *yaŋï, *yeŋi:

Arghu:

Khalaj: yəngi

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yeni

Ottoman Turkish: یڭی (yeñi)

Gagauz: yeni

Turkish: yeni

Turkmen: ýaňy (“just, recently”)

Salar: yañı

Karluk:

Uzbek: yangi

Uyghur: يېڭى (yë'ngi)

Kipchak:

West-Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: yañı

Kumyk: янгы (yañı)

Karaim: йангъы

Karachay-Balkar: джангы (cañı)

Krymchak: йенгы

Urum: йаны

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: яңы (yañı)

Tatar: яңа (yaña)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: жаңа (jaña)

Karakalpak: жаңа / jaña

Nogai: янъы (yañı)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жаңы (jaŋı)

Southern Altai: јаҥы (ǰaŋï)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰭𐰃 (yaŋï)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yaŋï)

Western Yugur: yaŋï

North Siberian:

Yakut: саҥа (saña)

Dolgan: һаӈа

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: чаа (çaa)

Tofa: няа

Yenisei:

Shor: наа

Khakas: наа (naa)

Potentially from *yan- (“to return, to come back”) + *-ki, literally "the one that has returned, that has renewed", compare *yana (“again”) and *yaŋïdan (“again”).


yāĺïl

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫулҫӑ (śulś̬ă, “leaf”)

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (jašɨl)

Arghu:

Khalaj: yâşıl

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: yaşıl

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: یشیل (yeşil), یشل (yeşil), եէշիլ (yeşil) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: yeşil
→ Albanian: jeshil

Gagauz: eşil

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: ýaşyl

Kipchak: یاشل (yaşil)
West Kipchak:
Crimean Tatar: yeşil
Krymchak: йешыль
North Kipchak:
Bashkir: йәшел (yəşel)
Tatar: яшел (yaşel)
→ Chuvash: ешӗл (eš̬ĕl)
South Kipchak:
Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
Kyrgyz: жашыл (jaşıl)
Southern Altai: јажыл (ǰažïl)
Kipchak-Nogai:
Kazakh: жасыл (jasyl)
Nogai: ясыл (yasıl)

Karluk:

Chagatai: یاشیل (yaşil)

Uzbek: yashil

Uyghur: يېشىل (yëshil)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: саһыл (sahıl)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Yenisei Turkic:

Shor: чажыл

Derived from Proto-Turkic *yāĺ (“green, vegetable”).


boĺ

Oghur:

⇒? Hungarian: búcsú (“farewell”)

>? Hungarian: *bocs- ('to excuse, forgive')

⇒ Hungarian: bocsánik

⇒ Hungarian: bocsánat

Common Turkic: *boš, *bōš, *poš (according to Ščerbak)

Arghu:

Khalaj: bôş

Oghuz:

Proto-Oghuz: *boš

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (boş)

Azerbaijani: boş
→ Lezgi: буш (buš)

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: بوش (boş)
Gagauz: boş
Turkish: boş
→ Albanian: bosh
→ Arabic: بوش (bōš) (in the dialects of Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Yemen, Tunisia)
→ Armenian: բոշ (boš)
→ English: bosh
→ Macedonian: бош (boš)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: бо̏ш
Latin script: bȍš

Turkmen: boş

Karluk

Karakhanid: بُشْ (boš), بُوشْ (boš)

desc

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (boš)

Chagatai: بوش (boš)

Uzbek: boʻsh

Uyghur: بوش (bosh)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: بش (boš)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: буш (buş)

Tatar: буш (buş)

q

→ Chuvash: пушӑ (puš̬ă) (unless the Proto-Turkic form really had a final vowel, in which case inherited directly thence)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: boş

Karachay-Balkar: бош (boş)

Krymchak: бош (boş)

Kumyk: бош (boş)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: бос (bos)

Karakalpak: бос

Nogai: бос (bos)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: бош (boş)

Southern Altai: бош (boš)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (boš)

North Siberian

Yakut: босхо (bosqo)
Dolgan: боско

South Siberian

Sayan:

Tuvan: бош (boş)

Yenisei

Shor: пош


yīnčge

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫинҫе (śinś̬e)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: incə

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: اینچه (ince)
Gagauz: incä
Turkish: ince
→ Crimean Tatar: ince

Turkmen: īnçe

>? Salar: leşgi, nişge (Mengda dial.)

→ Kumyk: инче (inçe)

Karluk:

Uyghur: ئىنچىكە (inchike)

Uzbek: ingichka

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: нескә (neskə)

Tatar: нечкә (neçkä)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: ичке (icke)

Southern Altai: чичке (čičke)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: жиңишке

Kazakh: жіңішке (jıñışke)

Nogai: йинъишке (yiñişke)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: ингичке (iñiçke)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

desc

Dolgan: һинньигэс

Dolgan: һинньигэс

Yakut: синньигэс (sinnyiges)

South Siberian:

Tuvan: чинге (çinge)

From *yīnč- + *-ge, the root word is not attested but the derivatives *yīnčür- and perhaps *yīnčük are found.


tïgïŕ

Oghur: *tïgïr

Chuvash: тӑвӑр (tăvăr)

Common Turkic: *tïgïz, *tïkïz

Oghuz: *tïkïz

Old Anatolian Turkish:

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: طیقیز (tıkız)
Turkish: tıkız
→ Armenian: թըխըզ (tʻəxəz)

Turkmen: dykyz

Karluk:

Uzbek: tig'iz

Kipchak: *tïkïz

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: тығыҙ (tığıź)

Tatar: тыгыз (tığız)

→ Chuvash: тӑкӑс (tăk̬ăs)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: тыгъыс (tığıs)

⇒ Karachay-Balkar: тыгъырыкъ (tığırıq)

Crimean Tatar: tığız

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: тыгыз (tıgız)

Southern Altai: туус (tuus)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: тығыз

Kazakh: тығыз (tyğyz)

Nogai: тыгыз (tıgız)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: тыйыс (tıyıs)

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *tïgrak
Siberian:
Old Turkic: [script needed] (tïğraq)
Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tïğraq)
Karluk:
Karakhanid: تِغْراقْ (tïğrāq)
→ Proto-Mongolic: *čixirag

From Proto-Turkic *tïg- (“to blunt”) + *-ïŕ. Oghuz and Kipchak point the stem Proto-Turkic *tïk- (“to stuff”), whence *tïkïz. *tïgïz would be *tïgïz in Oghuz and *tïwïz in Kipchak.


tüŕ

Oghur

Chuvash: тӳрӗ (türĕ)

Common Turkic: *tüz

Oghuz

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: düz

Ottoman Turkish: دوز (düz), տիւզ (düz) — Armeno-Turkish
Gagauz: düz
Turkish: düz
→ Armenian: դուզ (duz)

Turkmen: düz

Salar: düz

Karluk

Karakhanid: تُوزْ (tüz)

Chagatai: توز (tüz)

⇒ Uzbek: tuzmoq

Uyghur: تۈز (tüz)

Kipchak

North Kipchak

Bashkir: төҙ (töź)

Tatar: төз (töz)

West Kipchak

Crimean Tatar: tüz

Kumyk: тюз (tüz)

Karachay-Balkar: тюз (tüz)

East Kipchak

Southern Altai: тӱс (tüs)

Kyrgyz: түз (tüz)

Teleut тӱс

South Kipchak

Karakalpak: дүзиў

Kazakh: түзу (tüzu)

Nogai: туьз (tüz)

Siberian

Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰇𐰔 (tüz)

South Siberian

Sayan

Tofa: дүс

Yenisei

Shor: тӱс

Khakas: тӱс (tüs)


koŋur

Oghur:

Chuvash: хӑмӑр (hămăr)

→ Hungarian: komor

Common Turkic: *koŋur

Proto-Oghuz: *goŋur

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qonur

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: konur, goğur (dialectal)

Gagauz: komur

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: goňur

Karluk:

Karakhanid: قُنکُرْ (qonğur)

Chagatai: قونغر (qonğur), قونقار (qonqar)

Uyghur: قۇڭۇر (qu'ngur)

Uzbek: qoʻngʻir

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡуңыр (quñır)

Tatar: коңгырт (qoñgırt)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: qoñur

Kumyk: къонгур (qoñur)

Karachay-Balkar: къонгур (qoñur)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: коңур (koŋur)

Southern Altai: коҥыр (koŋïr)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: қоңыр

Kazakh: қоңыр (qoñyr)

Nogai: конъыр (koñır)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur:

Western Yugur: qoŋïr

North Siberian:

Yakut: хоҥор (qoñor)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: һоор

Tuvan: хоор (xoor)

Yenisei:

Khakas: хоор (xoor)

Akin to Proto-Tungusic *konŋa- (“black”), compare Evenki конңорин (“black”).


yȫn

Oghur:

Old Chuvash *ɕön, *ɕən

desc

Western Mari: [script needed] (sən, “luck/happiness; usefulness”), ⇒ [script needed] (sənän, “good, useful”)

Common Turkic: *yȫn

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yön

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: یوڭ (yöñ), یوڭ (yüñ), یون (yün)
Turkish: yük
→ North Levantine Arabic: يوك (yūk)

Turkish: yön

⇒ Turkmen: ýȫne (“simply”); ⇒ ýȫnelmek (“to head”); ⇒ ýȫnekeý (“crude, simple”)

Karluk:

⇒ Uzbek: yoʻnalmoq (“to head”), joʻn

desc

⇒ Uyghur: يۆنەلمەك (yönelmek, “to head”), جۆن (jön, “of poor quality; useful”)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

⇒ йүнәлеш (yünəleş)

Bashkir: йүн (yün), ⇒ йүнәлеш (yünəleş)

Tatar: җүн (cün)

→ Chuvash: йӳнӗ (jünĕ, “cheap”)

→ Eastern Mari: йӧн (jön)

West Kipchak:

⇒ Crimean Tatar: yönemek

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жөн (jön)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: jón

Kazakh: жөн (jön)


kēnč

kēnč (nominative singular)
kēnčig (accusative singular)
kēnčni (accusative singular)
kēnčniŋ (genitive singular)
kēnčke (dative singular)
kēnčde (locative singular)
kēnčden (ablative singular)
kēnčgerü (allative singular)
kēnčin (instrumental singular)
kēnčče (equative singular)
kēnčleyü (singular)
kēnčligü (comitative singular)

Common Turkic: *kēnč:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: gənc

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: گنج
Gagauz: genç
Turkish: genç
→ Crimean Tatar: genç
→ Middle Armenian: կէնճ (kēnč)
Armenian: կենճ (kenč), գ^յա̈նջ (gʸänǰ) — Van, dialectological notation, կանճ (kanč), կէնճ (kēnč) — traditional orthography

Karluk:

Karakhanid: کانْجْ (kēnč)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (kenč)

→ Proto-Mongolic: *kenje

Middle Mongol: ᠬᠡᠨᠵᠡ (kenǰe):

Buryat: хэнзэ (xenze)

desc

Kalmyk: кенз (kenz, “autumn-born small livestock; autumn grass”)

Mongolian: хэнз (xenz, “late-grown crop; animal born late in the season”)

→ Bashkir: кинйә (kinyə)

→ Kumyk: генже (genje)

→ Kazakh: кенже (kenje)

→ Kyrgyz: кенже (kenje)

→ Southern Altai: кенје (kenǰe)

→ Tatar: кинцә (kintsä) (dialectal)

→ Tuvan: хенче (xençe, “autumn-born small livestock”)

→ Chagatai: کنجه (kenje, “child born to an aged father; child in general”)

Uyghur: كەنجە (kenje, “youngster”)

Uzbek: kenja (“youngest child”)

→ Tajik: кенҷа (kenja, “youngest child”)

→ Yagnobi: [script needed] (kenǰá, kanǰá), ⇒ [script needed] (kenǰagí)

→ Manchu: ᡴᡝᠨᠵᡝ (kenje, “frail, tiny, small”)


ürüŋ

Arghu:

Khalaj: hürün

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish:

ürün<t:milk and milk products; dairy product><qq:dialectal>

Turkish: ürün (“milk and milk products; dairy product”) (dialectal)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اُرُنْكْ (ürüŋ)

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: үрүң-бараң (ürüŋ-baraŋ, “dawn”)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰇𐰼𐰭 (ürüŋ)

Old Uyghur: 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷 (yürüŋ)

North Siberian:

Yakut: үрүҥ (ürüñ)

Dolgan: үрүҥ


boŕ

Common Turkic: *boz

Oghuz:

Proto-Oghuz: *boz

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (boz)

Azerbaijani: boz

Ottoman Turkish: بوز (boz)

Gagauz: booz

Turkish: boz

→ Middle Armenian: պօզ (pōz)

Armenian: բոզ (boz)

→ Northern Kurdish: boz

Turkmen: boz

→ Georgian: ბოზი (bozi)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: بوز (boz)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: буҙ (buź)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: boz

Karachay-Balkar: боз (boz)

Kumyk: боз (boz)

South Kipchak:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: боз (boz)

Southern Altai: бос (bos)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بُوزْ (bo:z)

Khorezmian Turkic:

Chagatai: بوز (boz)

Uzbek: boʻz

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰉𐰆𐰔 (boz)

South Siberian

Northern Altai: пус (pus)

North Siberian:

Yakut: бороҥ (boroñ)


ẹk(k)inči

Oghur:

Bulgar: اكشِ (äkeşi)

Chuvash: иккӗмӗш (ikkĕmĕš)

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: ikinci

Ottoman Turkish: ایكینجی (ikinci)

Turkish: ikinci

East Oghuz

Turkmen: ikinji

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اِكِنْجْ (ikinč)

Chagatai:

Uyghur: ئىككىنچى (ikkinchi)

Uzbek: ikkinchi

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: икенче (ikençe)

Bashkir: икенсе (ikense)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: экинчи (ekinçi)

Kumyk: экинчи (ekinçi)

South Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: ekinshi

Kazakh: екінші (ekınşı)

Nogai: экинши (ékinşi)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: экинчи (ekinci)

Southern Altai: экинчи (ekinči)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Dolgan: иккис (ikkis)

Yakut: иккис (ikkis)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: ийиги (iyigi)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: ікінӌі (ìkìncì)

Shor: ийгинчи (iyginçi)

From *ẹk(k)i (“two”) + *-inči (ordinal forming suffix).


uŕak

Oghur:

Chuvash: вӑрах (vărah, “long (time)”)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: uzâq

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: uzaq

Ottoman Turkish: اوزاق (uzak)

Turkish: uzak

Salar: uzaq

Turkmen: uzak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اُزَقْ (uzaq)

Uzbek: uzoq

Uyghur: ئۇزاق (uzaq)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: uzaq

Karachay-Balkar: узакъ (uzaq)

Kumyk: узакъ (uzaq)

North Kipchak:

Tatar: озак (ozaq)

Bashkir: оҙаҡ (oźaq)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: uzaq

Kazakh: ұзақ (ūzaq)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: узак (uzak)

Southern Altai: узак (uzak)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Western Yugur: [script needed] (ozaq)

From Proto-Turkic *uŕa- (“to be taller; to be longer”) + *-k.
Akin to Proto-Turkic *uŕïn (“long”), Proto-Mongolic *ur-tu (“long”). Perhaps related to Proto-Koreanic *ora- (“late, long ago”).


kīčik

Oghur:

Chuvash: кăчăк (kăčăk)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qıcıq, gicik

Ottoman Turkish: كجك (kicik, gicik)

Turkish: gıcık, (regional) gicik

Turkmen: gyjyk

Karluk:

Uyghur: قىچىق (qichiq)

Uzbek: qichiq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: [script needed] (kiçüw)

Tatar: кытык (qıtıq)

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: кычы- (kïčï-)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

desc

Yakut: кыһый (kıhıy, “to scrape, to itch”)

South Siberian:

кижиргендирер

Tuvan: кижиргендирер (kijirgendirer, “tickle”) (from кижиир (kijiir, “to itch”))

From Proto-Turkic *kīči- (“to tickle”) + *-k. Perhaps akin to Proto-Mongolic *giji-ge (“tickle”).


yïlïg

Oghuz

West Oghuz

Azerbaijani: ilıq

Ottoman Turkish: ایلیق (ılık)

Turkish: ılık

East Oghuz

Turkmen: ýyly

Salar: yili

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yïlïɣ), [script needed] (ïlïɣ)

Chagatai: ایلیغ (ılığ)

Uzbek: iliq

Uyghur: ئىللىق (illiq)

Kipchak

North Kipchak

Bashkir: йылы (yılı)

Tatar: җылы (cılı)

West Kipchak

Crimean Tatar: ılıq

Karachay-Balkar: джылы (cılı)

Kumyk: йылы (yılı)

South Kipchak

South Kipchak

Nogai: йылы (yılı)

Karakalpak: жыллы

Kazakh: жылы (jyly)

Siberian Tatar: йылы (yılı)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жылуу (jıluu)

Southern Altai: јылу (ǰïlu)

Siberian

Old Turkic: [script needed] (yïlïɣ)

North Siberian:

Yakut: сылаас (sılaas)

South Siberian

Sayan Turkic

Tuvan: чылыг (çılıg)

Yenisei Turkic

Khakas: чылығ (çılığ)

Shor: чылығ (čïlïɣ)

Shor: чылығ (čïlïɣ)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (yilïɣ),

Northern Altai: чылыг (čïlïg), чылу (čïlu)

From Proto-Turkic *yïlï- (“to be warm”) + *-g.


bār

Oghur:

Chuvash: пур (pur)

Common Turkic: *bār

Arghu:

Khalaj: vâr

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: var

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: وار (var)
Turkish: var (pronunciation is va:r in var olmak, var etmek)
Gagauz: var

Salar: vār, bar (dial.)

Turkmen: bār

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (bar)

Chagatai:

Uyghur: بار (bar)

Uzbek: bor

Kipchak: *bar

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: бар (bar)

Tatar: бар (bar)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: bar

Karachay-Balkar: бар (bar)

Karaim: бар (bar)

Kumyk: бар (bar)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: bar

Kazakh: бар (bar)

Nogai: бар (bar)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: бар (bar)

Southern Altai: бар (bar)

⇒ Kipchak: *bārï

Kazakh: бәрі (bärı)

Kyrgyz: баары (baarı)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰉𐰺 (b¹r¹)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (bar)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (bar)

South Siberian:

Dolgan: баар

Yakut: баар (baar)

North Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tofa: бар (bar)

Tuvan: бар (bar)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: [script needed] (par)

Shor:


ōpur

Oghur:

Chuvash: вупӑр (vup̬ăr), вӑпӑр (văp̬ăr)

→? Proto-Slavic: *ǫpyrь (see there for further descendants)

Common Turkic: *obur:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Ottoman Turkish: اوبور (obur)

Turkish: obur

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: убыр (ubır)

Tatar: убыр (ubır)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: обур (obur)

Kumyk: обор (obor)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: обыр (obyr)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: обур (obur)


sogïk

Oghur:

Chuvash: сивӗ (sivĕ)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: sovuq

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: soyuq

Ottoman Turkish: صوغوق (soğuk)

Gagauz: souk

Turkish: soğuk

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: sowuk

Uyghur-Oghuz:

Salar: soq

Karluk:

Uzbek: sovuq

Uyghur: سوغۇق (soghuq)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak

Bashkir: һыуыҡ (hıwıq)

Tatar: суык (suwıq)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: suvuq

Karachay-Balkar: сууукъ (suuuq)

Kumyk: сувукъ (suwuq)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (suwıq)

Kazakh: суық (suyq)

Nogai: сувык (suvık)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: суук (suuk)

Southern Altai: соок (sook)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (soɣïq) (Old Uyghur)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: соок (sook)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: соох (soox)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (soq)


kerü

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: geri

Ottoman Turkish:

Gagauz: geeri

Turkish: geri

Karluk:

Karakhanid: كَرو (kerü)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: кире (kire)

Tatar: кире (kire)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: кери (keri, “away”)

Kumyk: [script needed] (geri)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: кері (kerı)

Karakalpak: keri

Nogai: кері

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кери (keri)

Southern Altai: кери (keri)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (kerü)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (kerü)


kalïŋ

Oghur:

Chuvash: хулӑн (hulăn)

Common Turkic: *kalïŋ

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qalın

Ottoman Turkish: قالن (kalın), قالین
Turkish: kalın
Gagauz: kalın

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: galyň

desc

Salar: [script needed] (xaloŋ), [script needed] (xalaŋ)

Karluk:

Uyghur: قېلىن (qëlin)

Uzbek: qalin

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: qalın

Karachay-Balkar: къалын (qalın)

Kumyk: къалын (qalın)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡалын (qalın)

Tatar: калын (qalın)

→ Russian: калым (kalym, “bride price”)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: қалың

Kazakh: қалың (qalyñ)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: калың (kalıŋ)

Southern Altai: калыҥ (kalïŋ)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur:

Western Yugur: qalïn

North Siberian:

Yakut: халыҥ (qalıñ)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas: халын (xalın)


semiŕ

Oghur:

Chuvash: самӑр (samăr, “fat”)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: səmiz, səmizmək (“to fatten”)

Ottoman Turkish: سمیز (semiz)

Turkish: semiz

Salar: semiz, simus

Turkmen: semiz

Karluk:

Karakhanid: سَمِزْ (semiz)

Khorezmian Turkic:

Chagatai:

Uzbek: semiz

Uyghur: سېمىز (sëmiz)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: semiz

Kumyk: семиз (semiz)

Karachay-Balkar: семиз (semiz)

Karaim: [script needed] (semiz)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һимеҙ (himeź)

Tatar: симез (simez)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: семіз (semız)

Karakalpak: semiz

Nogai: семиз (semiz)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: семиз (semiz)

Southern Altai: семис (semis)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (semiz)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (semiz)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: эмис

Yakut: эмис (emis)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: семис (semis)

Tofa: семис

Yenisei Turkic:

Chulym: семис

Shor: себис

Khakas: симiс (simis)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (semiz)

Northern Altai: севис (sevis), севиз (seviz), себис (sebis), себиз (sebiz)

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *sem-ci (“inner fat, fat on liver”), Proto-Tungusic *semesik (“inner fat”). Looking at the compared word in Mongolic, can be from *sem- + *-iŕ.


teriŋ

Oghur:

Chuvash: тарӑн (tarăn)

Common Turkic: *teriŋ

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: dərin

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: دریڭ (deriñ), درین (derin)
Turkish: derin
→ Laz: დერინი (derini)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: teren

Karachay-Balkar: терен (teren)

Kumyk: терен (teren)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: тәрән (tərən)

Tatar: тирән (tirän)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: терең (tereñ)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: терең (tereŋ)

Southern Altai: тереҥ (tereŋ)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: дириҥ (diriñ)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: дэреӈ

Tuvan: терең (tereñ)


āčïg

āčïg (nominative singular)
āčïgïg (accusative singular)
āčïgnï (accusative singular)
āčïgnïŋ (genitive singular)
āčïgka (dative singular)
āčïgda (locative singular)
āčïgdan (ablative singular)
āčïggaru (allative singular)
āčïgïn (instrumental singular)
āčïgča (equative singular)
āčïglayu (singular)
āčïglïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: йӳҫӗ (jüś̬ĕ)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: hâçığ

Oghuz:

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (acı)

Azerbaijani: acı

Ottoman Turkish: آجی (acı)

Gagauz: acı

Turkish: acı

Salar: acı

Turkmen: ājy

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اَجِغْ (ačïğ)

Uyghur: ئاچچىق (achchiq)

Uzbek: achchiq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: әсе (əse), асы (ası)

Tatar: ачы (açı)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: accı, aççı

Karachay-Balkar: ачы (açı)

Kumyk: аччы (aççı)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: ащы (aşy)

Nogai: ашшы (aşşı)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: ачуу (acuu)

Southern Altai: ачу (aču)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Dolgan: аһыы (ahıı)

Yakut: аһыы (ahıı)

From *āčï- (“to become bitter, sour”) + *-g.


yaruk

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yaruq, “light”)

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: yarıq

Karachay-Balkar: джарыкъ (carıq)

Kumyk: ярыкъ (yarıq)

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: жарық (jaryq)

Nogai: ярык (yarık)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: јарык (ǰarïk)

Kyrgyz: жарык (jarık)

Karluk:

Uyghur: يورۇق (yoruq)

Uzbek: yorugʻ

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: сырдык (sırdık)

South Siberian:

Yeniseian:

Khakas: чарых (çarıx)

Sayan:

Tuvan: чырык (çırık)


tēk

Oguz

Azerbaijani: tək

→ Armenian: թաք (tʻakʻ)

→ Persian: تک (tak)

Ottoman Turkish: تك (tek)

Turkish: tek

Turkmen: täk (ýeke-täk)

Kypchak

Kazakh: тек (tek)

Kyrgyz: тек (tek)

Tatar: тик (tik)

Bashkir: тик (tik)

Crimean Tatar: tek

Kumyk: тек (tek)

Siberian

South Siberian

Tuvan: тик (tik)

Other languages

→ Mongolian: тэг (teg)

Perhaps from Old Chinese 隻 (*tjaːɡ, “alone, single, unique”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tjak ~ g-t(j)ik (“one”).


kičüg

Oghur: *kičin

Volga Bulgar: كجن (kiçin)

Chuvash: кӗҫӗн (kĕś̬ĕn)

→ Hungarian: kicsiny, kicsi

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: كچوك (kiçük), کیچی (giçi)

Azerbaijani: kiçik

Ottoman Turkish: كوچوك (küçük)

Gagauz: küçük

Turkish: küçük

Salar: kiçi

Turkmen: kiçi

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (kiçüg)

Chagatai: کچیک (kičik)

Uzbek: kichik

Uyghur: كىچىك (kichik)

Kipchak: كچك (küčüg, käčig)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: кесе (kese)

Tatar: кече (keçe)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: kiçik

Kumyk: гиччи (giççi)

Karachay-Balkar: гитче (gitçe)

Karaim: [script needed] (kičkenä)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: kishi

Kazakh: кіші (kışı)

Nogai: кичик (kiçik)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кичүү (kicüü)

Southern Altai: кичӱ (kičü)

→ Hungarian: kis

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰚𐰃𐰲𐰏 (kičg)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (kiçig)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (kıçiğ)

North Siberian:

Yakut: куччугуй (kuccuguy)

Dolgan: [script needed] (küççügüy)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Shor: кичиг

Khakas: кічіг (kìçìg)

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *kicig (“puppy”).


bedük

→ Proto-Mongolic: *bedüxün

Mongolian: бүдүүн (büdüün)

Oghur:

Chuvash: пысӑк (pys̬ăk)

Common Turkic: *bedük

Arghu:

Khalaj: bidük, bidik, büdük

Proto-Oghuz: *bedük

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: بیوك (biyük)

Ajem-Turkic: بیوک (biyük)

Azerbaijani: بویوک, böyük

Afshari: بییک (bäyik)

Iraqi Turkmen: böyüg

Qashqai: بوییک (böyik)

بویوك (büyük)

Ottoman Turkish: بیوك (biyük), (Late Ottoman) بویوك (büyük)

Turkish: büyük

Gagauz: büük

East Oghuz:

Salar: biki

Khorasani Turkish: behey

Turkmen: beýik

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بَدُكْ (bädük)

Khorezmian Turkic:

Chagatai: بویوک (büyük)

Uyghur: بۈيۈك (büyük)

Uzbek: buyuk

Kipchak:

Kipchak: بيك (büyük, bäyäk)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: бөйөк (böyök), бейек (beyek)

Tatar: биек (biyek)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: büyük, buyuk, biyk

Urum: бӱйӱк (büyük), бейӱк (beyük)

Karachay-Balkar: мийик (miyik)

Karaim: бийик (biyik)

Kumyk: бийик (biyik)

Krymchak: бӱйӱк (büyük), буйук (buyuk)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: бийик (biyik)

Kazakh: биік (biık)

Nogai: бийик (biyik)

Siberian Tatar: бӧйек (böyek), пӧйӧк (pöyök), пүйик (püyik), пийик (piyik)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak

Kyrgyz: бийик (biyik)

Southern Altai: бийик (biyik)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰋𐰓𐰜 (bedük)

Old Uyghur: 𐽼𐽰𐽸𐽳𐽷 (bedük)

Western Yugur: pezik

Sayan:

Dukhan: петәк (petäk)

Tuvan: бедик (bedik)

Tofa: бедік (bedik)

Yenisei:

Chulym: пӱйӧк (püyök), пӱзӧк (püzök)

Khakas: пӧзік

Shor: мӧзӱк (mözük), пийик (piyik)


yapyaŋï

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫӗп-ҫӗнӗ (śĕp-śĕnĕ)

Common Turkic: *yapyaŋï, *yepyeŋi:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yepyeni

Ottoman Turkish: یپ یڭی (yepyeñi)

Gagauz: yepyeni

Turkish: yepyeni

Turkmen: ýap-ýaňy (“just now”)

Salar:

Karluk:

Uzbek: yap-yangi

Uyghur: يېپيېڭى (yëpyë'ngi)

Kipchak:

West-Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: yapyañı

Kumyk:

Karaim:

Karachay-Balkar:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: яп-яңы (yap-yañı)

Tatar: яп-яңа (yap-yaña)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: жап-жаңа (jap-jaña)

Karakalpak: jap-jańa

Nogai: жап-жанъы (jap-jañı)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жап-жаңы (jap-jaŋı)

Southern Altai: јап-јаҥы (ǰap-ǰaŋï)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut:

Dolgan:

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: чап-чаа (çap-çaa)

Tofa:

Yenisei:

Shor:

Khakas:


āla

→? Classical Mongolian: [script needed] (alag)

→? Hungarian: Alacs (“proper noun”)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ула (ula, “speckled”)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

⇒ Khalaj: hâla bula

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: ala

Ottoman Turkish: آلا (ala)

Turkish: ala, alaca

Gagauz: alaca

Turkmen: āla, ālaça

Salar: ala

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (ala)

Uzbek: ola

Uyghur: ئالا (ala)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak

Tatar: ала (ala)

Bashkir: ала (ala)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: ala

Kumyk: ала (ala)

Karachay-Balkar: ала (ala)

Karaim: ала

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: ala

Kazakh: ала (ala)

Nogai: ала (ala)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: ала (ala)

Southern Altai: ала (ala)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ala)

Western Yugur: ala

North Siberian:

Yakut: ала (ala)

South Siberan:

Sayan:

Tuvan: ала (ala)

Tofa: ала

Yenisei:

Khakas: ала (ala)

Shor: ала


kïŕ

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (kız, “hot”)

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *kïŕïl (“red”)

Turkmen: gyzyl

Yakut: кыһыл (kıhıl)

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *kïŕ-ar- (“to become red”)

Karakhanid: قِزَرْماقْ (qïzarmāq)

Bashkir: ҡыҙарыу (qıźarıw)

Turkmen: gyzarmak

Yakut: кытар (kıtar)

Akin to *kï̄ŕ- (“to be red”). The root is not directly attested, therefore the meaning is obscure. However compare Proto-Turkic *kï̄r (“grey”) (Turkish kır (“grey”)), Proto-Mongolic *küri (“brown”) (cf. Mongolian хүрэн (xüren, “brown”)), Proto-Tungusic *xuri- (“grey”) (cf. Evenki урим (urim, “grey”)).


čōk

Oghuz: جُوقْ (çōk, “vile, hooligan”)

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: çox

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: چوق (çok)
Gagauz: çok (çoy-)
Turkish: çok (çoğ-)
→ Crimean Tatar: çoq
→ Karaim: čok

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: shoq (“vile, hooligan”)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: чок (cok)

⇒ Southern Altai: чогулар (čogular)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Sayan:

desc

Tuvan: [script needed] (šoɣ, “vile, hooligan”)

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (sox, “vile, hooligan”)

Oghuz, Gagauz and Turkish point to a long vowel.


tïgrak

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (tïğraq)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tïğraq)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: تِغْراقْ (tïğrāq)

→ Proto-Mongolic: *čixirag

From Proto-Turkic *tïgra- (“to be tough”) + *-k.


sǖčig

From *sǖči- (“to become sweet, sweeten”) + *-g. In several Turkic languages; such as Old Uyghur and Ottoman Turkish, the word has also another meaning: “wine”. According to Räsänen and Erdal, it is from *sǖt (“milk”) + *-sig; compare Persian شیرین (širin) for the semantic development from “milk” to “sweet”.

suf

𐱃𐰉𐰍𐰲: 𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣: 𐰽𐰉𐰃: 𐰾𐰇𐰲𐰃𐰏: 𐰍𐰃𐰾𐰃: 𐰘𐰃𐰢𐱁𐰴: 𐰼𐰢𐰾

735, Bilge Kağan, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

t¹b¹ǧč: b¹ud¹n¹: s¹b¹i: s²üčig: ǧis²i: y²imšq: r²ms²


yabïŕ

Common Turkic: yabïz

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (yavuz)

Ottoman Turkish: ياووز (yavuz)

Turkish: yavuz (“stern, tough”)

Gagauz: yavuz (“brave”)

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: ýowuz

Karluk:

Karakhanid: یَڤُزْ (yafuz, yawuz)

Chagatai: یاووز (yawuz, “bad, vile”)

Uyghur: ياۋۇز (yawuz)

Uzbek: yovuz

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: яуыз (yawız)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: yavuz (“vicious, savage.”)

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: јабыс (ǰabïs, “bad”)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: жауыс (jauys, “vicious”)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰉𐰔 (yabïz)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yavïz)

Unknown origin. Most of linguistics have been divided to different opinions.
According to Bang-Kaup, the word derived from the unknown hypothetical verb root *yab- and *yam-. And he thinks the word is related to *yablak. The reconstruction of *yam- probably comes from the unknown relationship to *yaman (“bad”) (cf. Turkish yaman). At this point, Proto-Turkic *yaman should be a later form of *yabman, since if it is related to *yabïz and *yablak.
Vámbéry derives the word from the noun roots *yam, yaw and yab; which all they mean foreign, void, vain, bad; and reconstructs as *yabïs. But he doesn't know which suffix has the word equipped.
Räsänen, proposes a derivation from the noun *yabï, *yabu. Which means bad, grabber and greedy. But he doesn't describe which suffix has the word equipped, like Vámbéry.
Clauson derives it as *yab- like Bang-Kaup, but he thinks the word has an additional + *-ïŕ suffix. It seems the suffix *-ïŕ creates a new noun from verbs, as in *söŕ and *tïgïŕ.
Dankoff and Kelly derives it from *yaw which means bad, weak.
Also the evolution is *yab(ï)- > yabïz > yavız according to Nishanyan.


yabgan

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: یاوان (yavan)
Gagauz: yavan
Turkish: yavan
→ Armenian: յավան (yavan)

Azerbaijani: yavan

Karluk:

desc

Chagatai: [script needed] (yavan, “tasteless”)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (yavgan)


čï̄gań

Arghu: جِغانْ (čïğān)

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: جغان (cığan)

Ottoman Turkish: جغان (cığan), جغانلق (cığanlık)

Turkish: cığan (dial.)

→ Kipchak: [script needed] (čïğan) (сыған can not be a descendant of čïğan)

Oghuz:

Turkish: çığay (dial.)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: جيٖغاى (čï̄ğāy)

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (čïğay), [script needed] (čïğaylïq)

Chagatai: [script needed] (čïğay)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰲𐰃𐰍𐰪 (čiǧń /čïgań/) (Yakut сыгаан (sıgaan) can not be a descendant of čïgań)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (čïgay)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (sāy, “mischief”)

Shor: [script needed] (šāy, “mischief”)

Perhaps borrowed from Byzantine Greek [Term?], related to Greek τσιγγάνος (tsingános).


kurč

→? Proto-Mongolic: *kurca

Mongolian: хурц (xurc)

Oghur:

Chuvash: хурҫӑ (hurś̬ă, “steel”)

Common Turkic:

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡорос (qoros, “steel”)

Tatar: корыч (qorıç, “steel”)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: къурч (qurç, “steel”)

Kumyk: къурч (qurç, “brisk, vigorous”)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: құрыш (qūryş, “steel”)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: курч (kurc, “steel; sharp”)

Southern Altai: курч (kurč, “sharp”)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: qurč (firm: stout)

Nugteren compares the word to Proto-Mongolic *kurca (“sharp”), whence also Mongolian хурц (xurc, “sharp”).


ạrïg

Mongolic:

→? Proto-Mongolic: *arïxun (< *arïgun) (?)

Mongolian: ариун (ariun)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ырӑ (yră, “good”)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: arığ

Proto-Oghuz: *ạrïɣ

West Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: arı

Ottoman Turkish: آری (arı)

Turkish: arı

Karluk:

Uzbek: ori'

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: aruv (“good”)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: ару (aru)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: аруу (aruu)

Southern Altai: ару (aru)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur:

Western Yugur: arïɣ

North Siberian:

⇒ Dolgan: ыраас (ıraas)

⇒ Yakut: ыраас (ıraas)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: арыг (arıg)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: арығ (arığ)

Shor: арығ (arığ)

From *ạrï- (“to be clean; to clean, purify”) + *-g.


tekiŕ

Oghur:

Chuvash: тагӑр (tagăr)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: tekīz

Karluk:

Uzbek: tekis

Uyghur: تېكىس (tëkis)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: тигеҙ (tigeź)

Tatar: тигез (tigez)

→ Chuvash: тикӗс (tik̬ĕs)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: тегіс (tegıs)

Karakalpak: тегис (tegis)

Nogai: тегис (tegis)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: тегиз (tegiz)

Siberian:

Northern Altai: тегис (tegis)


bütegü

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: bütöv, bitev (dial.), pütöy (dial.)

Ottoman Turkish: بیتوی (bitevi)

Turkish: bitevi

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: бөтәү (bötəw)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: бютеу (büteu)

From Proto-Turkic *büt- (“to end, finish”) + *-egü.


kegrek

Common Turkic:

West Oghuz:

Turkish: gevrek

Azerbaijani: kövrek

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: кӱӱрек (küürek, “weak”)

From *kegre- (“to weaken, to become loose”) + *-k


ȫgey

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: ögey

desc

Ottoman Turkish: اووی (üvey), اوگی (üğey), اویكی (üveyi)

Turkish: üvey

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: öweý

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اُكایْ (ögey)

Uyghur: ئۆگەي (ögey)

Uzbek: oʻgay

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: үгәй (ügəy)

Tatar: үги (ügi)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: өгей (ögei)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: өгөй (ögöy)

Southern Altai: ӧй (öy)

Kipchak-Kuman:

Crimean Tatar: ögey

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yeniseian:

Khakas: ӧӧй

From *ȫg (“mind; mother”) + *-gey, literally "mother-y".


ȫgsiŕ

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: öksüz

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: öksüz

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: үкһеҙ (ükheź)

Tatar: үксез (üksez)

South Kipchak:

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: әкесіз (äkesız)

Nogai: оьксиз (öksiz)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: өксүз (öksüz)

Southern Altai: ӧксӱс (öksüs)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: öksüz

Karachay-Balkar: ёксюз (yoksüz)

Kumyk: оьксюз (öksüz)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰇𐰏𐰾𐰃𐰔 (ügs²iz /ögsiz/)

Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽻𐽳𐽴 (ögsüz)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tofa: өъскүс

Tofa: өъскүс

Tuvan: өскүс (ösküs)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: ӧкіс

From *ȫg (“1. mind 2. mother”) + *-siŕ, literally "motherless" or "mindless".


tükel

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (dükel)

Turkish: tükel (dialectal)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: تُكالْ (tükēl)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (tükäl)

→ Turkish: tükel

Derived from *tüke- (“"to end, to complete"”) + *-l whence also *tüken- (“to be consumed”) and *tüket- (“to consume”).


ogrï

Likely related to *ogra- (“to meet, to come by”) and *ogur (“luck, fortune; opportunity; a specific time”).


anlayu

Common Turkic:
** Proto-Oghuz: [Term?] (ayla, eyle) (metathesis)
*** West Oghuz:
**** Old Anatolian Turkish: اَيْلا (ayla, eyle)
***** Azerbaijani: elə
***** Ottoman Turkish: اویله (öyle)
****** Turkish: öyle
****** Gagauz: ölä
*** East Oghuz:
**** Salar: ele
**** Turkmen: eýle
** Kipchak: [script needed] (alay, alay esä)
*** West Kipchak:
****Crimean Tatar: olay
****Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (alay)
*** East Kipchak:
**** Southern Altai: ондый (ondïy)
** Siberian:
***Old Turkic: [script needed] (anlayu)

Common Turkic: *bunlayu
** Proto-Oghuz: [Term?] (buyla, beyle) (metathesis)
*** West Oghuz:
**** Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (beyle)
***** Azerbaijani: belə
***** Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (beyle, böyle)
****** Turkish: böyle
*** East Oghuz:
**** Salar: bele
**** Turkmen: beýle
** Kipchak: [script needed] (bulay)
*** West Kipchak:
****Crimean Tatar: bulay
*** East Kipchak:
**** Southern Altai: мындый (mïndïy)
** Siberian:
***Old Turkic: [script needed] (bunlayu)

Common Turkic: *kanlayu
** Kipchak: [script needed] (kalay, kanlay)
*** South Kipchak:
**** Kazakh: қалай (qalai)
*** East Kipchak:
**** Kyrgyz: кандай (kanday)
**** Southern Altai: кандый (kandïy)

From *an- + *-layu, similative case of *ol (“he, she, it, that”). Oghuz langauges exhibit metathesis to *ayla.


saraŋ

Oghur:

Chuvash:

Common Turkic:

Karluk:

Uyghur: ساراڭ (sarang, “mentally disordered, crazy, idiot”)

Uzbek: sarang (“baffled, perplexed”)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һаран (haran, “frugal”)

Tatar: саран (saran, “frugal”)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: сараң (sarañ, “frugal”)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: сараң (saraŋ, “frugal”)

Southern Altai: сарам (saram)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (saran, “frugal, parsimonious”)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: араҥ (arañ)

Yakut: араҥ (arañ)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tofa: сараӈ (saraŋ, “frugal”)

Perhaps compare Chuvash суран (suran, “wound”) (?).


agsak

agsak (nominative singular)
agsakïg (accusative singular)
agsaknï (accusative singular)
agsaknïŋ (genitive singular)
agsakka (dative singular)
agsakda (locative singular)
agsakdan (ablative singular)
agsakgaru (allative singular)
agsakïn (instrumental singular)
agsakča (equative singular)
agsaklayu (singular)
agsaklïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: уксах (uksah)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: axsaq

Ottoman Turkish: آغساق (aksak)

Turkish: aksak

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: agsak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اَخْساقْ (axsāq)

Uyghur: ئاخساق (axsaq), ئاسقاق (asqaq)

Uzbek: oqsoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: аҡһаҡ (aqhaq)

Tatar: аксак (aqsaq)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: aqsaq

Karachay-Balkar: акъсакъ (aqsaq)

Kumyk: акъсакъ (aqsaq)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (suwıq)

Kazakh: ақсақ (aqsaq)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: аксак (aksak)

Southern Altai: аксак (aksak)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: ʾʾqsʾq (aɣsaq/aqsaq/axsaq)


koyug

Oghur:

Common Turkic:

Proto-Oghuz: *goyuɣ

West Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: qoyu

Azerbaijani: قویوق (balloon) (Iran)

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: قویو (koyu)
Turkish: koyu
→ Armenian: խօյի (xōyi), կույի (kuyi)

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: goýy

Karluk:

Uyghur: قويۇق (qoyuq)

Uzbek: quyuq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡуйы (quyı)

Tatar: куе (quye)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: qoyu

Karachay-Balkar: къою (qoyu)

Karaim: koju

Kumyk: къою (qoyu)

South Kipchak:

Nogai: койы (koyı)

Kazakh: қою (qoü)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: коюу (koyuu)

Southern Altai: койу (koyu)

Siberian:

Siberian Tatar: ҡуйы (quyï)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: койуу (koyuu)

Yakut: хойуу (qoyuu)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: хоюг (xoyug)

Tofa: [script needed] (konьug)

Yenisei:

Khakas: хойығ (xoyığ)

Shor: қойуғ (qoyuğ)

From *koyu- (“to become viscous, thick”) + *-g.


yogun

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: yoğun

Proto-Oghuz: *yoɣan

West Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: yoğun

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: یوغون (yoğun), یوغن (yoğun)
Turkish: yoğun
→ Armenian: եօղուն (eōġun)

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: ýogȳn

Salar: yoğan

Karluk:

Karakhanid: یُغُونْ (yoɣun)

Chagatai: یوغون (yoɣun), یوغان (yoɣan)

Uyghur: يوغان (yoghan)

Uzbek: yoʻgʻon

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: йыуан (yıwan)

Tatar: юан (yuan)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: жуан (juan)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жоон (joon)

Southern Altai: јоон (ǰoon)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰆𐰍𐰣 (yoɣun)

Old Uyghur: ywqwn (yoɣun)

Western Yugur: joɣən

North Siberian:

Dolgan: һуон (huon)

Yakut: суон (suon)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: чоон (çoon)

Tofa: нёон (ńoon)

Yenisei:

Khakas: чоон (çoon)

Shor: чоон (çoon)

From *yogu- (“to knead”) + *-un. The stem is not attested in Turkic but compare Proto-Mongolic *nïku- (“to knead”). EDAL tries to connect it with Proto-Mongolic *ǰuǰaxan (“thick”); however, that has a phonetic problem with *-ǰ-.


kẹ̄ŋ

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish: كیك (geñ)

Turkish: gen (dialectal)

Turkmen: giň

Karluk:

Karakhanid:

Uyghur: كەڭ (keng)

Uzbek: keng

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: киң (kiñ)

Tatar: киң (kiñ)

South Kipchak:

Kipchak-Nogai

Kazakh: кең (keñ)

Nogai: кенъ (keñ)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кең (keŋ)

Southern Altai: кеҥ (keŋ)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: keñ

Kumyk: генг (geñ)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: киэҥ (kieñ)

South Siberian:

Yenisei Turkic:

Shor: кең

Proto-Turkic: *kẹ̄ŋ-iĺ (“wide”)

Oghur:

>? Chuvash: канлӗ (kanlĕ)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: geniş

Ottoman Turkish: گݣیش (geñiş):

→ Crimean Tatar: keniş

Turkish: geniş

Turkmen: giňiş


yalŋuz

yalŋuz (nominative singular)
yalŋuzug (accusative singular)
yalŋuznï (accusative singular)
yalŋuznuŋ (genitive singular)
yalŋuzka (dative singular)
yalŋuzda (locative singular)
yalŋuzdan (ablative singular)
yalŋuzgaru (allative singular)
yalŋuzun (instrumental singular)
yalŋuzča (equative singular)
yalŋuzlayu (singular)
yalŋuzlugu (comitative singular)

Common Turkic: *yalŋuz (“alone”)

Kipchak

West Turkic

Kumyk: янгуз (yañuz)

North Turkic

desc

Bashkir: яңғыҙ (yañğıź), ялан (yalan), яланғас (yalanğas)

Tatar: ялгыз (yalgız)

South Turkic

Aral

Kazakh: жалғыз (jalğyz)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak

Kyrgyz: жалгыз (jalgız)

Southern Altai: јаҥыс (ǰaŋïs)

Karluk

Uzbek: yolgʻiz

Oghuz

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yalnız, yalqız

Ottoman Turkish: یالڭز (yalñız)

Turkish: yalnız, yalağuz (dial.)

Salar: yalğuz, yalañaz

Turkmen: ýalňyz

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰞𐰭𐰆𐰽 (yalŋus)

Old Uyghur: yʾlnkwz, yʾlnqwz (yalŋuz), yʾlnkws (yalŋus)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas: чалғыс (çalğıs)

Northern Altai: ньагыс (nʹagïs)

Shor: чағыс

Sayan Turkic:

Tofa: нюӈус

Tuvan: чаңгыс (çañgıs)

Western Yugur: yaŋğïs

North Siberian:

Yakut: соҕотох (soğotoq)

Tekin and Nişanyan both suggest a crasis of *yalïŋ and *ȫŕ (“self”) thus "bare, lone self". Erdal instead suggests a crasis of *yalïŋ and *us (“reason”). Clauson's suggestion that it is foreign due to an original *-s is baseless.


kūtuŕ

kūtuŕ (nominative singular)
kūtuŕug (accusative singular)
kūtuŕnï (accusative singular)
kūtuŕnuŋ (genitive singular)
kūtuŕka (dative singular)
kūtuŕta (locative singular)
kūtuŕtan (ablative singular)
kūtuŕgaru (allative singular)
kūtuŕun (instrumental singular)
kūtuŕča (equative singular)
kūtuŕlayu (singular)
kūtuŕlugu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: хӑтӑр (hăt̬ăr)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: quduz

Ottoman Turkish: قودوز (kuduz)

Gagauz: kuduz

Turkish: kuduz

Turkmen: guduz

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (qutuz)

Chagatai: [script needed] (qutuz)

Kipchak: [script needed] (qutuz), [script needed] (qutur)

Usually considered simplex, however there have been multiple attempts at a derivation:
# Erdal states that a derivation *kūtur- (“to go mad”) + *-ŕ is plausible, but Tekin states that the reverse is more likely from a phonological standpoint (cf. Turkmen guduramak).
# Nişanyan connects it with *kūt (“blessing, luck”), however this is morphologically imporbable.
# Räsänen suggests a derivation from *kūt- (“to lose strength”) (cf. Old Uyghur qwt- (“to lose strength”)).


(y)ip-

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yipin, yipkil, yipkin)

Chagatai: [script needed] (epgin, “black fabric”), [script needed] (ipgin, “black fabric”)

Kipchak: [script needed] (ipkin)

West Kipchak:

Karaim: ipkin

→? Chuvash: йӗпкӗн (jĕpkĕn, “dense (of colors)”)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yipin), [script needed] (yipün), [script needed] (yipkin), [script needed] (yipgin)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: өкпең (ökpeñ)

Uncertain, historically multiple conflicting forms exist; *yipin, *yipgin & *yipgil. Clauson regards *yipin to be the original form and considers it a foreign borrowing with *-g- being added on to Turkify the word.

(Common Turkic) purple, violet, dark red


yakïn

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yaxın

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: یاقین, یقین (yakın)
Crimean Tatar: yaqın
Gagauz: yakın
Turkish: yakın

Turkmen: ýakyn

Karluk

Uyghur: يېقىن (yëqin)

Uzbek: yaqin

Kipchak

North Kipchak

Bashkir: яҡын (yaqın)

Tatar: якын (yakın)

→ Chuvash: яхӑн (jah̬ăn)

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: жакын (jakın)

South Kipchak

Kazakh: жақын (jaqyn)


yeŋgül

Oghur

Chuvash: ҫӑмӑл (śămăl, “easy”)

→ Hungarian: gyenge (“weak”)

Arghu

desc

Khalaj: [script needed] (yingil), [script needed] (yiyin)

Oghuz

West Oghuz

Azerbaijani: yüngül, yeyin

Gagauz: yilin (dial.)

Ottoman Turkish: یگنی (yeğni)

Turkish: yeğni, yüngül

East Oghuz

Turkmen: yeńil

Salar: yumul

Karluk

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yüŋül), یَنِك (yenik)

East Karluk

Chagatai: [script needed] (yéŋil)

Uyghur: يەڭگىل (yenggil)

West Karluk

Uzbek: yengil

Kipchak

West Kipchak

Crimean Tatar: yengil

Karachay-Balkar: зенгил (zeñil)

Karaim: [script needed] (yenil), [script needed] (yeŋil)

Kumyk: енгил (yeñil)

Kipchak-Nogai

Karakalpak: [script needed] (žeŋil)

Kazakh: жеңіл (jeñıl)

North Kipchak

Bashkir: еңел (yeñel)

Tatar: җиңел (ciñel)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak

Kyrgyz: жеңил (jeŋil)

Southern Altai: јеҥил (ǰeŋil)

Siberian

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yeŋik), [script needed] (yöŋül)

South Siberian

Western Yugur: žig

Yeniseian Turkic

Khakas: ниик (niik)

Sayan Turkic

Tofa: [script needed] (niŋeš)

Tuvan: чииҝ

Northern Altai: дьенъил (dʹyenʺil), ньенъил (nʹyenʺil), йенънек (yenʺnek)

Uncertain. Possibly a deverbal, from *yéŋ(i)-.


tēlbe

Common Turkic: *tēlbe

Oghuz: تَلُو (telü:)

Old Anatolian Turkish: دلی

Azerbaijani: dəli

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: دلی (deli), دلو (delü)
Gagauz: deli
Turkish: deli
→ Swedish: deli
→ Armenian: տէլի (tēli)
→ Greek: ντελής (ntelís)
→ Hungarian: deli
→ Serbo-Croatian: delija

Salar: delli

Turkmen: däli

desc

→ Kipchak: [script needed] (teli, delü, telü)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: тиле (tile)

Tatar: тиле (tile)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: дели (deli)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: тели (teli)

Southern Altai: тели (teli)

→ Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (delü)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: تَلْڤا (telvē)

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (telbe)

Chagatai: [script needed] (télbe)

Uyghur: تەلۋە (telwe)

Uzbek: telba

→ Turkmen: telbe

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: тилбә (tilbä)

→ Turkish: Tilbe (“female personal name”)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: дәлду (däldu)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: делбе (delbe)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (télve, telve)


ẹrkek

ẹrkek (canonical)
hẹrkek (canonical)
ẹrkek (nominative singular)
ẹrkekig (accusative singular)
ẹrkekni (accusative singular)
ẹrkekniŋ (genitive singular)
ẹrkekke (dative singular)
ẹrkekde (locative singular)
ẹrkekden (ablative singular)
ẹrkekgerü (allative singular)
ẹrkekin (instrumental singular)
ẹrkekče (equative singular)
ẹrkekleyü (singular)
ẹrkekligü (comitative singular)

Arghu:

Khalaj: hirkək

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: erkək

Ottoman Turkish: اركك (erkek)

Gagauz: erkek

Turkish: erkek

Oghuz-Uyghur:

Salar: erkik

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: erkek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اَرْكَكْ (erkek)

Uzbek: erkak

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: иркәк (irkək)

Tatar: иркәк (irkäk)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: еркек (erkek)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: эркек (erkek)

Southern Altai: эркек (erkek)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰃𐰼𐰚𐰚 (érkek)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (érkek, irkek)

Western Yugur: erkik

North Siberian:

Dolgan: иргэк (irgek)

Yakut: иргэх (irgeq)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: иргэк (irgek)

It has originally been considered to be a derivation from the near-synonymous *ēr (“man”), however most sources have since disputed this, noting the vowel mismatch (*ẹ- as opposed to *ē-) and impossible morphology (the denominal suffix *-kek ~ *-gek is used to form body parts).
Erdal instead suggests a derivation from *ẹrk (“young ram”) with the diminutive suffix *-ak, compare *oglak (“kid”), the diminutive of *ogul (“child”), for a reverse semantic shift.
Could be related to *erkeč (“he-goat”) if it was originally pronounced *ẹrkeč.


saŋïr

Common Turkic:

→⇒? Chuvash: анра-сухра (anra-s̬uhra)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: sağır

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: صاغر, صاغیر (sağır)
Gagauz: saar
Turkish: sağır
→ Crimean Tatar: sağır

Salar: sağır

Karluk:

Karakhanid:

Chagatai:

Uyghur: ساغرىغۇ (saghrighu)

desc

Kipchak: [script needed] (saŋır), [script needed] (saŋırav)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һаңғырау (hañğıraw)

Tatar: саңгырау (sañgıraw)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: сангырау (sañırau)

Kumyk: сангырав (sañıraw)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: саңырау (sañyrau)

Nogai: санъырав (sañırav)

Not related to Proto-Turkic *sagïr (“a game battue”).


ẹ̄rig

Common Turkic:

→ Hungarian: öreg

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: iri

Ottoman Turkish: ايرى

Gagauz: iiri

Turkish: iri

Salar: yiri

Turkmen: īri

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (erig)

Chagatai:

Uyghur: ژىرىك (zhirik), [script needed] (yirik)

Uzbek: yirik

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: эре (ere)

Tatar: эре (ere)

West Kipchak:

Karaim: [script needed] (iri)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (iri)

Kazakh: ірі (ırı)

Nogai: [script needed] (iri)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: ири (iri)

Southern Altai: эригер (eriger, “to be tired”), эрӱ (erü, “pain”)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (erig, “wild”)


yabaĺč

Common Turkic: *yabaš

→⇒? Proto-Mongolic: *namukan (“peaceful, gentle”) (from the hypothetical *yaba-kan (“id.”))

Mongolian: намхан (namxan, “peaceful, gentle”)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yavaş

→ Persian: یواش (yavâš)

→ Khalaj: yəvâş

Ottoman Turkish: یواش (yavaş, “patient, mild, peaceable”)

Turkish: yavaş

Gagauz: yavaş

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: ýuwaş

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yawaš)

Chagatai: [script needed] (yawaš)

Uyghur: [script needed] (yuwaš) (dialectal)

Uzbek: yuvosh

⇒ Karakhanid: [script needed] (yawa kiši, “a person who is timid, mild, tractable, and peaceable; docile (of animals)”)

⇒ Karakhanid: [script needed] (yawa yḗr, “warm, cozy place”)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: iavas (yawa:š, “docile and obsequious (of animals)”)

Kipchak-Bulgar:

Bashkir: йыуаш (yıwaş)

Middle Tatar: *ʒovaš ("peaceful, hospitable")

→? Chuvash: чӑваш (čăvaš, “Chuvash”)

→ Eastern Mari: суас (suas, “Tatar”)

→ Tatar: чуаш (çuwaş, “Chuvash”)

Russian: чува́ша (čuváša, “unkempt man”) (dialectal)

Tatar: юаш (yuaş), юваш (yuwaş)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Crimean Tatar:

Krymchak: йуваш

Karachay-Balkar: джууаш (cuuaş)

Kumyk: яваш (yawaş), юваш (yuwaş)

Karaim: йуваш

Urum: йываш

South Kipchak:

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: жуас (juas)

Nogai: ювас (yuvas)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жоош (jooş)

Southern Altai: јобош (ǰoboš)

Siberian Turkic:

North Siberian Turkic:

Earlier Yakut: *samā- ("calm, pleasant, easy-going")

⇒? Yakut: самаан (samaan, “favourable summer, warm weather”)

South Siberian Turkic:

Old Uyghur: yʾpʾs (yabaš)

⇒? Old Uyghur: yʾp yʾp (yap-yap, “timidly”)

Khakas: чабас (çabas)

Northern Altai: дьобоош (dʹobooš), чобош (čoboš)

Shor: чобаш (čobaš)

Tuvan: чааш (çaaş)

Tofa: чааш (čāš)

Tofa: чааш (čāš)

Unknown. Probably a deverbal from the unattested verb *yaba- (“to calm down (?)”), further etymology cannot be satisfactorily established.
Räsänen, Vasmer and Nemeth suggest that the ethnonym for Chuvash people (čăwaš) is borrowed or inherited from *yabaš (“calm, peaceful”), via intermediaries. Proto-Mongolic *namukan is given as a cognate by Räsänen (cf. Mongolian намхан (namxan, “gentle, peaceful”))
Altaicists compare their reconstructed form *yabaĺ with Khalkha Mongolian зөөлөн (zöölön, “soft, weak”) (cf. Written Mongolian ᠵᠣ᠊᠊ᠢ᠊ᠭᠡ᠊ᠯᠠ᠊ᠨ (ʒögelen)) and Japanese 柔ら (yawara, “something soft, fragile, gentle”) (cf. Japanese 柔柔 (yawayawa, “soft, supple”), reduplication of *yawa). Despite semantic and phonological similarities, Altaic comparisons are severely criticized by mainstream historical linguistics.

noncog

peaceful, quiet, calm, mild (Common Turkic)


yepyeŋgül

Oghur

desc

Chuvash: ҫӑп-ҫӑмӑл (śăp-śămăl, “very easy”)

Arghu

Khalaj: [script needed] (yip-yingil), [script needed] (yip-yiyin)

Oghuz

West Oghuz

Azerbaijani: yüpyüngül, yepyeyin

Gagauz: yipyilin (dial.)

Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (yepyeğni)

Turkish: yepyeğni, yüpyüngül

East Oghuz

Turkmen: yepyeńil

Salar: yupyumul

Karluk

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yüpyüŋül), [script needed] (yepyenik)

East Karluk

Chagatai: [script needed] (yéŋil)

Uyghur: يەڭگىل (yenggil)

West Karluk

Uzbek: yengil

Kipchak

West Kipchak

Crimean Tatar: yengil

Karachay-Balkar: зенгил (zeñil)

Karaim: [script needed] (yenil), [script needed] (yeŋil)

Kumyk: енгил (yeñil)

Kipchak-Nogai

Karakalpak: jep-jeńil

Kazakh: жеп-жеңіл (jep-jeñıl)

North Kipchak

Bashkir: еп-еңел (yep-yeñel)

Tatar: жип-җиңел (jip-ciñel)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak

Kyrgyz: жеп-жеңил (jep-jeŋil)

Southern Altai: јеп-јеҥил (ǰep-ǰeŋil)

Siberian

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yeŋik), [script needed] (yöŋül)

South Siberian

Western Yugur: žig

Yeniseian Turkic

Khakas: ниик (niik)

Sayan Turkic

Tofa: [script needed] (niŋeš)

Tuvan: чииҝ

Northern Altai: дьенъил (dʹyenʺil), ньенъил (nʹyenʺil), йенънек (yenʺnek)