See tür(ü)k in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghur: *türkü"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ohu",
"2": "Turcu",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "türkü"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Hungarian: Turcu (türkü)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Hungarian: Turcu (türkü)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "török"
},
"expansion": "Hungarian: török",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hungarian: török"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ohu",
"2": "Thevreker",
"bor": "1",
"der": "1",
"t": "Cuman",
"tr": "törek-ēr"
},
"expansion": "→⇒ Old Hungarian: Thevreker (törek-ēr, “Cuman”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→⇒ Old Hungarian: Thevreker (törek-ēr, “Cuman”) (< *tür(ü)k + *ēr)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mis-rou",
"2": "𑀓𑁆𑀭𑀽𑀢𑀼",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "türǖg",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Rouran: 𑀓𑁆𑀭𑀽𑀢𑀼 (türǖg)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Rouran: 𑀓𑁆𑀭𑀽𑀢𑀼 (türǖg)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-cmn-pro",
"2": "*türk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Common Turkic: *türk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Common Turkic: *türk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-oat",
"tr": "Türkmen"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (Türkmen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (Türkmen)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "ترك"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: ترك, تورك (türk)\nTurkish: Türk\n→ English: Türk\n→ Albanian: turk\n→ Armenian: թիւրք (tʻiwrkʻ)\n→ Romanian: turc",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: ترك, تورك (türk)\nTurkish: Türk\n→ English: Türk\n→ Albanian: turk\n→ Armenian: թիւրք (tʻiwrkʻ)\n→ Romanian: turc"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "төрөк",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bashkir: төрөк (török)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bashkir: төрөк (török)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "төрек",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tatar: төрек (törek)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tatar: төрек (törek)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "тӗрӗк",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Chuvash: тӗрӗк (tĕrĕk)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Chuvash: тӗрӗк (tĕrĕk)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "түрік",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kazakh: түрік (türık)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kazakh: түрік (türık)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "түрк",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kyrgyz: түрк (türk)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kyrgyz: түрк (türk)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "тӱрк",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Southern Altai: тӱрк (türk)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Southern Altai: тӱрк (türk)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "турок",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yakut: турок (turok)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Yakut: турок (turok)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ту́рок",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: ту́рок (túrok)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: ту́рок (túrok)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "туурак",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yakut: туурак (tuurak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Yakut: туурак (tuurak)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "türk"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: türk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: türk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "Türkmen",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Turkmen: Türkmen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Turkmen: Türkmen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbo",
"2": "تُرُكمَان",
"bor": "1",
"t": "Turkmen"
},
"expansion": "→ Bulgar: تُرُكمَان (“Turkmen”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bulgar: تُرُكمَان (“Turkmen”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ترکمان",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Persian: ترکمان\n→ Azerbaijani: türkman\n→ Chagatai: ترکمان\nUzbek: turkmon\n→ Gujarati: તુર્કમાન (turkamān)\n→ Medieval Latin: Turcomannus\nEnglish: Turcoman\nFrench: Turcoman\n→ Ottoman Turkish: تركمان (Türkmân)\nTurkish: Türkman\n→ English: Turkman",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Persian: ترکمان\n→ Azerbaijani: türkman\n→ Chagatai: ترکمان\nUzbek: turkmon\n→ Gujarati: તુર્કમાન (turkamān)\n→ Medieval Latin: Turcomannus\nEnglish: Turcoman\nFrench: Turcoman\n→ Ottoman Turkish: تركمان (Türkmân)\nTurkish: Türkman\n→ English: Turkman"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜",
"t": "Turks, Göktürks"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜 (t²ür²k̥, “Turks, Göktürks”), 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰚 (türk), 𐱆𐰈𐰼𐰝 (türk)\n⇒ Rouran: *türküt (“Turks”)\n→ Middle Chinese: 突厥 (thwot kjut)\n→ Middle Persian: twlk'",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜 (t²ür²k̥, “Turks, Göktürks”), 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰚 (türk), 𐱆𐰈𐰼𐰝 (türk)\n⇒ Rouran: *türküt (“Turks”)\n→ Middle Chinese: 突厥 (thwot kjut)\n→ Middle Persian: twlk'"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷",
"t": "Turkic",
"tr": "Türk"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷 (Türk, “Turkic”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷 (Türk, “Turkic”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷𐽽𐽰",
"t": "Turkic (language), Old Uyghur language",
"tr": "Türkče"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷𐽽𐽰 (Türkče, “Turkic (language), Old Uyghur language”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷𐽽𐽰 (Türkče, “Turkic (language), Old Uyghur language”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"id": "Turk"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷",
"t": "?"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷 (twyrk, “?”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ltc",
"2": "突厥"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese 突厥 (thwot kjut)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"2": "*tturakä",
"t": "lid, helmet"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese *tturakä (“lid, helmet”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Multiple etymologies have been proposed;\n# Doerfer (1965), based on Old Uyghur 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷 (twyrk, “?”) found in fragmentary Manichaean scriptures as \"...türk burxanlarta kén éntiŋiz...\" (\"...you have descended [to Earth] after [???] prophets (Boddhisatvas)...\"), presumes that Old Uyghur word and thus *türk must have meant \"strong\", and or \"capable.\" However, Clauson (1972) rejects this observation, stating that most of the text is illegible and 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷 (twyrk) in the Manichaean may simply be 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾀 (twyrt, “four”) instead. This is seconded by Nişanyan in his Modern Turkish etymological dictionary.\n# According to Clauson (1972) *türk means \"the culmination point of maturity\", \"ripe (as are fruit)\" and \"the prime of one's life\".\n# Räsänen (1969) in his entry surmises the etymologies above, giving that the word meant \"power, might\" in Old Uyghur, \"midpoint of maturing\" in Middle Turkic, \"brave\" in Chagatai and \"brute, harsh; (and by extension) illiterate\" in Ottoman Turkish. He also gives \"Chinese Tu-küz\" (cf. Middle Chinese 突厥 (thwot kjut)) for the comparison. Whether or not the words mentioned are related to this etymon is unclear.\n# Róna-Tas (1991) compares this form with Khotanese *tturakä (“lid, helmet”) in the light of the mention of \"golden mountains shaped like helmets\" by the Chinese Annals where Turks would live. Chinese records also state that Turks got their name from these mountains, which they call türküt. Notwithstanding this etymology, Róna-Tas and Berta (2011) suppose the proto-form as *türkü and comment that this word is not found natively in Yakut, Khakas and Chuvash languages.\nThe earliest attestation of Turk is found in the Hüis Tolgoi Inscription, stone 1 as 𑀓𑁆𑀭𑀽𑀢𑀼 (türǖg) in Brahmi script, dating back to 584 AD.\nSee more at Turkic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Türk",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "türk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türük",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türkler",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türükler",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türkniŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türükniŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türklerniŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türüklerniŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türkke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türükke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türklerke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türüklerke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türkte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türükte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türklerde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türüklerde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türkten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türükten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türklerden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türüklerden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türklerin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türüklerin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türkče",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türükče",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türklerče",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türüklerče",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "proper noun",
"head": "*Tür(ü)k"
},
"expansion": "*Tür(ü)k",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tür(ü)k",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Uyghur terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Turk, person with Turkic ancestry"
],
"id": "en-tür(ü)k-trk-pro-name-SaI-jPJU",
"links": [
[
"Turk",
"Turk"
],
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"Turkic",
"Turkic"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Uyghur terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Turks"
],
"id": "en-tür(ü)k-trk-pro-name-0VlkjYRC",
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Turkic peoples#Etymology"
],
"word": "tür(ü)k"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Old Uyghur terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic proper nouns",
"Proto-Turkic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Requests for native script for Old Anatolian Turkish terms"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghur: *türkü"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ohu",
"2": "Turcu",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "türkü"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Hungarian: Turcu (türkü)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Hungarian: Turcu (türkü)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "török"
},
"expansion": "Hungarian: török",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hungarian: török"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ohu",
"2": "Thevreker",
"bor": "1",
"der": "1",
"t": "Cuman",
"tr": "törek-ēr"
},
"expansion": "→⇒ Old Hungarian: Thevreker (törek-ēr, “Cuman”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→⇒ Old Hungarian: Thevreker (törek-ēr, “Cuman”) (< *tür(ü)k + *ēr)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mis-rou",
"2": "𑀓𑁆𑀭𑀽𑀢𑀼",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "türǖg",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Rouran: 𑀓𑁆𑀭𑀽𑀢𑀼 (türǖg)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Rouran: 𑀓𑁆𑀭𑀽𑀢𑀼 (türǖg)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-cmn-pro",
"2": "*türk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Common Turkic: *türk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Common Turkic: *türk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-oat",
"tr": "Türkmen"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (Türkmen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (Türkmen)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "ترك"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: ترك, تورك (türk)\nTurkish: Türk\n→ English: Türk\n→ Albanian: turk\n→ Armenian: թիւրք (tʻiwrkʻ)\n→ Romanian: turc",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: ترك, تورك (türk)\nTurkish: Türk\n→ English: Türk\n→ Albanian: turk\n→ Armenian: թիւրք (tʻiwrkʻ)\n→ Romanian: turc"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "төрөк",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bashkir: төрөк (török)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bashkir: төрөк (török)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "төрек",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tatar: төрек (törek)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tatar: төрек (törek)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "тӗрӗк",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Chuvash: тӗрӗк (tĕrĕk)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Chuvash: тӗрӗк (tĕrĕk)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "түрік",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kazakh: түрік (türık)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kazakh: түрік (türık)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "түрк",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kyrgyz: түрк (türk)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kyrgyz: түрк (türk)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "тӱрк",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Southern Altai: тӱрк (türk)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Southern Altai: тӱрк (türk)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "турок",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yakut: турок (turok)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Yakut: турок (turok)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ту́рок",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: ту́рок (túrok)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: ту́рок (túrok)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "туурак",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yakut: туурак (tuurak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Yakut: туурак (tuurak)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "türk"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: türk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: türk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "Türkmen",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Turkmen: Türkmen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Turkmen: Türkmen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbo",
"2": "تُرُكمَان",
"bor": "1",
"t": "Turkmen"
},
"expansion": "→ Bulgar: تُرُكمَان (“Turkmen”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bulgar: تُرُكمَان (“Turkmen”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ترکمان",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Persian: ترکمان\n→ Azerbaijani: türkman\n→ Chagatai: ترکمان\nUzbek: turkmon\n→ Gujarati: તુર્કમાન (turkamān)\n→ Medieval Latin: Turcomannus\nEnglish: Turcoman\nFrench: Turcoman\n→ Ottoman Turkish: تركمان (Türkmân)\nTurkish: Türkman\n→ English: Turkman",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Persian: ترکمان\n→ Azerbaijani: türkman\n→ Chagatai: ترکمان\nUzbek: turkmon\n→ Gujarati: તુર્કમાન (turkamān)\n→ Medieval Latin: Turcomannus\nEnglish: Turcoman\nFrench: Turcoman\n→ Ottoman Turkish: تركمان (Türkmân)\nTurkish: Türkman\n→ English: Turkman"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜",
"t": "Turks, Göktürks"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜 (t²ür²k̥, “Turks, Göktürks”), 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰚 (türk), 𐱆𐰈𐰼𐰝 (türk)\n⇒ Rouran: *türküt (“Turks”)\n→ Middle Chinese: 突厥 (thwot kjut)\n→ Middle Persian: twlk'",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜 (t²ür²k̥, “Turks, Göktürks”), 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰚 (türk), 𐱆𐰈𐰼𐰝 (türk)\n⇒ Rouran: *türküt (“Turks”)\n→ Middle Chinese: 突厥 (thwot kjut)\n→ Middle Persian: twlk'"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷",
"t": "Turkic",
"tr": "Türk"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷 (Türk, “Turkic”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷 (Türk, “Turkic”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷𐽽𐽰",
"t": "Turkic (language), Old Uyghur language",
"tr": "Türkče"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷𐽽𐽰 (Türkče, “Turkic (language), Old Uyghur language”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷𐽽𐽰 (Türkče, “Turkic (language), Old Uyghur language”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"id": "Turk"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷",
"t": "?"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷 (twyrk, “?”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ltc",
"2": "突厥"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese 突厥 (thwot kjut)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"2": "*tturakä",
"t": "lid, helmet"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese *tturakä (“lid, helmet”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Multiple etymologies have been proposed;\n# Doerfer (1965), based on Old Uyghur 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷 (twyrk, “?”) found in fragmentary Manichaean scriptures as \"...türk burxanlarta kén éntiŋiz...\" (\"...you have descended [to Earth] after [???] prophets (Boddhisatvas)...\"), presumes that Old Uyghur word and thus *türk must have meant \"strong\", and or \"capable.\" However, Clauson (1972) rejects this observation, stating that most of the text is illegible and 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷 (twyrk) in the Manichaean may simply be 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾀 (twyrt, “four”) instead. This is seconded by Nişanyan in his Modern Turkish etymological dictionary.\n# According to Clauson (1972) *türk means \"the culmination point of maturity\", \"ripe (as are fruit)\" and \"the prime of one's life\".\n# Räsänen (1969) in his entry surmises the etymologies above, giving that the word meant \"power, might\" in Old Uyghur, \"midpoint of maturing\" in Middle Turkic, \"brave\" in Chagatai and \"brute, harsh; (and by extension) illiterate\" in Ottoman Turkish. He also gives \"Chinese Tu-küz\" (cf. Middle Chinese 突厥 (thwot kjut)) for the comparison. Whether or not the words mentioned are related to this etymon is unclear.\n# Róna-Tas (1991) compares this form with Khotanese *tturakä (“lid, helmet”) in the light of the mention of \"golden mountains shaped like helmets\" by the Chinese Annals where Turks would live. Chinese records also state that Turks got their name from these mountains, which they call türküt. Notwithstanding this etymology, Róna-Tas and Berta (2011) suppose the proto-form as *türkü and comment that this word is not found natively in Yakut, Khakas and Chuvash languages.\nThe earliest attestation of Turk is found in the Hüis Tolgoi Inscription, stone 1 as 𑀓𑁆𑀭𑀽𑀢𑀼 (türǖg) in Brahmi script, dating back to 584 AD.\nSee more at Turkic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Türk",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "türk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türük",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türkler",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türükler",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türkniŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türükniŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türklerniŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türüklerniŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türkke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türükke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türklerke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türüklerke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türkte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türükte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türklerde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türüklerde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türkten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türükten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türklerden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türüklerden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türklerin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türüklerin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türkče",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türükče",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türklerče",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türüklerče",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "proper noun",
"head": "*Tür(ü)k"
},
"expansion": "*Tür(ü)k",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tür(ü)k",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Turk, person with Turkic ancestry"
],
"links": [
[
"Turk",
"Turk"
],
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"Turkic",
"Turkic"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Turks"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Turkic peoples#Etymology"
],
"word": "tür(ü)k"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tür(ü)k meaning in Proto-Turkic (11.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Turkic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (c3cc510 and 1d3fdbf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.