See tür(ü)k in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"word": "török"
}
],
"lang": "Old Hungarian",
"lang_code": "ohu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "türkü",
"word": "Turcu"
},
{
"lang": "Old Hungarian",
"lang_code": "ohu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "törek-ēr",
"sense": "Cuman",
"word": "Thevreker"
}
],
"lang": "Oghur",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Rouran",
"lang_code": "mis-rou",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"roman": "türǖg",
"word": "𑀓𑁆𑀭𑀽𑀢𑀼"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Common Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"word": "*türk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "türk"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "türk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "Türk"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "türk",
"word": "ترك"
}
],
"lang": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"lang_code": "trk-oat",
"roman": "türk",
"word": "ترك"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "türk"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "türk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "Türk"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "türk",
"word": "ترك"
}
],
"lang": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"lang_code": "trk-oat",
"roman": "türk",
"word": "تورك"
},
{
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "Türkmen"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgar",
"lang_code": "xbo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"sense": "Turkmen",
"word": "تُرُكمَان"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gujarati",
"lang_code": "gu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "turkamān",
"word": "તુર્કમાન"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"word": "turkmon"
}
],
"lang": "Chagatai",
"lang_code": "chg",
"word": "ترکمان"
}
],
"lang": "Karakhanid",
"lang_code": "xqa",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "türkmān",
"sense": "Turcoman, Oghuz",
"word": "تُركمان"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "Turcoman"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "Turcoman"
}
],
"lang": "Medieval Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Turcomannus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "türkman"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "Türkman"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Turkman"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "türkman",
"word": "تركمان"
}
],
"lang": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"lang_code": "trk-oat",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "türkmān",
"sense": "Oghuz",
"word": "تركمان"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ترکمان"
}
],
"lang": "Oghuz",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Chinese",
"lang_code": "ltc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "thwot kjut",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"word": "突厥"
}
],
"lang": "Rouran",
"lang_code": "mis-rou",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "Turks",
"word": "*türküt"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "twlk'"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Uyghur",
"lang_code": "oui",
"roman": "Türkče",
"sense": "Turkic (language), Old Uyghur language",
"word": "𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷𐽽𐽰"
}
],
"lang": "Old Uyghur",
"lang_code": "oui",
"roman": "Türk",
"sense": "Turkic",
"word": "𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷"
}
],
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"roman": "t²ür²k̥",
"sense": "Turks, Göktürks",
"word": "𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Chinese",
"lang_code": "ltc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "thwot kjut",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"word": "突厥"
}
],
"lang": "Rouran",
"lang_code": "mis-rou",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "Turks",
"word": "*türküt"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "twlk'"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Uyghur",
"lang_code": "oui",
"roman": "Türkče",
"sense": "Turkic (language), Old Uyghur language",
"word": "𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷𐽽𐽰"
}
],
"lang": "Old Uyghur",
"lang_code": "oui",
"roman": "Türk",
"sense": "Turkic",
"word": "𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷"
}
],
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"roman": "türk",
"word": "𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰚"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Chinese",
"lang_code": "ltc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "thwot kjut",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"word": "突厥"
}
],
"lang": "Rouran",
"lang_code": "mis-rou",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "Turks",
"word": "*türküt"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "twlk'"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Uyghur",
"lang_code": "oui",
"roman": "Türkče",
"sense": "Turkic (language), Old Uyghur language",
"word": "𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷𐽽𐽰"
}
],
"lang": "Old Uyghur",
"lang_code": "oui",
"roman": "Türk",
"sense": "Turkic",
"word": "𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷"
}
],
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"roman": "türk",
"word": "𐱆𐰈𐰼𐰝"
}
],
"lang": "Siberian Turkic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"id": "Turk"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷",
"t": "?"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷 (twyrk, “?”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ltc",
"2": "突厥"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese 突厥 (thwot kjut)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"2": "*tturakä",
"t": "lid, helmet"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese *tturakä (“lid, helmet”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Multiple etymologies have been proposed;\n# Doerfer (1965), based on Old Uyghur 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷 (twyrk, “?”) found in fragmentary Manichaean scriptures as \"...türk burxanlarta kén éntiŋiz...\" (\"...you have descended [to Earth] after [???] prophets (Boddhisatvas)...\"), presumes that Old Uyghur word and thus *türk must have meant \"strong\", and or \"capable.\" However, Clauson (1972) rejects this observation, stating that most of the text is illegible and 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷 (twyrk) in the Manichaean may simply be 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾀 (twyrt, “four”) instead. This is seconded by Nişanyan in his Modern Turkish etymological dictionary.\n# According to Clauson (1972) *türk means \"the culmination point of maturity\", \"ripe (as are fruit)\" and \"the prime of one's life\".\n# Räsänen (1969) in his entry surmises the etymologies above, giving that the word meant \"power, might\" in Old Uyghur, \"midpoint of maturing\" in Middle Turkic, \"brave\" in Chagatai and \"brute, harsh; (and by extension) illiterate\" in Ottoman Turkish. He also gives \"Chinese Tu-küz\" (cf. Middle Chinese 突厥 (thwot kjut)) for the comparison. Whether or not the words mentioned are related to this etymon is unclear.\n# Róna-Tas (1991) compares this form with Khotanese *tturakä (“lid, helmet”) in the light of the mention of \"golden mountains shaped like helmets\" by the Chinese Annals where Turks would live. Chinese records also state that Turks got their name from these mountains, which they call türküt. Notwithstanding this etymology, Róna-Tas and Berta (2011) suppose the proto-form as *türkü and comment that this word is not found natively in Yakut, Khakas and Chuvash languages.\nThe earliest attestation of Turk is found in the Hüis Tolgoi Inscription, stone 1 as 𑀓𑁆𑀭𑀽𑀢𑀼 (türǖg) in Brahmi script, dating back to 584 AD.\nSee more at Turkic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Türk",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "türk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türük",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türkler",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türükler",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türkniŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türükniŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türklerniŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türüklerniŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türkke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türükke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türklerke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türüklerke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türkte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türükte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türklerde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türüklerde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türkten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türükten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türklerden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türüklerden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türklerin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türüklerin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türkče",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türükče",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türklerče",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türüklerče",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "proper noun",
"head": "*Tür(ü)k"
},
"expansion": "*Tür(ü)k",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tür(ü)k",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Uyghur terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Turk, person with Turkic ancestry"
],
"id": "en-tür(ü)k-trk-pro-name-SaI-jPJU",
"links": [
[
"Turk",
"Turk"
],
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"Turkic",
"Turkic"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Uyghur terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Turks"
],
"id": "en-tür(ü)k-trk-pro-name-0VlkjYRC",
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Turkic peoples#Etymology"
],
"word": "tür(ü)k"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Old Uyghur terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic proper nouns",
"Proto-Turkic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"word": "török"
}
],
"lang": "Old Hungarian",
"lang_code": "ohu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "türkü",
"word": "Turcu"
},
{
"lang": "Old Hungarian",
"lang_code": "ohu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "törek-ēr",
"sense": "Cuman",
"word": "Thevreker"
}
],
"lang": "Oghur",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Rouran",
"lang_code": "mis-rou",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"roman": "türǖg",
"word": "𑀓𑁆𑀭𑀽𑀢𑀼"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Common Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"word": "*türk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "türk"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "türk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "Türk"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "türk",
"word": "ترك"
}
],
"lang": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"lang_code": "trk-oat",
"roman": "türk",
"word": "ترك"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "türk"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "türk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "Türk"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "türk",
"word": "ترك"
}
],
"lang": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"lang_code": "trk-oat",
"roman": "türk",
"word": "تورك"
},
{
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "Türkmen"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgar",
"lang_code": "xbo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"sense": "Turkmen",
"word": "تُرُكمَان"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gujarati",
"lang_code": "gu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "turkamān",
"word": "તુર્કમાન"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"word": "turkmon"
}
],
"lang": "Chagatai",
"lang_code": "chg",
"word": "ترکمان"
}
],
"lang": "Karakhanid",
"lang_code": "xqa",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "türkmān",
"sense": "Turcoman, Oghuz",
"word": "تُركمان"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "Turcoman"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "Turcoman"
}
],
"lang": "Medieval Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Turcomannus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "türkman"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "Türkman"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Turkman"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "türkman",
"word": "تركمان"
}
],
"lang": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"lang_code": "trk-oat",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "türkmān",
"sense": "Oghuz",
"word": "تركمان"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ترکمان"
}
],
"lang": "Oghuz",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Chinese",
"lang_code": "ltc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "thwot kjut",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"word": "突厥"
}
],
"lang": "Rouran",
"lang_code": "mis-rou",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "Turks",
"word": "*türküt"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "twlk'"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Uyghur",
"lang_code": "oui",
"roman": "Türkče",
"sense": "Turkic (language), Old Uyghur language",
"word": "𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷𐽽𐽰"
}
],
"lang": "Old Uyghur",
"lang_code": "oui",
"roman": "Türk",
"sense": "Turkic",
"word": "𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷"
}
],
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"roman": "t²ür²k̥",
"sense": "Turks, Göktürks",
"word": "𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Chinese",
"lang_code": "ltc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "thwot kjut",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"word": "突厥"
}
],
"lang": "Rouran",
"lang_code": "mis-rou",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "Turks",
"word": "*türküt"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "twlk'"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Uyghur",
"lang_code": "oui",
"roman": "Türkče",
"sense": "Turkic (language), Old Uyghur language",
"word": "𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷𐽽𐽰"
}
],
"lang": "Old Uyghur",
"lang_code": "oui",
"roman": "Türk",
"sense": "Turkic",
"word": "𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷"
}
],
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"roman": "türk",
"word": "𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰚"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Chinese",
"lang_code": "ltc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "thwot kjut",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"word": "突厥"
}
],
"lang": "Rouran",
"lang_code": "mis-rou",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "Turks",
"word": "*türküt"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "twlk'"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Uyghur",
"lang_code": "oui",
"roman": "Türkče",
"sense": "Turkic (language), Old Uyghur language",
"word": "𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷𐽽𐽰"
}
],
"lang": "Old Uyghur",
"lang_code": "oui",
"roman": "Türk",
"sense": "Turkic",
"word": "𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷"
}
],
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"roman": "türk",
"word": "𐱆𐰈𐰼𐰝"
}
],
"lang": "Siberian Turkic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"id": "Turk"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷",
"t": "?"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷 (twyrk, “?”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ltc",
"2": "突厥"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese 突厥 (thwot kjut)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"2": "*tturakä",
"t": "lid, helmet"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese *tturakä (“lid, helmet”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Multiple etymologies have been proposed;\n# Doerfer (1965), based on Old Uyghur 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷 (twyrk, “?”) found in fragmentary Manichaean scriptures as \"...türk burxanlarta kén éntiŋiz...\" (\"...you have descended [to Earth] after [???] prophets (Boddhisatvas)...\"), presumes that Old Uyghur word and thus *türk must have meant \"strong\", and or \"capable.\" However, Clauson (1972) rejects this observation, stating that most of the text is illegible and 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷 (twyrk) in the Manichaean may simply be 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾀 (twyrt, “four”) instead. This is seconded by Nişanyan in his Modern Turkish etymological dictionary.\n# According to Clauson (1972) *türk means \"the culmination point of maturity\", \"ripe (as are fruit)\" and \"the prime of one's life\".\n# Räsänen (1969) in his entry surmises the etymologies above, giving that the word meant \"power, might\" in Old Uyghur, \"midpoint of maturing\" in Middle Turkic, \"brave\" in Chagatai and \"brute, harsh; (and by extension) illiterate\" in Ottoman Turkish. He also gives \"Chinese Tu-küz\" (cf. Middle Chinese 突厥 (thwot kjut)) for the comparison. Whether or not the words mentioned are related to this etymon is unclear.\n# Róna-Tas (1991) compares this form with Khotanese *tturakä (“lid, helmet”) in the light of the mention of \"golden mountains shaped like helmets\" by the Chinese Annals where Turks would live. Chinese records also state that Turks got their name from these mountains, which they call türküt. Notwithstanding this etymology, Róna-Tas and Berta (2011) suppose the proto-form as *türkü and comment that this word is not found natively in Yakut, Khakas and Chuvash languages.\nThe earliest attestation of Turk is found in the Hüis Tolgoi Inscription, stone 1 as 𑀓𑁆𑀭𑀽𑀢𑀼 (türǖg) in Brahmi script, dating back to 584 AD.\nSee more at Turkic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Türk",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "türk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türük",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türkler",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türükler",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türkniŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türükniŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türklerniŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türüklerniŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türkke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türükke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türklerke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türüklerke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türkte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türükte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türklerde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türüklerde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türkten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türükten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türklerden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türüklerden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türklerin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türüklerin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türkče",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türükče",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "türklerče",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "türüklerče",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "proper noun",
"head": "*Tür(ü)k"
},
"expansion": "*Tür(ü)k",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tür(ü)k",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Turk, person with Turkic ancestry"
],
"links": [
[
"Turk",
"Turk"
],
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"Turkic",
"Turkic"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Turks"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Turkic peoples#Etymology"
],
"word": "tür(ü)k"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tür(ü)k meaning in Proto-Turkic (10.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Turkic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.