See be in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*bi",
"t": "I"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *bi (“I”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "*bi",
"t": "I"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tungusic *bi (“I”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Usually compared to Proto-Mongolic *bi (“I”) and Proto-Tungusic *bi (“I”).\nThe Common Turkic form *ben is a result of back formation from the oblique stem *bẹn- with the pronominal-n.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bẹ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "beni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "beniŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "baŋa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "benten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "baŋaru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "benin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "benče",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "benleyü",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "benligü",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "pronoun",
"cat2": "personal pronouns"
},
"expansion": "*be",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/be",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"I"
],
"id": "en-be-trk-pro-pron-qD3QzL~-",
"links": [
[
"I",
"I"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "be"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bẹ-niŋ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bẹ-ni"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Chuvash",
"lang_code": "cv",
"roman": "ep̬ĕ",
"word": "эпӗ"
}
],
"lang": "Oghur",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Common Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-cmn-pro",
"word": "*ben"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Khalaj",
"lang_code": "klj",
"word": "mən"
}
],
"lang": "Arghu",
"lang_code": "klj"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "mən"
},
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "-əm"
},
{
"lang": "Qashqai",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "män",
"word": "من"
},
{
"lang": "Qashqai",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "-äm",
"word": "ـم"
},
{
"lang": "Sonqori",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "mä",
"word": "مه"
},
{
"lang": "Sonqori",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "-äm",
"word": "ـم"
}
],
"lang": "Ajem-Turkic",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "män",
"word": "من"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "mən"
},
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "-əm"
},
{
"lang": "Qashqai",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "män",
"word": "من"
},
{
"lang": "Qashqai",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "-äm",
"word": "ـم"
},
{
"lang": "Sonqori",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "mä",
"word": "مه"
},
{
"lang": "Sonqori",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "-äm",
"word": "ـم"
}
],
"lang": "Ajem-Turkic",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "-äm",
"word": "ـم"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "bän"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "-im"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "ben"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "-im"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "ben",
"word": "بن"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "bän"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "-im"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "ben"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "-im"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "-im",
"word": "ـم"
}
],
"lang": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"lang_code": "trk-oat",
"roman": "bän",
"word": "بن"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "mən"
},
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "-əm"
},
{
"lang": "Qashqai",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "män",
"word": "من"
},
{
"lang": "Qashqai",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "-äm",
"word": "ـم"
},
{
"lang": "Sonqori",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "mä",
"word": "مه"
},
{
"lang": "Sonqori",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "-äm",
"word": "ـم"
}
],
"lang": "Ajem-Turkic",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "män",
"word": "من"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "mən"
},
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "-əm"
},
{
"lang": "Qashqai",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "män",
"word": "من"
},
{
"lang": "Qashqai",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "-äm",
"word": "ـم"
},
{
"lang": "Sonqori",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "mä",
"word": "مه"
},
{
"lang": "Sonqori",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "-äm",
"word": "ـم"
}
],
"lang": "Ajem-Turkic",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "-äm",
"word": "ـم"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "bän"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "-im"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "ben"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "-im"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "ben",
"word": "بن"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "bän"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "-im"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "ben"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "-im"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "-im",
"word": "ـم"
}
],
"lang": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"lang_code": "trk-oat",
"roman": "-vän",
"word": "ـون"
},
{
"lang": "Salar",
"lang_code": "slr",
"word": "men"
},
{
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"word": "men"
},
{
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"word": "-in"
}
],
"lang": "Oghuz",
"lang_code": "xqa",
"roman": "bän",
"word": "بَنْ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Uyghur",
"lang_code": "ug",
"roman": "men",
"word": "مەن"
},
{
"lang": "Uyghur",
"lang_code": "ug",
"roman": "-men",
"word": "ـمەن"
},
{
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"word": "men"
},
{
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"word": "-man"
}
],
"lang": "Chagatai",
"lang_code": "chg",
"roman": "män",
"word": "من"
}
],
"lang": "Khorezmian Turkic",
"lang_code": "zkh",
"roman": "bän",
"word": "بن"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Uyghur",
"lang_code": "ug",
"roman": "men",
"word": "مەن"
},
{
"lang": "Uyghur",
"lang_code": "ug",
"roman": "-men",
"word": "ـمەن"
},
{
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"word": "men"
},
{
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"word": "-man"
}
],
"lang": "Chagatai",
"lang_code": "chg",
"roman": "män",
"word": "من"
}
],
"lang": "Khorezmian Turkic",
"lang_code": "zkh",
"roman": "män",
"word": "من"
}
],
"lang": "Karakhanid",
"lang_code": "xqa",
"roman": "män",
"word": "مَنْ"
}
],
"lang": "Karluk",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"roman": "min",
"word": "мин"
},
{
"lang": "Tatar",
"lang_code": "tt",
"roman": "min",
"word": "мин"
}
],
"lang": "North Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"lang_code": "crh",
"word": "men"
},
{
"lang": "Karachay-Balkar",
"lang_code": "krc",
"roman": "men",
"word": "мен"
},
{
"lang": "Karaim",
"lang_code": "kdr",
"word": "мэн"
},
{
"lang": "Kumyk",
"lang_code": "kum",
"roman": "men",
"word": "мен"
}
],
"lang": "West Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Karakalpak",
"lang_code": "kaa",
"word": "мен"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Arabic script",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "men",
"word": "مەن"
},
{
"lang": "Arabic script",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "-mın",
"word": "ـمىن"
},
{
"lang": "Arabic script",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "-bın",
"word": "ـبىن"
},
{
"lang": "Arabic script",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "-pın",
"word": "ـپىن"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "men",
"word": "мен"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "-min",
"word": "-мін"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "-mın",
"word": "-мын"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "-bin",
"word": "-бін"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "-bın",
"word": "-бын"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "-pın",
"word": "-пын"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "-pin",
"word": "-пін"
}
],
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk"
},
{
"lang": "Nogai",
"lang_code": "nog",
"roman": "men",
"word": "мен"
}
],
"lang": "Caspian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "men",
"word": "мен"
},
{
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"lang_code": "alt",
"roman": "men",
"word": "мен"
}
],
"lang": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "South Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Kipchak",
"lang_code": "qwm",
"roman": "män",
"word": "من"
}
],
"lang": "Kipchak",
"lang_code": "qwm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"roman": "mn²",
"word": "𐰢𐰤"
},
{
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"roman": "b²n²",
"word": "𐰋𐰤"
},
{
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"roman": "b²n²",
"word": "𐰌𐰥"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Western Yugur",
"lang_code": "ybe",
"word": "men"
}
],
"lang": "Old Uyghur",
"lang_code": "oui",
"roman": "mn",
"word": "𐽹𐽺"
}
],
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dolgan",
"lang_code": "dlg",
"roman": "min",
"word": "мин"
},
{
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah",
"roman": "min",
"word": "мин"
}
],
"lang": "North Siberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tofa",
"lang_code": "kim",
"roman": "men",
"word": "мен"
},
{
"lang": "Tuvan",
"lang_code": "tyv",
"roman": "men",
"word": "мен"
}
],
"lang": "Sayan Turkic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Khakas",
"lang_code": "kjh",
"roman": "min",
"word": "мин"
},
{
"lang": "Shor",
"lang_code": "cjs",
"roman": "men",
"word": "мен"
}
],
"lang": "Yenisei Turkic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Altai",
"lang_code": "atv",
"roman": "men",
"word": "мен"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Altai",
"lang_code": "atv",
"roman": "bin",
"word": "бин"
}
],
"lang": "South Siberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Siberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*bi",
"t": "I"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *bi (“I”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "*bi",
"t": "I"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tungusic *bi (“I”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Usually compared to Proto-Mongolic *bi (“I”) and Proto-Tungusic *bi (“I”).\nThe Common Turkic form *ben is a result of back formation from the oblique stem *bẹn- with the pronominal-n.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "postposition"
},
"expansion": "*be",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/be",
"pos": "postp",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "we",
"translation": "we",
"word": "biŕ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "72 28 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 43 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 43 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic personal pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 44 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic postpositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes \"to be\" for first person singular when at the end of an object; am"
],
"id": "en-be-trk-pro-postp-2e9g2v5C",
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"am",
"am"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 44 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic postpositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
1
]
],
"english": "I come",
"text": "*kẹlür ben",
"translation": "I come",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes first person singular after various tenses"
],
"id": "en-be-trk-pro-postp-upahch2d",
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "be"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic personal pronouns",
"Proto-Turkic postpositions",
"Proto-Turkic pronouns"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*bi",
"t": "I"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *bi (“I”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "*bi",
"t": "I"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tungusic *bi (“I”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Usually compared to Proto-Mongolic *bi (“I”) and Proto-Tungusic *bi (“I”).\nThe Common Turkic form *ben is a result of back formation from the oblique stem *bẹn- with the pronominal-n.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bẹ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "beni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "beniŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "baŋa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "benten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "baŋaru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "benin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "benče",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "benleyü",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "benligü",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "pronoun",
"cat2": "personal pronouns"
},
"expansion": "*be",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/be",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"I"
],
"links": [
[
"I",
"I"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "be"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic personal pronouns",
"Proto-Turkic postpositions",
"Proto-Turkic pronouns"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bẹ-niŋ"
},
{
"word": "bẹ-ni"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Chuvash",
"lang_code": "cv",
"roman": "ep̬ĕ",
"word": "эпӗ"
}
],
"lang": "Oghur",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Common Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-cmn-pro",
"word": "*ben"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Khalaj",
"lang_code": "klj",
"word": "mən"
}
],
"lang": "Arghu",
"lang_code": "klj"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "mən"
},
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "-əm"
},
{
"lang": "Qashqai",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "män",
"word": "من"
},
{
"lang": "Qashqai",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "-äm",
"word": "ـم"
},
{
"lang": "Sonqori",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "mä",
"word": "مه"
},
{
"lang": "Sonqori",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "-äm",
"word": "ـم"
}
],
"lang": "Ajem-Turkic",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "män",
"word": "من"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "mən"
},
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "-əm"
},
{
"lang": "Qashqai",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "män",
"word": "من"
},
{
"lang": "Qashqai",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "-äm",
"word": "ـم"
},
{
"lang": "Sonqori",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "mä",
"word": "مه"
},
{
"lang": "Sonqori",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "-äm",
"word": "ـم"
}
],
"lang": "Ajem-Turkic",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "-äm",
"word": "ـم"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "bän"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "-im"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "ben"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "-im"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "ben",
"word": "بن"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "bän"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "-im"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "ben"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "-im"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "-im",
"word": "ـم"
}
],
"lang": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"lang_code": "trk-oat",
"roman": "bän",
"word": "بن"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "mən"
},
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "-əm"
},
{
"lang": "Qashqai",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "män",
"word": "من"
},
{
"lang": "Qashqai",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "-äm",
"word": "ـم"
},
{
"lang": "Sonqori",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "mä",
"word": "مه"
},
{
"lang": "Sonqori",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "-äm",
"word": "ـم"
}
],
"lang": "Ajem-Turkic",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "män",
"word": "من"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "mən"
},
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "-əm"
},
{
"lang": "Qashqai",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "män",
"word": "من"
},
{
"lang": "Qashqai",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "-äm",
"word": "ـم"
},
{
"lang": "Sonqori",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "mä",
"word": "مه"
},
{
"lang": "Sonqori",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "-äm",
"word": "ـم"
}
],
"lang": "Ajem-Turkic",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "-äm",
"word": "ـم"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "bän"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "-im"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "ben"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "-im"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "ben",
"word": "بن"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "bän"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "-im"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "ben"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "-im"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "-im",
"word": "ـم"
}
],
"lang": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"lang_code": "trk-oat",
"roman": "-vän",
"word": "ـون"
},
{
"lang": "Salar",
"lang_code": "slr",
"word": "men"
},
{
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"word": "men"
},
{
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"word": "-in"
}
],
"lang": "Oghuz",
"lang_code": "xqa",
"roman": "bän",
"word": "بَنْ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Uyghur",
"lang_code": "ug",
"roman": "men",
"word": "مەن"
},
{
"lang": "Uyghur",
"lang_code": "ug",
"roman": "-men",
"word": "ـمەن"
},
{
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"word": "men"
},
{
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"word": "-man"
}
],
"lang": "Chagatai",
"lang_code": "chg",
"roman": "män",
"word": "من"
}
],
"lang": "Khorezmian Turkic",
"lang_code": "zkh",
"roman": "bän",
"word": "بن"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Uyghur",
"lang_code": "ug",
"roman": "men",
"word": "مەن"
},
{
"lang": "Uyghur",
"lang_code": "ug",
"roman": "-men",
"word": "ـمەن"
},
{
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"word": "men"
},
{
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"word": "-man"
}
],
"lang": "Chagatai",
"lang_code": "chg",
"roman": "män",
"word": "من"
}
],
"lang": "Khorezmian Turkic",
"lang_code": "zkh",
"roman": "män",
"word": "من"
}
],
"lang": "Karakhanid",
"lang_code": "xqa",
"roman": "män",
"word": "مَنْ"
}
],
"lang": "Karluk",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"roman": "min",
"word": "мин"
},
{
"lang": "Tatar",
"lang_code": "tt",
"roman": "min",
"word": "мин"
}
],
"lang": "North Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"lang_code": "crh",
"word": "men"
},
{
"lang": "Karachay-Balkar",
"lang_code": "krc",
"roman": "men",
"word": "мен"
},
{
"lang": "Karaim",
"lang_code": "kdr",
"word": "мэн"
},
{
"lang": "Kumyk",
"lang_code": "kum",
"roman": "men",
"word": "мен"
}
],
"lang": "West Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Karakalpak",
"lang_code": "kaa",
"word": "мен"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Arabic script",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "men",
"word": "مەن"
},
{
"lang": "Arabic script",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "-mın",
"word": "ـمىن"
},
{
"lang": "Arabic script",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "-bın",
"word": "ـبىن"
},
{
"lang": "Arabic script",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "-pın",
"word": "ـپىن"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "men",
"word": "мен"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "-min",
"word": "-мін"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "-mın",
"word": "-мын"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "-bin",
"word": "-бін"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "-bın",
"word": "-бын"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "-pın",
"word": "-пын"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "-pin",
"word": "-пін"
}
],
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk"
},
{
"lang": "Nogai",
"lang_code": "nog",
"roman": "men",
"word": "мен"
}
],
"lang": "Caspian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "men",
"word": "мен"
},
{
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"lang_code": "alt",
"roman": "men",
"word": "мен"
}
],
"lang": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "South Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Kipchak",
"lang_code": "qwm",
"roman": "män",
"word": "من"
}
],
"lang": "Kipchak",
"lang_code": "qwm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"roman": "mn²",
"word": "𐰢𐰤"
},
{
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"roman": "b²n²",
"word": "𐰋𐰤"
},
{
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"roman": "b²n²",
"word": "𐰌𐰥"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Western Yugur",
"lang_code": "ybe",
"word": "men"
}
],
"lang": "Old Uyghur",
"lang_code": "oui",
"roman": "mn",
"word": "𐽹𐽺"
}
],
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dolgan",
"lang_code": "dlg",
"roman": "min",
"word": "мин"
},
{
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah",
"roman": "min",
"word": "мин"
}
],
"lang": "North Siberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tofa",
"lang_code": "kim",
"roman": "men",
"word": "мен"
},
{
"lang": "Tuvan",
"lang_code": "tyv",
"roman": "men",
"word": "мен"
}
],
"lang": "Sayan Turkic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Khakas",
"lang_code": "kjh",
"roman": "min",
"word": "мин"
},
{
"lang": "Shor",
"lang_code": "cjs",
"roman": "men",
"word": "мен"
}
],
"lang": "Yenisei Turkic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Altai",
"lang_code": "atv",
"roman": "men",
"word": "мен"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Altai",
"lang_code": "atv",
"roman": "bin",
"word": "бин"
}
],
"lang": "South Siberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Siberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*bi",
"t": "I"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *bi (“I”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "*bi",
"t": "I"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tungusic *bi (“I”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Usually compared to Proto-Mongolic *bi (“I”) and Proto-Tungusic *bi (“I”).\nThe Common Turkic form *ben is a result of back formation from the oblique stem *bẹn- with the pronominal-n.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "postposition"
},
"expansion": "*be",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/be",
"pos": "postp",
"related": [
{
"english": "we",
"translation": "we",
"word": "biŕ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes \"to be\" for first person singular when at the end of an object; am"
],
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"am",
"am"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Turkic terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
1
]
],
"english": "I come",
"text": "*kẹlür ben",
"translation": "I come",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes first person singular after various tenses"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "be"
}
Download raw JSONL data for be meaning in Proto-Turkic (12.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Turkic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.