āŕ

Oghur:

→⇒ Eastern Mari: орлу́до (orlúdo), оръе́ҥ (orjéŋ), орйы́лме (orjýlme)

→⇒ Western Mari: аргек (argek), арвӓты (arväty)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: hâz

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: az

Ottoman Turkish: آز (az)

Gagauz: az

Turkish: az

Salar: az

Turkmen: āz

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (az)

Chagatai: [script needed] (az)

Uzbek: oz

Uyghur: ئاز (az)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: аз (az)

Bashkir: аҙ (aź)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: аз (az)

Crimean Tatar: az

Kumyk: аз (az)

Karaim: аз

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: аз (az)

Karakalpak: аз

Nogai: аз (az)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: аз (az)

Southern Altai: ас (as)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (az)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (az)

Western Yugur: az

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: аз (az)

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (as)

Shor: [script needed] (as)

Compare Proto-Mongolic *aray (“scarcely, just a little”).


ōr-

Oghur:

Chuvash: вар (var)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

desc

Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (or), [Term?] (“oru”)

Turkish: or (dialect)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (or-)

Siberian:

Yakut: ороо (oroo)

Dolgan: ороо


kab-

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *kab-ur- (“to unite, bring together”)

Oghur:

Danube Bulgar:

→ Bulgarian: Кубрат (Kubrat)

→ Greek: Κοβρᾶτος (Kobrâtos)

Oghuz:

Turkmen: gowurmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (qavur-)

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: [script needed] (qabïr-)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (qavïr-)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: [script needed] (xavïr-)

Tofa: [script needed] (xabïr-)

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *kab-ïĺč- (“to be brought together, to approach each other, reciprocative of *kab-”)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: govuşmaq

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: kavuşmak, kavşak

Gagauz: kauşmaa

Turkmen: gowuşmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (qawış-)

Uzbek: qowushmoq

Uyghur: [script needed] (qawış-) (dialect)

Kipchak: [script needed] (qawuş-)

Kipchak: [script needed] (qawşut)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: [script needed] (qawış-)

Tatar: [script needed] (qawış-)

West Kipchak:

Karaim: [script needed] (qawuş-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (qawıs-)

Kazakh: қауысу (qauysu)

Nogai: [script needed] (qawış-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: коошуу (kooşuu)

Siberian:

Yenisei Kyrgyz: [script needed] (qavïš-)

Old Turkic: 𐰴𐰉𐰽 (qabïš-)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (qavïš-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (qawïs-)

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *kab-ït-

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (qavït-, “to come across”)

→? Proto-Mongolic: *kabi-

⇒ Proto-Mongolic: *kabi-ra- (“to touch, whet; to stand close to one another”)

Mongolian: хавирах (xavirax, “to grind, whet”)

⇒ Proto-Mongolic: *kabi-ldu

Mongolian: хавилдуу (xavilduu, “close, nearby”)

Mongolian: хавьтах (xavʹtax, “to come up beside; to couple; to approach; to have a sexual intercourse”)


tumagu

tumagu (nominative singular)
tumagular (nominative plural)
tumagunïŋ (genitive singular)
tumagularnïŋ (genitive plural)
tumaguka (dative singular)
tumagularka (dative plural)
tumaguda (locative singular)
tumagularda (locative plural)
tumagudan (ablative singular)
tumagulardan (ablative plural)
tumagularïn (instrumental plural)
tumaguča (equative singular)
tumagularča (equative plural)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: tumov

Ottoman Turkish: طوماغی (tumağı)

Turkish: dumağı

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (tumağu)

Uzbek: [script needed] (tumáv)

Uyghur: تۇمۇ (tumu)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: томау (tomaw)

Bashkir: тымау (tımaw)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: тұмау (tūmau)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: тумоо (tumoo)

Southern Altai: тыму (tïmu)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tumağu)

North Siberian:

Yakut: тумуу (tumuu)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: [script needed] (dumaa)

Tofa: [script needed] (tumaa)

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (tımo)

From Proto-Turkic *tum (“cold”), *tuma- + *-gu. It seems that Proto-Turkic *tuma- created only to create *tumagu since the verb form is unattested.


keč-

Oghur:

Chuvash: каҫ (kaś)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: kəçmək

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: keçmək, (South Azerbaijani) geçmək

Ottoman Turkish: گچمك (geçmek)

Turkish: geçmek

Gagauz: geçmää

Turkmen: geçmek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (keç-)

Chagatai:

Uyghur: كەچـ (kech-)

Uzbek: kechmoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: кисеү (kisew)

Tatar:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar:

Karachay-Balkar:

Karaim:

Kumyk:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak:

Kazakh: кешу (keşu)

Nogai:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кечүү (kecüü)

Southern Altai: кечер (kečer)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰚𐰲 (kč)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (keç-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (keş-)

North Siberian:

Dolgan:

Yakut: кэс (kes)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa:

Tuvan: кежер (kejer)

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (kiç-)

Shor:


kïŕ

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (kız, “hot”)

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *kïŕïl (“red”)

Turkmen: gyzyl

Yakut: кыһыл (kıhıl)

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *kïŕ-ar- (“to become red”)

Karakhanid: قِزَرْماقْ (qïzarmāq)

Bashkir: ҡыҙарыу (qıźarıw)

Turkmen: gyzarmak

Yakut: кытар (kıtar)

Akin to *kï̄ŕ- (“to be red”). The root is not directly attested, therefore the meaning is obscure. However compare Proto-Turkic *kï̄r (“grey”) (Turkish kır (“grey”)), Proto-Mongolic *küri (“brown”) (cf. Mongolian хүрэн (xüren, “brown”)), Proto-Tungusic *xuri- (“grey”) (cf. Evenki урим (urim, “grey”)).


yï̄l-

Oghur:

Volga Bulgar:

→ Bashkir: шылғаҡ (şılğaq, “slippery”)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: yılmak

Karluk:

Chagatai: [script needed] (yılmaq)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: [script needed] (yıl-)

South Kipchak:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жылуу (jıluu)

Southern Altai: јыл- (ǰïl-)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: сыыл (sııl)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: [script needed] (čɨl-)

Tuvan: [script needed] (čɨl-)

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (čɨl-)


kïlï̄č

kïlï̄č (nominative singular)
kïlï̄čïg (accusative singular)
kïlï̄čnï (accusative singular)
kïlï̄čnïŋ (genitive singular)
kïlï̄čka (dative singular)
kïlï̄čda (locative singular)
kïlï̄čdan (ablative singular)
kïlï̄čgaru (allative singular)
kïlï̄čïn (instrumental singular)
kïlï̄čča (equative singular)
kïlï̄člayu (singular)
kïlï̄člïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: хӗҫ (hĕś)

→ Proto-Permic: *kiś (see there for further descendants)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: qılîç

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qılınc

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: قلج
Turkish: kılıç
→ Armenian: խըլըճ (xələč), կըլըջ (kələǰ), ղլիճ (ġlič)

Gagauz: kılıç

Salar: gılış

Turkmen: gylyç

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (kılıç)

Chagatai: [script needed] (kılıç)

Uyghur: قىلىچ (qilich)

Uzbek: qilich

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡылыс (qılıs)

Tatar: кылыч (qılıç)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: qılıç

Karachay-Balkar: къылыч (qılıç)

Karaim: къылыч

Kumyk: къылыч (qılıç)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: қылыш

Kazakh: қылыш (qylyş)

Nogai: кылыш (kılış)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кылыч (kılıc)

Southern Altai: кылыш (kïlïš)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰶𐰃𐰞𐰲 (q̊²il¹č)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (qılıç)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (qılıš)

North Siberian:

Dolgan:

Yakut: кылыс (kılıs)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa:

Tuvan: [script needed] (xılış)

Yenisei:

Khakas: хылыс (xılıs)

Shor: қылыш


korguĺčïn

korguĺčïn (nominative singular)
korguĺčïnïg (accusative singular)
korguĺčïnnï (accusative singular)
korguĺčïnnïŋ (genitive singular)
korguĺčïnka (dative singular)
korguĺčïnta (locative singular)
korguĺčïntan (ablative singular)
korguĺčïngaru (allative singular)
korguĺčïnïn (instrumental singular)
korguĺčïnča (equative singular)
korguĺčïnlayu (singular)
korguĺčïnlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

→? Proto-Mongolic: *korguljin

Mongolian: хорголжин (xorgolžin)

Kalmyk: хорһлҗн (xorğljn)

→ Tuvan: коргулчун (korgulçun)

→ Southern Altai: корголјын (korgolǰïn)

→ Kamassian: корголджән (korgolʒ́ən)

Common Turkic: *qorɣušïn

Proto-Oghuz: *gorɣušun

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qurğuşun

Ottoman Turkish: قورشون (kurşun), قورشوم (kurşum)
Turkish: kurşun
Gagauz: kurşum
→ Armenian: խուռշին (xuṙšin)
→ Bulgarian: куршу́м (kuršúm)
→ Macedonian: куршум (kuršum)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ку̀ршум
Latin script: kùršum

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: gurşun

Karluk:

desc

Karakhanid: قُرُغْژٖينْ

Karakhanid: قُرُغْژٖينْ

Chagatai: قرغشون (qorğašun)

Uzbek: qoʻrgʻoshin

Uyghur: قوغۇشۇن (qoghushun)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡурғаш (qurğaş)

Tatar: кургаш (qurgaş), кургашын (qurgaşın)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: qurşun

Karachay-Balkar: къоргъашын (qorğaşın)

Karaim: коргъашын, korgašyn

Kumyk: къоргъашын (qorğaşın)

Kumyk: къоргъашын (qorğaşın)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: қорғасын

Kazakh: қорғасын (qorğasyn)

Nogai: коргасын (korgasın)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: коргошун (korgoşun)

Southern Altai: коргожын (korgožïn)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: хорғамҷыл

Khakas: хорғамҷыл

Shor: қорғачын (qorğačïn)


āŋ

Oghur:

Chuvash: ӑн (ăn)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Turkmen: āň

Karluk:

Chagatai: [script needed] (aŋ)

Uzbek: ong

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: аң (añ)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: аң (añ)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: аң (aŋ)

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *āŋgar-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ӑнкар (ănk̬ar)

Common Turkic:

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: аңғарыу (añğarıw)

Tatar: [script needed] (añğarau)

⇒ Common Turkic: *āŋsïz

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: اكسز, اكسوز

Azerbaijani: ansız, ansızın

Ottoman Turkish: آكسوز (añsuz), اكسز (añsız)

Turkish: ansız, ansızın

Turkmen: āňsyz

Karluk:

Chagatai: [script needed] (aŋsız)

Uzbek: ongsiz

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: аңсыз (añsyz), аңсызда (añsyzda)

āŋ-sïz-ïn

*āŋ-sïz (“mindless, foolish; without understanding, without intelligence”)

without understanding, without intelligence (inst.)


kāp

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qab

Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (qap)

Gagauz: kap (kab-)

Turkish: kap (kab-)

Salar: qap, qab

Turkmen: gāp (gāb-)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (qap)

Uyghur: [script needed] (qap)

Uzbek: qop

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡап (qap)

Tatar: [script needed] (qap)

West-Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: qap

Kumyk: [script needed] (qap)

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (qap)

Karaim: [script needed] (qap)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: qap

Kazakh: қап (qap)

Nogai: [script needed] (qap)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кап (kap)

Southern Altai: кап (kap)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [[#Old_Uyghur|]]

Western Yugur: qap

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: [script needed] (qap)

Tofa: [script needed] (qap)

Yenisei:

Shor: [script needed] (qap)

Khakas: [script needed] (xap)

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 匣 (ɦˠap̚)
Compare to Proto-Mongolic *kabtaga(n) (“sack”). . Not to be confused with *kap- (“to close”).


teŕ-

Oghur:

Chuvash: тар (tar)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: təzmək

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: təzmək

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: tezmek (dialectal)

Turkmen: tezmek, tez (“timid; not accustomed (for people); One side! Go away! (for animals)”)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: تَزْماكْ (tezmēk)

Uyghur: تەزمەك (tezmek)

Kipchak:

East Kipchak

Southern Altai: тезе- (teze-, “to speak (fastly)”), тес- (tes-, “to run away”)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰔 (t²z /tez-/)

⇒ Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰔𐰃𐰏 (t²zig /tezig/)

Yakut: тэһии (tehii)

Dolgan: тэһии

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tez-)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: [script needed] (des-)

Tuvan: [script needed] (des-)

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (tis-)

→? Middle Persian: [script needed] (tyc /tēz/, “quick”)

Persian: تیز

→ Kazakh: тез (tez)

→ Kyrgyz: тез (tez)

→ Tatar: тиз (tiz)

→ Bashkir: тиҙ (tiź)

→ Uzbek: tez

→ Uyghur: تېز (tëz)

→ Crimean Tatar: tez

→ Uzbek: tez

→ Karaim: тэз

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (tez)

Azerbaijani: tez

Ottoman Turkish: تیز (tez)

Turkish: tez

→ Middle Armenian: թէզ (tʻēz)

Armenian: թեզ (tʻez)

→ Turkmen: tīz

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *terk

Karakhanid: تَرْكْ (terk, “speed”)

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *terkin

Common Turkic:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (terkin)

Karakhanid: تَرْكِنْ (terkin)

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *tergi- (“to run away, flee”), Manchu [script needed] (čir, “quickly”).
Although the verb form is not used much in today's Turkic languages, it is frequently used in Old Turkic inscriptions. *qač- is never mentioned in two of the three Göktürk khaganate inscriptions, but tez- is mentioned in many. *teŕ- looks more archaic.


ạ̄gu

ạ̄gu (nominative singular)
ạ̄gular (nominative plural)
ạ̄gunïŋ (genitive singular)
ạ̄gularnïŋ (genitive plural)
ạ̄guka (dative singular)
ạ̄gularka (dative plural)
ạ̄guda (locative singular)
ạ̄gularda (locative plural)
ạ̄gudan (ablative singular)
ạ̄gulardan (ablative plural)
ạ̄gularïn (instrumental plural)
ạ̄guča (equative singular)
ạ̄gularča (equative plural)

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: ağı

Ottoman Turkish: اغو (ağu)

Turkish: ağı

East Oghuz:

Salar: ağu

Turkmen: āwy

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (ağı)

Chagatai:

Uzbek: [script needed] (ɔɣu)

Uyghur: ئوغا (ogha), (obsolete) ئاغۇ (aghu)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ағыу (ağıw)

Tatar: агу (ağu)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: [script needed] (aɣu)

Karachay-Balkar: уу (uu)

Karaim: [script needed] (aɣu)

⇒ Kumyk: агъувлу (ağuwlu)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: [script needed] (ağu) (dialect), Kazakh: у (u)

Nogai: [script needed] (ağuw)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (ağu)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ağu)

Western Yugur: ağa

North Siberian:

Yakut: ыы (ıı)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tofa: аа

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: оо (oo)

Perhaps related to Proto-Tungusic *gū (“poison”), compare Nanai гу (gu, “poison”).


orna-

Oghur:

Chuvash: вырнаҫ (vyrnaś)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (ornamak), [script needed] (ornatmak)

→? Turkish: ornamak, ornatmak

Salar: ornaş, ornat

Turkmen: ornamak, ornaşmak, ornatmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (ornamaq), [script needed] (ornatmaq)

Chagatai:

Uzbek: o'rnatmoq

Kipchak:

South Siberian:

Caspian:

Kazakh: орнау (ornau), орнату (ornatu)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak

Southern Altai: орно- (orno-), орнош- (ornoš-), орноштыр- (ornoštïr-)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (orna-), [script needed] (ornan-)

From Proto-Turkic *orun + *-a, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *or-.


būta-

Oghur:

⇒ Chuvash: пăта (păta, “nail”)

Common Turkic: *būta-

Oghuz:

Proto-Oghuz: *būda-

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (buda-)

Azerbaijani: budamaq

Ottoman Turkish: بودامق (buda-)

Gagauz: budamaa

Turkish: budamak

Salar: budağusı

Turkmen: pūdamak

Karluk:

Karakhanid:

Khorezmian Turkic:

Chagatai:

Uzbek: putamoq

Uyghur: [script needed] (putamaq)

Kipchak:

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: [script needed] (bota-)

Tatar: [script needed] (bota-)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar:

Karachay-Balkar:

Karaim:

Kumyk:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak:

Kazakh: бұтау (būtau)

Nogai:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: бутоо (butoo)

Southern Altai: будаар (budaar)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur:

Western Yugur:

North Siberian:

Dolgan:

Yakut:

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan:

Tofa:

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas:

Shor:


kapgak

kapgak (nominative singular)
kapgaklar (nominative plural)
kapgaknïŋ (genitive singular)
kapgaklarnïŋ (genitive plural)
kapgakka (dative singular)
kapgaklarka (dative plural)
kapgakta (locative singular)
kapgaklarda (locative plural)
kapgaktan (ablative singular)
kapgaklardan (ablative plural)
kapgaklarïn (instrumental plural)
kapgakča (equative singular)
kapgaklarča (equative plural)

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qapaq

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: قپاق (kapak)
Turkish: kapak
→ Northern Kurdish: qepax, qapax
→ Albanian: kapak
→ Armenian: ղափաղ (ġapʻaġ), խափախ (xapʻax), կափաղ (kapʻaġ)
→ Bulgarian: капак (kapak)
→ Greek: καπάκι (kapáki)
→ Macedonian: капак (kapak)
→ Romanian: capac
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: капак
Latin script: kapak

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: gapak

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: капкак (kapkak)

Southern Altai: какпак (kakpak)

Karluk:

desc

Karakhanid: [script needed] (qapɣaq, “cover”)

Uzbek: qopqoq

Uyghur: قاپقاق (qapqaq)

From Proto-Turkic *kap- (“to cover”) + *-gak.


sōlï-

Oghur:

Chuvash: сывла (syvla)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

⇒ Azerbaijani: soluq

Ottoman Turkish: صولومق

Gagauz: solumaa

Turkish: solumak

⇒ Salar: solaq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: [script needed] (solu-)

Tatar: суларга (sularga)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (solu-)

Karaim: [script needed] (solu-)

Kumyk: [script needed] (solu-)

East Kipchak:

Caspian:

солығын басу

>? Kazakh: солық (solyq, “sperm”), солығын басу (solyğyn basu, “to stop crying”)

Nogai: [script needed] (solıq-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: соолыыр (soolïïr)

Siberian:

Yakut: уолуй (uoluy)


-rak

Oghur:

Chuvash: -рах (-rah), -рех (-reh)

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: -راق (-raq)

Azerbaijani: -raq, -rək (archaic) as in yaxşıraq (“better”)

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: sarımtırak

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: -rak, -räk

Salar: -raq, -rek

Karluk:

Uzbek: -roq

Uyghur: ـراق (-raq), ـرەك (-rek)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: -раҡ (-raq), -рәк (-rək)

Tatar: -рак (-raq), -рәк (-räk)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: -раак (-raak), -рээк (-reek)

Southern Altai: -арык (-arïk), -ерик (-yerik), -ӧрик (-örik)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: -рақ (-raq), -рек (-rek)

eskü (“old”) + *-rak → *eskürek (“older”)

tātlïg (“tasty”) + *-rak → *tātlïgrak (“tastier”)

Marks the comparative degree of adjectives. Equivalent to English -er.


bȫrü

bȫrü (nominative singular)
bȫrüg (accusative singular)
bȫrüni (accusative singular)
bȫrünüŋ (genitive singular)
bȫrüke (dative singular)
bȫrüde (locative singular)
bȫrüden (ablative singular)
bȫrügerü (allative singular)
bȫrün (instrumental singular)
bȫrüče (equative singular)
bȫrüleyü (singular)
bȫrülügü (comitative singular)

Arghu:

Khalaj: bö̂ri

Oghuz:

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: börü

Turkmen: böri

Salar: büri

Karluk:

West Karluk:

Uzbek: boʻri

East Karluk:

Chagatai: بورى (böri)

Uyghur: بۆرە (böre)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Karaim: bioriu

Kumyk: бёрю (börü)

Karachay-Balkar: бёрю (börü)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: бөрү (börü)

Southern Altai: бӧрӱ (börü)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: бүре (büre)

Tatar: бүре (büre)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: бөрі (börı)

Nogai: боьри (böri)

Karakalpak: bo'ri

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰋𐰇𐰼𐰃 (böri)

North Siberian:

Yakut: бөрө (börö)

Dolgan: бөрө

South Siberian:

Tuvan: бөрү (börü)

Shor: пӧрӱ (pörü)

Khakas: пӱӱр (püür)

Northern Altai: пӧри (pöri), бӧри (böri), мӱре (müre), мӱри (müri)


tǖr-

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

⇒ Azerbaijani: dürmək

Ottoman Turkish: دورمك (dürmek)

Gagauz: dürmää

Turkish: dürmek

Salar: dür

Turkmen: düýrmek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (türmek)

Chagatai:

Uyghur: [script needed] (tür-)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: төр- (tör-)

Tatar: төр- (tör-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: türiw

Kazakh: түру (türu)

Nogai: [script needed] (tür-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: түрүү (türüü)

Southern Altai: тӱрер (türer)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: түүр (tüür)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: [script needed] (dür-)

Tuvan: [script needed] (dür-)

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (tür-)

(Common Turkic, transitive) to fold, roll together


čākïr-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫухӑр (śuh̬ăr)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz: جَقْرِشْماقْ (çaqrışmâq)

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: çağırmaq

→ Khalaj: çağurmaq

Ottoman Turkish: چاغرمق (çağırmak)

Gagauz: çaarmaa

Turkish: çağırmak

Salar: çıqrağusı

Turkmen: çāgyrmak

Karluk:

Chagatai:

Uyghur: چاقىرماق (chaqirmaq)

Uzbek: chaqirmoq

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: шақыру (şaqyru)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak

Southern Altai: чакырым (čakïrïm), чакыр- (čakïr-, “deadly verb”)

A Common Turkic word formed by a sound reflection; *čā ~ *čar + *-kïr. See related terms:
* *bā-kïr-
* *kē-kir-
* *ā-kïr-
* *tüp-kür-
In the words formed in this way, the voicing that should be in the Kipchaks does not occur.


sēk-

Oghur:

Chuvash: сик (sik)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: səkmək

Ottoman Turkish: سكمك (sekmek)

Turkish: sekmek

Turkmen: sekmek, sǟkdirmek

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *sēkri-

Oghuz: *sēkri-

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (segirmek), [script needed] (segrimek)

Azerbaijani: səyirmək, səyrimək

Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (segirmek), [script needed] (segrimek)

Turkish: seğirmek, seğrimek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (sekri-), [script needed] (sekriş-), [script needed] (sekrit-)

Chagatai:

Uyghur: [script needed] (säkrä-)

Uzbek: sakramoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һикереү (hikerew)

Tatar: [script needed] (siker-)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: [script needed] (sekir-)

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (sekir-)

Karaim: [script needed] (sekir-)

Kumyk:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: sekiriw

Kazakh: секіру (sekıru)

Nogai: [script needed] (sekir-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: секирер (sekirer)

Kyrgyz: секирүү (sekirüü)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Dolgan: иккирее

Dolgan: иккирее

Yakut: иккирие (ikkiriye)

South Kipchak:

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (segir-)

Shor: [script needed] (segri-)


lāčïn

desctree

Middle Mongol: ᠨᠠᠴᠢᠨ (način)
Mongolian: начин (način)
→ Tuvan: начин (naçin)
→ Korean: 난추니 (nanchuni)

Oghur:

Chuvash: лачӑм (lač̬ăm), лаччӑн (laččăn)

Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: laçın

Turkish: laçın

Turkmen: laçyn

Karluk:

Karakhanid: لاچِنْ (lačin)

Uyghur: لاچىن (lachin)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ыласын (ılasın)

Tatar: лачын (laçın)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: лачин (laçin)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: лашын (laşyn)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: ылаачын (ılaacın)

Southern Altai: ылаачын (ïlaačïn)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Shor: лачын (laçın)

The ultimate origin is unknown but thought to be external, due to the initial consonant /l/ being untypical for native Turkic lexicon. The source is believed to be other than Mongolic, since the areas where the term occurs is untypical for Mongolic borrowings in Turkic. Mongolian начин (način) is considered to be a borrowing from Turkic itself, whereas Tuvan начин (naçin) is a back-loan from Mongolian. Clauson believes the source to be ultimately Tokharian .
Also, compare with Proto-Nakh *laači (“falcon”); Lak лачин (lačin, “falcon”); Avar лаче́н (lačén, “falcon”). Nishanyan proposes a derivation from Proto-Turkic *ala + *-čin by apheresis.


sa(r)pan

Oghur: *sarpan

desc

Chuvash: сурпан (surp̬an, “plough breast”)

Khazar:

→? Kumyk: сарапан (sarapan, “plough breast”)

Oghuz: *sāban

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: sapan

Ottoman Turkish: صبان (saban)

Turkish: saban

Salar: sovan

Turkmen: sāwan (dialect)

Karluk: *sapan

Karakhanid: سَبَنْ (saban/sapan)

Chagatai:

Uyghur: ساپان (sapan)

Kipchak: *saban

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һабан (haban)

Tatar: сабан (saban)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar:

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (saban)

Karaim: [script needed] (saban)

Kumyk: сабан (saban)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: сабан (saban)

Nogai: [script needed] (saban)

Do not confuse with Proto-Turkic *sapan.


sö-

Proto-Turkic: *sömek (“word, speech”)

Chuvash: сӑмах (sămah)

desctree

Proto-Turkic: *söŕ (“word, speech”)
Arghu
Khalaj: söz
Oghuz
West Oghuz
Azerbaijani: söz
Gagauz: söz
Ottoman Turkish: سوز (söz)
Turkish: söz
East Oghuz
Turkmen: söz
Salar
Salar: söz
Karluk
East Karluk
Chagatai: سوز (söz)
Uyghur: سۆز (söz)
West Karluk
Uzbek:
Cyrillic script: сўз (soʻz)
Latin script: soʻz
Kipchak
Kipchak-Ural
Bashkir: һүҙ (hüź)
Tatar:
Cyrillic script: сүз (süz)
Latin script: süz
West Kipchak
Crimean Tatar: söz
Karachay-Balkar: сёз (söz)
Karaim:
Latin script: söz
Cyrillic script: сӧз
Kumyk: сёз (söz)
Kipchak-Nogai
Karakalpak: sóz
Kazakh: сөз (söz)
Nogai: соьз (söz)
Kyrgyz-Kipcak
Kyrgyz: сөз (söz)
Southern Altai: сӧс (sös)
Old Turkic: 𐰾𐰇𐰔 (söz)
Siberian
South Siberian
Yenissei Turkic
Khakas: сӧс
Shor: сӧс (sös)
Sayan Turkic
Soyot сөс (sös)
Tuvan: сөс (sös)
North Siberian
Dolgan: өс (ös)
Yakut: өс (ös)

Proto-Turkic: *sörčük, *sörček (“short story”)

desc

Karakhanid: سُرْجُكْ (sörčük, “a story told at night”)

Oghuz: سُرْجَكْ (sörček, “a story told at night”)

sö-z-le-n-

to start a conversation, to mutter, to mention


čï̄pïn

Oghuz: čï̄pïn

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: çibin

Ottoman Turkish: جبین (cibin)

Turkish: cibin

Salar: cüyin, cüvin

Turkmen: çȳbyn

Common Turkic:

Karluk:

Chagatai: چیبین (çibin)

Uyghur: چىۋىن (chiwin)

Uzbek: chivin

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: чебен (çeben)

→ Udmurt: чибинь (ćibiń, “mosquito”)

Kipchak–Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: чибин (çibin), çibin

Karachay-Balkar: чибин (çibin)

Karaim: чибинь (çibin), чыбын (çıbın)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: чымын (cımın)

Southern Altai: чымын (čïmïn)


yāpa

Oghuz: *yāpa

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yaba

Ottoman Turkish:

Gagauz: yaba

Turkish: yaba

Salar: yova

Turkmen: ýāba

Kipchak: *yaba

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: jaba

Kazakh: жаба (jaba)


art-

Oghur:

Chuvash:

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (art-)

Azerbaijani: artmaq

Ottoman Turkish: آرتمق (artmak)

Turkish: artmak

Gagauz: artmaa

⇒ Salar: ahduq

Turkmen: artmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (artmaq)

Uzbek: ortmoq

Uyghur: ئارتماق (artmaq)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: артыу (artıw)

Tatar: арту (artu)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: artmak

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: артуу (artuu)

Southern Altai: артар (artar)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (art-)

Kazakh: арту (artu)

Siberian:

North Siberian

Yakut: орт (ort)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas: артарға (artarğa)


tẹ

tẹ (nominative singular)
tẹni (accusative singular)
tẹniŋ (genitive singular)
tẹŋe (dative singular)
tẹnte (locative singular)
tẹnten (ablative singular)
tẹŋerü (allative singular)
tẹn (instrumental singular)
tẹnče (equative singular)
tẹnleyü (singular)
tẹnligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: те (te)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Gagauz: te bu (“this there”), te o (“that there”)

East Oghuz:

Salar: düğü, tüü

Turkmen: şütki, şütüki, bitiki

Kipchak:

Cuman: [script needed] (tigi)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: теге (tege)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: [script needed] (tigi) (dialectal)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: тиги (tigi)

Southern Altai: тиги (tigi), ту (tu)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Dolgan: ити (iti)

Yakut: ити (iti)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tofa: тээ (tee)

Tuvan: дөө (döö)

Yeniseian Turkic:

Khakas: теге (tege, “so, thus”)

Comparable to Proto-Mongolic *te (“that”), Proto-Tungusic *ta- (“that”), Proto-Uralic *tä (“that”). Compare also modern Mongolian тэр (ter) and Evenki тар (tar).
Some of the descendants point to a derivation *tẹ + *-ki. The reasoning for rounding in some forms is uncertain.


ȫk-

Old Turkic: [script needed] (ük-)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ük-)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اُكْماكْ (ökmek)

⇒ Karakhanid: اُكْليماكْ (öklimek)

اُكْتُرْماكْ

⇒ Karakhanid: اُكْتُرْماكْ (öktürmek) (transitive)

اُكْلُتْماكْ

⇒ Karakhanid: اُكْلُتْماكْ (öklütmek)

اُكْتُرْماكْ

⇒ Karakhanid: اُكْتُرْماكْ (öktürmek)

⇒ Karakhanid: اُكْلُشماكْ (öklüşmek)

اُكْلَنْماكْ

⇒ Karakhanid: اُكْلَنْماكْ (öklenmek)


kǖd-

kǖdmek (infinitive)
kǖdgen (participle present)
kǖdügme (participle present)
kǖder (participle present)
kǖddük (participle past)
kǖdmiš (participle past)
kǖddeči (future participle)
kǖdmekči (future participle)
kǖdsik (future participle)
kǖdeček (future participle)
kǖdme (noun-from-verb)
kǖdüg (noun-from-verb)
kǖdgü (noun-from-verb)
kǖdüš (adverbial)
kǖder ben (aorist indicative singular)
kǖder sen (aorist indicative singular)
kǖder (aorist indicative singular)
kǖder biz (aorist indicative plural)
kǖder siz (aorist indicative plural)
kǖder (aorist indicative plural)
kǖddüm (indicative past singular)
kǖddüŋ (indicative past singular)
kǖddi (indicative past singular)
kǖddük (indicative past plural)
kǖddümüz (indicative past plural)
kǖddüŋüz (indicative past plural)
kǖddi (indicative past plural)
kǖdmiš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
kǖdmiš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
kǖdmiš (indicative inferential past singular)
kǖdmiš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
kǖdmiš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
kǖdmiš (indicative inferential past plural)
kǖddeči ben (future indicative singular)
kǖdmekči ben (future indicative singular)
kǖdeček ben (future indicative singular)
kǖddeči sen (future indicative singular)
kǖdmekči sen (future indicative singular)
kǖdeček sen (future indicative singular)
kǖddeči (future indicative singular)
kǖdmekči (future indicative singular)
kǖdeček (future indicative singular)
kǖddeči biz (future indicative plural)
kǖdmekči biz (future indicative plural)
kǖdeček biz (future indicative plural)
kǖddeči siz (future indicative plural)
kǖdmekči siz (future indicative plural)
kǖdeček siz (future indicative plural)
kǖddeči (future indicative plural)
kǖdmekči (future indicative plural)
kǖdeček (future indicative plural)
kǖdgey ben (future indicative singular)
kǖdgey sen (future indicative singular)
kǖdgey (future indicative singular)
kǖdgey biz (future indicative plural)
kǖdgey siz (future indicative plural)
kǖdgey (future indicative plural)
kǖdsüküm (future indicative singular)
kǖdsüküŋ (future indicative singular)
kǖdsük (future indicative singular)
kǖdsükümüz (future indicative plural)
kǖdsüküŋüz (future indicative plural)
kǖdsük (future indicative plural)
kǖdsem (conditional singular)
kǖdser ben (conditional singular)
kǖdseŋ (conditional singular)
kǖdser sen (conditional singular)
kǖdse (conditional singular)
kǖdser (conditional singular)
kǖdsek (conditional plural)
kǖdsemiz (conditional plural)
kǖdser biz (conditional plural)
kǖdseŋiz (conditional plural)
kǖdser siz (conditional plural)
kǖdseler (conditional plural)
kǖdser (conditional plural)
kǖdgey ben (optative singular)
kǖdgey sen (optative singular)
kǖdgey (optative singular)
kǖdgey biz (optative plural)
kǖdgey siz (optative plural)
kǖdgey (optative plural)
kǖdmekde ben (progressive singular)
kǖdmekde sen (progressive singular)
kǖdmekde (progressive singular)
kǖdmekde biz (plural progressive)
kǖdmekde siz (plural progressive)
kǖdmekde (plural progressive)
kǖdmelig ben (necessitative singular)
kǖdmelig sen (necessitative singular)
kǖdmelig (necessitative singular)
kǖdmelig biz (necessitative plural)
kǖdmelig siz (necessitative plural)
kǖdmelig (necessitative plural)
kǖdeyin (imperative singular)
kǖd (imperative singular)
kǖdgil (imperative singular)
kǖdzün (imperative singular)
kǖdelim (imperative plural)
kǖdüŋ (imperative plural)
kǖdzün (imperative plural)
kǖdmemek (infinitive negative)
kǖdmegen (negative participle present)
kǖdmegme (negative participle present)
kǖdmez (negative participle present)
kǖdmedük (negative participle past)
kǖdmemiš (negative participle past)
kǖdmeči (future negative participle)
kǖdmesik (future negative participle)
kǖdmeyeček (future negative participle)
kǖdmeme (negative noun-from-verb)
kǖdmeg (negative noun-from-verb)
kǖdmegü (negative noun-from-verb)
kǖdmeyüš (adverbial negative)
kǖdmez ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
kǖdmez sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
kǖdmez (aorist indicative negative singular)
kǖdmez biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
kǖdmez siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
kǖdmez (aorist indicative negative plural)
kǖdmedüm (indicative negative past singular)
kǖdmedüŋ (indicative negative past singular)
kǖdmedi (indicative negative past singular)
kǖdmedük (indicative negative past plural)
kǖdmedümüz (indicative negative past plural)
kǖdmedüŋüz (indicative negative past plural)
kǖdmedi (indicative negative past plural)
kǖdmemiš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
kǖdmemiš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
kǖdmemiš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
kǖdmemiš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
kǖdmemiš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
kǖdmemiš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
kǖdmeči ben (future indicative negative singular)
kǖdmeyeček ben (future indicative negative singular)
kǖdmeči sen (future indicative negative singular)
kǖdmeyeček sen (future indicative negative singular)
kǖdmeči (future indicative negative singular)
kǖdmeyeček (future indicative negative singular)
kǖdmeči biz (future indicative negative plural)
kǖdmeyeček biz (future indicative negative plural)
kǖdmeči siz (future indicative negative plural)
kǖdmeyeček siz (future indicative negative plural)
kǖdmeči (future indicative negative plural)
kǖdmeyeček (future indicative negative plural)
kǖdmegey ben (future indicative negative singular)
kǖdmegey sen (future indicative negative singular)
kǖdmegey (future indicative negative singular)
kǖdmegey biz (future indicative negative plural)
kǖdmegey siz (future indicative negative plural)
kǖdmegey (future indicative negative plural)
kǖdmesüküm (future indicative negative singular)
kǖdmesüküŋ (future indicative negative singular)
kǖdmesük (future indicative negative singular)
kǖdmesükümüz (future indicative negative plural)
kǖdmesüküŋüz (future indicative negative plural)
kǖdmesük (future indicative negative plural)
kǖdmesem (conditional negative singular)
kǖdmeser ben (conditional negative singular)
kǖdmeseŋ (conditional negative singular)
kǖdmeser sen (conditional negative singular)
kǖdmese (conditional negative singular)
kǖdmeser (conditional negative singular)
kǖdmesek (conditional negative plural)
kǖdmesemiz (conditional negative plural)
kǖdmeser biz (conditional negative plural)
kǖdmeseŋiz (conditional negative plural)
kǖdmeser siz (conditional negative plural)
kǖdmeseler (conditional negative plural)
kǖdmeser (conditional negative plural)
kǖdmegey ben (negative optative singular)
kǖdmegey sen (negative optative singular)
kǖdmegey (negative optative singular)
kǖdmegey biz (negative optative plural)
kǖdmegey siz (negative optative plural)
kǖdmegey (negative optative plural)
kǖdmemekde ben (negative progressive singular)
kǖdmemekde sen (negative progressive singular)
kǖdmemekde (negative progressive singular)
kǖdmemekde biz (negative plural progressive)
kǖdmemekde siz (negative plural progressive)
kǖdmemekde (negative plural progressive)
kǖdmemelig ben (necessitative negative singular)
kǖdmemelig sen (necessitative negative singular)
kǖdmemelig (necessitative negative singular)
kǖdmemelig biz (necessitative negative plural)
kǖdmemelig siz (necessitative negative plural)
kǖdmemelig (necessitative negative plural)
kǖdmeyeyin (imperative negative singular)
kǖdme (imperative negative singular)
kǖdmegil (imperative negative singular)
kǖdmezün (imperative negative singular)
kǖdmeyelim (imperative negative plural)
kǖdmeyiŋ (imperative negative plural)
kǖdmezün (imperative negative plural)

Oghur:

Chuvash: кӗт (kĕt, “to wait; to graze”)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz: كوُذْماكْ (kǖδmēk, “to wait; to graze”)

Old Anatolian Turkish: كويمك (küymek, “to wait”), كوتمك (kütmek, “to graze”)

Azerbaijani: güdmək (“to graze”)

Ottoman Turkish: كويمك (küymek, “to wait”), كوتمك (kütmek, “to graze”)

Gagauz: gütmek (“to graze”)

Turkish: gütmek (“to graze”), güymek (“to wait”) (dial.)

Uyghur-Oghuz:

Salar: güygüsi (“to wait”), gütgüsi (“to graze”)

East Oghuz:

⇒? Turkmen: göze güýdüşmek

Karluk:

كوُتُّرْماكْ

Karakhanid: كوُتُّرْماكْ (kǖttürmēk, “to make graze”)

Uyghur: [script needed] (kütmek)

Uzbek: kutmoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: көтөү (kötöw)

Tatar: көтергә (kötergä), көйергә (köyergä)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: кютерге (küterge)

Karaim: кӱт (küt-), кӱтӱ (kütü-)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: kütüw, küyüw

Kazakh: күту (kütu)

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: кӱдер (küder)

Kyrgyz: күйүү (küyüü), күтүү (kütüü)

Kyrgyz: күйүү (küyüü), күтүү (kütüü)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: kwyt- (küt-), kwyd- (küd-)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: күүт

Yakut: күүт (küüt)

South Siberian:

Yeniseian Turkic:

⇒ Khakas: кӱзедерге (küzederge)

From *kǖ- (“to wait; to wait for”) + *-d.
However, the exact morphological nature of some of the descendants with final -t are uncertain. There have been multiple theories:
# Clauson and Nishanyan suggest that they are simply variants of *kǖd-.
# Nishanyan also suggests a backformation from a past form *kǖtti, compare the causative form *kǖttür- (“to make wait; to make graze”).
# EDAL and Nishanyan also suggest a derivation *kǖd- + *-üt-.
# ESTJa suggests a derivation *kǖ- + *-t-.


kǖ-

kǖmek (infinitive)
kǖgen (participle present)
kǖgme (participle present)
kǖr (participle present)
kǖdük (participle past)
kǖmiš (participle past)
kǖdeči (future participle)
kǖmekči (future participle)
kǖsik (future participle)
kǖyeček (future participle)
kǖme (noun-from-verb)
kǖg (noun-from-verb)
kǖgü (noun-from-verb)
kǖš (adverbial)
kǖr ben (aorist indicative singular)
kǖr sen (aorist indicative singular)
kǖr (aorist indicative singular)
kǖr biz (aorist indicative plural)
kǖr siz (aorist indicative plural)
kǖr (aorist indicative plural)
kǖdüm (indicative past singular)
kǖdüŋ (indicative past singular)
kǖdi (indicative past singular)
kǖdük (indicative past plural)
kǖdümüz (indicative past plural)
kǖdüŋüz (indicative past plural)
kǖdi (indicative past plural)
kǖmiš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
kǖmiš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
kǖmiš (indicative inferential past singular)
kǖmiš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
kǖmiš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
kǖmiš (indicative inferential past plural)
kǖdeči ben (future indicative singular)
kǖmekči ben (future indicative singular)
kǖyeček ben (future indicative singular)
kǖdeči sen (future indicative singular)
kǖmekči sen (future indicative singular)
kǖyeček sen (future indicative singular)
kǖdeči (future indicative singular)
kǖmekči (future indicative singular)
kǖyeček (future indicative singular)
kǖdeči biz (future indicative plural)
kǖmekči biz (future indicative plural)
kǖyeček biz (future indicative plural)
kǖdeči siz (future indicative plural)
kǖmekči siz (future indicative plural)
kǖyeček siz (future indicative plural)
kǖdeči (future indicative plural)
kǖmekči (future indicative plural)
kǖyeček (future indicative plural)
kǖgey ben (future indicative singular)
kǖgey sen (future indicative singular)
kǖgey (future indicative singular)
kǖgey biz (future indicative plural)
kǖgey siz (future indicative plural)
kǖgey (future indicative plural)
kǖsüküm (future indicative singular)
kǖsüküŋ (future indicative singular)
kǖsük (future indicative singular)
kǖsükümüz (future indicative plural)
kǖsüküŋüz (future indicative plural)
kǖsük (future indicative plural)
kǖsem (conditional singular)
kǖser ben (conditional singular)
kǖseŋ (conditional singular)
kǖser sen (conditional singular)
kǖse (conditional singular)
kǖser (conditional singular)
kǖsek (conditional plural)
kǖsemiz (conditional plural)
kǖser biz (conditional plural)
kǖseŋiz (conditional plural)
kǖser siz (conditional plural)
kǖseler (conditional plural)
kǖser (conditional plural)
kǖgey ben (optative singular)
kǖgey sen (optative singular)
kǖgey (optative singular)
kǖgey biz (optative plural)
kǖgey siz (optative plural)
kǖgey (optative plural)
kǖmekde ben (progressive singular)
kǖmekde sen (progressive singular)
kǖmekde (progressive singular)
kǖmekde biz (plural progressive)
kǖmekde siz (plural progressive)
kǖmekde (plural progressive)
kǖmelig ben (necessitative singular)
kǖmelig sen (necessitative singular)
kǖmelig (necessitative singular)
kǖmelig biz (necessitative plural)
kǖmelig siz (necessitative plural)
kǖmelig (necessitative plural)
kǖyeyin (imperative singular)
kǖ (imperative singular)
kǖgil (imperative singular)
kǖzün (imperative singular)
kǖyelim (imperative plural)
kǖyüŋ (imperative plural)
kǖzün (imperative plural)
kǖmemek (infinitive negative)
kǖmegen (negative participle present)
kǖmegme (negative participle present)
kǖmez (negative participle present)
kǖmedük (negative participle past)
kǖmemiš (negative participle past)
kǖmeči (future negative participle)
kǖmesik (future negative participle)
kǖmeyeček (future negative participle)
kǖmeme (negative noun-from-verb)
kǖmeg (negative noun-from-verb)
kǖmegü (negative noun-from-verb)
kǖmeš (adverbial negative)
kǖmez ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
kǖmez sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
kǖmez (aorist indicative negative singular)
kǖmez biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
kǖmez siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
kǖmez (aorist indicative negative plural)
kǖmedüm (indicative negative past singular)
kǖmedüŋ (indicative negative past singular)
kǖmedi (indicative negative past singular)
kǖmedük (indicative negative past plural)
kǖmedümüz (indicative negative past plural)
kǖmedüŋüz (indicative negative past plural)
kǖmedi (indicative negative past plural)
kǖmemiš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
kǖmemiš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
kǖmemiš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
kǖmemiš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
kǖmemiš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
kǖmemiš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
kǖmeči ben (future indicative negative singular)
kǖmeyeček ben (future indicative negative singular)
kǖmeči sen (future indicative negative singular)
kǖmeyeček sen (future indicative negative singular)
kǖmeči (future indicative negative singular)
kǖmeyeček (future indicative negative singular)
kǖmeči biz (future indicative negative plural)
kǖmeyeček biz (future indicative negative plural)
kǖmeči siz (future indicative negative plural)
kǖmeyeček siz (future indicative negative plural)
kǖmeči (future indicative negative plural)
kǖmeyeček (future indicative negative plural)
kǖmegey ben (future indicative negative singular)
kǖmegey sen (future indicative negative singular)
kǖmegey (future indicative negative singular)
kǖmegey biz (future indicative negative plural)
kǖmegey siz (future indicative negative plural)
kǖmegey (future indicative negative plural)
kǖmesüküm (future indicative negative singular)
kǖmesüküŋ (future indicative negative singular)
kǖmesük (future indicative negative singular)
kǖmesükümüz (future indicative negative plural)
kǖmesüküŋüz (future indicative negative plural)
kǖmesük (future indicative negative plural)
kǖmesem (conditional negative singular)
kǖmeser ben (conditional negative singular)
kǖmeseŋ (conditional negative singular)
kǖmeser sen (conditional negative singular)
kǖmese (conditional negative singular)
kǖmeser (conditional negative singular)
kǖmesek (conditional negative plural)
kǖmesemiz (conditional negative plural)
kǖmeser biz (conditional negative plural)
kǖmeseŋiz (conditional negative plural)
kǖmeser siz (conditional negative plural)
kǖmeseler (conditional negative plural)
kǖmeser (conditional negative plural)
kǖmegey ben (negative optative singular)
kǖmegey sen (negative optative singular)
kǖmegey (negative optative singular)
kǖmegey biz (negative optative plural)
kǖmegey siz (negative optative plural)
kǖmegey (negative optative plural)
kǖmemekde ben (negative progressive singular)
kǖmemekde sen (negative progressive singular)
kǖmemekde (negative progressive singular)
kǖmemekde biz (negative plural progressive)
kǖmemekde siz (negative plural progressive)
kǖmemekde (negative plural progressive)
kǖmemelig ben (necessitative negative singular)
kǖmemelig sen (necessitative negative singular)
kǖmemelig (necessitative negative singular)
kǖmemelig biz (necessitative negative plural)
kǖmemelig siz (necessitative negative plural)
kǖmemelig (necessitative negative plural)
kǖmeyeyin (imperative negative singular)
kǖme (imperative negative singular)
kǖmegil (imperative negative singular)
kǖmezün (imperative negative singular)
kǖmeyelim (imperative negative plural)
kǖmeyiŋ (imperative negative plural)
kǖmezün (imperative negative plural)

Common Turkic: *kǖ-

Oghuz:

>? Turkmen: güýmemek

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: kwy- (kü-)

The existence of this verb is uncertain, as it is only attested in Old Uyghur.
Clauson instead suggests that this is the root for *kǖg (“fame”).


teŋ

teŋ (nominative singular)
teŋig (accusative singular)
teŋni (accusative singular)
teŋniŋ (genitive singular)
teŋke (dative singular)
teŋde (locative singular)
teŋden (ablative singular)
teŋgerü (allative singular)
teŋin (instrumental singular)
teŋče (equative singular)
teŋleyü (singular)
teŋligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: тан (tan)

Common Turkic: *teŋ

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish: دنك (denk)

Turkish: denk

Gagauz: denk

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: deň

Karluk:

Chagatai: [script needed] (ting)

Uyghur: تەڭ (teng)

Uzbek: teng

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: тиң (tiñ)

Tatar: тиң (tiñ)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: тең (teŋ)

Southern Altai: теҥ (teŋ)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: тең (teñ)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: тенг (teñ)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Dolgan: тэҥ (teñ)

Yakut: тэҥ (teñ)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: дең (deñ)

Yenisei:

Shor: тең (teñ)

Khakas: тең (teñ)

Ultimately from Old Chinese 等 (OC *tɯːŋʔ)


küntüŕ

Related to Proto-Turkic *kün (“day, sun”).


küntüŕ

Oghur:

Chuvash: кӑнтӑр (kănt̬ăr, “south”)

Khazar: [Term?] (“Kündür”) (A title name)

Arghu:

Khalaj: kündüz

Proto-Turkic: *gündüz

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: كندوز (gündüz)

Azerbaijani: gündüz

Ottoman Turkish: كوندوز (gündüz), گوندوز (gündüz)

Turkish: gündüz

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: gündiz

Salar: güntiz

Karluk:

Uyghur: كۈندۈز (kündüz)

Uzbek: kunduz

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: көндөҙ (köndöź)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: күндіз (kündız)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak

Kyrgyz: күндүз (kündüz)

Southern Altai: кӱндӱс (kündüs)

⇒ Southern Altai: Кӱндӱс-Каан (Kündüs-Kaan)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰚𐰇𐰤𐱅𐰔 (küntüz)

North Siberian:

Yakut: күнүс (künüs)

South Siberian:

Khakas: кӱндӱс (kündüs)

Tuvan: хүндүс (xündüs)


töle-

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: دولنمك (dölenmek), [script needed] (göñli dölenmek)

Ottoman Turkish: دولنمك (dölenmek), [script needed] (dölendirmek)

Turkish: dölenmek, döletmek, döleşmek, dölendirmek (dialect)

→⇒ Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (köngül dölenmegi, “tranquility of heart”)

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *tölek

al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 387

Oghuz: تُلَكْ (“tölek”)

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish: دولك

Turkish: dölek

→ Chagatai: [script needed] (tölek)

→ Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (tölek)

→? Chuvash: тӳлек (tülek)


töle-

Oghuz: تُلاماكْ

Old Anatolian Turkish:

⇒ Azerbaijani: döllək (dialect)

From Proto-Turkic *töl, related to Turkmen döl.


-āčak

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: -acaq, -əcək, -yacaq, -yəcək

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: -acak, -ecek, -yacak, -yecek

Turkmen: -jak, -jek

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: -асаҡ (-asaq), -әсәк (-əsək), -ясаҡ (-yasaq), -ясәк (-yasək)

Tatar: -ачак (-açaq), -әчәк (-äçäk), -ячак (-yaçaq), -ячәк (-yaçäk)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: -ашақ (-aşaq), -ешек (-eşek)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak

Southern Altai: -чак (-čak), -чек (-ček)

(Common Turkic) Future tense participle.


čōk

Oghuz: جُوقْ (çōk, “vile, hooligan”)

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: çox

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: چوق (çok)
Gagauz: çok (çoy-)
Turkish: çok (çoğ-)
→ Crimean Tatar: çoq
→ Karaim: čok

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: shoq (“vile, hooligan”)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: чок (cok)

⇒ Southern Altai: чогулар (čogular)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Sayan:

desc

Tuvan: [script needed] (šoɣ, “vile, hooligan”)

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (sox, “vile, hooligan”)

Oghuz, Gagauz and Turkish point to a long vowel.


īl-

Oghur:

⇒ Chuvash: йӑлӑ (jălă), йӑлмак (jălmak)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

⇒ Azerbaijani: ilmək (noun)

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: ilmek

⇒ Turkish: ilmek (noun)

Salar: il

Turkmen: īlmek

Kipchak

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: илүү (ilüü)

Southern Altai: илер (iler)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: иил (iil)

(transitive) to catch, hold (using hand, hook, noose etc.)

(transitive) to hang (something from something else)


kōnč

Common Turkic: *kōnč

→ Chuvash: кунча (kunč̬a)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qunc

Ottoman Turkish: قونج (ḳonc)

Gagauz: konç (konc-)

Turkish: konç (konc-)

Turkmen: gonç (gōnj-)

Karluk:

Chagatai:

Uyghur: قونچ (qonch)

Uzbek: qoʻnj

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: куныч (qunıç), qunıç

West Kipchak:

Karaim: конч (konč)

Kumyk: хонч (xonç)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: qonış

Kazakh: қоныш (qonyş)

Nogai: коныш (konış)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: конч (konc)

Southern Altai: коныч (konïč)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur:

Western Yugur: [script needed] (qaŋč)

Shor: қош (qoš)


čalpmur

čalpmur (nominative singular)
čalpmurug (accusative singular)
čalpmurnï (accusative singular)
čalpmurnuŋ (genitive singular)
čalpmurka (dative singular)
čalpmurta (locative singular)
čalpmurtan (ablative singular)
čalpmurgaru (allative singular)
čalpmurun (instrumental singular)
čalpmurča (equative singular)
čalpmurlayu (singular)
čalpmurlugu (comitative singular)

Arghu:

Khalaj: çamur

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: çamır

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: çamur

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: çamur

From *čalpa- (“to muddle”) + *-mur (cf. *čalpaŋ (“mud”), *čalpak (“filth”)). Became *čamur due to the simplification of the consonant cluster *-lpm-.
Doerfer instead suggests a derivation from *čam-, an unattested earlier version of *čom- (“to sink”).


āŋla-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ӑнла (ănla)

Common Turkic:

al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 290

Oghuz: اَنْكْلاماقْ (añlamaq, “to understand”)

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: anlamaq

→ Khalaj: anglamaq

Ottoman Turkish: آڭلامق

Gagauz: annamaa

Turkish: anlamak

Salar: añna (“to listen”)

Turkmen: āňlamak

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: аңлау (añlaw)

Tatar: аңлау (añlaw)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: ангыларгъа (añılarğa)

South Kipchak:

Eastern Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: аңдоо (aŋdoo)

Southern Altai: оҥдоор (oŋdoor)

Karluk:

Uyghur: ئاڭلىماق (anglimaq, “to hear”)

Uzbek: anglamoq

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (aŋla-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (aŋna-, “to hear”)

North Siberian:

Yakut: [script needed] (aŋlaa-, “to discern”) (dial.)

From *āŋ (“intelligence”) + *-la (“denominal suffix”).

suffix

(transitive) to understand, hear, discern


yāyïn

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫуйӑн (śujăn)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: یاین (yayın), یایین (yayın)
Turkish: yayın
→ Armenian: յայըն (yayən)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: йәйен (yəyen)

Tatar: җәен (cäyen)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: yayın

Kumyk: яйын (yayın)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: жайын (jaiyn)

Nogai: яйын (yayın)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жайын (jayın)

Southern Altai: јайын (ǰayïn)


yāyïn

Oghuz:

Salar: yiyin

Kipchak:

Bashkir: йәйен (yəyen)

Kyrgyz: жайын (jayın)

Siberian:

Dolgan: һайын

Yakut: сайын (sayın)

Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰖𐰣 (y¹y¹n¹ /yayın/)

Tuvan: чайын (çayın)


köń-

Oghur:

desc

Chuvash: кӳ (kü, “strong smell of burnt”), кӗв (kĕv, “strong smell of burnt”), кӗвҫӗк (kĕvśĕk, “unpleasant (about smell)”), кӗвҫек (kĕvśek, “unpleasant (about smell)”)

Common Turkic:

al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume II, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 30

Argu: كُنْماكْ (könmēk)

Khalaj: könmək

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (göyünmek), [script needed] (göynümek), [script needed] (göynemek)

Azerbaijani: göynəmək

Ottoman Turkish: گويمك (göymek), [script needed] (göyünmek), [script needed] (göynümek)

Turkish: göymek (“to burn (trans.)”), göynümek (“to suffer, sorrow (intrans.)”)

Salar: köygüsi

Turkmen: köýmek

Karluk:

al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume III, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 246

Karakhanid: كُيْماكْ (köymek)

Chagatai:

Uyghur: كۆيمەك (köymek)

Uzbek: kuymoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: күйөү (küyöw)

Tatar: күйү (küyü)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (küy-)

Karaim: [script needed] (küy-)

Kumyk: [script needed] (güy-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (küyiv)

Kazakh: күйу (küiu)

Nogai: [script needed] (küy-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: күйүү (küyüü)

Southern Altai: кӱйер (küyer)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (köy-)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: [script needed] (xöö, “strong smell of burnt”)

Tuvan: хөө (xöö, “strong smell of burnt”)

Yenisei:

Shor: [script needed] (köy-)

Khakas: [script needed] (köy-)


-čin

bālïk (“fish”) + *-čin → *bālïkčïn (“fish-eating bird”).

Suffix used to create bird nouns from verbs or nouns. Also used to form names of predators from names of prey.

buruččun

a type of bird that has the same height as pigeons, red-feathered and flat-beaked

čamurčun

a type of little duck that lives in swamps and lakes; Anas crecca


kïŋrak

kïŋrak (nominative singular)
kïŋrakïg (accusative singular)
kïŋraknï (accusative singular)
kïŋraknïŋ (genitive singular)
kïŋrakka (dative singular)
kïŋrakda (locative singular)
kïŋrakdan (ablative singular)
kïŋrakgaru (allative singular)
kïŋrakïn (instrumental singular)
kïŋrakča (equative singular)
kïŋraklayu (singular)
kïŋraklïgu (comitative singular)

→ Proto-Mongolic: *kïŋgar

Karluk:

Karakhanid: قنكراق (kïŋra:k)

Uyghur: [script needed] (kïŋrak, “wide blade knife”)

Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кыңырак (kıŋırak)

Southern Altai: кыҥырак (kïŋïrak)

Usually considered to be from *kïŋra- (“to cut crookedly”) + *-k, Nişanyan on the other hand compares it with Sogdian 𐼶𐼻𐼲𐽀 (xnɣr, “dagger, sword”) + *-ak (“diminutive suffix”) and suggests a borrowing. According to Hirth, it is the oldest written Turkic word, possibly attested as Old Chinese 徑路 (*king-lak, “the ceremonial sword of the Xiongnu”) in Ts'ien Han Shu (47 BCE).


küńe

küńe (nominative singular)
küńeg (accusative singular)
küńeni (accusative singular)
küńeniŋ (genitive singular)
küńeke (dative singular)
küńede (locative singular)
küńeden (ablative singular)
küńegerü (allative singular)
küńen (instrumental singular)
küńeče (equative singular)
küńeleyü (singular)
küńeligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: кӗве (kĕve)

Common Turkic: *küye

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: көйә (köyə)

Tatar: көя (köya)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: күйе (küie)

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: кӱйе (küye)

Karluk:

Uzbek: kuya

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: güvə

Ottoman Turkish: گوگه (güğe, güve)

Turkish: güve

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: güýe

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: көйүүр (köyüür)


sï̄gun

Common Turkic: *sïgun

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: sığın

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: صیغین (sığın)
Turkish: sığın

Turkmen: sūgun

Karluk:

Karakhanid: سيٖغُنْ (sïːğun)

Chagatai: [script needed] (sïgun)

Uzbek: suygun

Kipchak:

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: суун (suun)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: suwın

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (sïgun)

Old Turkic: 𐰽𐰃𐰍𐰆𐰣 (sïgun)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: сыын (sıın)

Yenisei:

Khakas: сыын (sıın)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (soğun)

Possibly from *sïg- (“an ancient verb”) + *-un if related to *sïgïr (“cattle”).


kïsrak

Common Turkic:

Oghuz: قِسْراقْ (qïsra:q, “unprolific animal”)

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qısraq

Ottoman Turkish: قیصراق (kısrak), قسراق (kısrak)
Gagauz: kısırak
Turkish: kısrak
→ Armenian: խըսրախ (xəsrax), կըսրախ (kəsrax), ղըսրաղ (ġəsraġ)

Salar: qısıraq

Turkmen: gysyrak

Karluk:

desc

Karakhanid: قِسْراقْ (qïsra:q, “young unprolific animal”)

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: қысырақ (qysyraq)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кысырак (kısırak)

Southern Altai: кузарак (kuzarak)

From *kïsïr (“unprolific”) + *-ak (diminutive suffix).


kïsïr

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: qısır

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qısır

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: قیصیر (kısır), قصر (kısır), قصیر (kısır)
Gagauz: kısır
Turkish: kısır
→ Armenian: խըսըր (xəsər)

⇒ Salar: qısıraq

Turkmen: gysyr

Karluk:

desc

Karakhanid: قِسِرْ (qïsïr, “woman or animal that does not give birth”)

al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 364

Uyghur: قىسىر (qisir)

Uzbek: qisir

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: қысыр (qysyr)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кысыр (kısır)

Southern Altai: кызыр (kïzïr, “barren”)

Kipchak-Bulgar:

Tatar: кысыр (qısır), qısır

From Proto-Turkic *kïs- + *-ïr, according to Clauson.


bagïr

bagïr (nominative singular)
bagïrïg (accusative singular)
bagïrnï (accusative singular)
bagïrnïŋ (genitive singular)
bagïrka (dative singular)
bagïrta (locative singular)
bagïrtan (ablative singular)
bagïrgaru (allative singular)
bagïrïn (instrumental singular)
bagïrča (equative singular)
bagïrlayu (singular)
bagïrlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: пӗвер (pĕver)

Common Turkic:

Proto-Oghuz: *bagïr

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: bağır

Ottoman Turkish: باغر (bağır)

Turkish: bağır (“breast, bosom”)

Salar: bağır

Turkmen: bagyr

Karluk:

Uyghur: بېغىر (bëghir)

Uzbek: bagʻir

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: бауыр (bawır), бәғер (bəğer)

Tatar: бавыр (bawır)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: bağır

Karachay-Balkar: баур (baur), бауур (bauur)

Kumyk: бавур (bawur)

South Kipchak:

Nogai: бавыр (bavır)

Kazakh: бауыр (bauyr)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: боор (boor)

Southern Altai: буур (buur)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (baɣïr)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: быар (bıar)

Yakut: быар (bıar)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: баар (baar)

Yenisei:

Khakas: паар (paar)

Northern Altai: багыр (bagïr)


tuńak

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Proto-Oghuz: *toynak

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (dıynak, duynak, tıynak, tuynak)

Turkish: toynak

Turkmen: toýnak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (tuyağ)

Chagatai:

Uzbek: tuyoq

Uyghur: تۇياق (tuyaq), تووق (tooq)

Kipchak:

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: тояҡ (toyaq)

Tatar: тояк (toyak)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar:

Karachay-Balkar:

Karaim:

Kumyk:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak:

Kazakh: тұяқ (tūäq)

Nogai:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: туяк (tuyak)

Southern Altai: туйгак (tuygak)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Turkic: 𐱃𐰆𐰖𐰆𐰍 (t¹uy¹uǧ)

Western Yugur:

North Siberian:

Dolgan: туньак (tuńak)

Yakut: туйах (tuyaq)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tofa:

Tuvan: дуюг (duyug)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: туйғах (tuyğax)

Shor: туйғақ

Shor: туйғақ


kïs-

kïsmak (infinitive)
kïsgan (participle present)
kïsïgma (participle present)
kïsar (participle present)
kïsduk (participle past)
kïsmïš (participle past)
kïsdačï (future participle)
kïsmakčï (future participle)
kïssïk (future participle)
kïsačak (future participle)
kïsma (noun-from-verb)
kïsïg (noun-from-verb)
kïsgu (noun-from-verb)
kïsïš (adverbial)
kïsar ben (aorist indicative singular)
kïsar sen (aorist indicative singular)
kïsar (aorist indicative singular)
kïsar biz (aorist indicative plural)
kïsar siz (aorist indicative plural)
kïsar (aorist indicative plural)
kïsdïm (indicative past singular)
kïsdïŋ (indicative past singular)
kïsdï (indicative past singular)
kïsdïk (indicative past plural)
kïsdïmïz (indicative past plural)
kïsdïŋïz (indicative past plural)
kïsdï (indicative past plural)
kïsmïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
kïsmïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
kïsmïš (indicative inferential past singular)
kïsmïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
kïsmïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
kïsmïš (indicative inferential past plural)
kïsdačï ben (future indicative singular)
kïsmakčï ben (future indicative singular)
kïsačak ben (future indicative singular)
kïsdačï sen (future indicative singular)
kïsmakčï sen (future indicative singular)
kïsačak sen (future indicative singular)
kïsdačï (future indicative singular)
kïsmakčï (future indicative singular)
kïsačak (future indicative singular)
kïsdačï biz (future indicative plural)
kïsmakčï biz (future indicative plural)
kïsačak biz (future indicative plural)
kïsdačï siz (future indicative plural)
kïsmakčï siz (future indicative plural)
kïsačak siz (future indicative plural)
kïsdačï (future indicative plural)
kïsmakčï (future indicative plural)
kïsačak (future indicative plural)
kïsgay ben (future indicative singular)
kïsgay sen (future indicative singular)
kïsgay (future indicative singular)
kïsgay biz (future indicative plural)
kïsgay siz (future indicative plural)
kïsgay (future indicative plural)
kïssïkïm (future indicative singular)
kïssïkïŋ (future indicative singular)
kïssïk (future indicative singular)
kïssïkïmïz (future indicative plural)
kïssïkïŋïz (future indicative plural)
kïssïk (future indicative plural)
kïssam (conditional singular)
kïssar ben (conditional singular)
kïssaŋ (conditional singular)
kïssar sen (conditional singular)
kïssa (conditional singular)
kïssar (conditional singular)
kïssak (conditional plural)
kïssamïz (conditional plural)
kïssar biz (conditional plural)
kïssaŋïz (conditional plural)
kïssar siz (conditional plural)
kïssalar (conditional plural)
kïssar (conditional plural)
kïsgay ben (optative singular)
kïsgay sen (optative singular)
kïsgay (optative singular)
kïsgay biz (optative plural)
kïsgay siz (optative plural)
kïsgay (optative plural)
kïsmakda ben (progressive singular)
kïsmakda sen (progressive singular)
kïsmakda (progressive singular)
kïsmakda biz (plural progressive)
kïsmakda siz (plural progressive)
kïsmakda (plural progressive)
kïsmalïg ben (necessitative singular)
kïsmalïg sen (necessitative singular)
kïsmalïg (necessitative singular)
kïsmalïg biz (necessitative plural)
kïsmalïg siz (necessitative plural)
kïsmalïg (necessitative plural)
kïsayïn (imperative singular)
kïs (imperative singular)
kïsgïl (imperative singular)
kïszun (imperative singular)
kïsalïm (imperative plural)
kïsïŋ (imperative plural)
kïszun (imperative plural)
kïsmamak (infinitive negative)
kïsmagan (negative participle present)
kïsmagma (negative participle present)
kïsmaz (negative participle present)
kïsmaduk (negative participle past)
kïsmamïš (negative participle past)
kïsmačï (future negative participle)
kïsmasïk (future negative participle)
kïsmayačak (future negative participle)
kïsmama (negative noun-from-verb)
kïsmag (negative noun-from-verb)
kïsmagu (negative noun-from-verb)
kïsmayïš (adverbial negative)
kïsmaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
kïsmaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
kïsmaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
kïsmaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
kïsmaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
kïsmaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
kïsmadïm (indicative negative past singular)
kïsmadïŋ (indicative negative past singular)
kïsmadï (indicative negative past singular)
kïsmadïk (indicative negative past plural)
kïsmadïmïz (indicative negative past plural)
kïsmadïŋïz (indicative negative past plural)
kïsmadï (indicative negative past plural)
kïsmamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
kïsmamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
kïsmamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
kïsmamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
kïsmamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
kïsmamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
kïsmačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
kïsmayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
kïsmačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
kïsmayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
kïsmačï (future indicative negative singular)
kïsmayačak (future indicative negative singular)
kïsmačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
kïsmayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
kïsmačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
kïsmayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
kïsmačï (future indicative negative plural)
kïsmayačak (future indicative negative plural)
kïsmagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
kïsmagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
kïsmagay (future indicative negative singular)
kïsmagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
kïsmagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
kïsmagay (future indicative negative plural)
kïsmasïkïm (future indicative negative singular)
kïsmasïkïŋ (future indicative negative singular)
kïsmasïk (future indicative negative singular)
kïsmasïkïmïz (future indicative negative plural)
kïsmasïkïŋïz (future indicative negative plural)
kïsmasïk (future indicative negative plural)
kïsmasam (conditional negative singular)
kïsmasar ben (conditional negative singular)
kïsmasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
kïsmasar sen (conditional negative singular)
kïsmasa (conditional negative singular)
kïsmasar (conditional negative singular)
kïsmasak (conditional negative plural)
kïsmasamïz (conditional negative plural)
kïsmasar biz (conditional negative plural)
kïsmasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
kïsmasar siz (conditional negative plural)
kïsmasalar (conditional negative plural)
kïsmasar (conditional negative plural)
kïsmagay ben (negative optative singular)
kïsmagay sen (negative optative singular)
kïsmagay (negative optative singular)
kïsmagay biz (negative optative plural)
kïsmagay siz (negative optative plural)
kïsmagay (negative optative plural)
kïsmamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
kïsmamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
kïsmamakda (negative progressive singular)
kïsmamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
kïsmamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
kïsmamakda (negative plural progressive)
kïsmamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
kïsmamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
kïsmamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
kïsmamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
kïsmamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
kïsmamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
kïsmayayïn (imperative negative singular)
kïsma (imperative negative singular)
kïsmagïl (imperative negative singular)
kïsmazun (imperative negative singular)
kïsmayalïm (imperative negative plural)
kïsmayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
kïsmazun (imperative negative plural)

Oghur:

Chuvash: хӗс (hĕs)

→ Proto-Mongolic: *kïsu- (“to constrain, make narrow, scrape”)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qısmaq

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: قیصمق (kısmak), قصمق (kısmak), قسمق (kısmak)
Gagauz: kısmaa
Turkish: kısmak

Salar: qıs

Turkmen: gysmak

Karluk:

al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume II, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 11

Karakhanid: [script needed] (qïsmāq)

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: қысу (qysu)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кысуу (kısuu)

Southern Altai: кызар (kïzar)

Its relation to *kas- (“to squeeze, constrain”) is uncertain however Nişanyan considers them cognates.


abïčga

abïčga (nominative singular)
abïčgalar (nominative plural)
abïčganïŋ (genitive singular)
abïčgalarnïŋ (genitive plural)
abïčgaka (dative singular)
abïčgalarka (dative plural)
abïčgada (locative singular)
abïčgalarda (locative plural)
abïčgadan (ablative singular)
abïčgalardan (ablative plural)
abïčgalarïn (instrumental plural)
abïčgača (equative singular)
abïčgalarča (equative plural)

Common Turkic:

Proto-Oghuz::

West Oghuz:

Ottoman Turkish: عموجه (amuca)
Turkish: amca
→ Armenian: ամուճա (amuča)
→ Bulgarian: аму́джа (amúdža)
→ Serbo-Croatian: а̀миџа / àmidža

⇒ Turkish: Abuşka, abuş

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (avıçğa)

Chagatai: [script needed] (avuşka)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: абышҡа (abışqa)

→ Chuvash: упӑшка (up̬ăška)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: абышка (abyşka)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: абышка (abışka)

Southern Altai: абышка (abïška)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

desc

Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽰𐽼𐽳𐽽𐽲𐽰 (abučɣa), 𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰 (avïčɣa), 𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽲𐽰 (avïnčɣa)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: ашак (aşak)

Yeniseian Turkic:

Khakas: [script needed] (abısqa)

Uncertain. However over the years multiple theories have risen:
* Clauson suggests a derivation *abïč (“an obscure root”) + *-ga.
* Nishanyan suggets a derivation *apa (“elderly male relative”) + *-ča (“diminutive suffix”), however note that the suffix was borrowed from Persians at a later date.

suf

an elderly relative; husband, old man, foster-mother, elder sister, uncle etc.


tïgrak

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (tïğraq)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tïğraq)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: تِغْراقْ (tïğrāq)

→ Proto-Mongolic: *čixirag

From Proto-Turkic *tïgra- (“to be tough”) + *-k.


tïgra-

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (tïğrāmāk)

From Proto-Turkic *tïgïŕ (“tough”) + *-a.


yōn-

Oghur:

Chuvash: [script needed] (śon-)

Common Turkic: *yōn-

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yonmaq

Ottoman Turkish: یونمق (yonmak)

Turkish: yonmak

Gagauz: yonmaa

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: ýōnmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yon-)

Uzbek: yoʻnmoq

Uyghur: [script needed] (yonu-)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: [script needed] (jun-)

Tatar: [script needed] (jun-)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: жонуу (jonuu, “to whittle”)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

desc

Southern Altai: јонор (ǰonor, “to plain, shave, slice”)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (yon-, “to shave, scrape”)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: һуор (huor)

Yakut: суор (suor)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: чонар (çonar)

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *joma-gul (“wooden chips”), Proto-Tungusic *ńüŋ- (“to make notches, to scrape off, adze (with an axe)”).

cog

yontmak

Ottoman Turkish: یونتمق (yontmak); Turkish


sǖčig

From *sǖči- (“to become sweet, sweeten”) + *-g. In several Turkic languages; such as Old Uyghur and Ottoman Turkish, the word has also another meaning: “wine”. According to Räsänen and Erdal, it is from *sǖt (“milk”) + *-sig; compare Persian شیرین (širin) for the semantic development from “milk” to “sweet”.

suf

𐱃𐰉𐰍𐰲: 𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣: 𐰽𐰉𐰃: 𐰾𐰇𐰲𐰃𐰏: 𐰍𐰃𐰾𐰃: 𐰘𐰃𐰢𐱁𐰴: 𐰼𐰢𐰾

735, Bilge Kağan, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

t¹b¹ǧč: b¹ud¹n¹: s¹b¹i: s²üčig: ǧis²i: y²imšq: r²ms²


sǖčig

sǖčig (nominative singular)
sǖčigler (nominative plural)
sǖčigniŋ (genitive singular)
sǖčiglerniŋ (genitive plural)
sǖčigke (dative singular)
sǖčiglerke (dative plural)
sǖčigde (locative singular)
sǖčiglerde (locative plural)
sǖčigden (ablative singular)
sǖčiglerden (ablative plural)
sǖčiglerin (instrumental plural)
sǖčigče (equative singular)
sǖčiglerče (equative plural)

Oghur:

Volga Bulgar: سجو (sü(ü)çüw)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Ottoman Turkish: سوجی (süci, “wine”)

Turkish: sücü (“wine”)

East Oghuz:

desc

Turkmen: süýji (“sweet”), süýjimek (“to become sweet,sweeten”)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: سُوجِكْ (sǖčik), [script needed] (süçi-, “to sweeten”)

Uzbek: chuchuk (“sweet; unsalted”)

چۈچۈك، سۈچۈك

çüçük, süçük

Uyghur: چۈچۈك، سۈچۈك (chüchük, süchük)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: сөсө (sösö, “fresh, sweet; unsalted”)

Tatar: төче (töçe, “fresh; unsalted”)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: тұщы (tūşy, “unsalted”)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: чүчү (cücü)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰾𐰇𐰲𐰃𐰏 (süčig)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (süçüg)

North Siberian:

>? Dolgan: үчүгэй (üçügey)

>? Yakut: үчүгэй (ücügey)


tïŋla-

Oghur:

Chuvash: тӑнла (tănla)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Proto-Oghuz: *diŋle-

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (diŋle-)

Azerbaijani: dinləmək

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: دیڭلهمك (diŋlemek), دڭلمك (diñlemek), دیڭلمك (diñlemek), دڭلهمك (diñlemek), ديڭلهمك (diñlemek)
Turkish: dinlemek

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: diňlemek

Salar: diñne

Karluk:

desc

تِنْكْلاماقْ

Karakhanid: تِنْكْلاماقْ (tınglamaq)

Uzbek: tinglamoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: тыңлау (tıñlaw), тыңдау (tıñdaw)

Tatar: тыңларга (tıñlarga)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: тыңдау (tyñdau)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: тыңдоо (tıŋdoo)

Southern Altai: тыҥда- (tïŋda-)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐱃𐰃𐰭𐰞𐰀 (tïŋla-)

Old Uyghur: tynklʾmʾq (tïŋlamaq)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: дыңнаалаар (dıñnaalaar)

From *tiŋ (“reason, mind”) + *-la (“denominal suffix”). *tiŋ might be a loanword from Middle Chinese 聽 (theng, “to listen”) yet its back vowel & variant initial *d- make such a derivation difficult (Clauson, 1972:522).
Also compared to Proto-Tungusic *ǯiŋ-, Proto-Mongolic *ciŋla- (“to listen”).


yabïŕ

Common Turkic: yabïz

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (yavuz)

Ottoman Turkish: ياووز (yavuz)

Turkish: yavuz (“stern, tough”)

Gagauz: yavuz (“brave”)

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: ýowuz

Karluk:

Karakhanid: یَڤُزْ (yafuz, yawuz)

Chagatai: یاووز (yawuz, “bad, vile”)

Uyghur: ياۋۇز (yawuz)

Uzbek: yovuz

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: яуыз (yawız)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: yavuz (“vicious, savage.”)

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: јабыс (ǰabïs, “bad”)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: жауыс (jauys, “vicious”)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰉𐰔 (yabïz)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yavïz)

Unknown origin. Most of linguistics have been divided to different opinions.
According to Bang-Kaup, the word derived from the unknown hypothetical verb root *yab- and *yam-. And he thinks the word is related to *yablak. The reconstruction of *yam- probably comes from the unknown relationship to *yaman (“bad”) (cf. Turkish yaman). At this point, Proto-Turkic *yaman should be a later form of *yabman, since if it is related to *yabïz and *yablak.
Vámbéry derives the word from the noun roots *yam, yaw and yab; which all they mean foreign, void, vain, bad; and reconstructs as *yabïs. But he doesn't know which suffix has the word equipped.
Räsänen, proposes a derivation from the noun *yabï, *yabu. Which means bad, grabber and greedy. But he doesn't describe which suffix has the word equipped, like Vámbéry.
Clauson derives it as *yab- like Bang-Kaup, but he thinks the word has an additional + *-ïŕ suffix. It seems the suffix *-ïŕ creates a new noun from verbs, as in *söŕ and *tïgïŕ.
Dankoff and Kelly derives it from *yaw which means bad, weak.
Also the evolution is *yab(ï)- > yabïz > yavız according to Nishanyan.


öltür-

Kipchak:

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: өлтүрүү (öltürüü)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: өлтіру (öltıru)

From *öl- (“to kill”) + *-tür (“causative and transitive suffix”).


ïsïr-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫырт (śyrt)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish: ایصرمق (ısırmak)

Turkish: ısırmak

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (ïsïr-)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: ытыр (ıtır)

Yakut: ытыр (ıtır)


ẹĺit-

Oghur:

Chuvash: илт (ilt)

Common Turkic: *ẹšit-
** Arghu:
*** Khalaj: eşitmək
** Proto-Oghuz: *ešid-, *ešit-
*** West Oghuz:
**** Old Anatolian Turkish: ايشد (išid-)
***** Azerbaijani: eşitmək
***** Ottoman Turkish: ایشیتمك (işitmek)
****** Turkish: işitmek
*** East Oghuz:
**** Turkmen: eşitmek
** Karluk:
*** Uyghur: ئىشىتمەك (ishitmek)
*** Uzbek: eshitmoq
** Kipchak:
*** North Kipchak:
**** Bashkir: ишетеү (işetew)
**** Tatar: ишетү (işetü)
*** West Kipchak:
**** Crimean Tatar: eşitmek
*** South Kipchak:
**** Kazakh: есту (estu)
*** East Kipchak:
**** Kyrgyz: эшитүү (eşitüü)
** Siberian:
*** Old Turkic: 𐰾𐰃𐰓 (éšid-)
*** North Siberian:
**** Dolgan: иһит (ihit)
**** Yakut: иһит (ihit)
*** South Siberian:
**** Yeniseian Turkic:
***** Khakas: истерге (isterge)


yab-

Karluk:

desc

Chagatai: [script needed] (yav, “enemy”)

unattested verb, the meaning is probably about negative things.


yabgan

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: یاوان (yavan)
Gagauz: yavan
Turkish: yavan
→ Armenian: յավան (yavan)

Azerbaijani: yavan

Karluk:

desc

Chagatai: [script needed] (yavan, “tasteless”)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (yavgan)


tögerek

Xiongnu:

→? Old Chinese: 丁零 (*têŋ-rêŋ)

Oghuz:

Turkmen: töwerek

Karluk:

Karakhanid:

Chagatai:

Uyghur: تۈگۈرەك (tügürek)

Uzbek: toʻgarak

Kipchak: [script needed] (tögerik)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: түңәрәк (tüñərək)

Tatar: түгәрәк (tügäräk)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: дёгерек (dögerek)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: төңірек (töñırek)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: төгөрөк (tögörök)

Southern Altai: тӧгӧрӱк (tögörük)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: түөрэм (tüörem)

→ Proto-Mongolic: *tögerig

Mongolian: дүгэриг (dügerig)

Kalmyk: төгрг (tögrg)

→ Yakut: төгүрүк (tögürük)

→ Evenki: [script needed] (tuɣuruk)

→ Dolgan: төгүрүк

→ Dolgan: төгүрүк


tod-

Oghur:

Chuvash: тӑран (tăran) < *todun- ?

Common Turkic: *tod-

Arghu:

Khalaj: todmaq

Oghuz:

Proto-Oghuz: *doy-

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: doymaq

Ottoman Turkish: دویمق (doymak)

Gagauz: doymaa

Turkish: doymak

East Oghuz:

Salar: toy

Turkmen: doýmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: تُذْماقْ (toδmāq)

Uzbek: toʻymoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: туйыу (tuyıw)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (toy-)

Kumyk: [script needed] (toy-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: тою (toü)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: тоюу (toyuu)

Southern Altai: тойор (toyor)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (tod-)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tod-)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: тот (tot)

Yakut: тот (tot)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: тодар (todar)

Yenisei:

Shor: тос- (tos-)

Khakas: тос- (tos-)


čï̄gań

Arghu: جِغانْ (čïğān)

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: جغان (cığan)

Ottoman Turkish: جغان (cığan), جغانلق (cığanlık)

Turkish: cığan (dial.)

→ Kipchak: [script needed] (čïğan) (сыған can not be a descendant of čïğan)

Oghuz:

Turkish: çığay (dial.)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: جيٖغاى (čï̄ğāy)

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (čïğay), [script needed] (čïğaylïq)

Chagatai: [script needed] (čïğay)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰲𐰃𐰍𐰪 (čiǧń /čïgań/) (Yakut сыгаан (sıgaan) can not be a descendant of čïgań)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (čïgay)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (sāy, “mischief”)

Shor: [script needed] (šāy, “mischief”)

Perhaps borrowed from Byzantine Greek [Term?], related to Greek τσιγγάνος (tsingános).


kod-

Oghur:

Chuvash: хур (hur)

Common Turkic: *kod-

Proto-Oghuz: *goy-

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qoymaq

Ottoman Turkish: قومق (koymak)

Gagauz: koymaa

Turkish: koymak

East Oghuz:

Salar:

Turkmen: goýmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (qoδ-)

Uyghur: قويۇش (qoyush)

Uzbek: qoʻymoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡуйыу (quyıw)

Tatar: куйыу (quyıw)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (qoy-)

Kumyk: [script needed] (qoy-)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: қою (qoü)

Nogai: [script needed] (qoy-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: коюу (koyuu)

Southern Altai: койор (koyor)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (kōd-), [script needed] (kōt-, “to put, to set down, to lay, to place”)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (qod-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (quz-)


ï̄-

[script needed]

Proto-Turkic: *ï̄-d- (“to send”); Old Turkic


kēče

Oghur:

Chuvash: каҫ (kaś)

Common Turkic: *kẹ̄če

Arghu

Khalaj: kêçə (“night”)

Oghuz:

desctree

Old Anatolian Turkish: كیجه (gejä)
Azerbaijani: gecə
Ottoman Turkish: گیجه (gece)
Gagauz: gecä
Turkish: gece

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: gije (“night”)

Salar: gece

Karluk:

desc

Karakhanid: [script needed] (kečä, “night”)

Uyghur: كېچە (këche, “night”), كېچا (këcha, “night; yesterday”)

Uzbek: kecha (“yesterday”)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: кисә (kisə, “yesterday”)

Bashkir: кисә (kisə, “yesterday”)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: кече (keçe, “night”)

Crimean Tatar: gece (“night”)

Kumyk: гече (geçe, “night”), геч (geç, “evening”)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: кеш (“yesterday”)

Kazakh: кеше (keşe, “yesterday”), кеш (keş, “evening”)

Nogai: кеше (keşe, “night”)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кеч (kec, “evening”), кечээ (kecee, “yesterday”)

Southern Altai: кеч (keč, “evening”), кече (keče, “yesterday”)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰛𐰃𐰲𐰀 (kéče, “evening, late in the evening”)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: киэһэ (kiehe)

Yakut: киэһэ (kiehe)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas: киӌее (kicee) geǰe

Sayan:

Dukhan: geǰe (“evening”)

Soyot: кеҷе (“evening”)

Tofa: кеҷе (kece, “evening”)

Tuvan: кежээ (kejee, “evening”)

Not derived from *keč- (“to pass, wade”). Related to *kēč (“late”).


sī-

si-k-

to copulate; see there for further descendants

sī-k

urine; see there for further descendants

sīd-tük

Proto-Turkic: *sī-d- (“to urinate”) (see there for further descendants)


tegiŋ

Oghur:

Chuvash:

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: تیون (teyin, teyün)
Turkish: değin, deyin, teğin, teyin

Karluk:

Uyghur: تىيىن (tiyin)

Uzbek: tiyin

→ English: tiyin

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: тейен (teyen), тин (tin)

Tatar: тиен (tiyen)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: тиын (tiyn)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: тыйын (tıyın)

Southern Altai: тийиҥ (tiyiŋ)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰘𐰃𐰭 (teyiŋ)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: тииҥ (tiiñ)

Yakut: тииҥ (tiiñ)

South Siberian:

Yeniseian:

Khakas: тиин (tiin)

Sayan:

Tuvan: дииң (diiñ)


umnït-

trk-cmn-conj-head

umnïttačï, umnïtmakčï, umnïtsïk, umnïtačak

umnïttačï ben, umnïtmakčï ben, umnïtačak ben

umnïttačï sen, umnïtmakčï sen, umnïtačak sen

umnïttačï biz, umnïtmakčï biz, umnïtačak biz

umnïttačï siz, umnïtmakčï siz, umnïtačak siz

umnïtmasak, umnïtmasamïz, umnïtmasar biz

umnïtmak (infinitive)
umnïtgan (participle present)
umnïtïgma (participle present)
umnïtur (participle present)
umnïttuk (participle past)
umnïtmïš (participle past)
umnïttačï (future participle)
umnïtmakčï (future participle)
umnïtsïk (future participle)
umnïtačak (future participle)
umnïtma (noun-from-verb)
umnïtïg (noun-from-verb)
umnïtgu (noun-from-verb)
umnïtïš (adverbial)
umnïtur ben (aorist indicative singular)
umnïtur sen (aorist indicative singular)
umnïtur (aorist indicative singular)
umnïtur biz (aorist indicative plural)
umnïtur siz (aorist indicative plural)
umnïtur (aorist indicative plural)
umnïttïm (indicative past singular)
umnïttïŋ (indicative past singular)
umnïttï (indicative past singular)
umnïttïk (indicative past plural)
umnïttïmïz (indicative past plural)
umnïttïŋïz (indicative past plural)
umnïttï (indicative past plural)
umnïtmïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
umnïtmïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
umnïtmïš (indicative inferential past singular)
umnïtmïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
umnïtmïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
umnïtmïš (indicative inferential past plural)
umnïttačï ben (future indicative singular)
umnïtmakčï ben (future indicative singular)
umnïtačak ben (future indicative singular)
umnïttačï sen (future indicative singular)
umnïtmakčï sen (future indicative singular)
umnïtačak sen (future indicative singular)
umnïttačï (future indicative singular)
umnïtmakčï (future indicative singular)
umnïtačak (future indicative singular)
umnïttačï biz (future indicative plural)
umnïtmakčï biz (future indicative plural)
umnïtačak biz (future indicative plural)
umnïttačï siz (future indicative plural)
umnïtmakčï siz (future indicative plural)
umnïtačak siz (future indicative plural)
umnïttačï (future indicative plural)
umnïtmakčï (future indicative plural)
umnïtačak (future indicative plural)
umnïtgay ben (future indicative singular)
umnïtgay sen (future indicative singular)
umnïtgay (future indicative singular)
umnïtgay biz (future indicative plural)
umnïtgay siz (future indicative plural)
umnïtgay (future indicative plural)
umnïtsïkïm (future indicative singular)
umnïtsïkïŋ (future indicative singular)
umnïtsïk (future indicative singular)
umnïtsïkïmïz (future indicative plural)
umnïtsïkïŋïz (future indicative plural)
umnïtsïk (future indicative plural)
umnïtsam (conditional singular)
umnïtsar ben (conditional singular)
umnïtsaŋ (conditional singular)
umnïtsar sen (conditional singular)
umnïtsa (conditional singular)
umnïtsar (conditional singular)
umnïtsak (conditional plural)
umnïtsamïz (conditional plural)
umnïtsar biz (conditional plural)
umnïtsaŋïz (conditional plural)
umnïtsar siz (conditional plural)
umnïtsalar (conditional plural)
umnïtsar (conditional plural)
umnïtgay ben (optative singular)
umnïtgay sen (optative singular)
umnïtgay (optative singular)
umnïtgay biz (optative plural)
umnïtgay siz (optative plural)
umnïtgay (optative plural)
umnïtmakda ben (progressive singular)
umnïtmakda sen (progressive singular)
umnïtmakda (progressive singular)
umnïtmakda biz (plural progressive)
umnïtmakda siz (plural progressive)
umnïtmakda (plural progressive)
umnïtmalïg ben (necessitative singular)
umnïtmalïg sen (necessitative singular)
umnïtmalïg (necessitative singular)
umnïtmalïg biz (necessitative plural)
umnïtmalïg siz (necessitative plural)
umnïtmalïg (necessitative plural)
umnïtayïn (imperative singular)
umnït (imperative singular)
umnïtgïl (imperative singular)
umnïtzun (imperative singular)
umnïtalïm (imperative plural)
umnïtïŋ (imperative plural)
umnïtzun (imperative plural)
umnïtmamak (infinitive negative)
umnïtmagan (negative participle present)
umnïtmagma (negative participle present)
umnïtmaz (negative participle present)
umnïtmaduk (negative participle past)
umnïtmamïš (negative participle past)
umnïtmačï (future negative participle)
umnïtmasïk (future negative participle)
umnïtmayačak (future negative participle)
umnïtmama (negative noun-from-verb)
umnïtmag (negative noun-from-verb)
umnïtmagu (negative noun-from-verb)
umnïtmayïš (adverbial negative)
umnïtmaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
umnïtmaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
umnïtmaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
umnïtmaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
umnïtmaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
umnïtmaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
umnïtmadïm (indicative negative past singular)
umnïtmadïŋ (indicative negative past singular)
umnïtmadï (indicative negative past singular)
umnïtmadïk (indicative negative past plural)
umnïtmadïmïz (indicative negative past plural)
umnïtmadïŋïz (indicative negative past plural)
umnïtmadï (indicative negative past plural)
umnïtmamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
umnïtmamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
umnïtmamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
umnïtmamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
umnïtmamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
umnïtmamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
umnïtmačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
umnïtmayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
umnïtmačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
umnïtmayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
umnïtmačï (future indicative negative singular)
umnïtmayačak (future indicative negative singular)
umnïtmačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
umnïtmayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
umnïtmačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
umnïtmayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
umnïtmačï (future indicative negative plural)
umnïtmayačak (future indicative negative plural)
umnïtmagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
umnïtmagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
umnïtmagay (future indicative negative singular)
umnïtmagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
umnïtmagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
umnïtmagay (future indicative negative plural)
umnïtmasïkïm (future indicative negative singular)
umnïtmasïkïŋ (future indicative negative singular)
umnïtmasïk (future indicative negative singular)
umnïtmasïkïmïz (future indicative negative plural)
umnïtmasïkïŋïz (future indicative negative plural)
umnïtmasïk (future indicative negative plural)
umnïtmasam (conditional negative singular)
umnïtmasar ben (conditional negative singular)
umnïtmasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
umnïtmasar sen (conditional negative singular)
umnïtmasa (conditional negative singular)
umnïtmasar (conditional negative singular)
umnïtmasak (conditional negative plural)
umnïtmasamïz (conditional negative plural)
umnïtmasar biz (conditional negative plural)
umnïtmasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
umnïtmasar siz (conditional negative plural)
umnïtmasalar (conditional negative plural)
umnïtmasar (conditional negative plural)
umnïtmagay ben (negative optative singular)
umnïtmagay sen (negative optative singular)
umnïtmagay (negative optative singular)
umnïtmagay biz (negative optative plural)
umnïtmagay siz (negative optative plural)
umnïtmagay (negative optative plural)
umnïtmamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
umnïtmamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
umnïtmamakda (negative progressive singular)
umnïtmamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
umnïtmamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
umnïtmamakda (negative plural progressive)
umnïtmamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
umnïtmamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
umnïtmamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
umnïtmamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
umnïtmamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
umnïtmamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
umnïtmayayïn (imperative negative singular)
umnïtma (imperative negative singular)
umnïtmagïl (imperative negative singular)
umnïtmazun (imperative negative singular)
umnïtmayalïm (imperative negative plural)
umnïtmayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
umnïtmazun (imperative negative plural)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ман (man)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj:

Proto-Oghuz: *unït-, *unut-

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: unutmaq

Ottoman Turkish: اونوتمق (unutmak)

Gagauz: unutmaa

Turkish: unutmak

Salar: unıtğusı

Turkmen: unutmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اُنِتْماقْ (unıtmaq)

Khorezmian Turkic: اونوتماق (“unutmak”)

Chagatai:

Uyghur: ئۇنتۇش (untush)

Uzbek: unutmoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: онотоу (onotow)

desc

Tatar: оныту (onıtu), онытырга (onıtırga)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: unutmaq

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (unut-)

Karaim: [script needed] (unut-)

Kumyk: [script needed] (unut-)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: ұмыту (ūmytu)

Karakalpak: [script needed] (umıt-)

Nogai: [script needed] (umıt-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: унутуу (unutuu)

Southern Altai: ундыыр (undïïr)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (unıt-)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (unut-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (unut-)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: умун (umun)

Yakut: умун (umun)

South Siberian

Sayan:

Tuvan: уттур (uttur)

Yenisei:

Shor: ундударға (unuturğa)

Khakas: ундирға (undirğa)

Causative form of *umnï-.
Compare with Proto-Mongolic *umta- (“to sleep; forget”), *umarta- (“to sleep; forget”), Proto-Tungusic *omŋa- (“to forget”), Proto-Uralic *wune- (“to forget”). Whence Finnish unohtaa (“to forget”), Mongolian умартах (umartax, “to forget”) and Even омӈа- (omŋa-, “to forget”).


elgek

elgek (nominative singular)
elgekig (accusative singular)
elgekni (accusative singular)
elgekniŋ (genitive singular)
elgekke (dative singular)
elgekde (locative singular)
elgekden (ablative singular)
elgekgerü (allative singular)
elgekin (instrumental singular)
elgekče (equative singular)
elgekleyü (singular)
elgekligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ала (ala)

Common Turkic: *elgek

Arghu:

Khalaj: həlgək

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: ələk

Ottoman Turkish: الك (elek)

Turkish: elek

East Oghuz:

Salar: elek

Turkmen: elek

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: иләк (ilək)

Tatar: иләк (iläk)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: elek

Karachay-Balkar: элек (elek)

Kumyk: элек (elek)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak:

Kazakh: елек (elek)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: элек (elek), элгек (elgek)

Southern Altai: элгек (elgek)

Karluk:

Uzbek: elak

Uyghur: ئەلگەك (elgek)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: илгек (ilgek)

Shor: элек (elek)

From *elge- (“to sift; sieve”) + *-k, ultimately goes back to *elig (“hand”).


yidge

yidge (nominative singular)
yidgeg (accusative singular)
yidgeni (accusative singular)
yidgeniŋ (genitive singular)
yidgeke (dative singular)
yidgede (locative singular)
yidgeden (ablative singular)
yidgegerü (allative singular)
yidgen (instrumental singular)
yidgeče (equative singular)
yidgeleyü (singular)
yidgeligü (comitative singular)

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *yidgelek

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫырла (śyrla)

→ Hungarian: szőlő (grape)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: еләк (yelək)

Tatar: җиләк (ciläk)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: джилек (cilek)

Kumyk: [script needed] (ciyelek)

South Kipchak:

Nogai: желек (jelek)

Karakalpak: жийде

Kazakh: жидек (jidek)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жийде (jiyde)

Southern Altai: јилек (ǰilek)

→ Armenian: ելակ (elak)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yeniseian Turkic:

desc

Khakas: чистек (çistek), сестек (sestek)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: iydə

Ottoman Turkish: ایكده (iğde), اگده (iğde)

Turkish: iğde (“oleaster, silverberry; silverberry tree”)

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: igde

Salar:

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yigde) (Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk)

Uzbek: jiyda

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Nogai:

Karakalpak: жийде (jiyde)

Kazakh: жийде (jiide)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жийде (jiyde)

Compared to Proto-Tungusic *ǯüksi- / *ǯükte (“blue-berry; berry”), Proto-Mongolic *jede-gene (“strawberry”) (whence Mongolian [script needed] (žedgene).


b(i)āka

bāka (canonical)
bāka (nominative singular)
biāka (nominative singular)
bākag (accusative singular)
biākag (accusative singular)
bākanï (accusative singular)
biākanï (accusative singular)
bākanïŋ (genitive singular)
biākanïŋ (genitive singular)
bākaka (dative singular)
biākaka (dative singular)
bākada (locative singular)
biākada (locative singular)
bākadan (ablative singular)
biākadan (ablative singular)
bākagaru (allative singular)
biākagaru (allative singular)
bākan (instrumental singular)
biākan (instrumental singular)
bākača (equative singular)
biākača (equative singular)
bākalayu (singular)
biākalayu (singular)
bākalïgu (comitative singular)
biākalïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

→ Hungarian: béka

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: bâqa

Proto-Oghuz: *b(i)aɣa

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: bağa

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: bağa

East Oghuz:

Salar: bağa

Turkmen:

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (baqa)

Chagatai: [script needed] (baqa)

⇒ Uzbek: qurbaqa

Uyghur: پاقا (paqa)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: баҡа (baqa)

Tatar: бака (baqa)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: baqa

Karachay-Balkar: макъа (maqa)

Kumyk: бакъа (baqa)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: бақа

Kazakh: бақа (baqa)

Nogai: бака (baka)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: бака (baka)

Southern Altai: бака (baka)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (baka)

Old Uyghur:

Western Yugur: paqa

North Siberian:

Dolgan: бага (baga)

Yakut: баҕа (bağa)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: пага (paga)

Yenisei:

Khakas: паға (pağa)

Shor: паға (pağa)


ǖš

ǖš (nominative singular)
ǖšüg (accusative singular)
ǖšni (accusative singular)
ǖšnüŋ (genitive singular)
ǖške (dative singular)
ǖšde (locative singular)
ǖšden (ablative singular)
ǖšgerü (allative singular)
ǖšün (instrumental singular)
ǖšče (equative singular)
ǖšleyü (singular)
ǖšlügü (comitative singular)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

⇒ Ottoman Turkish: اوشك (üşek)

Turkish: üşek

Karluk:

⇒ Karakhanid: [script needed] (üşek)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

⇒ Dolgan: үс-кис (üs-kis, “sable”)

Yakut: үүс (üüs)

South Siberian:

Yeniseian:

Khakas: ӱс (üs)

Shor: ӱc (üs)

Sayan:

Tofa: үс (üs)

Tuvan: үс (üs)

The Turkish vaşak and Azerbaijani term vaşaq for lynx, might also be a descendant of *ǖš with some influences from Arabic or Persian, or directly a borrowing from Arabic وشق (wašaq).


kančïk

kančïk (nominative singular)
kančïkïg (accusative singular)
kančïknï (accusative singular)
kančïknïŋ (genitive singular)
kančïkka (dative singular)
kančïkda (locative singular)
kančïkdan (ablative singular)
kančïkgaru (allative singular)
kančïkïn (instrumental singular)
kančïkča (equative singular)
kančïklayu (singular)
kančïklïgu (comitative singular)

Common Turkic: *kaŋčïk, *kančïk

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: qancıq

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: قانجیق (kancık), قانجق (kancık)
Turkish: kancık

East Oghuz:

Salar: gancıq (“female dog”)

Turkmen: ganjyk

Karluk:

Karakhanid: قَنْجِقْ (qančıq)

Uyghur: قانجۇق (qanjuq)

Uzbek: qanjiq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡансыҡ (qansıq)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: qancıq

Kumyk: [script needed] (qançıq)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: қаншық

Kazakh: қаншық (qanşyq)

Nogai: [script needed] (qancıq)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: канчык (kancık)

Southern Altai: канчык (kančïk)

Siberian:

desc

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (qančïq, “female dog”)

Probably borrowed from Sogdian 𐼸𐼻𐼿𐼷𐼸 (kncyk, “young girl”), diminutive of 𐼸𐼻𐼿 (knc, “girl”). Some anaylse it as *kan + *-čïk, however considering the root is unattested and the suffix would have been *-čük at the time, this is unlikely.
Compared to Proto-Tungusic *kačikān (“puppy”) by Altaicists however that is likely a borrowing from Turkic.

bor+

(Common Turkic) bitch; both in the sense of female dog and a promiscuous woman.


subsa-

Oghur:

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: suvsamaq

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: susamaq

Ottoman Turkish: صوسامق (susamak)

Turkish: susamak

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: suwsamak

Karluk:

desc

Karakhanid: [script needed] (suvsa-, “to be thirsty”)

Uyghur: ئۇسسۇماق (ussumaq)

Uzbek: suvsamoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һыуһау (hıwhaw)

Tatar: сусау (susaw)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: сусау (susau)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: суусоо (suusoo)

Southern Altai: суузаар (suuzaar)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yeniseian:

Khakas: сухса- (suxsa-)

Sayan:

Tuvan: суксаар (suksaar)

From *sub (“water”) + *-sa (“desiderative suffix”).