buŋ

buŋ (nominative singular)
buŋlar (nominative plural)
buŋnïŋ (genitive singular)
buŋlarnïŋ (genitive plural)
buŋka (dative singular)
buŋlarka (dative plural)
buŋda (locative singular)
buŋlarda (locative plural)
buŋdan (ablative singular)
buŋlardan (ablative plural)
buŋlarïn (instrumental plural)
buŋča (equative singular)
buŋlarča (equative plural)

Oghuz:

Proto-Oghuz: *buŋ

Old Anatolian Turkish: بوك (buñ)

Ottoman Turkish: بوك (buñ)

Gagauz: bun

Turkish: bun

Turkmen: muňly (dialect)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (muñ)

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (muñ)

Chagatai: مونک (mung)

Uzbek: mung

Uyghur: مۇڭ (mung)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: موڭ (muñ)

North Kipchak:

Tatar: моң (moñ)

Bashkir: моң (moñ)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: мунг (muñ)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: мұң (mūñ)

Karakalpak: mung

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: муң (muŋ)

Southern Altai: муҥ (muŋ)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰉𐰆𐰭 (buŋ)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (muŋ)

Yenisei Kyrgyz: 𐰉𐰆𐰬 (buŋ)

North Siberian:

Yakut: муҥ (muñ)

Dolgan: муҥ

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: муң (muñ)

Yenisei:

Shor: [script needed] (muñ)


üčün

Oghur:

Chuvash: -шӑн (-šăn), -шӗн (-šĕn)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: ایچون (içün)

Ajem-Turkic:

Azerbaijani: اوچون, üçün

Qashqai: ایچی (içi)

Ottoman Turkish: ایچون (içün)

Turkish: için

Gagauz: için

Salar: üçün

Turkmen: üçin

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (üçün)

Khorezmian Turkic:

Chagatai: اوچون (üçün)

Ili Turki: ičin

Uzbek: uchun

Uyghur: ئۈچۈن (üchün)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: içün

desc

Urum: ичин (için), ичӱн (içün), ӱчӱ (üçü), ӱчӱн (üçün), чин (çin), чӱн (çün)

Karachay-Balkar: ючюн (yuçün)

Karaim: учун (uçun), ицин (itsin), ӱчюнь (üçyuń)

Kumyk: учун (uçun)

Krymchak: ичӱн (içün), ӱчӱн (üçün)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: өсөн (ösön)

Tatar: өчен (öçen)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: үшін (üşın)

Karakalpak: ушын (uşın)

Nogai: уьшин (üşin)

Siberian Tatar: өцөн (ötsön)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: үчүн (ücün)

Southern Altai: учун (učun)

Tuba-Kizhi: учун (uçun)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Yenisei Kyrgyz: 𐰇𐰲𐰥 (üčn² /üčün/)

Old Turkic: 𐰇𐰲𐰤 (üčn² /üčün/)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (üčün)

North Siberian:

Yakut: иһин (ihin)

Dolgan: иһин (ihin)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: ужун (ujun)

Yenisei Turkic:

Chulym: [script needed] (üçün)

Khakas: ӱчӱн (üçün)

Shor: ӱчӱн (üǯün)

Northern Altai:

Kumandy-Kizhi: учун (učun), ушун (ušun)

Kuu-Kizhi: ӱжӱн (üžün)

From Proto-Turkic *üč- + *-ün.
Compare to Proto-Mongolic *uč-ir (“cause, reason”), Proto-Tungusic *uč-ik (“case, fate”).


sipür-

Proto-Mongolic *sixür- (“to sweep”), *sixür (“broom, besom”) are early loanwords from Turkic. Compared also Evenki [script needed] (čipi-, “to sweep; to scrape”) by EDAL. (See also *topïk)


sipür-

Oghur:

Chuvash: шӑпӑр (šăp̬ăr, “broom”)

desc

→ Hungarian: seper (“to sweep, to broom”), söpör

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: sipürmək

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: süpürmək

Ottoman Turkish: سوپورمك (süpürmek)

Turkish: süpürmek

Gagauz: süpürmää

Salar: sürgüsi (“to sweep”), süfse (“broom”), süpse (“broom”), sipse (“broom”)

Turkmen: süpürmek, sübse (“broom”)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (süpür-)

Uzbek: supurmoq

Uyghur: [script needed] (süpürmek) (سۈپۈرگە (süpürge, “broom”))

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: sipirmek, sıpırmaq

Kumyk: [script needed] (sibir-)

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (sibir-)

Karaim: [script needed] (sibir-)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һепереү (heperew), һепертке (hepertke, “broom”)

Tatar: себерергә (seberergä)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: sıpırw

Kazakh: сыпыру (sypyru)

Nogai: сыпыру (sıpıru)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: шыпыруу (şıpıruu)

Southern Altai: сибир- (sibir-)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: сиппий (sippiy, “to sweep”), сиппиир (sippiir, “broom”)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: [script needed] (sivir-)

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (sıbır-)


yï̄lan

yï̄lan (nominative singular)
yï̄lanïg (accusative singular)
yï̄lannï (accusative singular)
yï̄lannïŋ (genitive singular)
yï̄lanka (dative singular)
yï̄lanta (locative singular)
yï̄lantan (ablative singular)
yï̄langaru (allative singular)
yï̄lanïn (instrumental singular)
yï̄lanča (equative singular)
yï̄lanlayu (singular)
yï̄lanlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫӗлен (śĕlen)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: yilân

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: ilan

Ottoman Turkish: ییلان (yılan)

Gagauz: yılan

Turkish: yılan

Salar: yilen

Turkmen: ýylān

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yılan)

Uyghur: يىلان (yilan)

Uzbek: ilon

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: йылан (yılan)

Tatar: елан (yelan)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: cılan, yılan

Karachay-Balkar: джылан (cılan), жылан (jılan), жилян (jilyan)

Karaim: [script needed] (yilan)

Kumyk: йылан (yılan)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (jılan)

Kazakh: жылан (jylan)

Nogai: йылан (yılan)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жылан (jılan)

Southern Altai: јылан (ǰïlan)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰃𐰞𐰣 (y¹il¹n¹)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yılan)

Western Yugur: yilan

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: чулан (çulan)

Tuvan: чылан (çılan)

Yenisei:

Khakas: чылан (çılan)

Shor: чылан (çılan)

From Proto-Turkic *yï̄l- (“to creep”) + *-lan.


omuŕ

omuŕ (nominative singular)
omuŕug (accusative singular)
omuŕnï (accusative singular)
omuŕnuŋ (genitive singular)
omuŕka (dative singular)
omuŕta (locative singular)
omuŕtan (ablative singular)
omuŕgaru (allative singular)
omuŕun (instrumental singular)
omuŕča (equative singular)
omuŕlayu (singular)
omuŕlugu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Volga Bulgar:

Chuvash: ӑмӑр (ămăr, “chest of animal”)

> Danube Bulgar: ΩΜΟΡ (omur) (as in ΩΜΟΡΤΑΓ)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish: اوموز (omuz, “shoulder”)

Turkish: omuz

Gagauz: omuz

Turkmen: omuz

Karluk:

Karakhanid:

Chagatai: اوموز (omuz, “shoulder”)

Uzbek: oʻmiz

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: omuz

Kumyk: омуз (omuz)

Karachay-Balkar: омуз (omuz)

Karaim: [script needed] (omuz)

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *omur- (“collar bone, clavicle”), compare Mongolian омруу (omruu, “clavicle, sternum”). Compare also Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓms (“shoulder”), whence Latin umerus (“shoulder”), Ancient Greek ὦμος (ômos, “shoulder”); perhaps an early interaction with an Indo-European language.


sakïŕ

sakïŕ (nominative singular)
sakïŕïg (accusative singular)
sakïŕnï (accusative singular)
sakïŕnïŋ (genitive singular)
sakïŕka (dative singular)
sakïŕta (locative singular)
sakïŕtan (ablative singular)
sakïŕgaru (allative singular)
sakïŕïn (instrumental singular)
sakïŕča (equative singular)
sakïŕlayu (singular)
sakïŕlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: сухӑр (suh̬ăr)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: saqqız

Ottoman Turkish: ساقز (sakız)

Gagauz: sakız

Turkish: sakız

Turkmen: sakgyç

Karluk:

Chagatai: سقیز (saqız)

Karakhanid: [script needed] (saqız)

Uzbek: saqich

Uyghur: سېغىز (sëghiz)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: saqız

Karaim: [script needed] (saqız)

Kumyk: сагъыз (sağız)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һағыҙ (hağıź)

Tatar: сагыз (sağız)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: sağız

Kazakh: сағыз (sağyz)

Nogai: сагыз (sagız)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: сагыз (sagız)

Southern Altai: саҥыс (saŋïs)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Dolgan: ыас

Yakut: ыас (ıas)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: саат (saat)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: саас (saas)


semri-

Oghur:

Chuvash: самӑрт (samărt, “to fatten”)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: səmirmək (“to fatten”)

Ottoman Turkish:

desc

Turkish: semirmek (“to fatten”), semirtmek (“to fatten”)

Turkmen: semremek

Karluk:

Karakhanid:

Khorezmian Turkic:

Chagatai:

Uzbek: semirmoq

Uyghur: سەمرىمەك (semrimek), сәмәрмәк (semermek)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: семирмек (semirmek)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һимереү (himerew)

Tatar: симерү (simerü)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: семіру (semıru)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: семирүү (semirüü)

Southern Altai: семирер (semirer)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: семириир (semiriir)

Yenisei Turkic

Khakas: симірерге (simìrerge)

Shor: себирерге

Shor: себирерге

Northern Altai: себирерге (sebirerge)

Western Yugur: semïr-

From *semiŕ (“fat”) + *-i. Later Turkic forms showcase metathesis to *semir-.


sïčgan

sïčgan (nominative singular)
sïčganïg (accusative singular)
sïčgannï (accusative singular)
sïčgannïŋ (genitive singular)
sïčganka (dative singular)
sïčganta (locative singular)
sïčgantan (ablative singular)
sïčgangaru (allative singular)
sïčganïn (instrumental singular)
sïčganča (equative singular)
sïčganlayu (singular)
sïčganlïgu (comitative singular)

→? Hungarian: cickány

Oghur:

Chuvash: шӑши (šăš̬i)

Arghu:

Khalaj: sıçğân

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: siçan

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: صیچان (sıçan), سچان (sıçan)
Turkish: sıçan
→ Serbo-Croatian: sičan

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: syçan

Karluk:

Karakhanid: سِجْغانْ (sïčɣān)

Uzbek: sichqon

Uyghur: چاشقان (chashqan)

Armeno-Kipchak: սըչխան (səčʻxan)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: sıçan

desc

Karachay-Balkar: чичхан (çiçxan), чычхан (çıçxan)

Kumyk: чычкъан (çıçqan)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: сысҡан (sısqan)

Tatar: тычкан (tıçkan), сычан (sıçan)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: тышқан (tyşqan)

→⇒ Russian: тушканчик (tuškančik)

Nogai: шышкан (şışkan)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: чычкан (čïčkan)

Kyrgyz: чычкан (cıckan)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰽𐰲𐰍𐰭 (sïčgan)

Old Uyghur: syčγ՚n (sïčɣan)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (šɨɣan)

North Siberian:

Yakut:

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas:

Shor: шышқан (şışqan)

From *sïč- (“to defecate”) + *-gan.
Nomen agentis of *sïč- (“to defecate”), literally "the one who defecates".


eŋse

eŋse (nominative singular)
eŋseler (nominative plural)
eŋseniŋ (genitive singular)
eŋselerniŋ (genitive plural)
eŋseke (dative singular)
eŋselerke (dative plural)
eŋsede (locative singular)
eŋselerde (locative plural)
eŋseden (ablative singular)
eŋselerden (ablative plural)
eŋselerin (instrumental plural)
eŋseče (equative singular)
eŋselerče (equative plural)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: ənsə

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: ense

Gagauz: yensä

Salar: eñse

Turkmen: ýeňse

Karluk:

Karakhanid:

Chagatai:

Uzbek: ensa

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: eñse

Kumyk: енгсе (yeñse)

Karaim: [script needed] (eŋse)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: иңһә (iñhə)

Tatar: иңсә (iñsä)

→ Chuvash: ӗнсе (ĕns̬e), инсе (ins̬e)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: еңсе (eñse)

Karakalpak: engse

Nogai: [script needed] (eŋse)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: [script needed] (eŋse)

Southern Altai: эҥзе (eŋze, “hump, back of the head”)

Derived from Proto-Turkic *eg- (“to bend, to bow”).


yaruk

yaruk (nominative singular)
yaruklar (nominative plural)
yaruknïŋ (genitive singular)
yaruklarnïŋ (genitive plural)
yarukka (dative singular)
yaruklarka (dative plural)
yarukta (locative singular)
yaruklarda (locative plural)
yaruktan (ablative singular)
yaruklardan (ablative plural)
yaruklarïn (instrumental plural)
yarukča (equative singular)
yaruklarča (equative plural)


yaruk

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yaruq, “light”)

Kipchak:

Kipchak-Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: yarıq

Karachay-Balkar: джарыкъ (carıq)

Kumyk: ярыкъ (yarıq)

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: жарық (jaryq)

Nogai: ярык (yarık)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: јарык (ǰarïk)

Kyrgyz: жарык (jarık)

Karluk:

Uyghur: يورۇق (yoruq)

Uzbek: yorugʻ

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: сырдык (sırdık)

South Siberian:

Yeniseian:

Khakas: чарых (çarıx)

Sayan:

Tuvan: чырык (çırık)


kepelek

kepelek (nominative singular)
kepelekig (accusative singular)
kepelekni (accusative singular)
kepelekniŋ (genitive singular)
kepelekke (dative singular)
kepelekde (locative singular)
kepelekden (ablative singular)
kepelekgerü (allative singular)
kepelekin (instrumental singular)
kepelekče (equative singular)
kepelekleyü (singular)
kepelekligü (comitative singular)

Common Turkic: *kepeli, *kepelek, *kelepek

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: كلابك (gäläbäk)

Azerbaijani: kəpənək

Ottoman Turkish: كلبك (kelebek)

Turkish: kelebek

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: kebelek (کبلاک)

Karluk

Karakhanid: [script needed] (kepēlī)

Uzbek: kapalak

Uyghur: كېپىنەك (këpinek)

Kipchak:

Cuman: [script needed] (köbelek)

North Kipchak

Bashkir: күбәләк (kübələk)

Tatar: күбәләк (kübäläk)

South Kipchak

Kazakh: көбелек (köbelek)

West Kipchak

Kumyk: гёбелек (göbelek)

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: көпөлөк (köpölök)

Southern Altai: кӧбӧлӧк (köbölök)

Siberian:

South Siberian

Yenisei:

Shor: қонақ (qonaq)

Northern Altai: кӧбӧлек (köbölek), кӧвӧлӧк (kövölök)

From *kepeli (“butterfly”) + *-ak (“diminutive suffix”). The rounding in some of the descendants is due to the neighboring labial /p/. Some of the descendants also exhibit metathesis to *kelepek. Eren (1999) suggests that this word is an onomatopoeic in origin.
Clauson suggets a loanword, but does not give a source language, pointing that it is only present in Oghuz, Karluk and Kipchak branches.
Compared to Proto-Mongolic *kibe (“moth”) (Mongolian хив (xiv, “moth”)) and Japanese コオロギ (kōrogi, “cricket”) by Altaicists, although such comparisons are deemed as unscientific by the consensus.


tēk

Oguz

Azerbaijani: tək

→ Armenian: թաք (tʻakʻ)

→ Persian: تک (tak)

Ottoman Turkish: تك (tek)

Turkish: tek

Turkmen: täk (ýeke-täk)

Kypchak

Kazakh: тек (tek)

Kyrgyz: тек (tek)

Tatar: тик (tik)

Bashkir: тик (tik)

Crimean Tatar: tek

Kumyk: тек (tek)

Siberian

South Siberian

Tuvan: тик (tik)

Other languages

→ Mongolian: тэг (teg)

Perhaps from Old Chinese 隻 (*tjaːɡ, “alone, single, unique”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tjak ~ g-t(j)ik (“one”).


bakïr

bakïr (nominative singular)
bakïrïg (accusative singular)
bakïrnï (accusative singular)
bakïrnïŋ (genitive singular)
bakïrka (dative singular)
bakïrta (locative singular)
bakïrtan (ablative singular)
bakïrgaru (allative singular)
bakïrïn (instrumental singular)
bakïrča (equative singular)
bakïrlayu (singular)
bakïrlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: пӑхӑр (păh̬ăr)

Common Turkic: *bakïr

Oghuz:

Proto-Oghuz: *bakïr

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (baqır)

Azerbaijani: paxır

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: باقر (bakır), باقیر (bakır), بقر (bakır)
Turkish: bakır
→ Albanian: bakër
→ Armenian: պախըր (paxər), փախըր (pʻaxər)
→ Aromanian: bãcãri
→ Bulgarian: бакъ́р (bakǎ́r)
→ Greek: μπακίρι (bakíri)
→ Ladino: bakir
→ Laz: ბაქირი (bakiri)
→ Macedonian: бакар (bakar)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ба̀кар
Latin script: bàkar
→ Slovene: báker

desc

⇒ Turkish: bakraç (“copper cooking pot”)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بَقِرْ (baqır)

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (baqır), [script needed] (paqır)

Chagatai: پاقر (paqır)

Uzbek: paqir

Uyghur: [script needed] (paqır)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: بقر (baqır)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: баҡыр (baqır)

Tatar: бакыр (baqır)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: baqır

Karachay-Balkar: багъыр (bağır)

Karaim: [script needed] (baɣır)

Kumyk: багъыр (bağır)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: бақыр (baqyr)

Karakalpak: [script needed] (baqır)

Nogai: бакыр (bakır)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: бакыр (bakır)

Southern Altai: бакыр (bakïr, “wretch”)

⇒ Southern Altai: бакрас (bakras)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (baqır)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (baqır)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (paqır)

North Siberian:

⇒? Yakut: баҕарах (bağaraq, “pot for boiling milk”)

South Siberian:

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: пағыр (pağır)


sīd-

Oghur:

Chuvash: шăр (šăr)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: sîdmək

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: siymək

Ottoman Turkish: سیمك (simek)

Turkish: siymek (“to piss with one leg up (for cat, dog)”)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (siδ-)

Uzbek: siymoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һейеү (heyew)

Tatar: сияргә (siyargä)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: siymek

Kumyk: сиймек (siymek)

Karachay-Balkar: сийерге (siyerge)

Karaim: [script needed] (siy-)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: сийүү (siyüü)

Southern Altai: сийер (siyer)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak:

Kazakh: сию (siü)

Nogai: сиюв (siyuv)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (sid-)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Shor: [script needed] (si-)

Khakas: [script needed] (side-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (siz-)


-iŋiŕ

eb (“house”) + *-iŋiŕ → *ebiŋiŕ (“(your (plural)) house”)

-im

suffix equiping headword for first-person singular

-iŋ

suffix equiping headword for second-person singular

-si

suffix equiping headword for third-person

-imiŕ

suffix equiping headword for first-person plural

-ki

used to form a an adjectival or nominal that that indicates the possessor


agsa-

trk-cmn-conj-head

agsadačï ben, agsamakčï ben, agsayačak ben

agsadačï sen, agsamakčï sen, agsayačak sen

agsadačï biz, agsamakčï biz, agsayačak biz

agsadačï siz, agsamakčï siz, agsayačak siz

agsamak (infinitive)
agsagan (participle present)
agsagma (participle present)
agsar (participle present)
agsaduk (participle past)
agsamïš (participle past)
agsadačï (future participle)
agsamakčï (future participle)
agsasïk (future participle)
agsayačak (future participle)
agsama (noun-from-verb)
agsag (noun-from-verb)
agsagu (noun-from-verb)
agsaš (adverbial)
agsar ben (aorist indicative singular)
agsar sen (aorist indicative singular)
agsar (aorist indicative singular)
agsar biz (aorist indicative plural)
agsar siz (aorist indicative plural)
agsar (aorist indicative plural)
agsadïm (indicative past singular)
agsadïŋ (indicative past singular)
agsadï (indicative past singular)
agsadïk (indicative past plural)
agsadïmïz (indicative past plural)
agsadïŋïz (indicative past plural)
agsadï (indicative past plural)
agsamïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
agsamïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
agsamïš (indicative inferential past singular)
agsamïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
agsamïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
agsamïš (indicative inferential past plural)
agsadačï ben (future indicative singular)
agsamakčï ben (future indicative singular)
agsayačak ben (future indicative singular)
agsadačï sen (future indicative singular)
agsamakčï sen (future indicative singular)
agsayačak sen (future indicative singular)
agsadačï (future indicative singular)
agsamakčï (future indicative singular)
agsayačak (future indicative singular)
agsadačï biz (future indicative plural)
agsamakčï biz (future indicative plural)
agsayačak biz (future indicative plural)
agsadačï siz (future indicative plural)
agsamakčï siz (future indicative plural)
agsayačak siz (future indicative plural)
agsadačï (future indicative plural)
agsamakčï (future indicative plural)
agsayačak (future indicative plural)
agsagay ben (future indicative singular)
agsagay sen (future indicative singular)
agsagay (future indicative singular)
agsagay biz (future indicative plural)
agsagay siz (future indicative plural)
agsagay (future indicative plural)
agsasïkïm (future indicative singular)
agsasïkïŋ (future indicative singular)
agsasïk (future indicative singular)
agsasïkïmïz (future indicative plural)
agsasïkïŋïz (future indicative plural)
agsasïk (future indicative plural)
agsasam (conditional singular)
agsasar ben (conditional singular)
agsasaŋ (conditional singular)
agsasar sen (conditional singular)
agsasa (conditional singular)
agsasar (conditional singular)
agsasak (conditional plural)
agsasamïz (conditional plural)
agsasar biz (conditional plural)
agsasaŋïz (conditional plural)
agsasar siz (conditional plural)
agsasalar (conditional plural)
agsasar (conditional plural)
agsagay ben (optative singular)
agsagay sen (optative singular)
agsagay (optative singular)
agsagay biz (optative plural)
agsagay siz (optative plural)
agsagay (optative plural)
agsamakda ben (progressive singular)
agsamakda sen (progressive singular)
agsamakda (progressive singular)
agsamakda biz (plural progressive)
agsamakda siz (plural progressive)
agsamakda (plural progressive)
agsamalïg ben (necessitative singular)
agsamalïg sen (necessitative singular)
agsamalïg (necessitative singular)
agsamalïg biz (necessitative plural)
agsamalïg siz (necessitative plural)
agsamalïg (necessitative plural)
agsayayïn (imperative singular)
agsa (imperative singular)
agsagïl (imperative singular)
agsazun (imperative singular)
agsayalïm (imperative plural)
agsayïŋ (imperative plural)
agsazun (imperative plural)
agsamamak (infinitive negative)
agsamagan (negative participle present)
agsamagma (negative participle present)
agsamaz (negative participle present)
agsamaduk (negative participle past)
agsamamïš (negative participle past)
agsamačï (future negative participle)
agsamasïk (future negative participle)
agsamayačak (future negative participle)
agsamama (negative noun-from-verb)
agsamag (negative noun-from-verb)
agsamagu (negative noun-from-verb)
agsamaš (adverbial negative)
agsamaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
agsamaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
agsamaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
agsamaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
agsamaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
agsamaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
agsamadïm (indicative negative past singular)
agsamadïŋ (indicative negative past singular)
agsamadï (indicative negative past singular)
agsamadïk (indicative negative past plural)
agsamadïmïz (indicative negative past plural)
agsamadïŋïz (indicative negative past plural)
agsamadï (indicative negative past plural)
agsamamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
agsamamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
agsamamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
agsamamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
agsamamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
agsamamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
agsamačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
agsamayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
agsamačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
agsamayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
agsamačï (future indicative negative singular)
agsamayačak (future indicative negative singular)
agsamačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
agsamayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
agsamačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
agsamayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
agsamačï (future indicative negative plural)
agsamayačak (future indicative negative plural)
agsamagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
agsamagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
agsamagay (future indicative negative singular)
agsamagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
agsamagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
agsamagay (future indicative negative plural)
agsamasïkïm (future indicative negative singular)
agsamasïkïŋ (future indicative negative singular)
agsamasïk (future indicative negative singular)
agsamasïkïmïz (future indicative negative plural)
agsamasïkïŋïz (future indicative negative plural)
agsamasïk (future indicative negative plural)
agsamasam (conditional negative singular)
agsamasar ben (conditional negative singular)
agsamasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
agsamasar sen (conditional negative singular)
agsamasa (conditional negative singular)
agsamasar (conditional negative singular)
agsamasak (conditional negative plural)
agsamasamïz (conditional negative plural)
agsamasar biz (conditional negative plural)
agsamasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
agsamasar siz (conditional negative plural)
agsamasalar (conditional negative plural)
agsamasar (conditional negative plural)
agsamagay ben (negative optative singular)
agsamagay sen (negative optative singular)
agsamagay (negative optative singular)
agsamagay biz (negative optative plural)
agsamagay siz (negative optative plural)
agsamagay (negative optative plural)
agsamamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
agsamamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
agsamamakda (negative progressive singular)
agsamamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
agsamamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
agsamamakda (negative plural progressive)
agsamamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
agsamamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
agsamamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
agsamamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
agsamamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
agsamamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
agsamayayïn (imperative negative singular)
agsama (imperative negative singular)
agsamagïl (imperative negative singular)
agsamazun (imperative negative singular)
agsamayalïm (imperative negative plural)
agsamayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
agsamazun (imperative negative plural)

Common Turkic: *aksa-

Proto-Oghuz: *aksa-

West Oghuz:

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (aqsamaq)

Azerbaijani: axsamaq

Ottoman Turkish: آقسامق (aksamak)

Turkish: aksamak

Kipchak:

Kipchak: اقساماق (aqsamaq)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: аҡһау (aqhaw, “to limp”), аҡһандау (aqhandaw, “to limp slightly”), аҡһаҡ (aqhaq, “lame, limping”)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: aqsamaq

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: ақсаңдау (aqsañdau)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: акса- (aksa-), аксаңда- (aksaŋda-)

Southern Altai: акса- (aksa-), аксаҥ- (aksaŋ-), аксаҥда- (aksaŋda-)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: ʾʾqsʾ- (aɣsa-/aqsa-/axsa-)

Sevortjan suggets a derivation from *āg- (“to rise; to dangle”) and Nişanyan connects it to *ak- (“to flow”), however he also rejects both theories on the bases of semantics. Most other linguists consider it simplex.


yï̄gla-

trk-cmn-conj-head

yï̄gladačï, yï̄glamakčï, yï̄glasïk, yï̄glayačak

yï̄gladačï ben, yï̄glamakčï ben, yï̄glayačak ben

yï̄gladačï sen, yï̄glamakčï sen, yï̄glayačak sen

yï̄gladačï biz, yï̄glamakčï biz, yï̄glayačak biz

yï̄gladačï siz, yï̄glamakčï siz, yï̄glayačak siz

yï̄glamasak, yï̄glamasamïz, yï̄glamasar biz

yï̄glamak (infinitive)
yï̄glagan (participle present)
yï̄glagma (participle present)
yï̄glar (participle present)
yï̄gladuk (participle past)
yï̄glamïš (participle past)
yï̄gladačï (future participle)
yï̄glamakčï (future participle)
yï̄glasïk (future participle)
yï̄glayačak (future participle)
yï̄glama (noun-from-verb)
yï̄glag (noun-from-verb)
yï̄glagu (noun-from-verb)
yï̄glaš (adverbial)
yï̄glar ben (aorist indicative singular)
yï̄glar sen (aorist indicative singular)
yï̄glar (aorist indicative singular)
yï̄glar biz (aorist indicative plural)
yï̄glar siz (aorist indicative plural)
yï̄glar (aorist indicative plural)
yï̄gladïm (indicative past singular)
yï̄gladïŋ (indicative past singular)
yï̄gladï (indicative past singular)
yï̄gladïk (indicative past plural)
yï̄gladïmïz (indicative past plural)
yï̄gladïŋïz (indicative past plural)
yï̄gladï (indicative past plural)
yï̄glamïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
yï̄glamïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
yï̄glamïš (indicative inferential past singular)
yï̄glamïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
yï̄glamïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
yï̄glamïš (indicative inferential past plural)
yï̄gladačï ben (future indicative singular)
yï̄glamakčï ben (future indicative singular)
yï̄glayačak ben (future indicative singular)
yï̄gladačï sen (future indicative singular)
yï̄glamakčï sen (future indicative singular)
yï̄glayačak sen (future indicative singular)
yï̄gladačï (future indicative singular)
yï̄glamakčï (future indicative singular)
yï̄glayačak (future indicative singular)
yï̄gladačï biz (future indicative plural)
yï̄glamakčï biz (future indicative plural)
yï̄glayačak biz (future indicative plural)
yï̄gladačï siz (future indicative plural)
yï̄glamakčï siz (future indicative plural)
yï̄glayačak siz (future indicative plural)
yï̄gladačï (future indicative plural)
yï̄glamakčï (future indicative plural)
yï̄glayačak (future indicative plural)
yï̄glagay ben (future indicative singular)
yï̄glagay sen (future indicative singular)
yï̄glagay (future indicative singular)
yï̄glagay biz (future indicative plural)
yï̄glagay siz (future indicative plural)
yï̄glagay (future indicative plural)
yï̄glasïkïm (future indicative singular)
yï̄glasïkïŋ (future indicative singular)
yï̄glasïk (future indicative singular)
yï̄glasïkïmïz (future indicative plural)
yï̄glasïkïŋïz (future indicative plural)
yï̄glasïk (future indicative plural)
yï̄glasam (conditional singular)
yï̄glasar ben (conditional singular)
yï̄glasaŋ (conditional singular)
yï̄glasar sen (conditional singular)
yï̄glasa (conditional singular)
yï̄glasar (conditional singular)
yï̄glasak (conditional plural)
yï̄glasamïz (conditional plural)
yï̄glasar biz (conditional plural)
yï̄glasaŋïz (conditional plural)
yï̄glasar siz (conditional plural)
yï̄glasalar (conditional plural)
yï̄glasar (conditional plural)
yï̄glagay ben (optative singular)
yï̄glagay sen (optative singular)
yï̄glagay (optative singular)
yï̄glagay biz (optative plural)
yï̄glagay siz (optative plural)
yï̄glagay (optative plural)
yï̄glamakda ben (progressive singular)
yï̄glamakda sen (progressive singular)
yï̄glamakda (progressive singular)
yï̄glamakda biz (plural progressive)
yï̄glamakda siz (plural progressive)
yï̄glamakda (plural progressive)
yï̄glamalïg ben (necessitative singular)
yï̄glamalïg sen (necessitative singular)
yï̄glamalïg (necessitative singular)
yï̄glamalïg biz (necessitative plural)
yï̄glamalïg siz (necessitative plural)
yï̄glamalïg (necessitative plural)
yï̄glayayïn (imperative singular)
yï̄gla (imperative singular)
yï̄glagïl (imperative singular)
yï̄glazun (imperative singular)
yï̄glayalïm (imperative plural)
yï̄glayïŋ (imperative plural)
yï̄glazun (imperative plural)
yï̄glamamak (infinitive negative)
yï̄glamagan (negative participle present)
yï̄glamagma (negative participle present)
yï̄glamaz (negative participle present)
yï̄glamaduk (negative participle past)
yï̄glamamïš (negative participle past)
yï̄glamačï (future negative participle)
yï̄glamasïk (future negative participle)
yï̄glamayačak (future negative participle)
yï̄glamama (negative noun-from-verb)
yï̄glamag (negative noun-from-verb)
yï̄glamagu (negative noun-from-verb)
yï̄glamaš (adverbial negative)
yï̄glamaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamadïm (indicative negative past singular)
yï̄glamadïŋ (indicative negative past singular)
yï̄glamadï (indicative negative past singular)
yï̄glamadïk (indicative negative past plural)
yï̄glamadïmïz (indicative negative past plural)
yï̄glamadïŋïz (indicative negative past plural)
yï̄glamadï (indicative negative past plural)
yï̄glamamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
yï̄glamamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
yï̄glamamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
yï̄glamamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
yï̄glamamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
yï̄glamamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
yï̄glamačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamačï (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamayačak (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamačï (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamayačak (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamagay (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamagay (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamasïkïm (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamasïkïŋ (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamasïk (future indicative negative singular)
yï̄glamasïkïmïz (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamasïkïŋïz (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamasïk (future indicative negative plural)
yï̄glamasam (conditional negative singular)
yï̄glamasar ben (conditional negative singular)
yï̄glamasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
yï̄glamasar sen (conditional negative singular)
yï̄glamasa (conditional negative singular)
yï̄glamasar (conditional negative singular)
yï̄glamasak (conditional negative plural)
yï̄glamasamïz (conditional negative plural)
yï̄glamasar biz (conditional negative plural)
yï̄glamasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
yï̄glamasar siz (conditional negative plural)
yï̄glamasalar (conditional negative plural)
yï̄glamasar (conditional negative plural)
yï̄glamagay ben (negative optative singular)
yï̄glamagay sen (negative optative singular)
yï̄glamagay (negative optative singular)
yï̄glamagay biz (negative optative plural)
yï̄glamagay siz (negative optative plural)
yï̄glamagay (negative optative plural)
yï̄glamamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
yï̄glamamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
yï̄glamamakda (negative progressive singular)
yï̄glamamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
yï̄glamamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
yï̄glamamakda (negative plural progressive)
yï̄glamamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
yï̄glamamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
yï̄glamamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
yï̄glamamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
yï̄glamamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
yï̄glamamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
yï̄glamayayïn (imperative negative singular)
yï̄glama (imperative negative singular)
yï̄glamagïl (imperative negative singular)
yï̄glamazun (imperative negative singular)
yï̄glamayalïm (imperative negative plural)
yï̄glamayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
yï̄glamazun (imperative negative plural)

Arghu:

Khalaj: hığlamaq

Oghuz: *yāğla-

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: ağlamaq

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: آغلامق
Turkish: ağlamak
Gagauz: aalamaa

→ Crimean Tatar: ağlamaq

Salar: yağla

Turkmen: āglamak

Karluk:

desc

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yığla-), [script needed] (ığla-)

Uzbek: yigʻlamoq

Uyghur: يىغلىماق (yighlimaq)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: илау (ilaw)

Tatar: еларга (yelarga)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: cılamaq

Kumyk: йыламакъ (yılamaq)

Karachay-Balkar: жиляргъа (jilyarğa)

Karaim: jylamak, ilamah

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: jılav

Kazakh: жылау (jylau)

Nogai:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: ыйлоо (ıyloo)

Southern Altai: ыйлаар (ïylaar)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ığla-)

North Siberian:

Yakut: ыйылаа (ıyılaa, “to cry out”)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Shor: ылғарға (ïlğarğa)

Khakas: [script needed] (ıı, “cry(?)”)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (yığla-)

From Proto-Turkic *yï̄g + *-la. It could be an imitative word. As in the Turkish verb havlamak, hav is the sound made by dogs and it becomes a verb with the same suffix.

(Common Turkic, intransitive) to weep, cry


bạl

bạl (nominative singular)
bạlïg (accusative singular)
bạlnï (accusative singular)
bạlnïŋ (genitive singular)
bạlka (dative singular)
bạlta (locative singular)
bạltan (ablative singular)
bạlgaru (allative singular)
bạlïn (instrumental singular)
bạlča (equative singular)
bạllayu (singular)
bạllïgu (comitative singular)

→? Proto-Mongolic: *bal

Mongolian: бал (bal)

Oghur:

Chuvash: пыл (pyl)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: bal

Ottoman Turkish: بال (bal)

Gagauz: bal

Turkish: bal

Salar: bal

Turkmen: bal

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بال (bal)

Khorezmian Turkic: بال

Uyghur: بال (bal)

Uzbek: bol

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: bal

Karachay-Balkar: бал (bal)

Karaim: бал

Kumyk: бал (bal)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: бал (bal)

Tatar: бал (bal)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: pal

Kazakh: бал (bal)

Nogai: бал (bal)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: бал (bal)

Southern Altai: бал (bal)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: бал (bal)

Shor: пал

Original meaning must have been some sort of viscous liquid, see potential cognates *balčïk (“mud”) and *bālïk (“fish”) for more.


tolkun

tolkun (nominative singular)
tolkunlar (nominative plural)
tolkunnïŋ (genitive singular)
tolkunlarnïŋ (genitive plural)
tolkunka (dative singular)
tolkunlarka (dative plural)
tolkunda (locative singular)
tolkunlarda (locative plural)
tolkundan (ablative singular)
tolkunlardan (ablative plural)
tolkunlarïn (instrumental plural)
tolkunča (equative singular)
tolkunlarča (equative plural)

Oghuz:

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: tolkun

Karluk:

Uyghur: دولقۇن (dolqun)

Uzbek: toʻlqin

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: тулҡын (tulqın)

Tatar: дулкын (dulkın)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: tolqun

Kumyk: толкъун (tolqun)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: толқын (tolqyn)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: толкун (tolkun)

Southern Altai: толгон (tolgon), толку (tolku)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: долгун (dolgun)

From Proto-Turkic *tolku- (“to get disturbed (of water).”) + *-n. Somehow akin to Proto-Mongolic *dalxiyan (“wave”).


simki-

Oghur:

Chuvash: шӑнкар (šănk̬ar)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Ottoman Turkish: سومكرمك (sümkürmek)

Gagauz: sümkürmää

Turkish: sümkürmek

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: sümgürmek

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һемгереү (hemgerew)

West Kipchak:

Karaim: [script needed] (siŋir-)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: [script needed] (simbir-)

desc

Southern Altai: чыҥыр- (čïŋïr-), чимир- (čimir-),

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (sĭŋbĭr-)

Kazakh: сіңбіру (sıñbıru)

Nogai: [script needed] (simgir-)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: сиңмирер (siñmirer)

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (sĭŋĭr-)


-duk

Oghur:

Volga Bulgar: -رُوى (-ruwi) (<*dugı<*duk-ı), -طُوي (-tuwi) (<*tugı<*tuk-ı)

Chuvash: -тӗ (-tĕ), -рӗ (-rĕ), -тӑ (-tă), -рӑ (-ră)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (-duk)

Azerbaijani: -dıyı

Ottoman Turkish:

Gagauz:

Turkish: -dık, -dik

Turkmen: -dyk, -dik

Salar:

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (-duk)

seb- (“to love”) + *-duk → *sebdük (“loved”)

Suffix creating perfect participles from verbs


kičüg

Oghur: *kičin

Volga Bulgar: كجن (kiçin)

Chuvash: кӗҫӗн (kĕś̬ĕn)

→ Hungarian: kicsiny, kicsi

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: كچوك (kiçük), کیچی (giçi)

Azerbaijani: kiçik

Ottoman Turkish: كوچوك (küçük)

Gagauz: küçük

Turkish: küçük

Salar: kiçi

Turkmen: kiçi

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (kiçüg)

Chagatai: کچیک (kičik)

Uzbek: kichik

Uyghur: كىچىك (kichik)

Kipchak: كچك (küčüg, käčig)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: кесе (kese)

Tatar: кече (keçe)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: kiçik

Kumyk: гиччи (giççi)

Karachay-Balkar: гитче (gitçe)

Karaim: [script needed] (kičkenä)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: kishi

Kazakh: кіші (kışı)

Nogai: кичик (kiçik)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: кичүү (kicüü)

Southern Altai: кичӱ (kičü)

→ Hungarian: kis

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰚𐰃𐰲𐰏 (kičg)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (kiçig)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (kıçiğ)

North Siberian:

Yakut: куччугуй (kuccuguy)

Dolgan: [script needed] (küççügüy)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Shor: кичиг

Khakas: кічіг (kìçìg)

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *kicig (“puppy”).


bürtük

bürtük (nominative singular)
bürtüküg (accusative singular)
bürtükni (accusative singular)
bürtüknüŋ (genitive singular)
bürtükke (dative singular)
bürtükde (locative singular)
bürtükden (ablative singular)
bürtükgerü (allative singular)
bürtükün (instrumental singular)
bürtükče (equative singular)
bürtükleyü (singular)
bürtüklügü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

desctree

Volga Bulgar: برت (bürtü)
Chuvash: пӗрчӗ (pĕrč̬ĕ)
→ Eastern Mari: пырче (pyrče)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: pürtük (“powder, dust”)

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: pürtük (“tuberose, grain”) (meaning of grain is dialect in Düzce, Kastamonu, Çorum, Gaziantep, Yozgat, Kırşehir, Kayseri, Niğde)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: бөртөк (börtök)

Tatar: бөртек (börtek)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: bürtük

Kumyk: [script needed] (bürtük)

Karachay-Balkar: бюртюк (bürtük)

Karaim: бюртюк

→? Turkish: bürtük (dial. in Istanbul, 1965)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: бүртік (bürtık)

Nogai: [script needed] (bürtik)

Karakalpak: bürtik

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: бүртүк (bürtük)

Siberian:

Yakut: бурдук (burduk)


ȫküĺ

Oghur:

Volga Bulgar: اَكِل (ekil)

→ Kipchak: اُكِلْ (ökil)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: اوكش (öğüş)

Classical Azerbaijani: يوكش (yöğüş) (Nesîmî, 14th century)

Azerbaijani: yügüş

Ottoman Turkish: اوكش

Turkish: öğüş (dialect in Eskişehir, Çankırı, Elazığ)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اُكُشْ (öküş)

Khorezmian Turkic: وُكوش (üküş)

Chagatai: اوکوش (üküş)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰰𐰇𐰾 (öküş)

Old Kirghiz: 𐰇𐰛𐰇𐱀 (üküš)

Old Uyghur: ՚wykwš (üküş)

North Siberian:

Yakut: үгүс (ügüs)

Dolgan: үгүс


topra-

Common Turkic:

Karakhanid: تُبْراماقْ (topramaq)

From Proto-Turkic *topur + *-a. Compare to Evenki [script needed] (taparā-, “to become dirty”). Related to Karakhanid تُبُرْغانْ (topurğan).

cog

(transitive) to turn into dust, dry out, make dry


topur

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish:

desc

Turkish: topur (“patch, piece of earth”) (dial)

Turkmen: topur (“earth”)

Compare to Proto-Mongolic *toxusun, Mongolian тоос (toos).


yol-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫул (śul)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yolmaq

Ottoman Turkish: یولمق (yolmak)

Turkish: yolmak

Gagauz: yolmaa

Turkmen: ýolmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: یُلْماقْ (yolmaq)

Uzbek: yulmoq

Uyghur: يۇلماق (yulmaq)

Kipchak:

Kipchak–Bulgar:

Bashkir: йолҡоу (yolqow)

Tatar: [script needed] (yolqu-)

Kipchak–Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: yulqmaq

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (culk-)

Karaim: [script needed] (yulu-)

Kipchak–Nogai:

Karakalpak: julıw

Kazakh: жұлу (jūlu)

Kyrgyz–Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жулуу (juluu)

Southern Altai: јулар (ǰular)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰆𐰞- (y¹ul¹-)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yol-, yul-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (yul-)

North Siberian:

Yakut: сулуй (suluy)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: [script needed] (çul-)

Yenisei:

Shor: [script needed] (çul-)

Khakas: [script needed] (çul-)

According to the logic of Turkic per-y, Mongolic per-j, Tungusic per-ń, compared to Proto-Mongolic *jul- (“to pick, pluck; to lose hair, be plucked”) and Proto-Tungusic *ńul- (“to exuviate, fade”). See also Proto-Turkic *yạŕ-.

cog

(transitive) to tear out, pick out, pluck


tāla-

Oghur:

desc

Chuvash: тула (tula, “to harm, slander”)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: talamaq

Ottoman Turkish: طالامق (talamak)

Turkish: talamak (dialectal)

Turkmen: tālamak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (tala-)

Uzbek: talamoq

Uyghur: تالاـ (tala-)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: талау (talaw)

Tatar: [script needed] (tala-)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: таламакъ (talamaq)

Karaim: [script needed] (tala-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (tala-)

Kazakh: талау (talau)

Nogai: [script needed] (tala-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: талоо (taloo)

Southern Altai: талаар (talaar)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tala-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (tala-)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (tala-)

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *tala- (“to rob”), Manchu ᡨᠠᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ (talambi, “to confiscate; to lay out”).


tāla-

Oghur:

Chuvash: тула (tula)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: dalamaq

desc

Ottoman Turkish: طالامق (talamak, dalamak)

Turkish: dalamak

Gagauz: dalamaa

Turkmen: dālamak

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: талау (talaw)

Tatar: [script needed] (tala-)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: talamaq

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: талау (talau)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: талаар (talaar, “to abuse”)

Also reconstructed as *dāla- because there is a semantic distinction in Oghuz languages according to the beginning of the word.
Compared to Proto-Tungusic *dala- (“to lap, swill”), also Proto-Mongolic *dōlu-ğa (“to lick”).


bürge

bürge (nominative singular)
bürgeg (accusative singular)
bürgeni (accusative singular)
bürgeniŋ (genitive singular)
bürgeke (dative singular)
bürgede (locative singular)
bürgeden (ablative singular)
bürgegerü (allative singular)
bürgen (instrumental singular)
bürgeče (equative singular)
bürgeleyü (singular)
bürgeligü (comitative singular)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: birə

Ottoman Turkish: پیره (pire)

Gagauz: pirä

Turkish: pire

Salar: birge

Turkmen: büre

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (bürge)

Uzbek: burga

Uyghur: بۈرگە (bürge)

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: bürge

Kazakh: бүрге (bürge)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: бүргө (bürgö)

→ Proto-Mongolic: *bürge (“flea”)

From *bür + *-ge. Compare to Proto-Mongolic *bürge (“flea”) and even Proto-Semitic *purḡūṯ- (“flea”).


uč-

Oghur:

Chuvash: вӗҫ (vĕś)

Common Turkic: *uč-

Arghu:

Khalaj: uçmaq

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: uçmaq

Ottoman Turkish: اوچمق (uçmak)

Turkish: uçmak

Gagauz: uçmaa

East Oghuz:

Salar: uşğusı (uç-)

Turkmen: uçmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (uč-)

Khorezmian Turkic: اوچماق (uçmaq)

Uzbek: uchmoq

Uyghur: ئۇچماق (uchmaq)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: осорға (osorğa)

Tatar: очарга (oçarga)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: uçmaq

Kumyk: учмакъ (uçmaq)

Karachay-Balkar: учаргъа (uçarğa)

Karaim: [script needed] (uč-)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: учуу (ucuu)

Southern Altai: учар (učar)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (uş-)

Kazakh: ұшу (ūşu)

Nogai: ушув (uşuv)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰆𐰲 (uč-)

Sayan:

Tofa: уъһяр

Tuvan: ужар (ujar)

Yenisei:

Shor: учуғар

Shor: учуғар

Khakas: учугарға (uçugarğa)


ügüz

ügüz (nominative singular)
ügüzler (nominative plural)
ügüzniŋ (genitive singular)
ügüzlerniŋ (genitive plural)
ügüzke (dative singular)
ügüzlerke (dative plural)
ügüzde (locative singular)
ügüzlerde (locative plural)
ügüzden (ablative singular)
ügüzlerden (ablative plural)
ügüzlerin (instrumental plural)
ügüzče (equative singular)
ügüzlerče (equative plural)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰇𐰏𐰕 (ügüz/ögüz)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ügüz/ögüz)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (ügüz)

North Siberian:

>? Yakut: үрэх (üreq)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas: ӱӱс (üüs, “river”); also in river names

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (ügüz)

Uyghur: ئۆگزەن (ögzen, “small river”).

If it is related to Proto-Mongolic *üyer (“flood, freshet”) and Proto-Tungusic *ugē(r), it can be reconstructed as *ügüŕ.


sāyïn

Oghur:

Volga Bulgar: -ڛَم

Chuvash: -сем (-sem)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Turkmen: sāýyn

Karluk:

Karakhanid:

Chagatai:

Uzbek: sayin

Uyghur: [script needed] (sayın)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һайын (hayın)

Tatar: саен (sayen)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: сайын (sayın)

Karachay-Balkar: сайын (sayın)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: sayın

Kazakh: сайын (saiyn)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: сайын (sayın)

Southern Altai: сайын (sayïn)

Common Turkic: *sāyu

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰽𐰖𐰆 (sayu)

Old Uyghur: s՚yw

North Siberian:

Yakut: аайы (aayı)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas: сай (say)

The form *sāyu seen in the Siberian languages are from *sā- (“to count”) + *-yu (“gerundive suffix”) and the rest of the forms seem to be extended with *-ïn (“instrumental suffix”) from that.


agïŕ

agïŕ (nominative singular)
agïŕïg (accusative singular)
agïŕnï (accusative singular)
agïŕnïŋ (genitive singular)
agïŕka (dative singular)
agïŕta (locative singular)
agïŕtan (ablative singular)
agïŕgaru (allative singular)
agïŕïn (instrumental singular)
agïŕča (equative singular)
agïŕlayu (singular)
agïŕlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫӑвар (śăvar)

Arghu

Khalaj: âğız

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: ağız

→ Persian: آغوز (âğuz)

Ottoman Turkish:

Gagauz: aaz

Turkish: ağız

Salar: ağız

Turkmen: agyz

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اَغِزْ (ağïz)

Uzbek: ogʻiz

Uyghur: ئېغىز (ëghiz)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak

Bashkir: ауыҙ (awıź)

Tatar: авыз (awız)

South Kipchak

Karakalpak: awız

Kazakh: ауыз (auyz)

Nogai: авыз (avız)

West Kipchak

Crimean Tatar: ağız

Karachay-Balkar: аууз (auuz)

Karaim: avuz

Kumyk: авуз (awuz)

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: ооз (ooz)

Southern Altai: оос (oos)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Chulym: ағыс (aɣïs)

Khakas: аас (aas)

Northern Altai: акыс (akïs), аас (aas)

Shor: аас (aas)

Tofa: аас (aas)

Tuvan: аас (aas)

Western Yugur: aɣïs, aχïs, aχs, aχsï

North Siberian:

Dolgan: уос (uos, “lip”)

Yakut: уос (uos, “lip”)


adïg

adïg (nominative singular)
adïglar (nominative plural)
adïgnïŋ (genitive singular)
adïglarnïŋ (genitive plural)
adïgka (dative singular)
adïglarka (dative plural)
adïgda (locative singular)
adïglarda (locative plural)
adïgdan (ablative singular)
adïglardan (ablative plural)
adïglarïn (instrumental plural)
adïgča (equative singular)
adïglarča (equative plural)

Common Turkic:

Proto-Oghuz: *ayï

West Oghuz:

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (ayı)

Azerbaijani: ayı

Ottoman Turkish: آیی (ayı)

Gagauz: ayı

Turkish: ayı

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: aýy

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اَذِغْ (aδïɣ)

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (aδïɣ) [script needed] (ayïq)

Chagatai: آيق (ayıq)

Uzbek: ayiq

Uyghur: ئېيىق (ëyiq)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: ايو (ayıw)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: ayuv

Karachay-Balkar: айю (ayü) айыу (ayıu)

Karaim: ayuv

Kumyk: аюв (ayuw)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: айыу (ayıw)

Tatar: аю (ayu)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: ayıw

Kazakh: аю (aü)

Nogai: аюв (ayuv)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: аюу (ayuu)

Southern Altai: айу (ayu)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰑𐰍 (adïɣ)

Old Uyghur:

→ Salar: atıq

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: адыг (adıg)

Yeniseian Turkic:

Khakas: азығ (azığ)

Nişanyan suggests that this is a tabooistic usage of *ādïg (“sober”). A comparison is made with Proto-Mongolic *ötegen (“father; bear”), however the Mongolic word is from Proto-Mongolic *öte- (“to get old”), see also Proto-Mongolic *ötel- (“to get old”). .


iak-

Ogur:

Chuvash: юх (juh)

Arghu:

⇒ Khalaj: aqqar

Proto-Oghuz: *ak-

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: axmaq

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: akmak

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: akymak

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ағыу (ağıw)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: агуу (aguu)

Southern Altai: агар (agar)


āy-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ыйт (yjt)

Arghu:

Khalaj: hâymaq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak

Bashkir: әйтеү (əytew)

Tatar: әйтергә (äytergä)

West Kipchak

Kumyk: айтмакъ (aytmaq)

South Kipchak

Kazakh: айту (aitu)

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: айтуу (aytuu)

Southern Altai: айдар (aydar)

Siberian:

Yakut: ый (ıy, “to indicate”) → Yakut: ыйыт (ıyıt, “to ask”, causative)


büt-

Oghur:

Chuvash: пӗт (pĕt)

Arghu:

Khalaj: bitmək

Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: bitmək

Turkish: bitmek

Kipchak:

North Kipchak

Bashkir: бөтөү (bötöw)

West Kipchak

Kumyk: битмек (bitmek)

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: бүтүү (bütüü)

Siberian

Yakut: бүт (büt)

South Siberian

Khakas: пӱдерге (püderge)


ür-

Oghuz: *ǖr-

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: hürmək (“to bark”)

Ottoman Turkish: ارمك (ürmek)

Gagauz: üürümää (“to bark”)

Turkish: ürümek (“to bark”)

Salar: fürgüsi (“to bark”)

Turkmen: üýrmek (“to bark”)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: өрөү (öröw)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: үрлеу (ürleu)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: үрүү (ürüü)

Southern Altai: ӱрер (ürer)

Siberian:

Yakut: үр (ür)

Also compared to Azerbaijani üfləmək (“to blow”), Gagauz üflemää (“to blow”), Turkish and Turkmen üflemek (“to blow”); Azerbaijani üfürmək (“to blow”), Turkish üfürmek (“to blow”) from Ottoman Turkish اورمك (üvürmek). However, this can also be descended from another roots such as Proto-Oghuz *übür- and *üble- (<*üb for both). If they are related, *übür- and *ǖr- are doublets.


bāg

bāg (nominative singular)
bāgïg (accusative singular)
bāgnï (accusative singular)
bāgnïŋ (genitive singular)
bāgka (dative singular)
bāgda (locative singular)
bāgdan (ablative singular)
bāggaru (allative singular)
bāgïn (instrumental singular)
bāgča (equative singular)
bāglayu (singular)
bāglïgu (comitative singular)

Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: bağ

Turkish: bağ

Turkmen: bag

Kipchak:

North Kipchak

Bashkir: бау (baw), бәй (bəy)

South Kipchak

Kazakh: бау (bau)

Nogai: бав (bav)

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: боо (boo)

Southern Altai: буу (buu)

Siberian Turkic:

North Siberian

Yakut: баай (baay)

South Siberian

Khakas: пағ (pağ)

Shor: пағ

Northern Altai: баг (bag)


yorï-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫӳре (śüre)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yerimək, yürümək

Ottoman Turkish: یورمك

Turkish: yürümek, -yor

Turkmen: ýöremek

Karluk:

Uyghur: يۈرمەك (yürmek)

Uzbek: yurmoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak

Bashkir: йөрөү (yöröw)

South Kipchak

Kazakh: жүру (jüru)

West Kipchak

Crimean Tatar: yürmek

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: жүрүү (jürüü)

Southern Altai: јӱрер (ǰürer), јӱр- (ǰür-)

Siberian Turkic:

Old Turkic: 𐰘𐰇𐰼𐰃 (yöri-), 𐰖𐰆𐰺𐰃 (yorï-)

Old Uyghur: 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽶𐽹𐽰𐽷 (yorïmak)

North Siberian:

Yakut: сырыт (sırıt)

South Siberian:

Tuvan: чоруур (çoruur)

The form *yorï- is probably more archaic.


āg-

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: ağmaq (dial.)

Ottoman Turkish:

Gagauz: aaamaa (“to vaporize”)

Turkish: ağmak

Turkmen: āgmak

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: ауу (auu)

Proto-Turkic: *āgtar- (“to turn upside down; to plough”)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: aktarmak

Salar: aqdar

Turkmen: āgdarmak

Karluk:

Uzbek: agdarmoq (“to turn down”)

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: аудару (audaru)

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: аткарар (atkarar), аҥдарар (aŋdarar)

Proto-Turkic: *āgna- (“to wallow (animals)”)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: ağnamaq

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: ağnamak

Turkmen: āgynamak

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: аунау (aunau)

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: аҥдарар (aŋdarar), аҥданар (aŋdanar)

(intransitive) to rise up, climb over, exceed


yūt-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫӑт (śăt)

Arghu:

Khalaj: yûtmaq

Oghuz: يُوتْماقْ (yu:tma:q)

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: udmaq

Ottoman Turkish: یوتمق

Gagauz: yutkunmaa, yudum

Turkish: yutmak (dial. yud-), yudum

Salar: uğutğusı

Turkmen: ýuwutmak (ýuwud-)

Karluk:

Chagatai:

Uyghur: [script needed] (yut-)

Uzbek: yutmoq

Kipchak: يُوتْماقْ (yu:tma:q)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: йотоу (yotow)

Tatar: йоту (yotu)

Cuman-Kipchak: jout-

Crimean Tatar: yutmaq

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (ǯut-)

Karaim: [script needed] (yut-)

Kumyk: [script needed] (yut-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (žut-)

Kazakh: жұту (jūtu)

Nogai: [script needed] (yut-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жутуу (jutuu)

Southern Altai: јудар (ǰudar)


bat-

Oghur:

Chuvash: пут (put)

Common Turkic: *bat-

Arghu:

Khalaj: batmaq

Oghuz:

Proto-Oghuz: *bat-

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (batmaq)

Azerbaijani: batmaq

Ottoman Turkish: باتمق (batmak)

Gagauz: batmaa

Turkish: batmak

Salar: pat

Turkmen: batmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: باتْماق (batmaq)

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (batmaq)

Chagatai: باتماق (batmaq)

Uzbek: botmoq

Uyghur: باتماق (batmaq)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: باتماق (batmaq)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: батыу (batıw)

Tatar: батмак (batmaq)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: batmaq

Karachay-Balkar: батмакъ (batmaq)

Karaim: [script needed] (bat-)

Kumyk: батмакъ (batmaq)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: бату (batu)

Karakalpak: батыў (batıw)

Nogai: батув (batuv)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: батуу (batuu)

Southern Altai: бадар (badar)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰉𐱃 (b¹t¹ /bat/)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (bat-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (pat-)

North Siberian:

Yakut: бат (bat)

South Kipchak:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: [script needed] (bat-)

Tofa: [script needed] (bat-)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: [script needed] (pat-)

Shor: [script needed] (pat-)


kaŕ-

Arghu:

Khalaj: qazmaq

Oghuz:

Turkish: kazmak

Azerbaijani: qazmaq

Turkmen: gazmak

Karluk:

Uzbek: qozmoq

Kipchak:

South Kipchak

Karakalpak: qazıw

Kazakh: қазу (qazu)

Nogai: казув (kazuv)

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: казуу (kazuu)

Southern Altai: казар (kazar)

North Kipchak

Tatar: казу (qazu)

Bashkir: ҡазыу (qazıw)

West Kipchak

Crimean Tatar: qazmaq

Kumyk: къазмакъ (qazmaq)

Siberian:

Yakut: хас (qas)

South Siberian

Chulym: қазарға (qazarɣa)

Khakas: хазарға (xazarğa)

Northern Altai: казарга (kazarga)

Shor: қазарға (qazarɣa)

Tofa: ӄазар (qazar)

Tuvan: казар (kazar)

Western Yugur: qaz-


yum-

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: yımmaq

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yummaq

Ottoman Turkish: یوممق (yummak)

Turkish: yummak

Gagauz: yummaa

Turkmen: ýummak

Salar: yum

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yüm-)

Uzbek: yummoq

Uyghur: [script needed] (yummak)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: йомоу (yomow)

Tatar: йому (yomu)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: [script needed] (yum-)

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (jum-)

Karaim: [script needed] (yum-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: jumi'w

Kazakh: жұму (jūmu)

Nogai: [script needed] (yum-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жумуу (jumuu)

Southern Altai: јумар (ǰumar)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: сим (sim)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Western Yugur: [script needed] (yum-)

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *jimüyi (“to close (eyes, mouth)”), Proto-Tungusic *ńim- (“to close (eyes)”). See *yạŕ-.

cog

(transitive) to close, to shut (the eyes/mouth)


bïĺč-

Oghur:

Chuvash: пиҫ (piś)

Common Turkic: *biš-

Arghu:

Khalaj: bışmaq

Proto-Oghuz: *biš-

Old Anatolian Turkish: بشمك (bişmek)

Azerbaijani: bişmək

Ottoman Turkish: بشمك (bişmek), پیشمك (pişmek)

Gagauz: pişmää

Turkish: pişmek

Salar: pişgüsi

Turkmen: bişmek

Karluk: *bïš-

Karakhanid: بِشْماقْ (bışma:q)

desc

Chagatai: [script needed] (biş-, bışur-)

Uyghur: پىشماق (pishmaq)

Uzbek: pishmoq

Kipchak:

Kipchak: بشماك (bişmek)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: бешеү (beşew)

Tatar: пешерергә (peşerergä)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: pişmek

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (biš-)

Karaim: [script needed] (biš-)

Kumyk: [script needed] (biš-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

⇒ Nogai: писируьв (pisirüv)

Kazakh: пісу (pısu)

Karakalpak: [script needed] (pis-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: бышуу (bışuu)

Southern Altai: быжар (bïžar)

Siberian Turkic: *bïš-

Old Turkic: 𐰉𐰃𐱁 (bış-)

Old Kirghiz:

Khakas: пызарға (pızarğa)

Shor: [script needed] (pɨš-)

Old Uyghur:

Western Yugur: [script needed] (bɨs-)

North Siberian:

Yakut: бус (bus)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: [script needed] (bɨš-)

Tuvan: [script needed] (bɨš-)


yag-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫу (śu)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: yağmaq

Proto-Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yağmaq

Ottoman Turkish: یاغمق (yağmak)

Turkish: yağmak

Gagauz: yağmaa

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: ýagmak

Salar: yağ

Karluk:

Uyghur: ياغماق (yaghmaq)

Uzbek: yogʻmoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: яуыу (yawıw)

Tatar: яварга (yawarga)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: yağmaq

Kumyk: явмакъ (yawmaq)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: жауу (jauu)

Nogai: явув (yavuv)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жаа (jaa)

Southern Altai: јаар (ǰaar)

Siberian:

Northern Altai: тьагарга (tʹagarga)

Old Uyghur:

Western Yugur: yaɣ-

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: чаар (çaar)

Tofa: чаар (çaar)

Yenisei:

Khakas: чаарға (çaarğa)

Shor: чаарға (çaarğa)

(intransitive) to shower, fall from the sky of rain, snow, hail etc.


yap-

Kipchak:

North kipchak:

Bashkir: ябыу (yabıw)

Tatar: ябарга (yabarga)

West Kipchak

Kumyk: япмакъ (yapmaq)

South kipchak:

Kazakh: жабу (jabu)

Nogai: ябув (yabuv)

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: жабуу (jabuu)

Southern Altai: јап- (ǰap-)

Siberian:

Yakut: сап (sap)

South Siberian

Sayan

Tofa: чыъфар, чыъпар

Tofa: чыъфар, чыъпар

Tuvan: шывар (şıvar)

Yenisei

Chulym: чаварға (čavarɣa)

Khakas: чабарға (çabarğa)

Shor: чабарға (čabarɣa)

Northern Altai: тьабарга (tʹabarga), чабарга (čabarga)


īŕ

īŕ (nominative singular)
īŕig (accusative singular)
īŕni (accusative singular)
īŕniŋ (genitive singular)
īŕke (dative singular)
īŕte (locative singular)
īŕten (ablative singular)
īŕgerü (allative singular)
īŕin (instrumental singular)
īŕče (equative singular)
īŕleyü (singular)
īŕligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: йӑр (jăr)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: iz

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: iz

Gagauz: yiz

Turkmen: yz (y:z)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (iz)

Uzbek: iz

Uyghur: ئىز (iz)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: эҙ (eź)

Tatar: эз (ez)

East Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: iz

Kumyk: гьыз (hız)

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (ız)

Karaim: [script needed] (ız)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: iz

Kazakh: із (ız)

Nogai: [script needed] (iz)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: из (iz)

Southern Altai: [script needed] (is)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (iz)

Western Yugur: is

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: ис (is)

Yenisei:

Khakas:


yẹl

yẹl (nominative singular)
yẹlig (accusative singular)
yẹlni (accusative singular)
yẹlniŋ (genitive singular)
yẹlke (dative singular)
yẹlte (locative singular)
yẹlten (ablative singular)
yẹlgerü (allative singular)
yẹlin (instrumental singular)
yẹlče (equative singular)
yẹlleyü (singular)
yẹlligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫил (śil)

→ Hungarian: szél

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: yel

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yel

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: yel

Salar: yel

Turkmen: ýel

Karluk:

Karakhanid: یَلْ (yel)

Chagatai: ییل (yel)

Uyghur: يەل (yel)

Uzbek: yel

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: җил (cil), cil

Bashkir: ел (yel)

Kipchak-Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: yel, ель

Karachay-Balkar: жел (jel), джел (cel)

Karaim: йэль

Kumyk: ел (yel)

Kipchak-Nogai:

Kazakh: жел (jel)

Nogai: ел (yel)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жел (jel)

Southern Altai: јел (ǰel)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰘𐰠 (yél)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas: чил (çil)

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *salkïn (“wind”).


yār-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫур (śur)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yarmaq

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: yarmak

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: ýārmak

Kipchak:

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: жаруу (jaruu)

Southern Altai: јарар (ǰarar)

North Kipchak

Tatar: ярырга (yarırga)


bas-

Oghur:

Chuvash: пус (pus)

→ Hungarian: baszik

Common Turkic: *bas-

Arghu:

Khalaj: basmaq

Oghuz:

Proto-Oghuz: *bas-

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (basmaq)

Azerbaijani: basmaq

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: باصمق (basmak)
Turkish: basmak

Kipchak:

Kipchak: باسماق (basıw)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: баҫыу (baśıw)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: басу (basu)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: басуу (basuu)

Southern Altai: базар (bazar)

Siberian:

Yakut: баттаа (battaa)


yara-

Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: yaramaq

Ottoman Turkish: یارامق (yaramak)

Turkish: yaramak

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ярау (yaraw)

Tatar: ярарга (yararga)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: жарау (jarau)

Karluk

Uzbek: yaramoq

(intransitive) to be beneficial, useful, successful


yat-

Arghu:

Khalaj: yatmaq

Oghuz:

Turkish: yatmak

Kipchak:

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: жатуу (jatuu)

Southern Altai: јадар (ǰadar)

West Kipchak

Crimean Tatar: yatmaq

Karachay-Balkar: джатарга (catarga)

Karaim: jatmak

Kumyk: ятмакъ (yatmaq)

South Kipchak

Karakalpak: jatıw

Kazakh: жату (jatu)

Nogai: ятув (yatuv)

North Kipchak

Bashkir: ятыу (yatıw)

Tatar: яту (yatu)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: сыт (sıt)

South Siberian:

Northern Altai: чадарга (čadarga)

Yenisei:

Chulym: чадарға (čadarɣa)

Khakas: чадарға (çadarğa)

Shor: чадарға (čadarɣa)

Sayan:

Tuvan: чыдар (çıdar)

Tofa: чыътар (čï"tar)

Western Yugur: yat-, yaʰt-


ȫr-

Common Turkic:

Oghuz: *ȫr-

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: hörmək

Ottoman Turkish:

Gagauz: örmää

Turkish: örmek

Salar: fürgüsi

Turkmen: ȫrmek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اُورْماكْ (ȫrmēk)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak

Bashkir: үреү (ürew)

Tatar: үрергә (ürergä)

South Kipchak

Kazakh: өру (öru)

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: өрүү (örüü)

Southern Altai: ӧрӧр (örör)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

desc

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ör-), [script needed] (örmek, “knitted dress”)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (yör-)

→ Salar: örmek

North Siberian:

Yakut: өр (ör)

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas: ӱрерге (ürerge)


yū-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫу (śu)

Hungarian: gyónik

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: yûmaq

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yumaq

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: yumak, yuvmak, yümek (dialectal)

Salar: yü

Turkmen: ýuwmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: یُوماقْ (yumaq)

Chagatai: یومق (yumaq)

Uyghur: يۇماق (yumaq)

Uzbek: yuvmoq

Kipchak:

Kipchak–Bulgar:

Bashkir: йыуыу (yıwıw)

Tatar: юарга (yuarga), yuarğa

Kipchak–Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: yuvmaq, cuvmaq

Karachay-Balkar: жууаргъа (juuarğa)

Karaim: йув (yuv), יוב (yuv)

Kumyk: юмакъ (yumaq)

Kipchak–Nogai:

Kazakh: жуу (juu)

Nogai: ювув (yuvuv)

Kyrgyz–Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жуу (juu)

Southern Altai: јун- (ǰun-)

Siberian:

Yakut: сууй (suuy)

South Siberian

Yenisei:

Khakas: чуурға (çuurğa)

Shor: чун-

Sayan:

Tuvan: чуур (çuur)

Tofa: чу-, чун-

Northern Altai: чун- (čun-)

Western Yugur: yu, yuv-


adgïr

adgïr (nominative singular)
adgïrïg (accusative singular)
adgïrnï (accusative singular)
adgïrnïŋ (genitive singular)
adgïrka (dative singular)
adgïrta (locative singular)
adgïrtan (ablative singular)
adgïrgaru (allative singular)
adgïrïn (instrumental singular)
adgïrča (equative singular)
adgïrlayu (singular)
adgïrlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ӑйӑр (ăjăr)

→ Proto-Mongolic: *ajïrga (“stallion”)

Common Turkic: *adgïr
** Proto-Oghuz: *ayɣïr
*** West Oghuz:
**** Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (ayğır)
***** Azerbaijani: ayğır (see there for further descendants)
***** Gagauz: haygır
***** Ottoman Turkish: آیغر (ayğır) (see there for further descendants)
****** Turkish: aygır
*** East Oghuz:
**** Turkmen: aýgyr
** Karluk:
*** Karakhanid: اَذْغِرْ (aδɣïr)
**** Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (aδɣïr), [script needed] (ayɣïr)
***** Chagatai: [script needed] (ayğır)
****** Uzbek: aygʻir
****** Uyghur: ئايغىر (ayghir)
** Kipchak:
*** Kipchak: ايغر (ayğır)
**** North Kipchak:
***** Bashkir: айғыр (ayğır)
***** Tatar: айгыр (aygır)
***** Siberian Tatar: айғыр (ayğır)
**** West Kipchak:
***** Crimean Tatar: ayğır
***** Karachay-Balkar: аджир (acir), ажир (ajir)
***** Kumyk: айгъыр (ayğır) (see there for further descendants)
**** South Kipchak:
***** Kazakh: айғыр (aiğyr)
***** Karakalpak: айғыр (ayğır)
**** East Kipchak:
***** Kyrgyz: айгыр (aygır)
***** Southern Altai: айгыр (aygïr)
**** → Polish: ogier (see there for further descendants)
**** Ukrainian: огир (ohyr)
** Siberian:
*** Old Turkic: 𐰑𐰍𐰺 (adɣïr)
**** Old Uyghur: ʾʾdqyr (adɣïr)
***** Western Yugur: азғыр (azğïr)
*** North Siberian:
**** Yakut: атыыр (atıır)
*** South Siberian:
**** Sayan Turkic:
***** Tofa: асқыр
***** Tuvan: аскыр (askır)
**** Yeniseian Turkic:
***** Khakas: асхыр (asxır)
***** Shor: асқыр
***** Chulym: asqïr
***** → Arin: askɨr
***** → Assan: askir
***** → Kott: askar


büdi-

trk-cmn-conj-head

büdideči ben, büdimekči ben, büdiyeček ben

büdideči sen, büdimekči sen, büdiyeček sen

büdideči biz, büdimekči biz, büdiyeček biz

büdideči siz, büdimekči siz, büdiyeček siz

büdimek (infinitive)
büdigen (participle present)
büdigme (participle present)
büdir (participle present)
büdidük (participle past)
büdimiš (participle past)
büdideči (future participle)
büdimekči (future participle)
büdisik (future participle)
büdiyeček (future participle)
büdime (noun-from-verb)
büdig (noun-from-verb)
büdigü (noun-from-verb)
büdiš (adverbial)
büdir ben (aorist indicative singular)
büdir sen (aorist indicative singular)
büdir (aorist indicative singular)
büdir biz (aorist indicative plural)
büdir siz (aorist indicative plural)
büdir (aorist indicative plural)
büdidim (indicative past singular)
büdidiŋ (indicative past singular)
büdidi (indicative past singular)
büdidik (indicative past plural)
büdidimiz (indicative past plural)
büdidiŋiz (indicative past plural)
büdidi (indicative past plural)
büdimiš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
büdimiš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
büdimiš (indicative inferential past singular)
büdimiš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
büdimiš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
büdimiš (indicative inferential past plural)
büdideči ben (future indicative singular)
büdimekči ben (future indicative singular)
büdiyeček ben (future indicative singular)
büdideči sen (future indicative singular)
büdimekči sen (future indicative singular)
büdiyeček sen (future indicative singular)
büdideči (future indicative singular)
büdimekči (future indicative singular)
büdiyeček (future indicative singular)
büdideči biz (future indicative plural)
büdimekči biz (future indicative plural)
büdiyeček biz (future indicative plural)
büdideči siz (future indicative plural)
büdimekči siz (future indicative plural)
büdiyeček siz (future indicative plural)
büdideči (future indicative plural)
büdimekči (future indicative plural)
büdiyeček (future indicative plural)
büdigey ben (future indicative singular)
büdigey sen (future indicative singular)
büdigey (future indicative singular)
büdigey biz (future indicative plural)
büdigey siz (future indicative plural)
büdigey (future indicative plural)
büdisikim (future indicative singular)
büdisikiŋ (future indicative singular)
büdisik (future indicative singular)
büdisikimiz (future indicative plural)
büdisikiŋiz (future indicative plural)
büdisik (future indicative plural)
büdisem (conditional singular)
büdiser ben (conditional singular)
büdiseŋ (conditional singular)
büdiser sen (conditional singular)
büdise (conditional singular)
büdiser (conditional singular)
büdisek (conditional plural)
büdisemiz (conditional plural)
büdiser biz (conditional plural)
büdiseŋiz (conditional plural)
büdiser siz (conditional plural)
büdiseler (conditional plural)
büdiser (conditional plural)
büdigey ben (optative singular)
büdigey sen (optative singular)
büdigey (optative singular)
büdigey biz (optative plural)
büdigey siz (optative plural)
büdigey (optative plural)
büdimekde ben (progressive singular)
büdimekde sen (progressive singular)
büdimekde (progressive singular)
büdimekde biz (plural progressive)
büdimekde siz (plural progressive)
büdimekde (plural progressive)
büdimelig ben (necessitative singular)
büdimelig sen (necessitative singular)
büdimelig (necessitative singular)
büdimelig biz (necessitative plural)
büdimelig siz (necessitative plural)
büdimelig (necessitative plural)
büdiyeyin (imperative singular)
büdi (imperative singular)
büdigil (imperative singular)
büdizün (imperative singular)
büdiyelim (imperative plural)
büdiyiŋ (imperative plural)
büdizün (imperative plural)
büdimemek (infinitive negative)
büdimegen (negative participle present)
büdimegme (negative participle present)
büdimez (negative participle present)
büdimedük (negative participle past)
büdimemiš (negative participle past)
büdimeči (future negative participle)
büdimesik (future negative participle)
büdimeyeček (future negative participle)
büdimeme (negative noun-from-verb)
büdimeg (negative noun-from-verb)
büdimegü (negative noun-from-verb)
büdimeš (adverbial negative)
büdimez ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
büdimez sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
büdimez (aorist indicative negative singular)
büdimez biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
büdimez siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
büdimez (aorist indicative negative plural)
büdimedim (indicative negative past singular)
büdimediŋ (indicative negative past singular)
büdimedi (indicative negative past singular)
büdimedik (indicative negative past plural)
büdimedimiz (indicative negative past plural)
büdimediŋiz (indicative negative past plural)
büdimedi (indicative negative past plural)
büdimemiš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
büdimemiš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
büdimemiš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
büdimemiš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
büdimemiš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
büdimemiš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
büdimeči ben (future indicative negative singular)
büdimeyeček ben (future indicative negative singular)
büdimeči sen (future indicative negative singular)
büdimeyeček sen (future indicative negative singular)
büdimeči (future indicative negative singular)
büdimeyeček (future indicative negative singular)
büdimeči biz (future indicative negative plural)
büdimeyeček biz (future indicative negative plural)
büdimeči siz (future indicative negative plural)
büdimeyeček siz (future indicative negative plural)
büdimeči (future indicative negative plural)
büdimeyeček (future indicative negative plural)
büdimegey ben (future indicative negative singular)
büdimegey sen (future indicative negative singular)
büdimegey (future indicative negative singular)
büdimegey biz (future indicative negative plural)
büdimegey siz (future indicative negative plural)
büdimegey (future indicative negative plural)
büdimesikim (future indicative negative singular)
büdimesikiŋ (future indicative negative singular)
büdimesik (future indicative negative singular)
büdimesikimiz (future indicative negative plural)
büdimesikiŋiz (future indicative negative plural)
büdimesik (future indicative negative plural)
büdimesem (conditional negative singular)
büdimeser ben (conditional negative singular)
büdimeseŋ (conditional negative singular)
büdimeser sen (conditional negative singular)
büdimese (conditional negative singular)
büdimeser (conditional negative singular)
büdimesek (conditional negative plural)
büdimesemiz (conditional negative plural)
büdimeser biz (conditional negative plural)
büdimeseŋiz (conditional negative plural)
büdimeser siz (conditional negative plural)
büdimeseler (conditional negative plural)
büdimeser (conditional negative plural)
büdimegey ben (negative optative singular)
büdimegey sen (negative optative singular)
büdimegey (negative optative singular)
büdimegey biz (negative optative plural)
büdimegey siz (negative optative plural)
büdimegey (negative optative plural)
büdimemekde ben (negative progressive singular)
büdimemekde sen (negative progressive singular)
büdimemekde (negative progressive singular)
büdimemekde biz (negative plural progressive)
büdimemekde siz (negative plural progressive)
büdimemekde (negative plural progressive)
büdimemelig ben (necessitative negative singular)
büdimemelig sen (necessitative negative singular)
büdimemelig (necessitative negative singular)
büdimemelig biz (necessitative negative plural)
büdimemelig siz (necessitative negative plural)
büdimemelig (necessitative negative plural)
büdimeyeyin (imperative negative singular)
büdime (imperative negative singular)
büdimegil (imperative negative singular)
büdimezün (imperative negative singular)
büdimeyelim (imperative negative plural)
büdimeyiŋ (imperative negative plural)
büdimezün (imperative negative plural)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (büḏīmēk)

Kipchak:

Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (bey-)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: бейеү (beyew)

Tatar: биергә (biyergä)

Kipchak-Cuman: [script needed] (biyi-, beyi-) (Codex Cumanicus)

Kumyk: бийимек (biyimek)

South Kipchak

Kazakh: билеу (bileu)

Nogai: биюв (biyuv)

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: бийлөө (biylöö)

desc

Southern Altai: бийелеер (biyeleer), бийеер (biyeer)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: pwydy (büdi-)

North Siberian

Yakut: битий (bitiy)

→ Proto-Mongolic: *büji- (“to dance”)


yak-

yakmak (infinitive)
yakgan (participle present)
yakïgma (participle present)
yakur (participle present)
yaktuk (participle past)
yakmïš (participle past)
yaktačï (future participle)
yakmakčï (future participle)
yaksïk (future participle)
yakačak (future participle)
yakma (noun-from-verb)
yakïg (noun-from-verb)
yakgu (noun-from-verb)
yakïš (adverbial)
yakur ben (aorist indicative singular)
yakur sen (aorist indicative singular)
yakur (aorist indicative singular)
yakur biz (aorist indicative plural)
yakur siz (aorist indicative plural)
yakur (aorist indicative plural)
yaktïm (indicative past singular)
yaktïŋ (indicative past singular)
yaktï (indicative past singular)
yaktïk (indicative past plural)
yaktïmïz (indicative past plural)
yaktïŋïz (indicative past plural)
yaktï (indicative past plural)
yakmïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
yakmïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
yakmïš (indicative inferential past singular)
yakmïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
yakmïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
yakmïš (indicative inferential past plural)
yaktačï ben (future indicative singular)
yakmakčï ben (future indicative singular)
yakačak ben (future indicative singular)
yaktačï sen (future indicative singular)
yakmakčï sen (future indicative singular)
yakačak sen (future indicative singular)
yaktačï (future indicative singular)
yakmakčï (future indicative singular)
yakačak (future indicative singular)
yaktačï biz (future indicative plural)
yakmakčï biz (future indicative plural)
yakačak biz (future indicative plural)
yaktačï siz (future indicative plural)
yakmakčï siz (future indicative plural)
yakačak siz (future indicative plural)
yaktačï (future indicative plural)
yakmakčï (future indicative plural)
yakačak (future indicative plural)
yakgay ben (future indicative singular)
yakgay sen (future indicative singular)
yakgay (future indicative singular)
yakgay biz (future indicative plural)
yakgay siz (future indicative plural)
yakgay (future indicative plural)
yaksïkïm (future indicative singular)
yaksïkïŋ (future indicative singular)
yaksïk (future indicative singular)
yaksïkïmïz (future indicative plural)
yaksïkïŋïz (future indicative plural)
yaksïk (future indicative plural)
yaksam (conditional singular)
yaksar ben (conditional singular)
yaksaŋ (conditional singular)
yaksar sen (conditional singular)
yaksa (conditional singular)
yaksar (conditional singular)
yaksak (conditional plural)
yaksamïz (conditional plural)
yaksar biz (conditional plural)
yaksaŋïz (conditional plural)
yaksar siz (conditional plural)
yaksalar (conditional plural)
yaksar (conditional plural)
yakgay ben (optative singular)
yakgay sen (optative singular)
yakgay (optative singular)
yakgay biz (optative plural)
yakgay siz (optative plural)
yakgay (optative plural)
yakmakda ben (progressive singular)
yakmakda sen (progressive singular)
yakmakda (progressive singular)
yakmakda biz (plural progressive)
yakmakda siz (plural progressive)
yakmakda (plural progressive)
yakmalïg ben (necessitative singular)
yakmalïg sen (necessitative singular)
yakmalïg (necessitative singular)
yakmalïg biz (necessitative plural)
yakmalïg siz (necessitative plural)
yakmalïg (necessitative plural)
yakayïn (imperative singular)
yak (imperative singular)
yakgïl (imperative singular)
yakzun (imperative singular)
yakalïm (imperative plural)
yakïŋ (imperative plural)
yakzun (imperative plural)
yakmamak (infinitive negative)
yakmagan (negative participle present)
yakmagma (negative participle present)
yakmaz (negative participle present)
yakmaduk (negative participle past)
yakmamïš (negative participle past)
yakmačï (future negative participle)
yakmasïk (future negative participle)
yakmayačak (future negative participle)
yakmama (negative noun-from-verb)
yakmag (negative noun-from-verb)
yakmagu (negative noun-from-verb)
yakmayïš (adverbial negative)
yakmaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
yakmaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
yakmaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
yakmaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
yakmaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
yakmaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
yakmadïm (indicative negative past singular)
yakmadïŋ (indicative negative past singular)
yakmadï (indicative negative past singular)
yakmadïk (indicative negative past plural)
yakmadïmïz (indicative negative past plural)
yakmadïŋïz (indicative negative past plural)
yakmadï (indicative negative past plural)
yakmamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
yakmamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
yakmamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
yakmamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
yakmamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
yakmamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
yakmačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
yakmayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
yakmačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
yakmayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
yakmačï (future indicative negative singular)
yakmayačak (future indicative negative singular)
yakmačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
yakmayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
yakmačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
yakmayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
yakmačï (future indicative negative plural)
yakmayačak (future indicative negative plural)
yakmagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
yakmagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
yakmagay (future indicative negative singular)
yakmagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
yakmagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
yakmagay (future indicative negative plural)
yakmasïkïm (future indicative negative singular)
yakmasïkïŋ (future indicative negative singular)
yakmasïk (future indicative negative singular)
yakmasïkïmïz (future indicative negative plural)
yakmasïkïŋïz (future indicative negative plural)
yakmasïk (future indicative negative plural)
yakmasam (conditional negative singular)
yakmasar ben (conditional negative singular)
yakmasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
yakmasar sen (conditional negative singular)
yakmasa (conditional negative singular)
yakmasar (conditional negative singular)
yakmasak (conditional negative plural)
yakmasamïz (conditional negative plural)
yakmasar biz (conditional negative plural)
yakmasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
yakmasar siz (conditional negative plural)
yakmasalar (conditional negative plural)
yakmasar (conditional negative plural)
yakmagay ben (negative optative singular)
yakmagay sen (negative optative singular)
yakmagay (negative optative singular)
yakmagay biz (negative optative plural)
yakmagay siz (negative optative plural)
yakmagay (negative optative plural)
yakmamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
yakmamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
yakmamakda (negative progressive singular)
yakmamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
yakmamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
yakmamakda (negative plural progressive)
yakmamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
yakmamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
yakmamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
yakmamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
yakmamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
yakmamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
yakmayayïn (imperative negative singular)
yakma (imperative negative singular)
yakmagïl (imperative negative singular)
yakmazun (imperative negative singular)
yakmayalïm (imperative negative plural)
yakmayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
yakmazun (imperative negative plural)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yak-)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yak-)

North Siberian:

⇒ Dolgan: чугас

⇒ Yakut: чугас (cugas)

(Common Turkic, intransitive) to come near, to approach

yakïš-

to come near to each other, to pass, to fit


yak-

Oghur

Chuvash: ҫут (śut)

Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: yaxmaq

Ottoman Turkish: یاقمق

Ottoman Turkish: yakmak

Turkmen: ýakmak

Karluk

Uyghur: ياقماق (yaqmaq)

Kipchak

North Kipchak

Bashkir: яғыу (yağıw)

Tatar: ягу (yagu)


yẹŋ-

trk-cmn-conj-head

yẹŋmesüküŋüz

yẹŋmek (infinitive)
yẹŋgen (participle present)
yẹŋügme (participle present)
yẹŋür (participle present)
yẹŋdük (participle past)
yẹŋmiš (participle past)
yẹŋdeči (future participle)
yẹŋmekči (future participle)
yẹŋsik (future participle)
yẹŋeček (future participle)
yẹŋme (noun-from-verb)
yẹŋüg (noun-from-verb)
yẹŋgü (noun-from-verb)
yẹŋüš (adverbial)
yẹŋür ben (aorist indicative singular)
yẹŋür sen (aorist indicative singular)
yẹŋür (aorist indicative singular)
yẹŋür biz (aorist indicative plural)
yẹŋür siz (aorist indicative plural)
yẹŋür (aorist indicative plural)
yẹŋdüm (indicative past singular)
yẹŋdüŋ (indicative past singular)
yẹŋdi (indicative past singular)
yẹŋdük (indicative past plural)
yẹŋdümüz (indicative past plural)
yẹŋdüŋüz (indicative past plural)
yẹŋdi (indicative past plural)
yẹŋmiš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
yẹŋmiš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
yẹŋmiš (indicative inferential past singular)
yẹŋmiš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
yẹŋmiš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
yẹŋmiš (indicative inferential past plural)
yẹŋdeči ben (future indicative singular)
yẹŋmekči ben (future indicative singular)
yẹŋeček ben (future indicative singular)
yẹŋdeči sen (future indicative singular)
yẹŋmekči sen (future indicative singular)
yẹŋeček sen (future indicative singular)
yẹŋdeči (future indicative singular)
yẹŋmekči (future indicative singular)
yẹŋeček (future indicative singular)
yẹŋdeči biz (future indicative plural)
yẹŋmekči biz (future indicative plural)
yẹŋeček biz (future indicative plural)
yẹŋdeči siz (future indicative plural)
yẹŋmekči siz (future indicative plural)
yẹŋeček siz (future indicative plural)
yẹŋdeči (future indicative plural)
yẹŋmekči (future indicative plural)
yẹŋeček (future indicative plural)
yẹŋgey ben (future indicative singular)
yẹŋgey sen (future indicative singular)
yẹŋgey (future indicative singular)
yẹŋgey biz (future indicative plural)
yẹŋgey siz (future indicative plural)
yẹŋgey (future indicative plural)
yẹŋsüküm (future indicative singular)
yẹŋsüküŋ (future indicative singular)
yẹŋsük (future indicative singular)
yẹŋsükümüz (future indicative plural)
yẹŋsüküŋüz (future indicative plural)
yẹŋsük (future indicative plural)
yẹŋsem (conditional singular)
yẹŋser ben (conditional singular)
yẹŋseŋ (conditional singular)
yẹŋser sen (conditional singular)
yẹŋse (conditional singular)
yẹŋser (conditional singular)
yẹŋsek (conditional plural)
yẹŋsemiz (conditional plural)
yẹŋser biz (conditional plural)
yẹŋseŋiz (conditional plural)
yẹŋser siz (conditional plural)
yẹŋseler (conditional plural)
yẹŋser (conditional plural)
yẹŋgey ben (optative singular)
yẹŋgey sen (optative singular)
yẹŋgey (optative singular)
yẹŋgey biz (optative plural)
yẹŋgey siz (optative plural)
yẹŋgey (optative plural)
yẹŋmekde ben (progressive singular)
yẹŋmekde sen (progressive singular)
yẹŋmekde (progressive singular)
yẹŋmekde biz (plural progressive)
yẹŋmekde siz (plural progressive)
yẹŋmekde (plural progressive)
yẹŋmelig ben (necessitative singular)
yẹŋmelig sen (necessitative singular)
yẹŋmelig (necessitative singular)
yẹŋmelig biz (necessitative plural)
yẹŋmelig siz (necessitative plural)
yẹŋmelig (necessitative plural)
yẹŋeyin (imperative singular)
yẹŋ (imperative singular)
yẹŋgil (imperative singular)
yẹŋzün (imperative singular)
yẹŋelim (imperative plural)
yẹŋüŋ (imperative plural)
yẹŋzün (imperative plural)
yẹŋmemek (infinitive negative)
yẹŋmegen (negative participle present)
yẹŋmegme (negative participle present)
yẹŋmez (negative participle present)
yẹŋmedük (negative participle past)
yẹŋmemiš (negative participle past)
yẹŋmeči (future negative participle)
yẹŋmesik (future negative participle)
yẹŋmeyeček (future negative participle)
yẹŋmeme (negative noun-from-verb)
yẹŋmeg (negative noun-from-verb)
yẹŋmegü (negative noun-from-verb)
yẹŋmeyüš (adverbial negative)
yẹŋmez ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
yẹŋmez sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
yẹŋmez (aorist indicative negative singular)
yẹŋmez biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
yẹŋmez siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
yẹŋmez (aorist indicative negative plural)
yẹŋmedüm (indicative negative past singular)
yẹŋmedüŋ (indicative negative past singular)
yẹŋmedi (indicative negative past singular)
yẹŋmedük (indicative negative past plural)
yẹŋmedümüz (indicative negative past plural)
yẹŋmedüŋüz (indicative negative past plural)
yẹŋmedi (indicative negative past plural)
yẹŋmemiš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
yẹŋmemiš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
yẹŋmemiš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
yẹŋmemiš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
yẹŋmemiš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
yẹŋmemiš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
yẹŋmeči ben (future indicative negative singular)
yẹŋmeyeček ben (future indicative negative singular)
yẹŋmeči sen (future indicative negative singular)
yẹŋmeyeček sen (future indicative negative singular)
yẹŋmeči (future indicative negative singular)
yẹŋmeyeček (future indicative negative singular)
yẹŋmeči biz (future indicative negative plural)
yẹŋmeyeček biz (future indicative negative plural)
yẹŋmeči siz (future indicative negative plural)
yẹŋmeyeček siz (future indicative negative plural)
yẹŋmeči (future indicative negative plural)
yẹŋmeyeček (future indicative negative plural)
yẹŋmegey ben (future indicative negative singular)
yẹŋmegey sen (future indicative negative singular)
yẹŋmegey (future indicative negative singular)
yẹŋmegey biz (future indicative negative plural)
yẹŋmegey siz (future indicative negative plural)
yẹŋmegey (future indicative negative plural)
yẹŋmesüküm (future indicative negative singular)
yẹŋmesüküŋ (future indicative negative singular)
yẹŋmesük (future indicative negative singular)
yẹŋmesükümüz (future indicative negative plural)
yẹŋmesüküŋüz (future indicative negative plural)
yẹŋmesük (future indicative negative plural)
yẹŋmesem (conditional negative singular)
yẹŋmeser ben (conditional negative singular)
yẹŋmeseŋ (conditional negative singular)
yẹŋmeser sen (conditional negative singular)
yẹŋmese (conditional negative singular)
yẹŋmeser (conditional negative singular)
yẹŋmesek (conditional negative plural)
yẹŋmesemiz (conditional negative plural)
yẹŋmeser biz (conditional negative plural)
yẹŋmeseŋiz (conditional negative plural)
yẹŋmeser siz (conditional negative plural)
yẹŋmeseler (conditional negative plural)
yẹŋmeser (conditional negative plural)
yẹŋmegey ben (negative optative singular)
yẹŋmegey sen (negative optative singular)
yẹŋmegey (negative optative singular)
yẹŋmegey biz (negative optative plural)
yẹŋmegey siz (negative optative plural)
yẹŋmegey (negative optative plural)
yẹŋmemekde ben (negative progressive singular)
yẹŋmemekde sen (negative progressive singular)
yẹŋmemekde (negative progressive singular)
yẹŋmemekde biz (negative plural progressive)
yẹŋmemekde siz (negative plural progressive)
yẹŋmemekde (negative plural progressive)
yẹŋmemelig ben (necessitative negative singular)
yẹŋmemelig sen (necessitative negative singular)
yẹŋmemelig (necessitative negative singular)
yẹŋmemelig biz (necessitative negative plural)
yẹŋmemelig siz (necessitative negative plural)
yẹŋmemelig (necessitative negative plural)
yẹŋmeyeyin (imperative negative singular)
yẹŋme (imperative negative singular)
yẹŋmegil (imperative negative singular)
yẹŋmezün (imperative negative singular)
yẹŋmeyelim (imperative negative plural)
yẹŋmeyiŋ (imperative negative plural)
yẹŋmezün (imperative negative plural)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫӗн (śĕn)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: yəngmək

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yenmək

Ottoman Turkish: یكمك (yeñmek)

Turkish: yenmek

Gagauz: yenmää

Turkmen: ýeňmek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: يَنْكماكْ (yeŋmēk)

Khorezmian Turkic:

Chagatai:

Uzbek: yengmoq

Uyghur:

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir:

Tatar:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: yeñmek

Kumyk: енгмек (yeñmek)

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (jeñ-)

Karaim: [script needed] (yeñg-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: jengiw

Kazakh: жеңу (jeñu)

Nogai:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жеңүү (jeŋüü)

Southern Altai: јеҥер (ǰeŋer)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Shor: [script needed] (neŋ-)

Khakas: чиңерге (çiñerge)

A possible borrowing from Middle Chinese 贏 (yeng, “to win”).