adïr-

adïrtačï ben, adïrmakčï ben, adïračak ben

adïrtačï sen, adïrmakčï sen, adïračak sen

adïrtačï biz, adïrmakčï biz, adïračak biz

adïrtačï siz, adïrmakčï siz, adïračak siz

adïrmak (infinitive)
adïrgan (participle present)
adïrïgma (participle present)
adïrur (participle present)
adïrtuk (participle past)
adïrmïš (participle past)
adïrtačï (future participle)
adïrmakčï (future participle)
adïrsïk (future participle)
adïračak (future participle)
adïrma (noun-from-verb)
adïrïg (noun-from-verb)
adïrgu (noun-from-verb)
adïrïš (adverbial)
adïrur ben (aorist indicative singular)
adïrur sen (aorist indicative singular)
adïrur (aorist indicative singular)
adïrur biz (aorist indicative plural)
adïrur siz (aorist indicative plural)
adïrur (aorist indicative plural)
adïrtïm (indicative past singular)
adïrtïŋ (indicative past singular)
adïrtï (indicative past singular)
adïrtïk (indicative past plural)
adïrtïmïz (indicative past plural)
adïrtïŋïz (indicative past plural)
adïrtï (indicative past plural)
adïrmïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
adïrmïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
adïrmïš (indicative inferential past singular)
adïrmïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
adïrmïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
adïrmïš (indicative inferential past plural)
adïrtačï ben (future indicative singular)
adïrmakčï ben (future indicative singular)
adïračak ben (future indicative singular)
adïrtačï sen (future indicative singular)
adïrmakčï sen (future indicative singular)
adïračak sen (future indicative singular)
adïrtačï (future indicative singular)
adïrmakčï (future indicative singular)
adïračak (future indicative singular)
adïrtačï biz (future indicative plural)
adïrmakčï biz (future indicative plural)
adïračak biz (future indicative plural)
adïrtačï siz (future indicative plural)
adïrmakčï siz (future indicative plural)
adïračak siz (future indicative plural)
adïrtačï (future indicative plural)
adïrmakčï (future indicative plural)
adïračak (future indicative plural)
adïrgay ben (future indicative singular)
adïrgay sen (future indicative singular)
adïrgay (future indicative singular)
adïrgay biz (future indicative plural)
adïrgay siz (future indicative plural)
adïrgay (future indicative plural)
adïrsïkïm (future indicative singular)
adïrsïkïŋ (future indicative singular)
adïrsïk (future indicative singular)
adïrsïkïmïz (future indicative plural)
adïrsïkïŋïz (future indicative plural)
adïrsïk (future indicative plural)
adïrsam (conditional singular)
adïrsar ben (conditional singular)
adïrsaŋ (conditional singular)
adïrsar sen (conditional singular)
adïrsa (conditional singular)
adïrsar (conditional singular)
adïrsak (conditional plural)
adïrsamïz (conditional plural)
adïrsar biz (conditional plural)
adïrsaŋïz (conditional plural)
adïrsar siz (conditional plural)
adïrsalar (conditional plural)
adïrsar (conditional plural)
adïrgay ben (optative singular)
adïrgay sen (optative singular)
adïrgay (optative singular)
adïrgay biz (optative plural)
adïrgay siz (optative plural)
adïrgay (optative plural)
adïrmakda ben (progressive singular)
adïrmakda sen (progressive singular)
adïrmakda (progressive singular)
adïrmakda biz (plural progressive)
adïrmakda siz (plural progressive)
adïrmakda (plural progressive)
adïrmalïg ben (necessitative singular)
adïrmalïg sen (necessitative singular)
adïrmalïg (necessitative singular)
adïrmalïg biz (necessitative plural)
adïrmalïg siz (necessitative plural)
adïrmalïg (necessitative plural)
adïrayïn (imperative singular)
adïr (imperative singular)
adïrgïl (imperative singular)
adïrzun (imperative singular)
adïralïm (imperative plural)
adïrïŋ (imperative plural)
adïrzun (imperative plural)
adïrmamak (infinitive negative)
adïrmagan (negative participle present)
adïrmagma (negative participle present)
adïrmaz (negative participle present)
adïrmaduk (negative participle past)
adïrmamïš (negative participle past)
adïrmačï (future negative participle)
adïrmasïk (future negative participle)
adïrmayačak (future negative participle)
adïrmama (negative noun-from-verb)
adïrmag (negative noun-from-verb)
adïrmagu (negative noun-from-verb)
adïrmayïš (adverbial negative)
adïrmaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
adïrmaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
adïrmaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
adïrmaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
adïrmaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
adïrmaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
adïrmadïm (indicative negative past singular)
adïrmadïŋ (indicative negative past singular)
adïrmadï (indicative negative past singular)
adïrmadïk (indicative negative past plural)
adïrmadïmïz (indicative negative past plural)
adïrmadïŋïz (indicative negative past plural)
adïrmadï (indicative negative past plural)
adïrmamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
adïrmamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
adïrmamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
adïrmamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
adïrmamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
adïrmamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
adïrmačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmačï (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmayačak (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmačï (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmayačak (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmagay (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmagay (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmasïkïm (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmasïkïŋ (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmasïk (future indicative negative singular)
adïrmasïkïmïz (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmasïkïŋïz (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmasïk (future indicative negative plural)
adïrmasam (conditional negative singular)
adïrmasar ben (conditional negative singular)
adïrmasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
adïrmasar sen (conditional negative singular)
adïrmasa (conditional negative singular)
adïrmasar (conditional negative singular)
adïrmasak (conditional negative plural)
adïrmasamïz (conditional negative plural)
adïrmasar biz (conditional negative plural)
adïrmasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
adïrmasar siz (conditional negative plural)
adïrmasalar (conditional negative plural)
adïrmasar (conditional negative plural)
adïrmagay ben (negative optative singular)
adïrmagay sen (negative optative singular)
adïrmagay (negative optative singular)
adïrmagay biz (negative optative plural)
adïrmagay siz (negative optative plural)
adïrmagay (negative optative plural)
adïrmamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
adïrmamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
adïrmamakda (negative progressive singular)
adïrmamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
adïrmamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
adïrmamakda (negative plural progressive)
adïrmamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
adïrmamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
adïrmamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
adïrmamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
adïrmamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
adïrmamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
adïrmayayïn (imperative negative singular)
adïrma (imperative negative singular)
adïrmagïl (imperative negative singular)
adïrmazun (imperative negative singular)
adïrmayalïm (imperative negative plural)
adïrmayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
adïrmazun (imperative negative plural)

Oghur:

Chuvash: уйӑр (ujăr)

Common Turkic: *adïr-

Arghu:

Khalaj: hadırmaq

Proto-Oghuz: *ayïr-

West Oghuz:

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (ayırmaq)

Azerbaijani: ayırmaq

Ottoman Turkish: آيرمق (ayırmak)

Turkish: ayırmak

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: aýyrmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اَذِرْماقْ (aδïrmaq)

Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (aδïrmaq) [script needed] (ayïrmaq)

Chagatai: ايرماق (ayırmaq)

Uzbek: ayirmoq

Kipchak: ايرماق (ayırmaq)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: айырыу (ayırıw)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: айыруу (ayıruu)

Southern Altai: айрыыр (ayrïïr)

Siberian:

⇒ Old Turkic: 𐰑𐰺𐰞 (adrïl-)

North Siberian:

Yakut: атыр (atır)

South Siberian:

Yeniseian Turkic:

Khakas: азырарға (azırarğa)

→ Mongolian: ажрах (ažrax, “to distinguish, notice”)

From *ad- (“to seperate”) + *-ïr-, the root is not attested on its own.
Some like Erdal and Nişanyan suggest *ādïl- (“to sober”) and *ādïg (“sober”) are derived from the same root as well, however some reconstruct an alternative *ād- (“to sober”) root on the bases of Turkish aymak, however that verb is attested at a very late date and may be a back-formation.
Clauson suggests *üdür- (“to choose; to separate, scatter”) is a variant of this verb, however this is unlikely from a phonological standpoint.

(figuratively, transitive) to distinguish


čïk-

trk-cmn-conj-head

čïkmasïkïŋïz

čïkmak (infinitive)
čïkgan (participle present)
čïkïgma (participle present)
čïkar (participle present)
čïkduk (participle past)
čïkmïš (participle past)
čïkdačï (future participle)
čïkmakčï (future participle)
čïksïk (future participle)
čïkačak (future participle)
čïkma (noun-from-verb)
čïkïg (noun-from-verb)
čïkgu (noun-from-verb)
čïkïš (adverbial)
čïkar ben (aorist indicative singular)
čïkar sen (aorist indicative singular)
čïkar (aorist indicative singular)
čïkar biz (aorist indicative plural)
čïkar siz (aorist indicative plural)
čïkar (aorist indicative plural)
čïkdïm (indicative past singular)
čïkdïŋ (indicative past singular)
čïkdï (indicative past singular)
čïkdïk (indicative past plural)
čïkdïmïz (indicative past plural)
čïkdïŋïz (indicative past plural)
čïkdï (indicative past plural)
čïkmïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
čïkmïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
čïkmïš (indicative inferential past singular)
čïkmïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
čïkmïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
čïkmïš (indicative inferential past plural)
čïkdačï ben (future indicative singular)
čïkmakčï ben (future indicative singular)
čïkačak ben (future indicative singular)
čïkdačï sen (future indicative singular)
čïkmakčï sen (future indicative singular)
čïkačak sen (future indicative singular)
čïkdačï (future indicative singular)
čïkmakčï (future indicative singular)
čïkačak (future indicative singular)
čïkdačï biz (future indicative plural)
čïkmakčï biz (future indicative plural)
čïkačak biz (future indicative plural)
čïkdačï siz (future indicative plural)
čïkmakčï siz (future indicative plural)
čïkačak siz (future indicative plural)
čïkdačï (future indicative plural)
čïkmakčï (future indicative plural)
čïkačak (future indicative plural)
čïkgay ben (future indicative singular)
čïkgay sen (future indicative singular)
čïkgay (future indicative singular)
čïkgay biz (future indicative plural)
čïkgay siz (future indicative plural)
čïkgay (future indicative plural)
čïksïkïm (future indicative singular)
čïksïkïŋ (future indicative singular)
čïksïk (future indicative singular)
čïksïkïmïz (future indicative plural)
čïksïkïŋïz (future indicative plural)
čïksïk (future indicative plural)
čïksam (conditional singular)
čïksar ben (conditional singular)
čïksaŋ (conditional singular)
čïksar sen (conditional singular)
čïksa (conditional singular)
čïksar (conditional singular)
čïksak (conditional plural)
čïksamïz (conditional plural)
čïksar biz (conditional plural)
čïksaŋïz (conditional plural)
čïksar siz (conditional plural)
čïksalar (conditional plural)
čïksar (conditional plural)
čïkgay ben (optative singular)
čïkgay sen (optative singular)
čïkgay (optative singular)
čïkgay biz (optative plural)
čïkgay siz (optative plural)
čïkgay (optative plural)
čïkmakda ben (progressive singular)
čïkmakda sen (progressive singular)
čïkmakda (progressive singular)
čïkmakda biz (plural progressive)
čïkmakda siz (plural progressive)
čïkmakda (plural progressive)
čïkmalïg ben (necessitative singular)
čïkmalïg sen (necessitative singular)
čïkmalïg (necessitative singular)
čïkmalïg biz (necessitative plural)
čïkmalïg siz (necessitative plural)
čïkmalïg (necessitative plural)
čïkayïn (imperative singular)
čïk (imperative singular)
čïkgïl (imperative singular)
čïkzun (imperative singular)
čïkalïm (imperative plural)
čïkïŋ (imperative plural)
čïkzun (imperative plural)
čïkmamak (infinitive negative)
čïkmagan (negative participle present)
čïkmagma (negative participle present)
čïkmaz (negative participle present)
čïkmaduk (negative participle past)
čïkmamïš (negative participle past)
čïkmačï (future negative participle)
čïkmasïk (future negative participle)
čïkmayačak (future negative participle)
čïkmama (negative noun-from-verb)
čïkmag (negative noun-from-verb)
čïkmagu (negative noun-from-verb)
čïkmayïš (adverbial negative)
čïkmaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
čïkmaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
čïkmaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
čïkmaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
čïkmaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
čïkmaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
čïkmadïm (indicative negative past singular)
čïkmadïŋ (indicative negative past singular)
čïkmadï (indicative negative past singular)
čïkmadïk (indicative negative past plural)
čïkmadïmïz (indicative negative past plural)
čïkmadïŋïz (indicative negative past plural)
čïkmadï (indicative negative past plural)
čïkmamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
čïkmamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
čïkmamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
čïkmamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
čïkmamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
čïkmamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
čïkmačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
čïkmayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
čïkmačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
čïkmayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
čïkmačï (future indicative negative singular)
čïkmayačak (future indicative negative singular)
čïkmačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
čïkmayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
čïkmačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
čïkmayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
čïkmačï (future indicative negative plural)
čïkmayačak (future indicative negative plural)
čïkmagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
čïkmagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
čïkmagay (future indicative negative singular)
čïkmagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
čïkmagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
čïkmagay (future indicative negative plural)
čïkmasïkïm (future indicative negative singular)
čïkmasïkïŋ (future indicative negative singular)
čïkmasïk (future indicative negative singular)
čïkmasïkïmïz (future indicative negative plural)
čïkmasïkïŋïz (future indicative negative plural)
čïkmasïk (future indicative negative plural)
čïkmasam (conditional negative singular)
čïkmasar ben (conditional negative singular)
čïkmasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
čïkmasar sen (conditional negative singular)
čïkmasa (conditional negative singular)
čïkmasar (conditional negative singular)
čïkmasak (conditional negative plural)
čïkmasamïz (conditional negative plural)
čïkmasar biz (conditional negative plural)
čïkmasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
čïkmasar siz (conditional negative plural)
čïkmasalar (conditional negative plural)
čïkmasar (conditional negative plural)
čïkmagay ben (negative optative singular)
čïkmagay sen (negative optative singular)
čïkmagay (negative optative singular)
čïkmagay biz (negative optative plural)
čïkmagay siz (negative optative plural)
čïkmagay (negative optative plural)
čïkmamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
čïkmamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
čïkmamakda (negative progressive singular)
čïkmamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
čïkmamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
čïkmamakda (negative plural progressive)
čïkmamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
čïkmamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
čïkmamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
čïkmamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
čïkmamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
čïkmamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
čïkmayayïn (imperative negative singular)
čïkma (imperative negative singular)
čïkmagïl (imperative negative singular)
čïkmazun (imperative negative singular)
čïkmayalïm (imperative negative plural)
čïkmayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
čïkmazun (imperative negative plural)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: çıxmaq

Ottoman Turkish:

Gagauz: çıkmaa

Turkish: çıkmak

Salar: çıq

Turkmen: çykmak

Karluk:

Uyghur: چىقماق (chiqmaq)

Uzbek: chiqmoq

Kipchak:

West Kipchak

Kumyk: чыкъмакъ (çıqmaq)

South Kipchak

Kazakh: шығу (şyğu)

Nogai: шыгув (şıguv)

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: чыгуу (cıguu)

Southern Altai: чыгар (čïgar)

North Kipchak

Tatar: чыгу (çığu)

Bashkir: сығыу (sığıw)

Siberian:

Chulym: сығарға (sïɣarɣa)

Khakas: сығарға (sığarğa)

desc

Northern Altai: шыгарга (šïgarga), чыгарга (čïgarga)

Shor: шығарға (šïɣarɣa)

Shor: шығарға (šïɣarɣa)

Not attested until 11th century, due to this it has been suggested that the verb comes from a crasis of *taĺïk- (“to exit”) from *taĺ (“exterior”), compare Old Turkic 𐱃𐱁𐰶 (tašïq-, “to exit”), Old Uyghur tʾšyq (tašïq-, “to exit”) and Chuvash тух (tuh, “to leave, exit”).
Clauson, however, disagrees with this stating that it should be considered a coincidence.


sūn-

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: sunmaq

Ottoman Turkish: صونمق

Turkish: sunmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (sunmaq)

Chagatai:

Uzbek: [script needed] (sun-)

Uyghur: سۇنـ (sun-)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: sunmaq

Karaim: [script needed] (sun-)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: һоноу (honow)

Tatar: [script needed] (son-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: ұсыну (ūsynu)

Karakalpak: усыныў (usïnïw, “to offer”)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: [script needed] (sun-)

Southern Altai: [script needed] (sunar)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (sun-)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (sun-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (sun-)

North Siberian:

Yakut: уун (uun)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Tuvan: [script needed] (sun-)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: [script needed] (sun-)

Compare Proto-Mongolic *sunu- (“to stretch out”), Proto-Tungusic *sūn- (“to stretch out”).


ātag

ātag (nominative singular)
ātagïg (accusative singular)
ātagnï (accusative singular)
ātagnïŋ (genitive singular)
ātagka (dative singular)
ātagda (locative singular)
ātagdan (ablative singular)
ātaggaru (allative singular)
ātagïn (instrumental singular)
ātagča (equative singular)
ātaglayu (singular)
ātaglïgu (comitative singular)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: ada

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: آطه (ada)
Turkish: ada
→ Northern Kurdish: ada
→ Zazaki: ada
Gagauz: ada
→ Albanian: adë
→ Armenian: ատա (ata)
→ Crimean Tatar: ada
→ Ladino: adá
→ Laz: ადა (ada)
→ Macedonian: ада (ada)
→ Serbo-Croatian: ada
→ Ubykh: ада (ada)

Turkmen: āda

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: атау (ataw)

Cuman-Kipchak: atov

Kumyk: атав (ataw)

→ Chuvash: утӑ (ut̬ă)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: атау (atau)

Karakalpak: ataw


kapïrčak

kapïrčak (nominative singular)
kapïrčakïg (accusative singular)
kapïrčaknï (accusative singular)
kapïrčaknïŋ (genitive singular)
kapïrčakka (dative singular)
kapïrčakda (locative singular)
kapïrčakdan (ablative singular)
kapïrčakgaru (allative singular)
kapïrčakïn (instrumental singular)
kapïrčakča (equative singular)
kapïrčaklayu (singular)
kapïrčaklïgu (comitative singular)

Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk
az:Ağamusa Axundov
tr:Besim Atalay

Oghur:

→ Hungarian: koporsó

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

desc

qapsağ<t:garden gate><qq:dialect in Quba>

Azerbaijani: qapsağ (“garden gate”) (dialect in Quba)

Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (qapurçaq, “parfume box, chest, case”)

kapurcak<t:wooden box><qq:dialectal, Edirne, Çanakkale>

kapıncak<t:wooden box><qq:dialectal, Tekirdağ, Istanbul (European side)>

kapsa<t:basket, box><qq:dialectal, İzmir, Aydın, Manisa, Kütahya, Sivas, Giresun>

kapsa<t:garden gate><qq:dialectal, Balıkesir, Mersin, Konya, Antalya, Çanakkale>

kapsa<t:shelter; garden gate><qq:dialectal, Malatya>

Turkish: kabırcak (“coffin”) (dialectal, Uşak, Kütahya), kapurcak (“wooden box”) (dialectal, Edirne, Çanakkale), kapıncak (“wooden box”) (dialectal, Tekirdağ, Istanbul (European side)), kapsa (“basket, box”) (dialectal, İzmir, Aydın, Manisa, Kütahya, Sivas, Giresun), kapsa (“garden gate”) (dialectal, Balıkesir, Mersin, Konya, Antalya, Çanakkale), kapsa (“shelter; garden gate”) (dialectal, Malatya), kapsak (“garden gate”) (dialectal, Aydın)

Turkmen: gapyrjak (“box”), gabsa (“wooden gate”)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: قَبِرْجاقْ (qapırčāq)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡабырсаҡ (qabırsaq, “seashell”)

South Kipchak:

Kazakh: қабыршақ (qabyrşaq, “shell”)

East Kipchak:

Southern Altai: кабырчак (kabïrčak, “shell”)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur:

North Siberian:

Yakut: куорчах (kuorcaq, “dugout coffin; protective frame for the coffin”)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: [script needed] (xaarjak, “box, case; coffin”)

Yenisei:

Khakas: харачах (xaraçax, “box, case, chest”), харчах (xarçax) (perhaps from Mongolic)

From *kapïŕ (“coffin”) + *-čak (“diminutive suffix”), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kap-. Also related to Old Uyghur [script needed] (qapız, “coffin”), Chagatai [script needed] (qapuzağ, “bark of a tree”). Compare also Proto-Mongolic *kayircag, *kaxurcag (“small box, chest”), Proto-Tungusic *kapsa (“box; bag; delved boat”). The Siberian Turkic languages are reborrowed the word from its Mongolic form.


ïm

ïm (nominative singular)
ïmlar (nominative plural)
ïmnïŋ (genitive singular)
ïmlarnïŋ (genitive plural)
ïmka (dative singular)
ïmlarka (dative plural)
ïmda (locative singular)
ïmlarda (locative plural)
ïmdan (ablative singular)
ïmlardan (ablative plural)
ïmlarïn (instrumental plural)
ïmča (equative singular)
ïmlarča (equative plural)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish: ام (im)

Turkish: im

Turkmen: üm

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اِمْ (im)

Uyghur: ئىم (im)

Uzbek: im

Kipchak:

Kipchak–Bulgar:

Bashkir: ым (ım)

Tatar: ым (ım)

Kipchak–Cuman:

Kumyk: юм (yum)

Kipchak–Nogai:

Karakalpak: iʼm

Kazakh: ым (ym)

Nogai: [script needed] (ım)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: ым (ım)

Southern Altai: [script needed] (um)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: [script needed] (im)

Dolgan: [script needed] (imneek)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: [script needed] (im)

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *(h)im (“sign”), Proto-Tungusic *pim (“sign”).


topïk

topïk (nominative singular)
topïklar (nominative plural)
topïknïŋ (genitive singular)
topïklarnïŋ (genitive plural)
topïkka (dative singular)
topïklarka (dative plural)
topïkta (locative singular)
topïklarda (locative plural)
topïktan (ablative singular)
topïklardan (ablative plural)
topïklarïn (instrumental plural)
topïkča (equative singular)
topïklarča (equative plural)

→ Proto-Mongolic: *toyig

Mongolian: тойг (tojg, “kneecap”)

Buryat: тойн (tojn, “kneecap”)

Kalmyk: төң (töñ, “kneecap”)

⇒ Proto-Mongolic: *tobkai

desc

Mongolian: туухай (tuuxaj, “a face of an anklebone”)

⇒ Mongolian: туухуу (tuuxuu, “knee-covering, knee warmer”)

→ Manchu: ᡨᠣᠪᡤᡳᡟᠠ (tobgiya, “knee”)

Arghu:

Khalaj: topuq

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: topuq

Ottoman Turkish: طوپوق (topuk)

Turkish: topuk (“heel bone”)

Turkmen: topuk

Karluk:

Karakhanid: تُبِقْ (topık, “small ball, pellet; ankle bone”)

Uzbek: topiq

Uyghur: توپۇق (topuq, “kneecap; patella”)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: тубыҡ (tubıq)

Tatar: [script needed] (tubıq)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar:

Kumyk: тобукъ (tobuq)

Karachay-Balkar: тобукъ (tobuq)

Karaim: [script needed] (tobuq)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: tobiʻq

Kazakh: тобық (tobyq)

Nogai: [script needed] (tobıq)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: томук (tomuk)

Southern Altai: томук (tomuk), тобук (tobuk)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: тобук (tobuk)

Dolgan: тобук

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: довук (dovuk)

Tofa: [script needed] (to'puq)

Yenisei:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (topïq)

Khakas: томых (tomıx, “kneecap”)

Western Yugur: tōq

From *top (“round thing”) + *-ik (diminutive suffix).
The Turkic intervocalic -p- has been changed to intervocalic hiatus in borrowings of Mongolic, to make it suitable for Mongolic phonetics


sïgïrčïk

sïgïrčïk (nominative singular)
sïgïrčïkïg (accusative singular)
sïgïrčïknï (accusative singular)
sïgïrčïknïŋ (genitive singular)
sïgïrčïkka (dative singular)
sïgïrčïkda (locative singular)
sïgïrčïkdan (ablative singular)
sïgïrčïkgaru (allative singular)
sïgïrčïkïn (instrumental singular)
sïgïrčïkča (equative singular)
sïgïrčïklayu (singular)
sïgïrčïklïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: шӑнкӑрч (šănk̬ărč)

Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: sığırçın

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: صیغیرجق (sığırcık), صغرجق (sığırcık)
Turkish: sığırcık

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: сыйырсыҡ (sıyırsıq)

Tatar: сыерчык (sıyerçıq)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: sıyırcıq, sığırçıq

desc

Kumyk: сыйыртгъыч (sıyırtğıç)

Kumyk: сыйыртгъыч (sıyırtğıç)

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: чыйырчык (cıyırcık)

Southern Altai: сыгырчык (sïgïrčïk)

From *sïgïr- + *-čuk. Compare *sïgït- (“to cry, weep”).


yïpar

yïpar (nominative singular)
yïparlar (nominative plural)
yïparnïŋ (genitive singular)
yïparlarnïŋ (genitive plural)
yïparka (dative singular)
yïparlarka (dative plural)
yïparda (locative singular)
yïparlarda (locative plural)
yïpardan (ablative singular)
yïparlardan (ablative plural)
yïparlarïn (instrumental plural)
yïparča (equative singular)
yïparlarča (equative plural)

→? Proto-Mongolic: *jixar

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: yıpar (“good smell”)

Salar: yuxar

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yıpar)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: йофар (yofar)

Tatar: [script needed] (yifar)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: jupar

Kazakh: жұпар (jūpar)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жыпар (jıpar)

Southern Altai: јыбар (ǰïbar)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰘𐰯𐰺 (yïpar)

Old Uyghur: yyb’r (yïpar)

North Siberian:

Yakut: сыбар (sıbar)

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *jixar (“strong perfume, musk”).


kēpi

Oghuz:

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: كبی (gibi)

Azerbaijani: kimi

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: كبی (gibi), گبین (gibin)
Gagauz: gibi
Turkish: gibi

Turkmen: kimīn

Karluk:

Karakhanid:

Uzbek: kabi

Uyghur: كەبى (kebi)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: [script needed] (kivik/kevek)

Tatar: [script needed] (kivik/kevek)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: kibi

Kumyk: [script needed] (yimik)

desc

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (kibik)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Nogai: [script needed] (kimik)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak

Southern Altai: кеби (kebi, “shape”)


kēp

kēp (nominative singular)
kēpig (accusative singular)
kēpni (accusative singular)
kēpniŋ (genitive singular)
kēpke (dative singular)
kēpde (locative singular)
kēpden (ablative singular)
kēpgerü (allative singular)
kēpin (instrumental singular)
kēpče (equative singular)
kēpleyü (singular)
kēpligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Volga Bulgar: *kep

Chuvash: кап (kap)

Danube Bulgar: *kep

desctree

→ Old Church Slavonic: капь (kapĭ)
Serbo-Croatian: кип
Macedonian: кип (kip)
Russian: кип (kip)
Slovene: kip

→ Hungarian: kép

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Turkmen: gēp (dialect) (?)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (kep/kip)

→ Turkish: kip

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: [script needed] (kep)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: kep

Nogai: [script needed] (kep)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: [script needed] (kep)

Southern Altai: [script needed] (kep)

→ Chechen: кеп (kep)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (kep)

Western Yugur: kep

North Siberian:

Yakut: киэп (kiep)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: [script needed] (xep)

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (kep)

Shor: [script needed] (kep)

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *kexe (“ornament, form, example”). Compared also Proto-Tungusic *kepe (“jaw; gills; boards (on boat's front)”).


burčak

burčak (nominative singular)
burčakïg (accusative singular)
burčaknï (accusative singular)
burčaknïŋ (genitive singular)
burčakka (dative singular)
burčakda (locative singular)
burčakdan (ablative singular)
burčakgaru (allative singular)
burčakïn (instrumental singular)
burčakča (equative singular)
burčaklayu (singular)
burčaklïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: пăрҫа (părś̬a)

→ Eastern Mari: пурса (pursa)

→ Western Mari: пырса (pyrsa)

→ Hungarian: borsó

Common Turkic: *burčak

Proto-Oghuz: *burčak

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: بورچاق (burçak), بورجاق (burcak)
Gagauz: borçaq
Turkish: burçak
→ Middle Armenian: պուռչախ (puṙčʻax)

East Oghuz:

Turkmen: burçak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بُرْچَقْ (burčaq)

Khorezmian Turkic:

Chagatai: [script needed] (burçaq)

Uzbek: burchoq

Uyghur: پۇرچاق (purchaq)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: [script needed] (burçaq)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: борсаҡ (borsaq)

Tatar: борчак (borçaq)

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: бурчакъ (burçaq)

desc

Karaim: бурчакъ (burçaq), бурчах (burçax)

Kumyk: бурчакъ (burçaq)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: бұршақ (būrşaq)

Karakalpak: burshaq

Nogai: [script needed] (burşaq)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: буурчак (buurcak)

Southern Altai: мырчак (mïrčak)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (burçaq)

Western Yugur: pırçaq

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Shor: мырчақ (mïrčaq)

→? Proto-Mongolic: *buxurcag

→ Kyrgyz: буурчак (buurcak)

Probably a diminutive form of an unknown root; *bur + *-čak. However, compare *bür (“bud, leaf”) and its derivative *bürtük (“grain”) for a similar semantic and morphological parallel.


kȫĺek

kȫĺek (nominative singular)
kȫĺekig (accusative singular)
kȫĺekni (accusative singular)
kȫĺekniŋ (genitive singular)
kȫĺekke (dative singular)
kȫĺekde (locative singular)
kȫĺekden (ablative singular)
kȫĺekgerü (allative singular)
kȫĺekin (instrumental singular)
kȫĺekče (equative singular)
kȫĺekleyü (singular)
kȫĺekligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

→ Hungarian: kölyök

→? Mongolian: гөлөг (gölög, “puppy”)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: köşək

Ottoman Turkish: كوشك (köşek)

Turkish: köşek

Turkmen: köşek

Karluk:

Chagatai:

Uzbek: ku’shek (dialect)

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: kóshek

Compare Proto-Mongolic *gölige (“pup, young dog or cat”).


köküŕ

köküŕ (nominative singular)
köküŕüg (accusative singular)
köküŕni (accusative singular)
köküŕnüŋ (genitive singular)
köküŕke (dative singular)
köküŕte (locative singular)
köküŕten (ablative singular)
köküŕgerü (allative singular)
köküŕün (instrumental singular)
köküŕče (equative singular)
köküŕleyü (singular)
köküŕlügü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: кӑкӑр (kăk̬ăr)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: köyüs

Oghuz: *köküz, *kögüz

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: ككز (gögüz), كوكوز (gögüz), كوكز (gögüz)

Azerbaijani: köks

Ottoman Turkish: گوگس (göks, göğüs)

Turkish: göğüs

Gagauz: güüs

Turkmen: göwüs

Karluk:

Karakhanid: كُكُزْ (köküz)

Uzbek: koʻksi

Uyghur: كۆكس (köks), كۆكرەك (kökrek)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: köküs

Karaim: [script needed] (kökis)

South Kipchak:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: кӧгӱс (kögüs)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (kögüz)

Western Yugur: köküs

North Siberian:

Yakut: көҕүс (köğüs)

Dolgan: [script needed] (köksü)

South Siberian:

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: [script needed] (kögis)

Shor: [script needed] (kögüs)

Compare to Proto-Mongolic *kökö-n (“breast (female), nipple”) (<*kökö- (“to suckle”)), Proto-Tungusic *xuku-n (“breast (female)”) (<*xuku- (“to suckle”)), also Proto-Japonic *kəkərə (“heart”).


üle-

→ Serbi—Mongolic: *püle-, *pülüg

Proto-Mongolic: *hüle-

Mongolian: үлэх (ülex)

Para-Mongolic: *pulug

Khitan: 𘮧𘲀𘯟 (*p ul uh)

→? Proto-Tungusic: *pule-

Oghur:

Chuvash: валеҫ (valeś)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

desc

⇒ Azerbaijani: üləşixʼ (“The beginning of the ditch, furrow, etc. separated from the main line; small water separator”) (dialect)

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: üleşmek

Turkmen: ülemek, üleşmek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: اولاماک (ülemek), اولاشماک (üleşmek)

Uzbek: ulashmoq

Uyghur: ئۈلەشـ (ülesh-)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: өләшеү (öləşew)

Tatar: өләшергә (öläşergä)

Tatar: өләшергә (öläşergä)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: üleşmek

Kumyk: уьлешмек (üleşmek)

Karachay-Balkar: юлеширге (yuleşirge)

Karaim: ӱляш- (üleš-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: u’lesiw

Kazakh: үлесу (ülesu)

Nogai: уьлесуьв (ülesüv)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: үлөшүү (ülöşüü)

Kyrgyz: үлөшүү (ülöşüü)

Southern Altai: ӱлеер (üleer), ӱлежер (üležer)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽰 (ülemek)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (ülis-)

North Siberian:

Yakut: үллэр (üller)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: үлээр (üleer)

Yenisei:

Shor: ӱлерге (ülerge), [script needed] (üleş-)

Khakas: ӱлирге (ülirge), ӱлезерге (ülezerge)

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *hüle- (“to surplus, to leave”), Proto-Mongolic *hüle-gü (“surplus”), Proto-Tungusic *pule- (“to be left, to surplus”), Khitan 𘮧𘲀𘯟 (*p ul uh, “surplus”).


tüĺ

tüĺ (nominative singular)
tüĺüg (accusative singular)
tüĺni (accusative singular)
tüĺnüŋ (genitive singular)
tüĺke (dative singular)
tüĺte (locative singular)
tüĺten (ablative singular)
tüĺgerü (allative singular)
tüĺün (instrumental singular)
tüĺče (equative singular)
tüĺleyü (singular)
tüĺlügü (comitative singular)

→? Proto-Mongolic: *düli

Oghur:

→ Hungarian: dél

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: düş (dialect)

Turkmen: düş (dialect)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (tüş)

Uzbek: tush

Uyghur: چۈش (chüsh)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: төш (töş)

Tatar: төш (töş)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: тюш (tüş)

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (tüş)

Karaim: [script needed] (tüş)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: tuʼs

Kazakh: түс (tüs)

Nogai: [script needed] (tüs)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: түш (tüş)

Southern Altai: тӱш (tüš)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: дүъш (dǜş)

Tofa: дүш

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *düli (“middle (of the day, night)”).


ič

ič (nominative singular)
ičig (accusative singular)
ični (accusative singular)
ičniŋ (genitive singular)
ičke (dative singular)
ičde (locative singular)
ičden (ablative singular)
ičgerü (allative singular)
ičin (instrumental singular)
ičče (equative singular)
ičleyü (singular)
ičligü (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Volga Bulgar: إش (iş, “in, into”)

Chuvash: ӑш (ăš)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: iç

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: iç

Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (iç)

Gagauz: iç

Turkish: iç

Salar: iş

Turkmen: iç

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (iç)

Uyghur: ئىچ (ich)

Uzbek: ich

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: эс (es)

Tatar: еч (yeç)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: iç

Kumyk: ич (iç)

Karachay-Balkar: ич (iç)

Karaim: ич (iç)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: shi (“belly”)

Kazakh: іш (ış)

Nogai: иш (iş)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: ич (ic)

Southern Altai: ич (ič)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰃𐰲 (ič), 𐰱 (č̥ /ič/)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (iç)

desc

⇒ Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ičegü, “intestines”)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (ičeki, “belly”), ič (“inside”).

North Siberian:

Yakut: ис (is)

Dolgan: ис

South Siberian:

Sayan:

⇒ Tuvan: ижин (ijin, “belly”)

Tofa: [script needed] (i'šti, “intestines”)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: іскер (ìsker)


bïrak-

Oghur:

Chuvash: пӑрах (părah)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: buraxmaq

Ottoman Turkish: براقمق (bırakmak)

Turkish: bırakmak

Gagauz: brakmaa

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (bıraq-)

Kipchak:

Kipchak: [script needed] (bıraq-)

North Kipchak:

⇒ Bashkir: [script needed] (bıraqtır-)

West Kipchak:

Karaim: [script needed] (bırak-)

South Kipchak:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: [script needed] (bırkıra-), бырка- (bïrka-)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: бырах (bıraq)

Dolgan: [script needed] (bırak)

South Siberian:

Yenisei Turkic:

Shor: [script needed] (purqa-)


yūrt

yūrt (nominative singular)
yūrtug (accusative singular)
yūrtnï (accusative singular)
yūrtnuŋ (genitive singular)
yūrtka (dative singular)
yūrtda (locative singular)
yūrtdan (ablative singular)
yūrtgaru (allative singular)
yūrtun (instrumental singular)
yūrtča (equative singular)
yūrtlayu (singular)
yūrtlugu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫурт (śurt)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: yûrt

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (yurt)

Azerbaijani: yurd

Ottoman Turkish: یورت (yurt)

Gagauz: yurt (yurd-)

Turkish: yurt (yurd-)

Turkmen: ýūrt (yūrd-)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: یُورْتْ (yurt)

Uyghur: يۇرت (yurt)

Uzbek: yurt

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: йорт (yort)

Tatar: йорт (yort)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: yurt

Kumyk: юрт (yurt)

→ Chechen: юрт (jurt)

→ Ingush: юрт (jurt)

Karachay-Balkar: джурт (curt)

Karaim: [script needed] (yurt)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (žurt)

Kazakh: жұрт (jūrt)

Nogai: юрт (yurt)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: журт (jurt)

Southern Altai: јурт (ǰurt)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰆𐰺𐱃 (y¹ur¹t¹ /yurt/)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yurt)

Western Yugur: yurt

North Siberian:

Yakut: сурт (surt)

Dolgan: һурт (hurt)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: чурт (çurt)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: [script needed] (čurt)

Shor: [script needed] (čurt)

→ Russian: ю́рта (júrta)

→ French: yourte

→ German: Jurte

→ English: yurt

Exists in almost every Turkic language. Compared to Manchu [script needed] (noron, “dwelling place”).


tut-

Oghur:

Chuvash: тыт (tyt)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: tutmaq

Oghuz:

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (tut-)

Azerbaijani: tutmaq

Ottoman Turkish: طوتمق (tutmaq)

Turkish: tutmak

Gagauz: tutmaa

Turkmen: tutmak

Salar: tut

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (tut-)

Uyghur: تۇتماق (tutmaq)

Uzbek: tutmoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: тотоу (totow)

Tatar: [script needed] (tot-)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: tutmaq

Kumyk: тутмакъ (tutmaq)

Karachay-Balkar: тутаргъа (tutarğa)

Karaim: [script needed] (tut-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: tuti’w

Kazakh: тұту (tūtu)

Nogai: [script needed] (tut-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: тутуу (tutuu)

Southern Altai: тудар (tudar)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐱃𐰆𐱃 (t¹ut¹ /tut-/)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tut-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (tut-)

North Siberian:

Yakut: тут (tut)

Dolgan: тут

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: тудар (tudar)

Tofa: [script needed] (tu't-)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: тударға (tudarğa)

Shor: тударға

Shor: тударға


tạrï-

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (darımak, “to impose oneself on; to occur, happer; to sack”)

Azerbaijani: darımaq

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (tarımaq)

→⇒ Turkish: tarım (“agriculture”) (during the language revolution)

Chagatai: [script needed] (darımak)

Uyghur: تېرىمەك (tërimek)

→ Mongolian: тарих (tarix, “to sow, to plant, to inject”)

Compare Proto-Tungusic *tari- (“to sow, plant, cultivate”).


küre-

Oghur:

desc

⇒ Chuvash: кĕреҫе (kĕreś̬e, “spade, shovel”)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

⇒ Khalaj: kürgək

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: کُرُمَک (kürümek)

Azerbaijani: kürümək

Ottoman Turkish: كورهمك (küremek)

Turkish: küremek, kürümek

Gagauz: kürümää

⇒ Turkmen: kürek

⇒ Salar: kürek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: كُريٖماكْ (kürimek), كُرْكاكْ (kürgek)

Chagatai: کوریماک, کوراماک

Chagatai: کوریماک, کوراماک

Uzbek: kuramoq

Uyghur: كۈرەمەك (küremek, “to shovel”), كۈرەك (kürek, “shovel”)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: көрәү (körəw)

Tatar: [script needed] (köre-)

West Kipchak:

⇒ Crimean Tatar: kürek

Kumyk: кюремек (küremek)

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (küre-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: гүреў

Kazakh: күреу (küreu)

Nogai: куьрев (kürev)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: күрөө (küröö)

Southern Altai: кӱреер (küreer)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Dolgan: [script needed] (kürt-)

Yakut: күрт (kürt)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

⇒ Tuvan: [script needed] (xürüyek)

⇒ Tofa: [script needed] (xürüj̃ek)

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (küre-)

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *kura- (“to gather, collect”), Proto-Tungusic *xeru- (“to rake up; to sweep”) by EDAL.


tï̄n

tï̄n (nominative singular)
tï̄nïg (accusative singular)
tï̄nnï (accusative singular)
tï̄nnïŋ (genitive singular)
tï̄nka (dative singular)
tï̄nta (locative singular)
tï̄ntan (ablative singular)
tï̄ngaru (allative singular)
tï̄nïn (instrumental singular)
tï̄nča (equative singular)
tï̄nlayu (singular)
tï̄nlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: чӗм (čĕm)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

⇒ Khalaj: tînc

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

⇒ Azerbaijani: dinc

Ottoman Turkish:

⇒ Turkish: dinç, dinlenmek

⇒ Gagauz: dinnenmää

⇒ Turkmen: dȳnç

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (tın)

→ Turkish: tin (1934, instead of ruh through language revolution)

Uyghur: تىن (tin)

Uzbek: tin

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

desc

тыныш билдәһе

Bashkir: тын (tın), тыныш билдәһе (tınış bildəhe)

Tatar: тын (tın)

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: тыныш (tınış)

Karachay-Balkar: тын (tın)

⇒ Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (tınçı-)

→ Azerbaijani: tıncıxmaq

⇒ Karaim: [script needed] (tınc)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: ti’n

Kazakh: тыныс (tynys)

Nogai: тыныс (tınıs)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: тын (tın)

Southern Altai: тын (tïn)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tın)

North Siberian:

Yakut: тыын (tıın)

Dolgan: тыын

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: тын (tın)

Tofa: тын

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: тын (tın)

Shor: тын


čapak

čapak (nominative singular)
čapakïg (accusative singular)
čapaknï (accusative singular)
čapaknïŋ (genitive singular)
čapakka (dative singular)
čapakda (locative singular)
čapakdan (ablative singular)
čapakgaru (allative singular)
čapakïn (instrumental singular)
čapakča (equative singular)
čapaklayu (singular)
čapaklïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫупах (śup̬ah)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: çapaq

Ottoman Turkish: چاپاق

Turkish: çapak

Turkmen: çapak

Kypchak:

North Kypchak:

Tatar: чабак (çabaq)

Kypchak-Cuman:

Crimean Tatar: çabaq

→ Ukrainian: чаба́к (čabák)

Karachay-Balkar: чабакъ (çabaq)

Kyrgyz–Kipchak:

>? Kyrgyz: чабак (cabak)

Southern Altai: чабак (čabak)


yē-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫи (śi)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: yêmək

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yemək

Ottoman Turkish: یمك (yemek, yimek)

Turkish: yemek

Gagauz: imää

Turkmen: iýmek

Salar: yigüsi, yegüsi

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yemek)

Uyghur: يېمەك (yëmek)

Uzbek: yemoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ейеү (yeyew, “to eat”) (archaic), Bashkir: ем (yem, “food”)

⇒ Tatar: җим (cim)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar:

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (ye-)

Karaim: [script needed] (ye-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: jew

Kazakh: жеу (jeu)

Nogai: ев (yev)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жөө (jöö)

Southern Altai: јиир (ǰiir)

Siberian:

⇒ Old Turkic: 𐰘𐰃𐰘𐰇 (y²iy²ü, “eating”)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ye-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (yi-)

North Siberian:

Yakut: сиэ (sie)

Dolgan: һиэ (hie)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: чиир (çiir)

Tofa: чиир (çiir)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: чирге (çirge)

Shor: [script needed] (čii-)

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *je-mü- (“to be hungry”), Proto-Tungusic *ǯe-, *ǯep- (“to eat”).


sïba-

sïbmak (infinitive)
sïbgan (participle present)
sïbgma (participle present)
sïbr (participle present)
sïbduk (participle past)
sïbmïš (participle past)
sïbdačï (future participle)
sïbmakčï (future participle)
sïbsïk (future participle)
sïbyačak (future participle)
sïbma (noun-from-verb)
sïbg (noun-from-verb)
sïbgu (noun-from-verb)
sïbš (adverbial)
sïbr ben (aorist indicative singular)
sïbr sen (aorist indicative singular)
sïbr (aorist indicative singular)
sïbr biz (aorist indicative plural)
sïbr siz (aorist indicative plural)
sïbr (aorist indicative plural)
sïbdïm (indicative past singular)
sïbdïŋ (indicative past singular)
sïbdï (indicative past singular)
sïbdïk (indicative past plural)
sïbdïmïz (indicative past plural)
sïbdïŋïz (indicative past plural)
sïbdï (indicative past plural)
sïbmïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
sïbmïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
sïbmïš (indicative inferential past singular)
sïbmïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
sïbmïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
sïbmïš (indicative inferential past plural)
sïbdačï ben (future indicative singular)
sïbmakčï ben (future indicative singular)
sïbyačak ben (future indicative singular)
sïbdačï sen (future indicative singular)
sïbmakčï sen (future indicative singular)
sïbyačak sen (future indicative singular)
sïbdačï (future indicative singular)
sïbmakčï (future indicative singular)
sïbyačak (future indicative singular)
sïbdačï biz (future indicative plural)
sïbmakčï biz (future indicative plural)
sïbyačak biz (future indicative plural)
sïbdačï siz (future indicative plural)
sïbmakčï siz (future indicative plural)
sïbyačak siz (future indicative plural)
sïbdačï (future indicative plural)
sïbmakčï (future indicative plural)
sïbyačak (future indicative plural)
sïbgay ben (future indicative singular)
sïbgay sen (future indicative singular)
sïbgay (future indicative singular)
sïbgay biz (future indicative plural)
sïbgay siz (future indicative plural)
sïbgay (future indicative plural)
sïbsïkïm (future indicative singular)
sïbsïkïŋ (future indicative singular)
sïbsïk (future indicative singular)
sïbsïkïmïz (future indicative plural)
sïbsïkïŋïz (future indicative plural)
sïbsïk (future indicative plural)
sïbsam (conditional singular)
sïbsar ben (conditional singular)
sïbsaŋ (conditional singular)
sïbsar sen (conditional singular)
sïbsa (conditional singular)
sïbsar (conditional singular)
sïbsak (conditional plural)
sïbsamïz (conditional plural)
sïbsar biz (conditional plural)
sïbsaŋïz (conditional plural)
sïbsar siz (conditional plural)
sïbsalar (conditional plural)
sïbsar (conditional plural)
sïbgay ben (optative singular)
sïbgay sen (optative singular)
sïbgay (optative singular)
sïbgay biz (optative plural)
sïbgay siz (optative plural)
sïbgay (optative plural)
sïbmakda ben (progressive singular)
sïbmakda sen (progressive singular)
sïbmakda (progressive singular)
sïbmakda biz (plural progressive)
sïbmakda siz (plural progressive)
sïbmakda (plural progressive)
sïbmalïg ben (necessitative singular)
sïbmalïg sen (necessitative singular)
sïbmalïg (necessitative singular)
sïbmalïg biz (necessitative plural)
sïbmalïg siz (necessitative plural)
sïbmalïg (necessitative plural)
sïbyayïn (imperative singular)
sïb (imperative singular)
sïbgïl (imperative singular)
sïbzun (imperative singular)
sïbyalïm (imperative plural)
sïbyïŋ (imperative plural)
sïbzun (imperative plural)
sïbmamak (infinitive negative)
sïbmagan (negative participle present)
sïbmagma (negative participle present)
sïbmaz (negative participle present)
sïbmaduk (negative participle past)
sïbmamïš (negative participle past)
sïbmačï (future negative participle)
sïbmasïk (future negative participle)
sïbmayačak (future negative participle)
sïbmama (negative noun-from-verb)
sïbmag (negative noun-from-verb)
sïbmagu (negative noun-from-verb)
sïbmaš (adverbial negative)
sïbmaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
sïbmaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
sïbmaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
sïbmaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
sïbmaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
sïbmaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
sïbmadïm (indicative negative past singular)
sïbmadïŋ (indicative negative past singular)
sïbmadï (indicative negative past singular)
sïbmadïk (indicative negative past plural)
sïbmadïmïz (indicative negative past plural)
sïbmadïŋïz (indicative negative past plural)
sïbmadï (indicative negative past plural)
sïbmamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
sïbmamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
sïbmamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
sïbmamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
sïbmamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
sïbmamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
sïbmačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
sïbmayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
sïbmačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
sïbmayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
sïbmačï (future indicative negative singular)
sïbmayačak (future indicative negative singular)
sïbmačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
sïbmayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
sïbmačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
sïbmayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
sïbmačï (future indicative negative plural)
sïbmayačak (future indicative negative plural)
sïbmagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
sïbmagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
sïbmagay (future indicative negative singular)
sïbmagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
sïbmagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
sïbmagay (future indicative negative plural)
sïbmasïkïm (future indicative negative singular)
sïbmasïkïŋ (future indicative negative singular)
sïbmasïk (future indicative negative singular)
sïbmasïkïmïz (future indicative negative plural)
sïbmasïkïŋïz (future indicative negative plural)
sïbmasïk (future indicative negative plural)
sïbmasam (conditional negative singular)
sïbmasar ben (conditional negative singular)
sïbmasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
sïbmasar sen (conditional negative singular)
sïbmasa (conditional negative singular)
sïbmasar (conditional negative singular)
sïbmasak (conditional negative plural)
sïbmasamïz (conditional negative plural)
sïbmasar biz (conditional negative plural)
sïbmasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
sïbmasar siz (conditional negative plural)
sïbmasalar (conditional negative plural)
sïbmasar (conditional negative plural)
sïbmagay ben (negative optative singular)
sïbmagay sen (negative optative singular)
sïbmagay (negative optative singular)
sïbmagay biz (negative optative plural)
sïbmagay siz (negative optative plural)
sïbmagay (negative optative plural)
sïbmamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
sïbmamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
sïbmamakda (negative progressive singular)
sïbmamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
sïbmamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
sïbmamakda (negative plural progressive)
sïbmamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
sïbmamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
sïbmamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
sïbmamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
sïbmamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
sïbmamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
sïbmayayïn (imperative negative singular)
sïbma (imperative negative singular)
sïbmagïl (imperative negative singular)
sïbmazun (imperative negative singular)
sïbmayalïm (imperative negative plural)
sïbmayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
sïbmazun (imperative negative plural)

→? Proto-Mongolic: *siba-

→? Proto-Tungusic: *siba-

Arghu:

Khalaj: sıvamaq

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: suvamaq

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: sıvamak

Gagauz: suvamaa

Salar: suvağusı

Turkmen: suwamak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: سُڤَلْماقْ (suvalmāq), سُڤَشْماقْ (suvaşmāq)

Uzbek: suvamoq

Uyghur: سۇۋاماق (suwamaq)

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *siba- (“to smear (with clay))”), Proto-Tungusic *siba- (“to smear (with clay))”).

cog

(Arghu, Karluk, Oghuz, transitive) to smear


sïdïr-

trk-cmn-conj-head

sïdïrdačï, sïdïrmakčï, sïdïrsïk, sïdïračak

sïdïrdačï ben, sïdïrmakčï ben, sïdïračak ben

sïdïrdačï sen, sïdïrmakčï sen, sïdïračak sen

sïdïrdačï biz, sïdïrmakčï biz, sïdïračak biz

sïdïrdačï siz, sïdïrmakčï siz, sïdïračak siz

sïdïrsïkïŋïz

sïdïrmasak, sïdïrmasamïz, sïdïrmasar biz

sïdïrmak (infinitive)
sïdïrgan (participle present)
sïdïrïgma (participle present)
sïdïrur (participle present)
sïdïrduk (participle past)
sïdïrmïš (participle past)
sïdïrdačï (future participle)
sïdïrmakčï (future participle)
sïdïrsïk (future participle)
sïdïračak (future participle)
sïdïrma (noun-from-verb)
sïdïrïg (noun-from-verb)
sïdïrgu (noun-from-verb)
sïdïrïš (adverbial)
sïdïrur ben (aorist indicative singular)
sïdïrur sen (aorist indicative singular)
sïdïrur (aorist indicative singular)
sïdïrur biz (aorist indicative plural)
sïdïrur siz (aorist indicative plural)
sïdïrur (aorist indicative plural)
sïdïrdïm (indicative past singular)
sïdïrdïŋ (indicative past singular)
sïdïrdï (indicative past singular)
sïdïrdïk (indicative past plural)
sïdïrdïmïz (indicative past plural)
sïdïrdïŋïz (indicative past plural)
sïdïrdï (indicative past plural)
sïdïrmïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
sïdïrmïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
sïdïrmïš (indicative inferential past singular)
sïdïrmïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
sïdïrmïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
sïdïrmïš (indicative inferential past plural)
sïdïrdačï ben (future indicative singular)
sïdïrmakčï ben (future indicative singular)
sïdïračak ben (future indicative singular)
sïdïrdačï sen (future indicative singular)
sïdïrmakčï sen (future indicative singular)
sïdïračak sen (future indicative singular)
sïdïrdačï (future indicative singular)
sïdïrmakčï (future indicative singular)
sïdïračak (future indicative singular)
sïdïrdačï biz (future indicative plural)
sïdïrmakčï biz (future indicative plural)
sïdïračak biz (future indicative plural)
sïdïrdačï siz (future indicative plural)
sïdïrmakčï siz (future indicative plural)
sïdïračak siz (future indicative plural)
sïdïrdačï (future indicative plural)
sïdïrmakčï (future indicative plural)
sïdïračak (future indicative plural)
sïdïrgay ben (future indicative singular)
sïdïrgay sen (future indicative singular)
sïdïrgay (future indicative singular)
sïdïrgay biz (future indicative plural)
sïdïrgay siz (future indicative plural)
sïdïrgay (future indicative plural)
sïdïrsïkïm (future indicative singular)
sïdïrsïkïŋ (future indicative singular)
sïdïrsïk (future indicative singular)
sïdïrsïkïmïz (future indicative plural)
sïdïrsïkïŋïz (future indicative plural)
sïdïrsïk (future indicative plural)
sïdïrsam (conditional singular)
sïdïrsar ben (conditional singular)
sïdïrsaŋ (conditional singular)
sïdïrsar sen (conditional singular)
sïdïrsa (conditional singular)
sïdïrsar (conditional singular)
sïdïrsak (conditional plural)
sïdïrsamïz (conditional plural)
sïdïrsar biz (conditional plural)
sïdïrsaŋïz (conditional plural)
sïdïrsar siz (conditional plural)
sïdïrsalar (conditional plural)
sïdïrsar (conditional plural)
sïdïrgay ben (optative singular)
sïdïrgay sen (optative singular)
sïdïrgay (optative singular)
sïdïrgay biz (optative plural)
sïdïrgay siz (optative plural)
sïdïrgay (optative plural)
sïdïrmakda ben (progressive singular)
sïdïrmakda sen (progressive singular)
sïdïrmakda (progressive singular)
sïdïrmakda biz (plural progressive)
sïdïrmakda siz (plural progressive)
sïdïrmakda (plural progressive)
sïdïrmalïg ben (necessitative singular)
sïdïrmalïg sen (necessitative singular)
sïdïrmalïg (necessitative singular)
sïdïrmalïg biz (necessitative plural)
sïdïrmalïg siz (necessitative plural)
sïdïrmalïg (necessitative plural)
sïdïrayïn (imperative singular)
sïdïr (imperative singular)
sïdïrgïl (imperative singular)
sïdïrzun (imperative singular)
sïdïralïm (imperative plural)
sïdïrïŋ (imperative plural)
sïdïrzun (imperative plural)
sïdïrmamak (infinitive negative)
sïdïrmagan (negative participle present)
sïdïrmagma (negative participle present)
sïdïrmaz (negative participle present)
sïdïrmaduk (negative participle past)
sïdïrmamïš (negative participle past)
sïdïrmačï (future negative participle)
sïdïrmasïk (future negative participle)
sïdïrmayačak (future negative participle)
sïdïrmama (negative noun-from-verb)
sïdïrmag (negative noun-from-verb)
sïdïrmagu (negative noun-from-verb)
sïdïrmayïš (adverbial negative)
sïdïrmaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
sïdïrmaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
sïdïrmaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
sïdïrmaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
sïdïrmaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
sïdïrmaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
sïdïrmadïm (indicative negative past singular)
sïdïrmadïŋ (indicative negative past singular)
sïdïrmadï (indicative negative past singular)
sïdïrmadïk (indicative negative past plural)
sïdïrmadïmïz (indicative negative past plural)
sïdïrmadïŋïz (indicative negative past plural)
sïdïrmadï (indicative negative past plural)
sïdïrmamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
sïdïrmamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
sïdïrmamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
sïdïrmamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
sïdïrmamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
sïdïrmamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
sïdïrmačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
sïdïrmayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
sïdïrmačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
sïdïrmayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
sïdïrmačï (future indicative negative singular)
sïdïrmayačak (future indicative negative singular)
sïdïrmačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
sïdïrmayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
sïdïrmačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
sïdïrmayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
sïdïrmačï (future indicative negative plural)
sïdïrmayačak (future indicative negative plural)
sïdïrmagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
sïdïrmagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
sïdïrmagay (future indicative negative singular)
sïdïrmagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
sïdïrmagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
sïdïrmagay (future indicative negative plural)
sïdïrmasïkïm (future indicative negative singular)
sïdïrmasïkïŋ (future indicative negative singular)
sïdïrmasïk (future indicative negative singular)
sïdïrmasïkïmïz (future indicative negative plural)
sïdïrmasïkïŋïz (future indicative negative plural)
sïdïrmasïk (future indicative negative plural)
sïdïrmasam (conditional negative singular)
sïdïrmasar ben (conditional negative singular)
sïdïrmasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
sïdïrmasar sen (conditional negative singular)
sïdïrmasa (conditional negative singular)
sïdïrmasar (conditional negative singular)
sïdïrmasak (conditional negative plural)
sïdïrmasamïz (conditional negative plural)
sïdïrmasar biz (conditional negative plural)
sïdïrmasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
sïdïrmasar siz (conditional negative plural)
sïdïrmasalar (conditional negative plural)
sïdïrmasar (conditional negative plural)
sïdïrmagay ben (negative optative singular)
sïdïrmagay sen (negative optative singular)
sïdïrmagay (negative optative singular)
sïdïrmagay biz (negative optative plural)
sïdïrmagay siz (negative optative plural)
sïdïrmagay (negative optative plural)
sïdïrmamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
sïdïrmamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
sïdïrmamakda (negative progressive singular)
sïdïrmamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
sïdïrmamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
sïdïrmamakda (negative plural progressive)
sïdïrmamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
sïdïrmamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
sïdïrmamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
sïdïrmamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
sïdïrmamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
sïdïrmamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
sïdïrmayayïn (imperative negative singular)
sïdïrma (imperative negative singular)
sïdïrmagïl (imperative negative singular)
sïdïrmazun (imperative negative singular)
sïdïrmayalïm (imperative negative plural)
sïdïrmayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
sïdïrmazun (imperative negative plural)

Common Turkic:

→? Chuvash: шăйăр (šăjăr)

Arghu:

Khalaj: sıdırmaq

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: sıyırmaq

Ottoman Turkish: صییرمق (sıyırmaq)

Turkish: sıyırmak

Gagauz: sıyırmaa

Turkmen: sȳrmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (sıdırmaq)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: [script needed] (sıyır-) (dialect)

West Kipchak:

desc

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (sıyır-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: сиыру (siyru)

Nogai: [script needed] (sıyır-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: сыйруу (sıyruu)

Southern Altai: сыйырар (sïyïrar)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yenisei Turkic:

Western Yugur: [script needed] (sızır-)

Khakas: сызырарға (sızırarğa)

Shor: сызырарға (sızırarğa)

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *sidur- (“to rub off”), Proto-Tungusic *sidu- (“to rub off, peel off”).

cog

(Common Turkic, transitive) to rub off, peel off


yalïn

yalïn (nominative singular)
yalïnïg (accusative singular)
yalïnnï (accusative singular)
yalïnnïŋ (genitive singular)
yalïnka (dative singular)
yalïnta (locative singular)
yalïntan (ablative singular)
yalïngaru (allative singular)
yalïnïn (instrumental singular)
yalïnča (equative singular)
yalïnlayu (singular)
yalïnlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫулӑм (śulăm)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish: یالك (yalıñ)

Turkish: yalın, yalım

Gagauz: yalın

Turkmen: ýalyn

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yalın)

Uzbek: yaling (dialect)

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Kumyk: ялын (yalın)

Karaim: [script needed] (yalın)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: jali’n

Kazakh: жалын (jalyn)

Nogai: ялын (yalın)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жалын (jalın)

Southern Altai: [script needed] (yalın)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yalın)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (yalın)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: [script needed] (čalɨn)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: [script needed] (čalɨn)


yal-

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *yalïn

Common Turkic:

Karluk:

desc

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yalmaq), [script needed] (yalınmaq), [script needed] (yalturmaq, “to burn (tr.)”)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yal-)

North Siberian:

>? Yakut: сал (sal, “to fry”), салын (salın, “to fry”)

⇒ Karakhanid: [script needed] (yalčïk, “shiny moon”)

⇒ Common Turkic: [Term?] (yalt, “shiny”)

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yalt)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yalt)

⇒ Turkish: yalp yalp (“sparkling”) (dialect)

⇒ Turkish: yalkı (“beam, ray”) (dialect)

⇒ Common Turkic: *yalkï- (“to glitter”)

Oghuz:

Turkmen: ýalkym

Karluk:

Uzbek: yolqin

Uyghur: [script needed] (yalqun)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: [script needed] (yalqı-), [script needed] (yalqın)

Bashkir: [script needed] (yalqın)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: жалқын (jalqyn)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: [script needed] (d’alqın)

⇒ Common Turkic: *yaltïra-

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (yaldıramak)

Turkish: yaldıramak (dialect)

Turkmen: ýaldyramak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yaldra-)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Tatar: [script needed] (yaltıra-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: жалтырау (jaltyrau)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: [script needed] (d’altıra-)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yaltra-)

⇒ Common Turkic: *yalpïra-

Oghuz:

Turkish: yalbıramak (Dialect in Anamur, Mersin.)

Turkmen: ýalbyramak (dialect)

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: [script needed] (d’albıra-)

⇒ Oghuz: *yalabı-

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (yalabımak, “to shine”)

Azerbaijani: yalavımax (“to flash”) (dialect in Böyük Qarakilsə, Daşkəsən, Xanlar)

Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (yalabımak)

Turkish: yalabımak, yalabık (Regional for Western Turkey and Thrace.)

Gagauz: yalabık

⇒ Turkish: ýalpyldamak


tak-

Common Turkic:

Oghuz: تَقْماقْ (takmak)

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: taxmaq

Ottoman Turkish: طاقمق (takmak)

Gagauz: takmaa

Turkish: takmak

Salar: taq

Turkmen: dakmak

Karluk:

Uzbek: taqmoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: [script needed] (taq-)

Tatar: [script needed] (taq-)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: [script needed] (taq-)

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (taq-)

Karaim: [script needed] (taq-)

Kumyk: [script needed] (taq-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (taq-)

Kazakh: тағу (tağu)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: [script needed] (taq-)

Southern Altai: [script needed] (taq-)

(Oghuz Turkic, Karluk Turkic, Kipchak Turkic) to bind to, add to

Oghuz Turkic; Karluk Turkic; Kipchak Turkic; Oghuz Turkic; Karluk Turkic; Kipchak Turkic


üŕ-

Oghur:

→? Proto-Mongolic: *hürü-

→? Proto-Tungusic: *puru-

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: hüzmək

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: اوزمك (üzmek)

Azerbaijani: üzmək

→⇒? Khalaj: hüsgün

Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (üzmek)

Turkish: üzmek

Turkmen: üzmek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (üzmek)

Uzbek: uzmoq

Uyghur: [script needed] (üzmek)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: өҙөү (öźöw)

Tatar: [script needed] (ü̆z-)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: üzmek

Kumyk: уьзмек (üzmek)

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (üz-)

Karaim: [script needed] (iz-/uz-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: u’zmek

Kazakh: үзу (üzu)

Nogai: [script needed] (üz-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: үзүү (üzüü)

Southern Altai: [script needed] (üs-)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰇𐰕 (üz /üz-/)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (üz-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (yüz-)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: [script needed] (üs-)

Yenisei:

Khakas: ӱзерге (üzerge)

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *hürü- (“to rub, grate, file”) and Proto-Tungusic *puru- (“to crush”).


köp-

Oghur:

⇒ Chuvash: кăпăк (kăpăk)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: köpmək

desc

Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (köpmek)

Turkish: köpmek (dialect)

Turkmen: köpmek

Karluk:

⇒ Karakhanid: [script needed] (köpürmek)

Uzbek: kopmoq (dialect)

Uyghur: [script needed] (köpmek)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: [script needed] (küp-)

Tatar: [script needed] (küp-)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar:

Kumyk: [script needed] (göp-)

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (köp-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (köp-)

⇒ Kazakh: көбік (köbık)

Nogai: [script needed] (köp-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: көбүү (köbüü)

Southern Altai: кӧп- (köp-)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (köpük)

North Siberian:

Yakut: [script needed] (köp-)

Dolgan: [script needed] (köbüy-)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

⇒ Tuvan: [script needed] (kö'vük)

⇒ Tofa: [script needed] (kö'pük)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: [script needed] (köp-)

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *köxe- (“to swell”), also Proto-Tungusic *xopu-n (“foam”).


-čak

Oghur:

Chuvash: -ҫа (-śa)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (-čak)

Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (-čak)

Turkish: -çak, -çek, -cak, -cek

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *-čag (“diminutive suffix”).


-čük

Oghur:

Chuvash: -ҫӗ (-śĕ)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (-čik)

Ottoman Turkish: ـجك (-cik), ـجق (-cık)

Turkish: -çık, -çik, -çuk, -çük, -cık, -cik, -cuk, -cük

bāka (“frog”) + *-čük → *bākačuk (“muscle”)


böŋre-

trk-cmn-conj-head

böŋrdeči ben, böŋrmekči ben, böŋryeček ben

böŋrdeči sen, böŋrmekči sen, böŋryeček sen

böŋrdeči biz, böŋrmekči biz, böŋryeček biz

böŋrdeči siz, böŋrmekči siz, böŋryeček siz

böŋrmek (infinitive)
böŋrgen (participle present)
böŋrgme (participle present)
böŋrr (participle present)
böŋrdük (participle past)
böŋrmiš (participle past)
böŋrdeči (future participle)
böŋrmekči (future participle)
böŋrsik (future participle)
böŋryeček (future participle)
böŋrme (noun-from-verb)
böŋrg (noun-from-verb)
böŋrgü (noun-from-verb)
böŋrš (adverbial)
böŋrr ben (aorist indicative singular)
böŋrr sen (aorist indicative singular)
böŋrr (aorist indicative singular)
böŋrr biz (aorist indicative plural)
böŋrr siz (aorist indicative plural)
böŋrr (aorist indicative plural)
böŋrdüm (indicative past singular)
böŋrdüŋ (indicative past singular)
böŋrdi (indicative past singular)
böŋrdük (indicative past plural)
böŋrdümüz (indicative past plural)
böŋrdüŋüz (indicative past plural)
böŋrdi (indicative past plural)
böŋrmiš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
böŋrmiš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
böŋrmiš (indicative inferential past singular)
böŋrmiš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
böŋrmiš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
böŋrmiš (indicative inferential past plural)
böŋrdeči ben (future indicative singular)
böŋrmekči ben (future indicative singular)
böŋryeček ben (future indicative singular)
böŋrdeči sen (future indicative singular)
böŋrmekči sen (future indicative singular)
böŋryeček sen (future indicative singular)
böŋrdeči (future indicative singular)
böŋrmekči (future indicative singular)
böŋryeček (future indicative singular)
böŋrdeči biz (future indicative plural)
böŋrmekči biz (future indicative plural)
böŋryeček biz (future indicative plural)
böŋrdeči siz (future indicative plural)
böŋrmekči siz (future indicative plural)
böŋryeček siz (future indicative plural)
böŋrdeči (future indicative plural)
böŋrmekči (future indicative plural)
böŋryeček (future indicative plural)
böŋrgey ben (future indicative singular)
böŋrgey sen (future indicative singular)
böŋrgey (future indicative singular)
böŋrgey biz (future indicative plural)
böŋrgey siz (future indicative plural)
böŋrgey (future indicative plural)
böŋrsüküm (future indicative singular)
böŋrsüküŋ (future indicative singular)
böŋrsük (future indicative singular)
böŋrsükümüz (future indicative plural)
böŋrsüküŋüz (future indicative plural)
böŋrsük (future indicative plural)
böŋrsem (conditional singular)
böŋrser ben (conditional singular)
böŋrseŋ (conditional singular)
böŋrser sen (conditional singular)
böŋrse (conditional singular)
böŋrser (conditional singular)
böŋrsek (conditional plural)
böŋrsemiz (conditional plural)
böŋrser biz (conditional plural)
böŋrseŋiz (conditional plural)
böŋrser siz (conditional plural)
böŋrseler (conditional plural)
böŋrser (conditional plural)
böŋrgey ben (optative singular)
böŋrgey sen (optative singular)
böŋrgey (optative singular)
böŋrgey biz (optative plural)
böŋrgey siz (optative plural)
böŋrgey (optative plural)
böŋrmekde ben (progressive singular)
böŋrmekde sen (progressive singular)
böŋrmekde (progressive singular)
böŋrmekde biz (plural progressive)
böŋrmekde siz (plural progressive)
böŋrmekde (plural progressive)
böŋrmelig ben (necessitative singular)
böŋrmelig sen (necessitative singular)
böŋrmelig (necessitative singular)
böŋrmelig biz (necessitative plural)
böŋrmelig siz (necessitative plural)
böŋrmelig (necessitative plural)
böŋryeyin (imperative singular)
böŋr (imperative singular)
böŋrgil (imperative singular)
böŋrzün (imperative singular)
böŋryelim (imperative plural)
böŋryüŋ (imperative plural)
böŋrzün (imperative plural)
böŋrmemek (infinitive negative)
böŋrmegen (negative participle present)
böŋrmegme (negative participle present)
böŋrmez (negative participle present)
böŋrmedük (negative participle past)
böŋrmemiš (negative participle past)
böŋrmeči (future negative participle)
böŋrmesik (future negative participle)
böŋrmeyeček (future negative participle)
böŋrmeme (negative noun-from-verb)
böŋrmeg (negative noun-from-verb)
böŋrmegü (negative noun-from-verb)
böŋrmeš (adverbial negative)
böŋrmez ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
böŋrmez sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
böŋrmez (aorist indicative negative singular)
böŋrmez biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
böŋrmez siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
böŋrmez (aorist indicative negative plural)
böŋrmedüm (indicative negative past singular)
böŋrmedüŋ (indicative negative past singular)
böŋrmedi (indicative negative past singular)
böŋrmedük (indicative negative past plural)
böŋrmedümüz (indicative negative past plural)
böŋrmedüŋüz (indicative negative past plural)
böŋrmedi (indicative negative past plural)
böŋrmemiš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
böŋrmemiš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
böŋrmemiš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
böŋrmemiš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
böŋrmemiš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
böŋrmemiš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
böŋrmeči ben (future indicative negative singular)
böŋrmeyeček ben (future indicative negative singular)
böŋrmeči sen (future indicative negative singular)
böŋrmeyeček sen (future indicative negative singular)
böŋrmeči (future indicative negative singular)
böŋrmeyeček (future indicative negative singular)
böŋrmeči biz (future indicative negative plural)
böŋrmeyeček biz (future indicative negative plural)
böŋrmeči siz (future indicative negative plural)
böŋrmeyeček siz (future indicative negative plural)
böŋrmeči (future indicative negative plural)
böŋrmeyeček (future indicative negative plural)
böŋrmegey ben (future indicative negative singular)
böŋrmegey sen (future indicative negative singular)
böŋrmegey (future indicative negative singular)
böŋrmegey biz (future indicative negative plural)
böŋrmegey siz (future indicative negative plural)
böŋrmegey (future indicative negative plural)
böŋrmesüküm (future indicative negative singular)
böŋrmesüküŋ (future indicative negative singular)
böŋrmesük (future indicative negative singular)
böŋrmesükümüz (future indicative negative plural)
böŋrmesüküŋüz (future indicative negative plural)
böŋrmesük (future indicative negative plural)
böŋrmesem (conditional negative singular)
böŋrmeser ben (conditional negative singular)
böŋrmeseŋ (conditional negative singular)
böŋrmeser sen (conditional negative singular)
böŋrmese (conditional negative singular)
böŋrmeser (conditional negative singular)
böŋrmesek (conditional negative plural)
böŋrmesemiz (conditional negative plural)
böŋrmeser biz (conditional negative plural)
böŋrmeseŋiz (conditional negative plural)
böŋrmeser siz (conditional negative plural)
böŋrmeseler (conditional negative plural)
böŋrmeser (conditional negative plural)
böŋrmegey ben (negative optative singular)
böŋrmegey sen (negative optative singular)
böŋrmegey (negative optative singular)
böŋrmegey biz (negative optative plural)
böŋrmegey siz (negative optative plural)
böŋrmegey (negative optative plural)
böŋrmemekde ben (negative progressive singular)
böŋrmemekde sen (negative progressive singular)
böŋrmemekde (negative progressive singular)
böŋrmemekde biz (negative plural progressive)
böŋrmemekde siz (negative plural progressive)
böŋrmemekde (negative plural progressive)
böŋrmemelig ben (necessitative negative singular)
böŋrmemelig sen (necessitative negative singular)
böŋrmemelig (necessitative negative singular)
böŋrmemelig biz (necessitative negative plural)
böŋrmemelig siz (necessitative negative plural)
böŋrmemelig (necessitative negative plural)
böŋrmeyeyin (imperative negative singular)
böŋrme (imperative negative singular)
böŋrmegil (imperative negative singular)
böŋrmezün (imperative negative singular)
böŋrmeyelim (imperative negative plural)
böŋrmeyiŋ (imperative negative plural)
böŋrmezün (imperative negative plural)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish: بوكورمك

Turkish: böğürmek

Turkmen: möňňürmek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (müŋre-)

Uyghur: [script needed] (mörimek)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: мөңрәү (möñrəw)

Tatar: мөгрәргә (mögrärgä)

West Kipchak:

Karaim: мӧвря- (mövrä-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: moʻngrew

Kazakh: мөңіреу (möñıreu)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: мөөрөө (mööröö)

Southern Altai: мӧӧрӧ- (möörö-)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (müŋre-)

North Siberian:

Yakut: [script needed] (möŋürüö), маҥыраа (mañıraa, “to moo”)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: мөөрээр (mööreer)

Yenisei:

Khakas: мӱӱрирге (müürirge)

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *büxüre-, *büŋsi- (“to howl”), Proto-Tungusic *būni- (“to howl”)
It is seen that the middle-ŋ sounds in Turkic, sometimes turn into middle-x sounds in Mongolic: Proto-Turkic *yaŋgak (“walnut”), Proto-Mongolic *jixag (“walnut”); Proto-Turkic *keŋe- (“to advise”), Proto-Mongolic *kexe- (“to speak, say”); Proto-Turkic *sïŋïr (“double shin bone”), Proto-Mongolic *sixira- (“double bone (of animals)”) ...


-iĺč

Oghur:

Chuvash: -ӑҫ (-ăś),

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: -ış, -iş, -uş, -üş

Ottoman Turkish: ـش (-iş)

Turkish: -ış, -iş, -uş, -üş

Turkmen: -yş, -iş, -uş, -üş

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: -ыс (-ys), -іс (-ıs)

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *-ulča (cooperative suffix), *-uldu (reciprocative suffix), Mongolian -лд (-ld), -лс (-ls).
According to Talât Tekin, a cognate of Proto-Mongolic *-lča: Proto-Turkic *karïĺč- (“to mix together”), Proto-Mongolic *karilča- (“to be related or connected to each other”); Proto-Turkic *koĺïĺč- (“to add together”), Proto-Mongolic *kolilča-. (See Turkish karışmak and Azerbaijani qoşmaq) But EDAL doesn't think that *karïĺč- and *qarilča- are related. It has a different etymology in the database. The verb qolilča- mentioned by Tekin should be Mongolian холилдох (xolildox) (<*kolildu-) because the mentioned word is not found in Mongolic languages.

seb- (“to love”) + *-iĺč → *sebilč- (“to love each other”)

Suffix creating reciprocal forms of verbs.


yaŋgak

yaŋgak (nominative singular)
yaŋgakïg (accusative singular)
yaŋgaknï (accusative singular)
yaŋgaknïŋ (genitive singular)
yaŋgakka (dative singular)
yaŋgakda (locative singular)
yaŋgakdan (ablative singular)
yaŋgakgaru (allative singular)
yaŋgakïn (instrumental singular)
yaŋgakča (equative singular)
yaŋgaklayu (singular)
yaŋgaklïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

→ Old Hungarian: gyivó

Hungarian: dió

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: yağâq

Oghuz:

Turkish: yangak (dialectal, Elazığ, Sivas)

Turkmen: ýaňak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: یَغاقْ (yağak)

desc

Chagatai: یانگغاق (yaŋǧaq), یانگاق (yaŋaq)

Uzbek: yongʻoq

Uyghur: ياڭاق (ya'ngaq)

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: janggʻak

Kazakh: жаңғақ (jañğaq)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жаңгак (jaŋgak)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰍𐰴 (yağaq)

From an unknown verb Proto-Turkic *yaŋ- + *-gak.
Akin to Proto-Mongolic *jixag (“walnut”). Compared also Proto-Tungusic *ńaŋta (“cone, nut, fruit stone”), Orok [script needed] (naŋu-, “to crack nuts”).


yaŋša-

trk-cmn-conj-head

yaŋšadačï, yaŋšamakčï, yaŋšasïk, yaŋšayačak

yaŋšadačï ben, yaŋšamakčï ben, yaŋšayačak ben

yaŋšadačï sen, yaŋšamakčï sen, yaŋšayačak sen

yaŋšadačï biz, yaŋšamakčï biz, yaŋšayačak biz

yaŋšadačï siz, yaŋšamakčï siz, yaŋšayačak siz

yaŋšasïkïŋïz

yaŋšamasak, yaŋšamasamïz, yaŋšamasar biz

yaŋšamak (infinitive)
yaŋšagan (participle present)
yaŋšagma (participle present)
yaŋšar (participle present)
yaŋšaduk (participle past)
yaŋšamïš (participle past)
yaŋšadačï (future participle)
yaŋšamakčï (future participle)
yaŋšasïk (future participle)
yaŋšayačak (future participle)
yaŋšama (noun-from-verb)
yaŋšag (noun-from-verb)
yaŋšagu (noun-from-verb)
yaŋšaš (adverbial)
yaŋšar ben (aorist indicative singular)
yaŋšar sen (aorist indicative singular)
yaŋšar (aorist indicative singular)
yaŋšar biz (aorist indicative plural)
yaŋšar siz (aorist indicative plural)
yaŋšar (aorist indicative plural)
yaŋšadïm (indicative past singular)
yaŋšadïŋ (indicative past singular)
yaŋšadï (indicative past singular)
yaŋšadïk (indicative past plural)
yaŋšadïmïz (indicative past plural)
yaŋšadïŋïz (indicative past plural)
yaŋšadï (indicative past plural)
yaŋšamïš ben (indicative inferential past singular)
yaŋšamïš sen (indicative inferential past singular)
yaŋšamïš (indicative inferential past singular)
yaŋšamïš biz (indicative inferential past plural)
yaŋšamïš siz (indicative inferential past plural)
yaŋšamïš (indicative inferential past plural)
yaŋšadačï ben (future indicative singular)
yaŋšamakčï ben (future indicative singular)
yaŋšayačak ben (future indicative singular)
yaŋšadačï sen (future indicative singular)
yaŋšamakčï sen (future indicative singular)
yaŋšayačak sen (future indicative singular)
yaŋšadačï (future indicative singular)
yaŋšamakčï (future indicative singular)
yaŋšayačak (future indicative singular)
yaŋšadačï biz (future indicative plural)
yaŋšamakčï biz (future indicative plural)
yaŋšayačak biz (future indicative plural)
yaŋšadačï siz (future indicative plural)
yaŋšamakčï siz (future indicative plural)
yaŋšayačak siz (future indicative plural)
yaŋšadačï (future indicative plural)
yaŋšamakčï (future indicative plural)
yaŋšayačak (future indicative plural)
yaŋšagay ben (future indicative singular)
yaŋšagay sen (future indicative singular)
yaŋšagay (future indicative singular)
yaŋšagay biz (future indicative plural)
yaŋšagay siz (future indicative plural)
yaŋšagay (future indicative plural)
yaŋšasïkïm (future indicative singular)
yaŋšasïkïŋ (future indicative singular)
yaŋšasïk (future indicative singular)
yaŋšasïkïmïz (future indicative plural)
yaŋšasïkïŋïz (future indicative plural)
yaŋšasïk (future indicative plural)
yaŋšasam (conditional singular)
yaŋšasar ben (conditional singular)
yaŋšasaŋ (conditional singular)
yaŋšasar sen (conditional singular)
yaŋšasa (conditional singular)
yaŋšasar (conditional singular)
yaŋšasak (conditional plural)
yaŋšasamïz (conditional plural)
yaŋšasar biz (conditional plural)
yaŋšasaŋïz (conditional plural)
yaŋšasar siz (conditional plural)
yaŋšasalar (conditional plural)
yaŋšasar (conditional plural)
yaŋšagay ben (optative singular)
yaŋšagay sen (optative singular)
yaŋšagay (optative singular)
yaŋšagay biz (optative plural)
yaŋšagay siz (optative plural)
yaŋšagay (optative plural)
yaŋšamakda ben (progressive singular)
yaŋšamakda sen (progressive singular)
yaŋšamakda (progressive singular)
yaŋšamakda biz (plural progressive)
yaŋšamakda siz (plural progressive)
yaŋšamakda (plural progressive)
yaŋšamalïg ben (necessitative singular)
yaŋšamalïg sen (necessitative singular)
yaŋšamalïg (necessitative singular)
yaŋšamalïg biz (necessitative plural)
yaŋšamalïg siz (necessitative plural)
yaŋšamalïg (necessitative plural)
yaŋšayayïn (imperative singular)
yaŋša (imperative singular)
yaŋšagïl (imperative singular)
yaŋšazun (imperative singular)
yaŋšayalïm (imperative plural)
yaŋšayïŋ (imperative plural)
yaŋšazun (imperative plural)
yaŋšamamak (infinitive negative)
yaŋšamagan (negative participle present)
yaŋšamagma (negative participle present)
yaŋšamaz (negative participle present)
yaŋšamaduk (negative participle past)
yaŋšamamïš (negative participle past)
yaŋšamačï (future negative participle)
yaŋšamasïk (future negative participle)
yaŋšamayačak (future negative participle)
yaŋšamama (negative noun-from-verb)
yaŋšamag (negative noun-from-verb)
yaŋšamagu (negative noun-from-verb)
yaŋšamaš (adverbial negative)
yaŋšamaz ben (aorist indicative negative singular)
yaŋšamaz sen (aorist indicative negative singular)
yaŋšamaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
yaŋšamaz biz (aorist indicative negative plural)
yaŋšamaz siz (aorist indicative negative plural)
yaŋšamaz (aorist indicative negative plural)
yaŋšamadïm (indicative negative past singular)
yaŋšamadïŋ (indicative negative past singular)
yaŋšamadï (indicative negative past singular)
yaŋšamadïk (indicative negative past plural)
yaŋšamadïmïz (indicative negative past plural)
yaŋšamadïŋïz (indicative negative past plural)
yaŋšamadï (indicative negative past plural)
yaŋšamamïš ben (indicative inferential negative past singular)
yaŋšamamïš sen (indicative inferential negative past singular)
yaŋšamamïš (indicative inferential negative past singular)
yaŋšamamïš biz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
yaŋšamamïš siz (indicative inferential negative past plural)
yaŋšamamïš (indicative inferential negative past plural)
yaŋšamačï ben (future indicative negative singular)
yaŋšamayačak ben (future indicative negative singular)
yaŋšamačï sen (future indicative negative singular)
yaŋšamayačak sen (future indicative negative singular)
yaŋšamačï (future indicative negative singular)
yaŋšamayačak (future indicative negative singular)
yaŋšamačï biz (future indicative negative plural)
yaŋšamayačak biz (future indicative negative plural)
yaŋšamačï siz (future indicative negative plural)
yaŋšamayačak siz (future indicative negative plural)
yaŋšamačï (future indicative negative plural)
yaŋšamayačak (future indicative negative plural)
yaŋšamagay ben (future indicative negative singular)
yaŋšamagay sen (future indicative negative singular)
yaŋšamagay (future indicative negative singular)
yaŋšamagay biz (future indicative negative plural)
yaŋšamagay siz (future indicative negative plural)
yaŋšamagay (future indicative negative plural)
yaŋšamasïkïm (future indicative negative singular)
yaŋšamasïkïŋ (future indicative negative singular)
yaŋšamasïk (future indicative negative singular)
yaŋšamasïkïmïz (future indicative negative plural)
yaŋšamasïkïŋïz (future indicative negative plural)
yaŋšamasïk (future indicative negative plural)
yaŋšamasam (conditional negative singular)
yaŋšamasar ben (conditional negative singular)
yaŋšamasaŋ (conditional negative singular)
yaŋšamasar sen (conditional negative singular)
yaŋšamasa (conditional negative singular)
yaŋšamasar (conditional negative singular)
yaŋšamasak (conditional negative plural)
yaŋšamasamïz (conditional negative plural)
yaŋšamasar biz (conditional negative plural)
yaŋšamasaŋïz (conditional negative plural)
yaŋšamasar siz (conditional negative plural)
yaŋšamasalar (conditional negative plural)
yaŋšamasar (conditional negative plural)
yaŋšamagay ben (negative optative singular)
yaŋšamagay sen (negative optative singular)
yaŋšamagay (negative optative singular)
yaŋšamagay biz (negative optative plural)
yaŋšamagay siz (negative optative plural)
yaŋšamagay (negative optative plural)
yaŋšamamakda ben (negative progressive singular)
yaŋšamamakda sen (negative progressive singular)
yaŋšamamakda (negative progressive singular)
yaŋšamamakda biz (negative plural progressive)
yaŋšamamakda siz (negative plural progressive)
yaŋšamamakda (negative plural progressive)
yaŋšamamalïg ben (necessitative negative singular)
yaŋšamamalïg sen (necessitative negative singular)
yaŋšamamalïg (necessitative negative singular)
yaŋšamamalïg biz (necessitative negative plural)
yaŋšamamalïg siz (necessitative negative plural)
yaŋšamamalïg (necessitative negative plural)
yaŋšamayayïn (imperative negative singular)
yaŋšama (imperative negative singular)
yaŋšamagïl (imperative negative singular)
yaŋšamazun (imperative negative singular)
yaŋšamayalïm (imperative negative plural)
yaŋšamayïŋ (imperative negative plural)
yaŋšamazun (imperative negative plural)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yanşamaq

Ottoman Turkish: یاڭشامق (yañşamak)

Turkish: yanşamak

→ Kipchak: [script needed] (yaŋša-)

Bashkir: [script needed] (yaŋža-)

Tatar: [script needed] (yaŋža-)

Salar: yañşa

Turkmen: ýanjamak

→ Proto-Mongolic: *yaŋsi-

Mongolian: янших (janšix)

Cognate with the more common Proto-Turkic *yaŋra-, however it is morphologically obscure.


yạp-

Karakhanid:

Oghuz:

Azerbaijani: yapmaq

Salar: yaqğusı

Proto-Turkic: *yạpïĺč- (“to glue”)

Proto-Turkic: *yạpïĺčïn-

Proto-Turkic: *yạpïĺčgan

Common Turkic: *yạpïšïk

Common Turkic: *yạpïšgak

Common Turkic: *yạprïl-


tabïĺ-

Serbi—Mongolic:

→ Proto-Mongolic: *taxul-

desc

Middle Mongol: [script needed] (taɣuli-)

⇒ Proto-Mongolic: *taxulai (“hare, rabbit”)

Para-Mongolic:

→ Khitan: 匋裏 (tauli, “hare, rabbit”), 𘬦𘰎𘯺 (*? lí a)

Common Turkic:

Karluk:

Chagatai: [script needed] (tawuşmaq)

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *taxuli- (“to chase, pursue”).


saŕ(ï)-

Oghur:

desc

Chuvash: шур (šur, “to become white; white”), шурӑх (šurăh)

Common Turkic: *saz, *saz-

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: ساز

Ottoman Turkish: ساز (saz, “yellow”)

Turkmen: sāz

⇒ Turkmen: sārgylt

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: саз (saz)

⇒ Old Uyghur: [script needed] (sazğan, “pale”)

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *sarïg


baŕ

baŕ (nominative singular)
baŕïg (accusative singular)
baŕnï (accusative singular)
baŕnïŋ (genitive singular)
baŕka (dative singular)
baŕta (locative singular)
baŕtan (ablative singular)
baŕgaru (allative singular)
baŕïn (instrumental singular)
baŕča (equative singular)
baŕlayu (singular)
baŕlïgu (comitative singular)

Proto-Turkic: *barïĺč- (“to make peace”)

Common Turkic:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (baz)

Karaim: [script needed] (baz)


keŕ

keŕ (nominative singular)
keŕig (accusative singular)
keŕni (accusative singular)
keŕniŋ (genitive singular)
keŕke (dative singular)
keŕte (locative singular)
keŕten (ablative singular)
keŕgerü (allative singular)
keŕin (instrumental singular)
keŕče (equative singular)
keŕleyü (singular)
keŕligü (comitative singular)

→? Mongolian: [script needed] (kerçi-)

Oghur:

⇒ Chuvash: карт (kart)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: كز (gez)

Azerbaijani: gəz, kərtmək

Ottoman Turkish: گز (gez)

Turkish: gez, kertmek

Gagauz: keez

Turkmen: gezlik, kertmek

→ Persian: [script needed] (gâz)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (kez), [script needed] (kertmek)

Chagatai:

⇒ Uzbek: kertmoq

⇒ Uyghur: [script needed] (kertik)

Kipchak: [script needed] (käz)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: [script needed] (kiδe), [script needed] (kirtiv), [script needed] (kirt)

⇒ Tatar: [script needed] (kirtü), [script needed] (kirt)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar:

Kumyk:

Karachay-Balkar:

Karaim:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak:

Kazakh: кез (kez), керту (kertu)

Nogai:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: кертер (kerter)

⇒ Kyrgyz: [script needed] (kertik)

⇒ Southern Altai: кертик (kertik)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur:

North Siberian:

⇒ Yakut: кэрт (kert)

Dolgan:

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: кес (kes)

Tofa: [script needed] (kes)

Yenisei:

Khakas:

Shor:

Western Yugur:


-gač

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: -aç, -eç

While some have taken this suffix to be a diminutive, however Erdal disputes this saying the derived words do not have diminutive content.

Forms denominal nouns denoting plants and animals


sāŕ

sāŕ (nominative singular)
sāŕïg (accusative singular)
sāŕnï (accusative singular)
sāŕnïŋ (genitive singular)
sāŕka (dative singular)
sāŕta (locative singular)
sāŕtan (ablative singular)
sāŕgaru (allative singular)
sāŕïn (instrumental singular)
sāŕča (equative singular)
sāŕlayu (singular)
sāŕlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: шур (šur)

→ Hungarian: sár

Common Turkic:

Oghuz: (“reed”)

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: saz (“reed”)

Ottoman Turkish: صاز (saz)

Turkish: saz (“reed”), sazlık (“reed growth”)

Gagauz: saaz (“reed”)

Turkmen: sāz, sāzlyk (“reed growth”)

Karluk:

Uzbek: soz

Uyghur: ساز (saz)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: [script needed] (haδ)

Tatar: саз (saz)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: саз (saz)

Nogai: саз (saz)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: сас (sas)

Siberian:

South Siberian:

Yenisei:

Khakas: сас (sas)

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *sïraxu (“earth”).


sāŕ

Alternative reconstruction of Proto-Turkic *siaŕ (“white, yellowish white”). Doublet of Proto-Turkic *siarïg.


ïnan-

desc

→ Mongolian: үнэн (ünen, “reality, truth”)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ӗнен (ĕnen)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: inanmaq

Ottoman Turkish: اینانمق (inanmak)

Turkish: inanmak

Turkmen: ynanmak

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (ınanmaq)

Uzbek: inonmoq

Uyghur: ئىنەنمەك (inenmek)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: инаныу (inanıw)

Tatar: инанырга (inanırga)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: inanmaq

Kumyk: инанмакъ (inanmaq)

Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (iynan-)

Karaim: инанмакъ

Karaim: инанмакъ

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: нану (nanu)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: ынануу (ınanuu)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (ınan-)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ınan-)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

⇒ Tuvan: ынаныш (ınanış)

Reflexive of *ïna-, related to Ottoman Turkish [script needed] (inak, “trustful (person)”), Turkish inak (“dogma”); Ottoman Turkish [script needed] (inam, “bailee; faith”), Turkish inam (“deposit”), Azerbaijani inam (“believing, trust, faith”) and Kumyk инам (inam, “faith”). Relation with Common Turkic *ïšan-, *išen- (“to believe, trust”) is not clear.


bedük

→ Proto-Mongolic: *bedüxün

Mongolian: бүдүүн (büdüün)

Oghur:

Chuvash: пысӑк (pys̬ăk)

Common Turkic: *bedük

Arghu:

Khalaj: bidük, bidik, büdük

Proto-Oghuz: *bedük

West Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: بیوك (biyük)

Ajem-Turkic: بیوک (biyük)

Azerbaijani: بویوک, böyük

Afshari: بییک (bäyik)

Iraqi Turkmen: böyüg

Qashqai: بوییک (böyik)

desc

بویوك (büyük)

Ottoman Turkish: بیوك (biyük), (Late Ottoman) بویوك (büyük)

Turkish: büyük

Gagauz: büük

East Oghuz:

Salar: biki

Khorasani Turkish: behey

Turkmen: beýik

Karluk:

Karakhanid: بَدُكْ (bädük)

Khorezmian Turkic:

Chagatai: بویوک (büyük)

Uyghur: بۈيۈك (büyük)

Uzbek: buyuk

Kipchak:

Kipchak: بيك (büyük, bäyäk)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: бөйөк (böyök), бейек (beyek)

Tatar: биек (biyek)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: büyük, buyuk, biyk

Urum: бӱйӱк (büyük), бейӱк (beyük)

Karachay-Balkar: мийик (miyik)

Karaim: бийик (biyik)

Kumyk: бийик (biyik)

Krymchak: бӱйӱк (büyük), буйук (buyuk)

South Kipchak:

Karakalpak: бийик (biyik)

Kazakh: биік (biık)

Nogai: бийик (biyik)

Siberian Tatar: бӧйек (böyek), пӧйӧк (pöyök), пүйик (püyik), пийик (piyik)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak

Kyrgyz: бийик (biyik)

Southern Altai: бийик (biyik)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰋𐰓𐰜 (bedük)

Old Uyghur: pʾdwk (bedük)

Western Yugur: pezik

Sayan:

Dukhan: петәк (petäk)

Tuvan: бедик (bedik)

Tofa: бедік (bedik)

Yenisei:

Chulym: пӱйӧк (püyök), пӱзӧк (püzök)

Khakas: пӧзік

Shor: мӧзӱк (mözük), пийик (piyik)


-p-

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: -p-, -s-, -m-, -pa-, -pe-

Karluk:

Uyghur: ـپـ (-p-)


yaŋïdan

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫӗнӗрен (śĕnĕren)

Common Turkic: *yaŋïdan, *yeŋiden

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yenidən

Ottoman Turkish:

Gagauz:

Turkish: yeniden

Salar:

Karluk:

Uzbek: yangidan

Uyghur:

Kipchak:

West-Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar:

Kumyk: янгыдан (yañıdan)

Karaim:

Karachay-Balkar:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: яңынан (yañınan)

Tatar: яңадан (yañadan)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: жаңадан (jañadan)

Karakalpak:

Nogai:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жаңыдан (jaŋıdan)

Southern Altai: јаҥыдаҥ (ǰaŋïdaŋ)

Siberian:

Old Turkic:

Old Uyghur: [[#Old_Uyghur|]]

Western Yugur:

North Siberian:

Yakut: саҥаттан (sañattan)

Dolgan:

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan:

Tofa:

Yenisei:

Shor:

Khakas:


yapyaŋï

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫӗп-ҫӗнӗ (śĕp-śĕnĕ)

Common Turkic: *yapyaŋï, *yepyeŋi:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: yepyeni

Ottoman Turkish: یپ یڭی (yepyeñi)

Gagauz: yepyeni

Turkish: yepyeni

Turkmen: ýap-ýaňy (“just now”)

Salar:

Karluk:

Uzbek: yap-yangi

Uyghur: يېپيېڭى (yëpyë'ngi)

Kipchak:

West-Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: yapyañı

Kumyk:

Karaim:

Karachay-Balkar:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: яп-яңы (yap-yañı)

Tatar: яп-яңа (yap-yaña)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: жап-жаңа (jap-jaña)

Karakalpak: жап-жаңа

Nogai:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: жап-жаңы (jap-jaŋı)

Southern Altai: јап-јаҥы (ǰap-ǰaŋï)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut:

Dolgan:

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: чап-чаа (çap-çaa)

Tofa:

Yenisei:

Shor:

Khakas:


emüŕ-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ӗмӗрт (ĕmĕrt)

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: əmizdirmək

Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (emzürmek)

Turkish: emzirmek

Gagauz: emzirmää

⇒ Turkmen: emzik

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (emürmek), [script needed] (emüzmek)

Chagatai: [script needed] (émiz-)

Uyghur: [script needed] (emiz-), [script needed] (emit-)

Uzbek: emizmoq, emizdirmoq

Kipchak:

Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (emüz-), [script needed] (emzür-), [script needed] (emiz-), [script needed] (emzir-)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: имеҙеү (imeźew)

Tatar: [script needed] (imez-)

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (emiz-)

Kazakh: емізу (emızu)

Nogai: [script needed] (emiz-), [script needed] (emizt-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: эмизүү (emizüü)

Southern Altai: эмизер (emizer, “to keep breast”), эмистирер (emistirer)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (emiz-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (emïz-)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: эмсир (emsir) (эмис- (emis-) is the verb, эмсир is the infinitive form. Do not confuse.)

Tuvan: эмзирер (emzirer)

From Proto-Turkic *em-, doublet of Proto-Turkic *emtür-.


yạĺč-

Oghur:

Chuvash: ҫиҫ (śiś)

Common Turkic: *yašu-

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (yašu-)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yašu-)


tüt(e)-

Oghur:

Chuvash: тӗтӗр (tĕt̬ĕr)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

Khalaj: tütimək

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (tütmek), [script needed] (tütüzmek), [script needed] (dütüzmek), [script needed] (dütüzdürmek), [script needed] (tütüzdürmek)

Azerbaijani: tütmək, tütüzdürməx (dialect)

Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (tüt-), [script needed] (tütüzmek), [script needed] (dütüzmek), [script needed] (tütüzdürmek)

Turkish: tütmek, tütüzdürmek (dialect)

Gagauz: tütmek

⇒? Salar: tütülüq (“pipe”)

Turkmen: tütemek

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (tütetmek)

Uzbek: tutamoq

Kipchak:

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: [script needed] (töte-)

Tatar: [script needed] (töte-)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar:

Karachay-Balkar:

Karaim: [script needed] (tüte-)

Kumyk:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: [script needed] (tüte-)

Kazakh: түтеу (tüteu)

Nogai: [script needed] (tüte-)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: түтөө (tütöö)

Southern Altai: тӱдеер (tüdeer)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tüt-), [script needed] (tütüz-)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (tüt-)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tuvan: [script needed] (düdü-, “to rot”)

Tofa: [script needed] (tütü-, “to rot”)

Yenisei:

Khakas: [script needed] (tüde-)


-tur

Oghur:

Chuvash: -тер (-ter), -тар (-tar)

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: -tır, -tir, -tur, -tür, -dır, -dir, -dur, -dür

Kipchak:

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Kazakh: -тыр (-tyr), -тір (-tır), -дыр (-dyr), -дір (-dır)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: -тыр (-tır), -тир (-tir), -тур (-tur), -түр (-tür), -дыр (-dır), -дир (-dir), -дур (-dur), -дүр (-dür)

Southern Altai: -тыр (-tïr), -тир (-tir), -тур (-tur), -тӱр (-tür), -дыр (-dïr), -дир (-dir), -дур (-dur), -дӱр (-dür)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

Yakut: -тар (-tar), -тэр (-ter), -тор (-tor), -төр (-tör), -дар (-dar), -дэр (-der), -дор (-dor), -дөр (-dör), -нар (-nar), -нэр (-ner), -нор (-nor), -нөр (-nör), -лар (-lar), -лэр (-ler), -лор (-lor), -лөр (-lör)

kül- (“to laugh”) + *-tur → *kültür- (“to make someone laugh”)

öl- (“to die”) + *-tur → *öltür- (“to make someone die, to kill”)

yạŕ- (“to write”) + *-tur → *yạŕtur- (“to cause to write”)


āla

→? Classical Mongolian: [script needed] (alag)

→? Hungarian: Alacs (“proper noun”)

Oghur:

Chuvash: ула (ula, “speckled”)

Common Turkic:

Arghu:

⇒ Khalaj: hâla bula

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: ala

Ottoman Turkish: آلا (ala)

Turkish: ala, alaca

Gagauz: alaca

Turkmen: āla, ālaça

Salar: ala

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (ala)

Uzbek: ola

Uyghur: ئالا (ala)

Kipchak:

North Kipchak

Tatar: ала (ala)

Bashkir: ала (ala)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: ala

Kumyk: ала (ala)

Karachay-Balkar: ала (ala)

Karaim: ала

South Kipchak:

Caspian:

Karakalpak: ala

Kazakh: ала (ala)

Nogai: ала (ala)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: ала (ala)

Southern Altai: ала (ala)

Siberian:

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ala)

Western Yugur: ala

North Siberian:

Yakut: ала (ala)

South Siberan:

Sayan:

Tuvan: ала (ala)

Tofa: ала

Yenisei:

Khakas: ала (ala)

Shor: ала